PIPESIM Training Course

PIPESIM
Training Course
June 2003
2 PIPESIM Training Manual
Copyright notice
June, 2003, Schlumberger. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written
permission of Schlumberger Information Solutions, 5599 San Felipe, Suite 1700, Houston, TX 77056-
2722.
Disclaimer
Use of this product is governed by the License Agreement. Schlumberger makes no warranties,
expressed, implied or statutory, with respect to the product described herein and disclaims without
limitation any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Schlumberger reserves
the right to revise the information in this manual at any time without notice.
Trademark Information
PIPESIM, GOAL, NODAL Analysis, OFM, HoSim and ECLIPSE are trademarks of Schlumberger.
All other products and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
companies or organizations.
Schlumberger
PIPESIM Training Manual 3
PART 1: SINGLE BRANCH TUTORIALS 5

Single Branch Tutorial 1 - Single Phase Pipeline 6
Single Branch Tutorial 2 Multiphase Pipeline 26
Single Branch Tutorial 3 - Oil Well Performance 33
Single Branch Tutorial 4 Black Oil Calibration and Performance Forecasting 46
PART 2: SINGLE BRANCH CASE STUDIES 64

Case Study 1 - Oil Well/ Black Oil Fluid 65
Case Study 2 - Well Performance Modelling - Nodal Analysis 73
Case Study 3 - Gas well Performance using a Compositional Fluid Model 77
Case Study 4 ESP Selection / Design 86
Case Study 5 Pipeline and Facilities (Compositional Fluid model) 89
Case Study 6 Gas Lift Design, New Mandrel spacing: 95
Case Study 7 Gas Lift Design, Current Mandrel spacing: 98
PART 3: NETWORK MODELING TUTORIALS 99

Network Tutorial 1: Looped Gathering Network 100
Network Tutorial 2: Gas Transmission Network 108
Network Tutorial 3: Water Injection System 112
PART 4 FPT TUTORIALS 116

FPT Tutorial 1: Compositional Tank & Look Up Tables 117
FPT Tutorial 2: Black Oil Tank. 145
FPT Tutorial 3: Look Up Tables 157
FPT Tutorial 4: Daily Contract Quotas (DCQ) 163
PART 5 SINGLE BRANCH CASE STUDIES

WORKED ANSWERS 174
Worked Answers: Case Study 1 Oil Well Design 175
Worked Answers: Case Study 2 Well Performance Analysis Nodal Analysis 194
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 3 Gas Well Performance 203
Worked Answers: Case Study 4 ESP Selection / Design 220
Worked Answers: Case Study 5 Pipeline and Facilities 222
Worked Answers: Case Study 6 Gas Lift Design New Mandrel Spacing 228
Worked Answers: Case Study 7 Gas Lift Design Current Mandrel Spacing 230
Schlumberger
Part 1: Single Branch Tutorials
Schlumberger
Single Branch Tutorial 1 - Single Phase Pipeline

The purpose of this tutorial is to familiarize the user with the PIPESIM Single Branch interface by
building and running simple examples. The user will construct a simple pipeline model then calculate
the pressure drop along a horizontal pipeline for a given inlet pressure and Flowrate. The user will
then run some sensitivity studies on the model.
Each example will follow the standard workflow for single branch modelling:
1) Build the Physical Model

2) Create a Fluid Model
3) Choose Flow Correlations
4) Perform Operations
5) View and Analyze Results
Exercise 1: Water Pipeline
Getting Started:
Launch PIPESIM from the Start menu (Start -> Program Files -> Schlumberger -> PIPESIM)
1) Choose New Single Branch Model from the startup screen
2) From the Setup|Units menu, select SI Units
Schlumberger
Step 1: Define the physical components of the model:
The PIPESIM single branch model toolbox is shown below:
Select the source button and place it in the window by clicking on the single branch window:
Select the End Node button and place it in the window:
Select the Flowline button and link Source_1 to the End Node S1 by clicking and dragging
from Source_1 to the End Node S1:
Note that the red outlines on Source_1 and Flowline_1 indicate that essential input data is
missing.
Schlumberger
Double Click on Source_1 and the source input data user form will appear. Fill the form as shown
below.
Click on to exit the user form.
Double Click on Flowline_1 and the source input data user form will appear. Fill the form as
shown below:
Click on the Heat transfer tab and fill the form as shown below (adiabatic process):
Schlumberger
Step 2: Define the fluid model (water):
In the Setup menu select Black Oil; the Black Oil user form will appear.
Schlumberger
Fill in the Black Oil user form as shown below:
Go to the File Menu and save the Model as CaseStudy1_WaterPipe.bps.
Step 3: Select Flow Correlations:
From the Setup menu, Select Flow Correlations and ensure that the Moody single phase flow
correlation is selected
Schlumberger
Step 3: Define the operation:
In the Operations menu select the Operation Pressure/Temperature
Fill in the Pressure/Temperature Profile User form as shown below:
Schlumberger
Step 4: Run the Model:
Run the model by clicking on in the user form. The pressure calculation will be done
using the Moody correlation (Default single phase correlation)
Step 5: Observe the PSPlot output:

The following pressure profile should be visible by clicking on at the bottom of the
screen.
It can be seen that the outlet pressure is 58 bars.
Schlumberger
Click on the Data tab to display a tabular output of the Pressure/Temperature Profile
To copy this data into Excel, highlight the cells of interest, hit Ctrl+C, then select a cell in Excel and
hit Ctrl+V.
Step 6: Observe the Summary File ( .sum):
In the Reports menu select the Summary File option:
The following output can be observed:
The Liquid Hold-up value displayed 353.4 m3 is the liquid hold up for the entire pipe.
Step 7: Observe the Output file (.out):
In the Reports menu select the Output File option.
The Output File is divided by default in 5 sections:

1. The INPUT DATA ECHO. (Input data and Input units summary)
2. The Fluid Property Data. (Input data of the fluid model)
3. The Profile & Flow Correlations. (Profile and selected correlations summary)
4. The Primary Output.
5. The Auxiliary Output.
Schlumberger
The Primary output is shown below.
It is divided into 16 sections:

1. The node number: node at which all the measures on the row have been recorded. (The
nodes have by default been spaced with a 1 km interval)
2. The Horizontal Distance. (This is different from the Measured distance along the Flowline)
3. The Elevation. (Elevation from the horizontal).
4. The Horizontal Angle
5. The Vertical Angle
6. The Pressure
7. The Temperature
8. The mean mixture velocity
9. The elevational Pressure drop.
10. The Frictional Pressure drop.
11. The Actual Liquid Flow rate at the P,T conditions of the node.
12. The Actual Fre gas rate at the P,T conditions of the node.
13. The Actual Liquid density at the P,T conditions of the node.
14. The Actual Free gas density at the P,T conditions of the node.
15. The Slug Number.
16. The Flow Pattern.
It can be seen that as the Pressure decreases the Liquid density decreases therefore the Flowrate
has to increase to maintain the mass flow rate constant.
The auxiliary output is shown below:
Schlumberger
It is also divided into 16 sections:

1. The node Number.
2. The Horizontal Distance.
3. The vertical Elevation.
4. The Pipe ID
5. The Superficial Liquid Velocity
6. The Superficial Gas velocity
7. The liquid mass flow rate.
8. The gas Mass flow rate.
9. The liquid viscosity.
10. The Gas viscosity.
11. The Reynolds Number.
12. The No-slip liquid hold-up.
13. The Liquid hold-up.
14. The Enthalpy
15. The number of Pressure iteration
16. The number of Temperature iteration.
The values of the Reynolds number indicate that the flow regime is turbulent.
The viscosity decreases as the pressure decreases.
Schlumberger
Exercise 2: Water Pipeline Sensitivity Study
Continuing with the previous example, we will now explore how our model responds to different inlet
temperatures.
Step 1: Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile operation user form
In the Operations menu select the Operation Pressure/Temperature Profile. Select Source_1 as
the Component and Temperature as the Variable.
In the Pressure/Temperature Profile user form press on the button, an input form
appears and must be filled as follows:
Click on the Apply button. The filled user form is shown below:
Step 2: Run the Model:

Run the model by clicking on in the user form. The pressure calculation will be done
using the Moody correlation (Default single phase correlation)
Step 3: Observe the PSPlot output:

screen.
Schlumberger
It can be seen that the highest inlet temperature generates the lowest pressure drop. This is
because as the temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, therefore the Reynolds number
increases, the corresponding friction factor decreases and the frictional pressure gradient is lower.
In the case of water the effect of the temperature on the density are negligible.
Select the Data tab in the PS plot to observe all the data for each temperature in a tabular format.
Schlumberger
Step 4: Observe the output file (.out):

In the Reports menu select the Output File option. The Output file contains by default the
information for the first case only. (T = 10 deg C). In the Setup Menu, select the Define Output
option as shown below:
In the Define Output user form set the No of cases to print to 7.
Schlumberger
Re-run the operation, open the output report and you will see the results of the seven
sensitivity cases.
Return to the Define Output user form. Check the Segment Data in Primary Output option
and re-run the operation. Open the Output file and observe that additional segments have
been inserted on each side of the nodes (placed by default 30 cm each side of each node).
Pipesim performs the pressure drop calculation for each of those additional segments by
default in order to obtain precise averaged values of properties such as liquid hold-up or
velocities at the main nodes
Schlumberger
Exercise 3: Gas Pipeline sensitivity Study
Without changing any of the physical components of our previous example, we will now model single
phase gas through our flowline.
Step 1: Redefine the Fluid Model:

From Setup|Black Oil, modify the user form as shown below (100 % gas):
Step 2: Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile Operation

Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile user form as shown below:
Schlumberger
Step 3: Run the model
Run the model by clicking on in the user form
The pressure calculation will be done using the Moody correlation (Default single phase
correlation)
Step 4: Observe the Output Plot
screen.
Schlumberger
It can be seen that the highest inlet temperatures generate the highest pressure drops. This is
because as the temperature increases the density decreases therefore the Reynolds number
decreases. Correspondingly, the friction factor increases and thus the frictional pressure gradient
is higher.
In the case of gas the effect of the temperature on the viscosity are negligible.
In PS-Plot click on the Series menu:
Schlumberger
Change the Y axis from pressure to temperature and press on OK the following temperature profile will
be seen.
Schlumberger
The temperature decrease along the pipeline is due to the Joule -Thompson effect.
Exercise 4: Calculate the gas Flowrate for a given pressure drop
In the previous exercises, we calculated the Outlet Pressure given a known Inlet Pressure and
Flowrate. We will now specify known Inlet and Outlet Pressures and calculate the corresponding gas
flowrate.
Step 1: Modify the Pressure/Temperature profile user form
Modify the Pressure/Temperature user form as shown below in order to calculate the standard gas
flow rate for a given pressure drop.
Step 2: Run the Operation
Run the model by clicking on in the user form.
The pressure calculation will be done using the Moody correlation (Default single phase
correlation)
Step 3: Observe the PSPlot output
The Gas Flowrate corresponding to the specified pressure drop is shown in the legend beneath
the profile plot
Schlumberger
Step 4: Observe the output files (.out):
The iteration routine for this operation can be seen in the output file as shown below.
Save your file as exer4.bps and File|Close.
Schlumberger
Single Branch Tutorial 2 Multiphase Pipeline

The Previous examples explored single phase flow of water and gas through a pipeline. We will now
create a new model and explore multiphase flow through a pipeline, following the same general
workflow as before:

Getting Started:
1) Select File|New|Pipeline and Facilities
2) From Setup|Units, set to SI
Step 1: Build the Physical model:

Using the toolbar, contruct the model shown below:
Source_1 Data:
Schlumberger
Flowline Data: (Keep all default heat transfer options)
Report tool options (same for both Report Tools)
Schlumberger
Step 2: Define the Black oil fluid model
Step 3: Choose Flow Correlations:

From the Setup| Flow Correlations menu, Select the following Flow Correlations:
Schlumberger
Step 4: Define and Run a Pressure/Temperature profile operation
From the Operations| Pressure Temperature Profile menu, enter the following:
Schlumberger
As the Inlet Pressure text box is left empty the value will be taken from the Source_1 user form.
Step 5: Run the model
The pressure drop will be calculated using the Moody correlation (Default single phase correlation)
and the Beggs and Brill Correlation.
Step 6: Observe the output file
The following display can be seen in the Primary output section of the Output file.
Schlumberger
The flow pattern can be seen by scrolling to the right:
It can be seen that the flow is initially single-phase liquid until the pressure falls below the bubble
point upon which two-phases oil-gas flow is present. The single-phase moody correlation is used
in the first part of the pipe and the Beggs and Brill correlation is used in the second part of the
pipe. (The hold-up for each of the segment can be seen in the auxiliary output.)
The number 1.8 is the erosional velocity ratioand is only displayed when higher than 1.
The spot reports output is shown below:
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Single Branch Tutorial 3 - Oil Well Performance

In this tutorial we will model well performance, following the same general workflow as before:

Getting Started:
1) Select File|New| Well Performance Analysis
2) From Setup|Units, set to English
Exercise 1: Pressure Temperature Profile
Step 1: Define the physical components of the Model
The PIPESIM single branch model toolbar is shown below:
Select the Vertical Completion button and place it in the

single branch window:
Select the End Node button and place it in the window:
Schlumberger
Select the Tubing button and link Completion_1 to the End Node S1 by clicking and dragging
from Completion_1 to the End Node S1:
Note that the red outlines on Completion_1 and Tubing_1 indicate that essential input data is
missing.
Double Click on Completion_1 and the source input data user form will appear. Fill the form as
shown below.
Schlumberger
Double Click on Tubing_1 and the source input data user form will appear.
Select Simple Model as the Preferred tubing Model as shown below:
Fill the form as shown below:
Step 2: Define the black oil model
Select Setup| Black Oil
Schlumberger
Enter the fluid properties as shown below:
Go to the File Menu and save the Model as CaseStudy1_Oil Well.bps.
Step 3: Select Multiphase Flow Correlations

From the Setup| Flow Correlation menu, ensure that the Beggs Brill Revised correlation is selected for
both Vertical and Horizontal Flow
Schlumberger
Step 4: Define and Run a Pressure/Temperature Profile Operation
Select Operations | Pressure Temperature Profile
Enter a liquid rate of 3000 STBD and select outlet pressure as the calculated variable. PIPESIM will
automatically assume that the inlet pressure is the static reservoir pressure specified in the
completion.
Schlumberger
Step 5: Run the Model

screen.
It can be seen that the outlet pressure is 730 Psia.
Click on the Data tab to display a tabular output of the Pressure-Temperature Profile
Schlumberger
To copy this data into Excel, highlight the cells of interest, hit Ctrl+C, then select a cell in Excel and
hit Ctrl+V.
Step 7: Observe the Summary File (.sum):
In the Reports menu select the Summary File option:
The following output can be observed:
The Liquid Hold-up value displayed 101 m3 is the liquid content of the entire pipe (linepack).
The Output File is divided by default in 5 sections:

1) The INPUT DATA ECHO (Input data and Input units summary)
2) The Fluid Property Data (Input data of the fluid model)
3) The Profile & Flow Correlations (Profile and selected correlations summary)
4) The Primary Output
Schlumberger
5) The Auxiliary Output
The Primary output is shown below.
It is divided into 16 sections:

