9/4/2013

UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE

Bylaw 38A and MS1525:2014

Ir Ahmad Izdihar

MS 1525
2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd
revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND USE OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
FOR
NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency

38A. Energy efficiency in buildings.

1. New or renovated non-residential buildings with air-

conditioned space exceeding 4,000 square metres
shall be

a) designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525 with

regards to the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
and the Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV); and

b) provided with an Energy Management System.

UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency

2. The roof for all buildings (residential and non

residential) shall not have a thermal transmittance (U-
value) greater than

a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2) weight roof; and

b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2) weight

roof, unless provided with other shading or cooling
means.

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Introduction to MS 1525

MS 1525
2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd
revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND USE OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
FOR
NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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CONTENTS in MS1525
Clause
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Referenced Documents
3 Definitions
4 Architectural and passive design strategy
5 Building envelope
6 Lighting
7 Electric power and distribution
8 Air-conditioning and mechanical
ventilation system
9 Energy management control system
10 Building Energy Simulation Method

MS 1525
MS 1525 primarily deals with building energy.
The steps towards Energy Efficient buildings are:

PASSIVE ACTIVE MEASURES

MEASURES Clause 6 : Lighting

Clause 4 : Clause 7

+
Architectural and Power System and Distribution System

Passive Design Strategy Clause 8

Clause 5 : Air Cond and Mech Ventilation System

Building Envelope Clause 9

Energy Management Control System

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Introduction
1. Purpose of this Malaysian Standard is to:

encourage the design of new and existing

buildings so that they may be constructed,
operated and maintained in a manner that
reduces the use of energy without straining
the creativity, building function, nor the
comfort or productivity of the occupants and
with appropriate regard for cost consideration

encourage the application of renewable

energy in new and existing buildings to
minimise non-renewable energy sources,
pollution and energy consumption whilst
maintaining comfort, health and safety of the
occupants.

Introduction contd
2. The standard sets out only the minimum standards.

3. Recommendations for renewable energy

applications are classified under the following
areas:

a. maximising the availability of renewable energy

resources such as solar heating, solar electricity,
solar lighting and solar assisted technologies;
b. optimising passive cooling strategies;
c. optimising environmental cooling through natural
means such as vegetation, site planning,
landscaping and shading; and
d. maximising passive solar design.

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Introduction contd

4. The requirements for energy efficiency are

classified under the following areas:

a. designing an efficient lighting system

b. minimising losses in electrical power distribution
equipment
c. designing an efficient air-conditioning and
mechanical ventilation system; and
d. designing a good energy management system

Scope

This code of practice gives guidance on the

effective use of energy including the application of
renewable energy in new and existing non-
residential buildings.

Buildings or portions thereof whose peak design rate

of electrical energy usage is less than 10 W/m2
(installed) of gross floor area for all purposes are
excluded from this Standard.

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4. Architectural and passive design strategy

4.1 Sustainable design approach

4.2 Passive design strategy
4.3 Site planning and orientation
4.4 Daylighting
4.5 Faade Design
4.6 Natural Ventilation
4.7 Daylighting &Ventilation from Windows
4.8 Strategic Landscaping
4.9 Future considerations for sustainable
design

5. Building Envelope
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Concept of OTTV
5.3 Shading Coefficient
5.4 Daylighting
5.5 Roofs
5.6 Roofs with Skylights
5.7 Daylight Credit
5.8 Submission Procedure
5.9 Air Leakage

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CONCEPT OF OTTV
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2

A design criterion for building envelope known as

the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) has been
adopted. The OTTV aims at achieving the design of
building envelope to reduce heat gain through the
building envelope and hence reduce the cooling
load of the air-conditioning system.

The OTTVshould not exceed 50 W / m2

CONCEPT OF OTTV
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.1

The OTTV of building envelope is given by the

formula:
A x OTTV + A x OTTV ...... + A x OTTV
o1 1 o2 2 on n
OTTV=
A + A ...... + A
o1 o2 on
where A1 is the gross exterior wall area
for orientation 1;
OTTV1 is the OTTV value for
orientation 1; and
OTTV for the whole building < 50 W/m2

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CONCEPT OF OTTV
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2

The formula for the OTTV of any given wall orientation is as

follows:

OTTVi = 15 (1 WWR)Uw + 6 (WWR)Uf + (194 x CF x WWR x SC)

MS1525:2007 Table 5

If R1 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.

If R1 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.
If R1 is > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R1 between 1.30
and 2.00

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MS1525:2007 Table 61

If R2 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.

If R2 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.
If R2 > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R2 is between 1.30 and
2.00.

