Giao Trinh Access PDF

Gio trnh Cc h qun tr c s d liu"
Ch ng 1 TNG QUAN C S D LIU ACCESS
1. GII THIU MICROSOFT ACCESS

Microsoft Access l mt H Qun Tr C S D Liu (QTCSDL) tng tc ngi
s dng chy trong mi trng Windows. Microsoft Access cho chng ta mt cng c
hiu lc v y sc mnh trong cng tc t chc, tm kim v biu din thng tin.
Microsoft Access cho ta cc kh nng thao tc d liu, kh nng lin kt v cng
c truy vn mnh m gip qu trnh tm kim thng tin nhanh. Ngi s dng c th ch
dng mt truy vn lm vic vi cc dng c s d liu khc nhau. Ngoi ra, c th thay
i truy vn bt k lc no v xem nhiu cch hin th d liu khc nhau ch cn ng tc
nhp chut.
Microsoft Access v kh nng kt xut d liu cho php ngi s dng thit k
nhng biu mu v bo co phc tp p ng y cc yu cu qun l, c th vn ng
d liu v kt hp cc biu mu va bo co trong mt ti liu v trnh by kt qu theo
dng thc chuyn nghip.
Microsoft Access l mt cng c y nng lc nng cao hiu sut cng vic.
Bng cch dng cc Wizard ca MS Access v cc lnh c sn (macro) ta c th d dng
t ng ha cng vic m khng cn lp trnh. i vi nhng nhu cu qun l cao,
Access a ra ngn ng lp trnh Access Basic (Visual Basic For application) mt ngn
ng lp trnh mnh trn CSDL.
2. KHI NG V THOT KHI ACCESS

2.1. Khi ng ACCESS
Chn nt Start trn thanh Task bar
Chn Programs
Chn Microsoft ACCESS
Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin http://www.ebook.edu.vn 79

Khung hi thoi Microsoft ACCESS gm:

Create a New Database Using : To CSDL ng dng mi.
Blank Database : To CSDL trng.
Database Wizard : To vi s tr gip
ca Wizard.
Open an Existing Database : M mt CSDL c sn.
2.2. Thot khi ACCESS
Chn File/Exit hoc nhn t hp phm ALT+F4
3. CC THAO TC TRN TP TIN C S D LIU ACCESS
3.1. To mt tp tin CSDL
Thc hin cc thao tc sau:
Chn File/New hoc chn biu tng
New trn thanh cng c
Chn Database, chn OK

Trong mc Save in: Chn th mc cn cha tn tp tin.
File name: Chn tn tp tin cn to
(Phn m rng mc nh l MDB)
3.2. M mt CSDL tn ti trn a
Chn File/Open database (Hoc click biu tng Open)
Trong mc Look in : Chn th mc cn cha
tn tp tin cn m.
File name: Chn tn tp tin cn m.
Chn Open
3.3. ng mt CSDL
Chn File/Close hoc ALT+F4
3.4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt tp tin CSDL ACCESS
Mt tp tin CSDL ACCESS gm c 6 thnh phn c bn sau
Bng (Tables) : L ni cha d liu

Truy vn (Queries) : Truy vn thng tin da trn mt

hoc nhiu bng.
Biu mu (Forms) : Cc biu mu dng nhp d liu
hoc hin th d liu.
Bo co (Reports) : Dng in n.
Pages (Trang) : To trang d liu.
Macros (Tp lnh) : Thc hin cc tp lnh.
Modules (n th) : Dng lp trnh Access Basic
4. CCH S DNG CA S DATABASE

Nh ni trn, mt CSDL ca Access cha trong n 7 i tng ch khng
n thun l bng d liu. Sau khi to mi mt CSDL hoc m mt CSDL c sn Access
s hin th mt ca s Database, trn hin th tn ca CSDL ang m v lit k 7 i
tng m n qun l, mi lp i tng u c phn lp r rng tin theo di.
4.1. To mt i tng mi
Trong ca s Database, chn tab cha i tng cn to (Bng, Truy vn, Biu
mu, Bo co,...) hoc thc hin lnh
View/D atabase Object - Table/Query/Form/ReportPages/Macros/Modules
Chn nt New.
4.2. Thc hin mt i tng trong CSDL
Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc

i tng c sn, chn tn i tng cn m.
Chn nt Open (i vi Bng, Truy vn, Biu mu, Trang) hoc Preview (i vi
Bo biu) hoc Run (i vi Macro v Module).
4.3. Sa i mt i tng c sn trong CSDL
Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc

i tng c sn, chn tn i tng cn m, Chn nt Design.

Ch ng 2 BNG D LIU
Bng l i tng ch yu cha cc thng tin cn qun l, c th ch l mt vi

a ch n gin hay c vi chc nghn bn ghi cha ng thng tin lin quan n cc hot
ng SXKD ca mt cng ty xut nhp khu no . Trc khi ta mun lm vic vi bt
k mt CSDL no th ta phi c thng tin qun l, cc thng tin nm trong cc
bng, n l c s cho ngi s dng to cc i tng khc trong CSDL nh truy vn,
biu mu, bo biu...
1. THIT K C S D LIU
Mt CSDL c thit k tt cho php ngi s dng truy cp nhanh chng n

nhng thng tin cn tham kho, gip tit kim c thi gian truy xut thng tin. Mt
CSDL thit k tt gip ngi s dng rt ra c nhng kt qu nhanh chng v chnh
xc hn.
thit k mt CSDL tt chng ta phi hiu cch m mt H QTCSDL qun tr

cc CSDL nh th no. MS Access hay bt k mt H QTCSDL no c th cung cp cc
thng tin cho chng ta mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu nu chng c cung cp y
mi d kin v nhiu i tng khc nhau lu tr trong cc bng d liu. V d ta cn
mt bng cha thng tin v l lch ca cn b, mt bng khc cha cc ti
nguyn cu khoa hc ca cc cn b...
Khi bt tay thit k CSDL, chng ta phi xc nh v phn tch cc thng tin mun
lu tr thnh cc i tng ring r, sau bo cho H QTCSDL bit cc i tng
lin quan vi nhau nh th no. Da vo cc quan h m H QTCSDL c th lin kt
cc i tng v rt ra cc s liu tng hp cn thit.
CC BC THIT K CSDL
Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu khai thc CSDL ca chng ta. iu ny quyt nh cc loi s

kin chng ta s a vo MS Access.

Bc 2: Xc nh cc bng d liu cn thit. Mi i tng thng tin s hnh thnh mt

bng trong CSDL ca chng ta.
Bc 3: Sau khi xc nh xong cc bng cn thit, tip n ta phi ch r thng tin no

cn qun l trong mi bng, l xc nh cc trng. Mi loi thng tin trong bng gi
l trng. Mi mu in trong cng mt bng u c chung cu trc cc trng. V d:
Trong l lch khoa hc cn b, nhng trng (thng tin) cn qun l l: H V TN,
CHUYN MN, HC V, HC HM,...
Bc 4: Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng. Nhn vo mi bng d liu v xem xt

d liu trong bng ny lin h th no vi d liu trong bng khc. Thm trng hoc to
bng mi lm r mi quan h ny. y l vn ht sc quan trng, to c quan h
tt s gip chng ta nhanh chng truy tm tm v kt xut d liu.
Bc 5: Tinh ch, hiu chnh li thit k. Phn tch li thit k ban u tim li, to
bng d liu v nhp vo vi bn ghi, th xem CSDL phn nh th no vi nhng yu
cu truy xut ca chng ta, c rt c kt qu ng t nhng bng d liu khng.
Thc hin cc chnh sa thit k nu thy cn thit.
2. KHI NIM V BNG
Bng l ni cha d liu v mt i tng thng tin no nh SINH VIN,

HA N,... Mi hng trong bng gi l mt bn ghi (record) cha cc ni dung ring
ca i tng . Mi bn ghi ca mt bng u c chung cu trc, tc l cc trng
(field). V d: Cho bng di y qun l l lch khoa hc cn b trong trng i hc,
c cc trng MACB (M cn b), TRINHDOVH (Trnh vn ha), CHUYENMON
(Chuyn mn),...
Trong mt CSDL c th cha nhiu bng, thng mi bng lu tr nhiu thng tin
(d liu) v mt i tng thng tin no , mi mt thng tin u c nhng kiu c
trng ring, m vi Access n s c th thnh nhng kiu d liu ca cc trng.

3. TO BNG MI TRONG C S D LIU
Trong MS Access c hai cch to bng, mt l cch dng Table Wizard, nhng
cc trng y MS Access t ng t tn v khng c bn tay can thip ca ngi s
dng. y, s a ra cch to mi bng hon ton do ngi s dng.
3.1. To bng khng dng Table Wizard
Trong ca s Database, chn tab Table (hoc Lnh View/Daatbase object - Table)
Chn nt New, xut hin hp thoi
Datasheet View: Trn mn hnh s xut hin mt
bng trng vi cc trng (tiu ct) ln lt Field1, field2
Design View: Trn mn hnh xut hin ca s
thit k bng, ngi s dng t thit k bng.
Table Wizard: Thit k bng vi s tr gip ca MS Access
Import table: Nhp cc bng v cc i tng t cc tp tin khc vo CSDL
hin thi.
Link table: To bng bng cch ni vo CSDL hin thi cc bng ca CSDL
khc.
Chn chc nng Design View, chn OK.
3.2. S dng Design View
Field Name: Tn trng cn t (thng tin cn qun l)
Data Type: Kiu d liu ca trng
Desciption: M t trng, phn ny ch mang ngha
lm r thng tin qun l, c th b qua trong khi thit k bng.
Field properties: Cc thuc tnh ca trng
Xc nh kho chnh ca bng (nu c)
Xc nh thuc tnh ca bng, Lu bng d liu

t tn trng
Tn trng y khng nht thit phi c di hn ch v phi st nhau, m ta

c th t tn trng ty nhng khng vt qu 64 k t k c k t trng. Lu rng,
tn trng c th t di nn n d m t c thng tin qun l, nhng s kh khn hn
khi ta dng cc pht biu SQL v lp trnh Access Basic. Do khi t tn trng ta nn
t ngn gn, d gi nh v khng cha k t trng.
Kiu d liu
MS Access cung cp mt s kiu d liu c bn sau:
Kiu d liu D liu vo Kch thc

Text Vn bn Ti a 255 byte
Memo Vn bn nhiu dng, trang Ti a 64000 bytes
Number S 1,2,4 hoc 8 byte
Date/Time Ngy gi 8 byte
Currency Tin t (S) 8 byte
ACCESS t ng tng ln mt
Auto number khi mt bn ghi c to 4 byte
Yes/No L lun (Boolean) 1 bit
OLE Object i tng ca phn mm khc Ti a 1 giga byte
Trng nhn gi tr do
Lookup Wizard ngi dng chn t 1 bng
khc hoc 1 danh sch gi
tr nh trc
Hyper link Lin kt cc URL
Quy nh thuc tnh, nh dng cho trng
t thuc tnh l mt phn khng km quan trng, n quyt nh n d liu

thc s lu gia trong bng, kim tra chnh xc d liu khi nhp vo, nh dng

d liu nhp vo ... Mi mt kiu d liu s c cc thuc tnh v cc c trng v

khc nhau. Sau y l cc thuc tnh, nh dng ca cc kiu d liu.
tng thm tc x l khi nhp d liu cng nh cc cng vic tm kim sau
ny th vic quy nh d liu rt quan trng.
Cc trng trong ACCESS c cc thuc tnh sau:
3.2.1. Field Size
Quy nh kch thc ca trng v ty thuc vo tng kiu d liu
Kiu Text: Chng ta quy nh di ti a ca chui.
Kiu Number: C th chn mt trong cc loi sau:
Byte: 0..255
Integer: -32768..32767
Long Integer: -3147483648.. 3147483647
Single:-3,4x1038..3,4x1038 (Ti a 7 s l)
Double: -1.797x10308 ..1.797x10308 (Ti a 15 s l)
Decimal Places
Quy nh s ch s thp phn ( Ch s dng trong kiu Single v Double)
i vi kiu Currency mc nh decimal places l 2
3.2.2. Format
Quy nh dng hin th d liu, ty thuc vo tng kiu d liu.
Kiu chui: Gm 3 phn
<Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3>
Trong :
<Phn 1>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp c cha vn bn.
<Phn 2>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp khng cha vn bn.
<Phn 3>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null

Cc k t dng nh dng chui
K t Tc dch vu du lchng
@ Chui k t
> i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in hoa
< i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in thng
Chui k t Chui k t gia 2 du nhy
\<k t> K t nm sau du \
[black] [White] [red] Mu

Hoc [<s>]
Trong 0<=s<=56
V d
Cch nh dng D liu Hin th

@@@-@@@@ 123456 123-456
abcdef abc-def
> Tinhoc TINHOC
< TINHOC Tinhoc
@;Khng c;Khng bit Chui bt k Hin th chui
Chui rng Khng c
Gi tr trng (Null) Khng bit
Kiu Number
nh dng do ACCESS cung cp
Dng D liu Hin th
General Number 1234.5 1234.5
Currency 1234.5 $1.234.50
Fixed 1234.5 1234

Standard 1234.5 1,234.50

Pecent 0.825 82.50%
Scientific 1234.5 1.23E+03
nh dng do ngi s dng

<Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3>;<Phn 4>
<Phn 1>:Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s dng.
<Phn 2>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s m.
<Phn 3>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s bng zero.
<Phn 4>: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null.
Cc k t nh dng
K t Tc dng
.(Period) Du chm thp phn
,(comma) Du phn cch ngn
0 K t s (0-9)
# K t s hoc khong trng
$ Du $
% Phn trm
V d
nh dng Hin th
S dng hin th bnh thng
0;(0);;Null S m c bao gia 2 du ngoc
S zero b b trng
Null hin ch Null
Hin th du + pha trc nu s dng
+0.0;-0.0;0.0 Hin th du - pha trc nu s m
Hin th 0.0 nu m hoc Null

Kiu Date/Time
Cc kiu nh dng do ACCESS cung cp
Dng Hin th
General date 10/30/99 5:10:30PM
Long date Friday, may 30 , 1999
Medium date 30-jul-1999
Short date 01/08/99
Long time 6:20:00 PM
Medium time 6:20 PM
Short time 18:20
Cc k t nh dng
K t Tc dng
: (colon) Du phn cch gi
/ Du phn cch ngy
d Ngy trong thng (1-31)
dd Ngy trong thng 01-31)
ddd Ngy trong tun (Sun -Sat0
W Ngy trong tun (1-7)
WW Tun trong nm (1-54)
M Thng trong nm (1-12)
MM Thng trong nm (01-12)
q Qu trong nm (1-4)
y Ngy trong nm (1-366)
yy Nm (01-99)
h Gi (0-23)
n Pht (0-59)
s Giy (0-59)

V d
nh dng Hin th
Ddd,mmm d,yyyy Mon,jun 2, 1998
Mm/dd/yyyy 01/02/1998
Kiu Yes/No
Cc kiu nh dng
nh dng Tc dng
Yes/No ng/Sai
True/False ng/Sai
On/Off ng/Sai
nh dng do ngi s dng: Gm 3 phn

<Phn 1>;<Phn 2>;<Phn 3>
Trong : <Phn 1>: B trng
<Phn 2>: Trng hp gi tr trng ng
<Phn 3>: Trng hp gi tr trng sai
V d
nh dng Hin th
Trng hp True Trng hp False
;Nam;Nu Nam Nu
;co;Khong Co Khong
3.2.3. Input mask (Mt n)

Thuc tnh ny dng quy nh mt n nhp d liu cho mt trng.
Cc k t nh dng trong input mask

K t Tc dng
0 Bt buc nhp k t s
9 Khng bt buc nhp, k t s
# Khng bt buc nhp, s 0-9, khong trng, du + v -
L Bt buc nhp, k t ch
? Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc khong trng
a Bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s
A Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s
& Bt buc nhp, k t bt k
C Khng bt buc nhp k t bt k
< Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch thng
> Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa
! D liu c ghi t phi sang tri
\<K t> K t theo sau \ s c a thng vo
V d
Input mask D liu nhp vo

(000)000-0000 (054)828-8282
(000)AAA-A (123)124-E
) Ch : Nu mun cc k t g vo quy nh thuc tnh input mask l password (Khi

nhp d liu vo ti cc v tr xut hin du *).
3.2.4. Caption
Quy nh nhn l mt chui k t s xut hin ti dng tiu ca bng. Chui k
t ny cng xut hin ti nhn cc ca cc iu khin trong cc biu mu hoc bo co.
3.2.5. Default value
Quy nh gi tr mc nh cho trng tr Auto number v OEL Object
3.2.6. Validation rule v Validation Text

Quy nh quy tc hp l d liu (Validation rule) gii hn gi tr nhp vo cho

mt trng. Khi gii hn ny b vi phm s c cu thng bo Validation text.
Cc php ton c tht dng trong Validation rule
Cc php ton Php ton Tc dng

Php so snh >, <, >=, <=, =, <>
Php ton logic Or, and , not Hoc, v, ph nh
Php ton v chui Like Ging nh
) Ch : Nu hng trong biu thc l kiu ngy th nn t gia 2 du #.

V d
Validation rule Tc dng

<>0 Khc s khng
Like *HUE* Trong chui phi cha HUE
<#25/07/76# Trc ngy 25/07/76
>=#10/10/77# and <=#12/11/77# Trong khong t 10/10/77 n 12/12/77
3.2.7. Required
C th quy nh thuc tnh ny bt buc hay khng bt buc nhp d liu cho
trng.
Required Tc dng
Yes Bt buc nhp d liu
No Khng bt buc nhp d liu
3.2.8. AllowZeroLength
Thuc tnh ny cho php quy nh mt trng c kiu Text hay memo c th hoc
khng c th c chui c di bng 0.
) Ch : Cn phn bit mt trng cha gi tr null ( cha c d liu) v mt trng
cha chui c di bng 0 ( C d liu nhng chui rng ).

