The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Cuba

THE PLANT BUGS,
OR MIRIDAE
(HEMIPTERA:
HETEROPTERA),
OF CUBA
by
Luis M. Hernndez
&
Thomas J. Henry
The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba 1
The Plant Bugs,

or Miridae
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera),
of Cuba
2 Luis M. Hernndez & Thomas J. Henry
This page intentionally left blank

THE PLANT BUGS,

OR MIRIDAE
(HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA),
OF CUBA
by
Luis M. Hernndez
and
Thomas J. Henry
SofiaMoscow
2010
THE PLANT BUGS, OR MIRIDAE

(HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA), OF CUBA
by Luis M. Hernndez and Thomas J. Henry
(LMH) The Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, DCII 3rd Floor, South Side,
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
E-mail: l.hernandez@nhm.ac.uk
(TJH) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, ARS, USDA, c/o P. O. Box 37012,
National Museum of Natural History, MRC-0168, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012
E-mail: thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov
First published 2010

ISBN 978-954-642-529-4
Pensoft Series Faunistica No 92
ISSN 1312-0174
PENSOFT Publishers
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Printed in Bulgaria, March 2010

CONTENTS
Abstract ...................................................................................................... 14
Introduction .............................................................................................. 15
Methods ..................................................................................................... 16
Depositories .............................................................................................. 17
Cuban Geography.................................................................................... 18
Biogeography ........................................................................................... 19
Taxonomy .................................................................................................. 22
Key to Cuban subfamilies of Miridae ....................................................... 22
Subfamily Bryocorinae............................................................................. 23
Key to Cuban tribes of Bryocorinae ......................................................... 23
Tribe Bryocorini ...................................................................................... 24
Genus Monalocoris Dalhbom ................................................................... 24
M. americanus Wagner and Slater ....................................................... 24
Tribe Dicyphini ....................................................................................... 25
Key to Cuban genera of Dicyphini .......................................................... 25
Genus Engytatus Reuter ........................................................................... 26
Key to Cuban species of Engytatus ........................................................... 26
E. modestus (Distant) .......................................................................... 26
E. varians (Distant) ............................................................................ 27
Genus Macrolophus Fieber ....................................................................... 28

Key to Cuban species of Macrolophus ....................................................... 28
M. basicornis (Stl) ............................................................................. 29
M. praeclarus (Distant) ....................................................................... 29
Genus Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy ..................................................................... 30
N. tenuis (Reuter) ............................................................................... 30
Tribe Eccritotarsini .................................................................................. 31
Key to Cuban genera of Eccritotarsini ..................................................... 31
Genus Aguayomiris Maldonado ................................................................ 32
A. pallipes Maldonado ........................................................................ 33
Genus Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl ........................................ 33
C. pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl ................................................... 34
Genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter ........................................................................ 34
Key to the Cuban species of Cyrtocapsus ................................................... 34
C. caligineus (Stl) .............................................................................. 35
C. femoralis Reuter ............................................................................. 36
Genus Eurycipitia Reuter ......................................................................... 36
E. clarus (Distant) .............................................................................. 36
Genus Heterocoris Gurin-Menville ........................................................ 37
H. dilatatus Gurin-Menville ............................................................ 37
Genus Notolobus Reuter ........................................................................... 38
N. dimidiatus (Gurin-Menville) ...................................................... 38
Genus Pycnoderes Gurin-Menville ......................................................... 39
Key to the Cuban species of Pycnoderes .................................................... 39
P. angustatus Reuter ............................................................................ 40
P. quadrimaculatus Gurin-Menville ................................................. 40
P. similaris, n. sp. ................................................................................ 41
P. vanduzeei Reuter............................................................................. 42
Genus Pycnoderiella Henry ...................................................................... 42

P. insularis Henry ............................................................................... 43
Genus Sysinas Distant .............................................................................. 43
S. centralis Distant .............................................................................. 43
Subfamily Cylapinae ................................................................................ 44
Tribe Fulviini ........................................................................................... 44
Genus Fulvius Stl ................................................................................... 44
Key to Cuban Species of Fulvius ............................................................. 45
F. anthocoroides (Reuter) ..................................................................... 45
F. bisbistillatus (Stl) ........................................................................... 46
F. cavernus, n. sp. ............................................................................... 46
Subfamily Deraeocorinae ......................................................................... 47
Key to Cuban tribes of Deraeocorinae ..................................................... 48
Tribe Clivinematini ................................................................................ 48
Genus Ambracius Stl............................................................................... 49
A. dufouri Stl .................................................................................... 49
Tribe Deraeocorini................................................................................... 50
Genus Diplozona Van Duzee.................................................................... 51
D. collaris Van Duzee ......................................................................... 51
Tribe Hyaliodini ...................................................................................... 51
Key to the Cuban genera of Hyaliodini.................................................... 52
Genus Hyaliodes Reuter ........................................................................... 52
H. vittaticornis Bruner ........................................................................ 52
Genus Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira ................................................... 53
P. cubanus (Bruner) ............................................................................ 53
Genus Paracarnus Distant ........................................................................ 54
Key to Cuban species of Paracarnus ........................................................ 54
P. myersi China ................................................................................... 55
P. puncticollis (Motschulsky) ............................................................... 56
Tribe Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas .................................................. 56

Genus Eustictus Reuter............................................................................. 57
Key to Cuban species of Eustictus ............................................................. 57
E. brunnipunctatus Maldonado .......................................................... 57
E. soroaensis, n. sp............................................................................... 58
Tribe Termatophylini ............................................................................... 58
Genus Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius ............................................. 59
T. pilosa Reuter and Poppius .............................................................. 59
Subfamily Isometopinae .......................................................................... 60
Tribe Diphlebini ...................................................................................... 60
Genus Diphleps Bergroth ......................................................................... 61
Key to the Cuban species of Diphleps ....................................................... 61
D. henryi Hernndez .......................................................................... 61
D. maldonadoi Henry......................................................................... 62
Subfamily Mirinae ................................................................................... 62
Key to Cuban tribes of Mirinae ............................................................... 63
Tribe Mirini ............................................................................................. 63
Key to Cuban genera of Mirini ............................................................... 63
Genus Adelphocoris Reuter ....................................................................... 65
A. rapidus (Say) .................................................................................. 65
Genus Calondas Distant........................................................................... 66
C. fasciatus Distant ............................................................................. 66
Genus Creontiades Distant ....................................................................... 67
Key to the Cuban species of Creontiades ................................................... 67
C. debilis Van Duzee .......................................................................... 67
C. rubrinervis (Stl) ............................................................................ 68
Genus Dagbertus Distant ......................................................................... 68
Key to Cuban species of Dagbertus........................................................... 69
D. fasciatus (Reuter) ........................................................................... 69
D. olivaceus (Reuter) .......................................................................... 70

D. semipictus (Blatchley)..................................................................... 70
Genus Derophthalma Berg ....................................................................... 71
Key to Cuban species of Derophthalma ................................................... 71
D. elongata, n. sp. ............................................................................... 72
D. guantanamoensis, n. sp. .................................................................. 72
Genus Derophthalmoides Maldonado ....................................................... 74
D. multimaculatus Maldonado ........................................................... 74
Genus Horcias Distant ............................................................................. 74
H. multilineatus, n. sp. ....................................................................... 75
Genus Phytocoris Falln ............................................................................ 76
Key to Cuban species of Phytocoris .......................................................... 77
P. angustifrons Knight ......................................................................... 78
P. ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl ................................................ 79
P. armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl ................................................... 80
P. banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl ................................................ 80
P. cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl .................................................. 81
P. iani Hernndez and Stonedahl........................................................ 81
P. imias Hernndez and Stonedahl...................................................... 81
P. maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl ............................................. 82
P. similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl ................................................. 82
P. turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl............................................ 83
Genus Polymerus Hahn ............................................................................ 83
P. testaceipes (Stl) ............................................................................... 83
Genus Proba Distant................................................................................ 85
P. distanti (Atkinson) .......................................................................... 85
Genus Taylorilygus Leston ........................................................................ 86
T. apicalis (Fieber) .............................................................................. 86
Genus Tropidosteptes Uhler....................................................................... 87
Key to Cuban species of Tropidosteptes ..................................................... 87

T. cubanus, n. sp. ................................................................................ 88
T. tumidus, n. sp. ................................................................................ 88
Tribe Restheniini ..................................................................................... 89
Genus Prepops Reuter............................................................................... 90
Key to Cuban species of Prepops ............................................................... 90
P. atripennis (Reuter) .......................................................................... 91
P. candelariensis, n. sp. ........................................................................ 91
P. cruciferus (Berg) .............................................................................. 92
P. cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner ..................................................... 93
P. latipennis (Stl) ............................................................................... 93
P. maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes .................................................... 94
P. santiagoensis, n. sp. .......................................................................... 95
Tribe Stenodemini ................................................................................... 95
Key to Cuban genera of Stenodemini ...................................................... 96
Genus Collaria Provancher ...................................................................... 96
C. oleosa (Distant) .............................................................................. 97
Genus Dolichomiris Reuter ...................................................................... 98
D. linearis Reuter ............................................................................... 98
Genus Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes ............................................ 99
N. moaensis, n. sp. ............................................................................ 100
Genus Trigonotylus Fieber ...................................................................... 101
T. tenuis (Reuter).............................................................................. 101
Subfamily Orthotylinae ......................................................................... 102
Key to Cuban tribes of Orthotylinae...................................................... 102
Tribe Ceratocapsini................................................................................ 103
Genus Ceratocapsus Reuter ..................................................................... 103
Key to Cuban species of Ceratocapsus .................................................... 104
C. alayoi Hernndez and Henry ....................................................... 105
C. avelinae Maldonado .................................................................... 105

C. cubanus Bergroth ......................................................................... 106
C. holguinensis Hernndez and Henry .............................................. 107
C. punctulatus (Reuter)..................................................................... 107
C. stonedahli Hernndez and Henry ................................................. 108
Genus Sericophanes Reuter ..................................................................... 109
S. parviceps Poppius.......................................................................... 109
Tribe Halticini ....................................................................................... 109
Genus Halticus Hahn............................................................................. 110
H. bractatus (Say) ............................................................................. 110
Tribe Orthotylini ................................................................................... 111
Key to Cuban genera of Orthotylini ...................................................... 111
Genus Falconia Distant .......................................................................... 112
Key to the Cuban species of Falconia ..................................................... 112
F. jamaicensis Carvalho ..................................................................... 113
F. semirasa (Distant) ......................................................................... 113
Genus Hyalochloria Reuter ..................................................................... 114
Key to the Cuban species of Hyalochloria ............................................... 114
H. caviceps Reuter ............................................................................ 115
H. unicolor Reuter ............................................................................ 115
Genus Itacoris Carvalho ......................................................................... 116
I. trimaculatus Maldonado ............................................................... 116
Genus Jobertus Distant ........................................................................... 117
J. chryselectrus Distant ...................................................................... 117
Genus Parthenicus Reuter ...................................................................... 118
P. sparsus (Distant)............................................................................ 118
Genus Proboscidotylus Henry .................................................................. 119
P. nigrosquamis (Maldonado) ............................................................ 120
Subfamily Phylinae ................................................................................ 120
Key to Cuban tribes of Phylinae ............................................................ 120

Tribe Hallodapini .................................................................................. 121
Genus Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter .................................................................. 121
C. cubanus Poppius .......................................................................... 121
Tribe Leucophoropterini ........................................................................ 122
Genus Tytthus Fieber .............................................................................. 122
Key to Cuban species of Tytthus ............................................................. 122
T. neotropicalis (Carvalho) ................................................................ 123
T. parviceps (Reuter) ......................................................................... 123
Tribe Phylini .......................................................................................... 124
Key to Cuban genera of Phylini ............................................................. 124
Genus Platyscytus Reuter ........................................................................ 125
P. binotatus Reuter ............................................................................ 125
Genus Pseudatomoscelis Poppius ............................................................. 126
Key to Cuban species of Pseudatomoscelis ............................................... 126
P. insularis Henry ............................................................................. 127
P. seriata (Reuter) ............................................................................. 127
Genus Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy................................................................. 128
Key to Cuban species of Reuteroscopus .................................................... 128
R. hamatus Kelton ............................................................................ 128
R. ornatus (Reuter) ........................................................................... 129
Genus Rhinacloa Reuter ......................................................................... 130
Key to Cuban Species of Rhinacloa ........................................................ 130
R. basalis (Reuter) ............................................................................ 131
R. cardini (Barber and Bruner) ......................................................... 132
R. clavicornis (Reuter)....................................................................... 132
R. pallidipes Maldonado ................................................................... 133
Genus Spanagonicus Berg ....................................................................... 134
S. albofasciatus (Reuter) .................................................................... 134
Tribe Pilophorini ................................................................................... 134

Key to Cuban Genera of Pilophorini ..................................................... 135
Genus Pilophorus Hahn ......................................................................... 135
P. cubanus, n. sp. .............................................................................. 135
Genus Sthenaridea Reuter ...................................................................... 137
Key to Cuban Species of Sthenaridea...................................................... 137
S. araguaiana (Carvalho) .................................................................. 137
S. carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz ...................................................... 138
S. maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz .................................................. 139
S. vulgaris (Distant) .......................................................................... 139
Species of Miridae incorrectly listed from Cuba ..................................... 140
Acknowledgments ................................................................................ 142
References ............................................................................................... 143
Figures ...................................................................................................... 159
Index to Insect Names .......................................................................... 202
Index to Plant Names............................................................................ 211

ABSTRACT
The plant bugs, or Miridae (Heteroptera), of Cuba are reviewed. Prior to this study, 55
genera and about 80 species were known from Cuba. Heterocoris cyaneus Knight is syno-
nymized under Heterocoris dilatataus Gurin-Menville, new synonymy; and Adfalconia
bicolor Maldonado, under Falconia semirasa (Distant), new synonymy. The four species
Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler), Polymerus basalis (Reuter), Proba sallei (Stl), and Sixeonotus
insignis Reuter are excluded from the Cuban list based on examination of Pastor Alayos
material and the literature. The following new species are described: Pycnoderes similaris,
n. sp. (Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini); Fulvius cavernus, n. sp. (Cylapinae: Fulviini); Eustic-
tus soroaensis, n. sp. (Deraeocorinae: Surinamellini); Derophthalma guantanamoensis, n.
sp.; D. elongata, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini); Horcias multilineatus, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini);
Tropidosteptes cubanus, n. sp.; T. tumidus, n. sp. (Mirinae: Mirini); Prepops candelariensis,
n. sp.; Prepops santiagoensis, n. sp. (Mirinae: Restheniini); Neotropicomoris moaensis, n.
sp. (Mirinae: Stenodemini); and Pilophorus maldonadoi, n. sp. (Phylinae: Pilophorini).
With the description of 12 new species, the removal of four misidentified species, two
new synonymies, and new records for two genera and 18 species, 57 genera and 105 spe-
cies are now known from Cuba. A diagnosis is provided for each genus and species, and
information on distribution and host plants is given. Male genitalia are illustrated for most
species, and a color or black and white dorsal habitus photograph is provided for all avail-
able species. The biogeography of the Cuban and West Indian mirid fauna is discussed.
INTRODUCTION
The Miridae, commonly called plant bugs, represent the largest family in the Heterop-
tera (Hemiptera), with well over a quarter to one third of the known species (Henry and
Wheeler, 1988; Henry, 2009a). The family comprises about 1,200 genera and more than
10,000 described species (Schuh, 1995; http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog/), although
it is estimated that the world fauna will exceed 20,000 species when the tropical regions
are more fully studied (Henry and Wheeler, 1988).
Gurin-Menville (1857) produced the first paper devoted exclusively to Cuban
Heteroptera, which included descriptions of the new mirids Heterocoris dilatatus, Notolobus
dimidiatus, and Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus. Valds (1910, 1914) provided a checklist
and catalog of the insects based on the collection in the Museo de Instituto de Segunda
Enseanza de la Habana (now Instituto de Ecologa y Sistemtica). China (1931) added
one new species of Hyaliodini (Deraeocorinae) and Bruner (1934) described three ad-
ditional new hyaliodines and gave a key to these and the known species of Engytatus
Reuter (as Cyrtopeltis Fieber), Macrolopus Fieber, and Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy (as Cyrtopeltis).
Barber and Bruner (1946) described a number of new Heteroptera, including one new
phyline, Rhinacloa cardini. Alayo (1974) produced the most comprehensive treatment
of Cuban Miridae to date, which included 35 genera, 44 species, diagnoses of all species,
host information, and habitus illustrations for 28 species. Zayas (1988) discussed 39 spe-
cies of Miridae and reprinted Alayos (1974) figures in his synopsis of the Heteroptera of
Cuba. Maldonado (1986) provided a useful synopsis based largely on Alayos (1974) list
that included descriptions of two new genera, five new species, keys to the bryocorine
and ceratocapsine genera, and numerous redescriptions and clarifications of confused
or poorly known taxa. More recently, Hernndez (1993) described one new species of
Diphleps Bergroth (Isometopinae); Hernndez and Stonedahl (1996, 1997a) described a
new genus and species of Eccritotarsini (Bryocorinae) and nine new species of Phytocoris
Falln; and Hernndez and Henry (1999) added three new Ceratocapsus Reuter. Based
on these papers, about seven subfamilies, 55 genera, and about 80 species of Miridae
were known from Cuba before the present study (Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b).
Considering the fragmented knowledge of the Cuban Miridae, the length of time
that has passed since the last comprehensive treatment (Alayo 1974) [largely followed by
Zayas (1988)], and the availability of considerable new and unworked material, we felt a
synopsis of the Cuban Miridae was appropriate. This work is based on the literature and
the first authors study of collections housed in Cuban institutions and other material
found primarily in the collections of The Natural History Museum, London, UK, and
The National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Herein, we record 57 genera and 105 species of Miridae for Cuba.
METHODS
Keys to subfamilies, tribes, and genera are largely original, except where noted as adapted
from various sources with certain modifications, including Carvalho (1952b; 1955a),
Alayo (1974), Schuh (1974), Hernndez (1993), and Schuh and Slater (1995). The ter-
minology and structure for pretarsi follow that of Schuh (1976) and Carvalho and Costa
(1997) (Figs. 110). We follow Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov (2003) for genitalic
terms, with minor exceptions. Keys to the higher group categories are modified from
the literature (e.g., Alayo, 1974; Hernndez, 1993; Carvalho and Costa, 1997). Keys to
genera and species are written for the identification of taxa known from Cuba and may
have limited application outside this region.
Dissections of the male genitalia were performed using the technique described by
Kelton (1959). The vesica was illustrated with the secondary gonopore facing upward
and the membranous lobes directed away from the observer following Stonedahl (1988a,
b). Genitalia were maintained in glycerine jelly during illustration using a Wild M4A
compound microscope and Wild M20 stereoscopic microscope with a camera lucida.
After study, genitalic structures were placed in microvials containing glycerine and pinned
to the specimen for permanent storage.
Color images were captured using an EntoVision Imaging Suite that included a
JVC Ky-75 3CCD digital camera mounted to a Leica M16 zoom lens via a Leica z-step
microscope stand. Multiple focal planes were merged using Cartograph 5.6.0 (Microvi-
sion Instruments, France) software. Plates were created in Adobe Photoshop CS4 and
numbered using Adobe Illustrator CS4.
Localities, habitats, and hosts were obtained from the literature; the index card cata-
logue of Estacin Experimental Agronmica Santiago de Las Vegas (Ciudad Habana) [now
in IES]; and specimens housed in the collection of the Instituto de Ecologa y Sistemtica
(IES) (Ciudad Habana), Laboratorio de Taxonoma (Facultad de Ciencias Agrcolas,Villa
Clara, Cuba), The Natural History Museum (London), the National Museum of Natural
History (Washington, D.C.). If a literature citation is not given under hosts, the record
is from the card catalogue at IES.
All measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer and are given in millimeters.
For each locality, the province, according to the political divisions in Cuba since
1974, is given in parentheses. Label data for holotypes and paratypes are recorded
verbatim and are listed separately. Only the total number of specimens is given for
specimens examinedwithout reference to sex. The reason for this deviation from usual
protocol is that early in the preparation of this manuscript, most material borrowed
from Cuban institutions was returned after they were identified and before these data
were collected. Subsequently, complications beyond our control prevented reborrowing
of these specimens to determine the sexes and number of specimens examined from
specific localities.
In species treatments, the citation of the original description, papers relevant to
taxonomic history in Cuba, and those including Cuban records are given. A more com-
plete listing of synonyms and world distribution of species can be found in the Carvalho
(19571959), Henry and Wheeler (1988), and Schuh (1995) catalogues. Scientific
plant names were checked against the International Plant Names Index (2009) and the
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), NRCS, The PLANTS Database
(2009). Wheelers (2001) Biology of the Miridae and the papers cited therein are major
sources of additional biological information, including hosts, biology, feeding habits,
and economic importance.
This paper is organized alphabetically by subfamily, tribe, genus, and species, and
follows Schuh (1995), with a few exceptions. We recognize the orthotyline tribe Cera-
tocapsini based on papers by Carvalho et al. (1983) and Henry (1985a, 1994, 2000,
2006) and follow the two-tribe classification documented by Gorczyca (2000) for the
Cylapinae. Provided for each previously known species are a diagnosis, information on
hosts and distribution, a color or black and white dorsal photograph (when specimens were
available), and illustrations of male genitalia for most species. For new species, a detailed
diagnosis and description, a dorsal photograph, and illustrations of male genitalia are given.
DEPOSITORIES
The following acronyms are used for institutions cited herein: AMNH (American Mu-
seum of Natural History, New York, USA); BMNH (The Natural History Museum,
London, UK); HG (Coleccin Horacio Grillo, Laboratario de Taxonomia, Universidad
Central de las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba); IES (Instituto de Ecologa y Sistemtica, La
Habana, Cuba); MM (Moravavske Museum, Brno, Czech Republic); USNM (National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA); and
ZMA (Zoological Museum, Entomology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands).
CUBAN GEOGRAPHY
The Cuban archipelago (Map 1), located in the Caribbean Sea (21E3N, 80E,00W), is
comprised of the main island and more than 4,000 much smaller surrounding islands.
It is located 145 km (90 mi) south of Florida (USA), 146 km (91 mi) north of Jamaica,
80 km (50 mi) west of Haiti, and 210 km (130 mi) east of Mexico. The largest of the
Caribbean islands, Cuba is rivaled only by Hispaniola in size and diversity. It is 1,199
km (745 mi) long and 200 km (124 mi) across the widest point and has a total land area
of 105,006 sq. km (40,543 sq. mi). The topography is mostly flat to rolling plains, with
hills and mountains in the Southeast. Pico Turquino at 2,005 m (6,578 ft) is the highest
point in Cuba. The second largest island is Isla de la Juventud, with an area of 3,056 sq.
km (1,179.9 sq. mi). Cuba is separated into one municipality and 14 provinces (Map
1): Isla de la Juventud (Island of Youth), Pinar del Rio, La Habana (Havana), Ciudad de
la Habana (Havana City), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spritus, Ciego de
vila, Camagey, Las Tunas, Granma, Holgun, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantnamo. The
24N m
1000
Havana City
Archipilago
de Sabana 750
La Habana Matanzas
Villa Clara
Pinar del
Rio Archipilago 500
22N Cienfuegos de Camagey
Sancti Spritus Ciego
Isla de la de
Juventud vila
250
Camagey
Las
Tunas 0
Archipilago Holgun
de la Reina Couto River
Manzanillo
Granma Santiago de Guantnamo
20N Cuba
km
0 100 200
18N
84W 82W 80W 78W 76W 74W
Map 1. Cuban outline map with provinces (modied from http://www.worldmapnder.com/En/
North_America/Cuba).
population of Cuba is 11,346,670 (2005 estimate); its largest city and capital is Havana,
with a population of 2,400,000 (CNAP, 2002; Wikipedia, 2009).
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Although no attempts have been made to analyse the origin of the Cuban and West
Indian mirid fauna, we consider factors that seem the most important in influencing the
distribution of Miridae in the Antilles.
Brown (1978) and Slater (1988) considered four levels of endemism for the West
Indian butterflies and lygaeoid faunas: family, genus, species, and subspecies. No endemism
is known at the family level in those groups, which is also true for the Miridae. The rate
of endemism at the generic level is low in the West Indies (Table 1). Cuba, the largest
island in the Antilles, has five endemic genera, followed by Jamaica (three), Puerto Rico
(one) and Hispaniola (one). In contrast, the percentage of endemism at the species level
is very high, especially in the Greater Antilles (Table 1).
Although studies such as those by Uhler (1893, 1894), Reuter (1907), Van Duzee
(1907), Alayo (1974), Maldonado (1969, 1986, 1991), and Schuh and Schwartz (1985,
1988) have greatly increased our knowledge of the systematics of Caribbean Miridae,
many groups remain poorly collected and require further taxonomic study. This is par-
ticularly true of the Lesser Antilles and many upland areas of the Greater Antilles, such
as the high mountains of west, central and east Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto
Rico, and Jamaica. In this study, we document 10 new generic records, 15 new species
records (Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b), and describe 12 new species, bringing the
total number of Miridae known from Cuba to 57 genera and 105 species.
The Cuban mirid fauna can be divided into four components: endemic, Neotropi-
cal, cosmopolitan, and Nearctic.
1. Genera endemic to Cuba and Antilles are Aguayomiris, Cubanomiris, Derophthalmoides,
Heterocoris, and Notolobus.
2. Cosmopolitan genera are Creontiades, Fulvius, Macrolophus, Monalocoris, Phytocoris,
Pilophorus, Polymerus, and Trigonotylus,
3. Nearctic elements are Adelphocoris, Cyrtopeltocoris, and Pseudatomoscelis.
4. Neotropical elements comprise most other genera in the family (e.g., Ceratocapsus,
Collaria, Derophthalma, Eurycipitia, Itacoris, Pycnoderes, and Reuteroscopus).
The strong affinities of the Caribbean fauna with that of Central and South America
are well documented (Liebherr, 1988). Suitable biogeographic explanations as to whether
dispersal or vicariance contributed more to the diversification of the Antillean fauna
remain controversial (Liebherr, 1988). In several groups of animals (e.g., butterflies,
Trichoptera, ants, frogs), a combined model of dispersal and vicariance better explains
the origin of the group, rather than a single model, whereas an overwater dispersal in the
Lygaeoidea might be most important (Baranowski and Slater, 2005). Oversea dispersal
on plant rafts and other floating debris (Darlington, 1930), however, does not appear
to be important in the distribution of Caribbean Miridae. Although mirids deposit eggs
inside plant tissue, they remain very sensitive to external conditions (e.g., salt water)
because of the exposed operculum (Wheeler, 2001). Also phytophagous mirids hatching
from plant material would need immediate access to the host plants for nutrition and
moisture, which is unlikely unless the plant species are established in litoral habitats on
the founding island. Henry and Wheeler (1982) stated that the movement of commercial
fruit plants may be responsible for the introduction of some species from the Antilles
to Florida (e.g., eggs inside fruits and stems; adults and nymphs on nursery stock). This
method of dispersal is well documented within the Holarctic mirid fauna (Wheeler and
Henry, 1992). Moreover, Henry and Wheeler (1982) agreed that the effect of strong
winds is a major source of dispersal for Miridae in the Caribbean, arguing that mirids
are capable of long-range dispersal by self-sustained flights as well as passive movements
on convective air currents (see also discussion in Wheeler, 2001). This idea is supported
by Brailovsky (1985) and Brailovsky and Garcia (1987) in explaining the distributions
of several genera of Coreidae in the Caribbean. Wheeler and Henry (1992) also pointed
out that many species of grass-feeding Miridae deposit eggs in the seeds of graminaceous
plants, which are easily carried on strong wind currents.
Many authors, however, do not accept that dispersal has had a significant effect on
the present-day distribution of many insects (Miller and Miller, 1989). Rosen (1975)
presented a vicariant model to explain the biogeography of the Caribbean, commencing
in the early Eocene (50 mya) and passing through four major stages (Miller and Miller,
1989). Vicariance events among land masses connected in the past seem a better expla-
nation for the distributions of some group of insects and mammals in the West Indies
(Liebherr, 1988; Roisin et al. 1996). Liebherr (1988), in his analysis of Platynus Bonelli
(Coleoptera: Carabidae), used Rosens (1975) tectonic model to show that the origin of
the species of this genus in the West Indies came from an ancestor track, occurring
on mainland Central America. He concluded that a mixture of overwater dispersal and
vicariance events best explained the origin of the present fauna.
We accept that the occurrence of these two events seems to explain the distribution of
the Miridae in the Caribbean and agree with Wheeler and Henry (1992) and Hernndez
and Stonedahl (1997a) that an extensive survey of the West Indies and southern Florida
is needed to better elucidate the origin of the Caribbean mirid fauna. We hope the pres-
ent treatise encourages additional island studies that will expand our knowledge of this
poorly studied region.
Table 1. Diversity of the Caribbean Miridae (information collected from Carvalho, 1957, 1958a,
1958b, 1959; Henry and Wheeler, 1988, 1992; and Schuh, 1995).
ISLANDS No. Gen. No. Sp. No. Endemic Gen. (%) No. Endemic Sp. (%)
Bahamas 6 8 0 (0) 0 (0.82)
Bermuda 11 11 0 (0) 1 (0.82)
Greater Antilles
Cuba 54 110 5 (2.87) 29 (13.15)
Isla de la Juventud 16 18 0 (0) 0 (0)
Cayman Islands ? 8 ? (?) ? (?)
Jamaica 36 48 3 (1.44) 18 (8.14)
Hispaniola 22 28 1 (0.48) 7 (3.16)
Puerto Rico 40 63 1 (0.48) 27 (12.21)
Leeward Islands
Virgin Islands 2 4 0 (0) 2 (0.90)
Guadaloupe 11 13 0 (0) 7 (3.15)
Antigua 5 7 0 (0) 0 (0)
Dominica 5 13 0 (0) 1 (0.48)
St. Eustatius 2 2 0 (0) 0 (0)
Saba Island 1 1 0 (0) 1 (0.90)
Windward Islands
Martinique 2 2 0 (0) 1 (0.45)
Grenada 15 23 0 (0) 4 (1.80)
St. Vincent 7 7 0 (0) 2 (0.90)
Netherlands Antilles 7 11 0 (0) 3 (1.20)

Trinidad-Tobago 9 18 0(0) 2 (0.90)
TAXONOMY
Key to Cuban Subfamilies of Miridae

(Modified from Alayo, 1974; Hernndez, 1993; Carvalho and Costa, 1997)
1. Tarsi two segmented, the first segment shorter than the second; ocelli present
(Fig.44) .....................................................................Isometopinae Baerensprung
Tarsi three segmented (Figs. 9, 10); ocelli absent .................................................2
2. Parempodia large and free, arising between the claws (Figs. 6, 7) ........................ 3
Parempodia absent, substituted by a pair of straight setae (Figs. 4, 5, 8) ..............4
3. Parempodia divergent at apices, usually dilated (Fig. 6); prominent pronotal collar
present, separated from pronotum by a deep furrow............... Mirinae Hahn
Parempodia convergent at apices, usually slender (Fig. 7); pronotal collar absent, if
present, narrow and not separated from pronotum by a deep furrow .....................
.......................................................................................Orthotylinae Van Duzee
4. Pulvilli present, free, or connected along inner surface of claws, sometimes difficult
to see, in which case the collar is always absent ................................................... 5
Pulvilli absent; collar present or absent, when absent, claws very long, smooth, and
slender ................................................................................................................6
5. Pulvilli arising from the base or inner margin of claw (Fig. 8); hemelytral membrane
with two cells; tarsi uniformly slender ........................Phylinae Douglas and Scott
Pulvilli arising from the ventral surface of the claw (Fig. 2); hemelytral membrane
with one or two cells (Dicyphini); tarsi thickened distally (Eccritotarsini) or very
slender with very tiny pretarsi (Dicyphini) ...................Bryocorinae Baerensprung
6 Claws distinctly toothed at bases (Fig. 3), never toothed apically ...........................
.........................................................................Deraeocorinae Douglas and Scott
Claws not toothed or thickened basally (Fig. 4), apex always with a fine subapical
tooth visible under relatively high magnification ....................Cylapinae Kirkaldly
Subfamily Bryocorinae Baerensprung
Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of three-segmented tarsi, pulvilli attached

at base of claw (sometimes difficult to see), the often distally thickened tarsi, or if slen-
der, with tiny, indistinct claws. Eccritotarsines usually have only one closed cell on the
hemelytral membrane.
Remarks. This is fourth largest subfamily of Miridae, comprised of three tribes,
five subtribes, and about 200 genera (Schuh and Slater, 1995). Schuh (1995) and Schuh
and Slater (1995) included the Dicyphini (including Dicyphina, Monaloniina, and
Odoniellina), previously recognized as a subfamily (Cassis, 1984), with the Bryocorini
and Eccritotarsini (including Eccritotarsina and Palaucorina). Carvalho and Ferreira
(1995) provided a key to separate the bryocorine genera in the Neotropical Region. The
Bryocorinae are represented in Cuba by three tribes, 12 genera, and 17 species.
Key to Cuban Tribes of Bryocorinae

(Modified from Schuh and Slater, 1995)
1. Tarsi uniformly slender; slender, delicate species, sometimes spotted dorsally; geni-
tal capsule often bearing tubercules or processes on the right side (Fig. 123, 129);
pretarsal structures very small, pulvilli small; parempodia present (Fig. 5) .............
..................................................................................................Dicyphini Reuter
Tarsi dilated distally; oval, robust species, without dorsal spots; genital capsule
without tubercules on the right side; pulvilli large, distinct; parempodia present or
absent (Figs. 2) ....................................................................................................2
2. Claws without true pulvilli, but with pseudopulvilli arising from the unguitractor
plate, recurved and convergent apically; parempodia absent; metathoracic scent
efferent system with bulbous peritremal disc and distinct ostiolar canal .................
......................................................................................Bryocorini Baerensprung
Claws with large and flattened pulvilli (Fig. 2), arising or continuing from the inner
claw surface, without pseudopulvilli; parempodia asymmetrical; metathoracic scent
efferent system usually with a narrow tongue-shaped peritremal disc and weakly
developed ostiolar canal............................................................Eccritotarsini Berg
Tribe Bryocorini Baerensprung
Diagnosis. Members of this tribe have a rounded pronotal collar, a reduced number
of femoral trichobothria, and all species feed on ferns (Schuh, 1976, 1995; Schuh and
Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001).
Remarks. Only one of the five known genera occurs in Cuba.
Genus Monalocoris Dalhbom
Monalocoris Dalhbom, 1851: 209. Type species: Cimex filicis Linnaeus, 1758.
Diagnosis. Small, oval, pale yellow to brown species. Head short. Labium not surpass-
ing apex of mesocoxae. Pronotum finely punctate, with posterior margin straight; collar
width less than width of antennal segment II. Hemelytra broadly rounded, embolium
wide; cuneal fracture distinct.
This genus is comprised of 14 species (Schuh, 1995), with only two previously
known from the West Indies.
Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater

(Figs. 11, 119-121)
Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater, 1952: 270 (in part); Henry and Wheeler, 1988:
259 (cat., in part); Schuh, 1995: 478 (cat., in part); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b:
21 (list).
Monalocoris filicis: Bruner et al., 1945: 69 (host); Alayo, 1974: 18 (diag., host); Bruner et
al., 1975: 131 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (diag.); Schuh,
1995: 479 (cat., in part).
Diagnosis. Male: Broadly rounded; general coloration pale yellow, some specimens
darker yellowish brown, especially on scutellum, clavus, and inner portion of corium.
Antennal segment I longer than head length in dorsal view, pale yellow; II three times
longer than I, pale yellow basally, brown to apex; III and IV subequal, brown; all seg-
ments covered with short, erect, yellow setae. Pronotum distinctly, but finely punctate.
Scutellum and hemelytra with semierect, yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 119-121).
Total length 2.00-2.25 mm.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 11). Similar to male in general shape and coloration.
Host. Collected on Dryopteris oligophylla Maxin [Aspidiaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945;
Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975).
Specimens Examined. Cuba, 6 specimens: Hoyo de Fania, Viales (Pinar del Rio);
Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, HG, IES). USA: 10 specimens:
Massachusetts (BMNH).
Discussion. All records of M. filicis (Linnaeus) in the New World should be referred
to M. americanus. The left paramere of the specimens examined is similar to the one of
M. americanus figured by Wagner and Slater (1952), although the Cuban specimens are
slightly smaller, less robust, and paler yellowish brown than specimens from the United
States. Maldonado (1986) considered records of M. filicis from Cuba to be a misidenti-
fication of M. americanus.
Tribe Dicyphini Reuter
Diagnosis. Body elongate to elongate oval. Head elongate, often extended behind weakly
protrudent eyes. Antenna evenly slender. Pronotum trapeziform, with a distinct narrow
collar, anterior margin much narrower than posterior margin. Mesoscutum wide, broadly
exposed; scutellum equilateral. Hemelytron entire, often translucent in Cuban taxa.
Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area often reduced.
Discussion. The position of Dicyphinae is problematic. Carvalho (1955a), Alayo
(1974), and Maldonado (1986) treated it as a part of the Pilophorinae, at the time con-
sidered a subfamily. Schuh (1974, 1976), however, moved the dicyphines to Bryocorinae,
a placement followed by Henry and Wheeler (1988) and Schuh and Slater (1995). Other
authors, such as Cassis (1986), Carvalho and Ferreira (1994b), and Carvalho and Costa
(1997), have considered it a separate subfamily. We follow Schuhs (1976) arrangement
in this paper, recognizing that the current placement of the Dicyphini requires additional
study. This tribe is represented in Cuba by three genera and five species.
Key to Cuban Genera of Dicyphini
1. Side of head behind eyes parallel, with a black vitta behind each eye; eyes small,
oblique; postocular distance of head almost equal to dorsal width of eye; male
genitalia (Figs.124-127) dorsal habitus (Figs. 14,15) ............... Macrolophus Fieber
Side of head behind eyes convergent, without a black vitta behind each eye; eyes larger,
more prominent; postocular distance of head always less than eye width ............... 2
2. Right margin of genital capsule with a narrow, elongate, undivided tubercle or process
on the right side (Fig. 129); left paramere larger than tubercle on genital capsule,
elbowed, with apical half long and slender (Fig. 128); dorsal habitus (Fig.16) ......
.............................................................................................Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy
Right margin of genital capsule usually with a bifurcate process (Fig. 123); left
paramere flattened apically, shorter than process on genital capsule; dorsal habitus
(Figs. 12,13)................................................................................Engytatus Reuter
Genus Engytatus Reuter
Engytatus Reuter 1876: 82. Type species: Engytatus geniculatus Reuter, 1876. Preoccupied.
Next available name Neosilia modesta Distant, 1893.
Diagnosis. Species of this genus can be recognized by the characters given in the preced-
ing generic key, especially by the bifurcate process on the genital capsule. Females of the
genus are more difficult to distinguish without an association with males.
Discussion. Engytatus, comprising 25 described species, now includes species origi-
nally placed in Cyrtopeltis Fieber (Schuh, 1995). Cassis (1984) revised the subgeneric
concepts of Cyrtopeltis and gave generic status to several subgenera, including Engytatus.
In doing so, he restricted Cyrtopeltis (sensu stricto) to the Palearctic and Oriental regions.
Engytatus is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Engytatus
1. Head uniformly pale green to greenish yellow; antennal segment I dark brown, with
apex narrowly pale; hind femora immaculate or with only a few indistinct spots;
length 3.75-4.00 mm; distal blade of left paramere (Fig. 122) relatively slender
apically; dorsal habitus (Fig. 12) .............................................. modestus (Distant)
Head pale, with a dark brown ring around neck behind eye, frons and clypeus dark
brown, leaving a narrow pale ring around eye; antennal segment I dark brown on
basal half (except narrowly pale at base) and pale or white on distal half; hind
femora distinctly spotted; length 3.20 mm; distal blade of left paramere broader;
dorsal habitus (Fig. 13) ...............................................................varians (Distant)
Engytatus modestus (Distant)

(Figs. 12, 122, 123)
Neosilia modesta Distant, 1893: 447 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and
Dolling, 1976: 802.
Cyrtopeltis (Engytatus) modestus: Carvalho, 1958a: 186 (cat.).
Cyrtopeltis modesta: Maldonado, 1969: 68 (descrip., host); 1986: 133 (list); Henry and
Wheeler, 1988: 260 (cat.).
Engytatus modestus: Schuh, 1995: 497 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 12). Overall coloration pale yellowish green, lack-
ing dark markings on the head, hemelytra, and hind femur.
Similar to E. varians, but distinguished by the pale head and hemelytra, non- or
less-spotted hind femur, and the more apically expanded left paramere. Also, similar to
Nesidiocoris tenuis but distinguished by the paler hemelytra and the bifurcate process on
the male genital capsule. Genitalia (Figs. 122,123). Total length 3.75-3.90 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general appearance.
Host. Collected on tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]. This spe-
cies has been reported preying on dipteran and lepidopteran eggs and larvae, aphids, and
mealybugs (Wheeler, 2001).
Type material examined. Neosilia modesta Distant, Lectotype , Guatemala, S.
Geronimo, Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 12 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio).
Alqizar (La Habana). Finca La Chata; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana).
Baracoa (Guantnamo). Bayamo (Granma). Pico Cuba (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES).
Discussion. We have not seen the specimens identified by Maldonado (1986) as
Cyrtopeltis modesta from Cuba.
Engytatus varians (Distant)

(Fig. 13)
Neoproba varians Distant, 1884: 271 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho
and Dolling, 1976: 809.
Engytatus varians: Carvalho, 1958a: 187 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 498 (cat.); Hernndez and
Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list).
Cyrtopeltis varians: Bruner et al., 1945: 103, 117 (host); Alayo, 1974: 24 (diag., host);
Bruner et al., 1975: 193 (host); Maldonado, 1969: 71 (descrip., host), 1986: 133
(note); Zayas, 1988: 145 (diag.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 13). General coloration pale green or pale green-
ish yellow. Eyes blackish red; ring behind eyes, frons, and clypeus dark brown. Antennal
segment I brown on basal half (except narrowly pale base), pale or whitish on distal half;
II brown, slightly paler at middle; III and IV brown. Pronotum pale green. Hemelytron
greenish with apex of corium (embolium) and cuneus dark brown. Legs yellow, with
distinct brown spots on hind femur; tarsi brown. Total length 3.20 mm.
This species is very similar to Nesidiocoris tenuis in general appearance, including the
dark markings on the head and apex of the corium and cuneus, but is readily distinguished
by the dark spots on the hind femur and the two-pronged process on the genital capsule.

