TRUKTUR DAN MORFOLOGY VIRUS,MLO, RLO,

Virus Structure
The best known rigid rod- shaped Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
structure is given below
 Rickettsia like organism
 Walled prokaryotes
 Found in phloem and xylem
 Inhibited by Tetracycline and Penicillin

Caption
Fig. 1 Symptoms caused by Rickettsia-related
bacteria in PBT diseased papaya and pathogen
morphology. a-d Natural symptoms. a Reduction
of internode length. b Absence of latex efflux
c Frog skin at base of petioles. d Chlorotic leaves
with interveinal mosaic. e, f TEM of morphology
Citrus greening of pathogen in laticifer cells. e Collapsed 
 MYCOPLASMA LIKE ORGANISMS
• These are unicellular, ultra microscopic,
prokaryotic, self replicating, pleomorphic
filterable organisms.

Grassy shoot of sugarcane Seasamum phyllody

 Difference between Virus, Viroid, Phytoplasma and Spiroplasma
Features Virus Viroid Phytoplasma Spiroplasma
Discovered by Beijerinck Diener and Doi et al. Davis et al.
Raymer

Genetic material DNA or RNA RNA DNA DNA

Detection by Possible Not possible Possible Possible
Serology

Size 100 – 1000nm 40nm 0.1 -1.0µm 0.1 -0.2µm

Culture on No No No Yes
Medium

Distribution in Infect all types of Infect all types of Phloem Phloem

plant cell cell

Transmission Insect, Mechanical Leaf hopper, plant Only leaf hopper

  mechanical contact hopper
contact

Genome size 1-20 kb 246-379 nb 530-1130 kb 780-2220 kb

Example Tobacco mosaic Potato spindle Coconut lethal Spiroplasma citri
virus tuber viroid yellowing
 SYMPTOMS
Tobacco mosaic Potato spindle viroid

Coconut lethal yellowing Citrus stubborn

 Difference between Viroid and Virusoid

Features Viroid Virusoid

Definition Naked, circular and linear Covalently closed single

RNA molecule stranded circular RNA
molecule
Scientist involved Diener and Raymer Haseloff and Symons

Encapsidation Non encapsidated Encapsidated

Molecular weight Low High

Example Potato spindle tuber viroid Velvet tobacco mottle virus

 Satellite Viruses

A small defective virus associated with virus that depends

on helper virus for replication.

E.g. 1. Satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV)

2. Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV)
3. Satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV)
 Satellite RNA
They are subviral agent that increase or decrease the severity of viral
diseases

Classification of satellite RNA

Large satellite RNA Small linear satellite RNA Small circular satellite
RNA

Code for protein, i.e. No mRNA activity No mRNA activity

having mRNA activity

Size 0.7-1.5 kb Size 0.7 kb Size 350-450 bp

Satellite of Grapevine fan Satellite of Cucumber Associated with Nepovirus,

leaf arabis mosaic virus mosaic virus Sobemovirus
Classification of virus on the basis of morphology