AllowZeroLength Tc dng
Yes Chp nhn chui rng
No Khng chp nhn chui rng
3.2.9. Index
Quy nh thuc tnh ny to ch mc trn mt trng. Nu chng ta lp ch mc
th vic tm kim d liu nhanh hn v tin hn.
Index Tc dng
Yes( Dupplicate OK) To ch mc c trng lp
Yes(No Dupplicate ) To ch mc khng trng lp
No Khng to ch mc
3.2.10. New value
Thuc tnh ny ch i vi d liu kiu auto number, quy nh cch thc m
trng t ng in s khi thm bn ghi mi vo.
New value Tc dng
Increase Tng dn
Random Ly s ngu nhin
4. THIT LP KHO CHNH (primary key)
4.1. Khi nim kho chnh
Sc mnh ca mt H QTCSDL nh Microsoft Access, l kh nng mau chng truy

tm v rt d liu t nhiu bng khc nhau trong CSDL. h thng c th lm c
iu ny mt cch hiu qu, mi bng trong CSDL cn c mt trng hoc mt nhm cc
trng c th xc nh duy nht mt bn ghi trong s rt nhiu bn ghi ang c trong
bng. y thng l mt m nhn din nh M nhn vin hay S Bo Danh ca hc sinh.
Theo thut ng CSDL trng ny c gi l kha chnh (primary key) ca bng. MS
Access dng trng kha chnh kt ni d liu nhanh chng t nhiu bng v xut ra
kt qu yu cu.

Nu trong bng chng ta c mt trng sao cho ng vi mi tr thuc trng

chng ta xc nh duy nht mt bn ghi ca bng, chng ta c th dng trng lm
trng kha ca bng. T cho ta thy rng tt c cc tr trong trng kha chnh phi
khc nhau. Chng hn ng dng tn ngi lm trng kha v tn trng l khng duy
nht.
Nu khng tm c m nhn din cho bng no , chng ta c th dng mt

trng kiu Autonunter (v d S Th T) lm trng kha chnh.
Khi chn trng lm kha chnh chng ta lu my im sau:
MS Access khng chp nhn cc gi tr trng nhau hay trng (null) trong
trng kha chnh.
Chng ta s dng cc gi tr trong trng kha chnh truy xut cc bn ghi

trong CSDL, do cc gi tr trong trng ny khng nn qu di v kh nh v
kh g vo.
Kch thc ca kha chnh nh hng n tc truy xut CSDL. t hiu qu

ti u, dng kch thc nh nht xc nh mi gi tr cn a vo trng.
4.2. Cch t kho chnh
Ta c th t chn trng lm kha chnh cho bng bng cc bc sau y:
M bng ch Design View

Nhp chn trng cn t
Thc hin lnh Edit - Primary Key hoc nhp chn nt trn thanh cng c ca
mc ny .
)ch : Khng phi mi trng u c th lm kha chnh, m ch c cc trng c cc

kiu d liu khng phi l Memo v OLE Object., Hyper Link.
hy b kha chnh hoc cc thit lp th thc hin lnh View - Indexes, trong
hp thoi ny chn v xa i nhng trng kha thit lp:

5. LU BNG
Sau khi thit k xong, ta tin hnh lu bng vo CSDL, c th thc hin mt trong
hai thao tc sau:
Thc hin lnh File - Save.
Nhp chn nt trn thanh cng c ca mc ny (Table Design)
6. HIU CHNH BNG
6.1. Di chuyn trng: Cc thao tc di chuyn th t cc trng
a con tr ra u trng n khi con tr chut chuyn thnh th nhp chn.

a con tr ra u trng va chn, nhn v ko nv tr mi.
6.2. Chen trng : Cc thao tc ln lt nh sau
Chn trng hin thi l trng s nm sau trng c chen vo

Thc hin lnh Insert/ Row
6.3. Xa trng: Cc thao tc ln lt nh sau
Chn trng cn xa
Thc hin lnh Edit - Delete Rows
6.4. Quy nh thuc tnh ca bng
M bng ch Design View, chn View/Properties
Description: Dng m t bng
Validation Rule: Quy tc hp l d liu cho ton bng.
Validation Text: Thng bo li khi d liu khng hp l.

7. XEM THNG TIN V B SUNG BN GHI
7.1. Xem thng tin ch datasheet
Mun xem thng tin trong mt bng chng ta phi chuyn bng sang mt ch
hin th khc gi l Datasheet. Trong ch hin th ny, mi bn ghi c th hin trn
mt hng ngang, hng u tin l cc tn trng.
Sau y l cc cch chuyn sang ch hin th Datasheet:
Trong ca s Database ca CSDL ang m, nhp chn tab Table. Trong mc ny

chn bng cn hin th ri chn nt Open, bng s c m b sung v chnh sa d
liu.
Ta c th chuyn sang ch Datasheet ngay khi ang trong ch Design, bng
cch nhp chn nt th bng s chuyn sang ch Datasheet, quay tr v ch
Design, ta nhp chn li nt . Hoc chn lnh View - /Design View.
7.2. B sung bn ghi cho bng
Sau khi hon thnh cng vic thit k cu trc bng, ta tin hnh nhp d liu, tc
l b sung cc bn ghi, cho bng. Hin th bng ch hin th Datasheet, mi hng i
din cho mt bn ghi. y c cc k hiu chng ta cn bit cng dng ca chng
Bn ghi hin thi
Bn ghi ang nhp d liu
Bn ghi mi
7.2.1. B sung bn ghi mi cho CSDL
ang ng ti mt bn ghi no (khng phi l bn ghi mi), chn nt trn

thanh cng c. Hoc thc hin lnh Record - Go To - New.
7.2.2. Di chuyn gia cc bn ghi

Ta c th di chuyn qua li gi cc bn ghi bng cch dng cng c Chn la bn

ghi (Record Selector).
7.2.3. Nhp d liu cho bn ghi
Khi ang nhp d liu cho mt bn ghi no , th u hng ca bn ghi xut

hin biu tng .
T hp phm Tc dng
Tab Sang k tip
Shift Tab Sang pha trc
Home n u dng
End n cui dng
Ctrl Home n bn ghi u tin
Ctrl End n bn ghi cui cng
Shift F2 Zoom
Theo chun, khi nhp d liu th Access s ly font mc nh l MS San Serif, iu

ny c th gip cho ta hin th c ting Vit ch khi MS San Serif l ca VietWare
hoc ca ABC.
khng ph thuc vo iu ny, ta nn chn font trc khi tin hnh nhp d
liu. Trong ch hin th Datasheet, thc hin lnh Format - Font...
Khi nhp d liu l trng cho trng OLE Object, ta thc hin nh sau: Lnh
Edit - Object...
7.2.4. Chn cc bn ghi
nh du chn bn ghi:
Chn Edit/Select Record: chn bn ghi hin hnh
Chn Edit/ Select all Record chn ton b

7.2.5. Xa bn ghi
Chn cc bn ghi cn xa, sau thc hin lnh Edit - Delete (hoc nhn phm
DELETE) .
8. THIT LP QUAN H GIA CC BNG
8.1. Cc loi quan h trong c s d liu ACCESS
8.1.1. Quan h mt -mt (1-1)

Trong quan h mt -mt, mi bn ghi trong bng A c tng ng vi mt bn ghi
trong bng B v ngc li mi bn ghi trong bng B c tng ng duy nht mt bn ghi
trong bng A.
V d: Cho 2 bng d liu
Bng Danhsach(Masv, ten, Ngaysinh, gioitinh) v bng Diemthi(Masv, diem)
Ten Ngaysinh Gioitinh Masv Masv diem
An 20/10/77 Yes A001 A001 9
Bnh 21/07/80 No A002 A002 7
Thu 02/12/77 Yes A003 A003 9
Lan 03/04/80 No A004 A004 4
Hng 12/11/77 No A005 A005 5
Bng Danhsach v diemthi c mi quan h 1-1 da trn trng Masv.
8.1.2. Quan h mt nhiu ( 1- )
L mi quan h ph bin nht trong CSDL, trong quan h mt nhiu : Mt bn ghi

trong bng A s c th c nhiu bn ghi tng ng trong bng B, nhng ngc li mt
bn ghi trong bng B c duy nht mt bn ghi tng ng trong bng A.

V d: Trong mt khoa ca mt trng hc no c nhiu sinh vin, nhng mt

sinh vin thuc mt khoa nht nh. Ta c 2 bng d liu nh sau:
Bng Danhsachkhoa(Makhoa, tenkhoa, sodthoai)
Bng danhsachsv(Makhoa, Ten, Quequan, lop)
Tenkhoa Sodthoai Makhoa Makhoa Ten Queuqan Lop
CNTT 826767 01 01 Thanh Hu K23
TON 878787 02 01 Tng Qbnh K24
L 868785 03 02 Thu Hu K25
02 Hng N K26
03 Lan Hu K25
03 Hng N K26
Bng Danhsachkhoa v bng danhsachsv c mi quan h 1- da trn trng

Makhoa.
8.3. Quan h nhiu nhiu( - )
Trong quan h nhiu nhiu, mi bn ghi trong bng A c th c khng hoc nhiu
bn ghi trong bng B v ngc li mi bn ghi trong bng B c th c khng hoc nhiu
bn ghi trong bng A.
Khi gp mi quan h nhiu- nhiu khng gy nn s trng lp v d tha d liu

th ngi ta tch quan h nhiu-nhiu thnh 2 quan h mt-nhiu bng cch to ra mt
bng ph cha kha chnh ca 2 bng .
V d: Mt gio vin c th dy cho nhiu trng v mt trng c nhiu gio vin
tham gia ging dy. y l mt mi quan h nhiu-nhiu
Bng Danhsachgv(Magv,ten)

Bng Danhsachtruong(Matruong, Tentruong)

To ra bng Phancongday(Magv, matruong)
Ten Magv Magv Matruong Matruong tentruong
Thanh G1 G1 KH KH DHKH
Thu G2 G1 SP SP DHSP
Hng G3 G2 YK YK DHYK
G2 SP
G3 KH
G3 YK
Bng Danhsachgv v bng Phancongday c mi quan h 1- da trn trng

Magv.
Bng Danhsachtruong v bng Phancongday c mi quan h 1- da trn

trng Matruong.
8.4. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng d liu (Relationships)

Ti ca s Database, thc hin lnh Tools/Relationship
Trong ca s Show Table chn Table v chn cc

bng cn thit lp quan h, sau chn Add v Close.
Ko trng lin kt ca bng quan h vo trng
ca bng c quan h (Table related).

Bt chc nng Enforce Referential Integrity ( Nu mun quan h ny b rng

buc tham chiu ton vn), chn mi quan h (one-many) hoc (one-one).
Chn nt Create.
) Ch
Quan h c tnh tham chiu ton vn s m bo cc vn sau:
Khi nhp d liu cho trng tham gia quan h bn nhiu th phi tn ti bn mt.
Khng th xo mt bn ghi ca bng bn mt nu trong quan h tn ti nhng
bn ghi bn nhiu c quan h vi bn ghi bn mt .
Trng hp vi phm cc quy tc trn th s nhn c thng bo li.
8.4.1. Thit lp thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn trong quan h
Trong khi chn mi quan h gia cc bng, c 2 thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn
l Cascade update related fields,Cascade Delete related records, c thit lp 2 thuc tnh
ny.
Nu chn thuc tnh Cascade update related fields, khi d liu trn kho chnh ca
bng bn mt thay i th Access s t ng cp nht s thay i vo cc trng
tng ng (c quan h) trn cc bng bn Nhiu, hay ni cch khc, d liu bng bn
nhiu cng thay i theo.
Nu chn thuc tnh Cascade Delete related records, khi d liu trn bng bn mt
b xo th d liu trn bng bn nhiu cng s b xo..
8.4.2. Kiu kt ni (Join type)
Trong qu trnh thit lp quan h gia cc bng, nu khng chn nt Create, chn
nt join type chn kiu lin kt
Mc 1: Lin kt ni (Inner join)
Mc 2 v mc 3 l lin kt ngoi (outer join)
8.4.3. iu chnh cc mi quan h
M ca s quan h (Tools/Relationship)

Click chut phi, chn edit relationship

8.4.4. Xo cc mi quan h
M ca s quan h (Tools/Relationship)
Chn mi quan h gia cc bng, nhn delete.
9. SP XP V LC D LIU
9.1. Mt s php ton v hm
9.1.1. Mt s php ton
K t thay th: ? : Thay th cho mt k t bt k
K t * : Thay th cho mt dy cc k t.
Php ton Like: Ging nh
In: Kim tra mt gi tr c thuc mt tp cc gi tr hay khng?
Is Null: Gi tr ca mt trng l Null.
Is not Null:Gi tr ca mt trng l khng Null.
Between.....and: Kim tra xem mt gi tr c thuc mt "on" no
hay khng?
9.1.2. Mt s hm
Hm Left$(<Chui>,<n>): Trch bn tri chui n k t.
Hm Right$(<Chui>,<n>): Trch bn phi chui n k t.
Hm Ucase(<Chui>): Tr li mt chui in hoa.
Hm Lcase(<Chui>): Tr li mt chui in thng.
Hm IIF(<iu kin>,<Gi tr 1>,< Gi tr 2>): Nu <iu kin> nhn gi tr
true th hm tr li <Gi tr 1>, ngc li hm tr li <Gi tr 2>.
9.2. Sp xp d liu
9.2.1. sp xp trn mt trng
t con tr ti trung cn sp xp
Thc hin lnh Records/ Sort/ Sort Ascending (Nu sp xp tng dn)
/ Sort Descending (Nu sp xp gim dn)
9.2.2. sp xp trn nhiu trng

M bng trong ch Datasheet ri thc hin lnh

Records/ Filter/ Advanced Filter sort
Trong hng Field: Chn cc trng cn sp xp (Th t u tin t tri sang

phi)
Trong hng Sort: Chn tiu chun sp xp.
Trong hng Criteria: Chn iu kin sp xp (nu c).
Xem kt qu.: Chn Filter/Apply filter.
9.3. Lc d liu
M bng trong ch Datasheet ri thc hin lnh
Records/ Filter/ Advanced Filter sort
Trong hng Field: Chn cc trng lm tiu chun lc d liu

Trong hng Criterie: Chn tiu chun lc d liu.
Thc hin lnh Filter/ Apply filter sort xem kt qu..

Ch ng 3 TRUY VN (QUERY)
Sc mnh thc s ca CSDL l kh nng tm ng v y thng tin m chng

ta cn bit, trnh by d liu sp xp theo mun. p ng yu cu trn, Acces cung
cp mt cng c truy vn cho php t cu hi vi d liu ang cha bn trong cc bng
trong CSDL.
1. KHI NIM TRUY VN
Truy vn l mt cng c cho php t cu hi vi d liu trong bng d liu trong
CSDL.
Loi truy vn thng dng nht l truy vn chn (Select Query ). Vi kiu truy vn
ny chng ta c th xem xt d liu trong cc bng, thc hin phn tch v chnh sa trn
d liu , c th xem thng tin t 1 bng hoc c th thm nhiu trng t nhiu bng
khc nhau.
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu KHOHANG (MAHANG, TENHANG, GIA)
BANHANG(MAHANG, TENKHACH, SOLUONG, NGAYMUA). Hy hin th nhng
khch hng mua hng trong thng 7 bao gm cc thng tin: MAHANG, TENHANG,
GIA, TENKHACH.
Sau khi thc hin truy vn, d liu tha mn yu cu c rt ra v tp hp vo
mt bng kt qa gi l Dynaset (Dynamic set). Dynaset cng hot ng nh 1 bng
(Table) nhng n khng phi l bng vfa kt qu khi hin th c th cho php sa i.
Mt loi bng th hin kt qu truy vn khc l Snapshot, n tng t nh
dynaset tuy nhin khng th sa i thng tin ( Nh truy vn Crosstab....).
1.1. Cc loi truy vn trong Access
Select Query : Truy vn chn
Crosstab Query : Truy vn tham kha cho (Th hin dng v ct)
Action Query : Truy vn hnh ng gm
Truy vn to bng (make table Query )

Truy vn ni (append Query )

Truy vn cp nht ( Update Query )
Truy vn xa d liu ( Delete Query )
SQL Query : Truy vn c vit bi ngn ng SQL.
Pass throught Query : Gi cc lnh n mt CSDL SQL nh Microsoft SQL
server.
1.2. S cn thit ca truy vn
Khi ng trc mt vn no trong CSDL, nu s dng cng c truy vn th
c th thc hin c cc yu cu sau:
S la chn cc trng cn thit.
La chn nhng bn ghi.
Sp xp th t cc bn ghi.
Ly d liu cha trn nhiu bng khc nhau trong CSDL.
Thc hin cc php tnh.
S dng truy vn lm ngun d liu cho mt biu mu (Form), bo co (report)
hoc mt truy vn khc (Query ).
Thay i d liu trong bng.
2. CC CH HIN TH TRUY VN
2.1. Ca s thit k truy vn (Design view).
Trong ch ny, ngi s dng c th to, sa cha mt truy vn no . Mn
hnh truy vn cha hai phn, phn th nht cha cc bng (hoc truy vn) tham gia truy
vn, phn th hai gi l vng li QBE (Query By Example).
2.2. Ca s hin th truy vn (DataSheet view).
S dng ch ny xem kt qu.
2.3. Ca s lnh SQL (SQL view).
S dng ch ny xem m lnh ca truy vn ang to
3. TO TRUY VN
3.1.To mi 1 truy vn

T ca s Database, click vo i tng Queries.

