BI 2 - VNG I CA SN PHM

Ch :
Khoa hc tri t.
Sinh hc
Khoa hc cng ngh.
Thi gian d kin: 90 pht
tui ph hp: Lp 7 (t 12 13 tui)
Mc tiu v yu cu
gii thiu tng rng cc sn phm cng c vng i nh cc sinh vt sng
khuyn khch hc sinh hiu v ngun gc sn phm v vng i ca cc sn phm
tc ng ti mi trng nh th no.
iu kin:
Hc sinh nn:
Quen thuc vi phng php khoa hc v cc nguyn tc c bn ca k thut
Hiu v chu k sng c bn ca mt sinh vt trong t nhin, chng hn nh loi
bm.
Mc tiu kin thc truyn t:
Khi kt thc bi hc, hc sinh s c kh nng:
M t v cc bc nh gi vng i ca sn phm.
Gi cc cch gim bt nhng tc ng ca sn phm n mi trng
Gii thch nh gi vng i l mt cng c c ch cho k thut nh th no
M t mt vi bc c bn trong nh gi trong vng i ca sn phm.
So snh v i chiu vng i ca sinh vt vi mt sn phm thit k.
Khi qut:
Cc k s xem xt cc tc ng nc, khng kh v ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ca
chng ta khi to ra mt sn phm mi ti mi trng. lm iu ny, cc k s xem xt
ton b vng i ca mt sn phm t nguyn liu, vt liu ch bin, sn xut, ng gi,
vn chuyn, s dng v x l ca sn phm. Tt c nhng iu ny l i din cho vng
i ca mt sn phm, tng t nh vng i ca mt sinh vt trong t nhin.

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
V d, loi bm tri qua bn chu k trong vng i ca chng: trng, su bm, nhng
v bm. Bn c th dng v d ny v hi hc sinh cc cu hi di y gip cc em
so snh v i chiu vng i ca sn phm vi vng i ca mt sinh vt sng.
Mt s bc trong chu k sng ca mt con bm l g? (Tr li: sinh ra, su
bm, nhng, bm, phn hy)
Mt s bc trong vng i ca mt sn phm l g? (Tr li: mua nguyn vt
liu, tin hnh x l vt liu, ch to sn phm, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v
tiu hy)
Vng i ca mt sinh vt tng t vng i ca mt sn phm nh th no? (C
th tr li: c hai chu k u bt u t ra i v kt thc cht. C hai vng
i u bao gm s chuyn dch ca nng lng trong sut thi gian sng ca cc
i tng)
Hai vng i ny khc nhau nh th no? (Tr li: thng thng cc vng i ca
mt sn phm kt thc vi vic x l, trong khi i vi chu k sng ca mt sinh
vt t nhin l c phn hy to ra cc cht dinh dng cho t. Nhn vo vng
i ca mt sn phm gip chng ta hiu v cc ti nguyn t nhin, nng lng
ca Tri t, v c bit, chng ta to ra cht thi nh th no.
Mt k s nh gi vng i ca sn phm tnh ton mc tiu th nng lng v s
nh hng ca sn phm i vi mi trng, t khi n c to ra cho ti khi b thanh l,
vt b. C mt vi bc chung c bn xc nh ton b nhng nh hng ti mi
trng ca quy trnh sn xut sn phm. Bc u tin c gi l Phn tch u vo.
Trong bc ny, nng lng ca sn phm v nguyn vt liu c s dng trong sut
vng i c mang ra tnh ton. Ngi ta gn cc gi tr cho nng lng v nguyn vt
liu vt l cho tt c cc giai on ca vng i (chun b nguyn vt liu, ch bin
nguyn vt liu, sn xut, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v sau l thanh l, vt b).
Bc tip theo l phn tch nh hng, nhng gi tr t bc mt s c cng li vi
nhau. Con s cui cng th hin ton b nhng nh hng ti mi trng ca sn phm.
Gi tr cng thp, s nh hng ti mi trng ca sn phm cng t. Cui cng, mt bn
phn tch u ra s c thc hin, xc nh c cch lm no gim thiu s nh hng
ca sn phm ti mi trng hay khng. V d, s tch tr nng lng hoc nc trong
mi giai on ca vng i hoc thay i nguyn vt liu t nguy hi s gip gim thiu
nhng tc ng ca sn phm ti mi trng. Cc k s i khi cng thit k ra nhng chi
tit c tui th cao ko di vng i sn phm v thm thi gian h thit k cc sn
phm mi thay th cho nhng sn phm c c tui th tng i ngn, nhng rt d s
dng li hoc ti ch. Sau , cc thay i c a tr li vo phn tch u ra xc
nh c phi mi trng t nhin bt b nh hng hay khng

