The ivinq klorld

T e n i n g

eatues 0
ina OYqanSmMA
ovtantsma
p
cherackerisi gatre
thibuute of ing Orqarusm
Rch
which

unlomy
ywlamot be
esenmt al
a orgarwss

GROWITH cin
METABOLISN
REPRODUCTION
CEHULARITYN CONdoUSN ESS

D2iningature:
A tatwe that Cann
cleatyelae to Dry
in organusm md in_ahsence _ fhat
Leatwu he Swwival q 1Airq Dakisma
akeded uould by psent o allLma
Orqanns3 NIthuut r y eceptions
shmuld Mot be sent n any ur
Ring_emtty
Gtubth
 DATE 0

ase im mumbeT and mCC g e in

mais ane tain characlers o TOuth
Al Vinq Uqanisms, unicë ttdan/muutiu00, sa
Oow qmwuthO Jon
Dead orqaníkms domot ro
renl ir(ng enthe ke sand duns
mon

Outatns e t afiu asome chanqu thad

e n t s quwth _an accuhmulatbn /
atial depastEOn leads to craze m 1)
mass onsdleringths tact arouoth_canhot be
(OLStdertd as ddetintha eture r4
orqanúSS

rosthh

mtnins ic qTusth exrindTC asrouth

uyth 6tCuÚrg
TOm nsdle
OLCLUOaHon.
major caule
ths tom qTouotki evesible
InEveble

7lonk
ndelerminoto doanite Amimals&
delemunale
deknrle
locolised
vkhued
DU
 orhinsic gwwth auus ivtng orcqarunu
im all
but mof mJo any Mun iwinq enfidy hcel v1hy
con be corsidbed a a detining (aun
uvIng drangru

Tlant Andma
Pe lerrmialo
n d e keminale e{tnite
dtinie
Can be Anumal uns
n plants gowth qmou upto eTtain
dufeont
cbserved tn one or
0 ounng
P l a n earu hE
aqe ater nhiih
qoioth ktps but
qht ocur

L o calized used
CeDth in plans The grooth h arurmal,
Ocusin tocalsed nitomm
Manhe i e atpaTtuuulan
l o c e t i o n. '

Resroducthon: lsexual retpoouctom)

Fraqmentaton (eteurYnq_ecawrA n orqansms

Whi'ch have)
Nuuticellulan
lamentous
ccllulan

+ S a PrOcesR by_eh ling orqasMA.

Can mdluce imilan /identicalprenues
AO Moh ving ebiec an elf neplicale aRR
alAsSMAte PAGE
 DATE DI
Organitnae a c h e m c f e n s h e

chamcttnutc

a0 ceTtain r g
n Copy It are_cETtain rqannama
butthere
organum stemle).
TPAt_cannd e m d u c e (Semla

le,LOker
worke7_be
bee
humanu
mule,
myertile
ncpoduuction_
CanNO be
caNTOt_bo a
fack a l l i i n go r g a n g m &
Onsiolemng These
olefiningeatot J
Tpmducm
qmarth
uhicellularDgiMx
Cull
kn e maase in MuLmber
Ymoymaua

Mulhicollulan Oganiarms qmAth_eauchon

In
the are mutually exdusie
exusie
aeunked but
vents

Metabolism

Et Sum totzl a l alhons takirg plaLe

n ng_&uslenm
hahi mportanL r mantzuning an
kiciont aSustem
Ati Ro mBabolt eociana Ce engyme catalyted
No mon Lung entits posses fhe pmoey u
metabotim
ALL Ling 0qonLMA poSses metabolam
any exeptton- WIthou
Mtaboun a delinine {eatucre
Organins and i t ktops all Ni
hg orqanimu causea dealh tf
 DATE OILD
20s melabolkam:

Coctaboäm bncakdown o(omplex biomuleule

mto dtmpler One

Anabolusm dynthesis o a Complex dubstance

i m atmple molecles

Catabom Ánaboliam
-ve qonNth]
Ancuboltm? Cotaboam Ve aranthJ
A n a b o l s m = Catabolim_lmutralU7

fnviro
Metabo Nachim lan take place
laboraton), these isdaked invitre
Ckst tube/ things but áely uin
aCtionL are not living
neactioms