Chn nt New.
Chn Design View, chn OK
Trong bng Show Table chn tables hin th cc bng, chn cc bng tham gia
vo truy vn v nhn nt Add, sau nhn Close. (Nu chn Queries th hin th truy
vn, chn both th hin th c truy vn v bng d liu).
a cc trng t cc bng vo tham gia truy vn bng cch ko cc trng v th
vo hng Field trong vng li QBE.
Trong hng Sort: Sp xp d liu (nu c)
Trong hng Criteria t tiu chun (nu c)
Lu truy vn.
) Ch
Mi truy vn c:
Ti a l 32 bng tham gia.
Ti a l 255 trng.
Kch thc ti a ca bng d liu (do truy vn to ra) l 1 gigabyte.
S trng dng lm kha sp xp ti a l 10.
S truy vn lng nhau ti a l 50 cp.
S k t ti a trong ca vng li l 1024.
S k t ti a trong dng lnh SQL l 64000.
S k t ti a trong tham s l 255.
3.2. Thay i th t, xa cc trng
Cc trng trong truy vn s hin th theo th t nh xut hin trong vng li
QBE.
3.2.1.Thay i th t ca trng
a con tr vo thanh chn sao cho con tr bin thnh hnh mi tn tr xung

Click chn trng

Drag thay i v tr.
3.2.2.xo trng
a con tr vo thanh chn sao cho con tr bin thnh hnh mi tn tr xung
Click chn trng
Nhn phm delete (Nu mun xo tt c cc trng trong vng li QBE: chn
Edit/clear grid)
3.3. Th hin hoc che du tn bng trong vng li QBE
Mun bit tn trng hin ti trong vng li QBE l ca tn bng no, ti ch
Design View ngi s dng thc hin View/tables name.
3.4. Xem kt qu ca truy vn.
Ti ca s Database chn tn truy vn ri chn Open, hoc trong khi thit k truy
vn thc hin lnh View/datasheet View.
3.5. i tiu ct trong truy vn.
i tn tiu ct trong truy vn mc ch l lm cho bng kt xut d c
hn (Tr khi quy nh thuc tnh Caption).
Mun i tn tiu ct thc hin theo cc bc sau:

M truy vn ch Design View
Chn vo bn tri k t u tin ca tn trng trong vng li QBE
G vo tn mi, theo sau l du 2 chm (:).
V d:
3.6. nh th t sp xp
C th s dng nhanh trong ch datasheet View .

C th to sp xp trong khi thit k truy vn bng cch chn Ascending (tng

dn) hoc Descending (gim dn) trong hng Sort ca vng li QBE .
) Ch : Nu c nhiu trng nh v sp xp th theo th t u tin t tri sang phi.
3.7. Che du hay th hin cc trng trong Dynaset
Ti hng Show ng vi trng cn che du chng ta khng chn mt d n vn tn
ti, vn tham gia truy vn.
3.8. Mi quan h gia thuc tnh ca trng trong truy vn v trong bng d
liu
Theo mc nhin, cc trng trong truy vn k tha tt c cc thuc tnh ca trng
trong bng lm ngun d liu. Nu khng quy nh li trong truy vn, cc trng trong
Dynaset hoc snapshot lun k tha cc thuc tnh ca bng lm ngun d liu. Nu thay
i thit k trong bng lm ngun d liu v thay i thuc tnh ca cc trng th thuc
tnh ny cng c thay i trong truy vn. Tuy nhin, nu quy nh li cc thuc tnh
cho cc trng trong truy vn th cc thuc tnh ca cc trng trong bng lm ngun d
liu khng thay i.
4. THIT K TRUY VN CHN

4.1. nh ngha truy vn chn
Truy vn chn l loi truy vn c chn la, rt trch d liu t cc bng d liu
tha mn mt hoc nhiu iu kin no . Khi thc hin truy vn chn, Access tc ng
ln d liu v th hin cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin t ra trong mt bng kt qu
gi l Recordset.
4.2. Lp php chn trong truy vn
4.2.1. Chn mt nhm cc bn ghi tha mn mt iu kin no

Mun thc hin cc php chn trong khi th hin truy vn ngi ta thng s dng
cc php ton sau:
Php ton V d ngha
< <#20/10/99# Trc ngy 20/10/99
> >#10/10/98# Sau ngy 10/10/98
>= >= #05/05/90# Sau v trong ngy 05/05/90
<> <>#01/01/99# Khc ngy 01/01/99
= = #10/10/97# Trong ngy 10/10/97
Between .... and Between #1/2/97# and #1/7/97# T ngy 1/2/97 n 1/7/97
...
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu Dslop(Malop, Tenlop, Nganh_hoc, khoahoc)
Dssv(Masv, malop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, giotinh, hocbong)
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c ngaysinh trong khong thi
gian t 05/05/75 n 05/05/79 bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh,
nganh_hoc.
To truy vn chn v a 2 bng dslop v dssv vo tham gia truy vn
a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, nganh_hoc vo vng li QBE
Trong hng Criteria ca trng Ngaysinh: Between #05/05/75# and #05/05/79#
4.2.2. K t thay th
K t * : Thay th mt nhm k t bt k.
K t ? : Thay th 1 k t.
K t [ ] : Thay th cc k t trong ngoc vung.
K t ! : Ph nh.
K t - : T k t n k t.

V d
Cho 2 bng d liu Dslop(Malop, Tenlop, Nganh_hoc, khoahoc)
Dssv(Masv, malop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, giotinh, hocbong)
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c Tenlop bt u l "T" bao
gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, nganh_hoc.
a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, nganh_hoc vo vng li QBE
Trong hng Criteria ca trng Tenlop: Like "T*"
4.2.3. Chn cc bn ghi khng ph hp vi mt gi tr no

Dng ton t Not
V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c Tenlop khng bt u
l "T" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, nganh_hoc.
4.2.4. nh nhiu tiu chun trong la chn

Dng php V v php Hoc trong mt trng
Mun quy nh nhiu tiu chun trong cng mt trng, chng ta phi s dng
ton t AND (v ) cng ton t OR (hoc).
V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l "Nguyn" v

Tn "Thu" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh.

a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh vo vng li QBE

Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "Nguyn *" and "* Thu"
Dng php V v php Hoctrn nhiu trng

V d: To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l "Nguyn" v tn
"Thu" v c qu qun "Hu" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, ngaysinh
Quequan.
a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan vo vng li QBE
Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "Nguyn *" and "* Thu"
Quequan : Hu
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c H l "L" hoc c qu

qun " Nng bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, Ngaysinh, Quequan.
a cc trng Tenlop, hotensv, ngaysinh , Quequanvo vng li QBE
Trong hng Criteria ca trng Hotensv : Like "L *"
Trong hng or ca trng Quequan : Nng

4.2.5. Chn cc bn ghi c cha c gi tr

Chng ta c th chn cc bn ghi c cha hoc khng cha gi tr, chng hn nh
tm nhng sinh vin m khng c s in thoi nh .
Access cung cp 2 php ton
Php ton ngha
IS NULL Trng khng cha gi tr
IS NOT NULL Trng c cha gi tr
V d:
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin khng c hc bng bao
gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, hocbong.
4.2.6. Chn cc bn ghi thuc danh sch cc gi tr no

Chng ta c th s dng php ton IN (Danh sch gi tr)
V d
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin thuc lp "Tin K23" hoc
"Tin K24" hoc "Tin K25" bao gm cc trng: Tenlop, Hotensv, hocbong.
4.2.7. Tham chiu n cc trng khc

Nu trong biu thc chn ca truy vn, cc tnh ton tham chiu n cc trng
phi t trong du [ ], trng hp tham chiu n trng ca bng khc phi ch r bng
ngun ca n. [Tn bng]![Tn trng].
4.2.8. To trng kiu biu thc
V d
Cho 2 bng d liu Dssv( Masv, hotensv, ngaysinh, quequan, gioitinh)
Dsdiem( Masv, mamon, diem_lan1, diem_lan2)
To truy vn hin th cc thng tin: Hotensv, mamon, diem_lan1, diem_lan2, dtb,
trong dtb=(diem_lan1+ diem_lan2*2)/3.
) Ch
Sau khi thc hin truy vn chng ta khng th thay i gi tr trong trng kiu
biu thc, tuy nhin nu thay i gi tr trong trng tham gia biu thc th kt qu trong
trng kiu biu thc cng thay i theo.
4.2.9 .Chn gi tr duy nht
Theo mc nh, access s chn tt c cc bn ghi tho mn iu kin, tuy nhin i
khi c nhiu gi tr ging nhau c lp i lp li, do c ng d liu th chng ta
c th quy nh thuc tnh duy nht trong khi hin th
Thuc tnh Unique-values
Chn Yes: Khng th hin cc gi tr trng nhau
Chn No: Th hin cc gi tr trng nhau
Thuc tnh Unique-Records
Chn Yes: Khng th hin cc bn ghi trng nhau
Chn No: Th hin cc bn ghi trng nhau
4.2.10. Chn cc gi tr u

Khi hin th truy vn i khi chng ta mun hin th mt s bn ghi u tin no

tho mn cc iu kin th s dng thuc tnh Top values.
5. TRUY VN DA TRN NHIU BNG D LIU
to truy vn da trn nhiu bng d liu th cc bng phi c thit lp mi

quan h, nu cc bng khng thit lp mi quan h th khi truy vn d liu access s cho
ra nhng b d liu l tch -Cc gia cc b d liu trong cc bng.
5.1. Lin kt cc bng trong truy vn
Khi cc bng d liu c thit lp mi quan h th trng ni vi nhau gi l
trng lin kt, trong access phn bit 3 loi lin kt sau
5.1.1. Lin kt ni (Inner join)
y l loi lin kt rt ph bin nht gia 2 bng d liu. Trong d liu khi th
hin trn Dynaset s gm nhng bn ghi m d liu cha trong trng lin kt hai bng
phi ging nhau hon ton.
5.1.2. Lin kt ngoi (Outer join)
y l loi lin kt cho php d liu th hin trn Dynaset ca mt trong hai bng
tham gia c ni dung trng lin kt khng ging ni dung trong trng tng ng ca
bng cn li. Lin kt ngoi c chia lm hai loi
Left Outer Join: Trong kiu lin kt ny, d liu bng bn "1" th hin ton b
trn Dynaset v ch nhng bn ghi bn bng "nhiu" c ni dung trong trng lin kt
ging trng tng ng bn bng "1".
Right Outer Join: Trong kiu lin kt ny, d liu bng bn "nhiu" th hin
ton b trn Dynaset v ch nhng bn ghi bn bng "1" c ni dung trong trng lin kt
ging trng tng ng bn bng "nhiu".
5.1.3. T lin kt (Seft join)
L kiu lin kt ca mt bng d liu vi chnh n. Trong mt bn ghi trong
bng d liu s lin kt vi nhng bn ghi khc trong bng d liu . T lin kt c th
hiu nh l lin kt ni hay lin kt ngoi t mt bng vo mt bng sao chnh n.
thc hin vic to t lin kt chng ta phi a mt bng vo tham gia truy vn 2 ln.

5.2.To lin kt ngoi

Mun to lin kt ngoi gia 2 bng d liu ta thc hin
Tools/Relationships
Double click vo ng lin kt gia 2 bng d liu, chn Join Type
Trong hp thoi Join Properties chn mc 2 hoc mc 3.

5.3.To mt t lin kt
to mt t lin kt chng ta thc hin
To truy vn mi v a bng d liu vo truy vn 2 ln
To cc lin kt
V d:
Cho bng Dsdiem(Masv, Hoten, Diem_lan1, Diem_lan2)
To truy vn hin th danh sch nhng sinh vin c im thi Ln 1 bng im
thi ln 2...
To truy vn mi v a bng Dsdiem vo tham gia truy vn 2 ln
To lin kt ni (Inner join) gia 2 trng Masv
To lin kt ni t trng Diem_lan1 vo Diem_lan2
a cc trng vo vng li QBE v xem kt qu
5.3. T ng tm kim d liu (Auto lookup)

Khi nhp d liu vo Dynaset, chc nng t ng tm kim d liu cho php
chng ta ch nhp d liu cc trng ca bng bn "nhiu" ( quan h 1-) cn Acces
s t ng tm kim d liu tng ng trn bng "1" hin th.
Chc nng Auto Lookup hot ng trong cc truy vn m hai bng tham gia c
mi quan h 1-.
To mt truy vn c s dng chc nng Auto Lookup chng ta thc hin:
To truy vn v a 2 bng vo tham gia truy vn
a trng lin kt cu bng bn nhiu vo vng li QBE
a cc trng cn hin th d liu ca bng bn "1".
) Ch : Khi nhp d liu ch nhp d liu cc trng ca bng "nhiu"
6. TNH TNG TRONG TRUY VN CHN
Trong thc t, chng ta thng c nhng cu hi t ra v vic nhm d liu no
, chng hn trong thng 10 cng ty xng du XYZ bn c bao nhiu lt xng, tng
thnh tin bao nhiu?
Trong Access chng ta c th thc hin mt s php tnh ln mt nhm bn ghi
bng cch dng truy vn tnh tng
Mt s php ton thng s dng
Php ton ngha
Sum Tnh tng cc gi tr ca mt trng

Avg Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mt trng
Min Tnh gi tr nh nht ca mt trng
Max Tnh gi tr ln nht ca mt trng
Count m s gi tr khc rng c trong mt trng
First Gi tr ca trng bn ghi u tin trong bng
Last Gi tr ca trng bn ghi cui cng trong bng
Where Gii hn iu kin khi tnh tng
Expression Trng kiu biu thc

) Ch : Khi thc hin truy vn Total, d liu trong bng kt qu ca n trnh by khng
th chnh sa.
6.1. To truy vn tnh tng
To truy vn chn v a cc bng vo tham gia truy vn
Thc hin lnh: View/Totals
Trong vng li QBE:
Ti hng Field chn cc trng
Total chn cc php ton tng ng.
Criteria: Chn iu kin gii hn tnh tng (Nu c)
Lu v thc hin truy vn
6.2. Tnh tng ca tt c cc bn ghi

To truy vn chn.
a cc bng cn thit vo truy vn.
a cc trng cn thit vo vng li QBE
Chn menu View/Totals, dng Total s xut hin trn vng li.
Trong hng total ca mi trng chn phng php tnh tng (Sum, Avg, count...).
V ang tnh tng ca tt c cc bn ghi nn khng c php chn Group by bt k
trng no.
Chuyn sang DataSheet View xem kt qu. (View/ Datasheet View)
V d:
qun l cc mt hng bn ra trong mt ca hng ngi ta s dng 2 bng d
liu nh sau:
Dshang( Mahang, tenhang, dongia)
Dskhach(Mahang, tenkhach, ngaymua, diachi, soluong, thanhtien)

To truy vn thng k xem trong ca hng bn bao nhiu mt hng v trung

bnh n gi ca mi mt hng l bao nhiu?
To truy vn v a bng Dshang vo tham gia truy vn
a 2 trng Mahang v dongia vo vng li QBE.
Chn View/Totals
Trong hng Total ca trng Mahang chn php ton Count
Trong hng Total ca trng Dongia chn php ton Avg
Chn View/Datasheet View xem kt qu.
) Ch : C th m s bn ghi bng cch dng Count(*)
6.3. Tnh tng trn tng nhm bn ghi

Trong nhiu trng hp chng ta c th tnh ton trn mt nhm bn ghi no .
Chng ta quy nh khi thit k truy vn nhng trng no s c tnh theo nhm, trng
no s c tnh tng.
To truy vn
a cc bng tham gia vo truy vn
a cc trng vo vng li
Chn View/Totals
Ti hng total
Chn Group by cho trng lm kha nhm

Chn cc php ton tnh tng ( Sum,count..) cho cc trng cn li

V d:
To mt truy vn tnh tng soluong, thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c l
bao nhiu?
To truy vn v a 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn
Chn View/Totals
a cc trng Tenhang, soluong, thanhtien vo vng li QBE.
Ti hng Total ca trng Tenhang: Chn php ton Group by
Ti hng Total ca trng Soluong, thanhtien: Chn php ton SUM.
Ta c th thay i tiu ct trong khi thc hin truy vn tnh tng nh sau
6.4. Tnh tng trn nhiu nhm bn ghi

Access cho php tnh tng khng ch trn mt m cn nhiu nhm bn ghi.
lm c iu chng ta chn Group by trn nhiu trng v khi thc hin

Access s theo th t t tri sang phi trng bn tri l nhm mc cao hn, trng
k tip theo l nhm mc thp hn.
V d:
To truy vn tnh tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c theo tng nm no
?
Chn View/Totals
a cc trng tenhang, ngaymua, thanhtien vo vng li QBE
Ti hng Total ca trng tenhang chn php ton Group by
Ti hng field ca trng ngayban s dng hm year([ngayban]) v ti hng total
chn php ton Group by.
Ti hng Total ca trng Thanhtien chn php ton Sum.
Thay i tiu ct trong truy vn.
Chn View/ Datasheet View xem kt qu
6.5. Lp biu thc chn cho cc trng dng nhm khi tnh tng
Cng nh vi nhng truy vn khc, chng ta c th lp biu thc chn cho truy
vn tnh tng theo tng nhm.
thc hin cng vic ny, chng ta lp biu thc iu kin ngay hng Criteria
ca trng group by.

V d:
To truy vn tnh tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c trong nm 1999.
Chn View/Totals
a cc trng tenhang, ngaymua, thanhtien vo vng li QBE
Ti hng Total ca trng tenhang chn php ton Group by
Ti hng field ca trng ngayban s dng hm year([ngayban]) v ti hng total
chn php ton Group by.
Ti hng Total ca trng Thanhtien chn php ton Sum.
Ti hng Criteria ca trng ngaymua: g vo gi tr 1999
Thay i tiu ct trong truy vn.
6.6. Lp biu thc chn gii hn nhng bn ghi.

Trong cc phn trc, chng ta bit cch gii hn cc bn ghi trong truy vn
theo mt iu kin no , s gii hn ny gi l gii hn sau khi tnh tng.
By gi chng ta lp biu thc chn gii hn s bn ghi trc khi a vo tnh
tng trong truy vn gi l gii hn trc khi tnh tng .
Cch to
To truy vn mi v a cc bng tham gia vo truy vn

a cc trng vo vng li QBE.