1. The node number: node at which all the measures on the row have been recorded.
(The nodes have by default been spaced with a 1000 ft interval)
3. The Elevation. (Elevation from the horizontal).
4. The Horizontal Angle
5. The Vertical Angle
6. The Pressure
7. The Temperature
8. The mean mixture velocity
9. The elevational Pressure drop.
10. The Frictional Pressure drop.
11. The Actual Liquid Flow rate at the P,T conditions of the node.
12. The Actual Free gas rate at the P,T conditions of the node.
13. The Actual Liquid density at the P,T conditions of the node.
14. The Actual Free gas density at the P,T conditions of the node.
15. The Slug Number.
16. The Flow Pattern.
It can be seen that as the Pressure decreases, the liquid holdup decreases. Therefore, the liquid
flowrate decreases to maintain the mass flow rate constant.
Also, as the pressure decreases the gas density decreases. Therefore, the gas hold-up increases
and the gas velocity has to increase to maintain a constant mass flowrate. The gas volumetric
flowrate increases with decreasing pressure due to gas expansion.
Schlumberger
The Auxiliary Output is shown below:
It is also divided into 16 sections:

1. The node Number.
3. The vertical Elevation.
4. The Pipe ID
5. The Superficial Liquid Velocity
6. The Superficial Gas velocity
7. The liquid mass flow rate.
8. The gas Mass flow rate.
9. The liquid viscosity.
10. The Gas viscosity.
11. The Reynolds Number.
12. The No-slip liquid hold-up.
13. The Liquid hold-up.
14. The Enthalpy
15. The number of Pressure iteration
16. The number of Temperature iteration.
The values of the Reynolds number (~ 50,000) indicates turbulent flow

The viscosity of the liquid increases as the pressure decreases due to gas coming out of solution.
Save the model as exer4.bps
Exercise 2: Sensitivity Analysis
Using the model from the previous exercise, we will now perform sensitivity
analysis on the reservoir pressure.
Step 1: Modify the Pressure Temperature Profile Operation user form:
Schlumberger
From the Operations | Pressure Temperature Profile menu, select as a sensitivity VertWell_1 as
the Component and Static Pressure as the Variable. Enter values shown below:
Step 2: Run the Model


screen.
Schlumberger
The pressure drop across the reservoir is identical for all case due to the PI and flowrate being
constant.
For the case Pws = 1000 psia the pressure is not sufficient to lift the column of fluid to the surface.
The pressure reaches zero at 4000 ft.
Select the Data tab in the PS plot to observe all the data for each temperature in a tabular format.
Schlumberger
The Output file contains by default the information for the first case only. (Pws = 3600 psia).
In the Setup Menu, select the Define Output option as shown below:
In the Define Output user form set the No of cases to print to 4.
Schlumberger
Re-run the operation you will see the output of the 4 sensitivity cases displayed in the Output file.
Return to the Define Output user form.
Check the Segment Data in Primary Output option and re-run the operation, you will see the
additional segments on each side of the nodes (placed by default 30 cm each side of each node).
Pipesim performs the pressure drop calculation for each of those additional segments by default in
order to obtain precise averaged values of properties such as liquid hold-up or velocities at the main
nodes
Schlumberger
Single Branch Tutorial 4 Black Oil Calibration and

Performance Forecasting
Overview
An oil reservoir has been discovered in the North Sea. A vertical well has been drilled, a test string
inserted and flow characteristics measured. Fluid properties at stock tank and laboratory conditions
have been obtained. Reservoir simulations have been performed to predict the change in watercut
over the field life. The reservoir pressure will be maintained by water injection and the preference is to
avoid the use of artificial lift methods. The engineer is asked to perform the following tasks:
1) Develop a well inflow performance model applicable throughout field life. This provides a
relationship between the reservoir pressure, the flowing bottom hole pressure and flowrate
through the formation.
2) Develop a blackoil fluid model to match the laboratory data. It is necessary to develop a
method of predicting the fluid physical properties so that the pressure losses and heat transfer
characteristics can be calculated.
3) Select a suitable tubing size for the production string.
4) Review the feasibility of using gas lift as an alternative to water injection.
The engineering data available is given at the end of this case study.
Getting Started
1) Select File| New| Well Performance Analysis
2) From Setup|Units, set to English
Excercise1: Insert Completion and Develop a Well Inflow Performance Model

A straight line productivity index (PI) method is considered adequate in this case because the fluid
flows into the completion at a pressure considerably above the bubble point and no gas comes out of
solution at this stage. This applies throughout field life and the productivity index is not expected to
change. The PI will not be affected by changes to the reservoir pressure because the reservoir
pressure is to be maintained by water injection. The PI will not be affected by changes to the watercut
through field life because the oil and water have similar mobilities in this reservoir structure.
1. Add a vertical completion to the model. This is done by pointing and clicking on the vertical
completion button at the top of the screen and then pointing and clicking in the work area. A vertical
completion appears as shown below.
vertical completion button vertical completion
2. Double click on the vertical completion in the work area to enter the following data:
Schlumberger
3. Press the "calculate/graph button and enter the drill string test data as shown below and select
the "plot IPR button. This will calculate a productivity index of 25 STB/d/psi to be used throughout the
analysis work.
Schlumberger
TIP:
Right button-drag on plot to position data

points.
To zoom in, left button-drag a window across

the data points towards the lower right.
To zoom out, left button-drag a window

towards the upper-left.
1. Select OK and OK to exit dialogs
Add Tubing
1. Add a boundary node to the model by pointing and clicking on the boundary node button at the top
of the screen and then pointing and clicking in the work area:-
boundary node button boundary node
2. Click on the tubing button, and drag from the completion to the boundary node.
Completed Model
Note that the red outline indicates that essential data is missing for that component.
3. Double click on the tubing and select simple model as the preferred tubing model. Enter the data
as shown below. Set the tubing ID in the base case model to 3.83, this will become a sensitivity
variable later.
Schlumberger
2. Select OK to exit dialog
Schlumberger
Excersise 2: Develop a Calibrated Blackoil Model

No analysis work can be carried out until a blackoil fluid model has been developed. This allows all of
the fluid physical properties to estimated over the range of pressures and temperatures encountered
by the fluid. These physical properties are subsequently used to determine the phases present, the
flow regime, the pressure losses in single and multiphase flow regions, and the heat transferred to or
from the surroundings.
The following table contains data from a laboratory analysis of our fluid:
Fluid Analysis:
Stock Tank Oil Properties:

Watercut 0%
GOR 892 scf/STB
Gas SG 0.83
Water SG 1.02
Oil API 36.83
Bubble Point Properties:

Pressure 2647 psia
Temperature 210 F
Solution Gas 892 scf/STB
Blackoil Calibration Data:

OFVF (above bubble point pressure) 1.49 @ 4,269 psia and 210 F
OFVF (below bubble point pressure) 1.38 @ 2,000 psia and 210 F
Dead oil viscosities 0.31 cP @ 200 F and 0.92 cP @ 60 F
Live oil viscosity 0.29 cP @ 2,000 psia and 210 F
Gas viscosity 0.019 cP @ 2,000 psia and 210 F
Gas compressibility (Z) 0.85@ 2,000 psia and 210 F
Note: The bubble point calibration for sat GOR is used to normalize (calibrate) the Soln GOR
correlation . By specifying a higher stock tank GOR than acalibration sat. GOR, you are effectively
increasing the bubble point. (ie.a plot of flowing soln. GOR vs. pressure will intersect this calibration
point, but the bubble point is no longer that with which the calibrationsat. GOR is specified).
Conversely, if the stock tank GOR is less than the calibration sat. GOR, then the stock tank GOR is
used (takes precendence)with the calibration GOR ignored.
1. From the Setup | Black Oil menu to enter the stock tank oil properties and the bubble point
properties as shown below:
Schlumberger
Note: Help on the definitions and valid ranges of these stock tank properties can be obtained
by selecting the Help at the bottom of this dialog
2. Select the Advanced Calibration Data menu, Single Point Calibration and enter the Gas
Saturation at the Bubble Point pressure and temperature as shown below:
Schlumberger
3. press the "Plot PVT data (Laboratory Conditions) button.
4. On the resulting plot, use the Series menu to plot the oil formation volume factor on the y-axis.
The following plot should be obtained:
Schlumberger
Observe that the uncalibrated curve for a temperature of 210 F shows that the predicted OFVF is
higher than the measured value both above and below the bubble point pressure.
At 4,269 psia the predicted value is 1.52 compared to the measured value of 1.49.
At 2,000 psia the predicted value is 1.41 compared to the measured value of 1.38.
To calibrate the OFVF above the bubble point pressure, select the Advanced Calibration Data tab and
enter the measured value of 1.49 @ 4,269 psia and 210 F as shown below:
Schlumberger
Again, click on the Plor PVT Data (Laboratory Conditions) and the following plot should be obtained:
Schlumberger
Apply OFVF calibration below the bubble point pressure. The measured value is 1.38 @ 2,000 psia
and 210 F and replot. The following plot should be obtained:
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Calibration of the oil viscosity requires two dead oil viscosity measurements. The uncalibrated (default)
approach is to use the Beggs and Robinson correlation which gives values of 1.562 cP @ 200 F and
about 23 cP @ 60 F. The Beggs and Robinson correlation uses the oil API gravity to predict two dead
oil data points based upon data obtained from around 2,000 data points from 600 oil systems. Plot the
uncalibrated oil viscosity by changing the previous plot Series. The following plot should be obtained:
In this case it can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 70 F and 14.7 psia
is about 23 cP as specified by the Beggs & Robinson correlation. This is significantly different from the
measured dead oil data and would lead to errors in the prediction of pressure loss.
Select the Viscosity Data tab and select Users Data for the Dead Oil viscosity correlation. Enter the
two measured values of 0.31 cP @ 200 F and 0.92 cP @ 60 F. The following plot should be
obtained:
Schlumberger
It can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 60 F and 14.7 psia is 0.92 cP,
consistent with the laboratory dead oil data.
Return to the Advanced Calibration Data tab and enter the live oil calibration data of 0.29 cP @ 2,000
psia and 210 F. The following plot should be obtained:
Schlumberger
It can be seen that the predicted oil viscosity value at a temperature of 210 F and 2000 psia is 0.29
cP consistent with the laboratory live oil data.
Proceed to calibrate the gas viscosity and the gas compressibility using the following calibration data:
Gas viscosity: 0.019 cP @ 2,000 psia and 210 F

Gas compressibility (Z-factor): 0.85 @ 2,000 psia and 210 F
Schlumberger
Exercise 3: Select a Tubing Size for the Production String

Find the smallest tubing size that will allow this production plan to be met on the basis that the
production string will not be replaced during field life. The sizes available are 3.34, 3.83, and 4.28.
I.D. as described in at the end of the case study.
Production plan obtained from reservoir simulation

Year Watercut (%) Oil Flowrate, sbbl/d
0 0 13,000
1 0 13,000
2 0 13,000
3 0 13,000
4 12 11,600
5 20 9,800
6 35 7,800
7 40 6,700
8 47 5,800
9 54 4,500
10 60 3,600
1. From the Setup/ Flow correlations menu, select Hagedorn & Brown as the vertical multiphase flow
correlation. This correlation performs well for vertical oil wells.
2. From the Operations menu, select Systems Analysis menu and choose liquid rate as the
calculated variable. The minimum pressure allowed at the wellhead (outlet pressure) is 600 psia.
Enter the x-axis and sensitivity data as shown below:
3. Select Run Model, and select Stock Tank Oil as the y-axis series to give the following plot:
Schlumberger
It can be seen that 3.83 ID tubing is the smallest size that will satisfy all of the production plan
conditions.
Exercise 4: Gas Lift Feasibility Study

Review the feasibility of using gas lift as an alternative to water injection to support oil production rates
in later field life. The predicted decline in reservoir pressure, without water injection, is given below:
Predicted reservoir pressure decline (without water injection)

Year Pws (psia)
0 4,269
1 4,190
2 4,113
3 4,020
4 3,950
5 3,893
6 3,840
7 3,800
8 3,762
9 3,730
10 3,700
Use the artificial lift performance operation to identify how much lift gas would be needed in Year 10 to
achieve the desired oil production rate of 3,600 sbbl/d with the reduced reservoir pressure of 3,700
psia.
1. Double click on the completion, and change the static reservoir pressure to 3,700 psia.
Schlumberger
2. Double click on the tubing, ensure that the tubing ID is 3.83, and add a gaslift depth of 8,000
ft. Press the properties button and enter the gas lift surface temperature of 100 F and
specific gravity of 0.6.
3. From the Operations menu, select Artificial Lift Performance menu and choose the sensitivity
variable system data -> watercut with one value of 60% (representing year 10). The outlet
pressure is 600 psia. Enter gas lift rates of: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mmscfd as
shown below:
4. Run the model and select Oil Rate as the y-axis series. The following plot should be obtained:
Schlumberger
It can be seen that it would be necessary to inject 2.0 mmscfd of lift gas at a depth of 8,000 ft in order
to achieve the target oil production of 3,600 sbbl/d in Year 10.
Schlumberger
Part 2: Single Branch Case Studies
Schlumberger
Case Study 1 - Oil Well/ Black Oil Fluid
Exercise 1. Well Model - System Solution

Given the following basic data, construct a well model and find the flowing bottom hole pressure,
flowing wellhead temperature and production rate for a given wellhead pressure.
Black Oil PVT Data
Stock Tank Properties

Water Cut 10 %
GOR 500 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.8
Water SG 1.05
Oil API 36 (API)
Assume default PVT correlations and no calibration data
Wellbore Data
Deviation Data
Measured Depth (ft) True Vertical Depth (ft)
0 0
1000 1000
2500 2450
5000 4850
7500 7200
9000 8550
Geothermal Gradient
Measured Depth (ft) Ambient Temp. (oF)
0 50
9000 200
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient = 5 btu/hr/ft2/F
Tubing Data
Bottom MD (ft) Internal Diameter (inches)
8600 3.958
9000 6.184
Reservoir & Inflow Data
Completion Model = Well PI

Select Use Vogel Below Bubble Point
Reservoir Pressure 3600 psia

Reservoir Temperature 200 oF
Productivity Index 8 stb/d/psi
Schlumberger
Result
Wellhead Pressure 300 psia

Production Rate ?
Flowing BHP ?
Flowing WHT ?
Method :
Construct Model and enter above data.

Run Operations > Pressure / Temperature Profile
o Enter Given Outlet Pressure (Calculate Liquid Rate).
o Leave Sensitivity Variable empty.
Inspect plot and text output to determine answers.
Schlumberger
Exercise 2. Well Model Nodal Analysis
Using the model from Exercise 1.
Add (insert) a Nodal Analysis icon at bottom hole location.
N.A. Point
Perform a Nodal Analysis operation for a given outlet (wellhead) pressure to determine the
operating point (bottom hole pressure and flowrate) and the AOFP (absolute open flow
potential) of the well ?.
Result
(Outlet) Wellhead Pressure 300 psia

Operating Point Flowrate ?
Operating Point BHP ?
AOFP ?
Method :
Insert the Nodal Analysis icon at bottom hole location (between the completion and the
tubing).
Run Operations Nodal Analysis
o Enter Given Outlet Pressure.
o Leave Inflow Sensitivity and Outflow Sensitivity empty.
Inspect plot to determine answers.
Schlumberger
Exercise 3. Well Model PVT Calibration
The following measured PVT data is available to calibrate and improve the fluid model.
Use the measured data to calibrate the PVT model and re-run Exercise 1. (find the flowing
bottom hole pressure, flowing wellhead temperature and production rate for a given wellhead
pressure) ?.
PVT Calibration Data
OFVF above bubble point = 1.16 @ 3000psia and 200 oF.
Bubble Point Properties

Pressure = 2100 psia, Temperature = 200, Solution Gas = 500 scf/stb
Data Measured at the bubble point.