Hosts. Reported from Amaranthus sp. [Amaranthaceae]; Helianthus annuus L.
[Asteraceae]; Heterotrichum cymosum Urb. [Melastomataceae]; tomato, Lycopersicum
esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae]; Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae]; Mentha requienii Benth.
[Lamiaceae]; Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae]; Selinum sp. [Apiaceae] (Bruner et al.,
1945, 1975; IES).
Type material examined. Lectotype and paralectotype (glued to same card),
Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. No Cuban specimens examined.
Discussion. We have not seen the specimens identified as C. varians by Maldonado
(1986), but have examined other material from Puerto Rico. Distant (1884) noted that
the coloration of this species is variable, with the second joint of the antennae sometimes
annulated with pale yellow. We have examined numerous specimens in the USNM col-
lection from the Neotropics and find that, although this species is widely recorded from
South and Central America and the West Indies, all records outside of Guatemala (the
type locality) need verification.
Genus Macrolophus Fieber
Macrolophus Fieber, 1858: 326. Type species: Capsus nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835.
Preoccupied. Next available name Phytocoris pygmaeus Rambur, 1839 (Henry and
Wheeler, 1988: 264).
Diagnosis. Species parallel-sided. Head elongate; postocular margin of vertex strongly

convex, always marked with a dark stripe behind eye; clypeus strongly pointed in front
of frons and widely separated from eyes. Hemelytra often brown spotted.
Discussion. Some species prey on whiteflies, aphids, and tetranychid mites, and
are often used for biological control in greenhouses (e.g., Ferran et al., 1996; Wheeler,
2001). Macrolophus contains 25 described species (Schuh, 1995). The New World species
are in need of revision. Two species occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Macrolophus
1. Dorsum uniformly pale yellow, except for the uniformly brown scutellum; antennal
segment II dark brown on distal third; dorsal habitus (Fig. 14) ..... basicornis (Stl)
Dorsum pale green, with apex of scutellum and a round spot at apex of corium
dark brown, clavus and corium evenly sprinkled with tiny, brown, setigerous
spots; antennal segment II uniformly pale; dorsal habitus (Fig. 15) ...................
...............................................................................................praeclarus (Distant)
Macrolophus basicornis (Stl)

(Figs. 14, 124, 125)
Deraeocoris basicornis Stl, 1860: 52 (orig. descrip.).

Pandama aureus Distant, 1883: 432 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1945b: 530.
Macrolophus basicornis: Alayo, 1974: 25 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 499 (cat.); Hernndez and
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 14). This species is shorter and more robust than
M. praeclarus. General coloration pale yellow, with only the scutellum dark brown. An-
tennal segment I dark brown to black; apical third of segment II dark brown to black;
remaining segments pale brown. Labium reaching metacoxae. Pronotum and scutellum
covered with erect, brown setae. Genitalia (Figs. 124, 125). Total length 3.00-3.15 mm.
Female: Similar to male in color and general appearance.
Host. Unknown.
Type specimen examined. Pandama aureus Distant, 1883: Holotype , Guatemala,
Las Mercedes, 300 ft, Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 8 specimens: Cinaga de Zapata (Matanzas).
Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (HG).
Macrolophus praeclarus (Distant)

(Figs. 15, 126, 127)
Pandama praeclara Distant, 1884: 271 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho
Macrolophus praeclarus: Bruner et al., 1945: 117 (host); Carvalho, 1958a: 204 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 25 (diag.); Bruner et al., 1975: 220 (host); Zayas, 1988: 146 (note); Schuh,
1995: 500 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 15). Similar to Macrolophus basicornis, but can
be distinguished by the narrower body form and dark brown spot on apex of the co-
rium. Antennal segment I brown; remaining segments pale yellowish brown. Labium
extending to or beyond metacoxae. Mesoscutum yellow with two parallel, pale brown
stripes. Scutellum brownish green. Pronotum greenish, posterior lobe brown in some
specimens. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, and hemelytra with brown setae, setae
on the hemelytra arising from distinct brown spots. Genitalia (Figs. 126, 127). Total
length 3.15-3.30 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general aspect.
Hosts. This species develops on Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al.,

1945, 1975). It has also been collected on Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae], sympatric
with Engytatus modestus and Nesidiocoris tenuis.
Type material examined. Lectotype : Guatemala, S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 18 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio).
Santiago de las Vegas (formerly Estacin Experimental Agronmica, E.E.A.) (Ciudad de
la Habana). Soledad (Cienfuegos) (1 BMNH; HG, IES).
Genus Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy
Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy, 1902: 247. Type species: Nesidiocoris volucer Kirkaldy, 1902, a junior
synonym of Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter, 1895.
Diagnosis. Species in this genus resemble those of Engytatus, but they can be distinguished
by the single rather than bifurcate process on the genital capsule.
Discussion. Twenty-five species of Nesidiocoris are known (Schuh, 1995). Only one
widespread species occurs in Cuba.
Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter)

(Figs. 16, 128-130)
Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter, 1895: 139 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 103 (host); Alayo,
1974: 24 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 192 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note,
host); Zayas, 1988: 145 (note).
Cyrtopeltis (Nesidiocoris) tenuis: Carvalho, 1958a: 188 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988:
260 (cat.).
Nesidiocoris tenuis: Schuh, 1995: 503 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 16). Head pale yellowish green; eyes black. An-
tennal segment I dark brown, middle, base, and apex yellowish; segment II yellowish,
dark brown basally, apex slightly darker; segments III and IV dark brown. Hemelytron
with outer area of corium near cuneal fracture and apex of cuneus dark brown. Femora
uniformly pale yellowish green, without black spots; tibiae pale yellowish green with
bases dark brown or fuscous. Genitalia (Figs. 128-130); genital capsule with a single,
elongate process (process bifurcate in species of Engytatus). Total length 3.00-3.50 mm.
Hosts. Recorded from tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae], and
Sesamum orientale Sieber ex Presl [Pedaliaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner
et al., 1975). It also has been observed attacking first-instar larvae of Heliothis virescens
(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera) (Sifontes et al., 1982; IES), and is known to prey on dipteran
and lepidopteran larvae, leafhoppers, thrips, and whiteflies (Wheeler, 2001).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 11 specimens: Alqizar (La Habana). El Cano, San-
tiago de la Vegas; Finca La Chata (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Tribe Eccritotarsini Berg
Diagnosis. Stonedahl (1988a) diagnosed this tribe as having the area of insertion of
femoral trichobothria 2, 3, and 4 swollen; pulvilli attached to inner surface to pretarsal
claws, posteroventral margin having a comblike row of long trichia; parempodia asym-
metrical; metathoracic scent gland opening reduced, usually with narrow tonguelike
peritremal disc and weak osteolar canal; and strongly developed male genitalia, with the
vesical sclerite bearing a small membranous region distally.
Discussion. About 100 genera and more than 600 species of Eccritotarsini are
known (Schuh, 1995). Eight genera and 11 species are recorded from Cuba.
Key to Cuban Genera of Eccritotarsini
1. Large species (4.00 mm or more), coloration bluish, black, and/or red; pronotum
only slightly or not elevated.................................................................................2
Small to medium-sized species (3.00 mm or less); coloration black, lacking bright
colors; pronotum elevated ...................................................................................6
2. Hemelytra and pronotum predominantly red .....................................................3

Hemelytra and pronotum not red ......................................................................4
3. Hemelytra sexually dimorphic, corium near cuneal fracture expanded over the
corium, cuneal fracture prominent; length about 5.00-6.00 mm; antennae, legs,
and corium not black with a bluish sheen; male with metafemur straight and not
excavated; dorsal habitus (Fig. 18); male genitalia (Figs. 131-133).........................
................................................................ Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl
Hemelytra not sexually dimorphic, corium near the cuneal fracture not expanded;
length about 4.00-5.00 mm; antennae, legs, and 2/3 of corium black with a metallic
blue sheen; male with metafemur curved, excavated on outer surface; dorsal habitus
(Fig. 24); male genitalia (Figs. 146-148)..................................... Notolobus Reuter
4. Species dark metallic blue; hemelytra sexually dimorphic, males with emboliar
margins greatly expanded; legs and antennae pale or white; dorsal habitus (Figs.
22, 23); male genitalia (Figs. 143-145) .....................Heterocoris Gurin-Menville
Species not dark metallic blue; not sexually dimorphic, hemelytra without expanded
emboliar margin; male genitalia different ............................................................5
5. Hemelytra black, with a bluish metallic sheen; head and pronotum pinkish yellow;
pronotum weakly constricted between calli; dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 21); male
genitalia (Figs. 140-142) ..........................................................Eurycipitia Reuter
Hemelytra brownish yellow, without bluish metallic sheen; head and pronotum
yellow only on lateral margins; pronotum distinctly constricted between calli; dorsal
habitus (Fig. 30); male genitalia (Figs. 163-165) ............................Sysinas Distant
6. Hemelytra and embolium broad; embolium usually with a pale or white spot at
base and/or apex and 2.0 to 2.2 times as broad as thickness of antennal segment I;
pronotum greatly swollen, usually with a median groove .....................................7
Hemelytra and embolium narrow; embolium without one or two pale spots and
slightly thicker than antennal segment I; pronotum weakly inflated ....................8
7. Pronotum with deep median groove; hemelytron largely dark, with only embolium
or spots on embolium pale; male genital capsule with a distinct tubercle over left
paramere; dorsal habitus (Figs. 25-28) ...................... Pycnoderes Gurin-Menville
Pronotum evenly rounded, without median groove; hemelytron largely pale, with
only clavus and a transverse bar through middle of corium dark; male genital capsule
lacking tubercle over left paramere; dorsal habitus (Fig. 29) ... Pycnoderiella Henry
8. Collar wider than calli or eye; left paramere curved, elongate with a basal appendage
(Fig. 130); right paramere short, wide caudally, with anterior margin serrate (Fig.
130); dorsal habitus (Fig. 17) .......................................... Aguayomiris Maldonado
Collar shorter than calli or eye; left and right paramere as in figs. 155-160; dorsal
habitus (Figs. 19, 20) ............................................................... Cyrtocapsus Reuter
Genus Aguayomiris Maldonado
Aguayomiris Maldonado, 1986: 125. Type species: Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado, 1986.
Diagnosis. Species with head roundly produced between antennae, finely sulcate and
punctate. Eye sessile, hemispherical. Antennal segment I shorter than width of vertex.
Pronotum punctate; collar longer mesally than dorsal length of an eye; calli distinct, short
and smooth. Scutellum punctate. Hemelytron with a narrow embolium.
Discussion. Aguayomiris is most similar to Sixeonotus in overall appearance, but can
be distinguished by the broad collar and the quite different male genitalia, especially the
parameres (Fig. 130). This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba (Maldonado, 1986).
Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado

(Figs. 17, 130)
Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado, 1986: 126 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 536 (cat.); Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list); Hernndez, 2001: 5 (clarification).
Sixeonotus insignis: Alayo, 1974: 19 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note).
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration black. Antennal segments I and II pale yellow;
segments III and IV black. Labium pale yellow, extending to mesocoxa. Membrane and
cells dark gray. Legs pale yellow. Genitalia (Fig. 130). Total length 2.40-2.70.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 17). Similar to male in general appearance.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Paratypes: 3 , 4 , Cuba: Prov. Habana, Habana-
Alamar-Cojimar, 2-10 m, 20.-25.vii.1966, leg. Jor. Prokop (2 , BMNH; 1 , 4 ,
USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: Punta de Hicacos (Pinar del Rio).
Bauta (Habana). Matanzas (IES).
Discussion. Aguayomiris pallipes has been confused with Sixeonotus insignis (e.g.,
Alayo 1974), but it can be distinguished by the broad collar and the structure of the male
parameres, especially the short, quadrate left paramere (long and slender in Sixeonotus).
Hernndez (2001) studied the Gundlach specimen listed by Alayo (1974) as S. insignis
Reuter and found that it is Maldonados A. pallipes.
Genus Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl
Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1996: 151. Type species: Cubanomiris pilosus
Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1996.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Bryocorinae by the overall red coloration,
with black areas on clavus and middle of corium; the black membrane; the stout setae on
lower margin of ostiolar peritreme; the prominent shiny process on the anterior margin
of male cuneus; the long setae on the legs; the strongly swollen middle tibia in males; and
the noticeably swollen first tarsal segment. This monotypic genus is known only from
Cuba (Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1996).
Cubanomiris pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 18, 131-133)
Cubanomiris pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1996: 156 (orig. descrip.); Hernndez and
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 18). Tibiae robust, sparsely covered with stout,
dark setae; pro- and mesotibia expanded apically; metatibia bent inward on distal third.
Genitalia (Figs. 131-133). Total length 5.00-6.00 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general aspect, except without the modifications to the
posterior region of corium, base of cuneus, and mesotibia.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Ciudamar, Santiago de Cuba, vi.1954,
Zayas-Alayo (IES). Paratypes: 3 and 1 , same data as for holotype, except Pastor
Alayo; 1 , same data as for holotype, except v.1947; 4 and 4 , same data as for
holotype, except x.1947, Pastor Alayo (AMNH, BMNH, IES, USNM); 1 , Pinares de
Viales, Pinar del Rio, vi.1966, P. Alayo (IES).
Genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter
Cyrtocapsus Reuter, 1876: 78. Type species: Capsus caligineus Stl, 1859.
Diagnosis. Head with an enlarged frons, pronotum slightly elevated, hemelytral embo-
lium broad, and hemelytra clothed with silky setae.
Discussion. Cyrtocapsus is similar to Aguayomiris, Pycnoderes, and Sixeonotus, but
is distinguished by the silky hemelytral pubescence and structure of the male genitalia.
Henry and Carvalho (1987) showed that the genus Hemisphaerodella Reuter, described
from nymphs, is a junior synonym of Cyrtocapsus Reuter, and provided a key to separate
species. It is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Cyrtocapsus
1. Middle and hind coxae brown, front coxae pale or white; left paramere (Fig. 134)
broadly C-shaped; dorsal habitus (Fig. 19) .................................... caligineus (Stl)
All coxae uniformly pale or white; left paramere (Fig. 137) broad through middle
and apically curved; dorsal habitus (Fig. 20) ................................. femoralis Reuter
Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stl)

(Figs. 19, 134-136)
Capsus caligineus Stl, 1859: 258 (orig. descrip.).

Pirithous pallipes Distant, 1884: 302 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and
Dolling, 1976: 803. Synonymized by Reuter, 1892: 393.
Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter, 1908c: 298 (orig. descrip.); Alayo, 1974: 17 (diag., hosts);
Maldonado, 1986: 127 (descrip., note, host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 267 (cat.).
Synonymized by Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292.
Cyrtocapsus caligineus: Bruner et al., 1945: 153 (host); Alayo, 1974: 19 (diag., hosts); Bruner
et al., 1975: 287 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.); Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292
(note, descrip., syn.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 265 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 542 (cat.).
Cyrtocapsus caligneus [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 143 (note).
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration black, especially on head, eye, scutellum, and
cuneus. Membrane hyaline with cells blackish brown. Legs mostly white; anterior coxa
at least partially white, middle and hind coxae brown. Genitalia (Figs. 134-136). Length
2.60-3.00. Distinguished from C. femoralis by the brown middle and hind coxae, larger
size, and more slender, broadly C-shaped left paramere.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 19). Similar to male in general aspect.
Hosts. Species of Ipomoea, including I. batatas (L.) Lamb. [Convolulaceae]. Records
from Ananas comosus Raf. [Bromeliaceae], Cucurbita maxima Duchesne [Cucurbitaceae],
and Turbina corymbosa Raf. [Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975); and inflores-
cences of Asteraceae are considered accidental. Zayas (1989) listed Convolvulus nodiflorus
Desr. [Convolvulaceae].
Type material examined. Pirithous pallipes Distant, lectotype, (left specimen of
two carded specimens): Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion. Paralectotypes: 1 specimen
(sex unknown, right specimen on same card as lectotype), same data as for lectotype, 1
and 1 (on same card), same data as for holotype (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 9 specimens: Isla de la Juventud. Sierra de Mesa
(Pinar del Rio). Somorrostro; El Cano; Santiago de las Vegas; Siboney (Ciudad de la
Habana). Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus). Pinares de Mayari (Holgin). (2 nymphs,
cotypes) Cayamas, Cuba, 29-12 & 13-3, E. A Schwartz (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Discussion. Henry and Carvalho (1987) demonstrated that Hemisphaerodella
mirabilis Reuter is the nymphal stage of C. caligineus.
Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter

(Figs. 20, 137-139)
Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter, 1892: 394 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.);
Henry and Carvalho, 1987: 292 (key); Schuh, 1995: 542 (cat.); Hernndez and
Diagnosis. Male: Similar to C. caligineus, but distinguished by the entirely white coxae,
the smaller size, and the mesally expanded and apically curved left paramere. Antennal
segments I and II yellow; antennal segment II as long as segment I. Anteocular part of
head, in frontal view, about as long as or shorter than ocular distance. Pronotum black.
Genitalia (Figs. 137-139). Total length 2.10-2.50.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. No Cuban specimens examined.
Discussion. We have not seen the specimens of C. femoralis identified by Maldonado
(1986) from Cuba. He recorded this species from Pinar del Rio and Habana provinces
without giving exact locality data.
Genus Eurycipitia Reuter
Eurycipitia Reuter, 1905: 3. Type species: Eccritotarsus splendens Distant, 1884, a junior
synonym of Sysinus clarus Distant, 1883.
Diagnosis. Similar to Sysinas Distant, but distinguished by the characters given in the
preceding key to genera, especially the structure of male genitalia. Body oval, robust.
Head two times wider than long; eyes large; frons elongate. Pronotum with calli elevated.
This small genus, with only two described species, is distributed mainly in Central
America (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species.
Eurycipitia clarus (Distant)

(Figs. 21, 140-142)
Sysinas clarus Distant, 1883: 249 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and
Dolling, 1976: 795.
Eccritotarsus splendens Distant, 1883: 284 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho
and Dolling, 1976: 807. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 5.
Eurycipitia splendens: Alayo, 1974: 17 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 551 (cat.).
Eurycipitia clarus: Carvalho, 1952a: 5 (syn.); Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 795 (type desig.);
Maldonado, 1986: 127 (distr.); Schuh, 1995: 551 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl,
1997b: 21 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 21). Body polished, shiny, and covered with short,
semidecumbent, white setae. Head and pronotum yellowish orange; antennal segments,
scutellum, hemelytra, and abdominal segments black. Legs yellow, with apices of femora
and bases of mesotibiae brown; profemur with a brown stripe along the outer surface;
pretarsus black. Genitalia (Figs. 140-142). Total length 4.00-4.35 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Sysinas splendens Distant, lectotype : Panam, Matachim,
Thieme. Eccritotarsus splendens Distant: Lectotype , Panam: Bugaba, Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 15 specimens: San Jos de las Lajas (Habana). Cu-
abitas (Holguin). Pico Turquino, Puerto Boniato (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Discussion. Carvalho (1952a) synonymized Eccritotarsus splendens Distant under
Eurycipitia clarus Distant, an opinion followed by Carvalho and Dolling (1976). Although
Carvalho and Afonso (1977) listed E. splendens (Distant) as a valid species and both spe-
cies are listed in Schuhs (1995) catalogue, we have reexamined the lectotypes and agree
with Carvalho and Dolling (1976) that S. splendens is a junior synonym of S. clarus.
Genus Heterocoris Gurin-Menville
Heterocoris Gurin-Menville, 1857: 403. Type species: Heterocoris dilatata Gurin-Me-

nville, 1857.
Diagnosis. Species with strong sexual wing dimorphism, especially in males having a
greatly expanded embolium, and a metallic-blue dorsal coloration. This monotypic genus
is known only from Cuba.
Heterocoris dilatatus Gurin-Menville

(Figs. 22, 23, 143-145)
Heterocoris dilatata Gurin-Menville, 1857:168 (orig. descrip.).

Heterocoris cyaneus Knight, 1926a: 106 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note);
Schuh, 1995: 55 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21. NEW SYNONYMY.
Heterocoris dilatatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 169 (host); Alayo, 1974: 19 (diag., hosts); Bruner et
al., 1975: 316 (host); Schuh, 1995: 555 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 21 (list).
Heterocoris dillatatus [sic]: Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 22). General coloration metallic blue. Body
with erect, white setae. Head wider than long, separated from pronotum by a distinct
collar; antennal segment I shorter than segment II, all segments yellow. Pronotum dis-
tinctly punctured, depressed between calli. Hemelytron with corium strongly expanded
dorsally, metallic blue marked with yellow; cuneal fracture distinct; embolium greatly
expanded; membrane covered with erect, white setae. Genitalia (Figs. 106-108). Total
length 4.88 mm.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 23). Similar to male in general appearance and color,
except embolium not prominently expanded.
Hosts. Solanum donianun (Raf.) A. Child, S. melongena Wall., S. torvun Sw. [Sola-
naceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975).
Type material examined. Heterocoris cyaneus, holotype : Cuba, iii.1925, Soledad,
J. G. Myers and George Salt (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 59 specimens: Sierra de los Orgnos; El Cayuco,
Guanes (Pinar del Rio). Guajaybon, Apr.; Jibacoa; Boca de Jaruco; Soledad (Habana).
Fontanar (Ciudad de la Habana). Valle del Yumuri; Bolondrn; Bahia de Cochinos
(Matanzas). Los Homitongos (Guantnamo) (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM, ZMA).
Discussion. Knight (1926a) separated Heterocoris cyaneus from H. dilatatus by
the dark cyaneous metallic color, impunctate scutellum, and relatively longer antennal
segments. We have examined the female holotype of H. cyaneus and compared it with a
large number of specimens of H. dilatatus from Cuba. The characters separating them,
especially the impunctate pronotum and dark metallic color, vary in intensity on all ma-
terial of H. dilatatus studied. We, therefore, conclude that H. cyaneus is only the female
of H. dilatatus Gurin-Menville. Heterocoris dilatatus is a common species in Cuba.
Genus Notolobus Reuter
Notolobus Reuter, 1908a: 147. Type species: Capsus dimidiatus Gurin-Menville, 1857.
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the large size, red coloration, metallic-blue sheen, and curved
hind femora in males. This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba.
Notolobus dimidiatus (Gurin-Menville)

(Figs. 24, 146-148)
Capsus dimidiatus Gurin-Menville, 1857: 402 (orig. descrip.).

Notolobus dimidiatus: Reuter, 1908a: 148 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1957: 116 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 18 (diag.); Carvalho, 1980: 646 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995:
563 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 24). Head longer than wide; eyes black, rounded;
antennal segment II two times longer than segment I. Pronotum subquadrangular, de-
pressed on either side of elevation near calli, with short, erect, black setae. Metafemur
curved with a furrow on inner surface, outer margin of furrow black. Genitalia (Figs.
146-148). Total length 6.00 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except for the slightly larger size,
black vertex, and hind femur without a furrow.
Host. Taken on wild ferns (Zayas, 1988).
Specimens examined. Cuba: 3 specimens: Cinaga de Zapata (Matanzas) (IES).
Genus Pycnoderes Gurin-Menville
Pycnoderes Gurin-Menville, 1857: 404. Type species: Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Gurin-

Menville, 1857.
Diagnosis. Species black, with pale markings. Pronotum distinctly inflated, with a
median groove; pronotum and scutellum strongly punctate; calli slightly elevated. Legs
linear, yellow.
Species in this genus superficially resemble those in Aguayomiris, Cyrtocapsus, and
Pycnoderiella. Pycnoderes contains 55 described species (Schuh, 1995). Four species oc-
cur in Cuba.
Key to Cuban Species of Pycnoderes
1. Body robust and wide; embolium black with a white spot at base and apex, the
basal spots wider than apical one; hemelytron dark with glaucous spots, mainly on
clavus, outer margin strongly convex; male genitalia (Figs. 152-154); dorsal habitus
(Fig. 26) .......................................................... quadrimaculatus Gurin-Menville
Body more slender; embolium white or with a dark spot mesally, outer margin of
hemelytron weakly convex; male genitalia different .............................................2
2. Outer margin of hemelytra weakly convex; corium black; male genitalia (Figs. 155-
157); dorsal habitus (Fig. 28) .................................................... vanduzeei Reuter
Outer margin of hemelytra parallel-sided; corium black; male genitalia different...
...........................................................................................................................3
3. Left paramere with anterior margin of sensory lobe emarginate, shaft short (Fig.
149); right paramere with a process at base of sensory lobe (Fig. 150); dorsal habitus
(Fig. 25) .....................................................................................angustatus Reuter
Left paramere with two emarginations on anterior margin of sensory lobe, shaft
very large (Fig. 158); right paramere without a process at the base of sensory lobe
(Fig. 159); dorsal habitus (Fig. 27) ...............................................similaris, n. sp.
Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter

(Figs. 25, 149-151)
Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter, 1907: 2 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 121 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 20 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Schuh, 1995: 571 (cat.);
Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 25). Distinguished by characters given in the
preceding key to species. Head black; antennae pale; labium extending to mesosternum.
Pronotum and scutellum black. Hemelytron black, with a large pale spot at base and apex
of embolium; cuneus pale, narrowly black at base and apex; membrane smoky brown,
veins darker brown or black. Legs pale, with a black subapical band on hind femur.
Genitalia (Figs. 149-151). Total length 3.00 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Hyptis sp. [Lamiaceae]; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
and Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] (Alayo, 1974).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 29 specimens: La Victoria (Isla de la Juventud). Hoyo
de Fania (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de los Baos; Artemisa (Habana). Santiago de la
Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menndez (Matanzas). Topes de Collantes (Sancti
Spiritus) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Gurin-Menville

(Figs. 26, 152-154)
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Gurin-Menville, 1857: 404 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al.,

1945: 64 (host); Carvalho, 1957: 123 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., host); Bruner et
l., 1975: 117 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note, distr.); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note);
Schuh, 1995: 573 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 26). Head with vertex, median line of frons, and
apex of clypeus black, remainder pale yellowish brown; antenna pale yellow. Pronotum
black, strongly convex, with median area weakly grooved. Hemelytron black, embolium
wide with a large pale subbasal and smaller apical spot; veins of membrane pale brown,
remainder of membrane hyaline. Legs whitish; hind femur brown apically. Genitalia
(Figs. 152-154). Total length 2.85-3.00 mm.

Hosts. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita sativus [Cu-
curbitaceae]; Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 52 specimens: San Antonio de los Baos (Habana).
Baragu, 12 Nov. 1925, C. H. Stahl, at light. Santiago de las Vegas; La Chata (Ciudad
de la Habana). Central, 6 de Agosto (Matanzas). Loma de la Bandera (Holgin). Nagua
(Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM).
Pycnoderes similaris Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 27, 158-160)
Diagnosis. Similar to P. angustatus Reuter, but distinguished by the whitish markings

on the embolium, the yellow frons, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the
left paramere with two prominent emarginations on the upper margin of sensory lobe
and the very long shaft.
Description. Male (Holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 27). Macropterous; total
length 3.00 mm; general coloration black. Head. Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes
0.60 mm; head two times wider than long; vertex black, punctate, width of vertex 0.15;
eyes reddish, touching anterior angle of pronotum; clypeus, maxillar, and mandibular
plates yellowish. Labium: Extending to mesepisternum; segments I, II, and III yellow;
IV black apically. Antenna: Segment I yellowish, length 0.30 mm; II two times longer
than remaining segments, covered with short, erect pubescence, length 0.75 mm; III and
IV brownish; length of segment III 0.75 mm, length of IV 0.60 mm. Thorax: Pronotum:
Humeral width 0.75 mm; length 0.60 mm; posterior lobe elevated; pronotum strongly
punctate, slightly narrowed anteriorly; calli distinct, polished; pronotum and scutellum
covered by decumbent, whitish setae. Hemelytron: Clavus black, clothed with decumbent,
short, sericeous setae; corium brown; embolium whitish, two times wider than width
of segment I; cuneal fracture brown; membrane opaque, veins dark. Venter: Black. Legs:
Yellowish; apex of tibiae and pretarsi brown. Genitalia (Figs.158-160).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin similaris, referring to the
similarity with other Cuban species of Pycnoderes.
Type specimen. Holotype , Cuba: [label 1] La Matazn, Guantnamo, L. F.
Armas; [label 2] 380 mm, Jageyn, El Salvador; [label 3, red label here added] Ho-
lotype Pycnoderes similaris Hernndez and Henry (IES).
Discussion. Although this species is described from a single specimen, the characters
given in the preceding diagnosis easily distinguished it from other species of Pycnoderes,
especially the structure of the male genitalia.
Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter

(Figs. 28, 155-157)
Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter, 1907: 1 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 97 (host); Carv-
alho, 1957: 124 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 109 (host);
Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note, host); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note); Schuh, 1995: 574 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 28). Size small. Head short, black; margin of eyes
yellow. Antennal segment II slightly longer than I; all segments pale yellow. Cuneal frac-
ture black; veins of membrane black, with a black mesal stripe, remainder of membrane
hyaline. Legs pale. Genitalia (Figs. 155-157). Total length 2.10-2.40 mm.
Female: Similar to male in overall appearance.
Hosts. Commelina sp. [Commelinaceae]; Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
[Convolvulaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975)
Specimens examined. Cuba, 19 specimens: Cocodrilo (Isla de la
Juventud). San Andrs, Guajaibn (Pinar del Rio). El Laguito; Finca de
Biologa (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menndez (Matanzas). Pinares de
Mayari (Holgin) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Genus Pycnoderiella Henry
Pycnoderiella Henry, 1993: 2. Type species: Pycnoderiella virginiana Henry, 1993.
Diagnosis. Small species (2.00 mm or less in ; 1.70 mm or less in ), mostly black,

with a largely pale hemelytron having only clavus and a broad transverse bar across co-
rium dark; hemelytron often submacropterous. Head brownish orange, with contrasting
dark brown punctures. Pronotum swollen, but lacking median groove; pronotum and
scutellum strongly punctate. Legs slender, pale. Male genital capsule lacking a tubercle
above left paramere.
Discussion. Members of this genus resemble those of Pycnoderes in general ap-
pearance (Henry, 1993, 2009b), but differ in the small size, evenly rounded, punctate
pronotum, shape of the parameres, and the lack of a tubercle on the genital capsule. Two
species of Pycnoderiella are known; only one occurs in Cuba.
Pycnoderiella insularis Henry

(Figs. 29, 161, 162)
Pycnoderiella insularis Henry, 2009b: 605 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 29). Small species, length 1.87-1.89 mm. Overall
coloration black. Head brownish orange, with contrasting dark brown punctures. Pronotum
black, strongly convex, covering mesoscutum. Hemelytron entire, largely pale, with cuneus,
dark transverse bar through middle of corium, and apex of cuneus dark brown or fuscous.
Antennal segment I and II and legs uniformly pale yellow. Male parameres (Figs. 161, 162).
Female: Similar to male in overall coloration, but smaller with submacropterous
hemelytra (membrane reduced) in known specimens. Length 1.55-1.66 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Jamaica, Kingston, 27 July 1968, J. Maldo-
nado C. (USNM). Paratypes: 1 , Cuba, La Matazon, Jaqueyon, El Salvador, 380 m, 14
Jan. 1993, L. P. Armas (IES); 2 , same data as for holotype; 1 , Jamaica, Harward
Gap, 21 July 1968, J. Maldonado C. (USNM).
Genus Sysinas Distant
Sysinas Distant, 1883: 248. Type species: Sysinas linearis Distant, 1883.
Diagnosis. Species parallel sided. Head two times wider than long, distinctly separated
from pronotum by a wide collar; vertex with a distinct sulcus. Antennal segments I and
II longer than segments III and IV combined. Pronotum with posterior lobe slightly
elevated. Scutellum depressed mesally.
This genus contains 14 species described from Central America to South America
(Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela). It is represented in Cuba by a single species (Hernndez and
Stonedahl 1997b).
Sysinas centralis Distant

(Figs. 30, 163-165)
Sysinas centralis Distant, 1883: 249 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 128 (cat.); Schuh,
1995: 579 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Lectotype designated
by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 794; Ferreira et al., 2004: 45 (descript., host, distr.).
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration dark brown, except for an orange stripe on each
side of lateral pronotal margin. Head undersurface, pronotum mesally and base of vertex
brown, remainder of vertex orange; frons black. Mesoscutum distinct. Membrane dark.
Base of procoxa brown; profemur yellow basally, apex and remainder of legs brown.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 30). Similar to male in structure and general appearance.
Host. Unknown in Cuba, but Ferreira et al. (2004) reported Sapium sp. as a host in Brazil.
Type material examined. Sysinas centralis Distant, lectotype (antennal segment
IV, right hind leg, and left tibia and tarsus missing): Guatemala, Cerro Zunel, 4-5000
ft., Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: La Gran Piedra (Guantnamo).
Imias (Holgin). Cuba, P.R. Uhler colln. (IES, USNM).
Discussion. Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first record of Sysinas cen-
tralis for Cuba and the West Indies. Ferreira et al. (2004) reported Cuba as a new country
record in error.
Subfamily Cylapinae Kirkaldy
Diagnosis. Of the two tribes of Cylapinae, Cylapini and Fulviini, only the latter occurs in
Cuba. Recognized by the elongate head and long labium, extending well beyond the hind
coxae. Antennae long and slender. Membrane with two cells. Legs very long; parempodia
setiform; pulvilli absent; claws long and slender, each with a subapical tooth (Fig. 4).
Discussion. Schuh (1995) did not recognize Carvalhos (1952b) two-tribe arrange-
ment of the subfamily and, as a consequence, merged Fulviini with Cylapini. We, however,
follow Gorczyca (2000), who provided support for the two tribes. Carvalho and Ferreira
(1994a) provided a key to the Neotropical genera.
Tribe Fulviini Uhler
Diagnosis. Recognized by characters given in the preceding key to subfamilies. Also,

recognized by the small to medium size, elongate body and head, long labium extending
beyond the hind coxae in most species, two-segmented tarsi, and apically toothed claws.
Only one genus is recorded from Cuba.
Genus Fulvius Stl
Fulvius Stl, 1862b: 322. Type species: Fulvius anthocorides Stl, 1862b.
Diagnosis. The enlarged frons, the prominent clypeus extending to antennal segment I, the
longer-than-wide head, elongate body with the hemelytra subparallel and only slightly wider
than the pronotum, and long labium distinguish species of Fulvius from other Cuban Miridae.
Discussion. This is a large, primarily Neotropical genus, with more than 60 described
species (Schuh, 1995; Ferreira and Henry, 2001; Gorczyca, 2000; Cherot et al., 2006).
Carvalho and Costa (1994) provided the most recent revision for the Americas. Fulvius
is represented in Cuba by three species.
Key to Cuban Species of Fulvius
1. Cuneus uniformly dark brown; apex of hemelytron pale or white; male genitalia
(Figs. 166-169); dorsal habitus (Fig. 31) .............................anthocoroides (Reuter)
Cuneus bicolored (pale or whitish at base); apex of hemelytron dark brown, almost
black ...................................................................................................................2
2. Body robust; cuneus white, sometimes with a pink tinge; apex of hemelytron black
or dark reddish brown; left paramere with shaft elongated and acute apically (Fig.
170); vesica membranous, with a distinct spiny area near gonopore (Fig. 173); dorsal
habitus (Fig. 32)........................................................................ bisbistillatus (Stl)
Body slender; cuneus always white, without a pink tinge; apex of hemelytron
brown; left paramere shaft short, curved, and rounded apically (Fig. 174); vesica
membranous, with two long, slender spicules arising from apex of gonopore (Fig.
176); dorsal habitus (Fig. 33) ...................................................... cavernus, n. sp.
Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter)

(Figs. 31, 166-169)
Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875: 8 (orig. descrip.).

Fulvius brevicornis Reuter, 1895: 138 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Schuh
1995: 27 (cat.). Unnecessary new name for Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875.
Fulvius anthocorides: Alayo, 1974: 28 (diag., hosts); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Maldonado,
1986: 127 (list).
Fulvius anthocoroides: Wheeler, 1977: 489 (clarification); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 272 (cat.,
note); Carvalho and Costa, 1994: 74 (descrip.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 31). General color brownish black, with apical third
of antennal segment II, basal third of hemelytron, and apex of embolium and corium
white. Labium extending to genital capsule. Body brown ventrally; apex of coxae and
tibiae pale. In some specimens, the clypeus and apex of all femora are reddish. Genitalia
(Figs. 166-169). Total length 3.00 mm.
Female: Similar in structure and overall appearance to male.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Cueva de los Portales (Pinar del Rio). La
Chata; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Pinares de Mayari (Holgin) (IES).
Fulvius bisbistillatus (Stl)

(Figs. 32, 170-173)
Cylapus bis-bistillatus Stl, 1860: 54 (orig. descrip.).

Fulvius albomaculatus Distant, 1884: 282 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho,
1952a: 2.
Fulvius bisbistillatus: Maldonado, 1986: 127 (note); Schuh, 1995: 26 (cat.); Carvalho and
Costa, 1994: 78 (descrip., distr.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Fulvius bisbitillatus [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 32). General coloration brown to black with whit-
ish dorsal areas. Apex of antennal segment I and apical 1/4 of II, two lateral spots on
mesoscutum, subbasal fascia of corium (extending to embolium), base of cuneus, coxae
(except apex of first pair) white. Femora, tibiae, and tarsi pale. In some specimens, cuneus
slightly red tinged. Genitalia (Figs. 171-173). Total length 3.00 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except darker brown and antennal
segments I and II slightly shorter than remaining segments.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 6 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; Cueva de los portales
(Pinar del Rio). Loma de la Bandera, Mayari (Holgin) (IES).
Fulvius cavernus Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 33, 174-176)
Fulvius sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Fulvius cavernus is similar to F. lunulatus Uhler (Carvalho and Costa, 1994)
based on the general dark brown coloration and vesica, with two spicules near gonopore,
but differs by the longer body, the wider white markings on corium, the white apex of
the second antennal segment, the left paramere with an expanded sensory lobe and api-
cally rounded shaft, and with spicules of the vesica apparently longer and much more
slender. In Cuba, it is most similar to F. bisbistilatus (Stl) in general dorsal markings, but
differs by the more slender body form and the distinctive male genitalia (Figs. 174-176),
particularly the stout, apically spatulate left paramere.
Description. Male (n = 5): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 33); macropterous. Total length
2.79-3.20 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.30-0.37 mm; width of vertex
0.18-0.20 mm; black, set with short, erect, white setae toward frons; vertex depressed
mesally; eyes black, occupying entire height of head in lateral view and touching anterior
angles of pronotum; maxillar and mandibular plates testaceous. Labium: Extending to
genital capsule. Antenna: Segment I thicker than remaining segments, brown, length
0.31-0.37 mm; II, brown, apex white, incrassate, length 0.62-0.84 mm; III, slender,
brown, length 0.43-0.55 mm; IV, brown, length 0.62 mm (n = 2). Thorax. Pronotum:
Mesal length 0.31-0.43 mm; posterior width 0.74-0.93 mm, black to dark brown; anterior
and posterior margins straight; disc of pronotum weakly elevated, slightly depressed and
sulcate mesally; collar black. Mesoscutum: Exposed, brown mesally, pale to anterior angles.
Scutellum: black to dark brown, pale apically. Hemelytron: Dark brown, with a white area
from R+M to emboliar margin; apex of emboliar margin mostly fuscous; cuneus brown,
pale basally; veins of membrane brown. Undersurface: Abdominal segments brown to
dark brown. Legs: Testaceous; pro- and mesocoxae pale, pale brown basally and apically;
metacoxa white. Genitalia (Figs. 174-176).
Female (n = 3): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 3.03-3.20 mm.
Head: Length 0.30-0.43 mm; width across eyes 0.49-0.55 mm; width of vertex 0.18-0.24
mm. Antenna: I, length 0.31-0.37 mm; II, length 0.74-0.86 mm; III, length 0.43-0.55
mm; IV, length (n = 2) 0.62-0.68 mm. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length of pronotum
0.43 mm; posterior width of pronotum 0.74-0.99 mm.
Hosts. Collected under bark of palm tree [Palmaceae].
Etymology. This species is named cavernus, meaning cave, and refers to the type
locality Cueva de los Portales (cave of the porch).
Type material. Holotype : [Label 1] [Cuba]: Cueva de los Portales, P. [inar del]
Rio, 21 XI 1990, L. M. Hdez; [label 2, yellow] 5; [label 3, red, here added] Holo-
type : Fulvius cavernus Hernndez and Henry (IES). Paratypes: 3 , same data as
for holotype (IES).
Discussion. We have compared our specimens with the lecto- and paralectotype of
F. lunulatus Uhler (BMNH), known only from Grenada and St. Vincent, and find clear
differences between the species.
Subfamily Deraeocorinae Douglas and Scott
Diagnosis. The Cuban species of this subfamily can be distinguished by the distinctly
punctate, often polished dorsum and the basally toothed claws (Fig. 3), although certain
other deraeocorines (e.g., Termatophylini) may lack distinct dorsal punctures and have
a dull coloration (Schuh and Slater, 1995).
Discussion. Five tribes, six genera, and 11 species are recorded from Cuba.
Key to Cuban Tribes of Deraeocorinae

(Adapted from Carvalho, 1955a)
1. Head elongate, pointed apically, with anthocoridlike facies (Fig. 43); eyes large,
placed far from basal angle of head .................................... Termatophylini Reuter
Head not elongate, without anthocoridlike facies; eyes variable, placed near basal
angle of head .......................................................................................................2
2. Pronotum with a distinct impressed line running from antero-lateral corner to

margin of calli, sometimes strongly punctate (Figs. 34, 35); male genitalia (Figs.
177-179) ..............................................................................Clivinematini Reuter
Pronotum without an impressed line; male genitalia different .............................3
3. Hemelytra hyaline; emboliar margin of corium greatly enlarged; male genitalia (e.g.,
Figs.183-186) dorsal habitus (Figs. 37-40) ................................Hyaliodini Reuter
Hemelytra not hyaline; emboliar margin of corium not greatly enlarged; male
genitalia different ................................................................................................4
4. Species ant mimetic; antennal segments linear; vertex depressed, sometimes punctate;
male genitalia (Figs. 194-196), sensory lobe of left paramere expanded, vesica with
two membranous lobes apically; dorsal habitus (Figs. 41, 42) ................................
........................................................................ Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas
Species not ant mimetic; antennal segment I thicker than remaining segments, seg-
ment II clavate at apex; vertex smooth, not depressed; male genitalia (Figs. 180-182),
sensorial lobe of left paramere strongly expanded, vesica without two membranous
lobes apically; dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 36) ...................................................
...........................................................................Deraeocorini Douglas and Scott
Tribe Clivinematini Reuter
Diagnosis. The species of this tribe have a vertical or strongly declivous head, and the
pronotum has a distinct impressed line running from anterolateral corner to posterior
margin of calli (Ferreira 1998, 2001).
Discussion. Carvalho and Gomes (1971) and Ferreira (1998) provided a key to
the 17 genera of the Neotropical Region. The tribe is represented in Cuba by one genus
and one species.
Genus Ambracius Stl
Ambracius Stl, 1860: 59. Type species: Ambracius dufouri Stl, 1860.
Diagnosis. Species with the anterior margin of pronotum cystiform and hooded, project-
ing over base of head. Body shining, pilose. Head broad, vertically deflexed; base covered
by pronotal hood to the eyes. Pronotum coarsely punctate; width at basal angles about
three times that of anterior margin. Males with a prominent sclerotized process arising
from base of the ductus seminis.
Discussion. This small genus with only nine species is distributed from Central
to South America (Brazil) (Ferreira and Henry, in press). Hernndez and Stonedahl
(1997b), in giving the first report of this genus in Cuba, tentatively listed three species:
Ambracius sp. A, Ambracius sp. B, and Ambracius sp. C. We restudied this material and
have concluded that they represent only color forms of A. dufouri. Ferreira and Henry
(in press) revised the genus and provided a key to species.
Ambracius dufouri Stl