CELLULARITY
A ttmplele_eeL_whtther pmRan/oti
duppovhn
eeukanyotfe k highly impontanP r
itale
the metaboläm_fhe aaiinq
Cohplete cell t o t
Anything l s than
LOmsderd uinq

Noe: nucletc
q_pMDteins
Virusy are tonmposed cell
to the cell
but they l e Vexieption
Cccols
theony nd ane tncapakle 9 tndependent
existance
 Jochitally
(ONCIOLSNESS and
qar

Sung ironmont
Chvious

Gving
he m e s l
all

a t t n
q ense h e
S

(plecakd
t4'the alfutyT, Himul
c h e m i c a l

9cspond
td p h y s i c a l , q e n e T a l
q
na be
can 'Dides
0
m i h t

u
m u

*mulus
but
in a
hare
biological. ashould

if TPOnd
onue
hthdd velue
t
C aan
n
Kernse O
sense

Ohect

Alo non laun

achange alfechñg
duration)
Photopend
llght in p an
r s
u k e o u e u n g

achvifes _brtedena, ek
inKeaaona
eSTducti n

Sell_LoncbusMEAS

q_muman beings that

a_pperty

eto set TbncdouzTEZ

s A C b m apatient

(Tnsldewd ving as pocdes ConstouSnL

but lacks sel_onsiousMÁZR

10 b)TE Ul ) )pouT 3 a)One

Mark the coeet obtatncnt

Nen vnq tungs dhow exmnsic
A hohes orgaruMA q0th.
shouU dexual ep
l l mtqbotcqeach ong
|A) S0Me metabole Rkn n ao. üvnp *X
cl scu utho
 ) a ctevia , DfnQ{layelales, Hans, mimas asko
onsious Mes

@ Metaboluk m
olinih
ConC ouAmTK {iatureg
gbuus
obvrous.
Cellulan Oqankahon.
trins qiUn
EVELS OF OROmNISANON

The moleculan conetituens a cell nteract K

that he cell hunctions in a pbper mnanner
ntCrachon o clls portan ustiue
clevelopment
Tsues tnevact o Am an orqan ond the
nterachn aogdns leads to develop roent q
9Tgan áYskem.
Cellulaa

Tiscue

rqan

Orqan yslem.

rqanim.
Diverity
IE s to ditferent fomg amiety r dli feunt
oms b ung ooikmx e s td biooliveYsty.
The umber specie mcorded til mou i
mOre than 1'smilion that 4-18 mitlion
14-18 lakhs)
 A

1 8 a n c e d ( C r t a i n p o t o f

1heie spe
1hent
Pindöles h 6fiy

axonom n d o l l e

A r de
by C : 1 n

athe
vn
g taxononmy S c a e n c e
havinq 7nhoiple,
hh tdentiicabio námn
o q a n u s m h a l e d
on
an
si(icai'n

Nonee
C
chanaclensalion

h a m c e

classttation
n a t o n ,
ldentficahoM,

e basi
to takonor clodw
and elasskicathn ua
(m eaatier
tfmes
USs k e sipecs
based on

los cal tavonomy Mas plsea on eKtemal

catuesle mopholoqy
lnea HAS Moden.
m
axonu k bated on exkema, fntenal
ntemal
0Shruchuey,eell shrucfue, evetopmental
s ecoloqfal mportance

Chaaclensaton
tudy ing the cheracker descNphon da
meuiy oud heclA

ldenticaton:
Ha ofep in taxanomy uhich incudes
(npannqa ew dpecLes t h akready existip
One