Eggcrate Shading Devices

MS1525:2007 Table 7

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ROOF U-VALUE
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5

The calculation of OTTV does not include the

roof plane, but the thermal transmittance (Roof
U-value) of the roof construction is important.

U-values are worked out from the Thermal

Resistance of the respective materials making
up the Roof, similar to that for Walls.
ie, U = 1 / Rtotal

The higher the R, the lower the U, the better.

MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5.1

Table 9. Maximum U-value for roof (W/mK)

Roof Weight Maximum U-Value

Group (W/mK)

Light
(Under 50 0.4
kg/m)
Heavy
(Above 50 0.6
kg/m)

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6. Lighting

6.1 Applications excluded

6.2 General principles of efficient lighting
practice
6.3 Maximum allowable power for illumination
systems
6.4 Exterior building lighting power requirements
6.5 Lighting Controls
6.6 Operation and maintenance (O&M)
manual and as built drawings

6. Lighting contd
6.1 Applications excluded from this clause include:

a. outdoor activities such as manufacturing,

storage, commercial greenhouse and processing
facilities;
b. lighting power for theatrical productions,
television broadcasting, audio-visual resentations
and those portions of entertainment facilities such
as stage areas in hotel ballrooms, night-clubs,
discos and casinos where lighting is an essential
technical element for the function performed;
c. specialised luminaires for medical and dental
purposes;
d. outdoor recreational facilities;

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6. Lighting contd
a. display lighting required for art exhibition or
display in galleries, museums and monuments;
b. exterior lighting for public monuments;
c. special lighting needs for research laboratories;
d. lighting to be used solely for lighting indoor and
outdoor plant growth during the hours of 10.00
pm and 6.00 am;
e. emergency lighting that is automatically off
during normal operations;
f. high risk security areas identified by local
ordinances or regulations or by security or safety
personnel requiring additional lighting;
g. lighting for signs; and
h. store-front display windows in retail facilities.

Table 13:
Recommended average illuminance levels
Task Illuminanc Examples of
e (Lux) Applications
Lighting for 20 Minimum service
infrequently illuminance
used areas 50 Interior walkway and
carpark
100 Hotel bedroom
100 Lift interior
100 Corridor, passageway,
stair
150 Escalator, travellator
100 Entrance & exit

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Table 13:
Recommended average illuminance levels contd

Task Illuminance Examples of Applications

(Lux)
Lighting 200 Infrequent reading and
for writing
working 300 - 400 General office, shop &
interiors store, reading & writing
300 - 400 Drawing office
150 Restroom
200 Restaurant, canteen, caf
150 - 300 Kitchen
150 Lounge

Table 14:
Unit lighting power (incl. ballast loss) allowance
Type of Usage Max lighting power
W/m2
Restaurant 15
Office 15
Classroom/Lecture Theatre 15
Auditorium/Concert Hall 15
Hotel/Motel Guestroom 15
Lobby/Atrium/Concourse 20
Supermarket/Dept 25
Store/Shop
Store/Warehouse/Lavatory 10
Stair/Corridor/Carpark 10

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6. Lighting contd
6.5 Lighting controls

The minimum number of lighting control for

daylight energy savings scheme shall take into
consideration the following criteria:

a) all spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height

partitions shall be provided with at least one
operated-on-off lighting control for each
room;
b) one switch is provided for each task or group
of tasks within an area of 30 m2 or less;
c) the total number of switches shall be at least
one switch for each 1 kW of connected load;
and
d) lighting zoned control for energy savings.

6. Lighting contd
Hotel and motel guest rooms shall have a
master switch which automatically turns off all
lighting, power outlets and reduce operating
air-conditioning loads except for essential
loads.
Exterior lighting not intended for 24 hour
continuous use shall be automatically switched
by timer and/or photocell.
Local manual controls or automatic controls
such as photoelectric switches or automatic
dimmers shall be provided in day lighted space.
Controls should be provided so as to operate
rows of light parallel to the facade/ exterior
wall.

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7. Electrical Power & Distribution

7.1 Alternative Current (A.C.) Electric motors

7.2 Cabling
7.3 Transformers
7.4 Inverters
7.5 Power factor correction capacitors

Table 15:
Class definition for 4-pole motors
Motor Motor Efficiency Motor Efficiency
Capacity Motor Class EFF2 Motor Class EFF1
(kW)
1.1 76.2 83.8
1.5 78.5 85.0
2.2 81.0 86.4
3 82.6 87.4
4 84.2 88.3
5.5 85.7 89.2
7.5 87.0 90.1
11 88.4 91.0
15 89.4 91.8

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Table 15:
Class definition for 4-pole motors contd
Motor Capacity Motor Efficiency Motor Efficiency
(kW) Motor Class EFF2 Motor Class EFF1
18.5 90.0 92.2
22 90.5 92.6
30 91.4 93.2
37 92.0 93.6
45 92.5 93.9
55 93.0 94.2
75 93.6 94.7
90 93.9 95.0

Table 17:
Location of Distribution Transformers

Load fed by Distance of

Transformer Transformer from
Load Centre
> 600 A Not more than 20 m

300 A to 600 A Not more than 100 m

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7. Electrical Power & Distribution contd

7.5 Power factor correction capacitors

Power factor correction capacitors should be
the low loss type with losses per kVAR not
exceeding 0.35 W at upper temperature limit
excluding the losses in the discharge resistors.