OFVF = 1.22 @ 2100 psia and 200 oF
Live Oil Viscosity = 1.1 cp @ 2100 psia and 200 oF
Gas viscosity = 0.029 cp @ 2100 psia and 200 oF
Gas Z factor = 0.8 @ 2100 psia and 200 oF
Dead Oil Viscosity Measurements

Viscosity = 1.5 cp @ 200 oF and 10 cp @ 60 oF.
Use the following PVT Correlations :
Property Correlation
Solution gas Lasater
OFVF at / below bubble point Standing
Live oil viscosity Chew & Connally
Undersaturated oil viscosity Vasquez & Beggs
Gas Z Standing
Result

Production Rate ?
Flowing BHP ?
Flowing WHT ?
Method :
Enter the calibration data above into the Black Oil fluid model
Run Operations > Pressure / Temperature Profile
o Enter Given Outlet Pressure (Calculate Liquid Rate).
Schlumberger
Exercise 4. Well Model Flow Correlation Matching
The following FGS survey (flowing pressure survey) is available for the well.
Use the measured data to select the most appropriate vertical flow correlation.
Using the selected flow correlation, determine the flowing bottom hole pressure ?.
Well test & FGS Data
Wellhead pressure 300 psia

Wellhead temperature 130 oF
Liquid Production Rate 6500 stb/d
GOR 500 scf/stb
Water cut 10 %
Flowing Pressure Survey

Depth MD (ft) Pressure (psia)
0 300
1500 560
2500 690
4500 1200
6500 1760
7500 2070
8500 2360
Result

Vertical Correlation ?
Flowing BHP ?
Method :
Go to Operations > Flow Correlation Matching.

Enter the measured depth and pressure data.
o Enter Given Outlet Pressure (Wellhead) and Liquid Rate, and select the Inlet Pressure
as the calculated variable.
Select Flow Correlations (eg. Beggs & Brill Revised, Duns & Ros, Hagedorn & Brown).
Note : Now change the selected model vertical flow correlation in the Setup > Flow
Correlations menu.
Schlumberger
Exercise 5. Well Model IPR Matching
Given the correct flow correlation chosen in Exercise 4, find the correct IPR (Productivity Index)
that matches the test data from Exercise 4, given the reservoir pressure is known to be 3600 psia
?
What is the AOFP of the well with the new PI ?
The Productivity Index is expected to be in the range from 5 to 10 stb/d/psi.
Note : Make sure you have changed the selected model vertical flow correlation in the Setup >
Flow Correlations menu after Exercise 4.
Result

PI ?
AOFP ?
Method A:
Go to Operations > System Analysis.

Enter Outlet Pressure (calculate Liquid Rate).
o For X-axis variable, enter PI values of 5,6,7,8,9and 10.
o Leave Sensitivity Variable 1 empty.
Generate a plot of calculated liquid rate vs. PI.
Identify the PI which gives match to the measured production rate.
Method B:
Go to Operations > Nodal Analysis.

Enter Outlet Pressure.
o For Inflow Sensitivity, enter PI values of 5,6,7and 8.
o Leave Outflow Sensitivity empty.
Generate Nodal Analysis plot.
Identify the PI which gives correct solution point.
Determine AOFP from Inflow (Nodal Analysis) plot.
Note : Now change the completion PI in the well model.
Schlumberger
Exercise 6. Well Model Sensitivity Analysis
Given the current wellhead pressure and reservoir pressure, determine at

what water cut will the well die ?.
Note : Make sure you have changed the completion PI in the well model after
Exercise 5.
Result

Water Cut ?
Method A:

o For X-axis variable, enter water cut values of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%.
Generate a plot of calculated liquid rate vs. water cut.
Identify the water cut at which the calculated production rate drops to zero.
Method B:
Go to Operations > Nodal Analysis.

Enter Outlet Pressure.
o Leave Inflow Sensitivity empty.
o For Outflow Sensitivity, enter water cut values of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%.
Identify the water cut for which there is no solution point.
Schlumberger
Exercise 7. Well Model System Analysis, Artificial Lift.
Examine how this well responds to Gas Lift.
Introduce a Gas Lift Injection point at 8000 ft MD in the tubing equipment.
How does the well respond to gas lift when the water cut is at 10 % and at 60 % ?.
Determine the following liquid production rates for the following gas lift rates and water cut
values ?.
Assume wellhead pressure = 300 psia.

Injection gas SG = 0.6
Injection gas surface temperature = 100 oF.
Result
Water cut = 10% Water cut = 60%

Gas Lift Rate Liq. Prod. Rate Liq. Prod. Rate
(mmscf/d) (stb/d) (stb/d)
0.5
1
1.5
2
Method :
Add a Gas Lift Injection point in the tubing description (enter a default gas lift rate of
1mmscf/d).
o For X-axis variable, enter gas lift rates of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 (mmscf/d).
o For Sensitivity Variable 1 enter water cut values of 10% and 60%.
Generate a plot of calculated liquid rate vs. gas lift rate for different water cuts.
Schlumberger
Case Study 2 - Well Performance Modelling - Nodal

Analysis
Problem Outline :
An oil well is currently producing below capacity. Options for increasing production include stimulation
(acidizing and/or hydraulic fracture) and gas lift.
Nodal Analysis will be performed to determine the relative benefits of these courses of action.
Exercise 1. Well Model

Given the following basic data, construct a well model and perform a Nodal Analysis operation to find
the flowing bottom hole pressure and production rate for the given wellhead pressure. Assume default
flow correlations (Beggs & Brill Revised).
Black Oil PVT Data

Watercut 40 %
GOR 500 scf/STB
Gas SG 0.71
Water SG 1.1
API 26
Bubble Point Calibration Data:

Pressure 2000 psia
Temperature 170 F
Saturated Gas 500 scf/STB
Assume default PVT correlations and no calibration data.
Wellbore Data
Surface Temperature 60 F
Kick-off MD 2000 ft
Perf MD 7500 ft
Perf TD 7000 ft
Reservoir Temp 170 F
Tubing ID 2.992 in
Completion Data
Completion Type : Pseudo steady state.
o Basis of IPR : Liquid.
Use Vogel correction below the bubble point.
Pressure 3700 psia
Temperature 170 F
Permeability 50 md
Thickness 30 ft
Wellbore diameter 6 in
Drainage radius 2000 ft
Skin (mechanical) 3
Use calculated rate dependent skin Schlumberger
Method :
Construct Model and enter above data. Place Nodal Analysis icon at bottom hole.
Run Operations > Nodal Analysis
o Leave Max Rate empty (PIPESIM will calculate rates upto the AOFP)
Result

Production Rate ?
Flowing BHP ?
Schlumberger
Exercise 2. Nodal Analysis Sensitivity to Stimulation & Gas Lift.

Investigate the increase in production through stimulation and gas lift using nodal analysis.
a) Assume that the current skin of 3 can be reduced to 0 if the well is acidized and 2 if
hydraulically fractured.
b) Insert a gas lift injection point at 4500 (with lift gas gravity of 0.6 and a surface gas
temperature of 90F).
What increase in production can be achieved by each approach?
Outlet Pressure = 250 psia.
Oil Production Rates (STBD) Beggs-Brill:
Gas Lift (mmscf/d)

Completion 0 (base) 0.5 1.0 2.0
base (skin = 3)
acidized (skin = 0)
fractured (skin = -2)
Method :
Add a Gas Lift Injection point at 4500. (Assume default gas lit rate = 0).
o For Inflow Sensitivity, enter skin values of 3,0,and -2.
o For Outflow Sensitivity, enter gas lift rate values of 0,0.5,1.0and 2.0 mmscf/d.
Schlumberger
Exercise 3. Nodal Analysis Sensitivity to Flow Correlation.
While the Beggs & Brill correlation is widely used and is the default correlation for PIPESIM, it is useful
to see the results when using alternative correlations. Unlike the Beggs & Brill correlation, Mukherjee
& Brill accounts for effects of viscosity, which for this case may be significant because the oil is
relatively heavy (26 API).
Repeat the nodal analysis using Mukherjee & Brill vertical flow correlation.
Oil Production Rates (STBD) Mukherjee & Brill:
Gas Lift (mmscf/d)

base (skin = 3)
acidized (skin = 0)
fractured (skin = -2)
Method :
Change the vertical flow correlation to Mukherjee & Brill.

o For Inflow Sensitivity, enter skin values of 3,0,and -2.
o For Outflow Sensitivity, enter gas lift rate values of 0,0.5,1.0and 2.0 mmscf/d.
The discrepancy between Beggs & Brill and Mukherjee & Brill, ranges from 1-15%. However, both
cases agree fairly well in terms of relative added benefit shown by sensitivity cases. Notice that in
changing the flow correlation, the inflow curves remain unchanged. This is because Nodal Analysis
decouples the system, creating two independent parts. Ultimately, project economics and future
production potential based on reservoir conditions will weigh heavily in the final decision.
Schlumberger
Case Study 3 - Gas well Performance using a

Compositional Fluid Model
A gas well has been drilled. DST data is available as well as FGS data from a completed
neighbouring identical well. The objective here is to construct a model of the well using the
compositional editor, and then perform various PIPESIM operations on the well to determine certain
characteristics.
Exercise 1: Simple Well Model

The first exercise is to construct a gas well model.
Use the following data for the reservoir and completion:
Reservoir Data
Static Pres 4,600 psia
Reservoir Temp. 280oF
Gas PI 2 x 10-6 MMSCFD/d/psi2
Completion Data
Mid perf TVD 11,000 ft
Mid perf MD 11,000ft
Ambient temp 30oF
EOT MD 10,950 ft
Tubing ID 3.476
Casing ID 8.681
Fluid Model:
Enter the PVT data as per the tables below.
Tasks:
1. Determine the water content at saturation at reservoir conditions.
Schlumberger
2. Generate a phase envelope using the water saturated composition.

3. Determine the flow-rate, bottom-hole flowing pressure, bottom-hole flowing temperature and
well-head temperature given a well-head pressure of 800 psia.
Method:
1. To determine the water content at saturation, enter the given data into the compositional table
in the composition editor, from the Setup Menu. Add some water (ie 20 moles). Go to the
Single point flash tab, click the PT radio button, enter the given reservoir P/T, and read the
water content for the vapour fraction from the screen. Enter this value and the re-normalised
hydrocarbon composition back into the compositional editors main screen.
2. To generate a phase envelope, click on the Phase Envelope button in the main
compositional editor screen (where the composition was entered). Do this for the composition
with the aqueous fraction.
3.
Build a simple completion using the completion icon, tubing icon and an outlet node.
Enter the given gas PI and reservoir pressure and temperature in the completion inflow
section, and the given tubing information in the tubing section.
Run a Pressure/Temperature Profile from the Operations drop-down menu using an
outlet pressure of 800 psia. The flow-rate, pressures and temperatures can be found in
the Summary File, from the Reports drop-down menu.
Compositional PVT Data (no water)
Composition (%)
C1 78
C2 8
C3 3.5
iC4 1.2
nC4 1.5
iC5 .8
nC5 .5
C6 .5
C7+ 6
Stock tank Properties

C7+ BP 214oF
+
C7 MW 115
C7+ SG 0.683
Flow Correlation
Select Duns & Ros vertical flow correlation
Results:
Pres = 4,600 psia, Tres = 280oF

% H2O @ saturation
Po = 800 psia
QG
Pwf
BHT
WHT
Schlumberger
Exercise 2: Calibrate Inflow Model

The Back Pressure equation can be used to determine the IPR of a Pseudo Steady State gas well
using test data. In this exercise, we will use the Back Pressure Inflow model to represent the inflow
relationship.
Tasks:
1. Using the below DST data, calculate the C and n parameters.
well-head temperature using the new inflow model.
Method:
1. Double-click on the completion icon then select the Back Pressure Equation from the drop-
down menu. Click on Calculate/Graph, then enter the test data in the dialogue box.
2. Re-run the Pressure/Temperature Profile operation as in Exercise 1 Task 3.
DST data for Back Pressure Equation
QGas (MMSCFD) Pwf (psia)

9.728 3000
11.928 2500
14.336 1800
Results:
Back Pressure Equation

Parameter C
Parameter n
Po = 800 psia
QG
Pwf
BHT
WHT
Schlumberger
Exercise 3: Perform Nodal Analysis at bottom-hole

Nodal analysis can be used to determine the optimum tubing size. The available tubing sizes have
IDs of 2.992, 3.958, 4.892 and 6.184.
Tasks:
1. Perform nodal analysis using the available tubing sizes.
2. Plot the depth versus erosional velocity ratio from the profile plot for all tubing sizes.
well-head temperature for 3.958 ID tubing at an outlet pressure of 800 psia. What is the
erosional velocity ratio for this tubing at the wellhead. Continue using this tubing size in all
subsequent exercises.
Method:
1. Use the Nodal Analysis option from the Operations drop-down menu. You will need to enter
a Nodal Analysis icon if you have not done so already. Enter in the tubing IDs as the Outflow
sensitivity.
2. Run a Pressure/Temperature profile using the tubing size as the sensitivity (remember to
activate the sensitivity). From the profile plot, change the x-axis to Erosional Velocity Ratio
by selecting the Series option from the toolbar.
3. Look in the Summary File for the flow-rate, bottom-hole flowing pressure, bottom-hole flowing
temperature and well-head temperature for the 3.958 tubing.
Results:
Po = 800 psia
QG
Pwf
BHT
WHT
Well-head, 3.958 tubing

Erosional velocity ratio
Exercise 4: System Analysis

System Analysis can be used to model the gas rate vs reservoir pressure for the different tubing sizes
(amongst other things).
Task:
Generate a chart to show the variation of gas rate with the reservoir pressure for the different tubing
sizes. Use a wellhead pressure of 800 psia. Use reservoir pressures of 4600, 4200, 3800, 3400 psia.
Method:
Select System Analysis from the Operations drop-down menu. Use the Reservoir Pressure as the x-
axis variable and tubing ID as the sensitivity variable. Run the model and view the resultant plot.
Schlumberger
Exercise 5: Flow-line and Choke

Add a flow-line and a choke to the model using the below data.
Flow-line Details
Flow-line length (ft) 300
Flow-line ID 6
Pipe Roughness (in) 0.001
Wall thickness (in) 0.5
Ambient Temp (F) 60
Note: enter any choke size you wish as this will be overridden by the sensitivity variable
Task:
Using the mechanistic choke model, determine the choke size (mechanistic choke model) that results
in a manifold pressure of 710 psia (manifold is at end of flow-line) using the gas rate as calculated in
Exercise 3, Task 3. Ensure that the tubing ID is 3.958.
Method:
The operation Pressure/Temperature Profiles can be used for this task. Using choke size as the
sensitivity (a good estimate would be from 1 to 3 in increments of ), look in the Summary File to
find the choke size that gives the correct outlet pressure (710 psia). Note that the wellhead pressure
will remain at 800 psia. Use a flow-rate of 15.7 MMSCFD if unable to get results for Exercise 3.
Results:
Po = 710 psia
Choke size
Continue using that choke size in model (double click on the choke and enter that choke size).
Schlumberger
Exercise 6: Higher liquid loading / Flow Correlation Matching