(Figs. 34, 35, 177-179)
Ambracius dufouri Stl, 1860: 59 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 587 (cat.).
Capsus alternus Walker, 1873: 111. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1954: 424.
Fundanius maculatus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 9.
Fundanius marginatus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 10.
Fundanius rubricosus Distant, 1884: 291. Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 14.
Ambracius sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Ambracius sp. B: Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Ambracius sp. C: Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Ambracius dufouri is one of the most variably colored species of the Deraeo-
corinae. No fewer than six distinct color forms are known, with numerous intermediate
grades found in most large regional populations. Consequently, it is not surprising that
there are four synonyms in the literature, all representing distinct color variations of
this highly variable species. Color forms can range from almost entirely red or orange to
nearly all black. In Cuba, color form A is distinguished by the yellow coloration of head,
pronotum, and most of corium; black antennal segments I and II, scutellum, clavus, base
of corium, tibiae, and labium; reddish cuneus; and thicker antennal segments III and IV.
Color form B has a dark red overall coloration in females, with black areas on hemelytra,
an orange-yellow pronotum, and an apically red corium. Color form C is similar to color
form B with only minor differences.
Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 35). Macropterous; total length 3.70-4.50 mm. Body
covered with yellowish, erect setae. Head: Length 0.30-0.35 mm, width across the eyes
0.85-0.90 mm; orange to red, three times wider than long; vertex often black in dark
forms, width of vertex 0.44-0.45 mm; clypeus black. Labium: Extending to mesocoxa,
black to dark red. Antenna: Black; segment I subequal to segment II, length 0.20-0.29
mm; II, two times longer than remaining segments, length 0.90-1.00 mm; III, 0.40-0.50
mm; and IV, 0.30 mm; all segments clothed with short, erect pubescence. Pronotum:
Length 1.19-1.35 mm, posterior width 1.51-1.95 mm; red to orange, often with central
area of disc black, distinctly punctate, with lateral margin carinate; posterior margin
concave; humeral angles rounded. Scutellum: Red, orange, or black, often pale orange
anteriorly; length 0.60 mm. Hemelytron: Rugose, uniformly red, orange, or black with
apex of corium reddish; embolium wide; cuneus fuscous, one and one half times longer
than wide; membrane dark brown, with paler areas apically, veins dark brown; covered
with erect, brown setae. Ventral surface: Reddish orange to black; propleura yellowish red.
Legs: Femora black; tibiae black, often becoming paler distally. Genitalia (Figs. 177-179).
Female (n=3): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 34). Macropterous; total length 4.35-5.25 mm.
Similar to male in overal coloration; body more oval. Head: Length 0.15-0.30 mm, width
across eyes 0.90-1.05 mm; yellow to red; vertex slightly depressed, width of vertex 0.30
mm. Labium: Extending to middle mesosternum or to base of mesocoxae. Antenna: Seg-
ment I length 0.45-0.60 mm, short, thickest; segment II length 1.35-1.95 mm, more
slender than in males, longer than segments III and IV, longer than pronotum, slightly
incrassate apically; segments III and IV thin, length of segment III 0.60-0.74 mm, length
of IV 0.31-0.45 mm. Pronotum: Median length 1.05-1.35; posterior width 1.80-2.25
mm. Scutellum: Length 0.60 mm.
Specimens examined. Cuba: 1 , Pico Joaquin to Turquino, Santiago de Cuba,
19.v.1948, F. Valdes, 5300-6300 m snm (IES); 1 , Palma Mocha, Sierra Maestra, San-
tiago de Cuba, 16.v.1948, J. Acua, 3900-4500 ft. (BMNH); 1 , Cuba: Falda Norte,
Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, Santiago de Cuba, vii.1963, I. F. Areiro (IES); 1 , Cuba:
Pinares de Mayari, Holgin, 6.vi.1990, L.F.Armas; 1 , Jarahueca, Santiago de Cuba,
14 to 18.vii.1928, S.C.Bruner (IES, BMNH).
Discussion. This species is a known specialist predator of ensign scales (Henry,
2000, pers. observ. [Rio de Janeiro]; Wheeler, 2001).
Tribe Deraeocorini Douglass and Scott
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the strongly punctate, opaque, nonhyaline or transparent

hemelytra and trapeziform, strongly punctate pronotum that is not constricted anteriorly.
Diagnosis. This tribe is distributed worldwide and includes approximately 50 genera
(Schuh, 1995). Only one genus occurs in Cuba.
Genus Diplozona Van Duzee
Diplozona Van Duzee, 1915: 112. Type species: Diplozona collaris Van Duzee, 1915.
Diagnosis. Body oval, distinctly punctate dorsally. Antenna thickened; second antennal
segment clavate, remaining segments shorter and thicker than segment II, fusiform; eyes
(in males) prominent. Pronotum laterally carinate; propleura strongly punctate.
Discussion. Carvalho and Costa (1990) revised this genus and provided a key to
separate the species in the Neotropical Region. Diplozona includes seven species, distrib-
uted from Florida to Argentina (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species.
Diplozona collaris Van Duzee

(Figs. 36, 180-182)
Diplozona collaris Van Duzee, 1915: 112 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 83 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 28 (diag.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 286 (cat.); Carvalho and Costa, 1990:
179 (descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 624 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Diplozoma [sic] collaris: Maldonado, 1986: 128 (distr.).
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration brown; pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra (clavus and
cuneus) coarsely punctate. Head straw colored, with two brown bands converging on vertex
and frons; tylus with a longitudinal brown band on each margin. Antennal segments I and
II brown yellow; III and IV brown, fusiform. Pronotum strongly punctate; lateral margins
yellow, collar and calli straw colored, disc with pale areas. Scutellum brown, margined with
yellow. Membrane hyaline, veins dark. Genitalia (Figs. 180-182). Total length 2.70-3.10 mm.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 36). Similar to male in structure and general appearance.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 3 specimens: Hormiguero, Oct. (Cienfugo). Wajay
(La Habana). Morro de Santiago de Cuba (Santiago de Cuba). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de
Mayari (Holgin) (IES, ZMA).
Tribe Hyaliodini Carvalho and Drake
Diagnosis. Recognized by characters given in the preceding key to tribes, including the
distinctly hyaline, transparent or glassy hemelytra, the greatly widened embolium, and
the elongate external anal tube.
This tribe includes 23 genera in the New World (Schuh and Slater, 1995; Henry
and Ferreira 2003). It is represented in Cuba by three genera.
Key to the Cuban Genera of Hyaliodini
1. Antennal segment I much longer than length of head ................. Hyaliodes Reuter
Antennal segment I subequal or shorter than length of head ...............................2
2. Pronotum with a distinct lateral and median carina; apex of left paramere spatulate
(Fig. 185); overall body shape broad (Fig. 38) ... Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira
Pronotum without a distinct lateral and median carinae; apex of left paramere
slender (Fig. 187); overall body shape slender (Figs. 39, 40) .....Paracarnus Distant
Genus Hyaliodes Reuter
Hyaliodes Reuter, 1876: 83. Type species Capsus vitripennis Say, 1832.
Diagnosis. Species of Hyaliodes are similar to Paracarnus Distant and Paracarniella Henry
and Ferreira, but antennal segment I is longer than the length of the head, the legs are
slightly longer, and the male genitalia are distinct. This is a relatively large genus with 26
described species (Schuh and Slater, 1995). Hyaliodes is represented in Cuba by one species.
Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner

(Figs. 37, 183, 184)
Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner, 1934: 41 (orig. descrip.); Alayo, 1974: 27 (diag., hosts);
Maldonado, 1986: 126 (distr.); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 640 (cat.);
Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Hyalodes [sic] vittaticornis: Hernndez and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types, hosts).
Diagnosis. Male: Antennal segment I longer than head length, with longitudinal reddish
stripes on outer surface; segment II two times longer than remaining segments. Pronotum
coarsely punctate dorsally; yellowish brown, anterior margin narrow. Scutellum yellowish
posteriorly, dark brown anteriorly. Hemeytron tinged with pale yellow or green; apex of clavus
and base of scutellum infuscated. Total length 3.30-3.90 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 144, 145).
Hosts. Citrus sp. [Rutaceae]; Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae]; Phaseolus lunatus
L. [Fabaceae]; Piper peltatum Ruiz & Pav. [Piperaceae]; Psidium guajava L. [Myrtaceae]
(Alayo, 1974; Hernndez and Reyes, 1995).
Type material examined. Holotype , Cuba, Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, 2 Jan.
1934, S. C. Bruner (USNM). Paratypes: 1 , 1 , same locality as for holotype, dates 26
& 30 Dec. 1933; 1 , S. Rangel, 27-30 1931, Acua & Otero (USNM); 1 , Santiago
de Cuba (near), 4 Oct. 1928, F. Silvestri & S. C. Burner (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 23 specimens: La Tumba, Peninsula de Gua-
nahacabibes; Bahia Honda; Sierra del Rosario (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; El
Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Genus Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira
Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira, 2003: 104 (descrip., key). Type species: Paracarnus cubanus
Bruner, 1934.
Diagnosis. This genus is recognized by the short antennal segment I that is shorter than
the width of the head, the impunctate collar interrupted at middle by a large, triangular
callous, two narrow callouses, one through middle of disc and one lateral (divided into
narrow lateral and sublateral carinae), a vertical callous on mesopleuron, and the male
genitalia, particularly the apically spatulate left paramere.
Discussion. This genus is similar to Hyaliodes and Paracarnus. It can be distinguished
from Hyaliodes by the shorter antennal segment I that is shorter than the width of the
head, the narrow lateral pronotal carinae or callouses, the shape of the left parameres,
and the presence of a distinct spiculum on the vesica. From Paracarnus it is distinguished
by the broader form, the prominent lateral and median pronotal carinae, the elongate
carina on the mesopleuron, and the apically spatulate left paramere.
Of the five known species of Paracarniella, only one occurs in Cuba (Henry and
Ferriera, 2003).
Paracarniella cubana (Bruner)

(Figs. 38, 185, 186)
Paracarnus cubanus Bruner, 1934: 38 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 50 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 26 (host); Henry and Wheeler, 1982: 237 (descrip., distr., host); Maldonado,
1986:128 (note); Zayas, 1988: 146 (diag.); Hernndez and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types,
host); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Paracarniella cubana: Henry and Ferreira, 2003: 106 (n. comb., descrip., hosts).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 38). General color pale yellowish brown, almost
hyaline. Body elongate oval. Head wider than long, with yellow marking around eye;
eye large, reddish. Antennal segment I shorter than head width, segment II longer than
remaining segments. Pronotum finely punctate, with polished, yellowish callosities (one
at middle and one on each side), and a narrow black line through lateral callous. Scutel-
lum strongly convex, yellow. Hemelytron translucent, nearly hyaline; claval commissure
and veins of membrane reddish; embolium wide. Total length 3.30-3.45 mm. Genitalia
(Figs. 185, 186).
Hosts. This species has been reported from Pothomorphe peltata Miq. [Piperaceae]
infested with aphids and from citrus, preying on Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby [Aley-
rodidae] (Alayo, 1974; Bruner, 1934). Henry and Ferreira (2003) reported specimens
from Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae] in Florida.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, E. E. A. 9852, Santiago de las Vegas,
v.15/24, S. C. Bruner (USNM). Paratypes: 1 (allotype), same data as for holotype,
date 4 Oct. 1932, ex. white nymph; 7 specimens, same data as for holotype (BMNH,
IES, USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 29 specimens: Santiago de la Vegas (Ciudad
de la Habana). Central 6 de Agosto (Matanzas) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Discussion. Henry and Ferreira (2003) established Paracarniella for five species,
including two new ones, and showed that P. cubana, long confused with P. mexicana
(Distant), is a distinct species.
Genus Paracarnus Distant
Paracaranus Distant, 1884: 289. Type species: Paracarnus elongatus Distant, 1884.
Diagnosis. This genus is similar to species of Hyaliodes and Paracarniella, but is distin-
guished by the larger eye, the shorter antennal segment I that is shorter than the head
length, the lack of a distinct lateral and median pronotal carina, and the relatively slender
body. Dorsal habitus of species (Figs. 39, 40).
This is a small genus with only nine described species, mostly found in Central
America and the West Indies (Schuh, 1995; Henry and Ferreira, 2003). It is represented
in Cuba by two species.
Key to Cuban Species of Paracarnus
1. General color testaceous; scutellum with posterior half or more pale yellow; male
genitalia (Figs. 191-193); dorsal habitus (Fig. 40) .........puncticollis (Motschulsky)
General color dark reddish brown; scutellum dark, pale yellow at apex only; male
genitalia (Figs. 187-190); dorsal habitus (Fig. 39) .............................myersi China
Paracarnus myersi China

(Figs. 39, 187-190)
Paracarnus myersi China, 1931: 286 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 51 (cat.); Alayo, 1974:
27 (note, host); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernndez
and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Paracarnus yersi [sic]: Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.).
Diagnosis. Male: General color brownish red, somewhat hyaline. Body slender; collar,
pronotum, and scutellum with long, erect, yellow setae. Head, pronotum, and clavus
brownish yellow; eye black. Basal half of scutellum brownish yellow, becoming more
yellow apically. Hemelytron weakly convex, hyaline; basal angle of corium and a mesal
transverse comma-shaped band red; membrane fuscous, veins dark. Propleura reddish
brown. Mesocoxa reddish basally. Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area white. Geni-
talia (Figs. 187-190). Total length 3.75-3.90 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Piper peltatum Miq. [Piperaceae]; one specimen labeled col-
lected in Mangrove (Alayo, 1974).
Type material examined. 1 , 1 (syntypes), and 2 nymphs: Cuba, West Indies,
Trinidad Mtn., Sept.1929, J. G. Myers, BM 1930-190 (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 9 specimens: Peninsula de Guanahacabibes
(Pinar del Rio). San Jos de las Lajas; San Antonio de los Baos; Ganimar (La Habana).
Santiago de la Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Torrientes (Matanzas). Jibacoa,
Escambray; San Felipe; San Blas, Trinidad (Las Villas). Soledad (Cienfuegos). La Gran
Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (8 IES, 1 USNM).
Discussion. China (1931) described P. myersi based on only one adult male and
female. He also tentatively associated several nymphs bearing peculiar multipointed pro-
cesses on the head and pronotum with these adults. He stated that they had a peculiar
structure on the pronotum, an anchor-like process (Fig. 190) arising as a wide column
from posterior disc and spreading out apically into four long sharply pointed processes
arranged in two pairs, one pair projecting on each side, the anterior ones slightly longer
and more sinuate than posterior ones. The mesonotum possesses a pair of small pointed
tubercles near the inner basal angle of each front wing pad, each giving rise to a bristle.
Horacio Grillo (Hernndez, pers. comm.) reared this species and, thus, provided
the first confirmed association of adults and nymphs. Paracarnus myersi is known only
from Cuba.
Paracarnus puncticollis (Motschulsky)

(Figs. 40, 191-193)
Liocoris puncticollis Motschulsky, 1863: 88 (orig. descrip.).

Neofurius puncticollis: Bergroth, 1917: 108 (comb., note).
Paracarnus maestralis Bruner, 1934: 37 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 50 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 27 (note); Zayas, 1988: 147 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat., in error). Synony-
mized by Carvalho 1955b: 224.
Paracarnus puncticollis: Carvalho 1955b: 224 (syn.); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Carvalho,
1957: 52 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 644 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 40). General color yellowish brown; eye brown-
ish red, large; head, pronotum, and clavus pale brown. Antennal segment II longer than
remaining segments. Pronotum narrow anteriorly, sparsely punctured near posterior
margins. Scutellum convex, yellow, with two dark brown markings along lateral margins.
Hemelytron hyaline, with a preapical red band curving across the corium from costal
margin to apex of clavus; membrane opaque, veins reddish. Mesosternum dark. Me-
tathoracic evaporative area white. Genitalia (Figs. 191-193). Total length 3.80-4.00 mm.
Female: Similar to male in appearance.
Host. Alayo (1974) suggested that this species preys on aphids.
Type material examined. Holotype (Paracarnus maestralis Bruner) : Sierra Maestra,
Cuba, 10-20 July 1922, C. H. Ballou, S. C. Bruner, & P. Morba, 3000-4250 ft. (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: La Siberia, Sierra Maestra; Pico
Turquino; Pico del Cardero (Santiago de Cuba). Pinares de Mayari (Holgin) (IES).
Tribe Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas
Diagnosis. Species in this tribe are generally ant mimetic, with the abdomen sometimes
constricted at the base. The males of some species have the emboliar margins narrowed
apically, and the vesica has two bifurcate membranous lobes (Fig. 194-196) (Carvalho
and Rosas, 1962).
Discussion. This is a tropicopolitan, southern-temperate group comprised of 12
myrmecomorphic genera (Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one
genus, first reported by Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b).
Genus Eustictus Reuter
Eustictus Reuter, 1909b: 35. Type species: Megacoelum grossum Uhler, 1887.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Deraeocorinae by transversely striate frons;
proportionately large eyes occupying a large percentage of the head dorsally; median
sulcus on the vertex; the long, mostly linear antennal segments; and weakly developed
calli. Dorsal habitus (Figs. 41, 42).
Discussion. Carvalho (1955b) placed Eustictus in the tribe Saturniomirini, and
later (Carvalho, 1987a) transferred it to Surinamellini based on the shiny body, evenly
linear antennal segments with the last segment fusiform, and the general, ant-mimetic
appearance of some species, especially the nymphal stages.
This genus includes 38 described species (Schuh, 1995), widely distributed in the
Nearctic and Neotropical regions. It is represented in Cuba by two species, first reported
by Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b).
Key to the Cuban Species of Eustictus
1. Length 3.00 mm or less; hemelytra pale, mottled with brown; outer margin of
cuneus reddish; dorsal habitus (Fig. 42) .................................... soroaensis, n. sp.
Length 6.00 mm or greater; hemelytra pale with small brown spots; outer margin
of cuneus not reddish; dorsal habitus (Fig. 41) .......... brunnipunctatus Maldonado
Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado

(Fig. 41)
Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado, 1969: 24 (orig. descrip.); Schuh 1995: 651 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male (after Maldonado, 1969): General color brown. Head, eyes, and pro-
notum dark brown; labium pale brown. Antennal segments brown, paler brown apically;
sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum and scutellum shiny, dark brown; scutellum with an oval,
pale brown spot near basal angles. Coxae pale brown; femora pale brown basally. Abdo-
men slightly darker brown than coxae before genital capsule. Vertex concave. Hemelytron
weakly concave along costal margin. Total length 5.30 mm (Maldonado, 1969).
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 41). Similar to male in general appearance, except for
an apical, oval, yellow spot on outer half of the embolium. Total length 6.10-6.30 mm
(specimens from Cuba).
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 3: Playa Larga, Cinaga de Zapata (Matanzas) (IES).

Discussion. Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) first reported this species from Cuba
based on three females that agree with the combination of characters given by Maldonado
(1969), especially the dark brown-spotted hemelytra.
Eustictus soroaensis Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 42, 194-196)
Eustictus sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list)
Diagnosis. Recognized by the small size and the structure of the male genitalia, especially
the short left paramere that is expanded subapically.
Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 42). Macropterous; total length
2.85 mm. General coloration brown; scutellum and hemelytra yellow. Head: Length 0.30
mm; width across eyes 0.28 mm; brownish yellow basally; clypeus produced, set with
erect, brown setae; vertex width two times less than width of eyes in dorsal view, with
three black punctures surrounded by yellow, width of vertex 0.15 mm; eye prominent,
black, nearly touching anterior angles of pronotum and occupying entire height of head
in lateral view. Antenna: Segment I brown, shorter than remaining segments, length 0.30
mm; II yellowish basally and mesally, brown to apex, three times longer than segment I,
length 0.90 mm; III and IV missing. Labium: Yellowish, extending beyond hind coxae
well onto abdominal segments. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 0.45 mm; posterior width 0.90
mm; declivous; anterior and posterior margins straight; clothed with adpressed, yellow
setae, intermixed with semierect, brown setae, especially on lateral margins. Mesoscutum
brown, with a pale yellow stripe on lateral margin. Scutellum brown, yellowish apically.
Hemelytron: Pale yellow, mottled with brown, especially on apex of corium; clavus and
embolium set with semierect setae; outer margins of cuneus reddish. Ventral surface:
Brown. Legs: Coxae yellow; metacoxa reddish basally. Genitalia (Figs. 194-196).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named for the type locality, Soroa, a town in Pinar del Rio Province.
Type material. Holotype : [label 1] [Cuba] Soroa [Pinar del Rio Prov.], III 1963,
Alayo-Garcia; [label 2] 72 Foto; [label 3] Eustictus sp., det. G. Stondahl, 1996;
[label 4, red, here added] Holotype : Eustictus soroaensis Hernndez and Henry (IES).
Tribe Termatophylini Reuter
Diagnosis. Cassis (1995) reviewed this tribe and stated that it is best diagnosed by the
following combination of characters: short first labial segment that does not extend beyond
posterior margin of bucculae; moderately to strongly porrect head with the apex of clypeus
in lateral view terminating above or at level of the antenniferous tubercles; pronotum
with anterolateral projecting setae on anterior angles near calli; and metathoracic spiracle
shaped as an oval or lanceolate opening, usually bounded by evaporative bodies on the
dorsocaudal arm of the dorsal margin of mesepimeron.
Discussion. This tribe includes eight genera with strongly anthocoridlike facies,
widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is
represented in Cuba by one genus.
Genus Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius
Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius, 1912: 4 (orig. descrip.). Type species: Termatophylidea
pilosa Reuter and Poppius, 1912.
Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished by the characters given in the preceding key
to tribes, including the strong anthocoridlike facies, the eyes placed far forward from
pronotum, the rows of punctures on the pronotum and hemelytra, and the translucent
hemelytra with long, erect pubescence.
Discussion. Cassis (1995) reviewed the subfamily and gave characters to distinguish
Termatophylidea from other genera. Maldonado (1970) provided a key to the species.
Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius

(Fig. 43).
Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius, 1912: 5 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1957: 36
(cat.); Callan, 1975: 389 (host, habits, distr.); Schuh, 1995: 658 (cat.); Wheeler, 2001:
294 (hosts, habits, prey).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 43). Overall coloration pale yellowish brown. Head
with a narrow red line behind each eye and two anterior lines originating at each eye
and converging on clypeus; distance from hind margin of eye to anterior margin of col-
lar about one third the length of an eye. Pronotum pale yellow; lateral carinae narrow,
dark brown; disc evenly punctate. Hemelytron translucent, yellowish brown. Apices of
scutellum and embolium with a small dark tubercle. Antennae and legs pale yellowish
brown; hind femur sometimes with a brown band at middle. Dorsum set with long, erect
setae. Length ca. 3.50-3.75 mm.
Host. This predatory species has been observed feeding on adults and nymphs of
the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Morales et al. 2002). Wheeler
(2001), however, noted that three species of this genus, including T. pilosa, are thrips
(Thysanoptera) specialists. Callan (1975) reported this species feeding on cocoa or red-
banded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard).
Specimens examined. Not known from Cuba; previously recorded only from
Jamaica (Maldonado, 1970).
Discussion. Specimens of a species of Termatophylidea were first discovered in Cuba
by Horacio Grillo (Hernndez, pers. comm., 1993), who indicated that he would be
describing a new species. Since that communication with Dr. Grillo, we have discovered
an abstract (Morales et al. 2002) listing T. gisselleae Grillo (an apparent manuscript name),
a species that has been observed, along with Paracarniella cubana (Bruner) and Paracar-
nus myersi China, preying on adults and nymphs of the avocado lacebug in Cuba. More
recently, we have communicated with Dr. Grillo (Hernndez, pers. comm. 2008), who
will formally describe of this species. Because that description may not appear in time to
be included in this paper, we furnish a diagnosis and dorsal photograph (Fig. 43) of T.
pilosa, a similar species described and known only from Jamaica, to alert workers of the
presence of this genus of predatory bugs in Cuba.
Subfamily Isometopinae Fieber
Diagnosis. All Cuban Isometopinae are easily recognized by the overall round body form,
the distinct shape of pronotum (Fig. 44), the strongly modified head with distinct ocelli
between the eyes, the sexually dimorphic antennae with segment II longer in males than
females, and the small size, ranging from 2.00-3.00 mm.
Discussion. Herczek (1993) studied the phylogeny of this subfamily and recognized
five tribes, including Diphlebini, but also suggested that the genus Diphleps should be
placed in a different subfamily, the Diphlebinae, based on the unique structure of head,
eyes, pronotum, and cells on the forewing. Schuh (1995) conservatively placed all genera
in the nominate tribe Isometopini. We follow previous treatments recognizing Diphlebini
as a tribe within the Isometopinae (Henry, 1977; Henry and Wheeler, 1988).
The Isometopinae are comprised of 28 genera, most of which are tropical or subtropi-
cal (Schuh, 1995). The subfamily is represented in Cuba only by the tribe Diphlebini.
Tribe Diphlebini Bergroth
Diagnosis. Species with broadly oval, dorsoventrally flattened body. Head porrect,
with frons expanded laterally. Membrane with two closed cells that almost reach apex
of forewing; cuneus extending to apex of forewing (McAtee and Malloch, 1924, 1932;
Herzeck, 1993).
Discussion. This tribe is represented by a single genus.
Genus Diphleps Bergroth
Diphleps Bergroth, 1924: 4. Type species: Diphleps unica Bergroth, 1924.
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the shape of the pronotum, with the anterior angles pro-
jecting in the form of a large sinuate, externally rounded lobe, touching a large part of
eyes, anterior angles of pronotum strongly arched around eyes (Fig. 44). Head porrect,
strongly inset into anterior part of pronotum. Hemelytron broadly rounded, embolium
wide, clavus wider apically than basally. Hind femur swollen.
This is a small genus with only four known species, one in North America and three in
the West Indies (Henry, 1977; Hernndez, 1993). Two species are known to occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Diphleps
1. Second antennal segment with a narrow dark band at middle; left paramere (Fig.
199) weakly bent at middle, width nearly subparallel; dorsal habitus (Fig. 44) ......
................................................................................................maldonadoi Henry
Second antennal segment with a broad dark band at middle; left paramere (Fig.
197) strongly bent at middle, with a deep notch laterally .......... henryi Hernndez
Diphleps henryi Hernndez

(Figs. 197, 198)
Diphleps henryi Hernndez, 1993: 5 (orig. descrip.).

Diphleps unica?: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: General color pale brown, except antennal segments I, III, and IV;
apex of scutellum and abdomen dark brown. Antennal segment II pale brown, with a
wide dark brown band mesally. Cuneus, membrane, and apical fourth of embolium pale
brown, embolium paler at apex; hemelytra dark brown, spotted along lateral margins.
Ocelli prominent; interocular distance three times wider than the distance from an eye
to an ocellus. Pronotum four times wider than long, anterior angles strongly curved
around eyes, with two distinct carinae behind calli that weaken toward posterior margin.
Genitalia (Figs. 197, 198). Total length 1.90 mm.
Female: Previously unknown, but see discussion.
Host. Unknown. Diphleps unica Bergroth, a species widespread in eastern North
America, has been associated with scale insects (Wheeler and Henry, 1978), suggesting
that all members of the genus have similar habits.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba: Lomas de Soroa, Pinar del Rio,
13.vi.1963, P. Alayo, CZACC-7.300382 (IES).
Other specimen examined. Cuba, 1 : Mariano (Ciudad de la Habana) (IES).
Discussion. We have examined one female of D. henryi from Mariano. It is similar
to D. unica, following Henrys (1977) key, but differs in total length, length and width
of the second antennal segment, and the length and width of the pronotum. Consider-
ing the strong sexual dimorphism of the species in this genus (Henry, 1977), the more
northerly distribution of D. unica, and the lack of additional material, we considered
this specimen the female of D. henryi, previously listed from Cuba by Hernndez and
Stonedahl (1997b) as D. unica.
Diphleps maldonadoi Henry

(Figs. 44, 199-201)
Diphleps unica: Maldonado, 1969: 90 (misident.).

Diphleps maldonadoi Henry, 1977: 206 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 6 (cat.); Hernndez
and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Body oval; general color dark brown. Head yellowish brown; eyes
strongly granulate; labium reaching mesocoxae; antennal segment I barrel shaped, fuscous;
tylus enlarged apically. Pronotum strongly arched around eyes. Hemelytron brown, mot-
tled with dark brown; embolium wide; membrane opaque to translucent brown, veins
slightly more clear. Genitalia (Figs. 199-201). Total length 1.90 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 : Cayo sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgin) (IES).
Discussion. The specimen studied has neither the narrow brown band on the second
antennal segment nor the apical fourth of the embolium pale, characters given by Henry
(1977) to distinguish D. maldonadoi from other species of Diphleps. Further comparison
of the male genitalia, however, indicates that this specimen is D. maldonadoi. Hernndez
and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first report of D. maldonadoi in Cuba.
Tribe Mirinae Hahn
Diagnosis. This subfamily is recognized by the characters given in the key to subfamilies,
especially the structure of the apically divergent parempodia on the tarsal claws (Fig. 6).
Kelton (1959) described the rim of the gonopore as resembling a coiled spring and noted
that the vesica has sclerotized processes; Schwartz (1987, 2008) considered the vesical
aperture of the secondary gonopore well defined.
Discussion. This is the largest subfamily of Miridae, with six tribes, approximately
318 genera, and at least 4,000 described species (Schwartz, 1987; Schuh and Slater, 1995).
Key to Cuban Tribes of Mirinae
1. First segment of hind tarsus as long as second and third combined (Fig. 9); antennae
usually very long and slender; head porrect; frons usually with a distinct median
sulcus; coloration brown or green ........................................... Stenodemini China
First segment of hind tarsus shorter than second and third combined (Fig. 10);
antennae relatively short; frons without a median sulcus; coloration variable .......2
2. Species mostly dull black, marked with red, orange, or yellow on head, pronotum,
and/or scutellum; metathoracic evaporative area small; pronotal collar wide me-
sally..........................................................................................Restheniini Reuter
Species variably colored, often shiny, usually green, brown, or black with variable
markings; metathoracic evaporative area prominent; pronotal collar narrow ..........
........................................................................................................ Mirini Hahn
Tribe Mirini Hahn
Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by the combinations of prominent eyes,
not extending ventrally beyond middle of head; the strongly convex pronotal collar; the
dorsal margin of antennal fossa nearly even with ventral margin of eye in lateral view;
and the gently rounded frons.
The tribe Mirini comprises a worldwide group with at least 250 described genera,
and contains many species of economic importance (Schuh and Slater, 1995; Wheeler,
2001; Schwartz, 2008). It is represented in Cuba by 13 genera and 24 species.
Key to Cuban Genera of Mirini

(Adapted from Maldonado, 1969)
1. Body smooth or shagreened dorsally ...................................................................2

Body faintly or distinctly punctate dorsally .........................................................4
2. Species glabrous, shining, dark brown with distinct yellowish-white markings on

pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra; pronotum with four to six yellow stripes
reaching posterior margin; male genitalia (Figs. 226-229); dorsal habitus (Figs.
55,56) ..........................................................................................Horcias Distant
Species not glabrous or shining, more somber colored with green, black, or brown
background, sometimes with variably colored markings on pronotum; male genitalia
and dorsal habitus of species different from above ...............................................3
3. Hind femur flattened, noticeably narrowed toward apex; species variegated or mar-
bled dorsally, usually with two or three types of setae; male genitalia (Figs. 230-249);
dorsal habitus (Figs. 57-66) ......................................................... Phytocoris Falln
Hind femur not flattened, nearly of equal thickness throughout; greenish species,
often tinged with red, never marbled or variegated, with only simple setae; male
genitalia (Figs. 205-210); dorsal habitus (Figs. 47, 48) ............Creontiades Distant
4. Pronotum strongly declivous; scutellum prominently elevated (Fig. 41); hemelytron

usually bent down at cuneus; male genitalia (Figs. 215-220), shaft of left paramere
concave apically; dorsal habitus (Figs. 52, 53) ......................... Derophthalma Berg
Pronotum and scutellum horizontal; hemelytra usually not bent down at cuneus;
male genitalia different ........................................................................................5
5. Species abundantly spotted with yellow on vertex, pronotum, scutellum, pleura, abdo-
men, membrane, and legs; left paramere of male genitalia with a subbasal apodeme
(Figs. 221-225); dorsal habitus (Fig. 54) ................... Derophthalmoides Maldonado
Species not spotted or mottled with yellow; left paramere of male genitalia without
a subasal apodeme ...............................................................................................6
6. Hemelytra covered with silky pubescence, mixed with fine, erect, simple setae; male
genitalia (Figs. 250-252); dorsal habitus (Figs. 67, 68) .................Polymerus Hahn
Hemelytral pubescence not silky; male genitalia and dorsal habitus different from
above...................................................................................................................7
7. Species uniformly green or yellowish green dorsally, sometimes with faint fuscous marks
on hemelytra; male genitalia with basal lobe of left paramere strongly developed, apex
not bifurcate (Fig. 255); dorsal habitus of species (Fig. 70) ..........Taylorilygus Leston
Species with a different color pattern; basal lobe of left paramere not strongly de-
veloped ...............................................................................................................8
8. Species yellow to yellowish green, often marked with red dorsally; basal lobe of left
paramere not well developed, bifurcate apically (Figs. 211, 213); dorsal habitus (Fig.
49-51) .......................................................................................Dagbertus Distant
Species testaceous, black, or greenish, marked with black or red; genitalia dif-
ferent ...........................................................................................................9
9. Body polished, glabrous; male genitalia (Fig. 253); dorsal habitus (Fig. 69)...........
....................................................................................................... Proba Distant
Body dull or semishiny, finely pilose; male genitalia different from above ..........10
10. Species medium sized (3.00 mm); head short; frons punctate or transversely striate;
carina between eyes at base of head distinct; dorsal habitus (Fig. 71, 72) ...............
.............................................................................................. Tropidosteptes Uhler
Species large (6.00 mm or more); head long; frons impunctate; carina between eyes
at base of head obsolete .....................................................................................11
11. Pronotum with two distinct black spots on posterior lobe; vesica of the male genitalia
with distinct comb-shaped spicules (Fig. 207); body dull; dorsal habitus (Fig.45)
...............................................................................................Adelphocoris Reuter
Pronotum without black spots, polished with a black band along posterior
margin,extending to humeral angles; vesica of the male genitalia without comb-
shaped spicules; body shiny dorsally; dorsal habitus (Fig. 46) ..... Calondas Distant
Genus Adelphocoris Reuter
Adelphocoris Reuter 1896: 168. Type species: Cimex seticornis Fabricius, 1775.
Diagnosis. Elongate oval species. Eyes large. Labium extending to hind coxae. Tibial
spines prominent. Vesica of male genitalia with distinct comb-shaped spicules (Fig. 207).
Yasunaga (1990) provided the general characters to distinguish this genus from other
Mirinae, especially the comb-shaped spicules of male genitalia. This genus is very speciose
in the Palearctic (Schuh, 1995), but only one endemic and one introduced (adventive)
species occurs in North America (Wheeler and Henry, 1992). One adventive species
occurs in Cuba (Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b).
Adelphocoris rapidus (Say)

(Figs. 45, 202-204)
Capsus rapidus Say, 1832: 20 (orig. descrip.).

Adelphocoris rapidus: Carvalho, 1959: 18 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 295 (cat.); Schuh,
1995: 692 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list); Schwartz and Scudder
2003: 90 (n. syn., descrip., distr.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 45). Head brown, longer than wide; antennal seg-
ment I, segment II basally and apically, and two distinct spots on pronotum black; collar,
embolium, and lateral margins of cuneus whitish. Antennal segments III and IV yellow
basally, and red to apex. Labial segments reddish yellow; segment IV black. Cuneus red.
Clavus, corium, and scutellum dark brown; membrane black. Abdominal segments black,
with red dashes. Metathoracic auricle and evaporative area yellow. Front tibiae slightly
incrassate, black. Genitalia (Figs. 202-204). Total length 6.45-6.75 mm.
Host. Unknown in Cuba. This species is known to feed on a wide range of plants,
including corn, cotton, legumes, strawberries, and wheat, and occasionally becomes a
serious pest (Wheeler, 2001).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Habana (Habana) (IES, BMNH).
Discussion. This species was recorded from Cuba by Hernndez and Stonedahl
(1997b).
Genus Calondas Distant
Calondas Distant, 1884: 268. Type species: Calondas superbus Distant, 1884.
Diagnosis. Species polished, shiny. Antennal segment I slightly swollen, as long as head;
II, two times as long as head. Posterior margin of pronotum convex and slightly elevated.
This small genus, with only three described species, is distributed from Central to
South America (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one species.
Calondas fasciatus Distant

(Fig. 46)
Calondas fasciatus Distant, 1884: 268 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 52 (cat.); Alayo, 1974:
11 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Schuh, 1995: 721 (cat.); Hernndez and
Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 797.
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 46). Antennal segment I and II, apex of antennal
segment IV, frons, base of head, collar, anterior lobe of pronotum, meson of scutellum,
and a wide band on posterior lobe of pronotum black. Antennal segments II and IV and
meson of head yellowish. Pronotum with basal margin and a transverse band greenish.
Margin of clavus black; apex of corium and cuneus reddish; membrane opaque black with
cells darker. Femora testaceous; fore- and mesotibiae greenish; metatibia pale testaceous;
tarsal segment III yellow. Meso- and metasternum with a distinct black spot; evaporative
area of scent gland black. Abdomen dark brown. Body covered by adpressed pubescence,
especially on scutellum and hemelytra. Total length 7.30-9.00 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type specimen examined. Calondas fasciatus Distant, lectotype : Panam, Bugaba,

Champion (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 2 specimens: Alto del Cardero, Turquino; Loma
del Gato (Santiago de Cuba) (IES).
Genus Creontiades Distant
Creontiades Distant, 1883: 237. Type species: Megacoelum rubrinerve Stl, 1862b.
Diagnosis. Large, dull, parallel-sided species. Head: Eyes, prominent, touching anterior
margin of pronotum; vertex longitudinally sulcate; frons striolate. Antennae long, slen-
der; segment I longer than head width and shorter than length of head and pronotum
combined. Pronotum without lateral carina; collar narrow.
Discussion. This large genus includes 54 described species worldwide (Malipatil
and Cassis, 1997). It is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Creontiades
1. Smaller species, length 5.00 mm or less; uniformly green, including hemelytra and
scutellum; dorsal habitus (Fig. 47)............................................. debilis Van Duzee
Larger species, length 6.00 mm or more; green to greenish yellow; hemelytra tinged
and marked with red; scutellum finely brown spotted, with extreme apex black;
dorsal habitus (Fig. 48) ...............................................................rubrinervis (Stl)
Creontiades debilis Van Duzee

(Figs. 47, 205-207)
Creontiades debilis Van Duzee, 1915: 111 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 74 (cat.); Alayo,
1974: 10 (diag., host); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302
(cat.); Schuh, 1995: 744 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished from C. rubrinervis by the smaller size, strongly convex
vertex; more distinct calli; the uniformly green or yellowish-green dorsal coloration,
without red lines or a red tinge; and the relatively shorter large cell of the membrane.
Host. Collected on Batis maritima L. [Bataceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Bataban (Habana) (IES).
Creontiades rubrinervis (Stl)

(Figs. 48, 208-210)
Megacoelum rubrinerve Stl, 1862b: 321 (orig. descrip.).

Creontiades rubrinervis: Bruner et al., 1945: 132, 137 (hosts); Alayo, 1974: 9 (diag., hosts);
Bruner et al., 1975: 253 (host); Carvalho, 1959: 77 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 130
(note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 138 (note); Schuh, 1995:
746 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 48). Distinguished from C. debilis by the larger
size; the red-tinged antennal segment I and apically red segments II and III; the less
convex calli; and yellowish-green upper surface and legs variously tinged or marked with
red; veins of membrane red; and the longer, more erect hemelytral setae. Genitalia (Figs.
Hosts. Maldonado (1969) reported this species from Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) [Con-
vulvulaceae] and Canavalia maritima Thouars [Fabaceae]. Also collected on Ipomoea sp.
[Convolvulaceae]; Phaseolus lunatus L., P. vulgaris L. [Fabaceae], Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp. [Fabaceae]; Bruner et al. (1945, 1975) listed Vigna sinensis Endl. ex Hassk. (Faba-
ceae); Zayas (1989) added chick peas (Cicer arietinum L.) [Fabaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 50 specimens: Santa Fe; Sierra La Reforma (Isla de la
Juventud). Viales; Soroa; Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Sierras de Jaruco, Sitio Perdido;
Bainoa (Habana). Santiago de La Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Cinaga de
Zapata; Yumuri; Arcos de Canasi; Agramonte (Matanzas). Soledad (Cienfuegos). Pelo
Malo; Palmira; Universidad Central de La Villas (Villa Clara). Tres Palmas, Escambray;
Jatibonico; Cudina, Topes de Collantes; Buenos Aires (Sancti Spiritus). Baracoa (Holgin).
La Emajagua; Ojito de Agua (Guantnamo). Lomas del Gato; El Cobre; Jarahueca; Sierra
Maestra; Imias (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Genus Dagbertus Distant
Dagbertus Distant, 1904b: 203. Type species: Capsus darwini Butler, 1877.
Diagnosis. Oval-elongate species, dorsally rugose, clothed with decumbent, short, simple
pubescence. Head three times longer than wide; vertex one third as long as head width,
marginate and sometimes carinate. Labium extending to meso- or metacoxae. Antennal
segment I as long as head width; segment II three times longer than segment I; segments
III and IV subequal, slender. Pronotum trapeziform, weakly convex, impunctate; humeral
margins rounded; lateral margins straight; calli flat; mesoscutum sometimes exposed.
Hemelytron superficially rugose, weakly punctate; embolium slightly expanded to apex;

cuneus two times longer than wide (Carvalho and Fontes, 1983).
This genus is distinguished from Taylorilygus by the overall smaller size and the structure
of the male genitalia, especially by the bifurcate apex of the left paramere (Figs. 211, 213),
and from Proba by the lack of a complete carina at the base of head and the overall dull
surface texture (shiny or polished in Proba). Dagbertus is a large genus with approximately
43 described species (Carvalho and Fontes, 1983). It is represented in Cuba by three species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Dagbertus
1. Antennal segment II fuscous at apex; dorsal habitus (Fig. 50).....olivaceus (Reuter)

Antennal segment II uniformly pale ....................................................................2
2. Apex of clypeus, pleural stripe on thorax, and transverse band across pronotum dark
brown; dorsal habitus (Fig. 51) ............................................semipictus (Blatchley)
Apex of clypeus uniformly pale; pleural area of thorax lacking dark areas (at most,
with flecks of red), and pronotum uniformly pale; dorsal habitus (Fig. 49) ...........
.................................................................................................. fasciatus (Reuter)
Dagbertus fasciatus (Reuter)

(Figs. 49, 211, 212)
Lygus fasciatus Reuter, 1876: 72 (orig. descrip.).

