(1) Shubhnadeep Paul IX-D- ) Life Science2

Aca cia catechu bos mo difiod stem lled

phyllacle

Plankton OMe omall ong an is ms tat

flo at on waten Gunta re and unable o
Swim aqainst Cuna ent.

(Eneng'
en pn 9
stone olin foood osoteutial

Synecoloay s the bnnnch oF eco lo 9y

S

thad nefens de he Study of nelationship

bAwe en Communiti e and envinoh ment

7onganio nutnients nys+ Keep on cineula

-ting
-ting with he help of decompo.sepg
othen w ise toood ohain canno be nstaineol

2 12. kcal of olan

enengy neathes
Ahe eonth oNeny yon.
ive in dny of kenic
heanimalo which
habtads aneCrlled renocol2s
Tne ane
2
ot types-

ohoain is
An example of fomeot fooo
Gnass and henb Deen. >Trg en

9 he pnoc@ss by which inse cts and opiolens

nes ist tha etfeet of excesVe cosis
cadkod cold handeu n
AN ongnism in_which phyloclade
is pieent is puntiadellini.
An example hyllocade is V Phullo
Cpunha dellini.
(Shubhriadoep laul t-D- ile Seen ce

Ga 7wo adoptations of heltaphytes ane

infoModes
( Pnes once of shent en and thielb on
Wel dev loppd.
) Pali aade pahench ymoa

enio
The
The animals nhich live in dny oD
habitots ane alrd enooo las.

Yenocols alle at two type

Dnought ewadens
Dnaugaug hd nes iotants
INTRASPECIP IC
INTERSPECIFIC PARA co) PETIFI
COMSE TIT1ON NETER

4 the compet#ioy Definatin I+

s me ompetitioh
betWeen indlvidvols
bdpleen inolivioluals
et difenot spec1s ef same species

I+inval ye9 tia- Nat une 74 snona acute

) onganism9 from wo 9i nce all he
on mone competing membens
populations hut oF ame ofsame operis
ame tnophic lale)
savhe
ii) Cannivonps like Emample1 roq*no of the
ti gen on io conpéle are Compete foh
fen sinilan phay Antin Matas.
4) The natl a t whio nen inoi vi oluals ano
odd ec do a
pop ulation by nepnod w #ion
S callod natality o binth nate.
Nadality expessed by he fon mula
nANd, N-Nadality
nonumbe of nenn indiviolvals
TL Tz finme
 Shubhnosleep ul D-31

e7 7 we fypes o quoti'o pni non y COn suPH

a ne

Zooplankt on Cyclps fnogilia

Phytoplan kion-e:9.Aploncho pniclonta.
7he two chana ofen isties of fooo/ ahain ana

) Gneenplants(Poedlvc
a7 e cch ood
ens)
chain
ho
anodrey
at he bas
obta?
ehen g y tnom he un.
Tnongan ic nutnists must keep on cinculatirg
wth he help of decompecena oth en se
Foool hasn cannof be suetasnod.

a) The tnudeml aspect feoosyctem

deschib oothnough he folani ng chant

TRUCTURA ASPECT F E cosysTEN)

AbOTIC FACTORS 0/OTIC FÅCTORG

AUTOTROpHS HETEROTROPHS
LiGHT WATER ToRDGRAPAY eg-Gnen plants
ATMespHERE
TEMPERAURE CoNSUMEAS TRANSFRMERS
29taotenia|
ahol fumoi
PRIMAR TERTIAR3Y
eg-Panadovn .0t DEOMpesERS
SECONDARY 9phogotnophs
olo
Fig.Stmuetunal Aspeet of Ecaoystem
Shubwadaep Paul I-D-8 ife Srene
) SUN DETIMATE SoUACE
OF ENERGY
GREEN PLANTS PRoDueER
RISHEPPER RAT
CATERPUAR SqOIRREL PRMARY
CoNGt MER|
FRO WILD CAI oFONDARy
8NAKE1[ oNJ9UMER
L12AAD

TERTIARY
Co NSUMER
Fig-A food Web.

LAns OF THERMODYAAMICS
THE TWO
9/ AaEMen94 can neithen
Fist lan
destwo yool,but con be
e MaN
cneat eo no m one fohm. 7 anothe
na n9 to ota amaunt of enenoy qnd ho
nthe universe nem ajns consant,I+
fhom ane fonm
menely chong e
anothen.

Secon e Lon Proeess of enengy

travsfonmaltov? does not occ u. spontaneovsly
trawsfon
vntoss Hhene is deg Mada-}oN enen
af o.
fno m nan -

nand om e aanolom
flon
pnoes,a natunal
ton auy
Shnbknod ep Paul -D-B1 ife Soiene
italways be no hig ben fo a
oWen enen value
LINDEMANN s LAn-
Lindenan nns 1 lan stae that abouf
o'% of total enamgy nonsmiHed from
one
nophic leve fo anothen dunivg
en enqy f l o .
7f a deen consumeS
na ss, 10% oF it, i.e. fo
(cg is bsod top
etaboliam Pgai ,
body 6Mstnut1h if this oeeh i's pneuyed
Upon igen, 10 % sf thot
Uced bi the 4qen