In the future it is expected that there will be a higher liquid loading due to increased condensate
production as the reservoir pressure declines to 4300 psia. Reactivate flowline and choke. Ensure
choke bean size is 2.
Tasks:
1. Save the model under a new name, then enter the heavier composition with higher liquid
fraction. Determine the water content at saturation at the lower reservoir pressure, then
proceed with the following tasks and exercises.
2. Using the FGS data determine the best vertical multi-phase flow correlation for use in this well.
Choose from Beggs & Brill Revised, Duns & Ros, and Hagedorn & Brown. Find the mean
arithmetic and absolute differences for the chosen correlation. Continue using that correlation.
Use an outlet pressure of 800 psia for this operation.
3. Using the heavier composition and chosen vertical multi-phase flow correlation, determine the
new gas flow-rate, bottom hole flowing pressure and actual liquid flow at the perforations and
outlet for a manifold pressure of 710 psia.
Method:
1. Determine the water content at saturation for the new composition as per the same method in
Exercise 1 using the compositional editor.
2. De-activate choke and flow-line for this operation (hence the outlet pressure of 800 psia will be
the well-head pressure). From the Operations menu, select Flow Correlation Matching.
Enter in the FGS data, check the correlations to be used, then click on the Run Model button.
Look in the Output File for the mean arithmetic and absolute differences.
3. Run a Pressure/Temperature Profile Operation using an inlet pressure of 4300 psia, then look
in Output File for actual liquid flows
Compositional PVT Data (higher condensate fraction)
Composition (%)
C1 75
C2 6
C3 3
iC4 1
nC4 1
iC5 1
nC5 .5
C6 .5
C7+ 12
FGS Data
Depth (ft) Pressure (psia)

3,000 950
6,000 1,095
9,000 1,250
11,000 1,365
Producing gas rate during FGS = 13.4 MMSCFD

Wellhead Pressure during FGS = 800 psia
Schlumberger
Results:

% H2O @ saturation
Po = 800 psia
Best Correlation
Mean arithmetic difference (%)
Mean absolute difference (%)
Po = 710 psia
QG
Pwf
QL @ mid-perfs (act)
QL @ outlet (act)
Exercise 7: Liquid Hold-up fraction and Flow Regime Map

Tasks:
1. Determine the liquid volume fraction and hold-up fraction at the bottom of the well, at the top of
the well, and at the end of the flow-line.
2. Generate a flow regime map for the end of the flow-line. Look at the flow-map and determine
the flow regime at the end of the flow-line.
Method:
1. Re-run the Pressure/Temperature Profile Operation as performed in Exercise 6, Task 3. Look
in Auxiliary Output Page at the bottom of the Output File.
2. Add the report icon at the end of the flow-line and select Flow Map. Re-run the model. The
flow regime at the end of the flow-line can be determined from both the Summary File and
Output file. The flow map can be viewed at the bottom of the Output File.
Results:
Liquid Volume Fraction, Po = 710 psia

xVL @ bottom-hole
xVL @ WH
xVL @ end flow-line
Flow regime end FL
Liquid Hold-up Fraction, Po = 710 psia

xHL @ bottom-hole
xHL @ WH
xHL @ end flow-line
Note: xVL = liquid volume fraction

xHL = liquid hold-up fraction
Schlumberger
Exercise 8: Pressure/Temperature path from Reservoir

Tasks:
1. Plot the PT path from the reservoir to the end of the flow-line on the phase diagram.
2. Will hydrate formation be a problem?
Method:
1. Select phase envelope in the report icon, run the Pressure/Temperature Profile from Exercise
7, Task 2, then change the axes on profile plot to Pressure vs Temperature.
2. From the generated plot, if the operating line crosses the hydrate formation line, hydrate
formation will occur.
Results:
Ambient Temp = 30oF

Hydrate formation?
Exercise 9: Pressure Drop due to increased condensate production
The increased liquid loading is expected to cause a higher pressure drop through the production
system.
Tasks:
1. Calculate the well-bore pressure drop across the formation, tubing, choke and flow-line for a
gas flow-rate of 13 MMSCFD
Method:
1. Run a Pressure/Temperature Profile operation using a gas rate of 13 MMSCFD. Check the
appropriate check-box so that it calculates the outlet pressure for the given gas rate.
Results:
Heavier composition
P Reservoir
P Tubing
P Choke
P Flow-line
Schlumberger
Exercise 10: Rigorous Flashing

To reduce solving time, the calculation engine does not perform a flash at every pipe segment to
determine the average fluid properties across the given segment, instead it interpolates the properties
at each segment based on the results of an initial series of flashes performed prior to iterating. By
selecting the Rigorous Flash option from the Flashing section of the Setup menu, the fluid will be
flashed and the properties averaged at every pipe segment. This method is more accurate, and can
occasionally cause significantly different results, particularly when operating near a phase boundary.
The trade-off with using the more accurate Rigorous Flash option is the solving time, which is
significantly longer.
Task:
Repeat Exercises 6 (Task 3) and 8 (tasks 1 and 2) using the rigorous flash option. Compare the
results. Why are there any differences?
Po = 710 psia
QG
Pwf
QL @ mid-perfs (act)
QL @ outlet (act)
Ambient Temp = 30oF

Hydrate formation?
Schlumberger
Case Study 4 ESP Selection / Design

This case study will demonstrate the following workflow :
1. Analyse a wells requirement for artificial lift.

2. Select an appropriate ESP pump.
3. Calculate the number of stages required for design conditions.
4. Evaluate the variable speed performance of the pump.
5. Evaluate the pump performance with varying well conditions.
Exercise 1. Well Model Nodal Analysis
Given the following basic data, construct a well model and perform a Nodal Analysis at bottom hole.
Assume no pump in the well at this stage.
Confirm that the well will not flow naturally.
Black Oil PVT Data

Water Cut = 90%
GOR = 80 m3/m3 (449scf/stb)
Oil Gravity = 876 kg/m3 (30o API)
Gas Gravity = 0.984
Water SG = 1.026
Bubble Point = 152.8 bara (2216 psia) at 142.2 oC (288 oF)

Formation Volume Factor = 1.33 rb/stb at bubble point.
Oil Viscosity = 0.54 cp at bubble point
Wellbore Data
Vertical well
Perforation depth 2863m (9393 ft)
Flow is in :
41/2 (3.958 ID) tubing from surface to 2500 m
95/8 (8.681 ID) casing from 2500m to 2863 m *
* (note the pump setting depth in the next exercise will be at 2500 m)
Surface Ambient Temperature = 20 oC (68 oF)

Reservoir Pressure = 250 bara (3625 psia)
Reservoir Temperature = 142.2 oC (288 oF)
Productivity Index = 28.5 m3/d/bar (12.4 stb/d/psi)
Use nonlinear correction below bubble point
Use Hagedorn & Brown Vertical Flow Correlation.
Method :
Construct Well Model and enter above data. Place Nodal Analysis icon at bottom hole.
Schlumberger
Inspect plot.
Exercise 2. Pump Selection / Design
Given the design conditions below, determine the following :
1. The number of stages required using a Reda HN13000 pump.

2. The motor HP required.
3. Generate a Pump Performance Plot showing the potential operating (flowrate) range for
varaible frequency between 50 to 70 Hz.
4. From the Pump Performance Plot, determine at what flowrate the pump suction pressure falls
below the bubble point.
Design Conditions :
Design Production Rate = 1600 sm3/d
Design Wellhead (Outlet) Pressure = 8 barg
Pump setting depth = 2500 m (i.e. within the 95/8 (8.681 ID) casing
Design Frequency = 60 Hz
(assume no gas separator present, no viscosity correction and a head factor of 1).
Result
1). No. of stages (HN13000) ?

2). Motor HP required ?
3). Flowrate range for 50 70 Hz. ?
4). Flowrate for Psuction < Pbubble point ?
Method :
Go to Design > ESP Design in top menu.

Enter the Pump Design Data given.
Click the Select Pump button. (This will filter the pump database for all pumps which meet
the design criteria).
Select Manufacturer to Reda.
Highlight and select the Reda HN13000 pump.
Click on the Calculate button in Pump Parameters section. (This will calculate the pump
parameters).
Read the No. of stages required.
Read the motor HP required.
Click on the Pump Performance Plot at the bottom of the Pump Parameters section.
Read off the flowrate at the intersection of the Well System Curve and the 50Hz and 70 Hz
pump curves.
Read off the intersection of the pump suction pressure curve and the bubble point curve.
Schlumberger
Exercise 3. Pump performance with varying well conditions
Now install the selected pump in your well model by clicking on the Install Pump button at
the bottom of the Pump Parameters section.
Determine the flowrate of the well when the water cut increases to to 95% (assuming the same
number of stages and design speed).
Result
Production Rate (95% wcut) ?
Method :
Install the pump in your well model by clicking on the Install Pump button at the bottom of the
Pump Parameters section.
Enter Outlet Pressure (i.e. select calculated variable = Liquid Rate).
o For X-axis variable, enter watercut values of 90 and 95 %
Generate a plot of calculated liquid rate vs. watercut.
Read off the production rate for water cut 95%..
Schlumberger
Case Study 5 Pipeline and Facilities

(Compositional Fluid model)
Overview
Five condensate wells are to produce into a subsea manifold, through a subsea tieback and up a riser
to a platform. The oil and gas are then to be separated, with the oil pumped to shore and the gas
compressed to shore. The expected production rate is 14,000 STBD and the system will be designed
to accommodate between 8,000 STBD (turndown case) and 16,000 STBD should the wells produce
more than expected. The engineer is asked to perform the following tasks:
1) Develop a compositional model of the hydrocarbon phases
2) Size the subsea tieback line and riser
3) Screen the for severe slugging at riser base
4) Determine the pipeline insulation requirement
5) Size a slug catcher
Exercise 1: Develop the compositional PVT model based on the following data:
Pure Hydrocarbon Components

Component Moles
Methane 75
Ethane 6
Propane 3
Isobutane 1
Butane 1
Isopentane 1
Pentane 0.5
Hexane 0.5
Petroleum Fraction
Name Boiling Point Molecular Specific Moles
(F) Weight Gravity
C7+ 214 115 0.683 12
Aqueous Component
Component Volume ratio
(%bbl/bbl)
Water 10
Method:
1) Use the <setup/compositional...> menu to enter the pure components given at the end of the
case study. Select the pure hydrocarbon components from the component database. Multiple
selection is possible by holding down the control key. When all pure hydrocarbon components
have been selected, press the "Add>>" button.
2) Select the "Petroleum Fractions" tab and characterise the petroleum fraction "C7+" by entering
the petroleum fraction name, the BP, MW, and SG in row 1. Highlight the row by pressing on
the row 1 button and then press the "Add to composition>>" button.
3) Return to the "Component Selection" tab and enter the number of moles for C7+.
4) Generate the hydrocarbon phase envelope by pressing the "Phase Envelope" button.
Schlumberger
Exercise 2: Size Subsea Tieback

Determine the required ID for the subsea tieback such that the separator pressure for the maximum
expected rate is no less than 400 psia. The riser must be the same ID as the tieback. In addition,
ensure that the errosional velocity is not exceeded. First, build the physical model as shown below with
the following data:
Schlumberger
Manifold
Outlet pressure 1500 psia
Temperature 176 F
Subsea tieback
Rate of undulations 0'/1000' (not hilly)
Horizontal Distance 6 miles
Elevational difference 0' (horizontal)
Available ID's 9,10,11 "
Heat Transfer:
Ambient temperature 38 F
Pipe thermal conductivity 35 Btu/hr/ft/F
Insulation thermal conductivity 0.15 Btu/hr/ft/F
Insulation thicknesses available 0.75" + 0.25"
increments
Ambient fluid water
Ambient fluid velocity 1.5 ft/sec
Burial depth -5.5 " (not burried)
Ground conductivity 1.5 Btu/hr/ft/F
Riser (use detailed profile)

Horizontal Distance 0' (vertical pipe)
Elevational difference 1600'
Available ID's 9,10,11 "
Heat Transfer:
Ambient temperature @ riser base 38 F
Ambient temperature @ 1200' 42 F
Ambient temperature @ topsides 68 F
Pipe thermal conductivity 35 Btu/hr/ft/F
Insulation thermal conductivity 0.15 Btu/hr/ft/F
Insulation thicknesses available 0.75" + 0.25"
increments
Ambient fluid water
Ambient fluid velocity 1.5 ft/sec
Method:
1) Perform a System Analysis with the minimum, maximum and expected flow rates as the x-axis
variable, and the available IDs for the flowline and riser as Change in Step sensitivity
variables.
2) Determine the minimum flowline ID that satisfies the separator pressure requirement for the
maximum flow rate.
3) Change the y-axis to display Errosional Velocity Ratio and check to ensure that the selected
flowline ID does not exceed an errosional velocity ratio of 1.0.
Schlumberger
Result
Pipeline and Riser ID:

Max. errosional velocity ratio
for selected ID
Min. Separator pressure for
selected ID
Max. separator pressure for
selected ID
Exercise 3: Check for Severe Slugging
Based on the ID selected above, determine the likelihood of severe slugging occurring at the riser
base. Severe riser slugging is likely in a pipeline system followed by a riser under the following
conditions:
1. The presence a long slightly downward inclined pipeline prior to the riser.
2. Fluid flowing in the "stratified" or "segregated" flow regime (as opposed to the usual "slug" or
"intermittent" flow regime).
3. A slug number (PI-SS) of lower than 1.0.
Method:
1) Configure the y-axis of the System Analysis plot to display the PI-SS number. This
represents the maximum value of the PI-SS number along the flowline.
2) View the Summary Report (Reports -> Summary File), to determine the prevalent flow
regime at the riser base for the different rates.
Result 8000 STBD 14000 STBD 16000 STBD
PI-SS number at riser base
Flow pattern at riser base
Schlumberger
Exercise 4: Select tieback insulation thickness

Using the tieback/riser ID selected above, determine the thickness of insulation required for both the
flowline and riser such that the temperature of the fluid does not come within 10F of the Hydrate curve
for all possible flow rates.
Method:
1) Start with an insulation thickness of 0.75. Ensure that phase envelope is checked in the
Report Tool (located upstream of separator) and perform a pressure-temperature profile with
Separator (outlet) pressure as the calculated variable and with flowrates as the sensitivity
variables.
2) Use the Series menu on the resulting plot to change the x-axis to Temperature.
3) Observe the production path on the phase envelope and its proximity to the Hydrate curve.
4) If required, perform successive runs while increasing the thickness by 0.25 each time until
sufficient.
Result
Req. Insulation thickness
Exercise 5: Size Slug Catcher

Determine the required size of the slug catcher based on the largest of following criteria multiplied by a
safety factor of 1.2.
1. The requirement to handle the largest slugs envisaged (chosen to be statistically the 1/1000
population slug size).
2. The requirement to handle liquid swept in front of a pig.
Method:
1.) Ensure that slugging values and sphere generated liquid volume are selected in the report
tool.
2.) Under Setup -> Define Output, select 3 cases to print
3.) Re-run pressure-temperature profile open output report. This report provides the full output of
each sensitivity with Report Tool selections appended to the bottom of each sensitivity output.
For each sensitivity, scroll down to this section and read the reported 1/1000 slug volume
and Total Sphere Generated Liquid Volume So Far.
8000
Result STBD 14000 STBD 16000 STBD
1/1000 slug volume (ft3)
Sphere generated liquid volume (ft3)
Design volume for slug catcher (ft3)
Schlumberger
Notes on SGLV Calculation:
When a sphere is introduced into the line, it will gather in front of itself a liquid slug made from "all the
liquid that is flowing slower than the mean fluid flowrate in the pipeline at any given point". Thus the
crucial value that determines Sphere Generated Liquid Volume (SGLV) is the Slip Ratio(SR), which is
the average speed of the fluid divided by the speed of the liquid. If the liquid and gas move at the
same speed, the slip ratio will be 1, i.e. there is 'no slip' between the phases. In this situation the
sphere will not collect any liquid, so the SGLV will be zero. Normally the liquidflows slower than the
gas, i.e.. the slip ratio is greater than 1, so "some" of the liquid in the pipeline will collect in front of the
sphere to form the SGLV. The only way that "all" of the liquid in the pipeline will collect to form the
SGLV, is if the liquid velocity is zero, i.e.. the slip ratio is infinite. This cannot happen in a steady-state
reality, so the SGLV is always smaller than the total liquid holdup.
Schlumberger
Case Study 6 Gas Lift Design, New Mandrel

spacing:
This case study will demonstrate the following workflow:
1. Analyse a wells requirement for artificial lift.