Ndmtrlotoe :
the daence
gstandardised mamn
namLn.
 DATE DNL

ctasfcatiom:

umoupin oqansmi
into (onveruenk tateqanis
ChaYaclevis h s
based om

Taxonomic Calcqones

ae the qups
thich are Creakcod t
These on m i l a n i e ge
p l a c e O q a n s MS based
dlsstmilomte8
Other
ae oble9ale coteqones
Theree
Yameh, et oe
calegoneg Re ddb speses
the studues
creakidf o stmpy
 Basddon mot qehel
characte
east mo o tomon gharac e%
Kingdom highest Rank

u m r u pelatd chsse
Phy

elass soelaed odera

r u o f eloled fmli
der ggiegae ehaackers
Plorcu
higher cakeaory mostty bed on
odler
charaens
Fauuly
oeupolaelakdqenera

toral oharcclkes
Based on both veketatme

4enus | o alated kpeco

ece mopoloicall similan

lissimilares
based o smilaifis
owetuNR
Bused m p e c t c h a j c c k u s
m m o n qhoutacta rs
 KEngdom MOneTtn btisja tant

icotonm n

ovelad
um

ngjo*e

Rta
Rephu a
Mameul

Class
Mor ylorne

rri

anior naka
de P o l es

Fomr
dotetdae
Fami Amacortkhceae Poaceoo Canidae

He
cCan
tandt Fels Farthe ra

erus

ndica estie cum

peces
T
 DATE

1 n t u n aesivun
Selanum lulea fosum

17ium
bogsum

Peacoa
SolonaccE

Poas
Tolumonice leg

MonoLotydorag
pfcoty uclOn

Ánginspema AnqoSpemnap

Syskematics
the wod sqskema that means
SusLenmatnc
ranqenMent q_OTqanims Atas taken Dn he_
kcokyskma"platunae by_urnaus
¥ ustcmahcs ts a borancK that
deals oit
takonmy along nith dfhudy
lahonskips amonq rqanisms. oluhoncOy
Namenclatue
i tfhe giente
Sclentitc name to & midnq oktadancdsed
speci mutydirovered
 XThe Ocal
naMee vemaculav1 names e dike
at dukent placka nthifch can create uontusions
fn 1he taxonomic sthude
* A Sienifé mame baced Un uls
ulahoni acephcol by all.
h e accephd'momenclature
Ts bYnomfal
momeclatue that nia qiren by aTDULs
innat

Lnnaeus (HD's)

Speces Plantuum Sysema Nahral

CMas tis3) CAugust (4se)_
Namii 9 plans Namine q antmols.

CBN internatiod cocle fr bo botanial

momencdature.
1CZN ntemahioral codle p Zoolyieal
momeneloctuoe
ICBa mttmatinal_cadla sr Bacleia
omenclotoe
tCANC nfemakimal cocle r
Cultiralkd plank.
aming
namin

leW tnmatona Code hor v>ral

momen clatw

Rules q nomenclature :
nmtal manme conck nOrds
s mamt n_genus lq nen) E
nd
name peciespecikie epithe)
Name q qenus 4tarts nfth_ capitul ltton nNkil
The name a specs stzxts ulth kmall lutl
PAGE
clAsSMAte
 DATE

aTeSepctala0,

names
trie ae

Ilhcn
hen
hancunten

nfed the
then
undedined but
italiclsed It s
as
latn
mostey
A) The larnqape useol &
dcad artpuape
be
nHen h
can
sclentist
ne name g
o m a [ l e r the speakk_epithet

abbivated
the ctoientiat
gawe that
WAh Pnclclcs tha underuhoomo
nefher
mame i
Mame 1h
Mame
ftaliused
HanfeA Taurtonum
A Mame in whfch the name qenus peu-
aH SOme
k Dnu_atpucable to animals

NaaNaja indian coba

Ratus Rdttus [Rat
Autpmum'
e A anme hat aontaung theSame_name UT
pecues e Kub dpecos (anirols vaiety Cplant
k appltable kor both plank e antnals:
Homb sapierns_4apiths
enus 3petLLs ub ubspeaog

