EXPERIMENT:1

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT

Verification of Basic laws and basic methods of circuit analysis.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

a. Verification of KCL, KVL.

b. Discuss the importance of ground in DC circuits.
c. Analyze the effect of variation of load and source resistance on load voltage.

MOTIVATION

According to the students accord.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Kirchhoffs Current law
KCL is based on conservation of charge.KCL states that,the current flowing out of any node
in a circuit must equal the current flowing in. That is, the algebraic sum of all branch currents
flowing into any node must be zero.i.e.

Integrating both side w.r.t time

From the above circuit

This is known as current

Where division rule
Kirchhoffs Voltage Law
KVL is based on conservation of Energy.KVL states that, the algebraic sum of the branch
voltages around any closed path in a network must be zero.i.e.

From the above circuit

Where,

Where,

The above 3 quantities evaluated by the formula named as Voltage division rule.
Importance of ground in DC circuits
Ground can be defined as the point of lowest potential (Voltage=0), from which voltage at
any point in the circuit is measured.

Case-I Case-II Case-III

Effect on load voltage due to the variation of load and source resistance

From the above circuit

In a variable load circuit, if RL is varied from 0 to then VLoad varies from 0 to VS, but in a
circuit with variable source resistance, if RS is varied from 0 to then VLoad varies from VS to
zero.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND PROCEDURE

Description of the apparatus

Procedure

To be written by the student after pre-lab explanation by the faculty.

ANALYSIS

Observation Table for KCL:

Sl. No. Total current(I) in Current(I1) Current(I2)

amperes in amperes in amperes

1
2
Observation Table for KVL:
Sl. Total voltage(Vdc) Voltage drop(V1) Voltage drop(V2) Voltage drop(V3)
No. in Volts in Volts in Volts in Volts

1
2

Observation Table for Importance of Ground:

Sl. No. Ammeter Reading Ammeter Reading Ammeter Reading

for Case-I for Case-II for Case-III

1
2
Observation Table for Load Voltage Variation:
Sl. Supply voltage Source Resistance Load Resistance Load Voltage(VL)
No. (VS) in Volts (RS) in Ohms (RL) in Ohms in Volts

1
2

Calculation

To be done by the students after the completion of experiment execution.

Discussion of the result

To be written by the student.

Comment and Conclusion

To be written by the student.