Chn menu View/Total
Thit lp hng Total thnh Where i vi trng chng ta mun dng t biu
thc iu kin gii hn s bn ghi trc khi tnh tng.
G biu thc iu kin ti hng Criteria tng ng.
Chuyn sang ch datasheet view xem kt qu.
V d:
To truy vn tnh tng soluong, thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c i vi
khch mua hng c Queuqan "Hu"
) Ch : Trong a s trng hp, t iu kin lc trc v sau khi tnh tng c gi tr

khc nhau.
6.7. Dng truy vn cp nht bn ghi
Khi truy vn ch da trn mt bng, hochi bng c quan h 1-1 th tt c cc
trng u c th thay i, cp nht. Trong trng hp c nhiu hn hai bng tham gia
truy vn m c quan h 1- th s phc tp hn.
6.7.1. Khi no d liu trong trng c th sa i c
Bng sau y lit k cc trng hp khi no mt trng trong kt qu truy vn hay
trong biu mu c th sa i c.
D liu trong trng c cho php sa i
Loi truy vn hay trung
hay khng?
Truy vn da trn 1 bng C
Truy vn da trn nhiu bng c
C
quan h 1-1

Truy vn da trn nhiu bng c

Thng thng
quan h 1-
Truy vn Tham kho cho Khng
Truy vn tnh tng Khng
Truy vn vi thuc tnh Unique values
Khng
c thit lp thnh Yes
Truy vn hi Khng
Truy vn chuyn nhng Khng
Trng kiu biu thc Khng
Trng trong bn ghi b xo hoc b
kho bi mt ngi khc trong mi trng Khng
nhiu ngi s dng
6.7.1. Chnh sa bn ghi trong truy vn da trn hai bng c quan h 1-
Trong truy vn da trn d liu l hai bng c quan h 1-, chng ta c th sa i
tt c cc trng tr trng lin kt ca bng bn "1". Tuy nhin c hai trng hp m
vn c th sa i d liu trong trng lin kt bn "1" l:
C th sa i d liu trng lin kt bn bng "1" trong trng hp lin kt ngoi
v trng tng ng ca lin kt bn bng "nhiu" khng cha gi tr.
C th sa i d liu trng lin kt bn bng "1" trong trng hp khai bo
thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn.
7. TRUY VN THAM S (Parameter Query)
7.1. Khi nim
Nu thng xuyn chy cng mt truy vn, nhng mi ln mt tiu chun khc
nhau, thay v phi thit k li truy vn sau mi ln thc hin, c th tit kim thi gian
bng cch to truy vn tham s. Khi thc hin loi ny Access s nhc nhp iu kin
chn trong hp thoi enter parameter Value.
V d:

Gi s thng xuyn chy mt truy vn lit k danh sch nhn vin ca mt c

quan no c m c quan nhp vo bt k.
) Ch : Ni dung cc tham s m chng ta nhp vo c th l hng ( s,chui,ngy..)

nhng khng c biu thc.
7.2. To truy vn tham s
To truy vn chn v a cc bng cn thit vo tham gia truy vn.
Ko cc trng cn thit vo vng li QBE.
Ti hng Criteria g vo biu thc c cha tham s vi ch tn tham s phi nm
gia 2 du ngoc vung ( [ ])
Tn tham s cng l chui nhc nh.Access cho php c khong trng v di ti
a 255 k t.
Quy nh kiu d liu cho tham s: Chn queries/ parameter query.
Trong hp thoi query parameters: Trong mc Parameter
chn tham s, trong mc Data type chn kiu d liu tng ng.
V d:
To truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng
mua mt mt hng no (mt hng c nhp bt k t bn phm).
To truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng mua hng c h lt c nhp

t bn phm.

7.3. Truy vn nhiu tham s

C th to truy vn , khi chy truy vn nhp nhiu d liu cho iu kin chn la.
Mun vy to truy vn nhiu tham s.
V d:
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch cc khch hng mua hng trong khong thi
gian no (Thi gian c nhp t bn phm).
To truy vn chn v a cc 2 bng dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn.
Ko cc trng tenhang, tenkhach, ngaymua vo vng li QBE.
Ti hng Criteria ca trng NGAYSINH chn:
Between [T ngy] and [n ngy]
Chn query/Parameter khai bo kiu d liu cho 2 tham s l date/time.
Khi chy truy vn s cho kt qu sau
7.4. Kt hp gia truy vn tham s v truy vn tnh tng

Trong nhiu bi ton qun l ngi ta thng gp nhng yu cu nh: Hy thng

k xem mi loi hng trong mt thng no bn c vi tng s lng l bao nhiu?
Tng thnh tin l bao nhiu? (Thng c nhp t bn phm). V vy trc ht chng ta
phi thc hin truy vn tnh tng xong mi kt hp truy vn tham s.
V d:
Hy to mt truy vn hin th tng thanhtien ca mi mt hng bn c trong
mt nm no (Nm c nhp t bn phm).
To mt truy vn chn, a bng Dshang v dskhach vo tham gia truy vn.
a cc trng tenhang, ngayban, thanhtien vo vng li QBE.
Chn View/Totals
Trong hng Total: Chn Group by i vi trng tenhang, v year([ngayban])
Trong hng Criteria i vi trng Ngaysinh, ta chn tham s sau:
[Nhap vao nam ban hang].
8. TRUY VN THAM KHO CHO (Crosstab query)

8.1. Khi nim
Truy vn tham kho cho l loi truy vn dng tm lc d liu v trnh by kt
qu theo dng nh mt bng tnh. Truy vn tham kho cho cng c th thng k mt
khi lng d liu ln v trnh by n gin hn do thng s dng so snh d
liu.
8.2. To truy vn tham kho cho
Mun to mt truy vn tham kho cho chng ta phi xc nh c 3 yu t
chnh: Trng lm tiu ct ( Duy nht 1 trng), trng lm tiu hng ( C th
nhiu trng), trng tnh gi tr (Duy nht 1 trng).

Cch to
To truy vn chn v a cc bng vo tham gia truy vn
a cc trng vo vng li QBE
Chn Query/Crosstab
Quy nh trng lm tiu ct
Ti hng Total: Bt buc chn php ton Group by
Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Column heading
Quy nh trng lm tiu hng
Ti hng Total: t nht mt trong cc trng phi chn php ton Group by
Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Row heading
Quy nh trng tnh gi tr
Ti hng Total: Chn php ton thch hp
Ti hng Crosstab: Chn Value
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu Dstruong(matruong, tentruong, sodt)
Danhsach(matruong, hoten, ngaysinh, gioitinh, xeploai)
To mt truy vn Crosstab phn nh tng s lng sinh vin xp mi loi ca
trong tng trng bao nhiu.?
To truy vn v a 2 bng d liu vo tham gia truy vn, a cc trng
tentruong v xeploai vo vng li QBE. (Trng Xeploai a vo 2 ln)
Chn Query/ crosstab query
Ti hng Total ca trng tentruong: Chn php ton Group by, hng crosstab:
chn Row heading
Ti hng Total ca trung Xeploai: Chn php ton Group by, hng Crosstab chn
Column heading.
Ti hng Total ca trung Xeploai: Chn php ton Count, hng Crosstab chn
Value.

8.3. nh dng cho tiu ct

Vi truy vn Crosstab, chng ta c th can thip nhiu hn v cch trnh by tiu
ct trong bng. Chng ta c th thay i bng cch t li thuc tnh Column Heading
ca truy vn. Thuc tnh ny cho php chng ta: Ch nh sp xp cc tiu ct.
Mun nh dng tiu ct thc hin cc bc sau:
To truy vn Crosstab.
Chuyn sang ch Design View.
M bng thuc tnh truy vn.
Ti hng Column Heading : G cc tiu ct theo th t m chng ta mun
Cc gi tr ny phi cch nhau bi du chm phy ( ;)
9. TRUY VN HNH NG
9.1. Cc loi truy vn hnh ng

Truy vn hnh ng gip ngi s dng to bng mi hay sa i d liu trong
cc bng. C 4 loi truy vn hnh ng:

Truy vn to bng (Make table query): To bng mi t mt bng hay nhiu bng
tn ti d liu.
Truy vn cp nht (Update query): Dng cp nht d liu cho mt hoc nhiu
trung trong bng d liu.
Truy vn xo (Delete query):Xo cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin t mt hay
nhiu bng d liu.
Truy vn ni (Append query): Ni mt s bn ghi t mt hoc nhiu bng d liu
vo sau mt hoc nhiu bng d liu khc.
9.2. Truy vn to bng
Truy vn to bng s to ra mt bng mi bng cch rt cc bn ghi tho mn cc
iu kin no .
Cch to truy vn
to truy vn to bng chng ta to truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy
vn. a cc trng vo vng li QBE
Chn query/ make table query
Trong mc Table name: t tn mi cho bng mun to.
Chn Current Database: CSDL hin thi
Another Database: To bng trong CSDL khc.
Chn cc iu kin (Nu c).
9.3. Truy vn xo
Truy vn xo gip chng ta loi b cc bn ghi tho mn mt s iu kin no
Cch to truy vn
to truy vn xo chng ta to truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy vn.
Chn query/ Delete query
Trong vng li QBE ti hng Field chn cc trng cn so snh vi iu kin xo
Ti hng Delete: Chn php ton Where
Ti hng Criteria: Chn iu kin xo
V d:
To truy vn xo nhng sinh vin c matruong l "SP"

9.3. Truy vn cp nht

Truy vn ny dng cp nht gi tr hoc sa i gi tr ca cc trng trong
bng d liu.
Cch to truy vn
To mt truy vn chn v a bng vo tham gia truy vn
Chn Query/Update query
Ti hng Field: Chn trng cn cp nht d liu
Ti hng Update to: Chn Biu thc cn tnh gi tr
Ti hng Criteria: Chn iu kin (nu c).
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu Dsphong(tenphong, dongia)
Dskhachtro (tenphong, ngayden, ngaydi, thanhtien)
To truy vn cp nht gi tr cho trng Thanhtien=(ngaydi-ngayden)*dongia
9.4. Truy vn ni d liu

Truy vn ni d liu dng ni d liu t mt bng ny vo sau mt bng khc.
Cch to truy vn
To truy vn chn v a bng d liu vo ni vi bng khc tham gia truy vn.
Chn Queries/Append query
Trong mc Table name: Chn bng cn ni vo v chn OK.

Chn Current Database: CSDL hin thi

Another Database: To bng trong CSDL khc.
Trong vng li QBE ca truy vn ti hng Field:
a cc trng ca bng gc vo.
Trong hng Append to: a cc trng tng ng ca bng cn ni v t iu
kin nu cn thit.
) Ch
Trong truy vn ni d liu th cc trng c ni vi nhau tng ng phi cng
kiu d liu. Nu cc trng tng ng khng c cng kiu d liu th s khng c ni.
Nu cc trng c Field size khng ph hp th tu theo vic ni d liu m s ct bt
hoc thm vo k t trng.

Ch ng 4 NGN NG SQL
1. GII THIU V NGN NG SQL

SQL l mt ngn ng dng truy xut d liu, cp nht, thay i v qun l cc
CSDL quan h.
Khi to mt truy vn th ACCESS t ng xy dng cc cu lnh SQL tng ng.

Mt s truy vn ca ngn ng SQL nh sau:
Truy vn hi (Union Query)
Truy vn chuyn nhng (pass through Query)
Truy vn nh ngha d liu (Data Definition Query)
Truy vn con (Sub Query)
) Ch
Trong SQL mi cu lnh c th c vit trn nhiu hng v kt thc mi cu
lnh l du chm phy (;)
2. SQL X L TRN BNG D LIU
2.1. To bng mi
C php
Create table <Table name>(<Field1> <Type>[(Size)][, <Field2>
<Type>[(Size)]..........
[Constraint < Primary key name> primary key <Fieldname key>]
[Constraint <Index name> Unique <Field name Index>]
Chc nng: To cu trc ca mt bng mi.
Gii thch chc nng cc tham s
Table name: Tn bng cn to
Fieldname1, Fieldname2....: Cc trng trong bng cn to, ti thiu 1 trng.
Type: Cc kiu d liu tng ng.
Size : Kch thc ca trng
Primary key name : Tn kho chnh

Fieldname key : Trng lm kho chnh

Index name : Tn ch mc
Fieldname Index : Trung lm ch mc
Constraint........Primary key : Dng thit lp kho chnh
Constraint........ Unique: Thit lp ch mc (Khng trng nhau)
) Ch : i vi cc kiu d liu khi s dng trong SQL
Kiu d liu chun Khai bo tng ng trong SQL
Text Text(Size)
Byte Byte
Integer Short
Long Integer Long
Single Single
Double Double
Date/Time Datetime
Yes/No Yesno
OLE Object OLE Object
Currency, Memo, Counter Currency, Memo, Counter
V d : To bng DSTRUONG c cu trc sau

Fieldname Data Type size
Matruong Text 2
Tenruong Text 20
SODT Text 9
Create table dstruong(matruong text(2), tentruong text(20), Sodt text(9));
V d To bng DSHOCVIEN c cu trc sau
Mahv Text 4 (Kho chnh)
Tenhv Text 30
Ngaysinh Date/time

SODT Text 9 (Lp ch mc)

Create table dshocvien(mahv text(4), tenhv text(30), ngaysinh Datetime, sodt text(9),
Constraint khoa primary key (mahv), Constraint chimuc unique (sodt));
) Ch : Nu tn trung c k t trng hoc tn bng, tn kho chnh, tn ch mc th
phi t trong cp du [...]
V d
Create table [Bang NV] ([Ma nv] text(2), [ ho va ten] text(30));
2.2. Thay i cu trc ca bng
2.2.1.Thm hoc loi b trng
C php
Alter table <Table name>[ add column <fieldname><type>]
[Drop column <Field name>]
[Add Constraint <Index name> unique <fieldname>]
[Drop Constraint <Index name>]
Chc nng:Thay i cu trc ca bng
Gii thch:
ADD Column..: Thm trng vo bng
Drop column..: Loi b trng ra khi bng
Add Constraint.....: Thm tn ch mc
Drop Constraint...... Loi b tn ch mc
V d: Gi s tn ti bng MATHANG cu trc sau
MAHANG Text 4
TENHANG Text 20
GIA Integer
MAXN Text 2
Ngaynhap Date/time
Thm trng SOLUONG c kiu byte vo bng MATHANG
Alter Table mathang soluong byte;

V d : Thm ch mc c ten cmx cho trng MAXN

Alter table mathang add constraint cmx unique Maxn
V d : Loi b ch mc cmx
Alter table mathang drop constraint cmx
V d : Loi b trng ngaynhap ra khi bng MATHANG
Alter table mathang drop column ngaynhap
2.2.2. Loi b ch mc
C php
Drop Index <Index name> on <Table name>
Chc nng: Loi b 1 ch mc no .
2.3. Xo bng
C php
Drop table <Table name>
Chc nng: Xo bng d liu no .
V d: Xo bng MATHANG
Drop table MATHANG
3. SQL X L TRN TRUY VN
3.1.Truy vn chn (Select query)
C php
Select <Scope> <Fieldname1> [AS <New name>].........
From <Table name>
[Where <Condition>]
Chc nng: To truy vn chn
Trong :
Scope: Phm vi (Mc nh l ALL, Top n: Ly n bn ghi u tin)
Nu c AS <New name> th s thay th tn cho Fieldname tng ng.
Table name: Tn bng cn ly d liu.
Condition: iu kin hn ch d liu.
V d: Cho bng d liu DOCGIA sau

Fieldname Data Type Size Description

MADG Text 2 M c gi (Kho chnh)
MASACH Text 4
HOTEN Text 30
QUEQUAN Text 30
NGAYSINH Date/time 8
NGAYMUON Date/time 8
Chn 2 trung MADG v HOTEN
Select MADG, hoten
From docgia;
Chn 2 trng Masach v hoten m ch nhng masach bt u l T
Select MADG, hoten
From docgia where masach like T*;
Chn Hoten, quequan, madg cho nhng c gi c qu qun Hu v i tn
trng hoten thnh H v tn
Select hoten AS [H v tn], queuqan, madg
From docgia where quequan=Hu;
Chn nhng c gi mn sch trong thng 8 hoc nm 1999.
Select * from docgia where month([ngaymuon])=8 or year([ngaymuon])=1999;
3.2. Truy vn tnh tng (Total query)
C php
Select ..........from.......[where < Condition>]
Group by [Group fieldname]
[Having <Group Condition>];
Chc nng: To mt truy vn tnh tng.
V d: Cho bng d liu BANHANG c cu trc
Fieldname Data type size
Mahang text 2
Soluong integer

Ngayban Date/time 8
To mt truy vn thng k xem mi loi hng bn c vi s lng l bao nhiu?
Select mahang, sum([soluong])
From banhang
Group by mahang;
To truy vn thng k xem mi loi hng trong thng 7 bn c vi s lng bao
nhiu? Ch hin th nhng loi hng m s lng bn trn 20.
Select mahang, sum([soluong])
From banhang
where month([ngayban])=7
Group by mahang
having sum([soluong])>20;
3. 3.Truy vn tham kho cho
C php
Transform <Value Express>
Select......From.......Where.......
Group by <Row Heading Field>
Pivot <Column heading Field>
Chc nng: To truy vn tham kho cho
V d
Transform sum([soluong])
select Mahang, tenhang, sum([soluong]) from dskhang
Group by tenhang
Pivot Mahang;
3.4. Truy vn to bng
C php
Select <Field select> into <New Table name)
From <Old Table name>
[Where <Condition>]

Chc nng: To mt truy vn to bng

V d
Select Mahang, tenhang into Luu
From Dskhang
Where Mahang Like A*;
3.5. Truy vn ni d liu

C php
Insert into <append Table name>
Select <field select>
From <Table name>
[Where <Condition>]
Chc nng: To truy vn ni d liu
Nu ch thm 1 bn ghi vi cc gi tr c th th ta thc hin cu lnh
Insert into <Table name and Field list>
values <append values>
V d:
Insert into luu1(Hoten, quequan)
Values (Nguyen an, Hue)
3.6. Truy vn cp nht d liu
C php
Update <Update Table name>
Set <Field name>=<Express>
[Where <Condition>]
Chc nng: To mt truy vn dng cp nht d liu
V d:
Update dssv
set [hocbong]=[hocbong]+200000
Where Uutien=1;

3.7. Truy vn xo
C php
Delete <Table.*>
From <Delete Table name>
[Where <Condition>]
Chc nng: Dng to mt truy vn xo cc bn ghi trong bng theo mt hoc
nhiu iu kin no .
) Ch : nu mnh From ch c 1 bng duy nht th khng cn lit k cc bng trong
mnh DELETE.
V d:
C 2 bng d liu DSHS v DSDTHI c quan h 1-1 trn trng MAHS. Hy xo
nhng hc sinh c im thi <5 trong bng DSHS v DSDTHI.
Delete DSHS.*
From DSHS INNER JOIN DSDTHI ON DSHS.MAHS=DSDTHI.MAHS
Where diem<5.;
3.8. To mi quan h gia cc bng
Mun to mt truy vn truy xut d liu t 2 hay nhiu bng th phi to cc
mi quan h gia cc bng .
C php
........ From <Table name 1> inner join <Table name 2> ON <Table name 1>.<Field
name1>=<Table name 2>.<Field name 2>.........
Hoc
.........From <Table name 1> Left join/ Right join <Table name 2> ON <Table name
1>.<Field name1>=<Table name 2>.<Field name 2>...........
V d:
To truy vn gm : Matruong, tentruong, hoten t 2 bng Dstruong v DSHS da
vo trng lin kt Matruong.
Select Matruong, tentruong, hoten From Dstruong inner join dshs on
Dstruong.matruong=dshs.matruong;

V d:
Cho 3 bng d liu Dstruong( Matruong, tentruong)
Dskhoa(Matruong, tenkhoa, Makhoa)
DSSV(Makhoa, Hoten, Ngaysinh, quequan)
To mt truy vn hin th danh sch sinh vin thuc mi khoa ca mi trng
Select Distinctrow
Matruong, tentruong, tenkhoa, hoten
From Dstruong inner join (Dskhoa inner join DSSV ON Dskhoa.Makhoa=DSSV.Makhoa)
ON Dstruong.Matruong=Dskhoa.Matruong;
) Ch
C th s dng lin kt ngoi tri Left join hoc phi Right join
3.9. Truy vn con (Sub query)
Truy vn con l mt mnh Select.....From........Wheres c lng ghp vo mt
trong cc mnh sau:
Select.......From......Where
Select.......Into................
Insert........Into................
Delete.........
Update.........
C php
Select...........From...........Where.......
<Biu thc so snh> ANY|SOME|ALL <Mnh truy vn con>
<Biu thc tm kim> IN | NOT IN <Mnh truy vn con>
EXIST | NOT EXISTS <Mnh truy vn con>;
Chc nng: To mt truy vn con
Gii thch cc tham s
<Biu thc so snh>: L mt biu thc v mt php ton so snh.
<Biu thc tm kim>: L mt biu thc m tp hp kt qu ca truy vn con s
c tm kim.