Dagbertus fasciatus: Carvalho, 1959: 80 (cat.); Henry, 1985b: 1122 (descrip., lectotype
desig., hosts); Carvalho and Fontes, 1983: 158 (key); Maldonado, 1986: 131 (note,
hosts); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 751 (cat.); Hernndez
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 49). Antennal segment II unicolorous, pale; scutel-
lum lacking red or fuscous markings, if weakly marked, inner margin of clavus infuscated or
clouded with brown. Paraclypeus with a bright red, transverse band apically. Pronotum with
a dark, transverse band posteriorly. Genitalia (Figs. 211, 212). Total length 2.85-3.30 mm.
Hosts. Maldonado (1986) listed Cordia nitida Vahl [Boraginaceae] and Tecoma stans
Juss. [Bignoniaceae]; Leston (1979) reported this species on avocado, Persea americana
Mill. [Lauraceae] in Florida.
Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined.
Discussion. This species is readily distinguished from D. olivaceus by the uniformly
pale antennal segment II. It is widespread in the United States, including Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas (Henry and Wheeler, 1988). Maldonado
(1986) recorded it from Cuba without giving a specific locality.
Dagbertus olivaceus (Reuter)

(Figs. 50, 213, 214)
Lygus olivaceus Reuter, 1907: 6 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 129 (host).
Dagbertus olivaceus: Carvalho, 1959: 80 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 11 (diag., hosts); Carvalho
and Fontes, 1983: 158 (key); Henry 1985b: 1123 (descrip., lectotype desig., hosts);
Maldonado, 1986: 131 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 302 (cat.); Zayas, 1988:
140 (note); Schuh, 1995: 752 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 50). Distinguished from D. fasciatus by the api-
cally black antennal segment II; the entirely or apically red or fuscous scutellum; and the
unmarked clavus. Paraclypeus unmarked. Labium straw colored, segment IV dark brown
or black apically. Scutellum mostly red or at least apical third red, speckled with red, or
fuscous. Pronotum without a transverse dark band. Hemelytron with clavus blackish along
commisure, some specimens with inner apex of corium black; apex of cuneus brownish
red. Genitalia (Figs. 213, 214). Total length 2.70-3.90 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Persea sp. [Lauraceae]; Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae]; Syzygium
jambos (L.) Alston [Myrtaceae]; Zea mays L. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974);
Leston (1979) and Zayas (1989) reported the species on Persea americana Mill.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 20 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; La Animas, Sierra de
Rangel; Peninsula de Guanahacabibes; Bahia Honda (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas;
El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). C. de Guines; Laguna Ariguanabo (La Habana). Sierra
de Cubitas (Camagey). Loma de la Mensura (Holgin). Pico del Cardero, Turquino
(Santiago de Cuba). La Fa, Imias (Guantnamo) (IES, BMNH).
Dagbertus semipictus (Blatchley)

(Fig. 51)
Bolteria semipictus Blatchley, 1926: 743 (orig. descrip.).

Dagbertus parafasciatus Maldonado, 1969: 36 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho and Fontes, 1983:170
(key, descrip.). Synonymized by Henry, 1985b: 1123.
Dagbertus semipictus: Henry 1985b: 1123 (n. comb.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 303 (cat.);
Schuh, 1995: 753 (cat.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 51). Most similar to D. fasciatus in having an entirely
pale second antennal segment, but can be distinguished by the second antennal segment
being longer than the basal width of the pronotum (shorter than width of pronotum
in D. fasciatus), the apically fuscous clypeus (tylus), the dark brown to reddish-brown
plueral stripe of the thorax (often extending onto the abdomen (dark stripe absent; at
most with red flecks in D. fasciatus), and the wide, transverse, dark brown band on the
pronotum (and often across the base and apex of the corium). Length 3.00-3.60 mm.
Female: Similar to male in having the apex of the clypeus dark brown, but dark
brown markings on the pleural areas of the thorax and abdomen are usually absent, and
the dorsal band on the pronotum is much less distinct or absent.
Hosts. Maldonado (1969) recorded Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. [Bignoniaceae] (for D.
parafasciatus) as a host in Puerto Rico. Henry (1985b) found this species in large numbers
on flowers of Hippocratea volubilis L. [Hippocrateaceae] in Florida.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 , 1 : Horiguero, J. J. MacGillavry (ZMA).
Discussion. Dagbertus semipictus, previously known only from Puerto Rico and
Florida (Henry, 1985b), represents a new record for Cuba.
Genus Derophthalma Berg
Derophthalma Berg, 1883: 22. Type species: Derophthalma reuteri Berg, 1883.
Diagnosis. Carvalho and Gomes (1980) recognized this genus by the elongate-oval
body, punctate pronotum and scutellum, and the strongly shagreened hemelytra. Head
strongly declivous, longer than wide; vertex slightly depressed mesally, and finely sulcate;
gula elongate; eye large. Pronotum shagreened, prominent mesally; strongly declivous
in some species. Scutellum distinctly elevated; mesoscutum exposed. Hemelytron with
declivous cuneus. Clothed with adpressed, dense, silky pubescence.
Derophthalma contains 26 described species, distributed primarily in South America,
with only six recorded from West Indies. Carvalho and Gomes (1980) revised the genus
and provided a key to the species. Only two species are known to occur in Cuba (Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl, 1997b), both of which are described as new below.
Key to Cuban Species of Derophthalma
1. Larger species (3.45 mm); antennal segment I pale brown with a narrow fuscous
band at base, antennal segment II pale brown, apex narrowly dark brown; embolium
concolorous with corium; male genitalia (Figs. 218-220); dorsal habitus (Fig. 52) ...
.......................................................................................... guantanamoensis, n. sp.
Smaller species (2.55 mm); antennal segment I uniformly dark brown, antennal segment
II brownish yellow, with apical third dark brown; embolium red, contrasting with brown
corium; male genitalia (Figs. 215-217); dorsal habitus (Fig. 53) ..........elongata, n. sp.
Derophthalma elongata Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 53, 215-217)
Drophthalma sp. B: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list)
Diagnosis. Similar to D. dominicana Carvalho and Gomes in lacking a spicule on the

vesica (Carvalho and Gomes, 1980), but differs in the structure of parameres (Figs. 179),
especially the more elongate left paramere, with a shorter shaft. Distinguished from D.
guantanamoensis by the dark brown antennal segment I, the dark apical third of segment
II, and the red embolium.
Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 53). Total length 2.55 mm. Head:
Length 0.63 mm; head width across eyes 0.63 mm; width of vertex 0.30 mm; castane-
ous, covered with adpressed, yellow setae. Labium: Segment I brownish yellow; II yellow;
III castaneous basally and yellowish to apex; IV dark brown. Antenna: Segment I dark
brown, length 0.31 mm; II brownish yellow, base and apical third brown, length 0.49
mm; III and IV brownish yellow, length III 0.37 mm, IV 0.18 mm. Thorax. Pronotum:
Mesal length 0.60 mm; posterior length 1.05 mm; castaneous; scutellum brownish yellow.
Hemelytron: Corium brown with mottled pale and brown areas dorsally; embolium and
cuneus reddish, apex of cuneus white; membrane opaque; covered with tufts of adpressed
setae. Legs: Coxae and hind femora dark brown, base of pro- and mesofemur with brown
annuli; tibiae yellow. Venter: Abdomen brown; metathoracic scent gland evaporative area
whitish. Genitalia (Figs. 215-217).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. This species is named elongata in reference to the elongate left paramere.
Type material. Holotype : [label 1] Cupeyal, Yateras, Ote. [Holgin], VI.1971;
[label 2, yellow] 8; [label 3] 17 foto; [label 4, red, here added] Holotype : Deroph-
thalma elongata Hernndez and Henry(IES).
Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 52, 218-220)
Derophthalma sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list)

Derophthalma sp. C: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list)
Diagnosis. Similar to D. chilena Carvalho and Gomes (Carvalho and Gomes, 1980), but
differs in the dark brown general coloration with yellow areas dorsally, and the structure
of male genitalia. Distinguished from D. elongata by the larger size, differently colored
antennae and embolium, and the male genitalia.
Description. Male (n = 1): Dorsal habitus (Fig 52). Macropterous; total length
2.99 mm; general coloration dark brown with brownish-yellow areas dorsally. Head:
Length 0.30 mm, width across eyes 0.28 mm, width of vertex 0.20 mm; dark brown,
declivous; clypeus produced, black. Labium: Extending to mesocoxa, segment II
and IV brown, other segments pale yellow. Antenna: Segment I brown, length 0.24
mm; II yellow, dark brown apically, length 1.11; III pale brown, length 0.45 mm; IV
missing. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.75 mm; posterior width 1.05 mm; dark
brown with pale areas at humeral angles and along middle of posterior lobe. Scutellum:
Unicolorous with a pale yellow stripe on disc, yellow to apex. Hemelytron: Covered
with tufts of erect, yellow setae dorsally; clavus dark brown; corium pale castaneous
basally and apically; membrane opaque, veins brown. Legs: Coxa, apex of hind femur,
and base and apex of tibia dark brown. Venter. Scent gland evaporative area whitish.
Genitalia (Figs. 218-220).
Female (n = 1): Macropterous; total length 3.45 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm,
width across eyes 0.78 mm, width of vertex 0.30 mm; dark brown, declivous, an-
teocular distance to tip of clypeus less than dorsal width of eyes; clypeus dark brown;
mandibular plates elevated; eye occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium:
Brown. Antenna: Base of antennal segment I length 0.24 mm, brown; II length 0.99
mm, brown apically; III length 0.99 mm, brown apically; IV length 0.75 mm, brown
apically. Thorax. Pronotum: Mesal length 0.76 mm; posterior width 1.50 mm; pro-
notum and scutellum distinctly punctate; calli dark brown; pronotum and scutellum
with adpressed, yellow setae. Hemelytron: Clavus, middle of corium, embolium, and
cuneus dark brown, remainder of corium pale castaneous, lateral margin of cuneus pale
castaneous; membrane opaque, veins brown. Legs: Uniformly yellow. Ventral surface:
Abdominal segments brown; mesepisternum and metapleura black; metathoracic scent
gland evaporative area white.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. This species is named after the province in which it was collected.
Discussion. Our description of the female above is based on a specimen from Loma
de la Mensura. It compares well with the only known male of this species, but more
material will be required to verify this association.
Type material. Holotype : [label 1] La Emajagua, G[uan]t[]namo, 27.VII.1990,
L. F. Armas, a la luz, 470 m; [label 2, yellow] 7; [label 3] 16 foto; [label 4, red, here
added] Holotype : Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernndez and Henry (IES).
Paratype: 1 , Loma de la Mensura, Pinares de Mayari (Holgin), L. F. Armas, V. Becker,
a la luz, 780 mm (IES).
Genus Derophthalmoides Maldonado
Deraophthalmoides Maldonado, 1986: 131 (orig. descrip.). Type species: Derophthalmoides

multimaculatus Maldonado, 1986.
Diagnosis. Species brown, spotted and mottled with yellow; pronotum, hemelytra, and
scutellum covered with sparse, short, adpressed setae. Head vertical; eyes large; labium
extending to mesocoxa. Antennal segments mostly linear; I as long as interocular space; II,
slightly incrassate toward apex, nearly glabrous. Pronotum declivous, smooth, posteriorly
rounded well above level of head. Scutellum smooth, slightly wider than long, convex,
not swollen or gibbous (Maldonado, 1986).
This monotypic genus is known only from Cuba (Maldonado, 1986).
Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado

(Figs. 54, 221-225)
Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado, 1986: 131 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 755
(cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 54). General coloration brown with abundant
yellowish spots on vertex, pronotum, scutellum, pleurae, abdomen, and membrane. An-
tennal segment I with one or two yellow spots; II with a yellow band about midlength.
Embolium yellow with spots and dashes of brown; cuneus pale brown, margined with
yellow; membrane dark brown, spotted with yellow. Genitalia (Figs. 221-225). Total
length (to base of cuneus) 2.50 mm (Maldonado, 1986).
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. None examined. The holotype is deposited in the Mora-
vian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic. A paratype supposedly retained in the Maldonado
collection (USNM) was not located.
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded D. multimaculatus from Varadero and
Matanzas, Cuba.
Genus Horcias Distant
Horcias Distant, 1884: 277. Type species: Horicas variegatus Distant, 1884.
Diagnosis. Members of this genus are recognized by the polished dorsum, linear antennal
segment II, and cuneus that is as long as wide.
This large genus with 32 described species is widely distributed in the Neotropical
Region (Schuh, 1995). Carvalho (1976b) and Carvalho and Jurberg (1976) reviewed
this genus and related taxa in the New World, and provided a key to species. Horcias is
represented in Cuba by one variable species. This is the first record of the genus for Cuba
and the West Indies.
Horcias multilineatus Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 55, 56, 226-229)
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Mirinae by the four to six yellow stripes
on pronotum, the basally yellow antennal segments I and II, basally and apically to en-
tirely brown cuneus, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the apically curved,
sclerotized process of the vesica and the left paramere with a prominent mesal process.
Description. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 55). Macropterous; total length 4.80 mm;
brown; head and pronotum marked with yellow; hemelytron with white areas basally
and on inner region of corium, with a white stripe running parallel through claval vein
to apex of vein R+M. Head: Total length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.75 mm; width of
vertex 0.30 mm; declivous; frons rugose; junction with clypeus depressed; maxillar and
mandibular plates elevated, black basally; buccula set with white, erect setae; eyes promi-
nent, occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium: Extending to metacoxa.
Antenna: Segment I thicker than segment III, length 0.69 mm; II two times longer than
I, slightly enlarged to apex, length 1.50 mm; III subequal to segment IV, length 0.46 mm;
IV length 0.45 mm; all segments dark brown with bases yellow; all segments covered with
short, erect pubescence. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 1.05 mm; anterior width 1.80; trape-
ziform with six dorsal, yellow stripes; anterior margins straight; lateral margins parallel-
sided; posterior margins yellow, collar yellow. Scutellum: Yellowish orange. Hemelytron:
Brown; emboliar margins convex apically; cuneus longer than wide; membrane black.
Legs: Femora apically reddish; tibiae with spines shorter than tibial widths, intermixed
with spinules, and covered with yellow setae; tarsal segment III brown. Venter: Yellowish
orange; abdominal segments reddish near spiracles. Genitalia (Figs. 226-229).
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 56). Macropterous; total length 2.55 mm; general
coloration brown with yellow markings on collar, pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra;
dorsally clothed with short, erect, yellow setae. Head: Total length 0.30 mm; width across
eyes 0.75 mm; width of vertex 0.30 mm; declivous; width of vertex two times wider than
dorsal width of eyes; clypeus prominent; mandibular plate weakly elevated. Labium:
Extending to metacoxae. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, length 0.30 mm; II longer
than remaining segments, five times longer than segment III, length 2.40 mm; III two
times longer than segment I, brown, length 0.45 mm; IV brown, length 0.26 mm; all
segments set with short, yellow setae. Thorax. Pronotum: Length 0.75 mm; anterior width
1.12 mm; trapeziform; brown, with four distinct, yellow stripes dorsally, mesal stripes
wider than lateral ones; collar yellow, wider than width of antennal segment I; pronotum
with short, erect setae. Scutellum: Yellow, brown mesally on basal half. Hemelytron: Apex
of clavus and medial suture marked with yellow, remainder of hemelytron brown, with
apex of clavus reddish brown; membrane black. Legs: Femora yellow with two pale brown
annuli apically on metafemur; metacoxa dashed with red; tibiae brown. Venter: Yellow.
Etymology. This species is named for the multiple lines or stripes on the pronotum.
Host. Females were collected on Phyllanthus ovicularis [Euphorbiaceae].
Type specimen. Holotype : Cuba, Santa Clara (Villa Clara) (IES) [verbatim data
not captured].
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 2 : Cajlbana (Pinar del Rio) (IES).
Discussion. According to Carvalho (1976b), this species should be included in the
subgenus Horciasiodes Carvalho based on the unicolorous hind femur without subapical
white spots.
We note that the females included with this species differ from the holotype male by
the smaller size, the unicolorous antennae, the four yellow stripes on the pronotum, the
uniformly yellow scutellum, and the brown cuneus. Even so, the similarities, including
the size and proportions of the various body structures (except length), preclude recogniz-
ing a second species based only on females and the limited amount of material at hand.
Genus Phytocoris Falln

Phytocoris Falln, 1814. Type species: Cimex populi Linnaeus, 1758.
Diagnosis. Lorum moderately to strongly swollen. Antenna long, cylindrical, segments

linear or nearly so. Dorsal coloration variable, usually mottled or variegated; pronotum
and hemelytra without distinct punctures; dorsal vestiture with two or three types of se-
tae. Hind femur long, usually reaching beyond apex or abdomen, slightly to moderately
flattened, broadest near base, slightly to strongly tapered distally. Genital capsule usually
with tubercles above paramere bases; shaft of left paramere slightly to greatly expanded
distally in dorsal view; right paramere narrowly to broadly lanceolate, sometimes more
complex; vesica with one or more primary membranous lobes, basal process and sclero-
tized process well developed (Stonedahl, 1988b).
This is the largest genus of Mirinae with more than 500 described species (Stonedahl,
1988b). Stonedahl (1995) indicated that while the groups II, III, and IV of Knight (1941)
appear to be natural assemblages, his group I clearly is not monophyletic and includes
taxa belonging to different species groups. Carvalho and Ferreira (1969) and Carvalho
and Gomes (1970) studied the Neotropical Phytocoris; Reuter (1907), Maldonado (1969,
1991), and Carvalho (1990b) reviewed the Antillian species; and Hernndez and Stone-
dahl (1997a) treated the Cuban fauna, adding nine new species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Phytocoris

(After Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a)
1. Length of antennal segment I 1.5-2.0 times greater than head width across eyes
...........................................................................................................................2
Length of antennal segment I less than or equal to width of head across eyes, or
rarely slightly greater than head width .................................................................3
2. Dorsal surface of the body with numerous clusters of bright, silky setae; antennae,
pronotum, hemelytra, and legs uniformly greenish yellow .....................................
........................................................................... imias Hernndez and Stonedahl
Dorsal surface of body with scattered silky setae, these never arranged in clusters;
antennae, lateral and posterior margins of pronotum, oblique mark near apex of
corium, apices of femora, and basal quarter and distal half of tibiae dark red.........
...................................................................... ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl
3. Hemeltyral membrane more or less evenly suffused with fuscous, lacking distinct
dark spots or maculae; sclerotized process of male vesica with 8-10 heavy teeth along
outer margin (Fig. 232) .......................................................................................4
Hemelytral membrane marked with dark spots or maculae, these sometimes coalesc-
ing to form larger fuscous patches; sclerotized process of male vesica without teeth
along outer margin (Fig. 235), but sometimes with series of fine teeth along outer
margin of right membranous lobe (Figs. 238, 243) .............................................6
4. Length of antennal segment I about equal to width across eyes (ratio 1.00:1 to
1.17:1); posterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, distomedial region of corium, and
cuneus mostly bright green, fading to yellowish brown with age; male genitalia
(Figs. 247-249); dorsal habitus (Fig. 66) ... turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl
Length of antennal segment I less than width across eyes (ratio 0.50-1 to 0.66:1);
dorsal surface of body not marked with bright green; male genitalia and dorsal
habitus of species different from above ................................................................5
5. Antennal segment II dark brown, base narrowly pale; antennal segment III nearly
black, base narrowly pale; outer margin of cuneus narrowly pale, marked with 2-3
dark spots; male genitalia (Figs. 230-232); dorsal habitus (Fig. 57) .......................
............................................................................................... angustifrons Knight
Extreme base and distal half of antennal segment II pale, intervening area brown to
dark brown; antennal segment III nearly black with base and apex narrowly pale;
outer margin of cuneus broadly pale, marked with 2-3 dark spots; male genitalia
not examined; dorsal habitus (Fig. 64) ........ maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl
6. Scutellum ashen or pale brown, with an elongate fuscous mark either side before
apex, sometimes also with limited fuscous markings along anterior margin .........7
Scutellum dark brown, without an elongate fuscous mark, apical third white or
with an ovate, pale spot either side before apex....................................................9
7. Ventral surface of antennal segment I mostly fuscous, length of segment about two
thirds of width across eyes of males; dorsal habitus (Fig. 61) .................................
........................................................................cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl
Ventral surface of antennal segment I mostly pale, length of segment about equal
to width across eyes of male ................................................................................8
8. Left paramere of male genitalia with a moderately elevated sensory lobe and broadly
rounded apex of shaft (Fig. 242); vesica with a series of small teeth on outer distal
margin of right membranous lobe (Fig. 243); body length 3.80-4.00; dorsal habitus
(Fig. 62) ............................................................... iani Hernndez and Stonedahl
Left paramere of male genitalia with a weakly elevated sensory lobe and an elongate,
narrowly rounded apex of shaft (Fig. 236); vesica with a narrow, sclerotized strap
along outer margin of right membranous lobe, with fine teeth along entire length
(Fig. 238); body length 4.20 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 60) ....................................
...................................................................... banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl
9. Antennal segment I pale with a reticulate pattern of reddish-brown to fuscous marks

on dorsal and lateral surfaces; scutellum dark brown with a pale, ovate mark either
side before apex; parameres and vesica of male genitalia (Figs. 244-246); body length
3.50-4.20 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 65) ...........similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl
Antennal segment I pale with a narrow fuscous band at apex and several dark spots
dorsally at base of bristlelike setae; scutellum dark brown basally, apical third uni-
formly pale; parameres and vesica of male genitalia (Figs. 233-235); body length
3.00-3.50; dorsal habitus (Fig. 59) .................... armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl
Phytocoris angustifrons Knight

(Figs. 57, 230-232)
Phytocoris angustifrons Knight, 1926b: 164 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note);
Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 60 (diag., note, distr.); Hernndez and Stonedahl,
1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Similar to P. pinicola Knight and P. diversus Knight (Knight, 1941),
but distinguished from these species by the larger eyes and narrow vertex, brownish to
fuscous simple pubescent setae, and the more thickly intermixed whitish, sericeous pubes-
cence. Head yellowish red on vertex, frons, and dorsal margin and base of lora. Labium
extending slightly beyond posterior margin of hind coxae. Antennal segment I 0.60 mm
in length; II, fusco-brownish, narrowly pale at base; III black, narrowly pale at base; IV,
blackish. Pronotum yellowish to dusky, darker near base but narrow basal margin pale.
Hemelytron with three or four dark points on outer margin of cuneus. Genitalia (Figs.
230-232): Vesica with nine teeth on the sclerotized process. Total length 5.10 mm.
Hosts. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Phytocoris angustifrons: Holotype , USA: Dunedin, Florida,
iv.I.1921, W. S. Blatchley (USNM). Paratype: 1 , USA: Ocean Springs, Mississippi,
4.viii.1921 (USNM).
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded P. angustifrons Knight from Cuba
without specific locality. This species was placed in group III and recorded from Florida,
Louisiana, and Mississippi by Knight (1941).
Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997a) explained the confusion regarding the name
of this species. Blatchley (1926) described Phytocoris megalopsis as a new species and
redescribed P. angustifrons Knight (1926b). Knight (1927) considered these two species
synonyms. Blatchley (1928) agreed with Knights (1927) synonymy of P. megalopsis, but
failed to rename his preoccupied P. angustifrons Blatchley (1926). Hussey (1957), how-
ever, correctly proposed the new name P. pseudonymus for the preoccupied P. angustifrons
Blatchley (1926). All of these names are incorrectly listed as synonyms of Phytocoris pseud-
onymus by Schuh (1995), but Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997a) agreed with Henry and
Wheeler (1988) that P. angustifrons Knight and P. pseudonymus Hussey are distinct species.
Phytocoris ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Fig. 58)
Phytocoris ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 62 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 58). This species does not conform to any of the
taxa treated by Carvalho and Ferreira (1969). It runs with difficulty to Knights (1941)
group IV in having the antennae pale yellow or red rather than dark brown or black. The
long first antennal segment and dark reddish-brown coloration of the antenna, pronotal
margins, apex of corium, apices of femora, and most tibiae distinguish this species from
other taxa in Group IV and other species of Phytocoris in Cuba. Total length 4.35 mm.
Male: Unknown.
Hosts. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, La Mensura,
Holgin, 6.vi.1990, L. F. Armas, 640 m snm (IES).
Phytocoris armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 59, 233-235)
Phytocoris armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 62 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 59). This species runs to P. breviusculus Reuter
in Knights (1941) treatment of eastern North American Phytocoris. Although the two
species are superficially similar, P. armasi is easily distinguished by the pale first antennal
segment with a dark brown apical band and a spot on the dorsal surface; the dark brown
scutellum with the apical third uniformly pale; and the structure of male genitalia (Figs.
233-235), especially the left paramere excavated on the outer apical surface (Fig. 233)
and the vesica with a long, bifurcate sclerite at the apex of the primary membranous sac
of the vesica (Fig. 235). Total length 3.00 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, 1 Km Imias, Holgin, 2.ii.1990,
L.F.Armas, a la luz, 150 m (IES). Paratypes: 7 and 3 , same data as for holotype;
4 and 2 , Loma de la Bandera, Pinares de Marayi, Holgin, 2.ii.1990, L. F.
Armas-V. Becker, charracal, a la luz, 350 m (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Phytocoris banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 60, 236-238)
Phytocoris banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 63 (orig. descrip.).

Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 60). This species keys to P. parvus Knight in
Knight (1941) but differs by the longer, paler, simple setae on the dorsum; the broadly
darkened, mediolateral area on the pronotal disc; fuscous inner margin of corium; and
the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 236-238). Total length 4.20 mm.
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Type specimen examined. Holotype : Cuba, Loma de la Bandera, Holgin,
13.vi.1990, L.F. Armas-Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 400 m (IES).
Phytocoris cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 61, 239-241)
Phytocoris cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 63 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 61). Similar to P. banderae and P. iani, but distin-
guished by the shorter first antennal segment with the ventral surface mostly fuscous (see
couplet 7 in key) and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 239-241). Total length 4.20-4.50.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina,
Holgin, 8.viii.1990, L.F.Armas-V. Becker, a la luz (IES). Paratypes: 1, same data as
for holotype; 1 , Herradura, 2-201932, Bruner-Otero (BMNH).
Phytocoris iani Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 62, 242, 243)
Phytocoris iani Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 65 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: This species is similar to Phytocoris banderae in external appearance, but
may be distinguished by the shape of the apex of the left paramere and the teeth on the
membranous lobe of the vesica (Figs. 242, 243). Total length 3.80-4.02 mm.
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Loma de la Bandera, Mayari, Hol-
gin, 12.vi.1990, L. F.Armas-V.Becker, a la luz, charrascal, 400 m (IES). Paratype: 1 ,
Camagey, 15.vii.1923, J. Acua (IES).
Phytocoris imias Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Fig. 63)
Phytocoris imias Henrnndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 66 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 63). This species keys to Knights (1941) group
IV in having the length of antennal segment I greater than the width of the head across
the eyes and the more nearly pale coloration (rather than dark brown or black), but may
be distinguished by the silky, bright patches of setae on the hemelytra, intermixed with
erect brown setae, and the general greenish coloration. Total length 5.85 mm.
Male: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, 3 Km, Imias, Guantnamo,
16.vii.1990, L.F. Armas, a la luz (IES).
Phytocoris maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Fig. 64)
Phytocoris maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 66 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 64). This species is externally similar to species in
Knights (1941) group III (e.g., P. conspersipes Reuter, P. diversus Knight, P. pinicola Knight
and, particularly, P. angustifrons Knight), but can be distinguished by reddish-brown first
antennal segment with pale spots, second antennal segment with a pale annulus basally
and medially, third antennal segment with a pale annulus basally and apically, and the
more brown than red markings on hemelytron, especially on the apex of the cuneus.
Total length, 3.71-4.20 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, La Siberia, Sierra Maestra, Santiago
de Cubam 8.vi.1967, Garca-Zayas (IES). Paratypes: 2 , same data as for holotype
(BMNH, IES).
Phytocoris similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 65, 244-246)
Phytocoris similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 67 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 65). Similar to P. armasi, but distinguished by the
slightly larger size, the reticulate markings on the first antennal segment, the dark brown
scutellum with two subapical white spots, and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 244-
246). Total length 3.45-4.05 mm.
Hosts. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Cupeyal, Yateras, Holgin, with-
out collector, vi.1971 (IES). Paratypes: 2 , 1 , Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina,
Holgin, L.F.Armas-V.Becker, 3.vii.1990, a la luz; 8 , Cayo Sabina, Pinares de
Mayari, Holgin, vii.1990, Luis F. Armas-V. Becker, a la luz, 645 m; 4 , La Fa,
Imias, Holgin, vii.1990, L.F.Armas, a la luz; 1 , Moa, Holgin, 3-16.XI.1942, J.
Acua (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Phytocoris turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl

(Figs. 66, 247-249)
Phytocoris turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a: 67 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 66). Distinguished from other Cuban Phytocoris
by the bright green areas on pronotum, scutellum, corium, and cuneus; the hemelytral
membrane without distinct dark spots; and the structure of male genitalia, especially the
vesica with 8-10 large teeth arising from outer margin of the sclerotized process (Figs.
Female: Similar to male in appearance.
Hosts. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Pico turquino, Santiago de Cuba,
1-29.vi.1936, J. Acua, at light, 3750 feet (IES). Paratypes: 2 , same data as for ho-
lotype; 1 , Pico Cuba, Turquino, x.1966, Garcia Broche (BMNH, IES).
Genus Polymerus Hahn
Polymerus Hahn, 1831: 27. Type species: Polymerus holosericeus Hahn, 1831.
Diagnosis. Elongate-oval, pubescent species, variable in coloration. Head oblique, short;

eyes large, prominent, carina between them distinct. Hemelytra finely punctate, with
scattered simple setae, thickly intermixed with erect and semierect, sericeous setae. Male
elongate; female oval, more robust. Recognized by segment I of hind tarsus shorter than
segment II; the collar length equal to thickness of antennal segment II; the linear anten-
nal segments; and the body covered by yellow to silvery, silky or sericeus setae, mixed
with fine, semierect setae.
Polymerus is a large genus with approximately 94 described species (Schuh, 1995). Fer-
reira (1980) revised and keyed the Neotropical species. It is represented in Cuba by one species.
Polymerus testaceipes (Stl)

(Figs. 67, 68, 250-252)
Deraeocoris testaceipes Stl, 1860: 50 (orig. descrip.).

Polymerus cuneatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 11 (host), 127; Bruner et al., 1975 (host).
Polymerus testaceipes: Carvalho, 1959: 240 (cat.); Maldonado, 1969: 48 (note); Alayo,
1974:10 (diag., hosts); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 358 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 138
(note); Carvalho, 1990b: 209 (descrip., syn.); Schuh, 1995: 933 (cat.); Hernndez
Polymerus basalis: Alayo, 1974: 10 (note); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (list); Hernndez and
Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list.)
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Figs. 67, 68).This species has two or more color
forms, as described by Maldonado (1969) and Ferreira (1980). The dark form (Fig. 67)
is generally black with yellowish areas laterally on the frons, and two spots on the vertex
touching inner margin of eyes; the collar, base, and apex of antennal segment I, apex
and 1/4 of segment II, and segment IV are black; the remaining segments I and II are
testaceous; and the last segment of the labium is black; the apices of cuneus and cuneal
fracture are yellowish; the legs are castaneous with dark brown spots; the bases of tibiae
and last segment of tarsi are black; the tibial spines have brown basal spots; the apex of
propleura and abdominal segments are yellowish; the genital capsule is brown; and the
scutellum is yellowish to apex. The pale form (Fig. 68) is more brownish, having the
head (especially the frons) and cuneus yellowish; the scutellum is predominately yellow
with lateral margins brown; and the legs are overall reddish brown, with the hind femur
usually entirely brown. Both color forms are clothed with yellowish silky or sericeous
setae. Genitalia (Figs. 250-252). Total length 3.00-4.00 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Amaranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae]; Bidens pilosa
L. [Asteraceae]; Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae]; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Sola-
naceae]; Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae]; Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae] (Bruner
et al., 1945, 1975).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 38 specimens: El Abra, Sierra de Casas; Punta del
Este (Isla de la Juventud). Hormiguera, Oct. (Cienfuegos). Pennsula de Guanahacabibes;
Pinar del Rio, Mar.; Sierra de Mesa; La Tumba; Soroa (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de los
Baos; Bauta; Bainoa; Alqizar; Boca de Jaruco; Gines (Habana). El Laguito, Marianao;
La Chata (Ciudad de la Habana). San Blas, Mar.; Valle del Yumuri (Matanzas). Junco,
Escambray; Tres Palmas, Escambray; Manacal; Hanabanilla; Jibacoa; Topes de Collantes
(Sancti Spiritus). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). U.C.L.V. (Villa Clara). Toa; La
Matazn (Guantnamo). Pico Cuba; La Emajagua; La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba).
Baracoa; Yateras (Holgin). Bayamo (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA).
Discussion. Polymerus testaceipes, common in Cuba, is widespread in the Neo-
tropics from Mexico to South America, the West Indies, and Florida in the United
States. We regard the Cuban record of P. basalis (Reuter) reported by Alayo (1974) and
listed by Maldonado (1986) and Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) a misidentifica-
tion of P. testaceipes.
Genus Proba Distant
Proba Distant, 1884: 269. Type species: Proba gracilis Distant, 1884.
Diagnosis. Dorsal surface shiny or polished. Head wider than long, slightly produced in
front of antennae, and distinctly carinate between. Pronotum finely punctate. Hemelytra
shiny, translucent or hyaline, glabrous or nearly so.
This is a relatively large genus with 21 described species (Carvalho and Costa, 1988a;
Schuh, 1995) widely distributed in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Cuba by
one species. We refer the Dagbertus sallei (Stl) listed by Alayo (1974) to Taylorilygus
apicalis (Fieber).
Proba distanti (Atkinson)

(Figs. 69, 253, 254)
Lygus scutellatus Distant, 1884: 274 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied. Lectotype and paralecto-
types designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 806.
Lygus distanti Atkinson, 1890: 91 (n. name).
Proba distanti: Carvalho, 1959: 244 (cat.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 360 (cat.); Schuh,
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 69).General coloration green to greenish brown.
Head yellow; antennal segment I black, more elongate than remaining segments; II ba-
sally and apical 1/3 of segment III and IV black, remainder of segments yellow. Labium
extending to abdominal segments. Pronotum with a distinct dark band extending across
posterior margin of scutellum; scutellum greenish yellow. Hemelytron green; lateral
margins of clavus, two rounded spots in the inner part of corium, and apex of cuneus
dark brown. Femur yellow; tibiae yellow, sometimes brownish at apex. Genitalia (Figs.
253, 254). Total length 3.73-4.35 mm.
Female: Similar to male in external appearance.
Hosts. Accidental on grasses [Poaceae].
Type material examined. Lygus scutellatus Distant, lectotype (left-hand one of
two carded specimens): Guatemala: S. Geronimo, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotypes:
1 (right-hand specimen on same card as lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 5
and 4 , 1 nymph, same data as for lectotype (BMNH, IES).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 7 specimens: Hoyo de Fania, Viales (Pinar
del Rio). Bauta (La Habana) (BMNH, IES).
Discussion. Proba distanti is known from Florida to Colorado and Texas in the
United States, southward to Panama, and the West Indies (Henry and Wheeler, 1988;
Hernndez an Stonedahl, 1997b). It was first reported from Cuba by Hernndez and
Stonedahl (1997b).
Genus Taylorilygus Leston, 1952
Taylorilygus Leston, 1952: 219. Type species: Lygus simonyi Reuter, 1903.
Diagnosis. Similar to Dagbertus and Proba, but differs by uniformly yellowish or yellowish-
green coloration and shagreened surface. Antennal segment I is shorter than the head
width and shorter than the height of eyes in lateral view; segment II is longer than the
length of the head. Pronotum impunctate. Male genitalia (Figs. 255-257) with basal lobe
of the left paramere well developed and the apex not bifurcate.
This is a large, primarily Old World genus, with approximately 35 described spe-
cies (Schuh, 1995) represented in the Western Hemisphere and Cuba by only one nearly
cosmopolitan species.
Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber)

(Figs. 70, 255-257)
Phytocoris pallidulus Blanchard, 1852: 183 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied.

Lygus apicalis Fieber, 1861: 275 (orig. descrip.).
Lygus godmani Distant, 1893: 433 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a: 7;
lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 798.
Taylorilygus pallidulus: Carvalho, 1959: 265 (cat.) Maldonado, 1969: 51 (descrip., distr.);
Maldonado, 1986: 132 (distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 368 (cat.).
Dagbertus sallei: Alayo, 1974: 12 (misident.).
Proba sallei: Maldonado, 1986: 132 (misident.).
Taylorilygus apicalis: Kerzhner, 1993: 99 (taxon. clarification); Schuh, 1995: 959 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 70).The characters given in the generic diagnosis
distinguish this species from other Cuban Mirinae, especially the structure of male geni-
talia (Figs. 255-257). Total length 4.30 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 23 specimens: Nueva Gerona; Canama-Pas; La
Victoria; El Abra (Isla de la Juventud). Camalote (Camagey). Sierra de Mesa; Hoyo de
Fania, Viales; Bahia Honda; Peninsula de Guanahacabibes (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de
las Vegas; El Cano (Ciudad de la Habana). Bauta; Laguna de Ariguanabo; San Jos; Sierra
de Jaruco, Sitio Perdido (La Habana). San Blas, Mar. (Matanzas). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr.
(Santa Clara). Topes de Collantes; Hanabanilla, Escambray (Sancti Spiritus). Pelo Malo
(Villa Clara). Toa (Guantnamo). Banes (Holgin) (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA).
Type material examined. Lygus godmani Distant, lectotype (left one of two carded
specimens): Mexico, Omilteme, Guerrero, 8000 ft, July, H. H. Smith. Paralectotypes:
1 (right-hand specimen on same card of lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 1 ,
same data as for lectotype; 2 , Orizaba, Dec. 1887, H.S. and F. D. G.; 1 , Ataoyac,
Veracruz, April, H. H. S.; 1 and 2, Yucumanatlan, Guerrero, 7000 ft, July, H. H.
Smith; 1 , Teapa, Tabasco, March, H. H. S. (BMNH).
Discussion. This species, first recorded from Cuba by Maldonado (1986), is wide-
spread in the West Indies, and common in Cuba. Records of Proba sallei (Stl) by Alayo
(1974) and Maldonaldo (1986) refer to T. apicalis.
Genus Tropidosteptes Uhler
Tropidosteptes Uhler, 1878: 404. Type species: Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler, 1878.
Diagnosis. Species generally pale green, greenish red, black, or brown. Head vertical,
short, frons punctate and often strongly transversely rugose; carina between eyes distinct.
Pronotum trapeziform, strongly punctate; lateral margins rounded or carinate; collar
prominent; calli smooth, area between calli and collar punctate. Hemelytra glabrous or
pubescent. Ostiolar peritreme large.
This is a large genus with 51 described species widely distributed in North, Central,
and South America, with only one representative, T. oculatus (Reuter), previously known
from Jamaica (Schuh, 1995). Carvalho (1986) provided a key to the Neotropical species;
Knight (1941) keyed the eastern North American species. Only two species are known
to occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Tropidosteptes
1. Scutellum uniformly greenish brown; dorsum nearly glabrous, with only sparse,
short setae; dorsal habitus (Fig. 71) .............................................. cubanus, n. sp.
Scutellum creamy yellow, with lateral margins reddish brown; dorsum with semierect,
silvery setae, intermixed with longer black setae, especially at base of clavus; dorsal
habitus (Fig. 72)........................................................................... tumidus, n. sp.
Tropidosteptes cubanus Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Fig. 71)
Tropidosteptes sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the oval body, general greenish-brown color, the labium
extending to mesocoxa, and the distinctly punctate pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra,
and propleura.
Description. Female (n = 2): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 71). Macropterous; body oval
or suboval; general coloration green to fuscous. Total length 3.90 mm. Head: Length
1.60-1.90 mm; width across eyes 1.05 mm; two times wider than long; frons somewhat
truncate in dorsal view; vertex coarsely punctate, carinate basally, width of vertex 0.60
mm; clypeus dark brown; mandibular and maxillar plates elevated. Labium: Extending
to mesocoxa. Antenna: Segment I yellow, length (n = 1) 0.43 mm; remaining segments
missing. Thorax. Pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and propleura distinctly punctate.
Pronotum: Length 0.75-0.90 mm; width 1.65-1.80 mm; anterior and posterior margins
slightly emarginate; humeral angles rounded and slightly concave near humeral angles.
Scutellum: Shorter than claval commissure, brown, pale brown to apex. Membrane
opaque. Venter: Abdominal segments dark brown, covered with short, erect, pale setae.
Male: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named for Cuba.
Type material. Holotype : [label 1] Pico Turquino [Santiago de Cuba] , Cuba,
Julio 20 de 1922, Col. S. C. Bruner & C. H. Ballou, Alt. 5000 pies; [label 2] E. E. A.
Cuba, Ento. No. 10068; [label 3, red, here added] Holotype : Tropidosteptes cubanus
Hernndez and Henry (IES). Paratype: [head & pronotum missing], same data as for
holotype, in addition to summit written on top (IES).
Discussion. Because of the limited availability of material at this time, we feel that
describing this new species based only on females better serves to improve our under-
standing of the Cuban fauna, rather than waiting until additional material can be studied.
Tropidosteptes tumidus Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Fig. 72)
Diagnosis. Recognized by characters in the preceding generic key, especially the general
greenish-brown coloration with brownish-red embolium and scutellum, and the coarsely
punctate pronotum.
Description. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 72). Macropterous; total length 2.55
mm; body covered with semierect, silvery setae, intermixed with long, erect, black setae,
especially at base of clavus. Head: Length 0.30 mm, width 0.75 mm, width of vertex 0.24
mm; pale brown, two times wider than long; vertex striate and finely punctate; mandibular
plates elevated; eyes red, occupying entire height of head in lateral view. Labium: Brown.
Antenna: Segment I short, thicker than segment II, with brown annuli basally and apically,
remainder of segment yellow, length 0.22 mm; II three times longer than I, dark brown
basally, and black apically, length 0.75 mm; III and IV missing. Thorax. Pronotum: Length
0.67 mm; width 1.80 mm; greenish brown; lateral margins parallel-sided; humeral angles
rounded; posterior margin creamy; calli conspicuously black; collar brown; pronotum
strongly punctate. Scutellum: Weakly elevated mesally; creamy, reddish brown on lateral
margins. Hemelytron: Brownish green; punctate; apex of corium black; embolium and
cuneus reddish; apex of cuneus creamy. Legs: Coxa, trochanter, and femur (except apex
of metafemur) yellow, remainder of legs brown.
Male: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named for the slightly tumid or swollen scutellum.
Type material. Holotype : [label 1] Sierra de Rosario, Pinar de Rio, Cuba, El
Saln, 9-IX-1994, I. Fdez (T. Luz); [label 2, red, here added] Holotype : Tropidosteptes
tumidus Hernndez and Henry (IES).
Discussion. This small, round species, with a slightly swollen scutellum, bears
some resemblance to members of the North American genus Neoborella Knight. Other
characters, however, such as the head shape, strongly punctate pronotum with impunc-
tate, shiny calli, group it more closely with Tropidosteptes. Based on study of the various
species now included in the genus, particularly many of those from the Neotropics, it is
clear that Tropidosteptes is need of revision.
Tribe Restheniini Reuter
Diagnosis. Restheniines are distinguished from other Cuban Mirinae by the strongly
convex, rounded collar on anterior portion of pronotum, clearly visible laterally, and a
greatly reduced metathoracic evaporative area system, with the dorsal margin of evaporative
area situated below ventral margin of mesepimeron (Schwartz, 1987). Members of this
tribe are also aposematically colored red, orange, or yellow and black, and the dorsum
bears apically clavate, apparently glandular dorsal setae.
The Restheniini form a New World group of 17 genera (Schuh, 1995), represented
in Cuba by only one genus.
Genus Prepops Reuter
Resthenia (Prepops) Reuter, 1905: 15. Type species: Resthenia frontalis Reuter, 1905.
Diagnosis. Species generally black, mixed with orange, yellow or red. Male genitalia with
a strongly developed left paramere and the vesica with large, spiny, membranous lobes,
sometimes having strongly sclerotized processes.
This is a large New World genus with approximately 215 described species (Schuh,
1995), most occurring in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Cuba by seven
species.
Discussion. Zayas (1988) reported P. rubrovittatus (Stl) from Cuba, but until his
specimens can be examined, we consider this record a misidentification of another species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Prepops
1. Pronotum mostly red, with or without black markings or spots ......................... 2

Pronotum mostly black, with yellow, orange, red, or pink markings either on the
disc or on lateral margins ....................................................................................6
2. Pronotum with a black spot behind each callus; total length about 7.00 mm ......3
Pronotum without a black spot behind each callus; total length 4.00-6.00 mm...4
3. Genital capsule with an indication of a short left prong and median distal lobe
curved upward; left paramere (Fig. 265) with sensorial lobe strongly expanded and
shaft emarginate on ventral margin; right paramere (Fig. 266) acute apically; vesica
(Fig. 267) with a long, thin, membranous lobe; dorsal habitus (Fig. 76)................
........................................................................... cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner
Genital capsule without an indication of a short left prong and median distal lobe
pronounced but not curved upward; left paramere (Fig. 268) with sensorial lobe
not strongly expanded and shaft not emarginate on ventral margin; right margin
(Fig. 269) slightly blunt apically; vesica (Fig. 270); dorsal habitus (Fig. 77) ...........
.....................................................................................................latipennis (Stl)
4. Pronotum with black stripes from calli to humeral angles running through lateral
margins; left paramere (Fig. 277) with sensorial lobe weakly developed and shaft
triangular; right paramere (Fig. 278), small, strongly pointed apically; vesica (Fig.
279) without sclerotized process; dorsal habitus (Fig. 79) ......santiagoensis, n. sp.
Pronotum completely red; left paramere with sensorial lobe strongly developed;
right paramere not strongly pointed apically; vesica with sclerotized process........5
5. Vesica with margin of sclerotized process straight (Figs. 260, 261); femora fuscous
to black; total length about 6.5 mm; dorsal habitus (Fig. 73) ... atripennis (Reuter)
Vesica with margin of sclerotized process curved and an extra sclerotized process
near gonopore (Fig. 276); femora red; total length 4.30-4.40 mm; dorsal habitus
(Fig. 74) ..............................................................................candelariensis, n. sp.
6. Vertex black; collar and lateral margins of pronotum pinkish yellow; scutellum and
cuneus black; left paramere with a very long sensorial lobe (Fig. 271); vesica (Fig.
273); dorsal habitus (Fig. 78) .............................maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes
Vertex pinkish brown; collar (mesally) and area between calli continuing through
middle to posterior angles of pronotum and scutellum yellowish orange; cuneus
orange; left paramere with a short sensorial lobe (Fig. 262); vesica (Fig. 264); dorsal
habitus (Fig. 75)...........................................................................cruciferus (Berg)
Prepops atripennis (Reuter)

(Figs. 73, 258-261)
Resthenia atripennis Reuter, 1876: 65 (orig. descrip.).