2. Perform a Gas Lift Design for the well using the IPO Surface Close method.
Exercise 1. Well Model Nodal Analysis:

Given the following basic data, construct a well model and perform a Nodal Analysis at bottom hole.
Assume no gas lift valves in the well at this stage.
Confirm that the well will not flow naturally. Assume wellhead pressure = 110 psig.
Black Oil PVT Data

Water Cut = 55%
GOR = 300 scf/stb
Oil Gravity = 32o API
Gas Gravity = 0.64
Water SG = 1.05
Flow Correlation
Select Hagedorn and Brown Vertical Flow correlation.
Wellbore Data
Vertical well:
MD (ft) TVD (ft)
0 0
7550 7550
Perforation depth 7550 MD
Geothermal Survey:
MD (ft) Ambient (F) U Value (Btu/hr/ft2/F)
Temp
0 50 2
7550 175 2
Flow is in:
2 7/8 (2.441 ID) tubing from surface to 7500 ft
7 (6.184 ID) casing from 7500 ft to 7550ft

Reservoir Pressure = 2800 psig
Reservoir Temperature = 175 oF
Productivity Index = 2.5 stb/d/psi
Use Vogel below bubble point
Method:
Construct Well Model and enter above data. Place Nodal Analysis icon at bottom hole.
Schlumberger

o Leave Max Rate empty (PIPESIM will calculate rates up to the AOFP)
Inspect plot.
Exercise 2: Lift Gas Response
Using the Lift Gas Response operation, determine the gas lift rate that will be used for the design.
Use sensitivity values 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 5 mmscf/d for the gas lift rate. Use sensitivity
values of 150 and 250 psi for the Minimum injection gas P (to investigate its effect on injection
depth).
Use an injection gas surface pressure of 1000 psig and assume an injection gas surface temperature
of 80 F.
Method:
Run the Lift Gas Response operation in the Artificial lift menu, Gas lift submenu.
Exercise 3: Gas Lift Design
Given the design conditions below, determine the following:
1. Determine the required Mandrel spacing to unload the well.

2. The test rack pressure of each of the unloading valves.
Design Conditions:
Design Control:
Design Spacing: New Spacing.

Design Method: IPO-Surface Close.
Top Valve Location: Assume Liquid to Surface.
Manufacturer: SLB (Camco)
Type: IPO
Size: 1 (Tubing size 2 7/8 < 3 )
Series: BK-1.
Min Port Diameter: None.
Unloading Temperature: Default (Unloading)
Production Pressure Curve: Production Pressure Model.
Design Parameters:
Kickoff Pressure: 1000 psig.

Available Injection Pressure: 1000 psig.
Unloading Prod. Pressure: 110 psig.
Operating Prod. Pressure 110 psig.
Target Injection Gas Flowrate: 1.25 mmscf/d.
Injection gas Surface Temp: 80 F.
Inj Gas Specific Gravity: 0.64.
Unloading Gradient: 0.465 psi/ft.
Minimum Valve Spacing: Calculated.
Schlumberger
Minimum Valve Inj DP: 150 psi

Bracketing Options: Not selected.
Safety Factors:
Surface Close Pressure Drop Between Valves: 15 psi.

Locating DP at Valve Location: 50 psi.
Transfer Factor: 0.
Place Orifice at operating valve location: Yes.
Discharge Coefficient for Orifice: 0.865
Result
Valve Valve Port Ptro Open Close Gas Rate Unloading Max Valve Valve Injection Cd
Depth Series Size Pres @ Pres @ (Unloading) Liq Rate Throughput Temp Pressure
Surface Surface Drop
Method:
Go to Design > Gas Lift Design in top menu.

Enter the Gas Lift Design Data given.
Click on Perform Design.
Schlumberger
Case Study 7 Gas Lift Design, Current Mandrel

spacing:
This case study will demonstrate the following workflow:
1. Install a Gas Lift Valve system in the tubing.

2. Perform a Deepest Injection Point operation to find the maximum depth that could be
achieved. (Using Pinj = 1000 psig and Lift gas rate = 1.25 mmscf/d)
3. Perform a Gas Lift response operation to produce a graph of oil rate vs. lift gas rate.
4. Design the gas lift system using the current mandrel spacing.
Exercise 1: Installing a Gas Lift valve system, Deepest Injection Point Operation:
Open the model created during the previous case study. Insert the following Gas lift valve system into
the tubing user form.
Equipment MD Properties Label

Gas Lift Valve 1500 IPO-1/8 BK-1
Method:
-Insert the spacing shown above in the tubing user form (in the down hole equipment tab).
-Perform a Deepest Injection Point operation using a lift gas rate of 1.25 mmscf/d and an injection
pressure or 1000psig.
Exercise 2: Generate Gas lift response curves
Perform a Lift Gas Response operation to produce a graph of oil rate vs. lift gas rate (Use Minimum
gas injection Delta P of 150 psi and 250 psi as the sensitivity and lift gas rates of 0-0,1-0,2-0,3-0,5-0,7-
1-2-3-5 mmscf/d.
Method:
-In the Lift Gas Response user form select injection at valve depth only.
Exercise 3: Design the gas lift system using the current mandrel spacing
Given the design conditions (Identical to case study 5), and the current mandrel spacing perform the
gas lift design.
Method:
-Select current spacing in the design control tab prior to performing the design. Use 1.25 mmscf/d as
the lift gas rate.
Schlumberger
Part 3: Network Modeling Tutorials
Schlumberger
Network Tutorial 1: Looped Gathering Network

Overview
The deliverability of a production network is to be established. The network connects three producing
gas wells in a looped gathering system and delivers commingled product to a single delivery point. The
engineer is asked to perform the following tasks:-
- Build a model of the network.
- Specify the network boundary conditions.
- Solve the network and establish the deliverability.
The engineering data available is given at the end of this case study.
Step 1. Build a Model of the Network

The following steps are to be carried out:
- Enter the engineering data for the first well.

- Copy the data to wells 2 and 3.
- Modify the data for well 3.
- Specify the composition at each production well.
- Connect the network together.
- Define the engineering data for each branch.
Open PIPESIM and go to <file/new> to open a new Network model and save this in your training
directory (e.g. as file c:\training\pn01.bpn). Use the production well button to place Well 1 in the work
area as shown below.
production well button production well
Double click on Well_1 to reveal the components as shown below:-
Double click on the vertical completion to enter the inflow performance data. Enter a gas PI of 0.0004
mmscf/d/psi2. The reservoir temperature and pressure will be entered later when the network
boundary conditions are specified (see page 2-5). Double click on the tubing and select Simple
Model as the preferred tubing model. Define a vertical tubing with a wellhead MD of 0 and mid
Schlumberger
perforations TVD and MD of 4500 ft. The ambient temperatures are 130 F at mid perforations and 60
F at the wellhead. The tubing has an I.D. of 2.4". Note that the essential data fields are shown in red
outline (if the fields are not outlined, then data entry in these fields is optional).
Close the view of Well 1 to return to the network view. Select "Well_1" and using the commands
<edit/copy> <edit/paste> copy "Well_1" to "Well_2" and "Well_3". Position the new wells as shown
below:-
You will see that Wells 2 and 3 have adopted the data of Well 1.
Double click on Well 3 and modify the completion and tubing data. Double click on the vertical
completion to enter the inflow performance data. Enter a gas PI of 0.0005 mmscf/d/psi2. Double click
on the tubing, and define a vertical tubing with a wellhead TVD of 0 and mid perforations TVD and MD
of 4900 ft. The ambient temperatures are 140 F at mid perforations and 60 F at the wellhead. The
tubing has an I.D. of 2.4".
Close the view of Well 3 to return to the network view.
The next step is to define the compositions at the production wells. Wells 1 & 2 are producing from the
same reservoir and have the same composition. Well 3 has a different composition as shown in the
data section at the end of the case study. The most efficient way define the compositions is to set the
more prevalent composition (i.e. that for Wells 1 and 2) as the global composition and then to specify
the composition of Well 3 as a local variant. The composition of Wells 1 and 2 is the same as that for
the single branch model case study 5 and can be imported. First save the current network model.
Open the single branch case study 5 (e.g. c:\training\ps05.bps). Use the <setup/compositional...>
menu and the export button to export the composition to a file called "comp1.pvt". Now close the single
branch model case study 5. In the network model, use the <setup/compositional...> menu and the
import button to import comp1.pvt as the global composition. Click the right mouse button over Well 3,
select fluid model and modify the composition to be locally defined as given at the end of this case
study. The import function can be used again.
Now position the sink and some junction nodes. Note that holding down the "Shift" key whilst placing
junction nodes allows multiple placement, you should release the "Shift" key before the final
placement. The network should now look like this:
Schlumberger
Using the branch button connect J_1 to J_2. To do this, click on the branch button, then hold down
the left mouse button over J_1 and drag the mouse pointer to J_2 before releasing the left mouse
button.
branch button branch connected
Double click on the arrow in the centre of "B1" to enter data for that branch. Now double click on the
flowline to enter the following data:-
Rate of undulations: 10/1000

Horizontal distance: 30,000 ft
Elevation difference: 0 ft
Inner diameter: 6"
Wall thickness: 0.5"
Roughness: 0.001"
Ambient temperature: 60 F
Close the "B1" window to return to the network view. As the looped gathering lines are all identical, the
data for branch "B1" should be propagated to the other looped gathering lines. Select "B1" by clicking
on the arrow in the middle of the branch and using the commands <edit/copy> <edit/paste> copy "B1"
to "B2", "B3", and "B4". Position the new branches as shown below:
In order to reconnect a pasted branch, first pick the arrow in the middle of the new branch. You will see
that highlight boxes appear at either end of the branch. Move the mouse pointer over the right hand
Schlumberger
highlight box, and you will see that the mouse pointer changes to an "up arrow" shape (). This end of
the branch can then be dragged and dropped onto a junction node. Now connect the wells to the
adjacent junction node and connect "J_4" to the sink as shown below:
Now enter the components and data for branch "B5". Branch "B5" comprises a liquid separator with an
efficiency of 100%, a compressor with a pressure differential of +400 psi and an efficiency of 70%, an
aftercooler with an outlet temperature of 120 F and a delta P of 15 psi, and a flowline with the
following properties:-
Rate of undulations: 10/1000

Horizontal distance: 10,000 ft
Elevation difference: 0 ft
Inner diameter: 8"
Wall thickness: 0.5"
Roughness: 0.001"
Ambient temperature: 60 F
The equipment is located at "J_4" as shown below:-
Note that you should use the connector tool to join the equipment together.
Task 2. Specify the Network Boundary Conditions

First it is necessary to summarise the rules for specification of network boundary conditions. The
network module solves the fluid pressures, temperatures, and flowrates around a network for a user-
specified set of boundary conditions.
The following definitions are used:-
Lone Node: A lone node is a node with only one branch connected, i.e. a production well, an injection
well, a source or a sink.
Schlumberger
Boundary conditions: The fluid pressure, temperature, and flowrate at each lone node in the network.
The following rules apply:-
Rule for Temperatures: The fluid temperature at all sources and the static reservoir temperature at all
production wells must be specified by the user. The fluid temperature at all sinks and injection wells is
always calculated by the network module.
Rules for Pressures and Flowrates: There are two rules for specification of pressure and flowrate
boundary conditions:-
Rule 1 - Degrees of Freedom. The total number of flowrates, pressures and PQ curves specified must
equal the total number of lone nodes.
Rule 2 - At Least one Pressure. A least one pressure must be specified at one of the lone nodes.
All unspecified pressures and flowrates are calculated by the network module.
In this case study, the above rules will be satisfied by doing the following
- Specify all the fluid inlet temperatures

- Specify all the fluid inlet pressures and the delivery pressure.
Use the <Setup/boundary conditions> menu to specify the boundary conditions below:-
Node Pressure Temperature

Well_1 2900 psia 130 F
Sink_1 800 psia (calculated variable)
Note that all of the flowrates will be calculated by the network module. It is also necessary to enter
these values via the well view.
Task 3. Solve the Network and Establish the Deliverability

First it is necessary to explain the network tolerance. A network has converged when the pressure
balance and mass balance at each node is within the specified tolerance.
The calculated pressure at each branch entering and leaving a node is averaged. The tolerance of
each pressure is calculated from the equation:-
Ptol = I(P - Pave.)/Pave. x 100%I
If all Ptol values are within the specified network tolerance then that node has passed the pressure
convergence test. This is repeated for each node.
The total mass flowrate into and the total mass flowrate out of a node are averaged. The tolerance is
calculated from the equation:-
Ftol = I(Tot. mass flowrate in - Tot. mass flowrate ave.)/Tot. mass flowrate ave. x 100%I
If the Ftol value is within the specified network tolerance then that node has passed the mass
convergence test. This is repeated for each node.
When all of the above conditions are satisfied, the network has converged.
In this case study, the following steps are required:-
Schlumberger
- Set the network tolerance.