<Mnh truy vn con>: L dng mnh trong c php v t gia hai du ( ).

ANY, SOME: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh tho mn iu kin so snh vi bt
k hoc mt vi cc bn ghi no truy xut c t truy vn con.
ALL: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh tho mn vi iu kin so snh vi tt c
bn ghi no truy xut c t truy vn con.
IN: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh m c tn ti mt vi bn ghi trong truy vn
con c gi tr bng n.
NOT IN: Cc bn ghi trong truy vn chnh m khng tn ti mt vi bn ghi trong
truy vn con c gi tr bng n.
EXISTS (NOT EXISTS): Php so snh True/ False xc nh nhn truy vn con
c kt qu l bn ghi no khng.
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu KHO(Mahang, Tenhang, Dongia)
NKBAN (Mahang, Hoten, Ngaymua, Giamgia, Dongia)
Tm tt c nhng mt hng m n gi ln hn vi mt hng c bn vi
Giamgia l 20%.
Select * From Kho
Where dongia> ANY (select dongia From NKBAN Where giamgia=20%);
Tm nhng mt hng bn ra vi gim gi >=10%.
Select * from Kho
Where Mahang IN (Select mahang From NKBAN Where giamgia>=0.1);
V d:
Cho 2 bng danh sch DSKH(MAKHACH, HOTEN, QUEQUAN, SDT)
DATHANG(MAKHACH, SOLUONG, NGAYDAT)
Tm nhng ngi khch t hng trc 10/10/99 bao gm Hoten, Quequan.
Select Hoten, quequan From DSKH
Where Makhach IN (Select makhach from DATHANG Where NGAYDAT<=#10/10/99#;.
3.10. Truy vn hi (Union Query)

Dng ni (Kt hp) d liu cc trng tng ng t 2 hay nhiu bng hoc truy
vn vo trng.
C php: Select .........From.........Where......
UNION | UNION ALL
Select...........
Chc nng: To truy vn hi
Gii thch:
UNION: Khng mun cc bn ghi trng nhau hin th
UNION ALL: Hin th cc bn ghi trng nhau
V d:
Cho 2 bng d liu DHSVIEN( Hoten, Lop, Matruong, Diachi)
CDHSVIEN( Hoten, Lop, Matruong, Diachi)
S dng truy vn hi lit k Hoten, Lop, Matruong ca sinh vin 2 h (a hc,
Cao ng).
Select Hoten, Lop, Matruong from DHSVIEN
UNION Select Hoten, Lop, Matruong from DHSVIEN
Lit k Hoten, Lop ca nhng sinh vin 2 h v c qu qun Hu
Select Hoten, Lop from DHSVIEN
UNION Select Hoten, Lopfrom DHSVIEN Where Diachi=Hu;

Ch ng 5 BIU MU
T trc n nay chng ta vn lm vic mt cch n iu vi cc bng, truy vn

vi cch trnh by d liu hiu qu nhng khng p mt. Vi biu mu (form) trong
Access s gip chng ta khc phc iu ny. Biu mu trong Access rt linh ng, chng
ta c th dng biu mu nhp, xem, hiu chnh d liu. Hoc l dng biu mu to
ra cc bng chn cng vic lm cho cng vic ca chng ta thun li v khoa hc hn.
Hoc dng biu mu to ra cc hp thoi nhm thit lp cc ty chn cho cng vic
qun l ca mnh.
1. KHI NIM V BIU MU
Nu chng ta quen in cc t biu, mu trong cuc sng hng ngy th chng

ta c th hnh dung mt biu mu trong Access cng vy. Mt biu mu trong Access
nh ngha mt tp d liu chng ta mun ly v t a vo CSDL. Cng vy biu
mu cng c th dng xem xt d liu hay in ra my in.
Trong mi trng ca H QTCSDL Access chng ta c th thit k cc biu mu

c hnh thc trnh by p, d s dng v th hin ng cc thng tin cn thit. Chng ta
c th a vo biu mu cc i tng nh vn bn, hnh nh, ng v kt hp vi cc
mu sc sao cho biu mu ca chng ta t c ni dung v hnh thc trnh by ng
nht. Hnh thc v cch b tr cc i tng ra sao trn biu mu hon ton ty thuc vo
kh nng thm m v ng khiu trnh by ca chng ta.
2. TC DNG V KT CU CA BIU MU
2.1.Tc dng ca biu mu
Biu mu cung cp mt kh nng thun li hin th d liu. Chng ta c th

xem mi thng tin ca mt bn ghi thay v ch Datasheet ngho nn trc y bng
ch Form View, mt phng cch tin tin hn.

S dng biu mu tng kh nng nhp d liu, tit kim thi gian v ngn nga
cc li do nh sai. Chng hn thay v g vo cc gi tr ca tt c cc trng chng ta c
th to nhng danh sch (gi l combo box) chn trn biu mu (y l phng cch
p dng rt hiu qu trnh nh sai d liu).
Biu mu cung cp mt hnh thc trnh by ht sc tin nghi xem, nhp v hiu
ch cc bn ghi trong CSDL. Access cung cp cc cng c thit k biu mu h tr rt c
lc cho chng ta trong vic thit k nhng biu mu d s dng m li c th tn dng
c cc kh nng:
Hnh thc th hin d liu p, trnh by li cun vi cc kiu font v hiu ng

ha c bit khc ...
Quen thuc vi ngi s dng v n ging cc biu mu trn giy thng thng.
C th tnh ton c.
C th cha c biu .
C th hin th d liu t nhiu bng (hoc truy vn)
T ng ha mt s thao tc phi lm thng xuyn.
2.2. Kt cu ca biu mu
Cc thng tin trn biu mu c th ly d liu t mt bng hay truy vn no ,

nhng cng c th c lp i vi c bng ln truy vn, chng hn nh cc i tng
ha. Dng v trnh by ca biu mu c thc hin trong qu trnh thit k.
Tt c cc thng tin th hin trn biu mu c cha trong nhng i tng gi l

iu khin (control). iu khin c th dng th hin d liu hoc thc hin cc hng
ng hoc trang tr cho biu mu.
Mt s iu khin c buc vo vi cc trng ca bng hay truy vn, gi l

bng c s hay truy vn c s. Do chng ta c th dng biu mu nhp d liu vo

cc trng hay ly d liu t cc trng ra xem. V d dng Text box nhp hay
hin th chui v s, dng Object frame th hin hnh nh.
Mt s iu khin khc trnh by thng tin c lu tr trong thit k bng. V d

dng Label (nhn) th hin thng tin c tnh cht m t; ng v cc hnh khi t
chc d liu v lm biu mu c hnh thc hp dn hn.
3. TO BIU MU
3.1. To biu mu t ng vi Autoform
Access cung cp chc nng Autoform cho php chng ta to biu mu da trn cc
bng hoc truy vn c xy dng trc .
Cch to
Trong ca s Database, chn form, chn New
Trong mc Choose the table or query Where
the object's data comes from:
Chn bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho form.
Chn Autoform Columnar: Nu mun to lp biu mu dng ct, trong mi
trng trong bng hay truy vn l mt dng.
Chn Autoform Tabular: Nu mun to lp biu mu dng hng, trong mi
trng trong bng hay truy vn l mt ct v mt bn ghi trong mt dng.
Chn Autoform Datasheet: Nu mun to lp biu mu theo dng bng, trong
mi ct tng ng mt trng v mi dng l mt bn ghi.
Chn OK.
V d
Cho bng Danhsach( Tenphong, hoten, ngayden, ngaydi, thanhtien)
Hy thit k biu mu da trn chc nng Autoform s dng bng Danhsach lm
ngun d liu.

Biu mu dng Autoform Columnar Biu mu dng Autoform tabular
Biu mu dng Autoform Datasheet

3.2. To biu mu s dng Wizard
To biu mu s dng cng c Autoform
th Access khng cho php ngi s dng can thip
vo qu trnh to biu mu, chng hn nh hn ch s trng..... th Form Wizard cho
php ngi s dng can thip vo qu trnh to biu mu.
Cch to
Trong ca s Database chn Form, chn New
Trong mc Choose the table or query Where
the object's data comes from:
Chn bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho form.
Chn Form Wizard
Chn OK
Trong mc Avaiable Field: Chn cc trng a
vo biu mu, nhn nt >>
Chn nt Next.
Chn Columnar : Biu mu hin th theo dng ct
Tabular : Biu mu hin th theo dng hng
Datasheet : Biu mu hin th theo dng bng
Justified : Biu mu hin bnh thng (u).
Chn Next
Chn loi biu mu
Chn Next
t tiu cho Form

Chn Open the form to view or

enter information: Nu mun m Form sau khi chn Finish.
Chn Modify the forms design: Nu mun form dng thit k.
Chn Finish .
Lu form.
3.3. To biu mu khng s dng Wizard (Do ngi s dng t thit k)

To biu mu s dng cng c Autoform v Form wizard ngi s dng c th
nhanh chng thit k cc biu mu nh vo cc c tnh h tr ca Access. Nhng i vi
hai cch trn ch cung cp mt s hn ch cc phng n xy dng biu mu m khng
tho mn yu cu ca ngi s dng khi mun thit k biu mu teho ca ring mnh.
Do ngi s dng phi t thit k mt biu mu khng cn s h tr ca Access.
Cch to
Trong ca s Database chn Form, chn New
Chn bng d liu hoc truy vn lm ngun
d liu cho form, chn OK
Xy dng cc iu khin cho biu mu
(a cc trng trong bng d liu vo biu mu).
Thit lp cc thuc tnh cho cc iu khin.
Lu biu mu.
4. CC CH HIN TH V CC THNH PHN CA BIU MU

4.1. Cc ch hin th
C 4 ch hin th ca biu mu
4.1.1.Ch Design View
Dng to biu mu mi hay thay i cu trc ca mt biu mu tn ti.
Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ chn Design ( C

th click chut phi ri chn Design).

Khi ang ch Form view: Chn View/ Form Design
4.1.2. Ch Form View
Dng nhp, thay i v xem d liu. Trong ch Form View ngi s dng
c th xem tt c cc trng ca mt bn ghi ti mt thi im.
Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ chn Open ( C th
click chut phi ri chn Open).
Khi ang ch Design view: Chn View/ Form View.
4.1.3. Ch hin th biu mu di dng bng (Datasheet View)
Dng nhp, thay i v xem d liu trong biu mu theo dng bng biu.
m ch hin th dng Datasheet View chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Khi ang ch Design View: Chn View/Datasheet.
Khi ang ch Form View: Chn View/ Datasheet View.
4.1.4. Ch hin th Print Preview
Dng xem biu mu trc khi quyt nh in n. Trong ch Print Preview s
duy tr hnh dng trnh by d liu c thit k trc .
Khi ang trong ca s Database: Chn form /chn tn form/ Chn File/Print
Preview.
4.2. Cc thnh phn biu mu trong ch Design View
Khi mun thit k biu mu th ngi s dng phi lm vic trong ch d Design
View khi biu mu c cc thnh phn chnh sau:
Thc(Ruler): iu chnh kch thc ca cc iu khin.
Tiu form (form header):S dng trnh by tiu ca form, tiu form
lun c trnh by phn trn cng, u tin ca biu mu v trang in biu mu.
Chn form (Form Footer): S dng trnh by chn ca form, chn form lun
c trnh by phn di cng, xut hin cui biu mu v trang in biu mu.
Tiu trang (Page header): S dng cha tiu trang
Chn trang (Page footer): S dng cha chn trang nhng xut hin phn
trc ca Form footer trong trang biu mu in.

) Ch
Page header v Page footer ch xut hin trong trang biu mu in nn chng khng
c nhng tnh cht thng thng nh Form header v Form footer.
Chn View/ Page header/ footer (Nu 2 thnh phn ny cha xut hin trn biu
mu).
Chi tit form (Detail): y l phn rt quan trng cha cc iu khin nhm trnh
by cc dng d liu t cc bng d liu hoc cc truy vn. Cc loi iu khin c th l
iu khin buc, khng buc hoc tnh ton.
5. CC LOI IU KHIN
Tt c thng tin trn biu mu c cha trong nhng i tng gi l iu khin
(Control). iu khin c th dng th hin d liu, thc hin cc hnh ng hoc thit
k biu mu p mt. Trong ACCESS h thng nh ngha mt s loi iu khin nh
sau:
iu khin nhn (Label).
iu khin hp vn bn (Text box).
iu khin nhm la chn (Option group).
iu khin loi hp Combo (Combo box) v hp danh sch (List Box).
Ngoi ra cn c mt s iu khin khc nh command button.....
Khi to lp iu khin, chng ta thung xc nh hnh thc d liu trnh by trong

chng. C nhng iu khin ly d liu tu cc trng trong bng hay truy vn, c iu
khin ch dng vo mc ch trang tr, lm tiu , c nhng iu khin ly d liu t mt
biu thc no . V vy ngi ta phn ra thnh ba nhm iu khin chnh:
iu khin buc ( Bound control)
iu khin khng buc ( Unbound control)
iu khin tnh ton ( Caculated control)
5.1. iu khin b buc (bound), khng buc (unbound) v tnh ton c

(calculated).

Khi to mt iu khin trong biu mu th phi xc nh n ly d liu t ngun

no th hin.
V d
To mt iu khin loi hp vn bn (Text box) hin th tn cc mt hng,
chng ta phi ch nh cho iu khin ly d liu trong trng TEN_HANG ca bng
MAT_HANG. Hp vn bn ny gi l b buc.
iu khin cng c th th hin nhng thng tin khng c trong CSDL (Khng b
buc).
V d: To tiu cho biu mu...
Tm li
iu khin b buc (Bound Control) l iu khin m ngun d liu ca n ly t
mt trng trong bng hoc truy vn Trong biu mu dng iu khin buc vo cc
trng hin th ni dung hoc cp nht cc trng ca CSDL, cc gi tr cp nht c
th l: Vn bn, Date,Num ber, yes/No, Picture, chart trong dng vn bn l ph bin
nht.
iu khin khng b buc (Unbound Control) l iu khin khng ly d liu t
mt ngun no c l iu khin khng b buc. Dng iu khin khng buc trnh by
thng tin khng c trong cc bng hay rt c t truy vn.
iu khin tnh ton (Calculated Control) l iu khin m ngun d liu ca n
khng phi l mt trng m l mt biu thc gi l iu khin tnh ton (Calculated
Control). Chng ta qui nh gi tr xut hin trong iu khin bng cch lp biu thc cho
n. Biu thc ny l ngun d liu ca iu khin .Trong biu thc c th dng cc ton
t (+, -,=...) vi tn iu khin.
V d: To mt iu khin THANHTIEN=SOLUONG*DONGIA
5.2. To iu khin loi hp vn bn ( text box)
Text box c th l mt iu khin b buc, khng buc hoc tnh ton.

To hp vn bn b buc (Bound Text box).
Chng ta buc iu khin Text box vo mt trng bng cch ch nh iu khin
ly d liu trn trng no. Chn trng buc vo iu khin bng cch Click biu

tng Field List m danh sch cc trng ca bng hay truy vn lm nn tng cho biu
mu. Theo mc nh nh vy th h thng s to mt iu khin loi Text box.
Mt cch khc dng hp dng c Toolbox to iu khin v sau g tn
trng mun buc vo hp vn bn.
M hp danh sch trng
M biu mu trong ch Design (To biu mu trc).
Trong ca s Database Chn Form/New (Cn bng hoc truy vn lm nn cho biu mu).
Chn View/Field List hoc click vo biu tng Field List trn thanh cng c).
To mt Text Box b buc
T danh sch trng chn mt hoc

nhiu trng ko v a vo biu mu.
5.3. To mt iu khin khc dng hp cng c
Dng hp cng c (Toolbox) to nhng
iu khin khng buc (Unboud control) hoc tnh ton. c bit dng cc tnh nng
ca hp ny to nhng iu khin b buc khc ngoi buc khc ngoi (Text box).
bt hp cng c ta chn View/Toolbars.
To iu khin dng hp cng c
Click vo biu tng cng c tung ng vi iu khin mun to.
To iu khin b buc bng cch chn mt trng trong danh sch trng (Field
List) v ko vo biu mu.
Hoc to iu khin khng buc hay dng tnh ton bng cch click vo mt v
tr trn biu mu.
To iu khin dng tnh ton
Nu mun trnh by kt qu ca mt php ton trong biu mu, khai bo ngun d
liu ca iu khin l mt biu thc. Sau ny mi ln m biu mu, ACCESS tnh ton li
kt qu ca vng d liu c cp nht mi nht t cc bng.
To iu khin nhn (Label Control)

Mun trnh by mt chui k t trn biu mu nh lm tiu ... chng ta dng

loi iu khin gi l iu khin nhn (label control). Nhn khng th hin d liu ca
mt trng hay biu thc no , chng lun lun l khng b buc.
Click vo biu tng Label trong Toolbox
Click v tr mun t nhn trn biu mu.
Thay i cc thuc tnh ca iu khin.
Sau khi to biu mu, bin i mt s thuc tnh ca iu khin c th hon thin
thm v thit k v hnh thc trnh by ca s liu.
Nhp kp vo iu khin.
Trong hp la chn trn u bng thuc tnh, chn mt lp thch hp lm vic.
All Properties: Trnh by tt c cc thuc tnh ca iu khin
Data Properties: n nh cc c tnh th hin d liu trong iu khin nh gi tr
mc nhin, nh dng s.
Even Properties: Qui nh mt tp lnh (Macro) hay th tc (Procedure)..
Layout Properties: nh ngha cc hnh thc ca iu khin nh cao, rng.
Other Properties: Mt s thuc tnh khc nh tn iu khin, thng tin m t
dng trng thi.
Click chn mt trong cc thuc tnh ca bng thc hin.
5.4. Thit lp mt s thuc tnh b sung
5.4.1. Cc thuc tnh h tr nhp liu

Thuc tnh Default value: Gn gi tr mc nh vo ni dung trnh by trong iu
khin.
Thuc tnh ValidationRule v ValidationRule Text: Kim tra tnh hp l khi
nhp d liu cho mt iu khin v thng bo li nu d liu khng hp l
5.4.2. Cc thuc tnh ging l
Thuc tnh General: Ging hng vn bn theo l tri, d liu s v ngy thng
theo l phi.
Thuc tnh Left: Ging hng vn bn theo l tri.