Prepops atripennis: Carvalho, 1959: 332 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Henry and Wheeler,
1988: 376 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 986 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Platytylellus atripennis: Alayo, 1974: 14 (diag.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note).
Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished by characters given in the preceding key to species,

especially the red color of head, pronotum, and scutellum, and the structure of the male
genitalia (Figs. 258-261). Alayo (1974) indicated that tarsal segment I of the hind leg is
two times longer than segment II. Total length 6.50 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 14 specimens: Maisi (Guantnamo). Jagua (Santiago
de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Prepops candelariensis Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 74, 274-276)
Diagnosis. Similar to P. atripennis (Reuter) but differs in the smaller size, red femora,
and the structure of the male genitalia, especially sclerotized process of the vesica with a
curved margin and an additional heavily sclerotized process near the gonopore.
Description. Male (n = 2): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 74). Macropterous; total length 4.40
mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum, femora, and abdomen red ventrally, remainder of body
black. Head: Length 4.30-4.50 mm; width across eyes 0.80 mm; width of vertex 0.60
mm; head brownish red. Antenna: Segment I red, black apically, length 0.50-0.60 mm; II
black, slightly more thickened than remaining segments, length 1.60-1.50 mm; III and IV
thin, black, length of segment III 1.25-1.35 mm, length of segment IV 0.75 mm. Labium:
Extending to first abdominal segment; segment I red, remaining segments black. Thorax:
Pronotum: Length 0.80 mm; posterior width 1.50-1.60 mm; subquadrangular, anterior
margin slightly emarginate; posterior margin concave; humeral angles rounded; collar two
times wider than width of antennal segment I. Scutellum as long as claval commisure,
length 0.60 mm. Hemelytron: Costal margin straight (hemelytra parallel-sided), covered by
short, erect, yellow setae. Legs: Clothed with short, erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 274-276).
Female (n = 1): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 4.40 mm. Head:
Length 0.40 mm; width across eyes 0.85 mm; width of vertex 0.95 mm. Antenna: I,
length 0.55 mm; II, 1.50 mm; III, 1.20 mm; IV, 0.65 mm. Thorax: Pronotum: Length
0.85 mm; posterior width of pronotum 1.85 mm. Scutellum: Length 0.65 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named after the type locality, Candelaria, Cuba.
Type specimens. Holotype : Cuba (specimen of top two specimens mounted on
same pin): [label 1] Presa Gramal, vii.1976, Villa Clara, H. Grillo; [label 2] 6 Dibujo
Ej. 2; [label 3], Platytylellus sp. Det. H. Grillo 197; [label 4, red, here added] Holo-
type : Prepops candelariensis Hernndez and Henry (IES). Paratypes: 1 (same pin as
holotype), same data as for holotype; 1 , Candelaria, Pinar del Rio, viii.13-36, J. (IES).
Prepops cruciferus (Berg)

(Figs. 75, 262-264)
Resthenia crucifera Berg, 1878: 274 (orig. descrip.).

Lopus militaris Uhler, 1894: 190 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho and Fontes,
1971: 120; synonymy confirmed and lectotype designated by Henry, 1990: 15.
Prepops crucifer: Steyskal, 1973: 208 (etymol.).
Prepops cruciferus: Henry, 1990: 15 (revised synonymy, distr.); Schuh, 1995: 989 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration dull black to brownish black; vertex, collar mesally, a
wide line between calli continuing through the middle of pronotum, scutellum, and cuneus
yellowish orange. Segment I of labium yellow; II yellow on inner surface, outer surface and III
brown; IV black. Antennal segments black. Genitalia (Figs. 262-264). Total length 6.15 mm.
Hosts. In Florida, this species has been collected on Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton
[Aquifoliaceae], Ludwigia octovalvis (Jarq.) Raven, and L. peruvianus (L.) H. Hara [Ona-
graceae] (Henry, 1990).
Type specimen examined. Lopus militaris Uhler, lectotype : Grenada, La Force

Est., (Windward side), W. I., H. H. Smith (BMNH).
Other specimen examined. Cuba, 1 : Habana (La Habana) (IES).
Discussion. We have examined a female from Cuba that possesses yellowish-orange
abdominal segments intermixed with black. Prepops cruciferus has been recorded from
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Grenada, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and the United States
(Florida) (Henry, 1990; Schuh, 1995).
Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner

(Figs. 76, 265-267)
Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner, 1974: 625 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 989 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 76). General coloration black with pronotum,
including collar, reddish orange, and head pale orange, with clypeus and two parallel
bars on frons black. Antennae and eyes black. First labial segment pale orange, remaining
segments black. Abdomen reddish orange. Legs black, with basal half of middle femur
and basal two thirds of hind femur pale orange. Genitalia (Figs. 265-267); genital capsule
pale orange with infuscated areas. Total length 7.00 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Havana, Cuba, Baker (USNM).
Prepops latipennis (Stl)

(Figs. 77, 268-270)
Resthenia latipennis Stl, 1862b: 318 (orig. descrip.).

Resthenia pannosa Distant, 1893: 425 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952a:
12; lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 804.
Prepops latipennis: Carvalho, 1959: 338 (cat.); Carvalho and Fontes, 1970: 375 (descrip.);
Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Schuh, 1995: 992 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl,
1997b: 22 (list).
Opistheuria latipennis: Bruner et al., 1945: 152 (host); Alayo, 1974: 13 (diag., host); Bruner
et al., 1975: 286 (host); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note).
Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the characters given in the preceding key to species, especially
by the red color of the head and pronotum, the distinct black spot on the pronotal disc, the
black scutellum, and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 268)
with a long, weakly developed sensorial lobe, the apically blunt right paramere (Fig. 269),
and the vesica (Fig. 270) with three distinct sclerotized processes. Total length 7.00 mm.
Host. Collected on castorbean, Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae] (Bruner et
al., 1945, 1975; Zayas, 1989).
Type material examined. Resthenia pannosa Distant, lectotype : Orizaba, Dec.
1887, H.H. Y F.D.G. (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 39 specimens: G. S. Bolivar, Guane (Pinar del
Rio). San Antonio de los Baos (Habana). Rio Almendares; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciu-
dad de la Habana). Hoyo del Cardero (Matanzas). Camagey. Mapas (Sancti Spiritus).
Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Corralillo (Santiago de Cuba). Baracoa
(Holgin) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes

(Figs. 78, 271-273)
Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes, 1973: 543 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1991: 122
(note); Schuh, 1995: 993 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22 (list).
Prepops circummaculatus: Alayo, 1974: 14 (diag.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Schuh,
1995: 988 (cat.). Misidentification.
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 78). Male: Distinguished by the characters given in the
preceding key to species and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 271-273), especially
long left paramere (Fig. 271) and vesica (Fig. 273) with a distinct sclerotized process.
Base of head, collar, lateral margins of pronotum and between calli, propleura (except
apex), segment I of labium, and first abdominal segments yellowish black; remainder of
the body black. Total length 6.15 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined.We were unable to find the holotype of P. maldonadoi
in the USNM collection, even though Carvalho and Fontes (1973) indicated it was to
be deposited there.
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: Finca La Barca (Habana). Jibero
(Sancti Spiritus). Jibacoa; Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). EPICA Florida
(Camagey) (HG, IES). We also have studied 3 and 3 from Puerto Rico, de-
termined by J. Maldonado as P. maldonadoi (USNM).
Discussion. Alayo (1974) and Maldonado (1986) recorded this species from Cuba
and (Maldonado, 1991) incorrectedly reported it as P. circummaculatus (Stl) from the
Dominican Republic. Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first confirmed report
of P. maldonadoi from Cuba.
Prepops santiagoensis Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 79, 277-279)
Diagnosis. Similar to Prepops atripennis and P. candelariensis, but differs by the red pro-
notum, with two black stripes near lateral margins, and the structure of male genitalia,
especially the triangular shaft of left paramere, the apically acute right paramere, and the
vesica lacking a sclerotized process.
Description. Male (Holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 79). Macropterous; total length
5.70 mm. General coloration black; head, pronotum anteriorly, abdomen, scutellum,
hemelytra, and tibiae red; femur and coxa slightly fuscous. Head: Total length 0.45 mm;
width across eyes 0.85 mm; width of vertex 0.50 mm; head two times wider than long.
Antenna: Missing. Labium: Extending to metacoxa, length 1.75 mm. Thorax. Pronotum:
Mesal length 0.80 mm; posterior width 1.70 mm; subquadrangular, anterior margin
weakly concave, posterior margin emarginate mesally; calli depressed; collar concave me-
sally and expanded near anterior angles; covered by short, erect setae. Scutellum: Length
subequal to length of claval commissure, slightly depressed on the disc. Hemelytron.
Black, covered with short setae; cuneus two times longer than wide, length 0.70 mm.
Legs: Slender, set with short, erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 277-279).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named after the type locality, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba.
Type specimens. Holotype : Cuba, [label 1] Santiago de las Vegas, Habana,
15.viii.1935, A. R. Otero; [label 2] 5, dibujo; [label 3] Prepops sp 2, L. M. Hdez 1994;
[label 4, red label here added] Holotype Prepops santiaguensis Hernndez and Henry (IES).
Discussion. Although this species is described from a single specimen, it is easily
distinguished from other species of Prepops in Cuba by the two lateral black stripes on
the red pronotum and the structure of the male genitalia.
Tribe Stenodemini China
Diagnosis. Elongate species. Head porrect; frons with a distinct median sulcus. Pronotum
and hemelytra parallel-sided; pronotum with lateral margins usually carinate; collar flat-
tened with an obsolete posterior margin. Coxal cleft always bridged by lateral margin of
pronotum. Male genitalia with vesica having a narrow ductus seminis and small secondary
gonopore (Schwartz, 1987, 2008).
This tribe comprises about 35 genera and approximately 210 described species world-
wide (Schwartz, 2008). Schwartz (2008) revised and provided a phylogenetic analysis of
the stenodemine genera of the world. Most, if not all, species specialize on grasses (Schuh
and Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001). Four genera occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Genera of Stenodemini

(Modified from Schwartz, 1987)
1. Posterior margin of eye removed from pronotal collar by a distance equal to or

greater than dorsal width of eye; head with neck; pronotum with two black spots
near humeral angles; hind femur with dark brown spots; dorsal habitus (Fig. 80)..
.............................................................................................. Collaria Provancher
Posterior margin of eye in contact with collar or, at most, removed from collar by
a distance equal to less than dorsal width of eye; head without neck; pronotum
without black spots; hind femur without dark brown spots .................................2
2. Antennal segment I with short, sparse, almost bristlelike pubescence much shorter
than half the width of the segment; total length of species under 4.00 mm; dorsal
habitus (Fig. 83)....................................................................... Trigonotylus Fieber
Antennal segments I and II with longer, more dense setae; total length of species
longer than 4.00 mm ......................................................................................... 3
3. Medium to large species (6.5-10.20 mm); green, stramineous, or sometimes having

reddish appendages; antennal segment I thickly pubescent, with short, suberect,
pale setae subequal to width of segment II; frons and vertex impunctate; head with
a reddish lateral stripe along margin of each eye and extending to the mesopleura;
dorsal habitus (Fig. 81) .......................................................... Dolichomiris Reuter
Small to medium species (3.90-6.70 mm); black or reddish with contrasting paler
embolium; antennal segment I weakly pubescent, with more sparsely scattered se-
tae shorter than diameter of segment II; frons and vertex distinctly punctate; head
without reddish lateral stripes; dorsal habitus (Fig. 82) ..........................................
.................................................................... Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes
Genus Collaria Provancher
Collaria Provancher, 1872: 79. Type species: Collaria meilleurii Provancher, 1872.
Diagnosis. Species elongate, mostly glabrous. Antennae long and slender; length of
segment I similar to width of head across eyes; segment II more than three times longer
than segment I. Vertex sulcate. Eyes located at the middle of head, set apart from the
anterior margin of pronotum by a distance of approximately the diameter of one eye in
dorsal view. Labium extending to metacoxa. Pronotum strongly punctured, slightly nar-
row behind calli; posterior angles rounded. Hemelytra weakly glabrous, finely punctate.
Legs long, covered with variable pubescence (Carvalho and Fontes, 1981).
This is a small genus with 15 described species (Schuh, 1995; Schwartz, 2008).
Carvalho and Fontes (1981) provided a key to the Neotropical species. Only one species
is known from Cuba.
Collaria oleosa (Distant)

(Figs. 80, 280-283)
Trachelomiris oleosus Distant, 1883: 283 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho
Collaria explicata Uhler, 1887: 230 (orig. descrip.); Zayas, 1988: 140 (note, diag.). Synony-
mized by Carvalho, 1955b: 222.
Collaria oleosa: Carvalho, 1959: 285 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 12 (diag., hosts); Maldonado, 1986:
132 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 383 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 40 (note); Schuh,
Collaria sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 68 (host); 1975: 128 (host).
Collaria husseyi: Schuh, 1995: 1006 (Cuba, in error); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 22
(Cuba, in error).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 80). Male: General coloration fusco-testaceous, mottled
with pale and black areas. Head with transverse stripes at level of posterior eye margins; col-
lar fuscous-ochraceous, with two longitudinal fuscous stripes laterally; eyes brown; clypeus
(except base), mandibular and maxillary plates, except central pale spot, black; antennal seg-
ments castaneous, with relatively short, semierect setae subequal to or shorter than diameter
of segments, segment I ochraceus with a subbasal annulus and small spots on outer surface
black; labium extending to metacoxae, segment IV black. Pronotum yellowish brown to
dark brown, with two distinct black spots on humeral angles. Hind tibia with numerous
long, erect setae much longer than diameter of segment. Genitalia (Figs. 280-283): Field
of spines on vesical membrane curled or C-shaped. Total length 5.30-6.10 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Andropogon spp. [Poaceae], Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. [Poa-
ceae], Eriochloa polystachya H.B. & K. [Poaceae], Panicum sp. [Poeaceae], and Oryza sativa
Hochst. & Steud. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo 1974; Bruner et al., 1975). In Brazil,
this species is a potential pest of small grains, such as rice, barley, oats, and forage grasses,
and other grasses, such as Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., B. brizantha Stapf. cv. marandu
[Poaceae], and Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Silva et al., 1994). Schuh (1995) listed Digitaria
decumbens Stent, Panicum muticum Forssk., and Setaria setosa Beauverd [Poaceae] as hosts.
Type material examined. Trachelomiris oleosa Distant, lectotype (middle one of
three carded specimens): Panam, Bubaga, Champion (BMNH). Paralectotypes; 2
(the right and left specimen of the lectotype), same data as for lectotype; 1, 3 ,
same data as for lectotype; 2 , Guatemala, Guatemala City, 5000 ft, Champion, BCA
Hem. I. Collaria oleosa (BMNH). Collaria explicata, syntypes 1 , 2 : Cuba, P. R.

Uhler collection (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 46 specimens: Isla de la Juventud. La Caridad,
Soroa; Pica Pica, Sumidero; Sierra de Rangel; Cayo Caridad; Cayo Garcia; Mogote de
Viales (Pinar del Rio). Artemisa; Alqizar (Habana). Agramonte; Torriente (Matanzas).
Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Hol-
gin). Meseta del Guaso (Guantnamo). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). Turquino
(Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, HG, IES, ZMA).
Discussion. Schuh (1995) erroneously listed C. husseyi as described from Cuba, an
error repeated by Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b). Carvalho (1955b) clearly noted that
Uhlers (1887) description of C. explicata from Cuba was identical to C. oleosa (Distant)
and, thus, considered it a junior synonym. He also clarified that the E. explicata reported
by him (Carvalho, 1945c: 180) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, was based on a misidentifi-
cation and material in that study (five females) actually represented a new species. He,
therefore, provided the new name C. husseyi for this Brazilian species. As a consequence,
we remove C. husseyi from the list of Cuban Miridae.
Genus Dolichomiris Reuter
Dolichomiris Reuter, 1882: 29. Type species: Dolichomiris linearis Reuter, 1882.
Diagnosis. Head horizontal; clypeus large and visible from above; vertex sulcate between
eyes; posterior margin of eyes touching pronotum. Antenna very long; segments I and
II with long, fine, erect setae at least as long as half the width of the segments; segment
II almost two times longer than remaining segments. Pronotum elongate, horizontal,
smooth or finely punctate; lateral margins carinate; calli flat; collar depressed and weakly
marked with black. Scutellum flat, smooth, or finely punctate. Hemelytra weakly rugose.
This is a small genus with 11 described species (Schuh, 1995; Schwartz, 2008). Eyles
and Carvalho (1975) revised the genus and provided a key to species; Schwartz (2008)
redescribed the genus and studied its phylogenetic position. Dolichomiris is represented
in Cuba by one species.
Dolichomiris linearis Reuter

(Figs. 81, 284-286)
Dolichomiris linearis Reuter, 1882: 29 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho,1959: 99 (cat.); Alayo,

1974: 12 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 4340 (host); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (distr.,
host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 383 (cat.); Schuh, 1995:1008 (cat.); Hernndez and
Eioneus bilineatus Distant, 1893: 416 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Reuter, 1909a: 5;
lectotype designated by Carvalho and Dolling, 1976: 794.
Dolichomiris gutticornis Blatchley, 1926: 674 (orig. descript.); Bruner et al., 1945: 183 (host);
Zayas, 1988: 140 (note, diag.). Synonymized by Knight, 1927: 98.
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 81). Male: General coloration pale brown with longitu-
dinal reddish stripes on the head and extending onto the pronotum, two on each side of
eyes and one through middle of scutellum. Head elongate, clypeus distinctly produced
in dorsal view; eyes reddish, touching anterior angles of pronotum. Antennal segment I
distinctly pilose, with brownish-red spots, bases of antennal sockets reddish. Scutellum
large; mesoscutellum exposed, reddish around base of the pale stripes. Propleura with
a red line continuing onto abdomen. Hind femur reddish brown. Genitalia (Figs. 284-
286). Total length 7.00-9.00 mm.
Host. Collected on Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb. [Poaceae] (Alayo,
1974) and Tricholaena rosea Nees [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975).
Type material examined. Eioneus bilineatus Distant, lectotype : Mexico, Teapa,
Tabasco, March, H. H. Smith (BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1 , Honduras, Senahu, Ver
Paz, Champion; 1 , Rudtan I, Guamer (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 33 specimens: Cerro San Pedro; Santa Fe (Isla
de la Juventud). Pinares de Viales; Sierra de Rangel (Pinar del Rio). Bauta; San Cayetano,
Jibacoa (Habana). Santiago de las Vegas; Calabazar; Mariano (Ciudad de la Habana).
Benavides; Pan de Matanzas (Matanzas). Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara)
(BMNH, HG, IES).
Discussion. Dolichomiris linearis is a common grass-feeding species in Cuba.
Genus Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes
Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes, 1969: 332. Type species: Neotropicomiris pilosus Car-
valho and Fontes, 1969.
Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished by the shiny dorsal surface, the long labium
extending to the metacoxae or onto the venter, the slightly projecting posteroventral
portion of the male genital capsule, and a vesica lacking spicules.
This is a small genus with only five species distributed in Central and South America.
Carvalho and Fontes (1969) provided a key to the previously known species; one new
species from Cuba is described below.
Neotropicomiris moaensis Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 82, 287-289)
Neotropicomiris sp.: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Similar to N. pilosus Carvalho and Ferreira and N. longirostris Carvalho and
Ferreira (Carvalho and Fontes, 1969) in lacking apical metafemoral punctures and pos-
sessing a general yellowish coloration with a paler embolium, but can be distinguished by
the two brown bands running from the postocular region and lateral margins of pronotum
to the clavus, and the structure of male genitalia.
Description. Male (holotype): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 82). Macropterous; total
length 3.45 mm; general coloration brownish yellow, with two dark brown bands on
lateral margins of head and pronotum; clavus, tarsi, and labial segment IV brown; body
punctured dorsally. Head: Length 0.45 mm, width across eyes 0.48 mm, width of vertex
0.30 mm; slightly wider than long, vertex sulcate, clypeus distinctly produced, junction
with frons depressed, maxillar and mandibular plates weakly elevated, postocular area
yellowish brown, punctate. Labium: Extending to metacoxa. Antenna: Missing. Thorax:
Pronotum: Length 0.58 mm; humeral width 0.60 mm, pronotum 1.5 times wider than
long, anterior and posterior margins straight, lateral margin parallel-sided, calli depressed,
posterior lobe elevated, humeral angles rounded. Mesoscutum: Exposed, brown. Scutellum:
Punctate, yellow apically. Hemelytron: Emboliar margin parallel-sided, yellow, strongly
punctate; clavus and inner part of corium dark brown; cuneus three times longer than
wide; membrane yellow. Legs: Brownish yellow; femora and tibiae covered by short,
semierect setae. Venter: Meso- and metapleura brownish red; abdominal segments pale
brown. Genitalia (Figs. 287-289).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Etymology. Named after the type locality, Moa, Oriente, Cuba.
Type specimen. Holotype : Cuba, [label 1] Moa, Oriente, 3-16.xi.1945, J.
Acua; [label 2] Stenodemini Stonedahl 1995; [label 3] Neotropicomiris sp. M. D.
Schwartz 1996; [label 4, red label here added] Holotype : Neotropicomiris moaensis
Hernndez and Henry(IES).
Discussion. Although N. moaensis is described from only a single specimen, the
characters given in the preceding description easily distinguish it from other species of
Neotropicomiris, especially the structure of the male genitalia.
Genus Trigonotylus Fieber
Trigonotylus Fieber, 1858: 302. Type species: Miris ruficornis Falln, 1807, a junior synonym
of Cimex ruficornis Geoffroy, 1785.
Diagnosis. Head horizontal, clypeus large and distinct in dorsal view, frons usually
prolonged over base of clypeus, vertex sulcate mesally, eyes touching anterior margins
of pronotum. Antennal segments long, length of segment I less than length of head
and pronotum combined, without black bristlelike setae. Pronotum depressed laterally,
collar depressed and weakly marked, lateral margins carinate. Scutellum flat, smooth.
Hemelytron glabrous, smooth; cuneus distinctly longer than wide.
This large genus with approximately 32 described species (Schuh, 1995) is repre-
sented in Cuba by one species.
Trigonotylus tenuis Reuter

(Figs. 83, 290-294)
Trigonotylus ruficornis tenuis Reuter, 1893: 208 (orig. descrip.).

Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant, 1904d: 425. Synonymized and lectotype designated by Eyles,
1975: 162.
Megaloceroea doddi Distant, 1904c: 269 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1959: 293 (cat.); Henry
and Wheeler, 1988: 390 (cat.). Synonymized by Golub, 1989: 157; lectotype desig-
nated by Eyles, 1975: 162.
Trigonotylus brevipes: Bruner et al., 1945: 64 (host); 1975: 121 (host).
Trigonotylus dohertyi: Carvalho, 1956: 72 (descrip., distr.); Alayo, 1974: 13 (diag., host);
Zayas, 1988: 141.
Trigonotylus doddi: Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note, host).
Trigonotylus tenuis: Golub, 1989: 157 (revision); Wheeler and Henry, 1992: 103 (distr.,
hosts); Schuh, 1995: 1035 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 83). Male: Small; general coloration green, fading to
stramineus. Antenna long, slender; segment II slightly longer than III and about three
times as long as I, suffused with pink. Pronotum and scutellum with a pale median stripe,
bordered by pale brown or red stripes on each side; pronotum with additional fainter brown
or red stripes between the median stripes and lateral margin. Hemelytron with cuneus
three times longer than wide. Genitalia (Figs. 290-294). Total length 4.00-5.00 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. [Poaceae] and Eleusine indica (L.)
Gaertn. [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; Wheeler and Henry, 1992).
Type material examined. Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant, lectotype (without abdo-

men): Burma, Tenass. Vall., Doherty, Distant coll. 1911-383 (BMNH). Megaloceroea doddi
Distant: Lectotype : Australia, Townsville, Queensland, 3.2.03, F. P. Dodd (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 92 specimens: Cayo Piedra (Isla de la Juventud).
Cayo J. Garcia; Sierra Rangel (Pinar del Rio). La Mayarie, June (Holgun). Santiago de las
Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Pennsula Hicacos (Matanzas). Guane, Jul.; Pinar del Rio,
May (Pinar del Rio). P. Tarafa (Camagey). Cayo Coco (Ciego de Avila). Playa Ancn
(S. Spiritus). Loma de la Bandera (Holgin) (IES, ZMA).
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) noted that T. tenuis often co-occurs with D. linearis
on grasses.
Subfamily Orthotylinae Van Duzee
Diagnosis. Orthotylines can be distinguished by the complex male genitalia, the relatively
large genital aperture, and the convergent parempodia between the claws that are similar
to those found in pilophorine Phylinae (Figs. 7, 8).
Schuh (1995) recognized only three tribes in this subfamily and suggested that fur-
ther study is needed to assess the tribal classification. Schuh and Slater (1995), likewise,
recognized only three tribes in this subfamily of about 220 genera. Subsequent studies,
however, have supported at least two additional tribes, including the Austromirini (Cassis,
2008) and Ceratocapsini (e.g., Carvalho et al., 1983; Henry and Wheeler, 1988; Carvalho
and Costa, 1997; Henry, 2000, 2008). Herein, we follow these studies, and recognize
both tribes, of which only the Ceratocapsini occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Tribes of Orthotylinae
1. Small, usually black, compact species, with saltatorial hind femora; gena in lateral
view equal to or greater than height of one eye; third antennal segment more slender
than II; dorsum with patches of white, scalelike setae; male genitalia (Figs. 324-326),
vesica with a primary spiculum bifurcate apically and a secondary spiculum acutely
produced apically ..................................................................... Halticini Kirkaldy
Medium-sized species, usually green or brownish yellow, sometimes tinged with red
on hemelytra, hind femora never saltatorial; gena shorter than height of one eye;
antennal segment III sometimes as thick or thicker than II; dorsal setae variable;
male genitalia variable, vesica without a bifurcate spiculum .................................2
2. Head truncate posteriorly, with a distinct basal carina; species often ant mimetic
but, if not, antennal segments III and IV as thick or thicker than antennal segment
II; male parameres sickle-shaped to complex (e.g., Figs. 295, 299, 303, 304, 306,
308); phallotheca readily visible within genital capsule when viewed caudally .......
......................................................................................Ceratocapsini Van Duzee
Head not truncate posteriorly, without a distinct basal carina; species not ant mi-
metic; antennal segments III and IV more slender than segment II; male parameres
relatively simple (e.g., Figs. 327, 328, 332, 333); phallotheca not visible within
genital capsule ....................................................................OrthotyliniVan Duzee
Tribe Ceratocapsini Van Duzee
Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by their moderate to strongly antlike
appearance, the posteriorly truncate head, the often distally thickened antennal segments,
and the male genitalia, especially by the structure of the parameres and the protruding
phallotheca visible caudally within the genital capsule. The generic limits of the nominate
genus Ceratocapsus and related genera are in need of revision (Henry 1979, 2000, 2008).
The tribe is represented in Cuba by two genera.
Key to Cuban Genera of Ceratocapsini
1. Strongly ant mimetic (Figs. 89, 90), abdomen strongly constricted at base; overall
coloration yellowish brown, with a large yellow spot at the middle of the heme-
lytra ................................................................................................... Sericophanes
Less strongly ant mimetic, abdomen never constricted at base; overall coloration
variable, if yellowish brown, never with a large yellow spot at the middle of the
hemelytra (Figs. 84-88) ......................................................................Ceratocapsus
Genus Ceratocapsus Reuter
Ceratocapsus Reuter 1876: 87. Type species: Ceratocapsus lutescens Reuter, 1876. Designated
by Kirkaldy 1906: 127.
Diagnosis. Species parallel sided to often weakly constricted through middle. Head,
pronotum, and scutellum punctate. Hemelytra weakly constricted laterally, clothed with
simple setae, sometimes intermixed with sericeous or scalelike setae. Male parameres
simple to complex; phallotheca truncate to apically acute, visible within genital capsule
when viewed caudally.
Cuban members of the genus can be divided into two groups. One possesses
an ant-mimetic facies; weakly constricted hemelytra; apically thickened antennal
segments; fields, bands, or patches of white scalelike setae; and complex male geni-
tal structures. The other group is distinguished by the overall more pale brown to
brownish-orange coloration; the distinctly brown-stained punctures on the dorsum;
the slender antennae, the somewhat hyaline, parallel-sided hemelytra; and the genitalia,
with the apex of the phallotheca truncate and the parameres simple and unbranched.
Females of the latter are often brachypterous with coleopteriform hemelytra. Six spe-
cies occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Ceratocapsus
1. Hemelytra opaque brown to dark brown, usually weakly constricted through mid-
dle, females always macropterous; antennal segments thickened, segments II to IV
subequal to diameter of segment I; male genital capusule large, open, with complex
parameres and an apically acute phallotheca ........................................................2
Hemelytra pale brown to brownish orange, with distinct brown-stained punctures,
parallel sided, females often brachypterous; antennal segment slender, segments II
to IV much more slender than segment I; male genital capsule small, parameres
simple, sickle shaped, phallotheca apically truncate .............................................4
2. Pronotum dark brown; left paramere (Figs. 311, 312) bifurcate, right branch with
a prominent subapical tooth; right paramere (Fig. 313) with mesal prong distinctly
curved; dorsal habitus (Fig. 86) ....................... holguinensis Hernndez and Henry
Pronotum brownish yellow, sometimes suffused with fuscous on posterior lobe;
left paramere bifid or elongate, without a tooth near middle; right paramere
variable ......................................................................................................... 3
3. Hemelytra brown, slightly fuscous to apex of costal margin; cuneus fuscous; basal
half and areoles of membrane whitish, apex dark brown or fuscous; left paramere
(Figs. 306, 307) with an apical C-shaped process having a prominent subapical tooth;
right paramere (Figs. 308, 309); dorsal habitus (Fig. 85) ............. cubanus Bergroth
Hemelytra yellowish basally, dark brown to apex; cuneus dark brown; membrane
uniformly translucent gray or brown; left paramere (Figs. 295, 296) distinctly bifid
with main trunk hammer-shaped apically; right paramere (Figs. 298, 299) with two
long, curved prongs; dorsal habitus (Figs. 84) .......... alayoi Hernndez and Henry
4. Vertex and frons densely brown punctured, especially near basal margin of head;
antennal segments uniformly yellow; body suboval; male genitalia (Figs. 321-323);
dorsal habitus (Fig. 88) ......................................stonedahli Hernndez and Henry
Vertex and frons without brown punctures; antennal segments yellowish brown,
sometimes with segments III and IV brown; body elongate or oval; male genitalia
not as above ........................................................................................................5
5. General color dark brown; hemelytra dark brown with cuneus darker and embolium
pale or whitish; left paramere (Fig. 303) curved and weakly blunt apically; right
paramere (Fig. 304) with two projections at each angle, set with three long setae in
dorsal view; vesica (Fig. 305) without sclerotized process; female macropterous ....
..............................................................................................avelinae Maldonado
General color brownish yellow, tinged with pale red; hemelytra yellow with cuneus
often reddish and embolium yellow; left paramere (Fig. 317) slender, pointed api-
cally; right paramere (Fig. 318) with one projection at right angle; vesica (Fig. 319)
with two sclerotized processes; female often brachypterous; male macropterous
(Fig.87) ................................................................................ punctulatus (Reuter)
Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernndez and Henry

(Figs. 84, 295-301)
Ceratocapsus sp. A: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).

Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 207 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Distinguished by the brownish-yellow general coloration; reddish tinge

on the vertex; and structure of male genitalia, especially left paramere (Figs. 295, 296)
with long, curved prongs, the left one truncate apically, and an additional short, serrate
prong arising dorsomesally from main trunk; phallotheca (Fig. 297); right paramere (Figs.
298, 299); vesica (Fig. 300); genital capsule (Fig. 301). Total length 2.85 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Tortugilla, Guantnamo, vii.1975,
L. B. Zayas (IES). Paratype: 1 , same data as for holotype (IES).
Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado

(Figs. 302-305)
Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado, 1986: 129 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 90 (cat.); Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list); Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 208 (descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Similar to C. punctulatus in having an elongate, punctate body, but

distinguished by the darker brown coloration, with the head slightly paler than the pro-
notum, the brownish-yellow antennal segments I and II, with the apices of segments II,
III, and IV darker; the dark brown hemelytra with the cuneus darker and the embolium
pale; and structure of male genitalia, especially the elongate left paramere (Fig. 303), with
sensory lobe expanded basally and small teeth on the ventral margin, and the truncate
right paramere (Fig. 304) having a long projection at each angle. Genital capsule (Fig.
302); vesica (Fig. 305).
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Prov. Matanzas, Varadero, 150 m,
11.iv.1966, lgt. F. Gregor (6c) (MM). Paratypes: 1 , Cuba: (Allotype), same data as for
holotype (MM); 1 (membrane partially damaged by psocids), Prov. Habana, Suraco,
30.iv.1966, 150 m, Jar Prokop (USNM); 1 , Prov. Habana-alamar-Cojmar, 2-10 m,
26-31.vii.1966, Jar Prokop (USNM).
Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth

(Figs. 85, 306-310)
Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 87 (orig. descrip.); Atkinson, 1890: 141 (list); Zayas,
1988: 143 (note). Neotype designated by Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 209. Preoc-
cupied by Trichia punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 82.
Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth, 1910: 68 (n. name); Carvalho, 1958b: 45 (cat.); Maldo-
nado,1986: 129 (note); Schuh, 1995: 91 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23
(list); Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 208 (descrip., type). New name for Ceratocapsus
punctulatus Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 85). Male: Distinguished by the finely punctate pronotum,
brown to fuscous antennal segments II-IV; the distinctly brown-stained, setigerous heme-
lytral punctures; the pale or whitish membrane with apical half darkened; the elongate
left paramere (Figs. 306, 307), with a subapical C-shaped process bearing a prominent
tooth subbasally; and the three-pronged right paramere (Figs. 308, 309) with the left
branch curved inward and without serrations at the apex, the mesal and right prongs
serrate to apex, and main trunk with a prominent subapical tooth. Vesica (Fig. 310).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from Cuba.
Type specimen examined. Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, neotype : Cuba,
Pinares de Viales, ix.1966, P. Alayo, 23 Dibujo, desig. by L. M. Hernndez and T. J.
Henry [label added: right paramere lost, but drawn, L.M.Hdez 1995] (IES).
Discussion. Hernndez and Henry (1999) indicated that all syntypes of the species
were lost and, as a consequence, designated a neotype for C. punctulatus.
Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernndez and Henry

(Figs. 86, 311-316)
Ceratocapsus sp. B: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).

Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernndez and Henry 1999: 209 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 86). Male: Distinguished by the setigerous punctures
on hemelytra, the short antennal segment II that is equal to or shorter than basal width
of pronotum, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the distinctly bifurcate left
paramere (Figs. 311, 312) with the right branch having a prominent subapical tooth,
and the right paramere (Fig. 313) with three apically serrate prongs, the mesal prong
distinctly curved. Genital capsule (Fig. 314); vesica (Fig. 315); phallotheca (Fig. 316).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Mayari, Loma de la Bandera, Holgin,
2.vii.1990, L.F.Armas-V.Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 350 m (IES). Paratypes: 3 , same
data as for holotype (BMNH, IES, USNM); 3 , same locality and collectors as for
holotype, 13.vi.1990, charrascal, 400 m (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Ceratocapsus punctulatus (Reuter)

(Figs. 87, 317-320)
Trichia punctulatus Reuter, 1876: 82 (orig. descrip.).

Tiryus punctulatus: Kirkaldy, 1903: 14 (n. comb.); Van Duzee, 1916: 44 (list); Van Duzee
1917: 38 (cat.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (diag., note).
Ceratocapsus punctulatus: Carvalho, 1958b: 48 (cat.); Blatchley, 1926: 826 (descrip.); Alayo,
1974: 15 (descrip., host); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 397 (cat.); Schuh,1995: 96 (cat.);
Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 210 (descrip.).
Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado, 1969: 129 (orig. descrip.); Hernndez and Stonedahl,
1997b: 23 (list). Synonymized by Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 210.
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 87). Similar to C. avelinae Maldonado, but rec-
ognized by the characters given in the preceding key to species. It is also distinguished
by the parallel-sided body; pale yellow coloration, with brownish areas on scutellum
and apex of corium; yellow antennal segments I and II, with the apices of segments II,
III and IV brown; the often reddish cuneus; pale membranal area posterior to areoles,
with the remainder black; reddish abdominal segments; yellow legs, with the metafemur
sometimes dark brown, suffused with fuscous; and structure of the male genitalia, espe-
cially the elongate left paramere (Fig. 317), with distinct teeth and long setae dorsally,
right paramere (Fig. 318), and vesica (Fig. 320) with two distinct sclerotized processes.
Gential capsule (Fig. 319). Total length 2.29-2.72 mm.
Female: Macropterous form: Similar to male in general aspect and coloration. Bra-
chypterous form: Hemelytra lacking membrane, coleopteriform; head, posterior half of
pronotum, and scutellum pale brown, remainder of body brownish yellow dorsally, and
distinctly reddish ventrally; labial segments I and II, reddish brown, III and IV yellowish
brown, IV dark brown apically; scutellum mesally and hemelytra at base depressed; legs
uniformly yellow, with coxae reddish basally.
Hosts. Collected on Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae] and Bidens pilosa L. [Asteraceae].
Type material examined. Ceratocapsus parallelus, holotype : Cuba, Prov. Habana,
Habana-Alamar-Cojmar, 1-10 m, 25-31.vii.1966, leg. Jar. Prokop (with an extra det.
label: Holotype Henrycapsus [nomen nudumour note] parallelus Maldonado), Holotype
Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado (MM). Paratypes: 1 (allotype), Prov. Pinar del Rio,
Viales, 200m, 26.vii.1966, lgt. F. Gregor (38b) (MM); 1 (membrane partially dam-
aged by psocids), same data as for holotype (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 20 specimens: Sierra de Casas; Nueva Gerona
(Isla de la Juventud). La Caridad, Soroa; Mogote del Fonte, San Andrs; Peninsula de
Guahanacabibes (Pinar del Rio). San Antonio de Baos; Bauta (Provincia de La Habana).
Cinaga de Zapata (Matanzas). Maniacal; Hanabanilla (Villa Clara). Meseta del Guaso
(Guantnamo) (IES, HG, BMNH).
Discussion. This species is also known from Mexico, the southern United States,
and the West Indies (Henry and Wheeler, 1988).
Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernndez and Henry

(Figs. 88, 321-323)
Ceratocapsus sp. C: Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).

Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernndez and Henry, 1999: 212 (orig. descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 88). Similar to C. punctulatus based on the simple
structure of male parameres, but distinguished by the mostly impunctate head, uniformly
yellow antennae, and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 321-323), especially elongate,
apically rounded right paramere and short vesica. Total length 2.55-2.70 mm.
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from Cuba (Hernndez and Henry, 1999).
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, La Tumba, Guanahacabibes, Pinar
del Rio, xi.1967, Gloria (IES). Paratype: 1 , same data as for holotype (BMNH).
Genus Sericophanes Reuter
Sericophanes Reuter, 1876: 79. Type species: Sericophanes ocellatus Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Species pale yellowish brown to brown, with an ant-mimetic facies. Head
longer than wide; clypeus produced. Labium extending to mesosternum. Antennal fossa
located at base of the eye in lateral view; segment I short and enlarged; segment II longer
than remaining segments; segments III and IV subequal. Pronotum slightly elevated poste-
riorly; humeral angles rounded; anterior margins straight. Hemelytra constricted mesally,
sometimes near cuneal fracture, with conspicuous, shiny, silvery setae and yellow spots.
This is a small genus with 23 described species (Schuh, 1995), all distributed pri-
marily in North, Central, and South America. Carvalho (1944) and Carvalho and Costa
(1988b) revised the genus and provided a key to species in the Neotropical Region. One
species occurs in Cuba. Schuh (1974) indicated that males are always macropterous and
females are often brachypterous and much more antlike than males.
Sericophanes parviceps Poppius

(Figs. 89, 90, 336-338)
Sericophanes parviceps Poppius, 1914: 259 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 152 (cat.);
Alayo, 1974: 16 (diag.); Maldonado, 1986: 132 (note); Zayas, 1988: 143 (note);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus of similar-appearing S. heidemanni Poppius (Fig. 89).