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
C mt s cch nh gi vng i ph bin cho cc sn phm k thut. Trong s bao
gm:
- nh gi ton b vng i ca sn phm t sn phm th cho ti giai on b
thanh l (vt b).
- nh gi mt phn vng i ca sn phm t nguyn liu th ti trc khi c
vn chuyn n tay ngi tiu dng.
- nh gi v vng i ca sn phm, khng ch n giai on kt thc m n cn
bao gm s ti ch tr thnh sn phm mi. Sn phm mi c th ging hoc
khc so vi sn phm ban u.
Nguyn vt liu:
- Bt ch.
- Bt k mt sn phm phn tch (v d nh my ghi hnh, ng h, radio, in thoi,
chi vvv..) cn nguyn bao b, nu c th
- Tua vt, ko,... dng cho vic tho d sn phm.
- Bi thu hoch ca hc sinh.

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
 K HOCH BI GING - VNG I SN PHM

BI GING 1 SO SNH V NH GI MC NH HNG CA VNG I SN PHM VI VNG I SINH VT

STT Ni dung Phng php Hng dn tin hnh hot ng Ti liu Thi gian
Ngi hng dn s h cc khu hiu tng ng vi cc
1 Khi ng Tr chi 10
hnh ng tng ng:
Con bo tay phi t ln tay tri
Ung nc tay phi ch ln ming
Vo hang tay phi ch ln tai.
Nu hc sinh no lm sai s b pht
Li khuyn cho ngi hng dn/ Gi cu tr li:
Yu cu hc sinh phi thc hin chm nht l 2s
ngay sau khi nghe c ting h ca ngi hng dn.
C th pht bng cch cho hc sinh ht mt bi
Lm vic nhm 1. Ngi hng dn chia lp thnh 4 nhm, pht cho mi - Bt d,
So snh vng 35
Thuyt trnh nhm mt b Ti liu pht tay s 1 (cc bc hnh + 1 t giy trng
2 i gia sn
giy A1 v sn vng i), yu cu cc nhm sp xp A1, bng
phm v cc
cc bc hnh theo th t (v d kn c trc hay con dnh, Ti
sinh vt trong
bm c trc; inh c, nha v m t chi ci liu pht
t nhin (loi
no c trc) v tm ra nhng im ging/ khc nhau tay s 1, 2
bm)

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
 ca 2 vng i (3)
2. Mi nhm c 5 tho lun (5)
3. Cc nhm c i din ln trnh by (5/nhm 20)
4. Ngi hng dn nhn xt v rt ra kt lun (5)
5. Ngi hng dn ph bin cho hc sinh nhng hot
ng s thc hin bi hc ti, yu cu mi nhm t
chun b mt sn phm, dng c hng, c th d
dng tho lp thc hnh. Lu cc em nn t thc
hnh tho lp trc trnh mt thi gian vo bui hc
ti. Pht cho mi nhm hc sinh mt Ti liu pht tay s
2, yu cu cc em v c trc (5)

Li khuyn cho ngi hng dn/ Gi cu tr li:

Gi cho hc sinh hon thin bng vng i bng cch
t ra cc cu hi:
- Mt s bc trong chu k sng ca mt con bm l
g? (Tr li: sinh ra, su bm, nhng, bm, phn
hy)
- Mt s bc trong vng i ca mt sn phm l g?
(Tr li: mua nguyn vt liu, tin hnh x l vt liu,