Thuc tnh Center: Xc lp hng vn bn chnh gia.

Thuc tnh Center: Ging hng vn bn theo l phi.
5.4.3. Cc thuc tnh mu sc
Thuc tnh Backcolor: Thit lp mu nn cho iu khin hay cho biu mu
Thuc tnh Forecolor: Thit lp mu cho hng ch trong iu khin.
Thuc tnh Bodercolor: Thit lp mu cho khung bao quanh trong iu khin.
5.4.3. Cc thuc tnh khung bao
Thuc tnh BoderStyle:Thit lp loi khung cho iu khin

Thuc tnh BoderWidth: Thit lp dy hay m ca khung bao.
Thuc tnh BoderColor: Thit lp mu ca khung bao.
6. NNG CP BIU MU
Access cung cp nhiu loi iu khin lm cho biu mu d s dng v c nhiu
hiu ng tt. C th thay th mt Textbox vi mt List box hay Combo box chn t
cc gi tr c sn thay v buc ngi s dng phi nh nhp gi tr vo.
6.1. Dng iu khin List box v Combo box to danh sch chn la.
Trong nhiu trng hp, chn mt danh sch c sn thng tin li hn phi nh
g vo t bn phm. Access cung cp hai kh nng iu khin to danh sch chn la:
List box v Combo box.
List box n gin l mt danh sch chn, combo box tng t nh mt text box
v mt combo box kt hp vo mt iu khin, c ngha l c th g thng gi tr vo text
box hay chn t mt danh sch c sn.
u im ca List box: Danh sch lun c th hin v ngi dng ch c
php chn trong danh sch, do d liu nhp lun lun l hp l.
u im ca Combo box: Danh sch khng c th hin cho n khi ngi
dng m hp iu khin, do t tn ch trn biu mu hn.
6.2. To List box v Combo box khng s dng Wizard
Tt chc nng Control Wizard trong menu View hoc trong thanh cng c.

Click biu tng List box hoc Combo box trong hp cng c.
To iu khin buc bng cch click biu tng Field list trn thanh cng c
m danh sch trng lm nn cho biu mu. Chn mt trng trong danh sch ko vo
biu mu, hoc to iu khin khng buc bng cch click biu mu ni mun t iu
khin.
Lp cc thuc tnh ca iu khin nh ngha cc hng dng lm chn la trong
danh sch.
Mun danh sch th Lp thuc tnh Row Source Type Lp Row Source thnh
hin thnh
Cc hng t mt bng Tn ca bng hay truy
hay truy vn Table/Query (Default) vn
Cc hng ly t lnh
Select ca SQL Table/Query (Default) Mt cu lnh SQL
Mt danh sch vi cc Danh sch cc gi tr
gi tr do ngi dng t Value List phn cch nhau bi du
t chm phy
Tn cc trng trong mt Tn ca bng hoc truy
bng hoc truy vn Field List vn
Cc gi tr nh ngha bi
mt hm trong Access Tn hm xy dng trng
Basic
6.2.1. nh ngha cc hng trong danh sch

nh ngha ngun d liu hnh thnh cc hng dng lm trong danh sch la
chn trong List box v Combo box bng cch lp thuc tnh thch hp cho RowSource
Type v RowSource ca iu khin, hai thuc tnh ny phi hp vi nhau to nn cc
hng trong danh sch.
Thuc tnh RowSource Type cho bit danh sch s hnh thnh t ngun d liu
loi no, thuc tnh RowSource l thuc tnh xc nh ngun d liu ca danh sch.
6.2.2. Danh sch ly d liu t bng hay truy vn
C th to List box hay Combo box ly d liu t mt hoc nhiu trng trong
bng ( hoc truy vn) lp thnh danh sch chn la cho iu khin. Thc hin iu ny
bng cch t thuc tnh RowSource Type thnh Table/Query v RowSource thnh tn
bng hay tn truy vn c cha d liu lp thnh danh sch .
6.2.3. To danh sch nhiu ct
C th to danh sch gm hai hay nhiu ct c thm thng tin la chn. Xc
nh s ct bng cch lp thuc tnh Columcount v ColumnWidth cho iu khin. Thuc
tnh columcount quy nh s ct v nu trong RowSource l tn mt bng hay truy vn th
cc trng u tin tng ng s ct ca bng hay truy vn (tnh t tri sang phi) s
c a vo danh sch. Thuc tnh columnwidth quy nh b rng mi ct tnh theo inch
hay cm.
6.2.4. S dng danh sch gi tr
Trng hp iu khin ch c mt s nh chn la v cc gi tr ny khng thay
i, c th dng phng php n gin l danh sch gi tr. Danh sch ny chng ta t lp
bng cch a cc gi tr dng lm chn la vo thuc tnh RowSource ca iu khin.
S dng du chm phy phn cch cc mc chn la ca danh sch.
6.3. S dng hp kim tra (check box), nt chn la (Option button), nt bt
tt (Toggle button).
Hp kim tra, nt chn la, nt bt tt thng c s dng nh cc iu khin
c lp nhn cc chn la Yes/No. Cc iu khin ny thc cht ch khc nhau v hnh
thc, do chng ta c th s dng bt c nt no.

Khi c chn iu khin ny biu din tr Yes ( hay True), trng thi khng chn th
nhn gi n No ( hay False).
Check box : c chn khi c du x trong hp.
Option button : c chn khi c ht u trong nt.
Toggle button : c chn khi n trng nh b nhn xung.
6.4. S dng nhm chn la (Option group)

Chng ta c th dng nhm chn la trnh by mt s nh cc chn la trn
biu mu. Nhm chn la gm mt khung nhm (Group frame) c gn nhn v mt s
check box, option button hay toggle button.
Nu nhm la chn c buc vo mt trng, ch c khung nhm l b buc vo

trng , khng phi cc thnh phn chn la trong khung. Khung nhm c th
khng b buc vo trng no hoc cha mt biu thc, mi ln ch c th chn mt
thnh phn trong nhm.
Khi s dng hp kim tra, nt chn la v nt bt tt trong nhm chn la, thuc
tnh ca chng khc vi nh khi c dng vi cc iu khin c lp. Mi phn t trong
nhm chn la khng c thuc tnh Control Source m thay bng thuc tnh Option
Value. Lp thuc tnh Option Value ca mi phn t dng lm chn la trong nhm thnh
mt tr s c ngha i vi trng m khung nhm c buc vo. Khi mt phn t ca
nhm c chn, Access a gi tr lp trong Option value ca phn t cho iu khin
Option Group. n lt Option Group tr li gi tr cho trng m n b buc vo.
7. BIU MU DA TRN NHIU BNG

7.1. Biu mu ph (Subform)

Biu mu ph l phng php a thng tin t nhiu bng vo mt biu mu.

Biu mu ph c ngha l mt biu mu c lng trong biu mu khc. Trong Access
biu mu chnh gi l Main form, biu mu nm trong Main form gi l biu mu ph
(Sub form). Khi dng biu mu ph chng ta d nhn thy mi quan h gia cc bn ghi
ca hai hay nhiu bng.
Biu mu ph c bit hu hiu khi dng hin th d liu t nhiu bng hay
truy vn c quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau. Biu mu chnh i din cho bn mt, biu mu
ph i din cho bn nhiu.
7.2. Cc loi biu mu ph
Khi to biu mu ph chng ta c th thit k n thnh dng bng, hoc dng biu
mu, hoc c hai dng trn.
Biu mu dng bng: L loi d to nht v c th s dng nh bt k bng no
khc nh sp xp....
Biu mu ph dng biu mu: Cho chng ta thc s linh hot v mm do khi thit
k hn.
7.3. Thit k biu mu ph
Thng thng chng ta dng bng hay truy vn lm ngun d liu cho biu mu
chnh, mt bng hay truy vn khc lm ngun d liu cho biu mu ph. Nu d liu
trong biu mu chnh v biu mu ph c lin quan vi nhau, chng ta cn nh gi mt
s vn sau:
Cc bng hoc truy vn c quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau khng? Nu dng biu
mu ph th hin quan h mt-nhiu, chng ta nn dng bng bn mt i vi bng
chnh, bng bn nhiu i vi bng ph.
Cc bng hoc truy vn lm ngun d liu cho biu mu chnh/ph c cc trng
lin kt khng? Access dng trng kt ni gii hn s lng bn ghi th hin trong
biu mu ph.
Cch to biu mu chnh/ph
Thit k hai biu mu ring bit, sau ko biu mu ph vo biu mu chnh.

Thit k biu mu chnh

To biu mu chnh, dnh ch trn biu mu ny cha biu mu ph.
Lu v ng biu mu chnh.
Thit k biu mu ph
C th thit k biu mu ph ch th hin d liu di dng bng, biu mu ny
c c hai kh nng trn.
To biu mu mi, lp hai thuc tnh ViewAllowed v Default View ca biu mu
tu theo yu cu s dng nh sau:
Biu mu ph ch trnh by di dng bng: t cc trng trn biu mu theo
th t chng ta mun chng xut hin trong bng. Lp c hai thuc tnh ViewAllowed v
Default View thnh Datasheet.
Biu mu ph ch trnh by d liu di dng biu mu: Sp t cc iu khin
nh trn. Lp thuc tnh ViewAllowed thnh Form v Default View thnh Single form
hay Continuous form.
a biu mu ph vo biu mu chnh
M biu mu chnh ch Design View
Chuyn sang ca s Database, nhn F11
Ko biu mu ph t ca s Database v t vo mt v tr trn biu mu chnh.
Di chuyn biu mu ph n v tr khc, thay i ni dung nhn hoc kch thc
nu cn. Chuyn sang ch Form View xem kt qu.
7.4. Lin kt biu mu chnh v biu mu ph

Trong ch Design View ca biu mu chnh, m bng thuc tnh ca iu khin

biu mu ph.
Lp thuc tnh LinkChildFields thnh tn trng ni kt trong biu mu ph, nu
c nhiu trng ni kt, phn cch nhau bi du phy.
Lp thuc tnh LinkMasterFields thnh tn trng ni kt hoc tn iu khin
trong biu mu chnh, nu c nhiu trng ni kt, phn cch nhau bi du phy.

Chng 6 BO CO (REPORT)
1. TNG QUAN V BO CO
Bo co l phng thc hu hiu gip ngi s dng trnh by d liu di dng

y v d hiu, nhanh chng, p mt khi in n. Ngi s dng c th tch hp
trong bo co cc dng thc trnh by d liu khc nhau nh: Hnh nh, biu , vn
bn......
Bo co c xy dng trn mt ngun d liu l bng hoc truy vn, mt cu

lnh SQL hoc mt dng biu mu no
1.1. Cc dng mu ca bo co
Bo co dng ct (columnar): bo co dng ny s c trnh by theo dng mt
ct v km theo phn nhn ca mi ct d liu bn tri, mi dng tng ng vi mt
trng d liu.
Bo co dng hng (Tabular): Bo co s trnh by d liu theo dng bng bao
gm nhiu hng v nhiu ct.
Bo co dng nhm/ Tng (Group/Total): Bo co dng ny s t chc d liu
thnh cc nhm, mi nhm s trnh by d liu theo dng Tabular. Ngi s dng c th
nhm d liu theo cp v c th tnh ton gi tr tng cho mi nhm v mt gi tr tnh
tng cho ton b cc nhm
Bo co dng biu ( Chart)
Bo co dng nhn ( Label Report)
Bo co vi bo co con
1.2. Cc ch hin th ca bo co
Bo co c th c trnh by theo 3 ch sau
Report design: Ch thit k bo co.
Layout PreView: Ch trnh by d liu trong bo co.
Print PreView: Ch xem hnh thc bo co trc khi in n.

2. TO BO CO S DNG CNG C AUTO REPORT V REPORT WIZARD

2.1.To bo co s dng Auto report
Click biu tng Report trong ca s database ( hoc chn View/Report)
Chn New
Chn bng hoc Truy vn lm ngun d liu bo co .
Chn AutoReport Columnar: Nu mun
bo co hin th dng ct.
AutoReport Tabular: Nu mun bo co
hin th dng hng
Chn OK
Lu Bo co.
2.2.To bo co s dng Report Wizard
Click biu tng Report trong ca s database ( hoc chn View/Report)
Chn New
Chn bng hoc Truy vn lm ngun d liu bo co .
Chn Report Wizard
Chn OK
Chn cc trng cn thit cho bo co.
Chn Next
Chn cc trng cn nhm, chn Next

Chn cc trng cn sp xp, chn Next
Chn dng th hin ca Report, chn Next
Chn nn th hin ca Report, chn Next
t tiu cho Report, chn Finish

3. TO IU KHIN TRONG BO CO
3.1. Toiu khin Text Box (Hp vn bn)
Text box c nhiu tnh nng, c th l iu khin b buc, khng buc hay dng
tnh ton. Nu trong bo co c c 3 loi iu khin ny, chng ta nn u tin iu khin
b buc trc.
To mt text box b buc v khng buc
Chng ta buc iu khin Text box vo mt trng bng cch ch nh trng cho text
box ly d liu. Text box ly d liu c th thc hin bng cch ko trng mun
buc vo iu khin t danh sch trng (Field List) vo biu mu ang thit k.
Cch khc to Text box l dng hp cng c (Toolbox), sau g tn trng
mun buc vo hp vn bn hoc bng thuc tnh ca iu khin.
Dng danh sch trng l phng php tt nht to mt iu khin Text box b buc
v hai l do sau:
iu khin c h thng t ng gn nhn v nhn ly tn trng c ko
lm tiu .
Text box b buc tha k cc thit lp thuc tnh ca trng t bng hay truy
vn.
Mun chuyn mt iu khin khng buc thnh b buc, lp thuc tnh Control
Source ca iu khin thnh mt trng.
Mt s thao tc khi thc hin thit k bo co.

M bo co trong ch Design View
Chn Field List t menu View (Hoc click biu tng Field List trn thanh cng
c)

To iu khin Text box b buc.

M bng danh sch trng, chn trng hoc cc trng mun t vo bo co
Chn mt trng, click vo trng .
Chn nhiu trng lin nhau, clik trng u, gi phm shift, click trng cui.
Chn nhiu trng khng lin nhau, gi phm Ctrl v ln lt click tng trng.
Chn tt c cc trng trong danh sch, nhp kp vo thanh tiu ca danh sch
trng.
Ko trng (hoc cc trng) c chn v t vo mt v tr trn mu bo co.
Click biu tng Simple preview trn thanh cng c xem kt qu.
3.2. To cc iu khin khc dng hp cng c
Mun to cc iu khin khng buc hay dng tnh ton, phi dng cng c
trong Toolbox.
Chn View/Toolbars hin th thanh cng c
To iu khin dng Toolbox
Click cng c tng ng loi iu khin mun to trong bo co.
To iu khin b buc bng cch chn mt trng trong Field list v ko n vo
trong bo co.
3.3. To iu khin dng tnh ton
Click vo biu tng Text box trong hp cng c
Click vo mt v tr trn bo co. Access t ng gn nhn cho iu khin va to,
tiu mc nhin thng c dng Field0, c th thay i tiu ny theo thch.
a con tr vo bn trong Text box.
G du = , theo sau l biu thc mun lp
V d: =[SOLUONG]*[DONGIA]
Click vo Sample Preview xem kt qu.
3.4. To iu khin nhn
Nhn l mt iu khin khng buc, ni dung nhn khng thay i t trang ny
qua trang khc hay t bn ghi ny qua bn ghi khc.
Click biu tng Label trong Toolbox.

Click vo mt v tr trn bo co to nhn. Nhn c to nh vy s c kch

thc t m rng khi g ni dung vo.
Nu mun trnh by vn bn thnh nhiu dng, bm Ctrl+Enter cui dng th
nht.
4. CC THUC TNH CA IU KHIN TRONG BO CO
Thuc tnh xc nh cc c trng ca i tng, mi iu khin trong bo co
cng c nhng thuc tnh ring. Mun m bng thuc tnh ca iu khin, chn iu
khin v click biu tng Properties trn thanh cng c.
Ta xt mt s thuc tnh sau:
Cangrow: Dng thuc tnh ny lm cho Text box c th t iu chnh kch
thc theo phng dc i vi khi d liu cha trong trng n b buc.(chn Yes).
CanShrink: Khi Text box khngc d liu hoc d liu l chui rng Access s
cha trng ch trn giy. iu ny c th lm cho bo co qu trng tri nu c nhiu
ch nh vy. Chng ta lp thuc tnh ca Text box ny thnh Yes.
HideDuplicate: Dng thuc tnh ny che Text box khi gi tr trong trng
bn ghi trc
5. SP XP V TP HP D LIU THEO NHM
Sp xp l phng php ph bin nhm t chc d liu theo mt trt t no
tm kim v phn loi thng tin.
5.1. Sp xp d liu
Khi in bo co ngi dng thng mun t chc cc bn ghi theo mt trt t no
. V d in danh sch cn b theo th t gim dn ca lng.
Cc bc thc hin sp xp trn bo co.
M bo co ch Design View.
Chn Sorting And Grouping trong menu View.
Trong hp thoi.
Field/Expression: Ch nh sp xp theo trng hoc biu thc no .
Sort Order: Chn Tng dn hoc gim dn.

