1. Acetone - The simplest ketone. A solvent for gunpowder.

A highly flammable, water-

soluble solvent.

2. Acid phosphatase - An enzyme found in high concentration in seminal fluid.Any

nonspecific phosphatase requiring an acid medium for optimum activity.

3. Acid phosphatase test - One of the most published and most widely employed
techniques for semen identification. This enzyme can be found in the male prostate
gland and is sometimes abbreviated as AP. Acid phosphatase in human seminal fluid
originates from the prostate gland (often referred to as prostatic acid phosphatase ).

4. Acute Poisoning - is exposure to poison on one occasion or during a short period of

time.

5. Agglutination - The clumping together of living cells as a result of a reaction between the
cells and an appropriate immune serum.

6. Agglutinin - A chemical product of the process of immunization arising in blood serum

and causing the red corpuscles, with which it is brought into contact, to coalesce into
floccules.

7. Agglutinogen - An antigen that stimulates production of a specific antibody (agglutinin)

when introduced into a host animal body. Outdated term for red-cell antigen.

8. Alluvial Soil - its particles may be derived from almost infinite number of sources, and
since theaction of water and wind would in a few cases be identical over long periods of
time in different spots, great variations in composition would be expected.

9. Alopecia - a hair loss disease that causes the hair to spontaneously fall out.It is mainly
characterized by bald patches on the scalp or other parts of the body and can ultimately
cause baldness across the entire body.

10. Amino Acid - the building blocks of protein coded by triplets of bases of DNA blue print.

11. Ammonia - a colorless gaseous alkaline compound that is very soluble in water, has
characteristics of pungent odor, is lighter than air and is formed as a result of the
decomposition of most nitrogenous organic material such as tissue from dead bodies.

12. Anemia - any condition in which the number of red blood cells, the amount of
hemoglobin and the volume of packed red blood cells per 100 ml of blood are less than
normal. It may result from increased destruction of red cells, excessive blood loss or
decreased production of red cells.
13. Antidote - is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.Derived from Greek
word which means "given against" - a medicine given or taken to counteract a
particular poison.

14. Aplasia - failure of an organ or tissue to develop normally.

15. Autolysis - the destruction of cells after death due to lack of ability to metabolize oxygen
needed by enzymes for cell activity.

16. Benzidine - A grayish-yellow, white or reddish gray crystalline powder. It is used in

organic synthesis and the manufacture of dyes, especially of Congo red. Also used for
the detection of bloodstains and as a stiffening agent in rubber compounding.

17. Blood - a specialized body fluid that circulates in the arteries and veins of vertebrate
animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues.

18. Blood Clot - A gelatinous mass formed by a complex mechanism involving red blood
cells, fibrinogen, platelets, and other clotting factors.

19. Bloodstain - A deposit of blood on a surface.

20. Blood Platelets or Thrombocytes - cells that are produced by the bone marrow and are
necessary for proper clothing of blood.

21. Carcinogen - any substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

22. Celerit - a brown colored substance used forbacking and strengthening the hominit.

23. Chronic Poisoning - is long term repeated or continuous exposure to a poison where
symptoms do not occur immediately or after each exposure.

24. Colluvial Soil - soil in which some movement andintermingling of parts has occurred
would beexpected to be less variable.

25. Concentric Fracture - secondary fracturehaving the appearance of circles around

thepoint of impact connecting one radiating crackto the other, thus forming triangular
pieces ofglass

26. Conduction - the transmission of heat thru a medium. Heat that is conducted is
transferred from molecule to molecule. For example, heat applied to one end of an iron
rod spread through out the entire rod iron. In a similar manner, walls and floors
mayconduct heat from a burning portion of a building to other portion and help escalate
the fire.
27. Cotton Fibers - Flattened, twisted fibers with thickened edges. Irregularly granulated
cuticle. No transverse markings. Fibers show spiral twist. Fibers swell in a solution of
copper sulphate and sodium carbonate dissolved in ammonia. It is insoluble in strong
sodium hydroxide but soluble instrong sulfuric acid and partially dissolved in hot strong
hydrochloric acid.

28. Covection - a diffusion of heat through a fluid (gasor liquid) by means of the flow of the
hotter parts of the fluid to the colder parts. For example, a fire in a corner of a room will
heat the air directly around it. The heated air being lighter than the cooled air, will rise to
the ceiling; the displaced cooler air will take the place of the heated air. As this process
continues, the heat from the fire will be facilitated.

29. Corrosive - One that will destroy and damage other substances with which it comes
contact.

30. Cortex - the intermediate and the thickest layer ofthe shaft, and is composed of
elongated, spindle-shaped fibrils which cohere; they contain pigmentgranules in varying
proportions depending on atype of the hair.