7.6 Sub Metering

To facilitate monitoring of energy consumption
and energy management, electrical energy
meters should be installed at strategic load
centres to identify consumption by functional
use (air conditioning, lighting, etc).

8. Air-conditioning and mechanical

ventilation (ACMV) system

8.1 Load calculations

8.2 System and equipment sizing
8.3 Separate air distribution systems
8.4 Controls
8.5 Piping insulation
8.6 Air handling duct system insulation
8.7 Duct construction
8.8 Balancing

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8. Air-conditioning and mechanical

ventilation (ACMV) system

8.9 ACMV systems

8.10 ACMV system equipment
8.11 ACMV system components
8.12 ACMV system equipment/component
heat operated (absorption), cooling
mode
8.13 System testing and commissioning
8.14 Operation and maintenance (O&M)
manual and as-built drawings
8.15 Preventive maintenance

8.1.2 Indoor design conditions

Recommended:
Design dry bulb temperature 23 C 26 C
Minimum dry bulb temperature 22 C
Design relative humidity 55 % 70 %
Air movement 0.15 0.50
m/s
Maximum air movement 0.7 m/s

8.1.3 Outdoor design conditions

Recommended outdoor design conditions:
Dry bulb temperature 33.3 C
Wet bulb temperature 27.2 C.

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8.1.4 Ventilation

Outdoor air-ventilation rates shall comply with

Third Schedule (By Law 41) Article 12(1) of
Uniform Building By Laws, 1984.
Exception:
Outdoor air quantities may exceed those shown,
if required because of special occupancy or
process requirements or source control of air
contamination or Indoor Air Quality
consideration.

8.2 System and equipment sizing

Air conditioning systems and equipment shall be
sized to provide no more than the space and
system loads calculated, consistent with
available equipment capacity.
Redundancy in capacity of equipment, if
incorporated into the sizing of the duty
equipment, shall include efficiency devices
such as variable speed drive, high efficiency
motor, efficient unloading devices, multi
compressors etc so as not to diminish the
equipment/system efficiency when operating at
varying loads.

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8.2 System and equipment sizing contd

Where chillers are used and when the design
load is greater than 1000 kWr, a minimum of
either two chillers or a single multi-compressor
chiller should be provided to meet the required
load.
Multiple units of the same equipment type, such
as multiple chillers, with combined capacities
exceeding the design load may be specified to
operate concurrently only if controls are
provided which sequence or otherwise
optimally control the operation of each unit
based on the required cooling load.
Individual air cooled or water cooled direct
expansion (DX) units greater than 35 kWr
(reciprocating compressor) or 65 kWr (scroll
compressor) shall consist of either multi
compressors or single compressor with
step/variable unloaders.

8.3 Separate air distribution system

Zones which are expected to operate non-

simultaneously for more than 750 hours per year
shall be served by separate air distribution
systems.
For air conditioned space requiring exhaust air
volume in excess of 3400 m3/h, not less than 85 %
of non conditioned make up air should be
introduced directly into the space concerned
unless the exhausted conditioned air is utilised for
secondary cooling purposes.
Alternatively, heat recovery devices shall be
provided.

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8.4 Controls
Temperature control
Each system shall be provided with at least one
thermostat for the regulation of temperature.
Each thermostat shall be capable of being set by
adjustment or selection of sensors over a minimum
range of between 22 C to 27 C.
Multi-stage thermostat shall be provided for
equipment exceeding 35/65 kWr in conjunction with
8.2.4.
Humidity control
In a system requiring moisture removal to
maintain specific selected relative humidity in
spaces or zones, no new source of energy (such
as electric reheat) shall be used to produce a
space relative humidity below 55 % for comfort
cooling purposes.

8.4 Controls contd

Energy Recovery
It is recommended that consideration be given to
the use of recovery systems which will conserve
energy (provided the amount expended is less than
the amount recovered) when the energy transfer
potential and the operating hours are considered.
Recovered energy in excess of the new source of
energy expended in the recovery process may be
used for control of temperature and humidity.
Examples include the use of condenser water for
reheat, desuperheater heat reclaim, heat recovery
wheel, heat pipe or any other energy recovery
technology.