5.2. Nhm d liu

Trong nhiu bo co, sp xp cc bn ghi khng cng cha m cn phn thnh
cc nhm. Nhm l tp hp cc bn ghi cng vi thng tin tm lc tiu biu cho mt th
loi thng tin. Mt nhm thng c cu to nh sau:
Tiu nhm (group header), nhm con (nu c), cc bn ghi chi tit v chn nhm (
Group footer)
Tiu nhm 1
Tiu nhm 2
Tiu nhm 3
................
................
Tiu nhm 10
Cc bn ghi chi tit
Chn nhm 10
................
................
Chn nhm 3
Chn nhm 2
Chn nhm 1

Ch ng 7 MACRRO
1. KHI NIM
Macro trng MS Access l tp hp cc lnh (Hnh ng, hnh ng......) c nh
sn nhm t ng thc hin chui cc tc v no m khng cn s can thip tng bc
ca ngi s dng. Macro c th lin kt cc i tng trong tp tin c d liu (CSDL)
nh: Table, Query, form, report....... nhm to ra cc ng dng khai thc c hiu qu..
Macro c dng khi c cc hnh ng no thng xuyn lp li trong MS Access
hoc c dng khi cn kt hp cc hnh ng n gin nhm gii quyt mt vn no
khi xy dng cc ng dng. Vic t ng ho cc hnh ng ny bi macro s c
thc hin mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.
2.TO V THI HNH MT MACRO
2.1.To mt macro
Ti ca s database, chn i tng Macro/ New
Trong mc Action : chn cc hnh ng cho Macro.
Tong mc Action arguments: Chn cc tham s
tng ng cho hnh ng.
Lu tr Macro: File/save.
2.2.Thi hnh macro

Ti ca s database: Chn i tng Macro/Run.
3. CC HNH NG V CC THAM S
Ms Acces cung cp mt s hnh ng to macro, mi hnh ng thc hin mt
tc v no trn CSDL v tu thuc vo tham s ca mi hnh ng.
Open table: M 1 bng d liu
Table name: Tn bng cn m
View: Chn dng th hin ca bng (Datasheet/ Design/ Print Preview

Data mode:
Add: Dng nhp d liu
Edit: Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng
Read Only: M bng ch xem d liu
Open Query: M 1 truy vn
Query name: Tn truy vn cn m
View: Chn dng th hin ca bng (Datasheet/ Design/ Print Preview
Data mode:
Add: Dng nhp d liu
Edit: Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng
Read Only: M bng ch xem d liu
Open Form: M 1 biu mu
Form name: Tn biu mu
View: Chn dng th hin ( Form/ Design/ Print preview/ Datasheet)
Filter name: Tn Query lc cc d liu hin th trong form.
Where condition: iu kin lc d liu hin th trong form.
Data mode:
Add : Dng nhp d liu
Edit : Dng thm, xo, sa d liu trong bng
Read Only : M bng ch xem d liu
Window mode:
Normal : Dng ca s form bnh thng.
Hidden : Dng ca s form c n i.
Icon : Ca s form thu nh thnh 1 biu tng.
Dialog : Dng hp thoi.
Open Report: M 1 bo co
Report name: Tn bo co
View: Chn kiu in
Print preview:In ra mn hnh.

Design: Dng thit k bo co

Print: In ra my in
Filter name: Tn Query lc cc d liu hin th trong Report.
Where condition: iu kin lc d liu hin th trong Report.
Run macro: Thc hin mt tp lnh
Macro name: Tn macro cn thc hin
Repeat count: S ln thc hin macro s lp li.
Repeat Expression: Biu thc iu kin lp li khi thc hin macro. Macro ch dng
khi khi biu thc iu kin nhn gi tr False.
Open module: M ca s son tho th tc trong 1 module.
Module name: Tn module cha th tc cn m.
Procedure name: Tn th tc s m.
Run code: Gi thc hin mt hm ca Access Basic
Function name: Tn hm cn thc hin v cc i s ca hm.
Run App: Cho thc hin mt ng dng no trong mi trng Windows
Command line: ng dn n tp tin ca mt ng dng.
Run SQL: Cho thc hin cu lnh SQL
SQL Statement: Ni dung cu lnh SQL
Maximize: Cc i ca s hin thi
Minimize:Cc tiu ca s hin thi thnh mt biu tng.
Restore: Phc hi ca s tr v kch thc c.
Move size: Di chuyn hoc thay i kch thc ca s hin thi.
Right: Khong cch t gc trn tri ca ca s ny n cnh tri ca ca s cha
n.
Down: Khong cch t gc trn tri ca ca s ny n n cnh trn ca ca s
cha n.
Width: Chiu rng ca ca s ny.
Height: Chiu cao ca ca s ny.
Stop Macro: Dng macro ang thc hin

Beep: Pht ting ku bp

Hourglass: i dng con tr thnh ng h ct trong khi macro ang chy
Hourglass On: Yes/No (i/ Khng i)
Close: ng mt ca s ang hot ng
Object Type: Loi ca s ca i tng cn ng nh Table, Query, form, Report,
Macro hoc Module.
Object name: Tn ca i tng cn ng.
Quit: Thot khi MS Access v tr v Windows
Option
Prompt: Hin th hp thoi c lu tr khng? Nu i tng c thay i.
Save all: Lu tr tt c mi i tng.
Exit: Thot m khng cn lu tr.
Print: In i tng hin thi
Print Range: Phm vi cn in n.
All: In tt c cc i tng
Selection: In phn trang c chn
Pages: In cc trang c chn
Page from: Trang bt u in
Page to: Trang kt thc in
Print Quality: Cht lng in
Copies: S bn cn in
Collate Copies: C sp xp th t cc bn in teo trang.
Msg Box: Hin th hp thng bo
Message: Cu thng bo cn hin th
Beep: Yes/ No: C/ Khng pht ra ting Bp khi hin th hp thng bo.
Type: Loi hp thng bo.
Title: Tiu ca hp thng bo.
CancelEvent: Hu b mt s kin ang thc hin

Requery: Cp nht d liu cho mt i tng ang hot ng bng cch cp nht li d
liu ngun ca i tng .
Control name: Tn ca i tng cn cp nht d liu (Nu khng ch ra th s cp nht
li d liu ngun ca chnh i tng ang hot ng).
Select Object: Chn i tng trong CSDL
Object Type: loi i tng cn chn.
Object name: Tn i tng cn chn
In Database Window: (Yes/No) Xc nh MS access c chn i tng trong ca
s CSDL khng, mc nh l No.
Set value: Gn mt gi tr cho 1 trng, 1 iu khin, hoc mt thuc tnh trn mt Form
hoc 1 Report.
Item:Tn trng, i tng hay thuc tnh mun gn gi tr.
Expression: Biu thc cn gn gi tr cho Item.
$ Ch : Nu tn trng, tn i tng, tn thuc tnh 1 Form hoc 1 Report khc th
phi m t y .
Trong Form khc: [Forms]![Tn Form]![Tn trng/Tn i tng]
Trong Report khc: [Reports]![Tn Report]![Tn trng/Tn i tng]
i vi cc thuc tnh
[Forms/Reports]![Tn Form/Tn Report]![Tn trng].[Tn thuc tnh]
Add menu: To thm mt Drop Down Menu vo mt menu bar cho mt form
hoc Report.
Menu name: Tn ca Drop Down Menu mun thm vo menu bar.
Menu macro name: Tn macro cha cc lnh v vic to menu.
Status bar: Thng bo thanh trng thi khi chn menu ny.
Apply Filter: Lc (Truy vn) cc d liu khi x l Table, Form, Report.
Filter name: Tn ca truy vn lc d liu.
Where condition: iu kin lc d liu.
FindRecord: Tm bn ghi u tin nm trong phm vi v tho mn iu kin.

Find What: Ni dung d liu cn tm l mt gi tr hoc mt biu thc, nu l biu

thc s bt u du "=".
Where: Qui nh cch so snh gi tr cn tm vi gi tr ca trng.
Any part of field: Mt phn bt k ca trng.
Match Whole field: Gi tr cn tm bng gi tr ca trng.
Start of field: Gi tr cn tm l phn u ca trng.
Match Case: Yes/No: C/Khng phn bit ch in hoa v ch in thng.
Direction: Quy nh hng tm
All: Tm ton b
Up: Tm t bn ghi hin thi ln pha trn.
Down: Tm t bn ghi hin thi ln pha di.
Search As Formatted: Qui nh vic tm c da trn d liu sau khi nh dng
trong cc trng hay khng?
Search in: Qui nh vic tm trn trng hin thi hoc trn tt c cc trng.
Current Field: Tm trn trng hin thi.
All Fields: Tm tt c cc trng.
Find First: Yes/No: Qui nh tm t bn ghi u tin hay tm t bn ghi hin thi.
Findnext:Tm bn ghi k tip tho mn iu kin tm kim ca lnh FindRecord.
CopyObject: Sao chp mt i tng trong tp tin CSDL hin thi thnh mt i tng
khc ca tp tin CSDL khc trong MS Access.
Destionation Database: Tn tp tin CSDL ch
New name: Tn mi ca i tng sau khi sao chp.
Source Object Type: Kiu ca i tng ngun.
Source Object Name: Tn ca i tng ngun.
DeleteObject: Xo mt i tng trong tp tin CSDL hin thi.
Object Type: Kiu ca i tng.
Object Name: Tn ca i tng
4. NHM TP LNH V TP LNH C IU KIN
4.1. Nhm tp lnh

L Macro cha cc macro con, thay v to ra nhiu macro vi nhiu tn khc nhau
th cc macro ny c gom li thnh mt tn chung nhm gim bt s lng v thun li
trong qu trnh s dng. Tuy nhin cc Macro c nhm khi chng c lin quan vi
nhau.
C th c nhiu Macro trong nhm c cng hnh ng, tuy nhin chng c phn
bit bi tn Macro.
t tn cho Macro ta thc hin:
Ti ch thit k Macro:
View/Macro name
t tn cho Macro ti ct Macro name.
Cch thc hin 1 macro trong macro name
<Tn Macro Group>.<Tn Macso cn thc hin>
4.2. Macro c iu kin
L macro c cha cc iu kin thi hnh cho mi hnh ng.
Cch to Macro c iu kin
Ti ch thit k Macro: Chn View/Conditions
Ti ct Condition : t iu kin thi hnh cho mi hnh ng.
V d
4.3. p dng Macro cho form v Report

4.3.1. Quy tc chung khi gi mt i tng
i vi form : Forms![Tn form]![Tn i tng]
i vi Report : Reports![Tn Report]![Tn i tng]
4.3.2. Cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng

Mun gn mt nt lnh trn mt biu mu hoc bo co vi mt Macro no vo

nt lnh ny ta thc hin: Click chut phi vo nt lnh, chn Properties v gn Macro
vo cc hnh ng tng ng.
On Enter: Macro thi hnh khi nhn Enter vo bn trong i tng
On Exit: Macro thi hnh khi thot khis i tng
On Got Focus: Thit lp nhn bit khi c di chuyn con tr n mt form hoc 1
trng trn form ang m.
On Click: Macro thi hnh khi click vo i tng
On Dbl Click: Macro thi hnh khi Double click vo i tng.
On Mouse Down: Macro thi hnh khi n v gi chut ti i tng
On Mouse Move: Macro thi hnh khi di chuyn chut ra khi i tng
On Mouse Up: Macro thi hnh khi nh chut ra khi i tng.
On Key Down: Macro thi hnh khi n v gi mt phm i tng.
On Key Press: Macro thi hnh khi n mt phm i tng.
On Key Up: Macro thi hnh khi nh mt phm i tng.
4.3.3. Macro t ng thc hin sau khi m tp tin CSDL
Chng ta c th to ra mt Macro m mi khi m mt tp tin CSDL th Macro ny
t ng thc hin.
to Macro t ng thc hin ta tin hnh cc thao tc sau:
To macro
Lu tr Macro vi tn AutoExec.
5. THIT K MENU TRONG ACCESS
Trong cc ng dng, thng chng ta phi t chc Menu cho php ngi s
dng thc hin cc hnh ng thng qua cc chc nng trn Menu ny.
C 2 cch hin th cc Menu ca ngi s dng (Custom Menu) trong cc ng dng
l:
Menu ng vi 1 form xc nh no : Menu ny ch xut hin khi truy xut n
Form ny.

Menu ton cc (Globally): Menu ton cc ny s xut hin trong cc ng dng v

n ch c thay th khi c 1 menu ng vi form no c m.
5.1. To menu ca ngi s dng
Chn View/Toolbars/Customize/New/ t tn cho thanh menu
Chn Properties v chn Type l Menu bar, close
Chn command, trng mc Categories chn New menu v ko sang thanh menu
va to.
Click chut phi thay i cc tiu cho ph hp trn thanh menu.

Tng t cho cc nhm khc.
C th to cc chc nng l cc hnh ng nh m bng, truy vn, biu mu....

bng cch ko cc biu tng ny trong mc command vo menu ang to.

5.2. To menu ton cc

Nu mun to mt menu ton cc s thay th menu c sn trong Access khi CSDL
ny c m ta thc hin cc bc sau:
M hoc to ra mt Macro c tn l Autoexec.
Thm vo hnh ng: SetValue
Trong mc cc tham s (arguments):
Item: Application.menubar
Expression: Tn ca Menubar ngi s dng to ra v t gia cp du
ngoc kp "".

BI S 1
Khi ng MSACCESS, to mt CSDL c tn NHANSU.MDB ri ln lt to
cc bng d liu sau
Bng 1: Nhanvien
STT Fieldname Data Type Fieldsize Note
1 Manv Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Holot Text 20
3 Ten Text 10
4 Ngaysinh Date/time 8
5 Gioitinh Yes/No 1 Yes:Nam, No:Nu
6 Maphong Text (Lookup) 2 Ly t bng Dsphong
7 MaPXuong Text (Lookup) 2 Ly t bng dspxuong
8 Diachi Text 30
9 Ghichu Memo
Bng 2: Dsphong
1 Maphong Text 2 Kho chnh
2 Tenphong Text 30
3 Sodthoai Text 11
Bng 3: Thunhap_NV

1 Manv Text (Lookup) 4 Kho chnh
2 Luongchinh Number Double
3 Heso Number Integer
4 Phucap Number Double
5 Thue Number Double Thu
6 Thamnien Number Byte S nm thm nin
7 Tongluong Number Double
Bng 4: DSpxuong

1 Mapxuong Text 2 Kho chnh
2 Tenpxuong Text 20
3 Sodoanvien Number Byte S on vin

1. Hy nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng trn.

2. M bng Nhanvien sp xp tng dn theo manv, sp xp gim dn theo ten.
3. Sp xp tng dn theo ten, nu ten trng nhau th sp xp gim dn theo holot nu
holot trng nhau th sp xp gim dn theo maphong.
4. Lc v hin th danh sch nhng nhn vin c tn Thanh.
5. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin c h Nguyen hoc Cao v c tn anh.
6. Lc v hin th nhnh nhn vin c Manv bt u l B v maphong l A1 hoc Manv
bt u l C v maphong l A2.
7. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin nam v c nm sinh 1975.
8. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin nam sinh trong thi gian t 12/12/76 n 12/12/79.
9. Lc v hin th nhng nhn vin n c Mapxuong l P1 v sinh trong thng 10 nm 1975
hoc nhn vin nam c nm sinh 1972 n 1976.
10. M bng Thunhap_nv hin th nhng nhn vin c heso>100 v c

luongchinh<500.000 hoc c phucap t 100.000 n 500.000.
BI S 2
1. M CSDL NHANSU.MDB trong bi thc hnh s 1 ri thc hin cc nhim v sau:
t kho chnh cho trng Manv (nhanvien), Maphong(dsphong),
manv(thunhap_nv) v mapxuong (dspxuong).
Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau

Hy thit lp cc thuc tnh tham chiu ton vn v cc thuc tnh nh Format,

caption, inputmask...... cho cc trng mt cch hp l.
t thuc tnh Format ca trng ngaysinh : dd-mm-yy , Inputmask: 00/00/00
t thuc tnh Inputmask ca trng sodthoai : (000)000000
2. To mt truy vn query1 hin th nhng thng tin sau:
Manv, holot, ten (trong bng nhanvien), Luongchinh, phucap (Trong bng
Thunhap_nv), tenphong, maphong (Trong dsphong).
3. To mt truy vn query 2 hin th nhng thng tin sau:
Manv, hoten ( Ni holot v ten), maphong, tenphong, mapxuong, tenpxuong, tongthunhap
trong tongthunhap c tnh theo cng thc:
Tongthunhap=luongchinh*heso+phucap-thue nu l nhn vin nam.
Tongthunhap=luongchinh*heso+phucap nu l nhn vin n .
4. To mt truy vn query3 hin th nhng nhn vin c maphong l p1 v
mapxuong l x1 sinh trong thng 7 nm 1976 bao gm nhng tin sau:
Hoten, gioitinh, maphong, tenphong, mapxuong, tenpxuong.
5. To mt truy vn query4 hin th nhng nhn vin n v c maphong l p2 hoc
p3 sinh trong ngy 20 thng 12 bao gm nhng thng tin:
Hoten, maphong, ngaysinh, gioitinh (ch gi tr trng gioitinh phi hin th nam hoc
n).