Recognized by the characters given in the generic diagnosis, including the constricted
abdomen, the yellow spot at the middle of the hemelytra, and the ant-mimetic appear-
ance. Total length 3.00-3.50 mm. Genitalia (Figs. 336-338).
Female: Unknown. Females of other species, such as the North American S. heide-
manni (Fig. 90), are strongly ant mimetic and often strongly brachypterous, with the
abdomen broadened through the middle and constricted at the base.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. No specimens examined.
Discussion. This species was described from Cayamas (Matanzas), Cuba.
Tribe Halticini Kirkaldy
Diagnosis. Species of the tribe are distinguished by the small size, overall black colora-
tion, the dorsoventrally elongate head, the saltatorial hind legs, the patches of white,
scalelike setae on the hemelytra, and the frequently brachyterous females. The Halticini
are comprised of about 30 primarily Palearctic genera, including the widespread, nearly
cosmopolitan genus Halticus (Schuh, 1995). Only one genus occurs in Cuba.
Genus Halticus Hahn
Halticus Hahn, 1832: 113. Type species: Acanthia pallicornis Fabricius, 1794, a junior syn-
onym of Cicada aptera Linnaeus, 1758.
Diagnosis. Species with slender antennae longer than length of the body. Male slender,
macropterous; female more broadly rounded, often brachyterous. Hind leg saltatorial,
femur distinctly enlarged, tibia long. Male genitalia (Figs. 324-326).
Henry (1983) revised the genus for the Western Hemisphere and provided a key
to the four New World species; subsequently, H. spegazzinii (Berg) from Argentina
was recognized (Carvalho, 1990a, Schuh, 1995). Halticus is a relatively large genus
with 28 species described worldwide (Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one
widespread species.
Halticus bractatus (Say)

(Figs. 91, 92, 324-326)
Capsus (Cylapus) bractatus Say, 1832: 26 (orig. descrip.).

Rhinocloa [sic] citri Ashmead, 1887: 155 (orig. descrip.); Beyer, 1921: 1; Zayas, 1988: 141
(note). Synonymized by Reuter, 1909b: 71.
Halticus minutus Uhler, 1890: 212 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied.
Halticus bracteatus [sic]: Atkinson, 1890: 170 (list); Bruner et al., 1945: 103, 107 (hosts);
1975: 193, 263 (hosts).
Halticus uhleri Giard, 1892: 81. New name for H. minutus Uhler. Synonymized by Parshley,
1915: 23.
Halticus bractatus: Carvalho, 1958b: 14 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 15 (diag., hosts); Henry, 1983:
610 (descrip., key); Maldonado, 1986: 128 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 401
(cat.); Zayas, 1988: 141 (note); Schuh, 1995: 55 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl,
1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 91). Macropterous. Head, pronotum, scutellum,
hemelytra, and apex of metafemur black; antennal segment I, apex of cuneus, and pro-,
meso- and remainder of metafemur yellow. Head wider than long; eye located near anterior
angle of pronotum. Antennal segment I short; segment II twice as long as segment III.
Labium extending to metacoxa. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly concave toward
anterior margins. Hemelytra parallel-sided, set with tufts of golden or silvery, silky pu-
bescence. Genitalia (Figs. 324-326). Total length 1.80-2.01 mm.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 91). Macropterous form: Similar to male in general
appearance. Brachypterous forms coleopteriform; general color similar to male, except
metafemur black with only apex yellow; antennal segment II fuscous apically.
Hosts. Collected on Helianthus sp. [Asteraceae]; Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae];
and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975).
Specimens examined. Cuba, 25 specimens: Sierra de Mesa; Pennsula de Guahana-
cabibes; Mogote de San Andrs; Soroa (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas; Finca La
Chata, Boyeros; Marianao (Ciudad de la Habana). Topes de Collantes (Sancti Spiritus).
Hanabanilla, Escambray (Villa Clara). Universidad Central de Santa Clara (Las Villas).
La Matazn (Guantnamo) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Discussion. Halticus bractatus is an important general pest that prefers plants in
the family Fabaceae, such as alfalfa, beans, and clovers, but also attacks numerous other
crops, including corn, cotton, eggplant, oats, potato, tobacco, and wheat (Beyer, 1921;
Henry, 1983). Wheeler (2001) summarized the hosts, biology, and economic importance
of this widespread species.
Tribe Orthotylini Van Duzee
Diagnosis. Cuban Orthotylini can be recognized by the characters given in the preceding
key to tribes. On a world level, however, a clearcut definition remains elusive, indicat-
ing that this group undoubtedly is not monophyletic. In some genera, females are often
brachypterous. Six genera and seven species of Orthotylini are known to occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Genera of Orthotylini

(Modified from Maldonado, 1969)
1. Pronotum and hemelytra strongly punctate (Figs. 94, 95) ........... Falconia Distant
Pronotum and hemelytra impunctate or, at most, finely punctate ...................... 2
2. Antennal segments I and II of male armed with spines (Fig. 330) or segment II
emarginated basally with an downturned, flaplike process (Fig. 331); vertex depressed
at middle; dorsal habitus (Figs. 95, 96) .................................. Hyalochloria Reuter
Antennal segments I and II of male unarmed and segment II not emarginate basally;
vertex not depressed ............................................................................................3
3. Head, pronotum, and hemelytra uniformly pale green, without red spots or extensive
dark areas ............................................................................................................4
Head, central area of pronotum, and median area of hemelytra dark brown or
dorsum pale, sprinkled with small spots ..............................................................5
4. Pale green species, with a large black spot on scutellum, sometime narrowly darkened
on inner margin of corium; dorsum with only simple, pale setae; left paramere (Fig.
332) bifurcate; dorsal habitus (Fig. 97)........................................Itacoris Carvalho
Uniformly pale green species, without black spots; dorsum with numerous scattered
black scalelike setae; left paramere simple, not bifurcate; dorsal habitus (Fig. 100)
.......................................................................................... Proboscidotylus Henry
5. General coloration pale yellow, with head, central area of pronotum, and apex of
corium dark brown to black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 98) ................... Jobertus Distant
General coloration pale or creamy, with dorsum and appendages sprinkled with
small castaneous to red spots; dorsal habitus (Fig. 99) .............. Parthenicus Reuter
Genus Falconia Distant
Falconia Distant, 1884: 298. Type species: Falconia caduca Distant, 1884.
Diagnosis. Head vertical, wider than long; eyes touching anterior angles of pronotum.
Length of antennal segments I and II subequal, II thicker than remaining segments.
Pronotum distinctly narrowed mesally, strongly punctate, ecarinate; calli large; collar
depressed. Hemelytron with emboliar margins parallel sided, strongly punctate; cuneal
fracture variable, horizontal to oblique.
This medium-sized genus, with 24 described species (Schuh, 1995), is widely dis-
tributed in Central and South America. Carvalho (1987b) revised and provided a key to
the South American species. The Mexican species Falconia intermedia (Distant) has been
used for biological control of Lantana camara L. [Verbenaceae] in Australia (Palmer and
Pullen, 1998). The genus is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Falconia
1. Dorsum uniformly yellowish brown, with only scutellum and a small cloud at inner
angle of corium darker brown; dorsal habitus (Fig. 93) .........jamaicensis Carvalho
Dorsum variable; head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and frequently lat-
eral margin of corium (embolium) black, remaining areas yellowish brown; dorsal
habitus (Fig. 94) ....................................................................... semirasa (Distant)
Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho

(Figs. 93, 327-329)
Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho, 1990b: 198 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 107 (cat.); Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 93). Male: General coloration pale yellow. Head casta-
neous, smooth; eyes large, black, nearly touching anterior angles of pronotum. Labium
extending to middle of mesosternum. Antennal segments I and II pale yellow; III and
IV fuscous (in some specimens apex of segments II and III reddish brown). Pronotum
narrow anteriorly, punctate; lateral margins concave near humeral angles; humeral angles
rounded. Scutellum dark brown, anterior angles pale. Metathoracic evaporative area
black. Genital capsule with a distinct brown spot on each side. Total length 2.85-3.30
mm. Genitalia (Figs. 327-329).
Host. Collected on Spondias mombin L. [Anacardiaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 13 specimens: Rio Los Palacios (Pinar del Rio). San-
tiago de las Vegas, EEA (Ciudad de la Habana) (BMNH, IES).
Discussion. Our material compares closely with Carvalhos (1990b) description
of F. jamaicensis, but is slightly smaller (2.85-3.30 mm vs. 4.00 mm for F. jamaicensis)
and is more extensively marked with brown on the corium and hemelytral membrane.
Study of additional material and comparison with the Carvalho types likely will show
that our Cuban material represents a new species. Falconia jamaicensis, previously
known only from Jamaica (Carvalho, 1990b), was reported from Cuba by Hernndez
and Stonedahl (1997b).
Falconia semirasa (Distant)

(Fig. 94)
Jornandes semirasus Distant, 1893: 449 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho
Falconia semirasa: Carvalho, 1958b: 61 (n. comb.); Schuh 1995: 108 (cat.).
Adfalconia bicolor Maldonado, 1986: 128 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 79 (cat.); Hernndez
and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). NEW SYNONYMY.
Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the bicolored hemelytra, uniformly clear membrane, and
brown general coloration with blackish areas on dorsum. Head pale orange. Antennae
stramineus. Anterior lobe of pronotum black; posterior lobe brown. Scutellum black.
Hemelytron with clavus unicolorous with posterior lobe of pronotum; outer apical half
of corium with a small, variable, blackish area contiguous to embolium and extending to
inner two thirds of corium; embolium brown; cuneus stramineus; membrane translucent,
pale stramineus, with veins pale brown. Legs stramineus. Total length 2.00 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Lectotype : S. Geronimo, Guatemala, Champion
(BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1 (holotype) , 3 , same data as for lectotype (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. No Cuban material examined.
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) described Adfalconia bicolor from Cuba based on
one female from La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba). We have compared his description
and illustrations of the adult female and male genitalia with type material in the BMNH
and conclude that A. bicolor is a junior synonym of F. semirasa (Distant).
Genus Hyalochloria Reuter
Hyalochloria Reuter, 1907: 18. Type species: Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter, 1907.
Diagnosis. Delicate, hyaline species. Head of male truncate on front, not protruding
beyond eyes; posterior margin of head narrower than apex of pronotum; vertex broadly,
strongly concave, and carinate along posterior margin. Antennae with simple, pilose,
stout or hooked setae, armed with spines or variously shaped protuberances (in males).
Pronotum trapeziform, apex half width of base; calli distinct and often separated from
disc by a shallow impressed line, basal margin sinuate. Hemelytron hyaline to translucent,
slightly arcuate, costal vein forming wide embolium (Henry, 1978).
Henry (1978, 2001) revised the genus and provided a key to the 20 known species.
Two species are known to occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Hyalochloria
1. Antennal segment I in males with a dorsal spine and a distinct lateral tubercle, seg-
ment II with a distinct spine on basal third (Fig. 330) ....................caviceps Reuter
Antennal segment I in males barrel-shaped, lacking a dorsal spine or lateral tubercle,
segment II depressed at base with a downturned, flaplike process (Fig. 331)..........
..................................................................................................... unicolor Reuter
Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter

(Figs. 95, 330)
Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter, 1907: 20 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 199 (descrip.);
Henry, 2001: 249 (descrip., distr.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list). Lec-
totype designated by Carvalho 1990b: 199.
Hyalochloria unicolor: Carvalho, 1958b: 76 (cat., in part); Henry, 1978: 86 (descrip., distr.);
Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note). Misidentification.
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 95). General color testaceous. Clothed with sim-
ple pale setae. Head testaceous with single dorsal row of long setae at base over anterior
three-fourths of eye and a few long setae at lateral margin of vertex. Antennal segment
I narrow at base, gradually enlarged to middle, with the apical spine curving inward
and a stout, lateral tubercle (Fig. 330); segment II with a distinct spine on basal third.
Pronotum testaceous; calli separated from disc of pronotum by a broad impressed line
not quite reaching lateral margins; basal margin sinuate. Hemelytra hyaline; veins and
margin testaceous. Hind tibia with four erect, basal spines. Total length 2.68 mm.
Female: Similar to male in general appearance, but without modified antennal seg-
ments I and II.
Host. None recorded from Cuba. Henry (2001) listed Lantana camara (L.) [Ver-
benaceae] as a host.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 1 : Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba) (IES).
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded H. caviceps (as H. unicolor ) from Cuba
without giving an exact locality. We have examined one female, which agrees with the
combination of characters given by Henry (2001) for H. caviceps.
Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter

(Figs. 96, 331)
Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter 1907: 20 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 200 (descrip., distr.)
Henry, 2001: 249 (descrip., distr., hosts); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Lectotype designated by Carvalho, 1990b: 200.
Hyalochloria caviceps: Carvalho, 1958b: 76 (cat., in part); Henry, 1978: 73 (descrip., distr.,
hosts); Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note, distr.); Schuh, 1995:132 (cat., in part);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 96). General coloration pale green, clothed with
simple, pale colored pubescence. Head with eyes sparsely clothed with short bristlelike
setae. Antennal segment I (Fig. 331) barrel-shaped, tapering toward apex, lacking a lat-
eral tubercle; base of segment II emarginate or depressed, with a flaplike lobe, lacking a
distinct spine on basal third; III fuscous. Pronotum shiny and tinged with green; basal
margin sinuate. Hemelytra hyaline, dashed with green, especially along veins and costal
margins. Total length 2.76 mm.
Female: Similar in structure and coloration to male.
Hosts. Henry (1978, 2001) reported H. unicolor (as H. caviceps) from Batis maritima
L. [Bataceae], Bauhinia divaricata L. [Fabaceae], Cordia glabra Cham. [Boraginaceae],
Lantana camara L. [Verbenaceae], and Solanum erianthum D. Don [Solanaceae], and
suggested that this predator tracks prey over a broad array of plants.
Discussion. Henry (1978) recorded this species (as H. caviceps) from the Domini-
can Republic, Jamaica, and the United States (Florida). Carvalho (1990b) and Henry
(2001) showed that most earlier workers, including Henry (1978), confused H. unicolor
with H. caviceps. We include this species in the list because of past confusion between
these species and because it is likely that H. unicolor eventually will be found in Cuba.
Genus Itacoris Carvalho
Itacoris Carvalho, 1947: 103. Type species: Itacoris nigrioculis Carvalho, 1947.
Diagnosis. Species with antennal segments I and II slender, segment I distinctly longer
than width of vertex. Labium reaching middle of abdomen. Pronotum without a distinct
lateral suture; posterior margin straight and not strongly constricted anteriorly. Hemelytron
with or without spots at apex of corium and membrane; cuneus three times as long as wide.
Itacoris is similar to Jobertus in external appearance, but it is distinguished by the
overall green coloration, the one to three black spots on dorsum, and the structure of the
male genitalia (Figs. 332, 333). This is a small Neotropical genus with only four described
species, all distributed in South America, except for one West Indian species (Schuh,
1995). One species has been reported from Cuba (Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b).
Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado

(Figs. 97, 332, 333)
Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado, 1969: 61 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 126 (cat.); Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 97). Male: Head, dorsally and ventrally greenish yellow;
eyes reddish brown. Antenna same color as head; segment I green on basal half, black on
apical half; remaining segments brown. Pronotum uniformly green. Scutellum with a
diamond-shaped black spot extending to mesoscutum. Hemelytron uniformly green to
greenish yellow, with narrow inner margin of corium forming a small, dark brown spot;
ridge of anal vein brown; membrane smoky with small black areas near apex of large
areole. Genitalia (Figs. 332, 333). Total length 2.85-3.00 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Piper sp. [Piperaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 2 : Cacarajicara (Pinar del Rio). San Francisco de
Paula (Ciudad de la Habana) (IES).
Discussion. We have examined two females that agree with the combinations of
characters given by Maldonado (1969). Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first
report for Cuba.
Genus Jobertus Distant
Jobertus Distant, 1893: 421. Types species: Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, 1893.
Diagnosis. Small, and mostly pale colored species. Vertex convex with a small but well- de-
fined carina. Eye bluntly marginate. Antennal segment I cylindrical, thicker than remaining
segments, as long or longer than width of vertex, slightly longer than head length. Pronotum
trapeziform, usually not constricted and not projecting over scutellum. Scutellum smooth,
slightly swollen. Forewing translucent, with cuneus two to three times longer than wide.
Jobertus is a small Neotropical genus with seven described species (Schuh, 1995);
Maldonado (1980) provided a key to the species. It is represented in Cuba by one species.
Jobertus chryselectrus Distant

(Fig. 98, 334, 335)
Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, 1893: 241 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 137 (host);
Carvalho, 1958b: 79 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 16 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 262
(host); Maldonado 1980: 307 (distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1982: 235 (descrip., hosts);
Maldonado, 1986: 130 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 415 (cat.); Zayas, 1988:
141 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 127 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: General color pale yellowish, with outer surface of antennal segment I at
base, head, pronotum (except lateral margin), mesoscutum, scutellum, and U-shaped inner
area of corium black. Eyes reddish; frons yellow apically; vertex with two yellow spots touch-
ing inner margin of each eye, and reaching base of antennal sockets. Pronotum trapeziform;
lateral margins curved; anterior and posterior margins straight; calli depressed. Mesoscutum
exposed; scutellum wider anteriorly, shorter than claval commisure. Hemelytron with costal
margin slightly curved; membrane smoky. Genitalia (Figs. 334, 335). Total length 2.55 mm.
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 98). Similar to male in appearance.

Hosts. Maldonado (1969) reported this species from Clerodendrum philippinum
Schauer [Lamiaceae], Cordia nitida Vahl, Cordia sp. [Boraginaceae], Solanum melongena
L. [Solanaceae] (egg plant), and Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir [Cucurbitaceae]
(squash), and mixed grasses; Bruner et al. (1945), Alayo (1974), and Bruner et al. (1975)
listed it from Phaseolus vulgaris L., P. lunatus L. [Fabaceae]; and Henry and Wheeler (1982)
recorded Ipomoea alba L., heavily infested with leafhoppers, and Solanum erianthus D.
Don, and noted that the collection of this species on plants of diverse families and its
abundance on leafhopper-infested foliage suggest that this mirid is at least partially pre-
dacious. Other hosts from the IES card file are Solanun verbascifolium L. [Solanaceae]
and Cecropia peltata L. [Cecropiaceae].
Type material examined. Jobertus chryselectrus Distant, holotype : Mexico, Atoyac,
Vera Cruz, April, H. H. Smith (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 7 specimens: Mogote de los Portales; Hoyo
de Fania (Pinar del Rio). El Cano; Laguito (Ciudad de la Habana). Los Homitongos
(Guantnamo). San Blas, Mar. (Matznzas) (BMNH, IES, ZMA).
Genus Parthenicus Reuter
Parthenicus Reuter, 1876: 84. Type species: Parthenicus psalliodes Reuter, 1876.
Capellanus Distant, 1904a: 109. Type species: Lygus sparsus Distant, 1893. Synonymized
by Carvalho 1976a: 56.
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the relatively small size and elongate body. Head without
distinct carina at base of vertex; eyes large, strongly granulate in males. Labium extending
to metacoxa or beyond. Hemelytra subparallel-sided; set with silvery to golden, simple,
sericeous setae, often intermixed with black scalelike setae, especially on apical margin
of corium and cuneus. Vesica with two spiculi; parameres simple (Henry, 1982, 2008).
This is a large genus with approximately 78 described species (Schuh, 1995; Henry
2007). One species occurs in Cuba.
Parthenicus sparsus (Distant)

(Fig. 99)
Lygus sparsus Distant, 1893: 434 (orig. descrip.). Lectotype designated by Carvalho and
Dolling, 1976: 807.
Capellanus sparsus: Carvalho, 1958a: 29 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note).
Parthenicus sparsus: Carvalho, 1976a: 59 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1995: 181 (cat.); Hernndez
Diagnosis. Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 99). General coloration creamy white. Antennae,
legs, and body abundantly speckled with pale castaneus. Head longer than wide; eyes
fuscous; clypeus slightly produced. Antennal segment I thicker and shorter than remain-
ing segments; segment II longest, length equal to combined lengths of segments III and
IV; IV, fusiform. Pronotum declivous; posterior and anterior margins straight. Width
of embolium less than width of antennal segment I, speckled with red; membrane pale
greyish white; cuneus suffused with pale castaneus. Total length 3.00 mm.
Male: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Lectotype : Guatemala, San Geronimo, Champion
(BMNH). Paralectotype: 1 , San Jaoquin, Vera Paz, Champion (BMNH).
Other material examined. No Cuban material examined.
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) recorded P. sparsus (as Capellanus sparsus) in the sub-
family Phylinae, without an exact locality. We have been unable to find the Cuban speci-
mens identified by Maldonado (1986) that served as the basis for his new record. We have,
however, found 14 specimens from Aruba, The Netherlands Antilles, and one from Araya,
Sucre, Venezuela, in the USNM collection labeled by Maldonado as Parthenicus sparsus. All of
this material actually represents the phyline Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter), suggesting that
Maldonados record of P. sparsus from Cuba also is in error. In the absence of Cuban material,
we provide a dorsal habitus (Fig. 99) of the female lectotype of P. sparsus from Guatemala
to help in the recognition of this species in the case that this species does occur in Cuba.
Genus Proboscidotylus Henry
Proboscidotylus Henry, 1995: 340. Type species: Proboscidotylus carvalhoi Henry, 1995.
Diagnosis.Uniformly pale green to greenish yellow; frons strongly swollen, especially

in females; clypeus (tylus) prominent, sometimes forming an elongate, apically setose
tubercle in males (P. carvalhoi Henry); antennal segment I relatively stout; scalelike setae
on pronotum and hemelytra black; and ventral surface of male genital capsule with a
cluster of apically swollen or clavate, bristlelike, and possibly glandular setae.
Two species of this genus are known (Henry, 2003). Only one species occurs in Cuba.
Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis (Maldonado)
Parthenicus nigrosquamis Maldonado1969: 66 (orig. descrip.); Schuh 1995: 179 (cat.).

Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis: Henry, 2003: 62 (n. comb., descrip.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 100). Overall small, oval, uniformly green to green-
ish yellow. Dorsum with scattered erect, simple setae, intermixed with black, scalelike
setae on pronotum and hemelytra. Head with frons swollen, especially in females. Left
paramere weakly C-shaped; right paramere elongate oval; vesical spiculum distally oval,
with tiny tubercles; genital capsule extended ventrally with a field of clavate, probably
glandular, stout or bristlelike setae. Length 2.35-2.55 mm.
Female: Similar to male in color and pubescence. Length 2.40-2.65 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara) (ZMA).
Discussion. This species was described from Puerto Rico and later reported from
Florida (Henry, 2003) and Guyana (Costa et al., 2008). Cuba is a new country record
for P. nigrosquamis.
Subfamily Phylinae Douglas and Scott
Diagnosis. Distinguished as noted in the preceding key to subfamilies by the structure

of the pretarsi (Fig. 8) and male genitalia. Schuh (1974) recognized this subfamily by
the following combinations of characters: male always macropterous and female some-
times brachypterous; pronotum sometimes with flattened collar; and parempodia either
fleshy, convergent apically, recurved and flattened laterally or fleshy, rodlike and weakly
convergent apically, and sometimes hairlike and parallel; and a straplike male vesica.
The subfamily Phylinae, comprised five tribes and approximately 300 genera (Schuh
1995), is represented in Cuba by four tribes, 10 genera, and 18 species.
Key to Cuban Tribes of Phylinae
1. Pronotum strongly convex, scutellum tuberculate; hemelytra with distinct white

maculae; dorsal habitus (Fig. 101) .................................... Hallodapini Van Duzee
Pronotum not convex, scutellum not tuberculate; hemelytra without distinct white
maculae.. .........................................................................................................2
2. Vesica U- or S-shaped (Fig. 343); head usually strongly concave behind eyes, usually
with two yellow spots on vertex; vertex and anterior lobe of pronotum sometimes
yellow, remainder of head and pronotum black (Figs. 102, 103); male genitalia
(Figs. 341-343) .............................................................Leucophoropterini Schuh
Vesica not U- or S-shaped, sometimes C- shaped; head usually not concave behind
eyes, without yellow spots on vertex; vertex and pronotum black, yellowish, or
brown; male genitalia different from above..........................................................3
3. Parempodia fleshy, convergent; vesica elongate, usually with a lateral spine bearing
teeth apically (Fig. 373); dorsum with distinct, silky, transverse bands of scalelike
setae; species oblong-oval (Figs. 115-118), sometimes ant mimetic (Fig. 114) .......
............................................................................. Pilophorini Douglas and Scott
Parempodia hairlike, straight; vesica twisted, never with a lateral spine bearing teeth
apically (e.g., Figs. 353, 366, 373); dorsum without bands of scalelike setae dorsally;
species not ant mimetic (Figs. 104-113) ....................... Phylini Douglas and Scott
Tribe Hallodapini Van Duzee
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the ant-mimetic appearance, strongly convex pronotum, tu-

berculate scutellum, and white hemelytral maculae. This is a small myrmecomorphic tribe
of strongly sexually dimorphic taxa, containing approximately 50 genera and 289 described
species (Schuh, 1995; Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by one genus.
Genus Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter
Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter, 1876: 81. Type species: Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Species with a convex pronotum, a conically produced or tuberculate scutellum,

and hemelytron with a transverse white fascia across middle of clavus and base of corium.
Cyrtopeltocoris is a small genus with 11 described species, distributed primarily in
the southwestern United States. It is represented in Cuba by one endemic species.
Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius

(Fig. 101)
Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius, 1914: 257 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958b: 136 (cat.);
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus [of C. albofaciatus Knight] (Fig. 101). Distinguished
by the characters given in the preceding key to genera, especially the convex pronotum,
tuberculate scutellum, overall myrmecomorphic appearance, and white hemelytral facies.

Total length 4.00 mm (Poppius, 1914).
Female: Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Discussion. This species, described from Cayamas (Villa Clara), was overlooked
by Alayo (1974). Because no specimens of C. cubanus are available, we provide an image
(Fig. 101) of the similar-appearing North American species, C. albofasciatus Reuter, for
comparative purposes.
Tribe Leucophoropterini Schuh
Diagnosis. Dark colored, somewhat ant-mimetic species. Head usually concave behind;
eyes contiguous with anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum usually with finely carinate
upturned anterior margin or with a more or less well-developed flattened collar. Scutel-
lum always flat. Parempodia hairlike.
The tribe Leucophoropterini is comprised of 21 genera, including the widely dis-
tributed genus Tytthus Fieber.
Genus Tytthus Fieber
Tytthus Fieber, 1864: 82. Type species: Capsus geminus Flor, 1860. Preoccupied by Capsus
geminus Say, 1832. Next available name Cyrtorhinus pubescens Knight, 1931.
Diagnosis. Usually black species, with pale green or greenish-yellow areas and simple,
erect pubescence. Body elongated. Head short, rounded anteriorly, often with two yel-
low spots on vertex; labium extending to middle or hind coxae. Pronotum smooth,
bell-shaped; calli weakly developed.
This is a small genus with 19 described species (Schuh, 1995), all of which are spe-
cialized delphacid egg predators (Wheeler, 2001). It is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Tytthus
1. Antennal segment I pale or white, with a broad black band through middle; pro-
notum uniformly black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 102) .............neotropicalis (Carvalho)
Antennal segment I black, with only apex narrowly pale; pronotum bicolored with
anterior lobe pale, posterior lobe black; dorsal habitus (Fig. 103) ..........................
................................................................................................. parviceps (Reuter)
Tytthus neotropicalis (Carvalho)

(Figs. 102, 339, 340)
Cyrtorhinus costae: Carvalho, 1945a: 316 (misidentification, descrip.).

Cyrtorhinus neotropicalis Carvalho, 1954: 425 (orig. descrip.).
Tytthus neotropicalis: Carvalho and Southwood, 1955: 25 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a:
158 (cat.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Schuh, 1995: 249 (cat.); Hernndez and
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 102). Head, pronotum, mesopleura, mesoscutum,
and scutellum black. Antennal segment I white, with a broad, black ring at middle; seg-
ments II, III, and IV reddish black or brown. Eyes reddish black. Labium brown. Heme-
lytra grey. Metapleura reddish brown. Coxae straw colored, brown at base; trochanters,
base of femora, and tibiae straw colored. Genitalia (Figs. 339, 340). Total length 2.58 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 2 specimens: Sierra de Casas (Isla de la Juventud).
Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (IES).
Discussion. Maldonado (1986) gave the first record of T. neotropicalis from Cuba, a
species also known from Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Surinam (Schuh, 1995).
Tytthus parviceps (Reuter)

(Figs. 103, 341-343)
Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter, 1890: 258 (orig. descrip.).

Cylloceps pellicia Uhler, 1893: 712 (orig. descrip.) Synonymized by China, 1924: 444.
Crytorhinus sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 194 (host).
Tytthus parviceps: Carvalho and Southwood 1955: 21 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a: 158
(cat.); Alayo, 1974: 24 (diag., host); Bruner et al. 1975: 238 (host); Maldonado,
1986: 134 (distr.); Zayas, 1988: 145 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 249 (cat.); Hernndez and
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 103). Male: Distinguished from T. neotropicalis by the
pale yellow area near the inner margins of the eyes; the black antennal segment I, with
only the extreme apex pale; the anteriorly pale brown and posteriorly black pronotum;
the yellowish calli; the yellowish or greyish hemelytra, tinged with brown on claval-
commisural area; and the structure of male genitalia (Figs. 341-343), especially the left
paramere with a more developed sensorial lobe, and an elongate, apically rounded right
paramere. Total length 2.47 mm.

Host. Collected on Oryza sativa [Poaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner
et al., 1975) and Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae]. It also has been reported preying on eggs of
Sogatodes orizicola (Muir) (Delphacidae) in rice plantations (IES) and the sugercane
delphacid, Perkinsiella saccaricida Kirkaldy (Wheeler, 2001).
Type material examined. Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter, holotype : Egypt, Le Caire,
v.88, Schweimfih, 2, Montandon, coll. 1901-233 (BMNH). Cylloceps pellicia Uhler,
holotype : St. Vincent, W. I., May, H. H. Smith, 95-206 (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 22 specimens: El Abra, Sierra de Casas (Isla
de la Juventud). Peninsula de Hicacos (Pinar del Rio). La Boca (Matanzas). Maniacal,
Escambray; Jibaro (Sancti Spiritus). Jibacoa (Villa Clara) (BMNH, HG, IES).
Tribe Phylini Douglas and Scott
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the preceding key to tribes and by the following combina-
tion of characters (Schuh, 1974, 1984): dorsum usually punctate; parempodia usually
hairlike, parallel, occasionally fleshy and weakly convergent; pulvilli free or enlarged, or
fused to ventral surface of claws; vesica twisted with a well-developed, subapical gonopore;
and wedge-shaped left paramere.
This is the largest tribe in the Phylinae with 230 genera, most diverse in the Northern
Hemisphere (Schuh, 1995; Schuh and Slater, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by nine
genera and 15 species.
Key to Cuban Genera of Phylini
1. Dorsum with numerous brown spots; hemelytron with setigerous, black spots on
cuneus and paracuneus; dorsal habitus (Figs. 105, 106) .....Pseudatomoscelis Poppius
Dorsum without brown spots; cuneus and paracuneus without setigerous black
spots....................................................................................................................2
2. Hemelytron with a distinct red spot on middle of corium; scutellum red; pos-
terior margin of pronotum strongly concave near anterior angles of mesoscu-
tum; left paramere (Fig. 344) elongate, with a distinct apical membrane; right
paramere (Fig. 345) strongly expanded apically; dorsal habitus (Fig. 104) ........
............................................................................................Platyscytus Reuter
Hemelytron without a red spot on middle of corium; scutellum black, brown, or
yellowish green; posterior margins of pronotum either straight or weakly concave
near anterior angles of mesoscutum; left paramere elongate or curved, but without
an apical membrane; right paramere not strongly expanded apically ...................3
3. Hind femur enlarged, with dark brown or black spots; tibial spines with black spots
at bases; body with adpressed, scalelike setae; vesica (Figs. 355, 358, 360) S- or J-
shaped; dorsal habitus of species (Figs. 109-112) ........................ Rhinacloa Reuter
Hind femur not enlarged and without dark or brown spots; tibial spines without
black spots at bases; male genitalia variable..........................................................4
4. Genital capsule with a distinct tubercle on the left side (Fig. 349) and a black
spot ventrally; vesica (Figs. 350, 353) with clusters of short and long, hairlike
bristles; species greenish yellow, with scutellum, clavus, and apical portion of
corium dark brown; male antennal segments I and II same thickness as segments
III and IV; female macropterous; dorsal habitus (Figs. 107, 108) .....................
.................................................................................... Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy
Genital capsule without a tubercle on the left side or a black spot ventrally; vesica
(Fig. 373) C-shaped, without clusters of hairlike bristles; species black, with white
markings on hemelytra; male antennal segments I and II much thicker than seg-
ments III and IV; female often brachypterous; dorsal habitus (Fig. 113)................
.................................................................................................Spanagonicus Berg
Genus Platyscytus Reuter
Platyscytus Reuter, 1907: 16. Type species: Platyscytus binotatus Reuter, 1907.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Phylinae by the pale overall coloration, with
two distinct red spots on the hemelytra, and the structure of male genitalia.
Carvalho (1955c) and Maldonado and Carvalho (1981) provided a key to identify
the species of Platyscytus. This genus includes 21 described species, distributed mainly in
South America (Schuh, 1995). One species occurs in Cuba.
Platyscytus binotatus Reuter

(Figs.104, 344-346)
Platyscytus binotatus Reuter, 1907: 16 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958b: 126 (cat.); Maldo-
nado and Carvalho, 1981: 386 (descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b: 206 (descrip.); Schuh,
Diagnosis. Male: General coloration pale yellow, with eyes, apical portion of scutel-
lum, and a spot mesally on the corium red; antennal segment III and IV castaneous;
membrane near cuneus and paracuneus pale brown. Head wider than long, concave
basally, covered with erect, yellow setae. Labium extending to apex of mesocoxa. Anten-
nal segment I shortest, thickest; segment II two times longer than remaining segments;
lengths of segments III and IV subequal. Pronotum trapeziform; posterior margins
straight, concave near anterior angle of mesoscutum; humeral angles rounded, set with
long, semierect, yellow setae. Mesoscutum depressed mesally. Hemelytral margin weakly
convex; clothed with yellow, semierect pubescence, especially along costal margin. Legs
uniformly yellow; hind tibia with spines longer than tibial width, outer surface with
two rows of short spinules; hind femur with distinct trichobothria. Genitalia (Figs.
344-346). Total length 2.41-2.54 mm.
Host. Collected on Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. [Sterculiaceae] and probably on
Piperaceae.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 8 specimens: Sierra de Mesa (Pinar del Rio). Univer-
sidad Central de Santa Clara (Villa Clara). C. Tnamo (Holgin) (HG, IES); 1 female,
Cayamas, 29.12, E. A. Schwarz (USNM).
Discussion. Carvalho (1990b) recorded P. binotatus from the Dominican Republic,
Haiti, Jamaica, Panam, and Venezuela.
Genus Pseudatomoscelis Poppius
Pseudatomoscelis Poppius, 1911: 85. Type species: Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Cuban Phylini by the dorsally brown-spotted, pale
to green body, with three or more distinct fuscous spots or bands on antennal segment II;
pale to brown membrane, with a dark fuscous mark just posterior to apex of the cuneus;
one or more dark setal patches along inner margin of cuneus; dark bristlelike setae on
dorsal edge of metafemur; tibial spines with dark spot at the bases; and the structure of
the male genitalia. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 105, 106).
Henry (2002) provided a key to the four known species of the genus. Two species
occur in Cuba.
Key to the Cuban Species of Pseudatomoscelis
1. Inner margin of cuneus without or with only vague spots bearing two or three dark
bristlelike setae; male vesica short and stout (Fig. 366); dorsal habitus (Fig. 105) ..
..................................................................................................... insularis Henry
Inner margin of cuneus with two to four distinct dark spots, the anterior-most spot
the largest and bearing 4 to 6 or more dark, bristlelike setae; male vesica propor-
tionately more slender (Fig. 370); dorsal habitus (Fig. 106) ........... seriata (Reuter)
Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry

(Figs. 105, 363-366)
Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry, 1991: 388 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 418 (cat.); Hernn-
dez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list); Henry, 2002: 105 (note, diag.).
Diagnosis. Male: Similar to P. seriata, but distinguished by the smaller size, less profusely
spotted head, shorter pronotum, and stouter, more curved male vesica. Length 2.16-
2.40mm. Genitalia (Figs. 363-366).
Female. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 105). Similar to male in general appearance. Length
2.40-2.60 mm.
Host. Henry (1991) reported this species from Croton sp. [Euphorbiaceae] in Puerto Rico.
Specimen examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud) (IES).
Discussion. Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the first Cuban record for
P. insularis, also known from Puerto Rico and St. Thomas Island (Henry 1991, 2002).
Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter)

(Figs. 106, 367-370)
Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter, 1876: 91 (orig. descrip.).

Psallus atomophorus Reuter, 1907: 22 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Henry, 1991: 389.
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus: Poppius, 1911: 86 (n. comb.). See Henry 1999: 389 for complete
list of synonymy.
Pseudatomoscelis seriata: Wheeler, 2001: 8 (spelling); Henry, 2002: 105 (in key).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 106). Overall pale to dark green, evenly sprinkled
on dorsum with small dark brown spots; color and spotting intensity largely host-plant
dependent. Antennal segments I and II and appendages distinctly spotted. Inner margin
of cuneus with one large and several small black spots giving rise to stout, black, bristlelike
setae. Left (Fig. 367) and right (Fig. 368) parameres typical for genus; vesica (Fig. 370)
relatively long and slender; phallotheca (Fig. 369). Length 2.76-3.16 mm
Female: Similar to male in overall coloration and markings. Length 2.80-3.40 mm.
This species is distinguished from P. insularis by the larger size, more profusely spot-
ted dorsum, especially on the head and pronotum, the larger cuneal spots or patches, and
the longer, more slender vesica.
Hosts. This widespread species, commonly known as the cotton fleahopper, has been
recorded from at least 128 species of plants in more than 28 families (Hixson, 1941).
Henry (1991) summarized the 21 most common host genera and, of them, Croton L.
[Euphorbiaceae], Monarda L. [Lamiaceae], Oenothera L. [Onagraceae], and Solanum L.
[Solanaceae] are among the most frequently used.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 4 specimens: Pinar del Rio (Pinar del Rio), 16-29
May, 1933, H. J. Macgillavry (ZMA).
Discussion. The above specimens appear to represent the first Cuban record for the
species, but as noted above under Parthenicus sparsus, specimens reported by Maldonado
(1986) as Capellanus sparsus (Distant) may actually have been P. seriata.
Genus Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy
Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy, 1905: 268. Type species: Episcopus ornatus Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Greenish-yellow species with a brown scutellum, clavus, and apical portion of
corium; membrane pale. Clothed with sericeous setae, mixed with erect, fuscous, simple
setae. Tibial spines lacking dark basal spots.
Kelton (1964) revised this genus and provided a key to separate the species occur-
ring in North and Central America and the West Indies. Reuteroscopus is a large genus
with approximately 53 described species (Schuh, 1995), some of which feed on ragweeds,
Ambrosia spp. It is represented in Cuba by two species.
Key to the Cuban Species of Reuteroscopus
1. Yellowish green, with scutellum, clavus, and bar across apex of corium dark brown
to fuscous; hind femora yellow with only a few small brown spots on outer face;
male genital capsule with a distinct tubercle above left paramere and a dark spot on
ventral surface; dorsal habitus (Fig. 108) ......................................ornatus (Reuter)
Yellow, with scutellum, clavus, and a cloud at middle of corium diffused brown to
yellowish brown; hind femur yellow with apex and a few small spots on outer surface
brown; male genital capsule lacking a tubercle above left paramere and without or
only an indistinct brown spot on ventral surface; dorsal habitus (Fig. 107)............
.................................................................................................... hamatus Kelton
Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton

(Figs. 107, 347-350)
Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton, 1964: 1426 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note);
Schuh, 1995: 421(cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Male: Hemelytra with a somewhat diffused central dark brown area, not sharply
defined and contrasting with pale green or yellowish-green areas. Body covered with pale to
brown pubescence, intermixed with slender sericeous setae. Head, antennal segments I and
II, first three labial segments, pronotum, pleurae, coxae, femora, embolium, and cuneus
pale green to more pale yellow in preserved specimens. Eyes, apex of antennal segments
II, III, and IV, and a spot on the ventral side of the genital capsule brown. Mesoscutum,
scutellum, clavus, and extensive area at apex of corium diffused brown. Membrane brown,
veins around small areole green. Tibia pale greenish brown; tarsi dark brown apically. Geni-
talia (Figs. 347-350); genital capsule lacking a tubercle above left paramere and lacking or
with only an indistinct dark spot on verntral surface. Total length 3.07 mm.
Host. Collected on Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 5 specimens: Hormiguero, Feb. (Cienfuegos). Santa
Cruz del Norte; Bauta (Habana) (HG, IES, ZMA).
Discussion. Reuterscopus hamatus is less abundant in Cuba and the Greater Antilles than
R. ornatus (Maldonado, 1986). Kelton (1964) recorded it from the Dominican Republic,
Grenada, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, the United States (Florida), and the Virgin Islands.
Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter)

(Figs. 108, 351-353)
Episcopus ornatus Reuter, 1876: 90 (orig. descrip.).

Reuterosocopus ornatus: Bruner et al., 1945: 89, 127 (hosts); Kelton, 1964: 1422 (descrip.,
distr.); Alayo, 1974: 23 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 169, 243 (hosts); Maldo-
nado, 1986: 133 (note, distr.); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 497 (cat.); Zayas, 1988:
144 (diag.); Schuh, 1995: 422 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list).
Diagnosis. Male. Head yellow or yellowish green, with an oval brown pattern extending
over vertex and frons; eyes reddish black or black; labium yellowish green, last segment
black. Antennal segment I yellow; II slightly dashed with brown; III and IV brown. Pro-
notum, pleurae, coxae, femora, tibiae, and most of tarsi yellowish or yellowish green. Hind
femur with inconspicuous small, brown, apical spots. Mesoscutum yellow; lateral margins
brown; scutellum brown, sometimes yellowish green along claval margin. Hemelytron:
clavus dark brown; corium with a broad dark brown to fuscous band across apex; cuneus
yellowish green; embolium yellow; membrane brown. Tibial spines black. Genitalia (Fig.
351-353); genital capsule with a distinct tubercle above left paramere and a distinct dark
brown or fuscous spot on ventral surface. Total length 3.00 mm.
Hosts. Collected on Helianthus annuus L. [Asteraceae] and Parthenium hysterophorus
L. [Asteraceae] (Bruner et al., 1945; Alayo, 1974; Bruner et al., 1975); Ipomoea rubra
Murr., I. tiliacea var? [Convolvulaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 90 specimens: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud).