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8.4 Controls contd

Mechanical ventilation control
Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or
exhaust) shall be equipped with a readily accessible
switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction
when ventilation is not required.
Examples of such devices would include timer switch
control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming
and CO/CO2 sensor control.

Fan System Efficiency

For fan system with air flowrate exceeding 17000
m3/h and operating for more than 750 hours a year,
the power required by the motor for the entire fan
system at design conditions should not exceed 0.45
W per m3/h of air flowrate.

8.8 Balancing

The system design shall provide means for

balancing the air and water system such as
but not limited to dampers, temperature and
pressure test connections and balancing
valves.

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8.10 ACMV system equipment contd

Table 19. Unitary air conditioners, electrically
driven:
Equipment Size Sub-category Min. COP

Air cooled <19kWr Split system single 2.7 COP

with package 2.7 COP
condenser 19kWr Split system single 2.6 COP
<35kWr package

35kWr Split system single 2.5 COP

package
Water and <19kWr Split system single 3.0 COP
evaporatively package
cooled 19kWr Split system single 3.5 COP
<35kWr package

35kWr Split system single 3.6 COP

package

Shop Office

Budget Hotel

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VRS
Restaurant

Table 21: Water chilling packages, electrically driven:

Equipment Size Min COP or IPLV

Air-cooled <105kWr (30RT) 2.6 COP(1.36kWe/RT) or 2.8 IPLV
With 105kWr <530kWr 2.7 COP(1.3kWe/RT) or 2.8 IPLV
condenser
530kWr (150RT) 2.8 COP(1.26kWe/RT) or 2.9 IPLV
<1060kWr (300RT)

1060kWr 2.9 COP(1.21kWe/RT) or 3.0 IPLV

Water-cooled All capacities 4.0 COP(0.88kWe/RT) or 4.0 IPLV
Recip or scroll

Water-cooled <530kWr (150RT) 4.0 COP or 4.2 IPLV

Rotary 530 < 1060kWr 4.4 COP(0.8kWe/RT) or 4.7 IPLV
1060kWr 5.4 COP(0.65kWe/RT) or 5.8 IPLV
Water-cooled <1060kWr 5.2 COP(0.68kWe/RT) or 5.5 IPLV
Centrifugal 1060kWr 5.7 COP(0.62kWe/RT) or 6.1 IPLV

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Water-cooled chiller

Air-cooled chiller

9. Energy Management Control System

9.1 Energy Management System (EMS)

9.2 Control of equipment
9.3 Monitoring of equipment
9.4 Integration of equipment subsystems
9.5 Energy consuming areas
9.6 Application of EMS to the ACMV system
9.7 Application of EMS to the lighting system
9.8 Application of EMS to Energy Audit
9.9 Characteristics of EMS

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9.1 Energy Management System (EMS)

The Energy Management System (EMS) is a subset of

the Building Automation System function. It should
be considered for buildings having area greater than
4000 m2 of air- conditioned space. Generally, the
Building Automation System has three functions:
a) control of equipment;
b) monitoring of equipment; and
c) integration of equipment sub-systems.

BAS

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9.2 Control of equipment

The purpose of the control of equipment is to save

energy.
This is performed by the EMS function of the
Building Automation System.

9.3 Monitoring of equipment

The purpose of monitoring the equipment is to
improve the efficiency of operations personnel by:
a) providing centralised information of current
equipment conditions;
b) providing historical information of equipment
conditions;
c) providing a management by exception
function to alert the operator of any abnormal
equipment conditions; and
d) providing analysis tools to aid in the study of
equipment operations.

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9.5 Energy consuming areas

Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation
(ACMV) system
This system is typically the largest energy
consumer in the building and has the largest
savings potential
Lighting system
The lighting system is typically the second largest
energy consumer in the building
Others
Any other large energy consuming equipment
such as water pump sets, electric heaters and
others should be included under the EMS
programme. However, it is typically not
appropriate to apply an EMS to control other
equipment, such as computers etc.

BAS

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BAS

Peak Demand

PE AK DE MAND (kW)

800

700

600

500 1999
2000
2001
400
2002
2003
300 2004

200

100

0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
SEP OCT
OCT NOV
NOV DEC
DEC

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10.0 Building Energy Simulation Method

The building energy simulation method is an
alternative to the OTTV & RTTV
This section requires a building energy simulation
of 2 buildings.
The first building as per design, called the design
building.
The second building is a fictional base case
building called the base building.
The base building shall be as functional as the
design building and shall share the all the same
characteristic of the design building with the
exception to the following:
a) building form;
b) building envelope; and
c) daylighting & lighting control.

Thank You

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