6. To mt truy vn query5 hin th nhng nhn vin nam c tongthunhap>=60000

hoc thuc maphong l p2 v khng phi h Nguyn bao gm nhng thng tin: Ten,
maphong, tenphong, tongthunhap.
7. To mt truy vn query6 hin th nhng nhn vin n c maphong khng bt u
l p hoc nhng nhn vin thuc phn xng khng c on vin no bao gm nhng
thng tin sau: Holot, ten, gioitinh, tenpxuong.
8. To mt truy vn query7 hin th nhng nhn vin nam tn Thanh hoc Long hoc
nhng nhn vin n khng phi h L hoc trn bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten,
gioitinh, maphong, tenphong.
9. To mt truy vn query8 hin th nhng nhn vin nam sinh trong khong thi gian
t nm 1973 n 1980 thuc phn xng c mapxuong l x2 hoc nhng nhn vin
khng c thu sinh trong thng 4 n thng 8 nm 1975 bao gm nhng thng tin: Holot,
ten, thangsinh, namsinh, mapxuong, tenpxuong.
10. To mt truy vn query9 hin th nhng thng tin: Hoten, namsinh, thamnien,
luongchinh, trong nu
Luongchinh>=3000 v nhn vin n th thamnien l 35.
Luongchinh>=4000 v nhn vin nam th thamnien l 30.
BI S 3
To mt CSDL c tn QLTV.MDB, ri ln lt to cc bng d liu sau:
Bng 1: Loaisach

1 Masach Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Tensach Text 20
3 Tentacgia Text 20
4 Namxb Date/time 8
5 Soluongco Number 3 S lng c
6 Sotrang Number 5 S trang sch
7 Manxb Text 4 M nh xut bn
Bng 1: Docgiamuon


1 Hoten Text 30
2 Quequan Text 30
3 Madocgia Text 4 Kho chnh
4 Masach Text (Lookup) 4 Ly d liu t Loaisach
5 Sluong Number 1 S lng mn
6 Ngaymuon Date/time 8 Ngy mn
7 Ngayhen Date/time 8 Ngy hn tr
Bng 3: Docgiatra

1 Madocgia Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Masach Text 4
3 Ngaytra Date/time 8 Ngy tr
Bng 4: : Nhaxban

1 Manxban Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Ten_xb Text 30 Tn nh xut bn
3 Diachi_nxb Text 30 a ch Nh XB
1. Nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng d liu.

2. t kho chnh cho cc trng: masach(Loaisach), Madocgia(Docgiamuon),
Madocgia(Docgiatra), manxban(Nhaxban).
3. Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau

4. To mt truy vn TV1 hin th danh sch c gi mn sch trong thng 10 nm 98

bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, ngaymuon, tensach, tentacgia.
5. To mt truy vn TV2 hin th s lng cn ca mi loi sch ca nh xut bn
Kim ng bao gm nhng thng tin: tensach, nxban, soluongcon.
6. To mt truy vn TV3 hin th danh sch nhng c gi mn sch qu hn bao
gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, Ngaymuon, Ngayhen, songayqua (S ngy qu hn).
7. To mt truy vn TV4 hin th danh sch nhng c gi mn sch qu hn bao
gm nhng thng tin Hoten, sluong, mucquahan
Trong : Mucquahan l Mc 1 nu songayqua<5
Mucquahan l Mc 2 nu songayqua<10
Mucquahan l Mc 3 nu songayqua>=10
8. To mt truy vn TV5 hin th danh sch nhng c gi tr sch ng hn hoc sm
hn bao gm nhng thng tin: Hoten, masach, tensach.
9. To mt truy vn TV6 hin th nhng loi sch c s trang >100 v s lng cn l
20 ca nh xut bn gio dc hoc tn sch c ch Tin hc bao gm Tensach, sotrang,
ten_xb, tentacgia.
BI S 4
1. S dng CSDL QLTV.MDB, to mt truy vn Truyvan1 hin th tng s lng
mn ca tng loi sch trong th vin.
2. To mt truy vn Truyvan2 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch trong
thng 12 nm 1998.
3. To mt truy vn Truyvan3 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch theo
tng thng trong nm 1999.
4. To mt truy vn Truyvan4 hin th tng s lng mn ca tng loi sch theo
tng thng ca mt nm no (Thng v nm c nhp t bn phm).
5. To mt truy vn Truyvan8 hin th s lng mn ca tng loi sch trong nm
1999 v c s lng mn ca mi c gi >2.
6. To mt truy vn Truyvan9 hin th tng s loi sch c trong th vin.

7. To mt truy vn Truyvan10 hin th tng s loi sch trong th vin cho mn

trong nm 1998.
8. To mt truy vn Truyvan11 hin th tn ca c gi no mn sch trong
thng 1 nm 2001 (Tn c nhp t bn phm).
9. To mt truy vn Truyvan12 hin th tn sch v tn tc gi xut bn sch trong
nm 2002 (Tn sch nhp t bn phm, H ca tc gi nhp t bn phm).
10. To mt truy vn tham kho cho Truyvan13 phn nh tng s mi loi sch
mn cho mn trong thng 11 nm 2000.
11. To mt truy vn tham kho cho Truyvan14 hin th tng s lai sch xut bn
trong nm 1995.
12. To mt truy vn Truyvan14 xo nhng sinh vin mn sch qu hn 5 ngy.
BI S 5
To mt CSDL c tn QLSV.MDB, ri to cc bng d liu sau:
Bng 1: DSSV

1 Masv Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Malop Text 4
3 Hotensv Text 30
4 Ngaysinh Date/time 8
5 Quequan Text 30
6 Gioitinh Yes/No 1
7 Hocbong Number Double
Bng 2: DSDIEM

1 Masv Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Mamon Text 2 M mn hc
3 Diem_lan1 Number Double im thi ln 1
4 Diem_lan2 Number Double im thi ln 2

Bng 3: DSLOP

1 Malop Text 4 Kho chnh
2 Tenlop Text 20
3 Nganh_hoc Text 30
4 Khoahoc Text 2
Bng 3: DSMON

1 Mamon Text 2 Kho chnh
2 Tenmon Text 20
3 So_htrinh Number Byte S hc trnh
1. Nhp d liu thch hp cho cc bng d liu.

2. t kho chnh cho cc trng: MASV(DSSV), MASV(DSDIEM), MALOP(DSLOP),
Mamon(DSMON).
3. Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng theo s sau:
4. To mt truy vn BT1 hin th tng s sinh vin ca mi lp l bao nhiu?

5. To mt truy vn tham kho cho BT2 phn nh tng s sinh vin xp loi Xsc,
Gii, kh, Tb, Yu ca mi lp.
6. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT3 to ra bng d liu DSLUU lu tr
nhng sinh vin c M lp bt u l T hoc H.

7. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT4 to ra mt bng d liu DSNAM

lu tr nhng sinh vin nam sinh trong nm 1976 bao gm cc thng tin: HOTENV,
QUEQUAN, GIOTINH.
8. T bng d liu DSSV, to mt truy vn BT5 to ra mt bng d liu DSNU lu
tr nhng sinh vin n sinh trong qu 3 nm 1979 bao gm cc thng tin: HOTENV,
QUEQUAN, GIOTINH.
9. To mt truy vn BT6 tng hc bng cho nhng sinh vin n thm 30%.
10. To mt truy vn BT7 ni d liu t bng DSNAM vo bng DSNU.
11. To truy vn BT8 xo nhng sinh vin c qu qun Nng v c m lp bt
u l B.
BI S 6
1. S dng ngn ng SQL to cu trc ca cc bng d liu sau:
DSTRUONG ( MATRUONG, TENTRUONG, DIACHI )

DSKHOA ( MATRUONG, MAKHOA, TENKHOA, SODT )
DANHSACH ( MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN, NGAYSINH, LOP, HOCBONG )
BANGDIEM ( MASV, DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3, DTBK4 )
Trong : Cc trng in m v gch chn l kho chnh, kiu d liu v kch thuc ca cc
c m t nh sau:
Bng DSTRUONG
MATRUONG TEXT(2), TENTRUONG TEXT(20), DIACHI TEXT(30)
Bng DSKHOA
MATRUONG TEXT(2), MAKHOA TEXT(4), TENKHOA TEXT(10), SODT TEXT(6).

Trng SODT c lp ch mc.
Bng DANHSACH
MASV TEXT(4), MAKHOA TEXT(4), HOTEN TEXT(30), NGAYSINH(DATE/TIME),

LOP TEXT(10), HOCBONG (DOUBLE). Trng MASV c lp ch mc.

Bng BANGDIEM
MASV TEXT(4), DTBK1 (DOUBLE), DTBK2 (DOUBLE), DTBK3 (DOUBLE),

DTBK4 (DOUBLE).
) Ch
Sau khi to cu trc cc bng d liuxong, hy nhp d liu v thit lp mi quan h

gia cc bng ph hp. Trng HOCBONG trong bngg DANHSACH ch nhp mt trong
ba gi tr 120000, 180000 hoc 240000.
2. S dng ngn ng SQL thay i cu trc ca bng d liu
a. Thm trung GHICHU c kiu MEMO vo trong bng DANHSACH
b. Thm trng TBCONG c kiu DOUBLE vo trong bng BANGDIEM
c. Thm trng QUEQUAN c kiu TEXT v GIOITINH c kiu YES/NO vo bng

DANHSACH v lp ch mc trng QUEQUAN.
3. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn chn sau
a. Chn MATRUONG, MAKHOA, TENKHOA trong bng DSKHOA.
b. Chn MATRUONG, MAKHOA, SODT trong bng DSKHOA ca nhng trng

c MATRUONG bt u l Q.
c. Chn MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN ca nhng sinh vin sinh trong khong thi gian
t 20/10/74 n 20/10/76 trong bng DANHSACH.
d. Chn MASV, HOTEN, LOP, HOCBONG ca nhng sinh vin c MASV bt u

l T v thuc lp Tin hc hoc Ho hc hoc kinh t trong bng DANHSACH ( HOTEN i
thnh H v tn).
e. Chn nhng sinh vin c tn THANH sinh trong thng 10/76 hoc c HOCBONG
trong khong t 150000 n 200000.
4. S dng ngng ng SQL to cc truy vn tnh tng sau:

a. To mt truy vn tnh tng HOCBONG ca mi khoa.
b. To mt truy vn thng k xem mi khoa s lng sinh vin l bao nhiu?
c. To mt truy vn tnh tng HOCBONG ca mi lp trong mi khoa.
d. To mt truy vn thng k xem mi trng c bao nhiu khoa?
5. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn tham s sau:
a. To mt truy vn tham s thng k xem mi mc HOCBONG mi khoa c bao

nhiu sinh vin.
b. To mt truy vn tham s thng k xem s lng sinh vin sinh trong mi thng
ca nm 1979 ca mi khoa l bao nhiu?
6. S dng ngng ng SQL to cc truy vn to bng sau:
a. To mt bng DIEMLUU gm tt c cc trng trong bng DIEMTHI.
b. To mt bng DSLUU gm cc trng MASV, MAKHOA, HOTEN t bng

DANHSACH ca nhng sinh vin sinh trc ngy 20/11/76.
c. To mt bng DSLUU1 gm cc trng HOTEN, LOP ca nhng sinh vin thuc

lp Tin K25A v sinh nm 1985 hoc trc nm 1978.
7. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn ni d liu sau:
a. To mt truy vn ni d liu t bng DIEMLUU vo DIEMTHI nhng ch gm cc

trng DTBK1, DTBK2.
b. To mt truy vn ni d liu t bng DIEMLUU vo DIEMTHI nhng ch gm cc

trng DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3 i vi nhng bn ghi ghi c DTBK3>=8.
8. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn cp nht d liu sau:
a. Tnh gi tr trng DTBCONG ca bng DIEMTHI theo cng thc (DTBK1+

DTBK2+ DTBK3+ DTBK4)/4.
b. Tng HOCBONG thm 100.000 cho nhng sinh vin c MASV bt u l A trong
bng DANHSACH.

c. Gim HOCBONG i 50.000 cho nhng sinh vin c nm sinh t 1975 n 1978
hoc nhng sinh vin c tn NHAN.
9. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn xo sau:
a. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin thuc khoa ton.
b. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin sinh trong khong thi gian t 20/10/74 n
20/10/76 hoc c HOCBONG=120.000.
c. To mt truy vn xo nhng sinh vin c h NGUYEN hoc tn THANH sinh

trong thng 7 nm 1978.
10. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn da trn nhiu bng sau:
a. To truy vn hin th HOTEN, TENKHOA, LOP, HOCBONG t 2 bng d liu

DSKHOA v DANHSACH.
b. To mt truy vn hin th TENTRUONG, TENKHOA, HOTEN ca nhng sinh

vin sinh trong nm 1980 t 3 bng DSTRUONG, DSKHOA, DANHSACH.
c. To mt truy vn hin th TENTRUONG, TENKHOA, HOTEN, DTBK1,

DTBK2 t 4 bng d liu DSTRUONG, DSKHOA, DANHSACH, DIEMTHI.
11. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn con sau:
a. To mt truy vn hin th HOTEN, NGAYSINH, LOP ca nhng sinh vin c

DTBK4>=5.
b. To mt truy vn hin th it nht mt sinh vin c DTBK2<=4.
12. S dng ngn ng SQL to cc truy vn hi sau:
a. To truy vn hi hin th HOTEN, DTBK1, DTBK2 t 2 bng d liu

DIEMTHI v DIEMLUU.
b. To truy vn hi hin th HOTEN, DTBK1, DTBK2, DTBK3 t 2 bng d liu

DIEMTHI v DIEMLUU nhng ch hin th nhng sinh vin c DTBK3>=7.

BI S 7
S dng CSDL QLSV.MDB trong bi tp s 5 thc hin cc yu cu sau:
1. To mt form c tn Nhaplop nhp d liu cho bng dslop nh sau:
2. To mt form chnh ph nh sau:
3. To mt form c tn Hienthi hin th danh sch sinh vin nh sau :

4. Hy thit k form theo yu cu sau:
Hy gn cc chc nng ph hp vi cc mc chn.

5. Hy thit k mt Report theo yu cu sau:
BI S 8
Cho CSDL QLSVIEN.MBD gm cc bng d liu sau:
DSSVIEN(MASV, MALOP, HOTENSVIEN, NGAYSINH, GTINH, QQUAN)
DSMONHOC(MAMON, TENMON, SOH_TRINH)
DSDIEMTHI(MASV, MAMON, DIEM_LAN1, DIEM_LAN2)

DSGIAOVIEN(MAGV, HOTENGVIEN, DIACHI, NOI_CT)
DSLOPHOC(MALOP, NGANH_HOC, KHOA_HOC)
GVMONHOC(MAGV, MAMON)
DSLOPMON(MALOP, MAMON, NGAYTHI)

Mi quan h gia cc bng d liu theo s sau:
1. To cc biu mu cp nht d liu cho cc bng trn, ch s dng

combo box hoc List box i vi cc trng cn thit.
2. To bo co hin th danh sch sinh vin trong mt lp hc no , bao gm c ngnh
hc tng ng.
3. To bo co hin th danh sch sinh vin trong tng lp hc, bao gm c ngnh hc,
trong cc sinh vin cng mt lp th tn lp c nhm li vi nhau.
4. To bo co hin th danh sch gio vin ging dy cc mt hc cho mt lp no
.
5. To bo co hin th danh sch gio vin tham gia ging dy cc mn hc cho
nhiu lp hc, trong cc gio vin ging dy cc mn hc cho mt lp hc c nhm
li vi nhau.
6. To bo co hin th im thi cc mn hc ca mt sinh vin.
7. To bo co hin th im thi mt mn hc ca mt lp no .

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Gio trnh Cc h qun tr c s d liu"

Ch ng 1 TNG QUAN C S D LIU ACCESS

1. GII THIU MICROSOFT ACCESS

2. KHI NG V THOT KHI ACCESS

Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin http://www.ebook.edu.vn 79

Khung hi thoi Microsoft ACCESS gm:

Chn Database, chn OK

Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin http://www.ebook.edu.vn 80

Truy vn (Queries) : Truy vn thng tin da trn mt

4. CCH S DNG CA S DATABASE

4.2. Thc hin mt i tng trong CSDL

Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc

4.3. Sa i mt i tng c sn trong CSDL

Trong ca s Database, chn tab cn thc hin. Ca s Database lit k tn cc

Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin http://www.ebook.edu.vn 81

Bng l i tng ch yu cha cc thng tin cn qun l, c th ch l mt vi

Mt CSDL c thit k tt cho php ngi s dng truy cp nhanh chng n

thit k mt CSDL tt chng ta phi hiu cch m mt H QTCSDL qun tr

Bc 1: Xc nh mc tiu khai thc CSDL ca chng ta. iu ny quyt nh cc loi s

Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin http://www.ebook.edu.vn 82

Bc 2: Xc nh cc bng d liu cn thit. Mi i tng thng tin s hnh thnh mt

Bc 3: Sau khi xc nh xong cc bng cn thit, tip n ta phi ch r thng tin no

Bc 4: Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng. Nhn vo mi bng d liu v xem xt

2. KHI NIM V BNG

Bng l ni cha d liu v mt i tng thng tin no nh SINH VIN,

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3. TO BNG MI TRONG C S D LIU

3.1. To bng khng dng Table Wizard

lm r thng tin qun l, c th b qua trong khi thit k bng.

Field properties: Cc thuc tnh ca trng

Xc nh kho chnh ca bng (nu c)

Xc nh thuc tnh ca bng, Lu bng d liu

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Tn trng y khng nht thit phi c di hn ch v phi st nhau, m ta

MS Access cung cp mt s kiu d liu c bn sau:

Kiu d liu D liu vo Kch thc

Quy nh thuc tnh, nh dng cho trng

t thuc tnh l mt phn khng km quan trng, n quyt nh n d liu

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d liu nhp vo ... Mi mt kiu d liu s c cc thuc tnh v cc c trng v

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Cc k t dng nh dng chui

[black] [White] [red] Mu

Cch nh dng D liu Hin th

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Standard 1234.5 1,234.50

nh dng do ngi s dng

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nh dng do ngi s dng: Gm 3 phn

3.2.3. Input mask (Mt n)

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Input mask D liu nhp vo

) Ch : Nu mun cc k t g vo quy nh thuc tnh input mask l password (Khi

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Quy nh quy tc hp l d liu (Validation rule) gii hn gi tr nhp vo cho

Cc php ton Php ton Tc dng

) Ch : Nu hng trong biu thc l kiu ngy th nn t gia 2 du #.

Validation rule Tc dng

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4. THIT LP KHO CHNH (primary key)

4.1. Khi nim kho chnh

Sc mnh ca mt H QTCSDL nh Microsoft Access, l kh nng mau chng truy