- Run the model.
- View the tabular reports.
- View the graphical reports.
Use the <setup/options/network iterations> menu to set the network tolerance to 1%.
Save the model, and then press the run button .
When the network has solved you should get the message "pn01 - Finished OK". Press the "OK"
button.
Press the report tool button and you will see that the sink gas flowrate is 41.55 mmscf/d.
More comprehensive tabular reporting is available using the summary file button .
Select the flow route from "Well_3", branch "B3" and branch "B5". Hold the "Shift" key down in order to
effect a multiple selection. Then press the profile plot button . The following pressure profile for
these three branches should be obtained. The effect of the compressor at "J_4" on the system
pressure can be seen:-
Schlumberger
Data Available
Layout:-
The network is laid out as shown below:-
Completion and Tubing Data:-

Wells 1 & 2 Well 3
Gas PI 0.0004 mmscf/d/psi2 0.0005 mmscf/d/psi2
Wellhead TVD 0 0
Mid Perforations TVD 4500 ft 4900 ft
Mid Perforations MD 4500 ft 4900 ft
Tubing I.D. 2.4" 2.4"
Wellhead Ambient Temperature 60 F 60 F
Mid Perforations Ambient Temperature 130 F 140 F
Pure Hydrocarbon Components (Wells 1 & 2):-

Component Moles
Methane 75
Ethane 6
Propane 3
Isobutane 1
Butane 1
Isopentane 1
Pentane 0.5
Hexane 0.5
Petroleum Fraction (Wells 1 & 2):-

Name Boiling Point Molecular Weight Specific Gravity Moles
(F)
C7+ 214 115 0.683 12
Aqueous Component (Wells 1 & 2):-

Component Volume ratio (%bbl/bbl)
Water 10
Schlumberger
Pure Hydrocarbon Components (Well 3):-

Component Moles
Methane 73
Ethane 7
Propane 4
Isobutane 1.5
Butane 1.5
Isopentane 1.5
Pentane 0.5
Hexane 0.5
Petroleum Fraction (Wells 3):-

Name Boiling Point Molecular Weight Specific Gravity Moles
(F)
C7+ 214 115 0.683 10.5
Aqueous Component (Well 3):-

Component Volume ratio (%bbl/bbl)
Water 5
Data for Looped Gathering Lines (B1, B2, B3, and B4):-
Rate of undulations 10/1000
Horizontal distance 30,000 ft
Elevation difference 0 ft
Inner diameter 6"
Wall thickness 0.5"
Roughness 0.001"
Ambient temperature 60 F
Overall heat transfer coefficient 0.2 Btu/hr/ft2/F
Data for Deliver Line (B5):-

Separator type Liquid
Separator efficiency 100%
Compressor differential pressure 400 psi
Compressor efficiency 70%
Aftercooler outlet temperature 120 F
Aftercooler delta P 15 psi
Flowline Rate of undulations 10/1000
Flowline Horizontal distance 10,000 ft
Flowline Elevation difference 0 ft
Flowline Inner diameter 8"
Flowline Wall thickness 0.5"
Flowline Roughness 0.001"
Flowline Ambient temperature 60 F
Flowline Overall heat transfer coefficient 0.2 Btu/hr/ft2/F
Boundary Conditions:-
Node Pressure Temperature
Sink_1 800 psia (calculated variable)
Schlumberger
Network Tutorial 2: Gas Transmission Network

Features Illustrated
Gas Transmission Network
Two phase, compositional fluid modelling
Sources and a sink
Parallel flowlines
Pressure/Flow boundary conditions
Problem Outline
Two sources, Supply_1 and Supply_2, are connected through a parallel pipeline system to a delivery
station some 250km away. Each source has a fixed flowrate and each produces a gas. Fluid
properties are modelled using a compositional fluid model.
General Data
Different compositional fluids are produced by the sources. The delivery pressure is fixed at 855 psia.
The ambient temperature for the field is 20 oC.
Sources
Supply_1 is flowing 15 mmsm3/d of gas at a temperature of 70 oC. The 1000 m flowline to the main
trunk line has a 600 mm inner diameter, ID, with no elevation difference.
Supply_2 is flowing 37 mmsm3/d of gas at a temperature of 55 oC. The 35000 m flowline to the main
trunk line has a 900 mm inner diameter with no elevation difference.
Parallel Flowlines
The 250,000 m flowline (Line4) to the main trunk line has a 960 mm inner diameter with no elevation
difference. The parallel, 256,000 m flowline (Line5) to the main trunk line has a 1024 mm inner
diameter with no elevation difference.
Flowline (Line2)
The 2000 m flowline joining the two parallel lines at their start has a 949.9 mm inner diameter with no
elevation difference.
Flowline To Delivery
The flowline from the end of the parallel line to the delivery has a 970 mm ID and continues for 2000 m
to the delivery point. The required pressure for delivery is 855 psia.
Note: All other parameters, including the heat transfer have been left as the default.
The gas transmission network for is shown below.
Schlumberger
Figure 1 Case 2 Network Graphic
Fluid Data
Laboratory analysis has shown the fluids from the two supplies to have different compositions. Right
click on each Supply and select Fluid Model. Ensure that the Local Compositional button is checked
and Select Edit Composition. Enter the fluids as specified below:
Component Supply_1 Mol % Supply_2 Mol %

Nitrogen 0.1 0.2
H2S 0.1 0.0
Carbon Dioxide 5.2 3.0
Methane 77.9 79.8
Ethane 6.9 8.4
Propane 4.5 4.2
Isobutane 1.0 2.1
Butane 1.3 1.0
Isopentane 0.4 0.7
Pentane 1.0 0.4
Hexane 0.8 0.2
Heptane 0.8 0.0
Clicking the Phase Env. button will plot the phase envelope of the fluid.
Question 1
Determine the direction of flow in Line2, and the flowrate and fluid temperature at the delivery
point.
The objective is to determine the direction of flow in Line2 and the flowrate and temperature at the
delivery point. Select Summary File from the Reports menu and scroll down to system summary
section. This is shown below and you will see that Line2 is flowing in a forward direction (based on the
initial flow direction - indicated by the arrow on the line) and that the flowrate and fluid temperature at
the delivery point are 52 mmsm3/d and 20.2 oC respectively.
Schlumberger
Figure 3 Summary output
Question 2
Plot the pressure profiles for the 250 km parallel pipelines.
Holding the Shift key, select Line 4 and 5 and click on the Profile Plot Icon:
This plot is shown in figure 2
Figure 2: Pressure profiles for the 250 km parallel lines.
Question 3
Plot the temperature profiles for the 250 km parallel pipelines.
Schlumberger
In the Plot Window, Select Series and change Pressure to Temperature for the Y-axis
This plot is shown in figure 3
Figure 3: Temperature profiles for the 250 km parallel lines.
Schlumberger
Network Tutorial 3: Water Injection System

Features Illustrated:
Injection network
Single phase
ESP lifted production well
Problem Outline
A water production well feeds water into an injection system that consists of 6 injection points. The
water is lifted from the production well by an ESP. Figure 1 schematically presents the layout of the
studied water injection system. A Global black oil model with 100% watercut and DOD of 62.43 lb/ft3
is used in this case study.
Figure 1 Water Injection System
The ESP can be added into the production well by selecting the ESP button (in Artificial Lift section)
from the Tubing Details dialog that appears after double-clicking on the tubing in the Producer window.
General Data
The fluid produced from the well (Producer) is a single phase black-oil with a watercut of 100%. The
delivery pressures to each individual injection point are different.
The ambient temperature for the entire network is 50F.
Well Data
The water production rate of the well is 15,000 STB/d and the temperature of the well is 200F and
reservoir pressure is 4000 psia. The well has a liquid productivity index (PI) of 100 STB/d/psi. Water
is lifted from the production well by an ESP (Type: Centrilift, Model: IB700) with number of stages of 30
and at a speed of 3,600 rpm.
The type of ESP can be specified by clicking on the Select ESP button in the Tubing Details dialog
window.
Schlumberger
The ESP is located at a depth of 2,000 ft TVD and the water production well is at 6,000 ft TVD. The
total measured depth along the tubing is 6,000 ft MD and the well has a 7 ID.
Flowlines to Injection Wells

Flowline 1 is 150 ft in length with an ID of 8 and no elevation difference. It joins N1 to N2.
All the flowlines are coated (heat transfer coefficient = 2 BTU/hr/ft2/F)
Delivery Sinks/Injection Wells

All the delivery sinks are single injection wells with 1.995 ID tubing.
Well_1 has a static pressure at 4400 psig and a temperature at 210F. The injection well is at 7800 ft
TVD and at 7800 ft MD. It delivers a total liquid flowrate of 2 STB/d/psi.
Fluid Data
The fluid produced from the production well is a single phase blackoil (with 100% watercut) flow.
Select Fluid Model under Setup and then Black Oil, click on the button of Edit Black Oil Data to
specify the watercut and the dead oil density (DOD), the GOR is 0.0 scf/STB.
Local flow correlations are used to model the wells (both production and injection ones) and flowlines.
All the local flow correlations have used Duns & Ros correlation for both vertical and horizontal
multiphase flow calculations.
The objective of the case study is to determine the fluid (i.e. water in this case) distribution in an
injection system from a single production well.
Note: All other parameters should be left as the default.
Question 1:
Use the Report Tool to summarize the results of interest
Click on the Report Tool Icon

Select Clear
Click on the Producing Well and each of the injector wells
Select Config and remove all columns except Temperature, Pressure and Liquid Flow
This is show in Table 1
Schlumberger
Table 1: Summary of Results
Question 2:
Plot the pressure profiles for all injection wells.
This is shown in figure 2.
Schlumberger
Figure 2 Pressure profiles for all injection wells
Schlumberger
Part 4 FPT Tutorials
Schlumberger
FPT Tutorial 1: Compositional Tank & Look Up

Tables
Objectives: The objective of exercise 1 is to familiarize the user with the FPT interface by
building and running a simple case study where the reservoir depletion model is a
compositional tank.
Exercise 1 is divided into 8 subsections as detailed below:
1. Build a simple surface network. (3 producers, 1 sink).

2. Build a compositional tank model.
3. Link the network model to the FPT model.
4. Map the wells from the reservoir to the network.
5. Enter some simple field planning events.
6. Solve the model.
7. Format and view a graphical output.
8. Format and view a Tabular output.
Build a Simple Surface Network:
Use PIPESIM to create Network1.bpn in your training directory. The network is shown below:
Schlumberger
Three wells are connected to this reservoir. One of the well as modeled in PIPESIM is shown
below:
Well Data (use the Simple Model option in PIPESIM to model each well):
Mid Perfs Depth Tubing ID Ambient T Gas PI Res T Res P

(Ft below sea bed) (in) (F) (mmscf/d/psi2) (F) (psia)
Well 1: 3000 2 60 1e-5 250 4000
Well 2: 3000 2 60 1e-4 250 4000
Well 3: 3000 2 60 1e-3 250 4000
Note that all the wells in the PIPESIM network model should have no flow directional blocks. This is
done by right clicking on the well in the network interface and selecting BLOCK: None.
Main Flow line Data:
These three wells connect to a single wellhead manifold on the seabed, which is at a depth of 1000 ft
Subsea S.S.
From this a horizontal flow line of 150000 ft length and 4 inch ID runs to the base of a riser of 5 inch ID
that goes up 1000 ft to the sink.
Schlumberger
The Sink requires a minimum production pressure of 500 psia and should be able to handle the
production from this reservoir.
The surface ambient temperature is 60F.
The Flow line and riser system is modelled in PIPESIM as shown below:
The initial composition of the reservoir can be taken as 88% methane, 10% ethane, and 2%
propane.
Create a compositional file called comp1.pvt in your training directory.
Check that the model solves successfully by running it. (Gas rate at sink: 26.824 mmscf/d with
a network tolerance of 0.01 %)
Use the FPT button within the PIPESIM network model to generate the necessary
interface files.
Schlumberger
Build a Compositional Tank Model:
Start FPT.
Use Save-As to save the model as Exer1.fpt in your training directory.
Select the Mode menu and choose Compositional Tank Models.
Select the Reservoir button . The compositional tank model user form will appear.
Enter the tank name: tank1 and enter the following tank data:
OGIIP: 50,000 mmscf.

Reservoir Pressure (datum): 4000 Psia.
Reservoir Temp (datum): 250 F.
Reservoir Top (Datum depth: sea bed) 2800 ft
Initial OWC (Datum depth: sea bed) 3300 ft
Datum depth of perforation: 3000 ft
Aquifer Replacement: 30%
Link the reservoir composition to the file comp1.pvt created above.
The filled user form for tank 1 is shown below:
Link the
network
model to
the FPT
model.
Use the Select Network Model(s) button to attach the network model Network1.bpn to
the FPT model Exer1.FPT.
Map the wells to the tank model.

Use the Well mapping button to map wells 1, 2, and 3 to tank 1. The user form is shown
below:
Schlumberger
Enter some simple Field Planning Events.
Events Description:
The simulation is to be run for 720 days in 60-day steps for the first 360 days and in 180 steps
for the second 360 days.
Initially wells 1 and 3 are on, well 2 being turned on 60 days later.
Coding the events with FPT:
Input the field logic using the field planning events button .
Schlumberger
Modify the initial timestep to 60 days.
Note that it is necessary to switch wells 1 and 3 on at time=0 because the default initial
condition of all wells is off.
Run the Model:
Under build, advanced settings, tick Use NET restart file.
Run the model by selecting the run button .
Format and view a Graphical Output:
Objectives:
The objective is to produce a graph of the gas flow rate from each source and at the delivery
for each time step.
Method:
Once the simulation has finished, select the results viewer button .
Schlumberger
Select plotting and plot for all wells and sinks. The graph is shown below.
Schlumberger
Format and View a Tabular output:
Select the results viewer button .
Click on the Tanks radio-button.
Select Tank 1 from the list box.
Click on Customise to access the customise output dialog. Select Tanks and a custom
summary number 1.
Remove any existing output from the right hand list box. Select HCIP gas and pressure from
the first window. Click on OK and go back to the main window.
Click on Tank1 again and you should see two columns of data, HCIP gas vs. pressure. This
table is shown below.
Schlumberger
Reservoir Pressure Vs Cumulative Gas

Production:
4500
4000
3500
Pressure (psia)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Cumulative Gas Production(mmscf):
Schlumberger
Exercise 2 Use of a Depletion table to model the reservoir:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 2 is to modify the model developed in exercise 1 using a
depletion table as an alternative to the tank method for modelling the reservoir.
1. Save the FPT model with a different name.

2. Create a depletion table.
3. Set up the table as the reservoir depletion model.
4. Map the 3 wells to the table.
5. Solve the model. (Using the same field planning events as in Exercise 1)
Save the FPT model with a different name.
Open exer1.fpt and save this as exer2.fpt
Create a depletion table:
Select the Mode menu and choose Look-up tables:
Select the Reservoir button . The look-up table user form will appear.
Select the Cum. gas as the Independent Properties and Pressure as the Dependant
Properties, the user form should look as follow:
Schlumberger
Select Save table and save the table as bja1.tbl in your training directory.
Click on Edit table and the following text editor should appear.
Schlumberger
Enter the following data in the table. (These data could be pasted directly from an excel
spreadsheet for example).
Save the table clicking on the menu file submenu save in the text editor.
Close the text editor.
Set up the table as the reservoir depletion model.
Click on load table in the look-up table user form the table should appear in the user form
as shown below.
Map the Reservoir to the wells:
Map this reservoir to the wells in the same way as you did for the tanks
Run the simulation
Schlumberger
Run the simulation again.
Format and view the graphical output
The graphical results for exercise 2 are shown below.
Schlumberger
Exercise 3: Field planning events logic and flow rate constrained wells:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 3 is to enter more complex conditional logic and adding
flow rate constraints on the wells.
The wells are going to be choked back if necessary so that they produce up to a maximum
flow rate.
Well 2 is only going to be turned on if the production at the FPSO drops below a given value.