San Diego, May; Hoyo de Fania (Pinar del Rio). Gira de Melena; Alqizar; El Cano (La
Habana). Finca La Chata, Boyeros; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad de la Habana). Cinaga
de Zapata. Jibacoa; Maniacal; Epica 4 (Villa Clara). Meseta del Guaso; EPICA Guantnamo
(Guantnamo). Cayo Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgin) (HG, IES, ZMA).
Discussion. Kelton (1964) noted that R. ornatus is the most widely distributed
species in the genus.
Genus Rhinacloa Reuter
Rhinacloa Reuter, 1876: 88. Type species: Rhinacloa forticornis Reuter, 1876.
Diagnosis. Small oval species, with sericeous or scalelike dorsal setae, a row of spicules
dorsally on distal half of the metafemur, and basally broad claws with pulvilli flaplike or
covering nearly the entire ventral claw surface. Male genitalia with vesica elongate, scle-
rotized, usually S-shaped, occasionally J-shaped, with or without a secondary gonopore,
and sometimes with a spicule.
This is a widespread Neotropical genus with approximately 38 described species
(Schuh, 1995). Schuh and Schwartz (1985) revised the genus and provided a key to
species. Four species occur in Cuba.
Key to species of Rhinacloa in Cuba

(Adapted from Schuh and Schwartz, 1985 and Maldonado, 1991)
1. Pale species; labium extending to apex of procoxa; lateral margins of pronotum and
hemelytra with a distinct row of heavy, black setae; male genitalia (Figs. 356-358);
dorsal habitus (Fig. 110) ............................................cardini (Barber and Bruner)
Dark species; labium extending to midpoint of mesocoxae or beyond; lateral margins
of pronotum and hemelytra with erect brown setae; male genitalia different........2
2. Propleura with a distinct quadrate, dark brown, velvety patch; hind femur pale,
distinctly and abundantly brown spotted apically; male genitalia (Figs. 361, 362);
dorsal habitus (Fig. 112) ......................................................pallidipes Maldonado
Propleura without a velvety patch; hind femur pale or dark, unspotted or with scat-
tered dark spots; male genitalia different..............................................................3
3. Membrane with scattered scalelike setae; antennal segment I dark; male genitalia
(Figs. 359, 360); dorsal habitus (Fig. 111) ............................... clavicornis (Reuter)
Membrane without scalelike setae; antennal segment I pale; male genitalia (Figs.
354, 355); dorsal habitus (Fig. 109) .............................................. basalis (Reuter)
Rhinacloa basalis (Reuter)

(Figs. 109, 354, 355)
Sthenarus basalis Reuter, 1907: 26 (orig. descrip.).

Lepidopsallus pusilla Knight, 1925: 227 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz,
1985: 395.
Rhinacloa castanea Carvalho, 1948: 10 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 138 (cat.). Syn-
onymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395.
Rhinacloa pallida Reuter, 1908b: 178 (orig. descrip.); Maldonado, 1969: 82 (descrip.).
Synonymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 395
Rhinacloa pusilla: Carvalho, 1955b: 226 (n. comb.); Carvalho, 1958a: 139 (cat.); Maldo-
nado, 1969: 82 (descrip.)
Rhinacloa basalis: Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Maldonado, 1991: 121 (note); Schuh and
Schwartz, 1985: 395; Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 498 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 424 (cat.);
Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the variably pale brown to brown coloration; parallel-
sided emboliar margins of hemelytra; the sexually dimorphic coloration of antennal seg-
ment II (male yellow with apical third castaneous vs. female yellow with apical fourth and
basal fifth castaneous); and the structure of male genitalia, especially the well-developed
secondary gonopore, the apical spicules on the vesica and the splayed left paramere.
Genitalia (Figs. 354, 355). Total length 2.37-2.59 mm [length from apex of tylus to
cuneal fracture 1.47-1.83 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)].
Host. No hosts recorded from Cuba. Schuh and Schwartz (1985) recorded Ama-
ranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 44 specimens: Hormiguero (Cienfuegos). Loma de
la Bandera, Mayari; Playa Sabina, Pinares de Mayari (Holgin). San Diego, May-June;
Soroa; Herradura (Pinar del Rio). Habana. Soledad (Cienfuegos). San Blas, Mar. (Matan-
zas). Trinidad; Buenos Aires (Sancti Spiritus). Santa Clara, Mar.-Apr. (Santa Clara). La
Emajagua; La Gran Piedra; Siboney (Santiago de Cuba). La Fa (Guantnamo) (BMNH,
IES, USNM, ZMA).
Discussion. This widely distributed species shows color variation over its entire
range (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985). Specimens from Hispaniola have the posterior half
of the pronotum dark, constrasting with the anterior half. In material from Jamaica, the
pronotum is completely dark brown, almost black. Cuban specimens are similar to those
from Hispaniola.
Rhinacloa cardini (Barber and Bruner)

(Figs. 110, 356-358)
Campylomma sp.: Bruner et al., 1945: 71 (host).

Campylomma cardini Barber and Bruner, 1946: 58 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 25
(cat.); Alayo, 1974: 23 (diag., host); Bruner et al., 1975: 134 (host); Zayas, 1988: 145
(note); Hernndez and Reyes, 1995: 5 (list, types, host).
Rhinacloa cardini: Maldonado, 1969: 75 (descrip., host); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 414
(descrip., host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note), 1991: 121 (note); Schuh, 1995: 424
(cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Diagnosis. Dorsal habitus (Fig. 110). Male: Recognized by the small size, weakly oval
shape, general pallid to pale green coloration, distinct black spotting on the metafemora,
row of heavy black setae laterally on pronotum and hemelytra, weakly concave head,
posterior margin of eye not conforming to shape of anterior margin on pronotum, and
structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 356-358). Total length 2.37-2.72 mm [length from
apex tylus to cuneal fracture 1.66-1.99 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)].
Host. Collected on the introduced Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. [Mi-
mosaceae] (Bruner et al., 1945, 1975; Hernndez and Reyes, 1995).
Type material examined. Holotype , 5 paratype , 6 paratype : Cuba,
Santiago de las Vegas, Habana, S. C. Bruner, 4 July 1945 (USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 33 specimens: Viales; Soroa (Pinar del Rio).
Santiago de las Vegas (Habana). Soledad (Cienfuegos). EPICA Guantnamo; Imias
(Holgin). Siboney (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Rhinacloa clavicornis (Reuter)

(Figs. 111, 359, 360)
Sthenarus clavicornis Reuter, 1905: 38 (orig. descrip.).

Rhinacloa subpallicornis Knight, 1925: 225 (orig. descrip.); Bruner et al., 1945: 133 (host);
Carvalho, 1958a: 139 (cat.); Alayo, 1974: 21 (diag., hosts); Bruner et al., 1975: 253
(host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Zayas, 1988: 144 (diag.). Synonymized by
Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 399.
Rhinacloa clavicornis: Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 399 (descrip., hosts); Henry and Wheeler,
1988: 498 (cat.); Maldonado, 1991:121 (note); Schuh, 1995: 424 (cat.); Hernndez
and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the dark antennal segment I, basally pale and distally
dark antennal segment II, clavate female antennal segment II, and the structure of male
genitalia (Figs. 359, 360), especially sinuous vesica, with the apex deflexed and secondary
gonopore well developed subapically. Total length 2.05-2.40 mm (length from apex of
tylus to cuneal fracture 1.50-1.78 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1985)].
Female: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 111). Similar to male in general appearance, except for
the smaller eyes, more rounded head, and the conspicuously clavate antennal segment II.
Hosts. Bruner et al. (1945, 1975) listed Phaseolus limensis Macfad. [Fabaceae];
Alayo (1974) recorded citrus and mango; and Schuh and Schwartz (1985) gave Buddleja
wrightii Robbins [Buddlejaceae] and cultivated corn and cotton.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 19 specimens: El Cano; Santiago de las Vegas (Ciudad
de la Habana) (IES).
Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado

(Figs.112, 361, 362)
Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado, 1969: 83 (orig. descrip.); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407
descrip.); Henry, 1984: 519 (distr., note); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407 (descrip.);
Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note); Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 498 (cat.); Schuh, 1995:
426 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Rhinacloa punctipes Maldonado, 1969: 84 (orig. descrip.); Henry, 1984: 519 (note). Syn-
onymized by Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 407.
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 112). Recognized by the black velvety patch on
propleuron, the tibial spines with distinct black bases, and the structure of the male
genitalia (Figs. 361, 362), especially the S-shaped vesica with a short, blunt, apical spine
and subapically developed secondary gonopore (Fig. 362). Total length 2.21-2.53 mm
(length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.52-1.81 mm (Schuh and Schwartz 1985)].
Female: Similar to male in general appearance, except for the more robust and ovoid
body, smaller eyes, and weakly clavate black antennal segment II.
Host. Henry (1984) reported a specimen from Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebin-
thifolius Raddi [Anacardiaceae] in Florida.
Specimens examined. No Cuban material examined. Numerous specimens from
Puerto Rico and Florida studied.
Discussion. Rhinacloa pallidipes is widely distributed from Mexico to South America,
in the West Indies, and southern Florida in the United States (Henry, 1984; Schuh and
Schwartz, 1985; Maldonado, 1991). In Cuba, it was recorded from Soledad (Cienfuegos)
(Schuh and Schwartz, 1985).
Genus Spanagonicus Berg
Spanagonicus Berg, 1883: 78. Type species: Spanagonicus provincialis Berg, 1883.
Diagnosis. Nearly black species, with a transverse, white fascia on hemelytron. Head
weakly exserted and straight behind. Antennal segments I and II strongly dimorphic,
much thicker and more pubescent in males than females. Females often brachypterous.
This is a small genus with only four described species (Schuh, 1995). One species
occurs in Cuba.
Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter)

(Figs. 113, 371-373)
Leucopoecila albofasciatus Reuter, 1907: 24 (orig. descrip.).

Spanagonicus albofasciatus: Alayo, 1974: 22 (diag., host); Maldonado, 1986: 133 (note);
Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 500 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 431(cat.); Hernndez and Stone-
dahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Spanogonicus [sic] albofasciatus: Zayas, 1988: 144 (diag.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 113). Recognized by the overall black coloration
with a white fascia on the hemelytron, the thickened male antenna, and the structure of
the male genitalia (Figs. 371-373), especially shape of the left paramere and large, slender,
apically curved vesica. Total length 1.50-2.00 mm.
Female: Macropterous forms similar to male in general appearance. Brachypterous
individuals are strongly coleopteriform and the antennae are much longer than the body.
Hosts. Collected on Ipomoea sp. [Convolvulaceae] and Oryza sativa L. [Poaceae]
in Cuba.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 10 specimens: Nueva Gerona (Isla de la Juventud).
Banes; Pinar del Rio, May (Pinar del Rio). Santiago de las Vegas (La Habana). Finca la
Chata, Boyeros (Ciudad de la Habana). Central Menndez (Matanzas). Manicaragua,
Mar. (Villa Clara) Chirigota (Cienfuegos). (BMNH, HG, IES, USNM, ZMA).
Discussion. Butler (1965) and Butler and Stoner (1965) studied the biology and
Neal et al. (1972) reported on its predatory feeding behavior.
Tribe Pilophorini Douglas and Scott
Diagnosis. Members of this tribe are recognized by the following combinations of

characters: head concave behind; body with lanceloate, silky or scalelike setae, forming
transverse bands or patches across hemelytra; pretarsi with lanceolate, apically convergent
parempodia; and male genitalia with an untwisted vesica and a much-reduced secondary
gonopore.
The Pilophorini are a widespread group of 10 genera, comprised of strongly myr-
mecomorphic species (Schuh, 1991; Schuh and Slater, 1995). This tribe is represented
in Cuba by two genera and five species.
Key to Cuban Genera of Pilophorini
1. Strongly ant mimetic, hemelytra constricted through middle, with two bands of
silvery, scalelike setae, one on anterior third of corium and one on posterior third
(Fig.114) ......................................................................................Pilophorus Hahn
Not ant mimetic, instead oval or elongate oval; hemelytra not constricted and without
bands of scalelike setae ..............................................................Sthenaridea Reuter
Genus Pilophorus Hahn
Pilophorus Hahn, 1826: 23. Type species: Cimex clavatus Linnaeus, 1767.
Diagnosis. Species strongly myrmecomorphic, with lateral and anterior margins of

pronotum flattened, often with patches of scalelike setae anterolaterally and posteriorly
on scutellum. Posterior margin of the mesepimeron and usually posterior margin of
metepisternum with a short row of scalelike setae; often with patch of scalelike setae
on anterolateral portion of abdominal sternum. Hemelytra constricted at middle, with
a band of conspicuous transverse, scalelike setae across basal and apical thirds of each
corium. Male genitalia with a flat or twisted vesica, having spicules near the gonopore
and usually a spinelike, lateral process mesally.
Pilophorus is a large genus with 108 species worldwide (Schuh, 1995). It is repre-
sented in Cuba by one species.
Pilophorus cubanus Hernndez and Henry, New Species

(Figs. 114, 374-376)
Diagnosis. Pilophorus cubanus runs to the P. crassipes group (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)
based on the unique polished hemelytral texture posteriad of the posterior band of scale-
like setae, the uniformly dark antennal segment III, and the flat vesica with subapical
denticles on the mesial, spinelike process. It is similar to P. tibialis Van Duzee in having
teeth on the mesial process, but is distinguished by the smaller size, shorter, uniformly
brown antennal segment II, brown antennal segment IV, smoky hemelytral membrane,
linear metatibia, and the structure of male genitalia, especially the vesica with a smaller
subapical spine near the mesial process.
Description. Male (n = 5): Dorsal habitus (Fig. 114). Macropterous; total length
2.40-2.85 mm. Head: Length 0.30 mm; width across eyes 0.75-1.05 mm; width of
vertex 0.30-0.45 mm; dark castaneous; clypeus produced in front eyes; maxillary plates
prominent; eyes large, reddish brown, occupying entire height of head in lateral view
and contiguous with anterior angles of pronotum. Labium: Reddish brown, extending
to abdominal segment V. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24-0.30 mm, pale castaneous,
covered with 2-3 long, erect, brown setae, intermixed with short, decumbent, brown
setae; II, length 1.05-1.35 mm, three times longer than remaining segments, castaneous,
sometimes darker apically (some specimens have a pale red tinge on underside), clothed
with short, semierect, brown pubescence; III, length (n = 4) 0.24-0.45 mm, pale castane-
ous basally, darker toward apex; IV, length (n = 3) 0.30-0.38 mm, dark brown, especially
at base. Thorax: Pronotum: Mesal length 0.45-0.60 mm; posterior width 1.20-1.35 mm;
campaniform, flattened, dark castaneous; anterior and posterior margins nearly straight;
pronotum clothed with short, decumbent, white setae. Mesoscutum: Weakly elevated.
Scutellum: Dark brown, covered with decumbent, silvery setae. Hemelytron: Castaneous,
sometimes pale castaneous before posterior band of setae on corium; apex of emboliar
margins dark castaneous, dashed with reddish brown; cuneus dark brown; anterior band
of setae usually across entire width of body. Venter: Propleura castaneous; meso- and
metapleura shining, black; abdomen castaneous to black (some specimens with genital
capsule brownish red). Legs: Procoxa pale castaneous; femur, trochanter, tibia, and tarsus
fuscous. Genitalia (Figs. 374-376).
Female (n = 2): Similar to male in general appearance. Total length 2.55-2.85 mm.
Head: Length 0.30-0.45 mm, width across eyes 0.85-1.05 mm, width of vertex 0.43-0.45
mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30-0.36 mm; II, length 1.20 mm; III, length 0.45
mm; IV, length 0.30 mm. Thorax: Pronotum. Mesal length 0.45 mm; posterior width
0.45-0.60 mm.
Etymology. Named for the country of origin, Cuba.
Host. It was collected in an area predominated by a species of Pinus [Pinaceae].
Type material examined. Holotype : Cuba, Pinares de Mayari, Playa Sabina,
Holgin, 8.vii.1990, L. F. Armas-V. Becker, a la luz (IES). Paratypes: 1 , 2 , same
data as for holotype; 5 , Loma de la Bandera, Mayari, Holgin, 13.vi.1990, L. F.
Armas-V.Becker, charrascal, a la luz, 400 m (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Other specimens examined. Cuba, 3 (without heads): Cayo Sabina, Pinares
de Mayari, Holgin, L. F.Armas-V. Becker, a la luz; 1 (without head), same data as
for holotype (IES).
Genus Sthenaridea Reuter
Sthenaridea Reuter, 1885: 197. Type species: Sthenaridea pusilla Reuter, 1885, a junior
synonym of Deraeocoris piceoniger Motschulsky, 1863.
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the small, oval shape; sericeous setae on the propleura; the
fleshy, convergent parempodia; and structure of the male genitalia, especially the vesica
that forms a simple tube with no obvious secondary gonopore.
Sthenaridea is a widely distributed genus in the Neotropical Region, with 21 de-
scribed species (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988; Schuh, 1995). It is represented in Cuba by
four species.
Key to species of Sthenaridea in Cuba

(Modified from Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)
1. Body and appendages pale yellowish brown; male genitalia (Figs. 379, 380); dorsal
habitus (Fig. 116)................................................... carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz
Body dark colored, usually castaneous, appendages pale to dark; male genitalia dif-
ferent ..................................................................................................................2
2. Antennal segment I and II concolorous; vesica L-shaped (Fig. 385); dorsal habitus
(Fig. 118) ...................................................................................vulgaris (Distant)
Antennal segment I and II not concolorous, either segment I dark and II pale, or I
entirely pale and II castaneous to nearly black; vesica C-shaped...........................3
3. Antennal segment I dark, segment II pale; male genitalia (Figs. 381-383); dorsal
habitus (Fig. 117)............................................... maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz
Antennal segment I pale, segment II castaneous to nearly black; male genitalia (Figs.
377, 378); dorsal habitus (Fig. 115) ................................... araguaiana (Carvalho)
Sthenaridea araguaiana (Carvalho)

(Figs.115, 377, 378)
Rhinacloa araguaiana Carvalho, 1948: 11 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 38 (cat.).

Paramixia araguaiana: Carvalho, 1984: 180 (n. comb.); Schuh and Schwartz, 1985: 431
(note).
Sthenaridea araguaiana: Schuh and Schwartz, 1988:186 (n. comb., descrip.); Schuh, 1995:
470 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Diagnosis. Male: Similar to S. maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, but distinguished by the
general castaneous coloration, pale antennal segment I in contrast to the black segment II,
dark coxae, mostly black trochanters and femora, and the structure of the male genitalia
(Figs. 377, 378). Total length 1.92-2.34 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture
1.35-1.65 mm (Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)].
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 14 specimens: Mogote del Fonte, Mogote de la Sidra,
San Andrs (Pinar del Rio). Bauta (Habana). Meseta del Guaso (Guantnamo). Loma de
la Bandera, Mayari (Holgin). Pico Cuba (Santiago de Cuba) (BMNH, IES).
Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) reported S. araguaiana from Mexico to
Peru, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Hernndez and Stonedahl (1997b) gave the
first report from Cuba.
Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz

(Figs. 116, 379, 380)
Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 187 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995:471
Diagnosis. Male: Recognized by the generally pale golden coloration, dark red compound
eyes, darkened antennal segments II and IV, weakly convex lateral hemelytral margins,
elongate-oval body, and structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 379, 380), especially the
C-shaped vesica and the broad and strongly elevated posterior lobe of the left paramere.
Total length 2.18-2.24 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.33-1.71 mm
(Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)].
Host. Unknown.
Type material examined. Paratype: 1 (abdomen missing, sex unknown), Belize:
Belize Houlover Road, NW of Belize city, 8-10 July 1978, P. S. Broomfield (BMNH).
Other specimens examined. No Cuban material examined.
Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) recorded S. carvalhoi from tropical Mexico
to southern Brazil, the Greater Antilles, and Cuba, including La Habana, Cayo Tio Pepe,
and Cayo La Vela (Villa Clara). They noted that some of Maldonados (1969) records for
S. carmelitana from Puerto Rico may pertain to this species.
Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz

(Figs. 117, 381-383)
Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 189 (orig. descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 471
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 117). Recognized by the dark brown to castane-
ous general coloration, nearly black antennal segment I in contrast to the mostly pale
segment II, apically pale coxae, pale trochanters, basally pale femora, dark metatibiae,
and the structure of the male genitalia, especially the L-shaped vesica (Figs. 381-383).
Total length 2.02-2.40 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.45-1.69 mm
[Schuh and Schwartz, 1988)].
Host. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Cuba, 1 specimen: Alqizar (La Habana) (IES).
Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) recorded S. maldonadoi from Mexico to
central Brazil, the Greater Antilles, and Cuba (Soledad, Cienfuegos).
Sthenaridea vulgaris (Distant)

(Figs. 118, 384, 385)
Jornandes vulgaris Distant, 1893: 448 (orig. descrip.).

Psallus politus Uhler, 1894: 195 (orig. descip.); Carvalho, 1958a: 127 (cat.). Synonymized
by Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192.
Paramixia polita: Henry, 1985b: 1128 (n. comb.).
Sthenarus plebejus Reuter, 1907: 26 (orig. descrip.); Carvalho, 1980: 647. Synonymized
with Psallus politus Uhler, 1894, by Henry 1985: 1128; synonymized with Jornandes
vulgaris Distant, 1893, by Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192.
Sthenaridea vulgaris: Schuh and Schwartz, 1988: 192 (n. comb., descrip.); Carvalho, 1990b:
215 (descrip.); Schuh, 1995: 472 (cat.); Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997b: 23 (list.).
Diagnosis. Male: Dorsal habitus (Fig. 118). Distinguished by the general castaneous
coloration; the pale golden antennal segments I and II (antennal segment II sometimes
extensively darkened distally), trochanters, and tibiae; the generally darkened antennal
segments III and IV; the variably pale to mostly dark femora; mostly black metathoracic
scent-gland area, without pale areas; and structure of the male genitalia (Figs. 384, 385),
especially the more or less L-shaped vesica with a sharp sub-basal curve (Fig. 385). Total
length 2.37-2.82 mm [length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.43-1.98 mm (Schuh
and Schwartz, 1988)].

Hosts. Collected on Zea mays L. [Poaceae] and Sorghum sp. [Poaceae].
Specimens examined. Cuba, 21 specimens: Punta del Este; Nueva Gerona (Isla
de la Juventud). San Luis; Soroa; Sierra de Mesa; La Palma; Viales; Sierra de Cajalbana
(Pinar del Rio). Caimito; Bauta; Ariguanabo (La Habana). La Chata, Boyeros; Santiago
de las Vegas; Vedado (Ciudad de la Habana). La Boca, Cinaga de Zapata (Matanzas).
Soldedad (Cienfuegos). Hanabanilla, Escambray; Cudina (Sancti Spiritus). Cubanacan;
Universidad Central de las Villas (Villa Clara). Santiago de Cuba. Pinares de Mayari
(Holgin). (Las Villas Mayajigua; Matanzas Varadero) (BMNH, IES, USNM).
Discussion. Schuh and Schwartz (1988) indicated that S. vulgaris is widespread
from southern Florida and Texas, south to Bolivia and southern Brazil, and throughout
the Caribbean. It is common in Cuba.
Miridae Incorrectly Recorded from Cuba
Bryocoriniae: Eccritotarsini
Sixeonotus insignis Reuter, 1876

Alayo (1974) recorded S. insignis based on one specimen (No. 134) determined by Uhler
that is deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). Maldonado (1986) suggested that
Alayos (1974) record could have been a misidentification of Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado.
One of us (LMH) examined this specimen and compared it with species of the
related genera Cyrtocapsus Reuter, Pycnoderes Gurin-Mneville, and Sixeonotus Reuter.
Although it is a female without antennae and the hemelytra are damaged by psocids,
the shape and punctation of the pronotum are closer to Aguayomiris than to Sixeonotus.
In the absence of additional material, we agree with Maldonado (1986) and exclude S.
insignis from the list of Cuban Miridae.
Mirinae: Mirini
Polymerus basalis (Reuter, 1876)

Alayo (1974) recorded P. basalis from Cuba, based on one male (No. 177) identified by
Uhler, deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). One of us (LMH) has studied this
specimen, which is partially damaged by psocids, and considered it a dark form of P.
testaceipes. Polymerus basalis, therefore, is removed from the Cuban list.
Proba sallei (Stl, 1862)

Alayos (1974) record of Proba sallei from Cuba was based on two specimens (No. 205)
deposited in the Gundlach Collection (IES). One of us (LMH) has studied these specimens
and compared them with type material of P. sallei housed at the BMNH, and considers
them misidentifications. One specimen, a female partially damaged by psocids, is Taylori-
lygus apicalis (Fieber). The other specimen, a female, belongs to the genus Derophthalma,
but its poor condition precludes a positive identification.
Maldonados (1986) record of P. sallei from Cuba is based on Alayos (1974) report;
we, therefore, exclude this name from the list of Cuban Miridae. Proba sallei is known
from the southwestern United States, south to Peru (Maldonado, 1986; Henry and
Wheeler, 1988; Schuh, 1995).
Phylinae: Phylini
Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler, 1895)

Alayo (1974) recorded this species as Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhler), indicating that the
record from Cuba was based on specimens (probably identified by Uhler) sent to him
by Gundlach. Maldonado (1986) considered Alayos (1974) record doubtful. Stonedahl
(1990) in his revision of Atractotomus stated that ... the Cuba, San[to] Domingo, and
Mexico records are not rubidus, possibly not Atractotomus ... He restricted the distribu-
tion of A. rubidus to the eastern United States and Ontario, Canada, where it is found
on Salix babylonica L., S. interior Rowlee, and S. nigra Marsh. [Salicaceae]. We agree
with Maldonado (1986) and Stonedahl (1990) and, therefore, exclude this name from
the Cuban mirid list.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Paul Brown, Janet Margerison, Jon Martin, Mick Webb, and the late Gaden
Robinson (Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK)
for their support and encouragement during this study. We are grateful to Harry Tay-
lor (Photographic Unit, BMNH), who provided all black and white and certain color
photographs (Figs. 18, 24, 27, 33, 42, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 71, 72, 74, 79, 82, 84-86,
88), and Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC), who produced the remaining
color images and assembled the color plates. We are also grateful to Gary Stonedahl for his
support and technical assistance during the early construction of this study and Nathalie
David-Hernndez (wife of the first author) for her support and patience throughout this
study and help with many of the illustrations used in this paper. We are indebted to the
following museums and their curators or collection managers for lending specimens:
Randall T. Schuh (AMNH); J. L. Stehlik (MM); and Willem Hogenes (ZMA). We also
are grateful to Nayla Garcia, Elba Reyes, Luis F. de Armas, Roxanna Rodriguez, Martha
Hidalgo (all from Instituto de Ecologa y Sistemtica [IES], Miniterio de Ciencia, Tec-
nologa y Medio Ambiente, Cuba) for arranging the loan of mirid type material. Thanks
is also given to Augusto Juarrero de Varona for handcarrying and help arranging ship-
ment of several important types. Finally, we thank Michael G. Pogue (SEL), Natalia J.
Vandenberg (SEL), and Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, South
Carolina) for kindly reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript and offering suggestions for
its improvement. This project was initially funded during 1995-1996, through a fellow-
ship grant (No. 162/3/53) under the Darwin Biosystematics Initiative for the Survival of
the Species, a programme funded by the Department of Environment, United Kingdom.
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FIGURES
tgs ch
vcs
ocs
1
bcs pu
ug
ics
pa
2 3 4
5 6 7
8 10
Figs. 1-10. Pretarsus of Miridae subfamilies and tribes. 1. General structure of the claw (Redrawn
after Schuh, 1974). 2-8 (Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1997). 2. Bryocorinae. 3. Deraeocorinae.
4. Cylapinae. 5. Dicyphini. 6. Mirinae. 7. Orthotylinae. 8. Phylinae. 9-10. Tarsus of tribes of Mirinae
(Redrawn after Carvalho, 1955a). 9. Tarsus of Sthenodemini (Redrawn after Carvalho,1955a). 10.
Tarsus of Mirinae (Redrawn after Carvalho, 1955a). bcs, basal claws spines; ch, claws hair; ics, inner
claws surface; ocs, outer claws surface; pa, parempodium; pu, pulvillus; tgs, tarsal guard setae; ug,
ungular plate; vcs, ventral claws surface.
11 12 13
14 15 16
17 18 19
Figs. 11-19. Dorsal habitus. 11. Monalocoris americanus (). 12. Engytatus modestus (). 13. Engytatus
varians (). 14. Macrolophus basicornis (). 15. Macrolophus praeclarus (). 16. Nesidiocoris tenuis
(). 17. Aguayomiris pallipes (). 18. Cubanomiris pilosus (holotype ). 19. Cyrtocapsus caligineus ().
20 21 22
23 24 25
26 27 28
Figs. 20-28. Dorsal habitus. 20. Cyrtocapsus femoratus (). 21. Eurycipitia clarus (). 22. Heterocoris
dilatatus (). 23. Heterocoris dilatatus (). 24. Notolobus dimidiatus (). 25. Pycnoderes angustatus
(). 26. Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus (). 27. Pycnoderes similaris (holotype ). 28. Pycnoderes
vanduzeei ().
29 30 31
32 33 34
35 36 37
Figs. 29-37. Dorsal habitus. 29. Pycnoderiella insularis (). 30. Sysinas centralis (). 31. Fulvius
anthocoroides (). 32. Fulvius bisbistillatus (). 33. Fulvius cavernus (holotype ). 34. Ambracius
dufouri (). 35. Ambracius dufouri (). 36. Diplozona collaris (). 37. Hyaliodes vittaticornis
(allotype ).
38 39 40
41 42 43
44 45 46
Figs. 38-46. Dorsal habitus. 38. Paracarniella cubana (). 39. Paracarnus myseri (). 40. Paracarnus
punctaticollis (holotype of Paracarnus maestralis). 41. Eustictus brunnipunctatus (). 42. Eustictus
soroaensis (holotype ). 43. Termatophylidea pilosa (). 44. Diphleps Maldonadoi (). 45.
Adelphocoris rapidus (). 46. Calondas fasciatus ().
47 48 49
50 51 52
53 54 55
Figs. 47-55. Dorsal habitus. 47. Creontiades debilis (). 48. Creontiades rubrinervis (). 49. Dagbertus
fasciatus (). 50. Dagbertus olivaceus (). 51. Dagbertus semipictus (). 52. Derophthalma
guantanamoensis (holotype ). 53. Deropthalma elongata (holotype ). 54. Derophthalmoides
multimaculatus (, redrawn after Maldonado, 1986). 55. Horcias multilineatus ().
56 57 58
59 60 61
62 63 64
Figs. 56-64. Dorsal habitus. 56. Horcias multilineatus (). 57. Phytocoris angustifrons (allotype ).
58. Phytocoris ariadnae (holotype ). 59. Phytocoris armasi (holotype ). 60. Phytocoris banderae
(holotype ). 61. Phytocoris cubensis (holotype ). 62. Phytocoris iani (holotype ). 63. Phytocoris
imais (holotype ). 64. Phytocoris maestrensis (holotype ).
65 66 67
68 69 70
71 72 73
Figs. 65-73. Dorsal habitus. 65. Phytocoris similaris (holotype ). 66. Phytocoris turquinensis
(holotype ). 67. Polymerus testaceipes (dark form, ). 68. Polymerus testaceipes (pale form, ).
69. Proba distanti (). 70. Taylorilygus apicalis (). 71. Tropidosteptes cubanus (holotype ). 72.
Tropidosteptes tumidus (holotype ). 73. Prepops atripennis ().
74 75 76
77 78 79
80 81 82
Figs. 74-82. Dorsal habitus. 74. Prepops candelariensis (holotype ). 75. Prepops cruciferus (). 76.
Prepops cubanus (holotype ). 77. Prepops latipennis (). 78. Prepops maldonadoi (). 79. Prepops
santiagoensis (holotype ). 80. Collaria oleosa (). 81. Dolichomiris linearis (). 82. Neotropicomiris
moaensis (holotype ).
83 84 85
86 87 88
89 90 91
Figs. 83-91. Dorsal habitus. 83. Trigonotylus tenuis (). 84. Ceratocapsus alayoi (). 85. Ceratocapsus
cubanus (). 86. Ceratocapsus holguinensis (). 87. Ceratocapsus punctulatus (). 88. Ceratocapsus
stonedahli (). 89. Sericophanes heidemanni (macropterous ). 90. Sericophanes heidemanni
(brachypterous ). 91. Halticus bractatus (macropterus ).
92 93 94
95 96 97
98 99 100
Figs. 92-100. Dorsal habitus. 92. Halticus bractatus (brachypterous ). 93. Falconia jamaicensis ().
94. Falconia semirasa (). 95. Hyalochloria caviceps (). 96. Hyalochloria unicolor (). 97. Itacoris
trimaculatus (). 98. Jobertus chryselectrus (). 99. Parthenicus sparsus (lectotype of Capellanus
sparsus). 100. Proboscidotylus nigrosquamus ().
101 102 103
104 105 106
107 108 109
Figs.101-109. Dorsal habitus. 101. Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus (paratype ). 102. Tytthus

neotropicalis (). 103. Tytthus parviceps (). 104. Platyscytus binotatus (). 105. Pseudatomoscelis
insularis (). 106. Pseudatomoscelis seriata (). 107. Reuteroscopus hamatus (). 108. Reuteroscopus
ornatus (). 109. Rhinacloa basalis ().
110 111 112
113 114 115
116 117 118
Figs. 110-118. Dorsal habitus. 110. Rhinacloa cardini (). 111. Rhinacloa clavicornis (). 112. Rhinacloa
pallidipes (). 113. Spanagonicus albofasciatus (). 114. Pilophorus cubanus (holotype ). 115.
Sthenaridea araguaiana (). 116. Sthenaridea carvalhoi (). 117. Sthenaridea maldonadoi (). 118.
Sthenaridea vulgaris ().
119 120 121
122
123
125
124
Figs. 119-125. Male genitalia. 119-121. Monalocoris americanus. 119. Left paramere, dorsal view. 120.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 121. Vesica. 122,123. Engytatus modestus. 122. Left paramere, dorsal
view. 123. Genital capsule. 124,125. Macrolophus basicornis. 124. Left paramere, dorsal view. 125.
Vesica.
128
126 127
130
129
132 133
131
Figs. 126-133. Male genitalia. 126, 127. Macrolophus praeclarus. 126. Left paramere, dorsal view.
127. Vesica. 128-130. Nesidiocoris tenuis. 128. Left paramere. 129. Genital capsule. 130. Aguayomiris
pallipes, left and right paremeres in situ. 131-133. Cubanomiris pilosus (Redrawn after Hernndez
and Stonedahl, 1996). 131. Left paramere, dorsal view. 132. Right paramere, dorsal view. 133. Vesica.
134 135
136
137 138
139
Figs. 134-139. Male genitalia. 134-136. Cyrtocapsus caligineus. 134. Left paramere, dorsal view. 135.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 136. Vesica. 137-139. C. femoralis. 137. Left paramere, dorsal view. 138.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 139. Vesica.
140 141 142
143
144 145
Figs. 140-145. Male genitalia. 140-142. Eurycipitia clarus. 140. Left paramere, dorsal view. 141. Right
paramere, dorsal view. 142. Vesica. 143-145. Heterocoris dilatatus. 143. Left paramere, dorsal view.
144. Right paramere, dorsal view. 145. Vesica.
146 147
148
149
150 151
152
154
153
Figs. 146-154. Male genitalia. 146-148. Notolobus dimidiatus. 146. Left paramere, dorsal view. 147.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 148. Vesica. 149-151. Pycnoderes angustatus. 149. Left paramere,
dorsal view. 150. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 151. Right paramere, ventral view. 152-154.
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus. 152. Left paramere, dorsal view. 153. Right paramere, dorsolateral
view. 154. Right paramere, ventral view.
155
156
157
158 159
160
161
165
163 164
162
Figs. 155-165. Male genitalia. 155-157. Pycnoderes vanduzei. 155. Left paramere, dorsal view. 156.
Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 157. Right paramere, ventral view. 158-160. Pycnoderes similaris.
158. Left paramere, dorsal view. 159. Right paramere, dorsolateral view. 160. Right paramere,
apically. 161, 162. Pycnoderiella insularis. 161. Left paramere, dorsal view. 162. Right paramere,
dorsal view. 163-165. Sysinas centralis. 163. Left paramere, dorsal view. 164. Right paramere, dorsal
view. 165. Vesica.
167
166 169
168
171 173
172
170
174 175 176
Figs. 166-176. Male genitalia. 166-169. Fulvius anthocoroides (Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1994).
166. Left paramere. 167. Right paramere. 168. Phallotheca. 169. Vesica. 170-173. Fuvius bisbistillatus
(Redrawn after Carvalho and Costa, 1994). 170. Left paramere.171. Right paramere. 172. Phallotheca.
173. Vesica. 174-176. Fulvius cavernus. 174. Left paramere, dorsal view. 175. Right paramere, ventral
view. 176. Vesica.
177
178
179
181
180
182
184
183
185
186
Figs. 177-186. Male genitalia. 177-179. Ambracius durfouri. 177. Left paramere, dorsal view. 178. Right
paramere, ventral view. 179. Vesica. 180-182. Diplozona collaris. 180. Left paramere, dorsal view.
181. Right paramere, ventral view. 182. Vesica. 183, 184. Hyaliodes vittaticornis. 183. Left paramere,
dorsal view. 184. Right paramere, ventral view. 185, 186. Paracarniella cubana. 185. left paramere,
dorsal view. 186. Right paramere, ventral view.
188
187
189
191 190
193
192
194
195 196
Figs. 187-196. Male genitalia. 187-190. Paracarnus myersi. 187. Left paramere, dorsal view.188.
Right paramere, ventral view. 189. Vesica. 190. Head and pronotum of the nymph (Redrawn after
China, 1931). 191-193. Paracarnus puncticollis. 191. Left paramere, dorsal view. 192. Right paramere,
ventral view. 193. Vesica. 194-196. Eustictus soroaensis. 194. Left paramere, dorsal view. 195. Right
paramere, ventral view. 196. Vesica.
198
197
199 200
201
203
202
204
205
206
207
Figs. 197-207. Male genitalia. 197, 198. Diphleps henryi (Redrawn after Hernndez, 1993). 197.
Left paramere, dorsal view. 198. Right paramere, ventral view. 199-201. D. maldonadoi. 199. Left
paramere, dorsal view. 200. Right paramere, dorsal view. 201. Vesica. 202-204. Adelphocoris
rapidus. 202. Left paramere, dorsal view. 203. Right paramere, ventral view. 204. Vesica. 205-207.
Creontiades debilis. 205. Left paramere, dorsal view. 206. Right paramere, dorsal view. 207. Vesica.
208
209
210
214
213
211
212
215 216 217
Figs 208-217. Male genitalia. 208-210. Creontiades rubrinervis. 208. Left paramere, dorsal view.
209. Right paramere, dorsal view. 210. Vesica. 211-212. Dagbertus fasciatus (Redrawn after Leston,
1979). 211. Left paramere. 212. Right paramere. 213, 214. D. olivaceus (Redrawn after Leston, 1979).
213. Left paramere. 214. Right paramere. 215-217. Derophthalma elongata. 215. Left paramere,
ventrolateral view. 216. Right paramere, dorsal view. 217. Vesica.
218
219 220
225
221 222 223 224
226
227 228 229
Figs 218-229. Male genitalia. 218-220. Derophthalma guantanamoensis. 218. Left paramere,
ventralateral view. 219. Right paramere, ventral view. 220. Vesica. 221-225. Derophthalmoides
multimaculatus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1986). 221. Left paramere, lateroventral view. 222.
Left paramere, dorsal view. 223. Right paramere, dorsal view. 224. Right paramere, lateral view.
225. Vesica. 226-229. Horcias multilineatus. 226. Left paramere, ventral view. 227. Right paramere,
ventral view. 228. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 229. Vesica.
232
231
230
235
234
233
238
237
236
Figs. 230-238. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997). 230-232. Phytocoris
angustifrons. 230. Left paramere, dorsal view. 231. Right paramere, dorsal view. 232. Vesica. 233-
235. Phytocoris armasi. 233. Left paramere, dorsal view. 234. Right paramere, dorsolateral. 235.
Vesica. 236-238. Phytocoris banderai. 236. Left paramere, dorsal view. 237. Right paramere, dorsal
view. 238. Vesica.
241
243
239 240
242
245
246
244
248 249
247
Figs. 239-249. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Stonedahl, 1997a). 239-241. Phytocoris
cubensis. 239. Left paramere, dorsal view. 240. Right paramere, dorsal view. 241. Vesica. 242, 243.
Phytocoris iani. 242. Left paramere, dorsal view. 243. Vesica. 244-246. Phytocoris similaris. 244.
Left paramere, dorsal view. 245. Right paramere, dorsal view. 246. Vesica. 247-249. Phytocoris
turquinensis. 247. Left paramere, dorsal view. 248. Right paramere, dorsal view. 249. Vesica.
250
251 252
254
253
257
255 256
Figs. 250-257. Male genitalia. 250-252. Polymerus testaceipes. 250. Left paramere, dorsal view. 251.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 252. Vesica. 253, 254. Proba distanti. 253. Left paramere, dorsal view.
254. Phallotheca and vesica. 255-257. Taylorilygus apicalis. 255. Left paramere, dorsal view. 256.
Right paramere, dorsal view. 257. Vesica.
258
259 260
262
261
263
264
265 266 267
268 269 270
Figs. 258-270. Male genitalia. 258-261. Prepops atripennis. 258. Left paramere, dorsal view. 259.
Right paramere, ventral view. 260. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 261. Vesica. 262-264. Prepops
cruciferus. 262. Left paramere, dorsal view. 263. Right paramere, dorsal view. 264. vesica. 265-267.
Prepops cubanus (Redrawn after Carvalho and Schaffner, 1974). 265. Left paramere, dorsal view.
266. Right paramere, ventral view. 267. Vesica. 268-270. P. latipennis. 268. Left paramere, dorsal
view. 269. Right paramere, ventral view. 270. Vesica.
271
272
273
276
274
275
277 278 279
Figs. 271-279. Male genitalia. 271-273. Prepops maldonadoi. 271. Left paramere, dorsal view. 272.
Right paramere, ventral view. 273. Vesica. 274-276. P. candelariensis. 274. Left paramere, dorsal
view. 275. Right paramere, ventral view. 276. Vesica. 277-279. P. santiaguenis. 277. Left paramere,
dorsal view. 278. Right paramere, ventral view. 279. Vesica.
280
281
282 283
284
285
286
289
287 288
290
291 293
294
292
Figs. 280-294. Male genitalia. 280-283. Collaria oleosa (Redrawn after Carvalho and Fontes, 1981).
280. Left paramere. 281. Right paramere. 282. Sclerotized process of the vesica. 283. Vesica. 284-
286. Dolichomiris linearis. 284. Left paramere, dorsal view. 285. Right paramere, ventral view. 286.
Vesica. 287-289. Neotropicomiris moaensis. 287. Left paramere, dorsal view. 288. Right paramere,
dorsal view. 289. Vesica. 290-294. Trigonotylus tenuis (Redrawn after Carvalho and Gross, 1980).
290. Genital capsule, lateral view. 291. Left paramere, dorsal view. 292. Left paramere, lateral view.
293. Right paramere, right view. 294. View.
296 297
295
298 300
299
302
301
Figs. 295-302. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Henry, 1999). 295-301. Ceratocapsus
alayoi. 295. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 296. Left paramere, lateral aspect rotated 180. 297.
Phallotheca. 298. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 299. Right paramere, lateral aspect rotated 180.
300. Vesica. 201. Genital capsule. 302. Ceratocapsus avelinae. Genital capsule.
303 304 305
306
308
307
310
309
Figs 303-310. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Henry, 1999). 303-305. Ceratocapsus
avelinae. 303. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 304. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 305. Vesica. 306-
310. Ceratocapsus cubanus. 306. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 307. Left paramere, lateral aspect
rotated 180 . 308. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 309. Right paramere, rotated 180 . 310. Vesica.
311 312 313
315
316
314
Figs. 311-316. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Henry, 1999). Ceratocapsus holguinensis.
311. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 312. Left paramere, lateral aspect 180 . 313. Right paramere,
lateral aspect. 314. Genital capsule. 315. Vesica. 316. Phallotheca.
319
317 318
320
321 322 323
Figs. 317-323. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Hernndez and Henry, 1999). 317-320. Ceratocapsus
punctulatus. 317. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 318. Right paramere, lateral aspect. 319. Genital
capsule. 320. Vesica. 321-323. C. stonedahli. 321. Left paramere, lateral aspect. 322. Right paramere,
lateral aspect. 323. Vesica.
324
325
326
327 328
329
330
333
331 332
Figs. 324-333. Male genitalia. 324-326. Halticus bractatus (Redrawn after Henry, 1983). 324. Left
paramere, ventral view. 325. Right paramere, ventral view. 326. Vesica. 327-329. Falconia jamaicensis.
327. Left paramere, ventral view. 328. Right paramere, ventral view. 329. Vesica. 330, 331. Adult
male antennal segments I and II (Redrawn after Henry, 1978) 330. Hyalochloria caviceps. 331. H.
unicolor. 332, 333. Itacoris trimaculatus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1969). 332. Left paramere,
dorsal view. 333. Right paramere, dorsal view.
334 335
338
337
336
340
339
Figs. 334-340. Male genitalia. 334, 335. Jobertus chryselectrus (Redrawn after Maldonado, 1969).
334. Left paramere, dorsal view. 335. Right paramere, dorsal view. 336-338. Sericophanes parviceps
(Redrawn after Carvalho, 1944). 336. Left paramere, ventral view. 337. Right paramere, ventral
view. 338. Vesica. 339, 340. Tytthus neotropicalis (Redrawn after Carvalho and Southwood, 1955).
339. Left paramere, dorsal view. 340. Right paramere, ventral view.
341 342
343
346
344 345
Figs. 341-346. Male genitalia. 341-343. Tytthus parviceps. 341. Left paramere, dorsal view. 342. Right
paramere, ventral view. 343. Vesica. 344-346. Platyscytus binotatus. 344. Left paramere, dorsal
view. 345. Right paramere, ventral view. 346. Vesica.
347
348
349 350
351
352
354
353 355
Figs. 347-355. Male genitalia. 347-350. Reuteroscopus hamatus (Redrawn after Kelton, 1964). 347.
Left paramere, dorsal view. 348. Right paramere, dorsal view. 349. Genital capsule, lateral view.
350. Vesica. 351-353. Reuteroscopus ornatus (Redrawn after Kelton, 1964). 351. Left paramere,
dorsal view. 352. Right paramere, ventral view. 353. Vesica. 354, 355. Rhinacloa basalis. 354. Left
paramere. 355. Vesica.
356 357
358
359 360
361 362
Figs. 356-362. Male genitalia (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1985). 356-358. Rhinacloa cardini.
356. Left paramere, dorsal view. 357. Left paramere, dorsolateral view. 358. Vesica. 359, 360. R.
clavicornis. 359. Left paramere, dorsal view. 360. Vesica. 361, 362. R. pallidipes. 361. Left paramere,
dorsolateral view. 362. Vesica.
364
363 366
365
367
368
370
369
371 372 373
Figs. 363-373. Male genitalia. 363-366. Pseudatomoscelis insularis (Redrawn after Henry, 1991). 363.
Left paramere, dorsal view. 364. Right paramere, lateral view. 365. Phallotheca. 366. Vesica. 367-
370. Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Redrawn after Henry, 1991). 367. Left paramere, dorsal view. 368.
Right paramere, lateral view. 369. Phallotheca. 370. Vesica. 371-373. Spanagonicus albofasciatus.
371. Left paramere, dorsal view. 372. Right paramere, ventral view. 373. Vesica.
374 375 376b
376a
377 378
380
381 379
383
382
384 385
Figs. 374-385. Male genitalia. 374-376. Pilophorus maldonadoi. 374. Left paramere, ventral view.
375. Left paramere, ventrolateral view. 376. Vesica (a, lateral view; b, detail of lateral process). 377,
378. Sthenaridea araguaina. 377. Left paramere, lateral view. 378. Vesica. 379, 380. Sthenaridea
carvalhoi (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1988). 379. Left paramere, lateral view. 380. Vesica.
381-383. Sthenaridea maldonadoi (Redrawn after Schuh and Schwartz, 1988). 381. Left paramere,
lateral view. 382, 383 (rotated). Vesica. 384, 385. Sthenaridea vulgaris. 384. Left paramere, lateral
view. 385. Vesica.
INDEX TO INSECT NAMES
*Currently used names in Roman; synonyms, misidentifications, and obsolete combinations in

