BRIDGE CONTROL SYSTEM BY SULAIMAN OLADOKUN O.

Aim

To make report of ship complete electro-hydraulic system and associated control

Objectives

To discuss operation, principle components, and safety considerations related to

hydraulic systems.
To discuss operation, principle components, and safety considerations control of
steering autopilot control feedback system.

Abstract

Control system and as applied to upgrade of existing system has always been part and
of human civilization. This paper will discuss the hydraulics and automatics part
steering control system.

Introduction
A ship control system is complex and steering and its associated system is complex.
Earlier ship control system are most operated using flow rate with float, whereas recent
system are operated with control feedback and damper arrangement for start and stop.
This work will discuss in two parts- the complete steering system of the ship the
hydraulic operated part and the feedback control part.
Ship steering system

Background:

Ship steering system is mechanism that transmits power from the steering engine to the
rudder. Hydraulic system is made of Steering gear rudder, stern planes, and tiller

Principle of operations

Hydraulic system operate on Pascal law, that states that Pressure in a fluid acts
equally in all directions and using the (Shapelessness, Incompressibility
, Transmission of force) Properties of liquid

Find Pressure
PRESSURE = Find F 2
FORCE/AREA

F2 = 200 lbf
A1 = 20 in2

F1 = 20 lbf

A1 = 2 in2
Pressure =
10 psi

Reservoir - Storage Tank

Pressure source - Hydraulic pump (A-end)
Pressure user - (B-end)
Hydraulic motor - rotary motion
Hydraulic cylinder - linear motion
 Piping systems
valves, filters, heat exchangers
Accumulator - stores pressurized oil
Hydraulic fluid (normally oil)

Description and specification of components

A simple The steering system of the ship has an arrangement where the pumps are
connected by piping to the cylinder, two pipes are connected to by multiported valves
and other pipe s from other pumps are connected for bypassing and the ram is also
connected to the tiller.

Method of operations

Different method is use to connect the ram to he tiller, however the same principle apply.
An electro hydraulic steering system has system has the following components that work
in a similar way and principle as described.

Electro-hydraulic Steering Gear

 Ram unit
Tiller
Cylinder
Hand pump
Follow-up Shaft
Electro-hydraulic Steering Gear

Power unit
Electric motor
Waterbury pump (A end)
Transfer valves
Remote steering unit
Trick wheel

Method of control

Normal control from ship's bridge

Utilizes remote electrical signal to control tilt-box position of hydraulic
pump
Alternate control from after steering
"Trick wheel manually operated to control tilt-box angle
Emergency control
Hand pump - Manually pressurizes hydraulic fluid to take local control of
rudder

Conclusion:
The steering gear use oil as fluid and advantage non-corrosive and superb lubrication
give steering gear good performance. Moreso it is convenient, flexible, variable speed
control, safety and reliability method of power transmission over long distances,
however backdrop lies on positive confinement, leaks in high pressure systems pose a
safety hazard and adequate oil filtration must be maintained

Ships autopilot system

Background
Control of ship movement started with use of celestial observation - earlier ship fearer
stared with us of almanac, map, and sextant, to invention of electrically driven
gyroscope and magnetic compass until 1911 when gyrocompass- autopilot system
which uses a control feedback was invented.

Principle of operations

The auto plot system work on control three term control law proportional-integral-
derivative (PID). Simple autopilot system use a single input single out put control
system where the heading of the ship is measure ed by gyrocompass. With introduction
of control feedback system the signal is fed back to the computer PID (auto- pilot),
which follow commands of the software.

Autopilot
Pilot Ruder Compass Heading
input servo angle

Feedback system issued in auto plot system by maintaining the following principle

Position data
Rate of data
Accumulation of error data
Description and specification of components

The autopilot system is complex system divided into following components

The input Coonected from different sensor to the controller

o Gyroscop compass
o GPS
o Wind sensor
o Human input

Outputs- To move vessel around to desired position

o Main propulsion
o Tunnel thrusters
o Azimuth

Controller- It is recommended for efficient control system that autopilot system to have
o Good output feedback
o Good wave notch filtering
o And good integral action for compensation of wave drifts.
Methods of control

Course changing Here the input come from the plot as a step command, the rudder is
then rotated in the direction of the desired course. The amount of heading change is
determined by the amplitude of the step command and heading and position of the pilot
are determined by the judgement of the helmsman.

Input
State
comman
Desired Controller
response Vessel
response respons

Controller
response

Figure : Course changing

TRACKEEPING:

Here the control of the heading and the position is done by the autopilot. It takes position
information and calculates the heading and correction real-time to make the vessel
follow the prt ermined course.
 Input
state
comman
Desired Controller
response Vessel
response respons

Controller
response

Vessel position
dataresponse

Figure: Track keeping

Conclusion

A good auto pilot can improve vessel profit margin by reducing number of ship
personnel and fuel consumption. the drawback remain with leak associated the
hydraulic system.