Concept 9 dpeces
Booqical toncept «pecug
t AIas qiren by Enst Moyer (Pawin
othcetium)
4ACOTd to fhu concept apeul Ls a
elAsSMAte
PAGE
 DATE OIL

asoup nditidual who ean irealy hlerbreed

a eeoluch'vely so lakd onY incdivduals q
therpeces

)Taxonoruc comept o speues

Acurdunq to th"a' Species a rup 9
morpholbq icalty gmilart ihctitauali
These comcepts a not applable tu micobes
uRe pDRaTyoks that i Ithy many biochemital
studues ane used to fdentky them a3 aL
aSpeci

Taronomic hierarchs
taronomic cateqmes anged tn
ascenoling | deendh orcd
Taxon
A taxon k agscotaked mith cSoMe {eatirts
Itt a ank tn the classifitabiom usemn
e doq, mammals, plank, uheat ce emesent
eategomesat dukeen levels

10xanonorrúcal atds.
in
placs that help
CerteinsouCes or
These a
otudues
Cotn Dut taxonomical

1 Herbmum.
hDuse dmieol prLssed
a Hpociton stoe
H herbarum sneet
prseVed plank on
t o fre
dhek_ ae 0mangqed according
These
asustem Q clasftcation
OLCCepeol Dr Ones
sucdan"aquat plank
l a n t s Uke hespanum
Cannot be pr&senjed_
in a
PAGE U
clAsSMAte
 DATE JL

neeal
Syslem
Suslem

qutk
a
*H SesVes c h e m c a l t

t
r

r
e

e
a

a
t

t
m

m
e

e
n

n
t

taxonomi athudus chemital

usad for nkectiao

* Hgcl micabbial
Vod any m ensom>|'S"xI 6 V

coner
abel ( eoht
CollectorS n a m e
collecton

qake
place g
e n g u sm
h amé

e a c u l a n name
Herbamum ashee Scientte_namo

amiy mame

otanical yordens
lie plant Specmens O
t s aplre where
d nt habitat ae gnln_
KoalBotantcal yarcden kenn kn4 land (1aget
mdantotanialgardenHourrah (Kolkata)
Auckno-U
Natforal Eotanftal egeah nsttule-
yol teetanical gasdenDateefng
The plank containa label bn Which the
botantal Mame e the -famis Mame Witten

5Zoclogical panks
A place_here _uld animals_hwm dikownt
habta ae plaCed undeT hunmän care
Animals_art 'provided_ath Conditong Kmlaat fD
the nctral "habita s

clasSMAte PAGE
 DATE CINU
Noe

Eothbotanttal gardens 8 zooloqica park8 help in

taxonuc studu as Well as the a L ex-situL
Sratdqin5
Ceutsole natualhabetat) conservction
Nuseum:

lika
These aredetup n educatisnal fhstitutitn
chool, unvesYhes, et and (ontatn dlead
specmens bofh plans and anmals:
The spedmerns are pesseNed nomadehude
Souuttoms in glass ra9rS
Aarqe anfmal PRe Lrds e pmammals are
aStuktd peseIVed
lnaecs ae pressenved alle kilinp pinnie
them n niécE boxes
*SReleton systerms an also be pCeNt

key
Hconto
elp irn identigicaim Jcha¥aelea
OTqanisM baaéd on Sthmilmties Callad
Coupl e
olasimilanies (plans g animals)
each
Cortatn paT Q Corasta Stakma
traits called as ouplek_ each_ tead
Stalement g ouplet % called
as lead
qeneally aalytical in natuae
Seperake taconomic koys ae Geaiied fox each
taxonomic atcgoT.
 DATE

p l a n t d p e L e s _

habftat e
habfta e
tlDa to
Ihe
f brhorattculat_ate
hdex
H& an
accolrL
c c o u n

actual
qives an
ditnbution 9a1
Geoaphial

tar
one
any
Monorph akion
on
Detallad

n fdertto
d erthia
Narual: that help
an ata
frfomation
an aa
Fde orund in
apeces
ama

Catalaque

het
enumerakes
i s abooklet tat chaqckes That
dicnstion
apecLes u t h
heps n _ e n t a t o n

DRision-_phyta
elas-Oda,ceala
Orden ales
Famiy- ceao.