2. Input the flow rate constraint.
3. Modify the conditional logic.
4. Run the model. (Using the same field planning events as in Exercise 1)
Save the FPT model with a different name:
Open exer2.fpt and save this as exer3.fpt.
Input the flow rate constraint:
The PIPESIM network model controls the maximum flow rate from the well by choking the well
back. It therefore must contain a choke to operate in the well description in the PIPESIM
network model.
Select the PIPESIM-Net models dialog and edit the PIPESIM network model.
Add a choke to each of the wells at the wellhead. Supply a temporary bean size of 3 for each
choke (this will be overwritten by the field planning events logic). One of the wells as modified
in PIPESIM is shown below:
Schlumberger
Exit the Network graphical interface.
Select the Flowrate Constraints button and select all of the wells (highlighting them), but
not the sink.
Now choose gas rate as the Limit type, and type in a rate of 11 mmscf/d in the Value text box.
Click on apply and this flow rate constraint will be imposed upon all of the wells. The flow rate
constraints user form is shown below:
Click on OK to leave this User Form.
Modify the conditional logic:
Use the field planning events editor to delete the event that currently
turns on the well after 60 days.
Now add an Event that effectively says turn on well 2 when the gas production rate at the
sink drops below 21.8 mmscf/day.
Schlumberger
Run the model:

Format and view a graphical output:
The graphical results are shown below.
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Exercise 4: Use of a bean list to design a drilling schedule
Objectives: The objective of exercise 4 is to design a simple drilling schedule to maintain the
combined production of the three wells at or above at 19 mmscf/d/ for as long as possible.

2. Delete the flow rate constraint.
3. Modify the conditional logic so that only one well is active at timestep = 0 day.
4. Create a bean list so that remaining wells get activated sequentially as production drops.
7. Observe that at time 900 the wells are closed due to link with dead look up table.
8. Modify the look-up table.
9. Restart the model at 840 days.

Open exer3.fpt and save this as exer4.fpt.
Delete the Flow rate constraints:
Select the Flow rate Constraints button and select all of the wells (highlighting them), but not the
sink.
Select limit type = gas rate.
Click on the remove button and the flow rate constraints will be deleted.
Modify the conditional logic:
Enter the following logic under schedule = NONE. (Note that the timestep has been
changed to 960.)
Schlumberger
Create a bean list:

In the Drop-Down list schedule, highlight BEAN 01 and insert the following logic.
Bean list events will be triggered only once and once at a time in the order in which they have
been entered in the user form.
Run the Model:
Schlumberger
Select plotting and plot for all wells. The graph is shown below.
Observe that the wells are closed due to link with dead look up table.
It can be seen that all the wells are closed from the time step 840 days.
Open the Field Planning Event window and the following should be seen at the end of the
file.
Schlumberger
The wells have been shut due to the fact that the cumulative production of the wells at the
timestep 900 days is above the maximum value of cumulative production in the reservoir table.
Modify the look-up table:
To fix this, lets add one more data points to our table as shown below (Click on the edit table
Schlumberger
button, modify the table, save the table from the text editor, exit the text editor, click on load
table to load the modified table):
Reservoir Pressure Vs Cumulative Gas

Production:
4500
4000
3500
Pressure (psia)
3000
2500
Series1
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Cumulative Gas Production(mmscf):
Restart the model at 840 days:
Select the Restart button , the Restart simulation user form will appear as shown below:
Highlight the timestep 840 and click on the restart button.
Schlumberger
The following graphical output should be obtained this time:
Schlumberger
Exercise 5: Design a drilling schedule to produce at a constant rate
Objectives: The objective of exercise 5 is to design a simple drilling schedule to maintain the
combined production of the three wells at EXACTLY 19 mmscf/d/psi^2 for as long as possible.

2. Add a field wide flow rate constraint.
3. Run the model (Using the same field planning events as in Exercise 4)
Save the PPT model with a different name:

Open exer4.fpt and save as exer5.fpt.
Add a Field wide Flow rate constraint:
The PIPESIM network model controls the maximum flow rate from the field by choking back
the sink. It therefore must have a choke to operate in the main flow line description in the
PIPESIM network model.
Click on the Select network models button
In the Select network models user form click on the edit button and modify the PIPESIM
network model as shown below.
Select the Flowrate Constraints button
Highlight the sink.
Choose gas rate from the list box, and type in a rate of 19.1 mmscf/d in the box below.
Click on apply and this flow rate constraint will be imposed upon the sink.
Run the Model:
Schlumberger
Run the model.
Exercise 6: Record some auxiliary properties:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 6 is to record some auxiliary properties (Pressure drop
across the choke and erosional velocity) while running FPT. In effect not all properties
recorded by PIPESIM Net each run are stored in the FPT output files. These Auxiliary (non-
recorded) properties can be selected prior to an FPT run so that they are recorded in the FPT
output file.

2. Define auxiliary output.
Schlumberger
Open exer5.fpt and save as exer6.fpt.
Define auxiliary output:
Select the auxiliary properties button and the following user form will appear:
The user form is divided into 4 windows the branch list window lists all the branches in the
network; the branches selected window displays the branch on which the user wishes to
record auxiliary properties; the auxiliary property window lists all the auxiliary property that
are available for the user to record, the selected property window display the chosen
auxiliary properties to be recorded for the selected branches.
Select B1, well1, well2, and well3 by highlighting them in the branch list window and clicking
on the Add button.
Highlight the 3 selected wells in the selected branches window and click on Erosional
velocity Ratio in the auxiliary properties window.
Highlight the selected B1 branch in the selected branches window and click on Pressure
drop across choke and Bottom hole pressure in the auxiliary property window.
Click on OK to exit the user form.
Run the model:
Schlumberger
Format and view a tabular output:
Click the customise button to produce the following tabular outputs.
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
FPT Tutorial 2: Black Oil Tank.
Exercise 1:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 1 is to familiarize the user with the FPT interface by
building and running a simple case study where the reservoir depletion model is a Black Oil
tank.
Build a Network model.

Build a Black oil tank model.
Link the network model to the FPT model.
Map the wells from the reservoir to the network.
Enter some simple field planning events.
Run the model.
Format and View a Graphical output.
Format and View a Tabular output.
Build a Simple Surface Network:
Use PIPESIM network module to create BOTank.bpn in your training directory. The network model is
shown below:
Six identical wells are connected to this reservoir. One of the wells as modeled in PIPESIM is shown
below:
Schlumberger
Well Data:
Reservoir Pressure = 3000 psi

Reservoir Temperature = 200 F
Completion Model Well PI, choose Liquid PI of 10 STB/day/psi.
Tubing Details (use Detailed Model)
MD ft TVD ft Temperature F U value Tubing ID inch

0 0 60 2 2.992
1000 1000 2.992
2250 2000 2.992
3500 3000 200 2 2.992
Rename this well Well_A1 and then copy and paste it to create wells Well_A2, Well_A3, Well_B1,
Well_B2 and Well_B3.
Link the wells to form the network.
Enter the pipeline data:
Name Length, ft Pipeline ID, inches

Conn 1 2500 6
Conn 2 2000 6
Conn 3 100 8
Ambient temperature for all surface conditions is 60 F.
PumpBranch is made of two flow lines each of 1000 ft length and 6 inches ID. It also contains an
adiabatic pump of 100% Efficiency and 100 HP and a Gas separator of 100 % efficiency between the
two flow lines as shown below:
Schlumberger
Sink delivery pressure is 500 psi.
The Global Black Oil composition for the network is Water Cut = 20%, GOR = 500 SCF/STB.
Calibration data at Bubble point is Pressure = 3000 psi, Temperature =200 F, Saturation Gas = 500
SCF/STB.
Check that the model solves successfully by running it. The following output is obtained at the sink
(Tolerance: 0.2 %):
Use the FPT button within the PIPESIM network model to generate the necessary interface files.
Build a Black Oil Tank Model:
Start FPT.
Use Save-As to save the model as BOTank.fpt in your training directory.
Select the Mode menu and choose Black Oil Tank Models.
Select the Reservoir button . The compositional tank model user form will appear.
Create a new reservoir named PoolA with the following data:
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Create another new reservoir PoolB and input the following data:
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
Use the Net Models button to attach the network model BOtank.bpn to the FPT model
BOtank.FPT.
Use the well mapping button to map well_A1, Well_A2, Well_A3 to PoolA and Well_B1,
Well_B2, Well_B3 to PoolB. The user form is shown below:
Select the Reservoir button once more. The compositional tank model user form will appear.
Select the Well completion details tab.
Input the completion depths of the six wells as shown below:
Schlumberger
Click on edit to create the Water cut table (Watercut1) and GLR table (GLR1):
Select WellA1, WellA2, WellA3 and apply the Water Cut and GLR tables:
Schlumberger
Enter some simple field planning events:
Events description:
The simulation is to be run for 600 days in 60 days step.
Initially Well_A1, Well_A2, Well_A3 are on Well_B1, Well_B2, Well_B3 are turned on 120 days later.
The pump Horsepower is set to 600 Hp after 300 days.
Coding the events with FPT:
Set the initial timestep to 60 days.
Note that it is necessary to switch well_A1, well_A2, well_A3 at time=0 because the default initial
condition of all wells is off.
The timestep is set to 1 day just before an event happens in order for the graph to represent
accurately the surge in production that happens when:
WellB1, WellB2, WellB3 are turned on.

The pump power is stepped up from 100 Hp to 600 Hp.
Schlumberger
Run the Model
View the Graphical Output
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
FPT Tutorial 3: Look Up Tables
Exercise 1:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 1 is to build and run a simple set of case studies where
the boundary conditions are provided to the network for a given number of simulations. (I.e.
no reservoir depletion model is used)
Build 2 look up tables (PoolA and PoolB).

Run the model.
Create 2 look up tables (PoolA and PoolB):
Select the Mode menu and choose Case Studies:
Select the Reservoir button . The look-up table user form will appear.
Select Case as the Independent Properties and Pressure as the Dependant Properties, the user form
should look as follows:
Schlumberger
Select Save table and save the table as PoolA.tbl in your training directory.
Click on Edit table and the following text editor should appear.
Enter the following data in the table. (These data could be pasted directly from an excel spreadsheet
for example). The date must lie between the 2 keywords LOOKUPTABLEDATA and
ENDOFTABLEDATA
Schlumberger
Save the table clicking on the menu file submenu save in the text editor.
Close the text editor.
Select Unused2 in the case studies user form.
Select Case as the Independent Properties and Pressure as the Dependant Properties, the user form
should look as follow:
Schlumberger
Create the following table (Pool_B.tbl):
Map the Table to the wells:
Map this table to the wells in the same way as you did in the black oil tank case study:
Schlumberger
Wells A1, A2, A3 are on for cases 1-2; all wells are on for cases 3-5.
Enter the following field planning events:
Run the simulation
Run the simulation again.
View the Graphical Output
Schlumberger
The x-Axis is Time but for the case study mode time and case are treated the same.
Schlumberger
FPT Tutorial 4: Daily Contract Quotas (DCQ)

Exercise 1:
Objectives: The objective of exercise 1 is to familiarize the user with the FPT_DCQ interface by
building and running a simple case study where the reservoir depletion model is a
Compositional Tank.
Build a Network model (containing 5 identical wells).

Build a Compositional tank model.
Run the model.
Fill in the DCQ user form.
Build a simple surface Network:
Use PIPESIM network module to create DCQ.bpn in your training directory. The network model is
shown below:
Six identical wells are connected to this reservoir. One of the wells as modeled in PIPESIM is shown
below:
Schlumberger
Well Data:
Schlumberger
Link the wells to form the network.

Enter the pipeline data:
Schlumberger
Sink delivery pressure is 2000 psi.

The Global composition for the network is shown below:
Nitrogen: 3.15
Carbon Dioxide: 1.34
Methane: 85.05
Ethane: 5.14
Propane: 2.19
Isobutane: 0.35
Butane: 0.7
Isopentane: 0.24
Pentane: 0.24
Hexane: 0.19
C7+: 1.41
Name BP (F) MW SG TC (F) PC (psia) Omega

C7+ 188 90 0.75 520 512 0.29
Create a PVT file DCQ.pvt.

Check that the model solves successfully by running it. The following output is obtained at the sink
(Tolerance: 1 %):
Use the FPT button within the PIPESIM network model to generate the necessary interface files.
Build a Compositional Tank Model:
Start FPT.
Use Save-As to save the model as DCQ.fpt in your training directory.
Select the Mode menu and choose Compositional Tank Models.
Select the Reservoir button . Fill in the compositional tank model user form as shown below
(Composition file: DCQ.pvt).
Schlumberger
Use the Net Models button to attach the network model DCQ.bpn to the FPT model DCQ.FPT
Use the well mapping button to map a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, and b3 to res01. The user form is
shown below:
Schlumberger

All wells are turned on at the start of the simulation.
Run the model:

Format and View a Graphical output:
Schlumberger
Fill in the DCQ user form:

Click on the menu MODE submenu DCQ and the DCQ user form will appear:
Enter the following data in the user form (The date can be entered under the following format
01/01/2000 the Time column will then be filled automatically):
Schlumberger
The typical contract is defined by the following:
The obligation, which is the average production rate (DCQ in mmscf/d) that will be purchased by the
transmission company (or consumer) over the nomination period.
The take factors that are the fractions of the DCQ that will be bought in any given period. The following
equation must be respected:
n
i DCQ
i =1 n
= DCQ
Where: n = Number of time period considered.
i = Take fraction for the period i.
The swing factors: Factors, which multiplied by the DCQ volume, gives the peak daily demand
rate expected by the purchaser in any given period. The peak daily demand rate can be much higher
than the average daily take.
Minimum specified delivery pressure.
The swing and take patterns are drawn by linking all the swing and take factors together against time.
A typical swing and take pattern over a period of one year can be seen below:
Schlumberger
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Swing
0.8
Take
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 Time
0 100 200 300 400 (Days).
DCQ calculation procedure:
Start of Iteration:
The engine takes the initial DCQ value (mmscf/d) as the boundary condition of the sink. The
production allocation from each well is calculated in a PIPESIM-net simulation determined. The
corresponding outlet pressure is also calculated.
Deliverability check for the month:
Using the % take value for the month, FPT calculates the cumulative flow taken from each source for
the 1st month of the contract.
Well Flow rate produced by % Take Flow rate produced by Cumulative flow
Name: each source when value for each source in rate taken in
producing DCQ: August: August: August:
Well A: 5 mmscf/d. 0.5 2.5 mmscf/d 75 mmscf
Well B: 8 mmscf/d. 0.5 4 mmscf/d 120 mmscf
Well C: 12 mmscf/d. 0.5 6 mmscf/d 180 mmscf
Total: DCQ = 25 mmscf/d. 0.5 12.5 mmscf/d 375 mmscf
Using the cumulative flow rate taken from each well calculate the pressure of the reservoir(s) at the
end of the period.
The deliverability at the end of the month Q2 is calculated using the reservoir pressure (s) at the end of
the period at each of the well and Pout at the sink (minimum specified delivery pressure).
If the deliverability is less than the DCQ multiplied by the swing factor abort the iteration and repeat
step 1 with a more suitable initial DCQ guess (Lower DCQ).
If the deliverability is more than the DCQ multiplied by the swing factor do a deliverability check for the
following period.
If no Pinch point has been encountered over the length of the nomination period choose a higher DCQ
and return to point one.
Schlumberger
Run the DCQ operation:
Run the operation by pressing the button in the DCQ user form.
The Messages window will look as shown below during the run:
FPT converges on a solution after four iterations.
Observe the results:
The Calculated DCQ that the asset can guarantee and the corresponding pinch point can be seen on
the DCQ Calculation user form.
Schlumberger
Click on the results tab to display the results (Calculated DCQ value of 98.818 mmscf/d, Pinch point in
December)
Schlumberger
Part 5 Single Branch Case Studies Worked

