Understanding OTTV and Its Impact on Building Envelope Design

topic 1 OTTV in UBBL & How OTTV Applies to Building Envelope
MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Baylon Tham 23122016
content
(i) OTTV in UBBL
(ii) what’s OTTV
(iii) ways to improve OTTV
(iv) case study: KOMTAR
(v) RTTV concept
(vi) Roof U-Value

OTTV in UBBL
MS1525:2007
CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS (FIRST REVISION)
[Department of Standards Malaysia]
Clause 5.2
The OTTV of the building envelope for a building, having a total air-
conditioned area exceeding 4000m2 and above should not exceed
50 W/m2 and should meet the requirement specified in Clause 5.4.2.
OTTV < 50W/m2
Clause 5.4.2
In order to take advantages of daylighting, the visible transmittance of
the daylight fenestration system should not be less than 50%.

OTTV in UBBL
April 2016, MBPP announced to adopt

new UBBL incorporate with OTTV
requirement and calculation for building
plan submission.

OTTV in UBBL
UBBL AMENDMENTS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
New By-Laws 38 A
(1) New or renovated non-residential buildings with air-

conditioned space exceeding 4,000 square meters shall be:-
(a) designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525 with regards to the Overall
Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV);
and
(b) provide with an Energy Management System.
(2) The roof for all buildings (residential and non residential) shall
not have a thermal transmittance (U-value) greater than:-
(a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2) weight roof; and
(b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2) weight roof,
Unless provided with other shading or cooling means.

what’s OTTV
OTTV vs Building Envelope
Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

-The design parameter that indicates the solar thermal load
transmitted through the building envelope excluding the roof.
[The OTTV aims at achieving the design of building envelope to cut down external heat gain
and hence reduce the cooling load of the air-conditioning system.]
Building Envelope
-The exterior portions of a building
through which thermal energy is transfer.
[Note: This thermal transfer is the major factor affecting
interior comfort level and the air-conditioning load.]
- The building envelope has to block out heat
gain into buildings via conduction and solar
radiation.

what’s OTTV
Climate & Building Envelope

what’s OTTV
Building Envelope to suit local climate

what’s OTTV
Building Envelope to suit local climate

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Assumption
The concept of OTTV is based on the assumption that the envelope
of the building is completely enclosed.
In the OTTV formulation, the following items are not considered:

1. Internal shading devices eg. curtains
2. Solar reflection or shading from adjacent buildings
3. Green walls

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2 says
The formula for the OTTV of any given wall orientation is as follows:
OTTVi = 15α (1- WWR) Uw + 6 (WWR) Uf + (194 x CF x WWR x SC)
Heat Heat Solar Heat

Conduction Conduction Gain
OTTV = + +
through through through
Walls Windows Windows
0.2% to 5% 10% to 20% 70% to 85%

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
OTTV = Conduction + Conduction + Gain
0.2% to 5%
15α (1- WWR)
α = Solar Absorption = colour of walls

WWR = Window-to-Wall Ratio
Uw = U-value of Wall

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Heat Conduction through Walls

black 0.99
bare concrete 0.65
white semi-gloss paint 0.25
Solar Absorption

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV

> 50%
± 50%
< 50%
Window-to-Wall Ratio
MGBC
MGBC
NORTHERN
NORTHERN
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
ROADSHOW
SEMINAR 2016
what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV

Aluminium Composite Cladding with

Insulation, U-value = 0.92 W/m2k
Plastered Brickwall,
U-value = 2.87 W/m2k
Wall U-value
MGBC
MGBC
NORTHERN
NORTHERN
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
ROADSHOW
SEMINAR 2016
what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
10% to 20%
6 (WWR) Uf
Uf = U-value of Windows

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Heat Conduction through Windows
< 50%
± 50%
> 50%

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Heat Conduction through Windows
Laminated tinted,
Single glazed clear, 4.5 to 5.5
5.7 to 6.2
Double glazed clear,

2.6 to 2.9
Window U-value

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
70% to 85%
194 x CF x WWR x SC
CF = Correction Factor
SC = Shading Coefficient

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Solar Heat Gain through Windows
Solar Correction Factors

Orientation CF Note: Data collected indicates that
North 0.90 the average vertical East surface
North-East 1.09 solar radiation is significantly higher
East 1.23
than the vertical West surface. This
trend is seen to be caused by the
South-East 1.13
normally clear sky in the morning
South 0.92
and cloudy sky in the afternoon.
South-West 0.90
West 0.94
North-West 0.90

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
< 50%
± 50%
> 50%

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
SC – major contributor to reduce OTTV

SC = SC1 X SC2
SC1 is shading coefficient of glazing
Glass Shading Coefficient is the amount of solar energy that passes
through the glass, relative to a 3mm clear glass tested under similar
conditions.
Eg. A glazing with a SC of 0.45 would allow only 45% as much solar energy
to pass through as would a 3mm clear glass.
SC2 is shading coefficient of external shading device

(can be in the form of horizontal and/or vertical shading devices that help
to reduce solar heat gain through the windows)

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of Glazing

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Horizontal

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of external shading device

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Horizontal

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Vertical

what’s OTTV
concept of OTTV
Shading Coefficient of external shading device – Egg Crate

ways to improve OTTV
Ways to improve OTTV
1. Identify which component contribute the most to OTTV.
2. Review Solar Correction Factor (CF) in Table 4.
3. Review glass selection and its Shading Coefficient (SC1).