31. Cyanide - A chemical compound that contains the cyano group, -C=N which consists
of carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.

32. Cuticle - The protective outer sheath of the hair, formed by a series of overlapping
scales.

33. Dose - a quantity of medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at a particular

time.

34. Embryo - An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. An unborn

human baby especially in the first 8 weeks from conception, after implantation but before
all organs are developed.

35. Enzyme - A recycling protein molecule that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction.Any of
a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and
promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed.

36. Explosives - any chemical compound or mixture that, under the influence of heat,
pressure, friction or shock, undergoes a sudden chemical change or decomposition.

37. Fibers - A common class of microscopic evidence. They are classified as animal,
vegetable, mineral, or natural, manufactured, or synthetic. Some types of ropes are
composed of numerous of fibers woven together to form the rope.
38. Flax Fibers - Apex tapering to fine point.Transverse sections are polygonal and show a
small cavity. The fibers consist of cellulose and give blue or bluish-red color when
treated with a weak solution of potassium iodide saturated iniodine and sulfuric acid. The
fibers which show transverse lines and are usually seen in group formation, dissolve in a
solution composed of copper sulphate and sodium carbonate in ammonia.

39. Forensic chemistry - is the application of chemistry to criminal investigation. Focuses on

the chemical analysis of substances connected to a crime.

40. Forensic Science - is the use of science and technology to enforce civil and criminal
laws.

41. Forensic Toxicology - deals with the medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of
chemicals on human beings.

42. Fuzz - Generally short, fine and at times curly andwooly.

43. Gas Chromatograph - a chemical analyzer and instrument for separating chemicals in a
complex sample.

44. Glass - An inorganic substance in a condition that is continuous with, and analogous to,
the liquid state of that substance. An inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a
rigid condition without crystallizing. A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming
substance is glass.

45. Hair - any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans,mammals, and
some other animals.

46. Hemp Fibers - Fibers show transverse lines and consists of cellulose. Large oval cavities
are seen intransverse sections. The end is usually blunt, andthere is often a tuft of hair
at the knots. Stains are bluish-red with phloroglucin, and yellow with both aniline
sulphate and weak solution of potassiumiodide saturated in iodine with sulfuric acid.

47. Hominit - a flesh colored resinous substanceused for making positives from
negocollnegatives.

48. Jute Fibers - Are quite smooth without either longitudinal l or transverse markings. The
fibers have typical large cavities which are not uniform but vary with the degree of
contraction of the walls of the fibers which are lignified. The ends are blunt.The fibers are
stained red with aniline sulphate,also with iodine and sulfuric acid.

49. Latent Print - Invisible print

50. LD50 - is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a
specified test duration.

51. Linen Fibers - Fibers are straight and tapering to apoint. Cortical area shows transverse
lines which frequently intersects, simulating a jointed appearance. The medullary region
shows a thindense line. They do not dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid. If placed in
1% alcoholic solution of fuchsin and then in a solution of ammonium hydroxide, they
assume a bright red color.

52. Luminol (C8H7N3O2) - is a versatile chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a

striking blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent. Luminol is used by
forensic investigators to detect trace amounts of blood left at crime scenes as it reacts
with iron found in hemoglobin.

53. Luminol test - A method of choice for the detection of occult (usually not noticeable to
the naked eye) blood at a crime scene that was cleaned up or escaped detection for
extended periods of time.

54. Mass Spectrometry - is the analytical technique that measures the mass to charge ratio
of charged particles. It is used for determining masses of particles.

55. Medulla - inner most layer of the hair shaft.

56. Medullary Index - the ratio of the size of themedulla to the diameter of a shaft.

57. Melanin - Black or dark-brown pigment most frequently seen in skin and hair.

58. Mercury - A chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80.It is commonly
known as quick silver and was formerly named hydiargyrum.

59. Metallography - the branch of metallurgy whichinvolves the study of the microstructures
of metal sand alloys.

60. Metallurgy - the art of extracting and working inmetals by the application of chemical and
physicalknowledge.

61. Micrometer - an instrument attached to microscopeand is used to measure the diameter

of the hair.

62. Moulage - is the art of applying mock injuries for the purpose of training emergency
response teams and other medical and military personnel.

63. Negocol - this is a rubbery gelatinous materialmade of colloidal and magnesium soaps.
64. Overdose - the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater
than are recommended.

65. Paraffin - A translucent, waxy, solid mixture of hydrocarbons, indifferent to most

chemical reagents; it is a constituent of peat, soft coal, and shale but is derived
principally from the distillation of petroleum. Can come in rolls that are 2 or 4 in. wide
and used to cover the top of glass test tubes or small plastic tubes.