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
ch to sn phm, ng gi, vn chuyn, s dng v tiu
hy)
- Vng i ca mt sinh vt tng t vng i ca mt
sn phm nh th no? (C th tr li: c hai chu k u
bt u t ra i v kt thc cht. C hai vng
i u bao gm s chuyn dch ca nng lng trong
sut thi gian sng ca cc i tng)
- Hai vng i ny khc nhau nh th no? (Tr li:
thng thng cc vng i ca mt sn phm kt thc
vi vic x l, trong khi i vi chu k sng ca mt sinh
vt t nhin l c phn hy to ra cc cht dinh
dng cho t. Nhn vo vng i ca mt sn phm
gip chng ta hiu v cc ti nguyn t nhin, nng
lng ca Tri t, v c bit, chng ta to ra cht
thi nh th no)
Kt lun im khc nhau v mc nh hng
Khi sn phm b vt b n s c nhng nh hng nht
nh ti mi trng, theo nh thng k th c ti 98%
cc sn phm sau khi b vt b c nh hng xu ti
mi trng gy nhim mi trng, cn bm khi

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
 cht i s c phn hy bi cc sinh vt v nm to ra
cht dinh dng cho t - nh hng tt ti mi trng.
- Gi sn phm hc sinh cn chun b: bp b
chi, iu khin hoc my in thoi c hng, ti
xch hng khng s dng na,

TNG THI GIAN: 45

BI GING 2 NH GI VNG I TC NG LN MI TRNG CA SN PHM

1. Ngi hng dn yu cu c 4 nhm thc hin tho ri
3 nh gi Quan st. Ti liu pht 40
sn phm v hon thin Ti liu pht tay s 2 (5)
vng i Tc Ghi chp. tay s 2, 3
2. Cc nhm c i din ln gii thch Bng nh gi ca
ng ln mi Tho lun.
Bng dnh,
nhm mnh, minh ha bng nhng chi tit sn phm va
trng ca sn
bng trng
tho ri. (2/nhm 10)
phm
3. Ngi hng dn yu cu cc nhm da vo tng im
cui cng, so snh ton b nhng tc ng ti mi
trng gia sn phm ca nhm mnh vi sn phm ca
cc nhm khc. (5)
4. Ngi hng dn pht cho mi nhm Ti liu pht tay
s 3. Cc nhm tho lun v nhng gii php gip sn
phm thn thin hn vi mi trng nu c php thay
i nguyn vt liu v hon thnh Ti liu pht tay (10)
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
5. Ngi hng dn mi mt i din bt k ca tng
nhm ln cho bit nhng gii php m nhm tm ra, s
thay i v s im trong Bng nh gi, t rt ra kt
lun Cn lm g gim thiu tc ng xu n mi
trng ca sn phm (10)

Li khuyn cho ngi hng dn/ Gi cu tr li:

Tt nht l ngi hng dn nn gi cho cc em tho
lp sn phm t nh v mang y cc nguyn vt
liu ti lp m bo an ton v tit kim thi gian
Ngi hng dn nn hng dn cch s dng Bng
nh gi cc em hc sinh d hiu v hon thnh mt
cch nhanh nht.
Nn c mt tnh nguyn vin ghi li cc kin ca hc
sinh ln bng ngi hng dn d dng nh gi
cui gi, ng thi hc sinh cng d so snh vi cc
nhm khc.
Mt s thay i: v d thay v ti lm bng si t nilon
th nn sn xut bng t si cotton d b tiu hy;
hoc v hp thay v lm bng nha th nn lm bng sp

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
 cng, cng d tiu hy hn
Nu khng thi gian, ngi hng dn c th hc
sinh mang Ti liu pht tay s 3 v v hon thnh nh
1. Ngi hng dn yu cu ngi tham gia ng xp
4 Tng kt 5
thnh vng trn kn, chi tr chi Gi go.
2. Ngi hng dn hi ngi tham gia thu c nhng
kin thc g qua bi ging, nhng iu ngi hng dn
cn rt kinh nghim

TNG THI GIAN: 45

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
TI LIU PHT TAY

Ti liu pht tay s 1

Vng i con bm

Vng i sn phm

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Ti liu pht tay s 2: Bng nh gi vng i tc ng mi trng ca sn phm
Sn phm dng nh gi: ___________________________
Phn tch kim k:
Bc 1 Thu thp nguyn vt liu: Mi nguyn, vt liu trong sn
phm u c vng i ring ca n. Di y danh sch nhng
nguyn, vt liu (kim loi v cht do) trong sn phm ca bn.
Mt im c n nh cho mi nguyn vt liu khc nhau trong
sn phm ca bn.
Mu ca nguyn liu th im
1
1
1
1
1
Tng cc im

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Bc 3 - Sn xut: Tt c nguyn, vt liu c gia cng trong sn phm ca bn phi
c mt hnh dng nht nh v c mu m c th, v d to thnh mt s sn phm c ch
nh inh vt hay cn gt nha. Lit k danh sch cc b phn khc nhau trong sn phm
ca bn. Mt im c n nh cho mi phn khc nhau trong sn phm ca bn.