4. Review sunshades and its Shading Coefficient (SC2) in Table 5, 6 and 7.
5. Review WWR.

ways to improve OTTV
Review sunshades and its Shading Coefficient (SC2) in Table 5, 6 & 7.

case study: KOMTAR
KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR
KOMTAR
Assumption
12 sides are almost circular and wall-to-window
area are almost equally divided in each
octagonal sector (8 sectors).
Wall Area (per sector)

Perimeter length = 19.50m
Floor to floor height = 3.05m
Wall Area: 19.50 x 3.05 = 59.48m2
Window Area (per sector)

Perimeter Window Length: (8.5+0.7+0.7) = 9.90m
Window Height: = 2.40m
Window Area: 9.90 x 2.40 = 23.76m2
Total area for OTTV calculation:

Tower (level 11 - 60) = 50 floors
Total Wall Area (per sector): 59.48 x 50 = 2,974.0m2
Total Window Area (per sector): 23.76 x 50 = 1,188.0m2

case study: KOMTAR
KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

case study: KOMTAR

OTTV 65.30 OTTV 51.51 case study: KOMTAR
OTTV 43.96 OTTV 46.09
OTTV 42.74 OTTV 45.2

case study: KOMTAR

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5
The calculation of OTTV does not include the roof plane, but
the thermal transmittance (Roof U-value) of the roof
construction is important.
(2) The roof for all buildings (residential and non residential)
shall not have a thermal transmittance (U-value) greater
than:-
(a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2) weight roof; and
(b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2) weight roof,
Unless provided with other shading or cooling means.

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5
U-values are worked out from the Thermal Resistance of the

respective materials making up the Roof, this similar to the
Wall U-values calculation.
U-value is the heat transmission value of the composite roof in

W/m2K, and is inversely proportional to R,
U = 1 / R total
The higher the R, the lower the U, the better.

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
R.C. Roof without insulation

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
R.C. Roof with insulation

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
Metal Deck Roof without insulation

Roof U-value
Roof U-value
Metal Deck Roof with insulation

Roof U-value
Roof Insulation
Common roof insulation materials
• Polystyrene Foam
– mass, thickness and thermal resistance slow down heat
transfer
• Mineral Wool (Rock wool)

- Reflect radiant heat, high thermal emissivity

Roof U-value
RTTV
MS1525:2007 Clause 5.6
Clause 5.6.1
The concept of RTTV applies if the roof is provided with skylight, and the
entire enclosure below is fully air-conditioned.
Clause 5.6.2
The maximum recommended RTTV is 25 W/m2.

Roof U-value
( Ar X Ur X TDeq ) + ( As X Us X ΔT ) + ( As X SC X SF )
RTTV =
Ao
RTTV is the Roof Thermal Transfer Value (W/m2);

Ar is the opaque roof area (m2);
Ur is the thermal transmittance of opaque roof area (W/m2K);
TDeq is the equivalent temperature difference (K), as from Table 10;
As is the skylight area (m2);
Us is the thermal transmittance of skylight area (W/m2);
ΔT is the temperature difference between exterior and interior design
condition (5 K);
SC is the shading coefficient of skylight;
SF is the solar factor (W/m2), see 5.6.5 (Table 11);
Ao is the gross roof area (m2) where Ao = Ar + As.

Roof U-value
SUMMARY
OTTV applies to building envelope, where OTTV < 50 W/m2
Roof U-value refers to the Thermal Transmittance of the roof, where

Roof U-value < 0.4 – 0.6 W/m2K
RTTV applies to roof with skylights, where RTTV < 25 W/m2
REDUCE ENERGY USAGE IN BUILDINGS
1. Orientate your buildings intelligently

2. Insulate your walls and roofs
3. Reduce OTTV and RTTV by
locating and sizing windows smartly
choosing glazing correctly
providing shading to windows
4. Maximize daylight penetration

thank you
baylon tham
www.mgbc.org.my
www.greenbuildingindex.org


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topic 1 OTTV in UBBL & How OTTV Applies to Building Envelope

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

(i) OTTV in UBBL

(ii) what’s OTTV

(iii) ways to improve OTTV

(iv) case study: KOMTAR

(v) RTTV concept

(vi) Roof U-Value

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

OTTV < 50W/m2

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

April 2016, MBPP announced to adopt

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

UBBL AMENDMENTS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

(1) New or renovated non-residential buildings with air-

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

OTTV vs Building Envelope

Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Climate & Building Envelope

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Climate & Building Envelope

Building Envelope to suit local climate

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Climate & Building Envelope

Building Envelope to suit local climate

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

In the OTTV formulation, the following items are not considered:

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2 says

OTTVi = 15α (1- WWR) Uw + 6 (WWR) Uf + (194 x CF x WWR x SC)

Heat Heat Solar Heat

0.2% to 5% 10% to 20% 70% to 85%

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

α = Solar Absorption = colour of walls

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

α = Solar Absorption = colour of walls

white semi-gloss paint 0.25

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

α = Solar Absorption = colour of walls

α = Solar Absorption = colour of walls

Aluminium Composite Cladding with

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Double glazed clear,

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Solar Correction Factors

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

SC – major contributor to reduce OTTV

SC2 is shading coefficient of external shading device

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Shading Coefficient of Glazing

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Horizontal

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Shading Coefficient of external shading device

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Horizontal

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016

Shading Coefficient of external shading device - Vertical

MGBC NORTHERN CHAPTER SEMINAR 2016