italics; currently used names above genus capitalized; valid genera in bold. Page numbers for
principal entries in bold when multiple pages occur.
Acanthia pallicornis Fabricius 110 armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78,
Adelphocoris Reuter 19, 64, 65 80, 82
Adelphocoris rapidus (Say) 65 atomophorus Reuter, Psallus 127
Adfalconia bicolor Maldonado 19, 113, 114 Atomoscelis seriatus Reuter 127
Aguayomiris Maldonado 32, 34, 39 Atractotomus rubidus (Uhler) 141
Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado 32, 33, 140 atripennis Platytylellus 91
alayoi Hernndez and Henry, Ceratocapsus 104, 105 atripennis (Reuter), Prepops 91, 95
albofasciatus Reuter, Cyrtopeltocoris 121, 122 atripennis Reuter, Resthenia 91
albofasciatus Reuter, Leucopoecila 134 aureus Distant, Pandama 29
albofasciatus (Reuter), Spanagonicus 134 avocado lace bug 59
albofasciatus, Spanogonicus 134 avelinae Maldonado, Ceratocapsus 105, 107
albomaculatus Distant, Fulvius 46 banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78,
alternus Walker, Capsus 49 80, 81
Ambracius Stl 49 basalis, Polymerus 84
Ambracius dufouri Stl 49 basalis (Reuter), Polymerus 84, 140
americanus Wagner and Slater, Monalocoris 24, 25 basalis (Reuter), Rhinacloa 130, 131
angustatus Reuter, Pycnoderes 39 basalis Reuter, Sthenarus 131
angustifrons Knight, Phytocoris 77, 78, 82 basicornis Stl, Deraeocoris 29
ants 20 basicornis (Stl), Macrolophus 28, 29
anthocorides, Fulvius 45 bicolor Maldonado, Adfalconia 113, 114
anthocorides Stl, Fulvius 45 bilineatus Distant, Eioneus 99
anthocoroides (Reuter), Fulvius 45 binotatus Reuter, Platyscytus 125, 126
anthocoroides Reuter, Teratodella 45 bis-bistillatus Stl, Cylapus 46
aphids 27, 28, 54, 56 bisbistillatus (Stl), Fulvius 46
apicalis Fieber, Lygus 86 bisbitillatus, Fulvius 46
apicalis (Fieber), Taylorilygus 86, 141 Bolteria semipictus Blatchley 70
araguaiana, Paramixia 137 bractatus Say, Capsus 110
araguaiana Carvalho, Rhinacloa 137 bractatus (Say), Halticus 110
araguaiana (Carvalho), Sthenaridea 137, 138 bracteatus, Halticus 110
ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 79 brevicornis Reuter, Fulvius 45
brevipes, Trigonotylus 101 Ceratocapsus lutescens Reuter 103

breviusculus Reuter, Phytocoris 80 Ceratocapsus parallelus Maldonado 107, 108
brunnipunctatus Maldonado, Eustictus 57 Ceratocapsus punctulatus (Reuter) 105, 106
BRYOCORINAE 22, 23 Ceratocapsus stonedahli Hernndez and Henry
BRYOCORINI 23, 24 104, 108
butterflies 19 chilena Carvalho and Gomes, Derophthalma 72
caduca Distant, Falconia 112 chryselectrus Distant, Jobertus 117, 118
caligineus Stl, Capsus 34 Cimex clavatus Linnaeus 135
caligneus, Cyrtocapsus 35 Cimex filicis Linnaeus 24
caligineus (Stl), Cyrtocapsus 34 Cimex populi Linnaeus 76
Calondas Distant 64, 66 Cimex ruficornis Geoffroy 101
Calondas fasciatus Distant 66, 67 Cimex seticornis Fabricius 65
Calondas superbus Distant 66 circummaculatus, Prepops 94
Campylomma cardini Bruner 132 citri Ashmead, Rhinocloa 110
candelariensis Hernndez and Henry, Prepops 91, clarus (Distant), Eurycipitia 36, 37
92, 95 clarus Distant, Sysinas 36
Capellanus Distant 118, 119 clavatus Linnaeus, Cimex 135
Capellanus sparsus 118, 119 clavicornis (Reuter), Rhinacloa 130, 132
Capsus alternus Walker 49 clavicornis Reuter, Sthenarus 132
Capsus bractatus Say 110 CLIVINEMATINI 48
Capsus caligineus Stl 35 cocoa thrips 60
Capsus darwini Butler 68 COLEOPTERA 20
Capsus dimidiatus Gurin-Menville 38 Collaria Provancher 19, 96
Capsus geminus Flor 122 Collaria explicata Uhler 97, 98
Capsus geminus Say 122 Collaria husseyi Carvalho 97, 98
Capsus nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer 28 Collaria meilleurii Provancher 96
Capsus rapidus Say 65 Collaria oleosa (Distant) 97, 98
Capsus vitripennis Say 52 collaris, Diplozoma 51
CARABIDAE 20 collaris Van Duzee, Diplozona 51
cardinalis Uhler, Tropidosteptes 87 conspersipes Reuter, Phytocoris 82
cardini Barber and Bruner, Campylomma 132 costae, Cyrtorhinus 123
cardini (Barber and Bruner), Rhinacloa 15, 130, 132 Creontiades Distant 19, 64, 67
carvalhoi Henry, Proboscidotylus 120 Creontiades debilis Van Duzee 67
carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz, Sthenaridea 137, 138 Creontiades rubrinervis (Stl) 67, 68
castanea Carvalho, Rhinacloa 131 crucifer, Prepops 92
cavernus Hernndez and Henry, Fulvius 45, 46 crucifer Berg, Resthenia 92
caviceps Reuter, Hyalochloria 114, 115, 116 cruciferus (Berg), Prepops 91, 92, 93
centralis Distant, Sysinas 43, 44 Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl 19, 31, 33
CERATOCAPSINI 103 Cubanomiris pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl 33, 34
Ceratocapsus Reuter 15, 19, 103 cubanus Bergroth, Ceratocapsus 104, 106
Ceratocapsus alayoi Hernndez and Henry 104, 105 cubanus Poppius, Cyrtopeltocoris 121, 122
Ceratocapsus avelinae Maldonado 105, 107 cubanus Bruner, Paracarnus 53
Ceratocapsus cubanus Bergroth 104, 107 cubanus (Bruner), Paracarniella 53, 60
Ceratocapsus holguinensis Hernndez and Henry cubanus Hernndez and Henry, Pilophorus 135
104, 107 cubanus Carvalho and Schaffer, Prepops 90, 93
cubanus Hernndez and Henry, Tropidosteptes 87, 88 DICYPHINI 23, 25

cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 81 dilatata, Heterocoris 37
cuneatus Polymerus 83 dilatatus Gurin-Menville, Heterocoris 15, 37, 38
cyaneus Knight, Heterocoris 37, 38 dillatatus, Heterocoris 37
CYLAPINAE 22, 44 dimidiatus Gurin-Menville, Capsus 38
Cylapus bis-bistillatus Stl 46 dimidiatus (Gurin-Menville), Notolobus 15, 38
Cylloceps pellicia Uhler 123, 124 DIPHLEBINI 60
Cyrtocapsus Reuter 32, 34, 39, 140 Diphleps Bergroth 15, 60, 61
Cyrtocapsus caligneus 35 Diphleps henryi Hernndez 61, 62
Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stl) 34, 35, 36 Diphleps maldonadoi Henry 61, 62
Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter 34, 36 Diphleps unica Bergroth 61, 62
Cyrtopeltis Fieber 26 Diplozoma collaris 51
Cyrtopeltis modesta 26 Diplozona Van Duzee 51
Cyrtopeltis, varians 28 Diplozona collaris Van Duzee 51
Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter 28 dipteran eggs 27
Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter 19, 121 dipteran larvae 31
Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus Reuter 121, 122 distanti Atkinson, Lygus 85
Cyrtopeltocoris cubanus Poppius 121, 122 distant (Atkinson), Proba 85
Cyrtorhinus costae 123 diversus Knight, Phytocoris 82
Cyrtorhinus neotropicalis Carvalho 123 doddi Distant, Megaloceroea 101, 102
Cyrtorhinus parviceps Reuter 123, 124 doddi, Trigonotylus 101
Cyrtorhinus pubescens Knight 122 dohertyi Distant, Megaloceroea 101, 102
Dagbertus Distant 64, 68 dohertyi, Trigonotylus 100
Dagbertus fasciatus (Reuter) 69, 70 Dolichomiris Reuter 96, 98
Dagbertus olivaceus (Reuter) 69, 70 Dolichomiris gutticornis Blatchley 99
Dagbertus parafasciatus Maldonado 70 Dolichomiris linearis Reuter 98, 102
Dagbertus sallei 85, 86 dominicana Carvalho and Gomes, Derophthalma 72
Dagbertus semipictus (Blatchley) 69, 70 dufouri Stl, Ambracius 49
darwini Butler, Capsus 68 ECCRITOTARSINA 23
debilis Van Duzee, Creontiades 67 ECCRITOTARSINI 23, 31
DERAEOCORINAE 22, 47 Eccritotarsus splendens Distant 36
DERAEOCORINI 48, 50 Eioneus bilineatus Distant 99
Deraeocoris basicornis Stl 29 elongata Hernndez and Henry, Derophthalma 71, 72
Deraeocoris testaceipes Stl 83 elongatus Distant, Paracarnus 54
Derophthalma Berg 19, 64, 71, 141 Engytatus Reuter 15, 26
Derophthalma chilena Carvalho and Gomes 72 Engytatus geniculatus Reuter 26
Derophthalma dominicana Carvalho and Gomes 72 Engytatus modestus (Distant) 26, 30
Derophthalma elongata Hernndez and Henry 71, 72 Engytatus varians (Distant) 26
Derophthalma guantanamoensis Hernndez and Episcopus ornatus Reuter 128, 129
Henry 71, 72, 73 Eurycipitia Reuter 19, 32, 36
Derophthalma reuteri Berg 71 Eurycipitia clarus (Distant) 36, 37
Derophthalmoides Maldonado 19, 64, 74 Eurycipitia splendens 36, 37
Derophthalmoides multimaculatus Maldonado 74 Eustictus Reuter 57
DICYPHINA 23 Eustictus brunnipunctatus Maldonado 57
DICYPHINAE 25 Eustictus soroaensis Hernndez and Henry 57, 58
explicata Uhler, Collaria 97, 98 Halticus uhleri Giard 110

Falconia Distant 111, 112 hamatus Kelton, Reuteroscopus 128, 129
Falconia caduca Distant 112 Heliothus virescens Fabricius 30
Falconia intermedia (Distant) 112 Heidemanni Poppius, Sericophanes 109
Falconia jamaicensis Carvalho 112, 113 Hemisphaerodella Reuter 34
Falconia semirasa (Distant) 112, 113 Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter 35
filicis Linnaeus, Cimex 24 henryi Hernndez, Diphleps 61, 62
filicis Monalocoris 24, 25 Heterocoris Gurin-Menville 19, 31, 37
fasciatus Distant, Calondos 66 Heterocoris cyaneus Knight 37, 38
fasciatus (Reuter), Dagbertus 69, 70 Heterocoris dilatata 37
fasciatus Reuter, Lygus 69 Heterocoris dilatatus Gurin-Menville 15, 37
femoralis Reuter, Cyrtocapsus 34, 35, 36 Heterocoris dillatatus 37
filicis (Linnaeus), Monalocoris 25 holguinensis Hernndez and Henry, Ceratocapsus
forticornis Reuter, Rhinacloa 130 104, 107
frogs 20 holosericeus Hahn, Polymerus 83
frontalis Reuter, Resthenia 90 Horcias Distant 63, 74
FULVIINI 44 Horcias multilineatus Hernndez and Henry 75
Fulvius Stl 19, 44 Horcias variegatus Distant 74
Fulvius albomaculatus Distant 46 husseyi, Collaria 97
Fulvius anthocorides 44, 45 husseyi Carvalho, Collaria 97
Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter) 45 Hyaliodes Reuter 52, 53, 54
Fulvius bisbitillatus 46 Hyaliodes vittaticornis Bruner 52
Fulvius bisbistillatus (Stl) 45, 46 HYALIODINI 48, 51
Fulvius brevicornis Reuter 45 Hyalochloria Reuter 111, 114
Fulvius cavernus Hernndez and Henry 45, 46 Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter 114, 115, 116
Fulvius lunulatus Uhler 46 Hyalochloria unicolor Reuter 114, 115, 116
Fundanius maculatus Distant 49 Hyalodes vittaticornis 52
Fundanius marginatus Distant 49 iani Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 81
Fundanius rubricosus Distant 49 imias Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 77, 81
geminus Flor, Capsus 122 insignis, Sixeonotus 33
geminus Say, Capsus 122 insignis Reuter, Sixeonotus 33, 140
geniculatus Reuter, Engytatus 26 insularis Henry, Pseudatomoscelis 127
gisseleae Grillo, Termatophylidea 60 insularis Henry, Pycnoderiella 43
godmani Distant, Lygus 86, 87 intermedia (Distant), Falconia 112
gracilis Distant, Proba 85 ISOMETOPINAE 22, 60
grossum Uhler, Megacoelum 57 Itacoris Carvalho 19, 112, 116
guantanamoensis Hernndez and Henry, Itacoris nigrioculis Carvalho 116
Derophthalma 71, 72, 73 Itacoris trimaculatus Maldonado 116
gutticornis Blatchley, Dolichomiris 99 jamaicensis Carvalho, Falconia 113
HALLODAPINI 120, 121 Jobertus Distant 112, 116, 117, 118
HALTICINI 102, 109 Jobertus chryselectrus Distant 117
Halticus Hahn 110 Jornandes semirasus Distant 113
Halticus bracteatus 110 Jornandes vulgaris Distant 139
Halticus bractatus (Say) 110 latipennis (Stl), Prepops 113
Halticus minutus Uhler 110 latipennis Stl, Resthenia 90, 93
latipennis, Opistheuria 93 Miris ruficornis Falln 101

Lepidopsallus pusilla Knight 131 mites 28
Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhler) 141 moaensis Hernndez and Henry, Neotropicomiris 100
lepidopteran eggs 27 modesta, Cyrtopeltis 26
lepidopteran larvae 31 modestus (Distant), Engytatus 26, 30
LEUCOPHOROPTERINI 121, 122 modesta Distant, Neosilia 26, 27
Leucopoecila albofasciatus Reuter 134 Monalocoris Dalhbom 19, 24
linearis Reuter, Dolichomiris 98, 99, 102 Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater 24, 25
linearis Distant, Sysinas 43 Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus) 24, 25
Liocoris puncticollis Motschulsky 56 MONOLONIINA 23
Lopus militaris Uhler 92, 93 multilineatus Hernndez and Henry, Horcias 75
lunulatus Uhler, Fulvius 46 multimaculatus Maldonado, Derophthalmoides 74
lutescens Reuter, Ceratocapsus 103 myersi China, Paracarnus 54, 55, 60
Lygaeoidea 20 Neoborella Knight 89
Lygus apicalis Fieber 86 Neofurius puncticollis 56
Lygus distanti Atkinson 85 Neoproba varians Distant 27
Lygus fasciatus Reuter 69 Neosilia modesta Distant 26, 27
Lygus godmani Distant 86, 87 neotropicalis Carvalho, Cyrtorhinus 123
Lygus olivaceus Reuter 70 neotropicalis (Carvalho), Tytthus 122, 123
Lygus scutellatus Distant 85 Neotropicomiris Carvalho and Fontes 96, 99
Lygus simonyi Reuter 86 Neotropicomiris moaensis Hernndez and Henry 100
Lygus sparsus Distant 118 Neotropicomiris pilosus Carvalho and Fontes 99, 100
Macrolophus Fieber 15, 19, 25, 28 Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy 15, 25, 27, 30
Macrolophus basicornis (Stl) 28, 29 Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) 30
Macrolophus praeclarus (Distant) 28, 29 Nesidiocoris volucer Kirkaldy 30
maculatus Distant, Fundanius 49 nigrioculis Carvalho, Itacoris 116
maestralis Bruner, Paracarnus 56 nigrosquamus (Maldonado), Proboscidotylus 120
maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris nigrosquamus Maldonado, Parthenicus 120
77, 82 Notolobus Reuter 19, 31, 38
maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes, Prepops 91, 94 Notolobus dimidiatus (Gurin-Menville) 15, 38
maldonadoi Henry, Diphleps 61, 62 nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer, Capsus 28
maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, Sthenaridea 138 ocellatus Reuter, Sericophanes 109
marginatus Distant, Fundanius 49 oculatus (Reuter), Tropidosteptes 87
mealybugs 27 ODONIELLINA 23
Megacoelum grossum Uhler 57 oleosa (Distant), Collaria 97, 98
Megacoelum rubrinerve Stl 67, 68 oleosus Distant, Trachelomiris 97
Megaloceroea doddi Distant 101 olivaceus (Reuter), Dagbertus 69, 70
Megaloceroea dohertyi Distant 101 olivaceus Reuter, Lygus 70
megalopsis Blatchley, Phytocoris 79 Opistheuria latipennis 93
meilleurii Provancher, Collaria 96 ornatus Reuter, Episcopus 128, 129
militaris Uhler, Lopus 92, 93 ornatus (Reuter), Reuteroscopus 128, 129, 130
minutus Uhler, Halticus 110 ORTHOTYLINAE 22, 102
mirabilis Reuter, Hemisphaerodella 35 ORTHOTYLINI 103, 111
MIRINAE 22, 62 orizicola (Muir), Sogatodes 124
MIRINI 63 PALAUCORINA 23
pallicornis Fabricius, Acanthia 110 Phytocoris cubensis Hernndez and Stonedahl 78, 81
pallida Reuter, Rhinacloa 131 Phytocoris diversus Knight 78, 82
pallidipes Maldonado, Rhinacloa 130, 131 Phytocoris iani Hernndez and Stonedahl 78, 81
pallidulus Blanchard, Phytocoris 86 Phytocoris imias Hernndez and Stonedahl 77, 81
pallidulus, Taylorilygus 86 Phytocoris maestrensis Hernndez and Stonedahl
pallipes Maldonado, Aguayomiris 33, 140 77, 82
pallipes Distant, Pirithous 35 Phytocoris megalopsis Blatchley 79
Pandama aureus Distant 29 Phytocoris pallidulus Blanchard 86
Pandama praeclara Distant 29 Phytocoris parvus Knight 80
pannosa Distant, Resthenia 93, 94 Phytocoris pinicola Knight 78, 82
Paracarniella Henry and Ferreira 52, 53, 54 Phytocoris pseudonymus Blatchley 79
Paracarniella cubana (Bruner) 53, 60 Phytocoris pygmaeus Rambur 28
Paracarnus Distant 52, 53 Phytocoris similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl 78, 82
Paracarnus cubanus Bruner 53 Phytocoris turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl
Paracarnus elongatus Distant 54 77, 83
Paracarnus maestralis Bruner 56 PILOPHORINI 121, 134
Paracarnus myersi China 54, 55, 60 Pilophorus Hahn 19, 135
Paracarnus puncticollis (Motschulsky) 54, 56 Pilophorus cubanus Hernndez and Henry 135
Paracarnus yersi 55 pilosa Reuter and Poppius, Termatophylidea 59, 60
parafasciatus Maldonado, Dagbertus 70 pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl, Cubanomiris
parallelus Maldonado, Ceratocapsus 107 33, 34
Paramixia araguaiana 137 pilosus Carvalho and Fontes, Neotropicomiris 99, 100
Paramixa polita 139 pinicola Knight, Phytocoris 78, 82
Parthenicus Reuter 112, 118, 128 Pirithous pallipes Distant 35
Parthenicus nigrosquamus Maldonado 120 Platynus Bonelli 70,
Parthenicus psalliodes Reuter 118 Platyscytus Reuter 124, 125
Parthenicus sparsus (Distant) 118 Platyscytus binotatus Reuter 124, 125
parviceps Reuter, Cyrtorhinus 123, 124 Platytylellus atripennis 91
parviceps Poppius, Sericophanes 109 plebejus Reuter, Sthenarus 139
parviceps (Reuter), Tytthus 122, 123 polita, Paramixia 139
parvus Knight, Phytocoris 80 politus Uhler, Psallus 139
pellicia Uhler, Cylloceps 123, 124 Polymerus Hahn 19, 64, 83
Perkinsiella sacccaricola Kirkaldy 124 Polymerus basalis 84
perseae (Heidemann), Pseudacysta 59 Polymerus basalis (Reuter) 84, 140
PHYLINAE 120 Polymerus cuneatus 83
PHYLINI 121, 124 Polymerus holosericeus Hahn 83
Phytocoris Falln 15, 19, 64, 74 Polymerus testaceipes (Stl) 83, 140
Phytocoris angustifrons Knight 77, 78, 79, 82 populi Linnaeus, Cimex 76
Phytocoris ariadnae Hernndez and Stonedahl 77, 79 praeclara Distant, Pandama 29
Phytocoris armasi Hernndez and Stonedahl 78, praeclarus (Distant), Macrolophus 28, 29
80, 82 Prepops Reuter 90
Phytocoris banderae Hernndez and Stonedahl 78, Prepops atripennis (Reuter) 91, 95
80, 81 Prepops candelariensis Hernndez and Henry 91, 95
Phytocoris breviusculus Reuter 80 Prepops circummaculatus 94
Phytocoris conspersipes Reuter 82 Prepops crucifer 92
Prepops cruciferus (Berg) 91, 92 quadrimaculatus (Gurin-Menville), Pycnoderes

Prepops cubanus Carvalho and Schaffner 90, 93 15, 39, 40
Prepops latipennis (Stl) 90, 93 rapidus (Say), Adelphocoris 65
Prepops maldonadoi Carvalho and Fontes 91, 94 rapidus Say, Capsus 65
Prepops rubrovittatus (Stl) 90 red-banded thrips 60
Prepops santiagoensis Hernndez and Henry 90, 95 Resthenia atripennis Reuter 91
Proba Distant 64, 69, 85 Resthenia crucifera Berg 92
Proba distanti (Atkinson) 85 Resthenia frontalis Reuter 90
Proba gracilis Distant 85 Resthenia latipennis Stl 93
Proba sallei 86, 87 Resthenia pannosa Distant 93, 94
Proba sallei (Stl) 140, 141 RESTHENIINI 63, 89
Proboscidotylus Henry 112, 119 reuteri Berg, Derophthalma 71
Proboscidotylus carvalhoi Henry 119 Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy 19, 128, 129
Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis (Maldonado) 120 Reuteroscopus hamatus Kelton 128, 129
provincialis Berg, Spanagonicus 134 Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter) 128, 129, 130
psalliodes Reuter, Parthenicus 118 Rhinacloa Reuter 130
Psallus atomophorus Reuter 127 Rhinacloa araguaiana Carvalho 137
Psallus politus Uhler 139 Rhinacloa basalis (Reuter) 130, 131
Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) 59 Rhinacloa cardini (Barber and Bruner) 15, 130, 132
Pseudatomoscelis Poppius 19, 126 Rhinacloa castanea Carvalho 130, 132
Pseudatomoscelis insularis Henry 124, 126, 127 Rhinacloa clavicornis (Reuter) 130
Pseudatomoscelis seriata (Reuter) 119, 126, 127 Rhinacloa forticornis Reuter 130
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus 127 Rhinacloa pallida Reuter 131
pseudonymus Blatchley, Phytocoris 79 Rhinacloa pallidipes Maldonado 130, 133
pubescens Knight, Cyrtorhinus 122 Rhinacloa punctipes Maldonado 133
puncticollis Motschulsky, Liocoris 56 Rhinacloa pusilla 131
puncticollis, Neofurius 56 Rhinacloa subpallicornis Knight 132
puncticollis (Motschulsky), Paracarnus 54, 56 Rhinocloa citri Ashmead 110
punctipes Maldonado, Rhinacloa 133 rubidus (Uhler), Atractotomus 141
punctulatus (Reuter), Ceratocapsus 105, 106, 107, 108 rubidus, Lepidopsallus 141
punctulatus, Tiryus 107 rubricosus Distant, Fundanius 49
punctulatus Reuter, Trichia 107 rubrinerve Stl, Megacoelum 67, 68
pusilla Knight, Lepidopsallus 131 rubrinervis (Stl), Creontiades 67, 68
pusilla, Rhinacloa 131 rubrovittatus (Stl), Prepops 90
pusilla Reuter, Sthenaridea 137 rubrocinctus (Giard), Selenothrips 60
Pycnoderes Gurin-Menville 19, 32, 34, 39, 140 ruficornis Geoffroy, Cimex 101
Pycnoderes angustatus Reuter 39, 40 ruficornis Falln, Miris 101
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Gurin- Menville 15, sallei, Dagbertus 85, 86
39, 40 sallei, Proba 86,
Pycnoderes similaris Hernndez and Henry 40, 41 sallei (Stl), Proba 86, 140, 141
Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter 39, 42 santiagoensis Hernndez and Henry, Prepops 90
Pycnoderiella Henry 32, 39, 42 SATURNIOMIRINI 57
Pycnoderiella insularis Henry 43 scutellatus Distant, Lygus 85
Pycnoderiella virginiana Henry 42 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) 60
pymaeus Rambur, Phytocoris 28 semipictus Blatchley, Bolteria 70
semipictus (Blatchley), Dagbertus 70 SURINAMELLINI 48, 56

semirasa (Distant), Falconia 113 Sysinas Distant 32, 45
semirasus Distant, Jornandes 113 Sysinas centralis Distant 43, 44
seriata (Reuter), Pseudatomoscelis 119, 127 Sysinus clarus Distant 36
seriatus Reuter, Atomoscelis 127 Sysinas linearis Distant 43
seriatus, Pseudatomoscelis 127 Sysinas splendens Distant 37
Sericophanes Reuter 103, 109 Taylorilygus Leston 64, 69, 89
Sericophanes heidemanni Poppius 109 Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber) 86, 141
Sericophanes ocellatus Reuter 109 Taylorilygus pallidulus 86
Sericophanes parviceps Poppius 109 tenuis Reuter, Cyrtopeltis 30
seticornis Fabricius, Cimex 65 tenuis (Reuter), Nesidiocoris 27, 30
similaris Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris 78, 82 tenuis (Fieber), Trigonotylus 101, 102
similaris Hernndez and Henry, Pycnoderes 40, 41 Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter 45
simonyi Reuter, Lygus 86 Termatophylidea Reuter and Poppius 59, 60
Sixeonotus Reuter 32, 33, 34, 140 Termatophylidea gisselleae Grillo 60
Sixeonotus insignis 33 Termatophylidea pilosa Reuter and Poppius 59, 60
Sixeonotus insignis Reuter 140 TERMATOPHYLINI 47, 48, 58
Sogatodes orizicoloa (Muir) 124 testaceipes Stl, Deraeocoris 83
soroaensis Hernndez and Henry, Eustictus 58 testaceipes (Stl), Polymerus 83, 140
Spanagonicus Berg 134 thrips 31, 59
Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter) 134 Thysanoptera 60
Spanagonicus provincialis Berg 134 Tiryus punctulatus 107
Spanogonicus albofasciatus 134 Trachelomiris oleosus Distant 97
sparsus (Distant), Parthenicus 118, 119, 128 Trichia punctulatus Reuter 107
sparsus, Capellanus 118, 119, 128 Trichoptera 20
sparsus Distant, Lygus 118 Trigonotylus Fieber 19, 96, 101
splendens Distant, Eccritotarsus 36, 37 Trigonotylus brevipes 101
splendens, Eurycipitia 36 Trigonotylus doddi 101
splendens Distant, Sysinas 36, 37 Trigonotylus dohertyi 101
STENODEMINI 63, 95 Trigonotylus tenuis (Reuter) 101, 102
Sthenaridea Reuter 135, 137 trimaculatus Maldonado, Itacoris 116
Sthenaridea araguaiana (Carvalho) 137, 138 Tropidosteptes Uhler 64, 87
Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh and Schwartz 137, 138 Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler 87
Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz 137, Tropidosteptes cubanus Hernndez and Henry 87, 88
138, 139 Tropidosteptes oculatus (Reuter) 87
Sthenaridea pusilla Reuter 137 Tropidosteptes tumidus Hernndez and Henry 87,
Sthenaridea vulgaris (Distant) 137, 139, 140 88, 89
Sthenarus basalis Reuter 131 tumidus Hernndez and Henry, Tropidosteptes 87,
Sthenarus clavicornis Reuter 132 88, 89
Sthenarus plebejus Reuter 139 turquinensis Hernndez and Stonedahl, Phytocoris
stonedahli Hernndez and Henry, Ceratocapsus 77, 83
104, 108 Tytthus Fieber 122
subpallicornis Knight, Rhinacloa 132 Tytthus neotropicalis (Carvalho) 122, 123
sugarcane delphacid 124 Tytthus parviceps (Reuter) 122, 123
superbus Distant, Calondas 66 uhleri Giard, Halticus 110
unica Bergroth, Diphleps 61, 62 vitripennis Say, Capsus 52

unicolor Reuter, Hyalochloria 114, 115, 116 vittaticornis Bruner, Hyaliodes 52
vanduzeei Reuter, Pycnoderes 39, 42 vittaticornis, Hyalodes 52
varians, Cyrtopeltis 27 volucer Kirkaldy, Nesidiocoris 30
varians (Distant), Engytatus 27 vulgaris Distant, Jornandes 139
varians Distant, Neoproba 27 vulgaris (Distant), Sthenaridea 139,140
variegatus Distant, Horcias 74 whiteflies 28, 31
virescens (Fabricius), Heliothus 30 yersi, Paracarnus 55
virginiana Henry, Pycnoderiella 42
INDEX TO PLANT NAMES
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. [Fabaceae]) 111 Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir [Cucurbitaceae]
Amaranthus sp. [Amaranthaceae] 28 118
Amaranthus dubius Mart. [Amaranthaceae] 84, 131 Cucurbita pepo L. [Cucurbitaceae] 41
Ananas comosus Raf. [Bromeliaceae] 35 Cucurbita sativus [Cucurbitaceae] 41
Andropogon sp. [Poaceae] 97 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. [Poaceae] 101
Andropogon gayanus Kunth [Poaceae] 97 Digitaria decumbens Stent [Poaceae] 97
Avena sativa L.[Poaceae] 97, 111 Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. [Poaceae] 97
barley (Hordeum vulgare L. [Poaceae]) 97 Dryopteris oligophylla Maxin [Aspidaceae] 24
Batis maritima L. [Bataceae] 67, 116 eggplant (Solanum melongena L. [Solanaceae]) 111,
Bauhinia divaricata L. [Fabaceae] 116 118
beans (Phaseolus spp. [Fabaceae]) 111 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. [Poaceae] 101
Bidens pilosa L. [Asteraceae] 84, 108 Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.
Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. Cv. marandu [Mimosaceae] 132
[Poaceae] 97 Eriochloa polystachya H. B. & K. [Poaceae] 97
Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. [Poaceae] 97 ferns 24, 39
Buddleja wrightii Robbins [Buddlejaceae] 133 forage grasses 97
Canavalia maritima Thouars [Fabaceae] 68 Fragaria sp. [Rosaceae] 66
castorbean (Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae]) 94 grasses 85, 97, 99, 118
Cecropia peltata L. [Cecropiaceae] 118 Gossypium sp. [Malvaceae] 66, 111, 133
chick peas (Cicer arietinum L. [Fabaceae]) 68 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. [Sterculiaceae] 126
Cicer arietinum L. [Fabaceae] 68 Helianthus sp. [Asteraceae] 111
Citrus sp. [Rutaceae] 52, 133 Helianthus annuus L. [Asteraceae] 28, 129
Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer [Lamiaceae] 118 Hetrotrichum cymosus Urb. [Melastomataceae] 28
clover (Trifolium sp. [Fabaceae]) 111 Hippocratea volubilis L. [Hippocrateaceae] 71
Commelina sp. [Convulvulaceae] 42 Hordeum vulgare L. [Poaceae] 97
Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. [Convulvulaceae] 35 Hyptis sp. [Lamiaceae] 40
Cordia sp. [Boraginaceae] 118 Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton [Aquifoliaceae] 92
Cordia glabra Cham. [Boraginaceae] 116 Ipomoea sp. [Convulvulaceae] 40, 41, 68, 84, 134
Cordia nitida Vahl [Boraginaceae] 69, 118 Ipomoea alba L.[Convolvulaceae] 118
corn (Zea mays L. [Poaceae]) 66, 70, 111, 133, 140 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb. [Convulvulaceae] 35,
cotton (Gossypium sp. [Malvaceae]) 66, 111, 133 40, 42
Croton sp. [Euphorbiaceae] 127 Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) [Convulvulaceae] 68
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne [Cucurbitaceae] 35, 41 Ipomoea rubra Murr. [Convulvulaceae] 129
Ipomoea tiliacea var? [Convulvulaceae] 129 [Poaceae] 99

Lantana camara (L.) [Verbenaceae] 115, 116 rice (Oryza sativa Hochst & Steud. [Poaceae]) 97, 134
legumes 46 Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae] 94
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jarq.) Raven [Onagraceae] 92 Salix babylonica L. [Salicaceae] 141
Ludwigia peruvianus (L.) H. Hara [Onagraceae] 92 Salix interior Rowlee [Salicaceae] 141
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae] 27, 28, Salix nigra Marsh [Salicaceae] 141
30, 84, 111 Sapium sp. [Euphorbiaceae] 44
mango (Mangifera indica L. [Anacardiaceae]) 133 Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi [Anacardiaceae] 133
mangrove 55 Selinum sp. [Apiaceae] 28
Mangifera indica L. [Anacardiaceae] 133 Sesamum orientale Sieber ex Presl. [Pedaliaceae] 30
Martynia annua L. [Pedaliaceae] 28, 30 Setaria setosa Beauverd [Poaceae] 97
Medicago sativa L. [Fabaceae] 111 Solanum sp. [Solanaceae] 127
Mentha requienii Benth. [Lamiaceae] 28 Solanum erianthum D. Don [Solanaceae] 116, 118
Monarda sp. [Lamiaceae] 127 Solanum donianun (Raf.) A. Child [Solanaceae] 38
Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae] 28, 30, 111 Solanum melongena L. [Solanaceae] 38, 111, 118
oats (Avena sativa L.[Poaceae]) 97, 111 Solanum torvun Sw. [Solanaceae] 38
Oenothera sp. [Onagraceae] 127 Solanum tuberosum L. [Solanaceae] 111
Oryza sativa Hochst & Steud. [Poaceae] 97, 124, 134 Solanum verbascifolium L. [Solanaceae] 118
palm [Palmaceae] 47 Sorghum sp. [Poaceae] 140
Panicum muticum Forssk. [Poaceae] 97 Spondias mombin L. [Anacardiaceae] 113
Panicum sp. [Poaceae] 97 squash (Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne)
Parthenium sp. [Asteraceae] 70 [Cucurbitaceae]) 118
Parthenium hysterophorus L. [Asteraceae] 84, 96, 129 strawberry (Fragaria sp. [Rosaceae]) 66
Persea sp. [Lauraceae] 70 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston [Myrtaceae] 70
Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae] 52, 69, 70 Tecoma stans Juss. [Bignoniaceae] 69, 71
Phaseolus sp. [Fabaceae] 84, 111, 124 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae]) 28,
Phaseolus limensis Macfad. [Fabaceae] 133 30, 111
Phaseolus lunatus L. [Fabaceae] 52, 68, 118 tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. [Solanaceae])
Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Fabaceae] 68, 108, 111, 118 27, 28, 30, 84, 111
Phyllanthus ovicularis [Euphorbiaceae] 76 Tricholaena rosea Nees [Poaceae] 99
Pinus sp. [Pinaceae] 136 Trifolium sp. [Fabaceae] 111
Piper sp. [Piperaceae] 117 Triticum aestivum L. [Poaceae] 66, 111
Piper peltatum Ruiz & Pav. [Piperaceae] 52, 55 Turbina corymbosa Raf [Convolvulaceae] 35
potato (Solanum tuberosum L. [Solanaceae]) 111 Vigna sinensis endl. ex Hassk. 68
Pothomorphe peltata Miq. [Piperaceae] 54 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. [Fabaceae] 68
Psidium guajava L. [Myrtaceae] 52 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [Poaceae]) 66, 111
Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb Zea mays L. [Poaceae] 66, 70, 111, 133, 140

The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Cuba

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The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Cuba

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THE PLANT BUGS,

The Plant Bugs,

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THE PLANT BUGS,

THE PLANT BUGS, OR MIRIDAE

by Luis M. Hernndez and Thomas J. Henry

First published 2010

Printed in Bulgaria, March 2010

Genus Macrolophus Fieber ....................................................................... 28

Genus Pycnoderiella Henry ...................................................................... 42

Tribe Surinamellini Carvalho and Rosas .................................................. 56

D. olivaceus (Reuter) .......................................................................... 70

Key to Cuban species of Tropidosteptes ..................................................... 87

C. avelinae Maldonado .................................................................... 105

Key to Cuban tribes of Phylinae ............................................................ 120

Tribe Pilophorini ................................................................................... 134

Acknowledgments ................................................................................ 142

References ............................................................................................... 143

Figures ...................................................................................................... 159

Index to Insect Names .......................................................................... 202

Index to Plant Names............................................................................ 211

Netherlands Antilles 7 11 0 (0) 3 (1.20)

Key to Cuban Subfamilies of Miridae

Subfamily Bryocorinae Baerensprung

Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of three-segmented tarsi, pulvilli attached

Key to Cuban Tribes of Bryocorinae

Tribe Bryocorini Baerensprung

Genus Monalocoris Dalhbom

Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater

Tribe Dicyphini Reuter

Key to Cuban Genera of Dicyphini

Genus Engytatus Reuter

Key to the Cuban Species of Engytatus

Engytatus modestus (Distant)

Engytatus varians (Distant)

Female: Similar to male in general appearance.

Genus Macrolophus Fieber

Diagnosis. Species parallel-sided. Head elongate; postocular margin of vertex strongly

Key to the Cuban Species of Macrolophus

Macrolophus basicornis (Stl)

Deraeocoris basicornis Stl, 1860: 52 (orig. descrip.).

Macrolophus praeclarus (Distant)

Hosts. This species develops on Nicotiana tabacum L. [Solanaceae] (Bruner et al.,

Genus Nesidiocoris Kirkaldy

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter)

Tribe Eccritotarsini Berg

Key to Cuban Genera of Eccritotarsini

2. Hemelytra and pronotum predominantly red .....................................................3

Genus Aguayomiris Maldonado

Aguayomiris pallipes Maldonado

Genus Cubanomiris Hernndez and Stonedahl

Cubanomiris pilosus Hernndez and Stonedahl

Genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter

Key to the Cuban Species of Cyrtocapsus

Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stl)

Capsus caligineus Stl, 1859: 258 (orig. descrip.).

Cyrtocapsus femoralis Reuter

Genus Eurycipitia Reuter

Eurycipitia clarus (Distant)

Genus Heterocoris Gurin-Menville

Heterocoris Gurin-Menville, 1857: 403. Type species: Heterocoris dilatata Gurin-Me-

Heterocoris dilatatus Gurin-Menville

Heterocoris dilatata Gurin-Menville, 1857:168 (orig. descrip.).