Cc b phn ca sn phm im
1
1
1
1
1
1
Tng cc im

Bc 4 ng gi: Sn phm c ng gi nh th no em i bn? Khoanh trn

vo tng ng vi sn phm ca bn v ghi tng s im.

ng gi sn phm S im
Khng ng gi 0
ng gi bng giy hoc ba cc-tng 5
ng gi bng cc cht nha 15
ng gi bng giy ba v nha 10
ng gi bng nha polystryen v cao su 15
C hng dn s dng c nh km 5
trn bao b
Tng im

Bc 5 - Vn chuyn: Khi sn phm c ng gi th chng cn phi c vn

chuyn ti mt ni no d tr hoc bn. Vn chuyn bi xe ti, my bay hay l
tu thy i hi mt s tiu th nng lng (xng) nht nh v ng thi gp phn lm
nhim mi trng. Khoanh trn vo tng ng pha di cho s vn chuyn ca sn
phm.

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
 S vn chuyn im
Bng my bay, xe ti, tu thu . 15
Khng g c 1
Tng im

Bc 6 - S dng sn phm: Mi sn phm u c s dng trong mt khong thi gian

nht nh. Chng c th c ti s dng. Khoanh trn vo tng ng cho vic s dng
sn phm.

Thi gian s dng im

Sn phm c s dng mt ln 15
Sn phm c th s dng trong 5 nm 10
Sn phm c th s dng hn 10 nm 5
Tng im

Bc 7 Hy b: Mt sn phm sau khi c s dng c th b tiu hy hoc c ti

ch. Khoanh trn vo tng ng cho sn phm ca bn.
Phn sn phm c sn xut t cht im
do hoc kim loi
Sn phm b vt b 15
Mt s nguyn liu ca sn phm c th 5
c ti ch
Tt c sn phm v cc nguyn vt liu 0
u c ti ch
Tng im

Phn tch tc ng:

Bn hy tnh tng im qua cc bc cho sn phm ca bn xc nh r ton b nhng
tc ng ca sn phm ti mi trng.

Tng im

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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
Hy so snh ton b nhng tc ng ti mi trng gia sn phm ca bn vi sn phm
ca cc nhm khc.
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Ti liu pht tay s 3:

Phn tch nhng s ci tin:
1. Nu c thay i, bn c th thay i nhng g trong sn phm gim thiu tc
ng ti mi trng? Miu t c th.
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2. Nhn vo phn phn tch kim k pha trn. Bn hy tnh ton li s im ca mnh
nu c p dng nhng ci tin m bn ch ra trn vo sn phm ca mnh. S
im bn c thay i khng? Nu c th thay i bao nhiu?
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3. Bn cn lm g gim thiu tc ng ti mi trng ca sn phm ca bn hn na?
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam
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4. Di y l mt vi mu nh gi k thut v vng i ca sn phm. Bn hy c
ba s m t di y:
Mi vng i ca sn phm u t nguyn vt liu th cha ch bin (ngun gc) cho
ti b giai on b thanh l (vt b).
Mt phn vng i ca sn phm theo kho st cho thy sn phm t nguyn vt liu
th (ngun gc) cho ti cnh cng ca c s sn xut (cnh cng) trc khi chng
c vn chuyn ti ngi tiu dng.
nh gi v mt vng i ca sn phm, khi kt thc cc giai on th n cn bao
gm c vic ti ch cc sn phm c tr thnh sn phm mi. Sn phm c ti
ch c th ging hoc khc so vi cc sn phm ban u.
Miu t no ph hp nht vi sn phm ca bn? Ti sao?
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Bn quyn ting Vit thuc v Trung tm E&C v Cng ty TNHH IBM Vit Nam