66. Plagella - A slender thread like structure especially a microscopic whip-like appendage
that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa to swim.

67. Plasma - the fluid or portion of blood where the cells are suspended.

68. Plastic print - a print that results when a fingertouches a plastic material such as wax,
soap, ordust, and creates a negative impression of its ridgepattern.

69. Poison - A substance that when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism,
causes death or injury, especially one that kills by rapid reaction.

70. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) - Transparent, colorless or white crystalline powder or

crystals. Used in pyrotechnics, explosives, matches, metallurgy, and glass manufacture.

71. Protozoa - A phylum or group of phyla that comprises the single celled microscopic
animals which includes amebas, flagellates,ciliates,spocozoans and many other forms.

72. Radial Fracture - primary fracture resemblesthe spokes of a wheel radiating outward
fromthe point of impact.

73. Radiation - the process by which heat is transfered in straight lines from a source to a
receiving materials without heating the intervening medium. For example,the earth
received its heat from the sun by means of radiation from a burning building to a
neighboring building, which may set a fire or search by the intensity of the transferred
heat. The amount of heat transferredby radiation depends on the intensity of the
transferred heat, or intensity of the burning, the distance between the burning and
receiving surface, and the angle atwhich the radiated heat strikes the receiving
surface,and the presence or absence of any obstruction to the straight lines of radiation.

74. Red Blood Cell or Erythrocyte - contains hemoglobin and carry oxygen to various cells in
the body.

75. Sedentary Soil- least variable

76. Semen - Is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa. The male reproductive fluid
containing spermatozoa in suspension.
77. Serum - a straw yellow liquid formed when clotted blood is allowed to stand for
sometime and the blood contracts.

78. Serum Stain - The stain resulting from the liquid portion of blood (serum) that separates
during coagulation.

79. Silk Fibers - Manufactured silk is almoststructureless, microscopically. Fiber’s stain is

brown with iodine and sulfuric acid and yellow with picric acid. They dissolve slowly in a
mixture of copper sulphate, sodium carbonate and ammonia

80. Shedding - the process of normal hair loss.

81. Shoe print -A two-dimensional impression of a shoe. A shoe mark.

82. Spectrophotometer - instrument used to aide in the identification of compound.

83. Sperm cell - The haploid cell that is the male gamet e.the male reproductive cell.

84. Spermatozoa - The mature motile male sex cell of a male organism by which the ovum
is fertilized, typically having a compact head and one or more long flagella for
swimming.

85. Sting - A small sharp-pointed organ at the end of the abdomen of bees, ants and
scorpions capable of inflicting a painful or dangerous wound by injecting poison.

86. Synthetic fibers - A class of manufactured polymeric fibers that are synthesized from a
chemical compound (e.g., nylon, polyester).

87. Technical fiber - A bundle of natural fibers composed of individual elongated cells that
can be physically or chemically separated and examined microscopically for identifying
characteristics (e.g., hemp, jute, and sisal).

88. Tetanus - A disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles caused by
the bacterium clostridium tetani.The prolonged contraction of a muscle caused by rapidly
repeated stimuli.

89. TNT - (trinitrotoluene) A high explosive used as a component of some priming mixtures.

90. Tool-mark identification - A discipline of forensic science that has as its primary concern
the determination if a tool mark was produced by a particular tool.

91. Toxicology - from the Greek word toxicos - "poisonous" and "logos", it is the study of the
symptoms, mechanisms and treatments and detection of poisoning.
92. Toxin - An antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin especially one produced
by or derived from micro organisms and causing disease when present at low
concentration in the body.

93. Venom - Poisonous fluid secreted by animals such as snakes and scorpions and
typically injected into prey or aggressor by biting or stinging.

94. Visible print - a print that results after a finger,which has previously touched
contaminants asblood, grease or ink touched a clean surface.

95. Walker test - The original chemical test for the detection of the spatial distribution of
nitrites in gunpowder residue.

96. White Blood Cell or Leukocytes - are masses of nucleated protoplasm. It defends the
body from invading microorganisms.

97. Wool Fibers - These fibers can easily be distinguished from vegetable fibers since the
former show an outer layer of flattened cells and imbricated margins. The interiors are
composed of fibrous tissues but sometimes the medulla ispresent. They do not dissolve
in a solution composed of copper sulphate, sodium carbonate and ammonia. Stain is
yellow with iodine and sulfuric acid and also with picric acid. Do not dissolve in sulfuric
acid. Smell of singeing on burning .

98. X chromosome - The sex chromosome that is present in both sexes. Singly in males
and doubly in females.Human females normally have two X chromosomes.

99. Y chromosome - The sex chromosome that is carried by men.Human males normally
have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

100. Zygote - A single cell with a complete set of chromosomes that

normally develops into an embryo.