Answers
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 1 Oil Well Design

Exercise 1
Open PIPESIM and Open a new Well Performance Analysis module from the File
menu. Save the model as Case Study 1.
The first step is to create the black-oil model. From the Setup Menu, select Black
Oil. Using the given Black Oil PVT data, enter the data into the dialogue box as
shown below:
Click on the Export button. This will add the fluid model to the data-base. Note that if
any changes are made to the fluid, you must click on the Export button. Now that the
basic black oil model has been defined, the next step is to create the well model.
Click and drag the objects to create a well model as shown below:
Schlumberger
To enter the tubing data, double click on the tubing and select detailed model.
Enter the given deviation data into the model as per the below screen:
Click on the Geothermal Survey tab and enter in the given information as per the
below screen:
Now click on the Tubing Configurations tab and enter the data as per the below
table:
Schlumberger
Now that all the required tubing information has been entered, the next step is to
enter the reservoir and inflow data into the model. Double click on the completion
icon and enter the data as shown below. Note that inflow model used is a Well PI,
this can be selected from the drop-down menu. Also click on the radio button to use
non-linear correction below the bubble point.
The basic oil well model has been defined. It is now possible to run some PIPESIM
operations. To answer the questions, a Pressure/Temperature profile operation will
Schlumberger
be run. From the Operations menu, select Pressure/Temperature Profile To

calculate the production rate for a well-head pressure of 300 psia, enter the
information into the dialogue box as shown below:
Hit the Run Model button, and the following plot will be generated:
The above shown screen shows the pressure profile down the length of the tubing.
You can plot other variables on the chart by using the Series drop down tab.
Schlumberger
To obtain the production rate, flowing BHP and flowing WHT, close the plot then from
the main PIPESIM page, then select Summary File from the Reports menu. The
below shown screen will be generated:
From the above shown ASCII file, the results below can be obtained:
Result

Production Rate ? 7438 bbl/d
Flowing BHP ? 2670 psia
Flowing WHT ? 132 oF
Schlumberger
Exercise 2
Nodal analysis will now be performed to determine the operating point and AOFP of
the well. A nodal analysis icon will need to be inserted into the model. Enter a NA
point as shown below:
From the Operations menu select Nodal Analysis. Enter the data as shown in the
below dialogue box.
Click on the Run Model button and the below shown Nodal Analysis plot will be
generated:
Schlumberger
To determine the operating point flowrate and BHP, and the AOFP, click on those
points on the chart and read the results from the bottom right hand corner of the
screen. The results are as follows:
Result
(Outlet) Wellhead Pressure 300 psia

Operating Point Flowrate ? 7438 stb/d
Operating Point BHP ? 2670 psia
AOFP ? 20400 stb/d
Schlumberger
Exercise 3
The black oil model used so far only contains the minimum information required for
fluid model definition. In this exercise the black oil model will be calibrated using
more detailed data. From the Setup menu select Black Oil. Now click on the
Viscosity Data (Optional) tab at the top of the dialogue box. In the Dead Oil Vicosity
section, select Users Data from the drop-down menu. Enter the given data as
shown below:
Now go to the Advanced Calibration Data (Optional) tab from the top of the dialogue
box and enter the data as shown below:
Schlumberger
Go back to the Black Oil Properties tab and click the Export button. This will update
the fluid into the database. Click OK. From the Operations menu select
Pressure/Temperature Profile. Repeat the previous operation and inspect the
depth vs pressure chart. As shown in Exercise 1, from the Summary file you can find
the following results:
Result

Production Rate ? 6826 stb/d
Flowing WHT ? 129
Schlumberger
Exercise 4
An FGS survey and well test data are available for this well. In this exercise we will
use the FGS data to select the most suitable vertical multiphase flow correlation.
From the Operations menu select Flow Correlation Matching... Enter the given
information as per the below dialogue box (we will use only Beggs & Brill Revised,
Duns & Ros, and Hagedorn & Brown).
Click on the Run Model button and the following plot will be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above plot, it appears that the best correlation is Hagedorn & Brown. Close
the plot then from the Setup menu, select Flow Correlations... As shown below,
change the vertical multiphase flow correlation to Hagedorn & Brown:
The BHP using the Hagedorn & Brown can be approximated from the profile plot
generated earlier, or for the exact calculation you can run another
Pressure/Temperature Profile as done in the earlier exercises. The BHP can be
read from the Summary File (Reports menu). Using the Hagedorn & Brown
correlation, the results are as follows:
Result

Vertical Correlation ? Hagedorn & Brown
Schlumberger
Exercise 5
Given the correct flow correlation chosen in Exercise 4, Exercise 5 involves finding
the correct IPR that matches the test data used in Exercise 4. The known reservoir
pressure is 4600 psia. We will determine the new PI and the AOFP.
To determine the PI, System Analysis will be performed. In this exercise, a plot of
production rate vs PI will be generated given the known reservoir pressure of 3600
psia and the known wellhead pressure of 300 psia. From the Operations menu,
select System Analysis. Enter the given information into the dialogue box as
shown below:
Click on the Run Model button and the below system plot will be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above chart, the PI can be read from the plot at a liquid flow-rate of 6500
STB/d. The correct PI is 6.059 STB/d/psi.
To determine the AOFP, Nodal Analysis can be performed using the PI as calculated
above (to do this, the new calculated would need to be entered into the completion
model prior to performing Nodal Analysis). Nodal Analysis can also be used to
determine the correct PI. As per Exercise 2, from the Operations menu select Nodal
Analysis. Enter the information into the dialogue box as shown below:
The below Nodal Analysis plot will be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above Nodal Analysis plot the PI that corresponds to a liquid flowrate of
6500 STB/d can be approximated as 6 STB/d/psi. At this PI, the AOFP is 15224
STB/d.
Result

PI ? 6 STB/d/psi
AOFP ? 15224
As mentioned above, note that in the case when the PI is calculated using System
Analysis, if the user wishes to use Nodal Analysis to determine the AOFP, then the
calculated PI from the System Analysis would need to be entered into the completion
(as per Exercise 1) prior to performing the Nodal Analysis.
The PI of 6 will be used in the remaining exercises, ensure that it is changed in the
completion.
Schlumberger
Exercise 6
Given the current wellhead pressure, we will determine the watercut at which the well
will die. This will be performed using System Analysis. From the Operations Menu,
select System Analysis... Enter the given data into the dialogue box as shown
below:
Click on the Run Model button and the below System Plot will be generated:
Schlumberger
As can be seen from the above plot, the last converged solution is at 60% watercut.
This is because for a watercut of 70%, the well will not flow.
For our purposes, we will take the answer to be 60%. To determine the exact
watercut at which the well will die, the operation could be repeated using watercut
values from 60% to 70% as the sensitivity.
Result

Water Cut ? 60 %
Note that Nodal Analysis could also be used to determine the watercut at which the
well will die. To do this, select the Nodal Analysis operation from the Operations
menu as done previously, and perform nodal analysis by selecting the watercut as
the outflow sensitivity and entering watercut values into the table. From the Nodal
Analysis plot, the watercut at which the well dies can be determined by identifying the
first outflow curve that does not cross the IPR curve at any point (as determined
above, this will be a water cut between 60% and 70%).
Schlumberger
Exercise 7
In this exercise we will examine how this well responds to Gas Lift. We will introduce
a gas lift injection point at 8000 ft MD in the tubing. Using watercuts of 10% and
60%, we will determine the liquid production rate for a range of gas lift injection rates.
Double click on the tubing, and select the Downhole Equipment tab. Enter the data
as per below:
Click on the Properties button and enter the given data as shown below (note:
default injection rate must be given - use 1 MMSCFD):
Schlumberger
Click OK and from the main PIPESIM menu select the System Analysis operation
from the Operations menu. To see the effect of the gas lift rate at various watercuts,
select the X-axis variable to be the lift gas rate and the Sensitivity Variable to be
the watercut. Enter the given data as shown below:
Click on the Run Model button. The below shown System Plot will be generated.
From the above generated plot, the below answers can be determined:
Schlumberger
Result
Water cut = 10% Water cut = 60%

Gas Lift Rate Liq. Prod. Rate Liq. Prod. Rate
(mmscf/d) (stb/d) (stb/d)
0.5 7163 4708
1 7661 5771
1.5 8002 6411
2 8257 6870
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 2 Well Performance

Analysis Nodal Analysis
Exercise 1
In this exercise we will build a single branch model and perform Nodal Analysis. The
first step is to create a new single branch model by selecting Well Performance
Analysis from the New option from the File menu. The first step is to define and
characterize the fluid model. From the Setup menu select Black Oil. Enter the
given information as shown below.
Click on the Export button then click OK. This new fluid model is now in the fluid
model database. Now build a simple model as per the below shown screen-shot:
Schlumberger
Double click on the completion icon and select Pseudo Steady State as the inflow
model and then select Liquid as the basis for the IPR. Check the box Use Vogel below
bubble point. Enter the given information as per the below table:
Now that the completion has been defined, click OK then double click on the tubing.
Select Simple model from the drop-down list then enter the information into the model as
shown below (when entering the Perforation information into the dialogue box, enter the TVD
first then the MD and allow PIPESIM to calculate the angle from the kick-off point).
Schlumberger
Now all the required data has been entered into the model. Using Nodal Analysis, we
will now determine the flowing bottom hole pressure and the production rate given a well-
head pressure (250 psia). From the Operations menu, select Nodal Analysis. Enter the
data and fill in the dialogue box as shown below (leave the sensitivity fields blank).
Click on the Run Model button. The following plot should be generated.
From the plot, the flowing bottom hole pressure and production rate can be
determined by clicking on the operating point and viewing the results in the
bottom right hand corner of the chart.
Schlumberger
The results are as follows:
Result

Production Rate ? 780
Flowing BHP ? 2420
Schlumberger
Exercise 2
In this exercise we will investigate the increase in production through stimulation and
gas lift using Nodal Analysis. Firstly, a gas lift injection point must be entered into the
model. Double click on the tubing, then in the Artificial Lift (Optional) field, click on
the Gas Lift button and enter a depth of 4500 ft into the field as shown below.
Now click on the Properties button, and enter the data as follows (we will set a
default gas lift rate of 0 MMSCFD here).
Schlumberger
From the Operations menu, select Nodal Analysis. Enter the data as shown
below:
Click on the Run Model button and the following plot should be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above plot, the following results can be determined:
Gas Lift (mmscf/d)

base (skin = 3) 780 1090 1180 1240
acidized (skin = 0) 1070 1430 1530 1590
fractured (skin = -2) 1430 1790 1910 1980
Schlumberger
Exercise 3
In this exercise the different flow correlations will be investigated. The Beggs and
Brill correlation has been used so far. The Mukherjee and Brill correlation accounts
for the effects of viscosity, which for this case may be significant because the oil is
relatively heavy. We will repeat the Nodal Analysis from Exercise 2 using the
Mukherjee and Brill vertical flow correlation.
From the Setup menu, select Flow Correlations. In the Vertical Flow (Multiphase)
section, select Mukherjee and Brill from the Correlation drop down menu, as per the
below screen.
We will now repeat the Nodal Analysis as performed in Exercise 2. From the
Operations menu, select Nodal Analysis. The inflow and outflow sensitivity
definitions should still remain from Exercise 2 (if not, re-enter them as per Exercise
2). Click on the Run Model button. The below chart should be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above generated chart, the following results can be determined.
Oil Production Rates (STBD) Mukherjee & Brill:
Gas Lift (mmscf/d)

base (skin = 3) 690 1010 1120 1220
acidized (skin = 0) 980 1320 1460 1570
fractured (skin = -2) 1320 1690 1840 1960
The above results can be compared to the results from Exercise 2. The discrepancy
between the Beggs and Brill correlation and the Mukherjee and Brill correlation
ranges from 1 15%. However, both cases agree fairly well in terms of the relative
added benefit shown by sensitivity cases. Notice that in changing the flow
correlation, the inflow curves remain unchanged. This is because Nodal Analysis
de-couples the system, creating two independent components. Ultimately, project
economics and future production potential based on reservoir conditions will weigh
heavily in the final decision.
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 3 Gas Well

Performance
Task 1: Water content at saturation (Reservoir conditions)
Open a new PIPESIM single branch model. Firstly the PVT information will be entered. From the
Setup drop-down menu select Compositional. This opens the compositional PVT editor. You can
enter in the gas well fluid composition as per the given composition. For the purposes of the first task,
you must enter an amount of water; use a value of 20 moles. The compositional editor is shown
below.
After entering the water free composition in the lower table (in moles, total excluding water equals 100)
and a nominal 20 moles of water in the top table (these numbers will be changed later after
determining the saturated water composition), click on the Single Point Flash tab across the top of
the dialogue box. Check the PT radio button as shown below, and enter in the reservoir pressure and
temperature. Press the Perform Flash button, and the results water saturated composition will be
shown in the vapour stream.
Schlumberger
The water content at the saturation point at reservoir conditions is given below (this is the re-
normalised content):

% Water 1.80%
Now enter this new composition into the composition editor (note that the aqueous fraction should be
entered into the top section).
Task 2: Phase envelope:
It is possible to generate a phase diagram by pressing the Phase Envelope button from the
Component Selection screen. The following phase diagram should be generated:
Task 3: Results
To run a case, the first step is to construct a model using the PIPESIM icons as arranged below:
Schlumberger
Prior to running a model, the reservoir, inflow and tubing data must be entered into PIPESIM. Click on
the completion icon to enter in the reservoir and inflow information. The below dialogue box should
come up. Enter in the reservoir pressure and temperature, then select the inflow model from the drop-
down menu. Enter the Gas PI as per the data sheet.
After entering the reservoir and inflow information, you should now enter in the tubing information.
Click OK from the on the above screen then double-click on the tubing. Select Simple Model from
the drop-down menu then enter the information as per the data sheet into the dialogue box, as shown
below:
Schlumberger
Schlumberger
All required information has now been entered into the model. It is now time to run the model. From
the Operations menu select Pressure/Temperature Profiles. To calculate the rate for a given outlet
(well-head) pressure of 800 psia, click on the radio button next to Gas Rate. Now enter in 800 psia
into the box next to the Outlet Pressure radio button as shown below:
Click on the Run Model button. This will run the model and give a profile plot for the flow path. To
obtain the results, close the plot and from the Reports drop-down menu, select Summary File
From the Summary File, the below answers can be obtained:
Po = 800 psia
QG 19.4 MMSCFD
Pwf 1,318 psia
BHT 228oF
WHT 172oF
Schlumberger
Worked Answer Exercise 2:
Task 1: Calculated inflow parameters for Back-Pressure Equation from DST data:
Instead of using the Gas PI as the inflow model, the Back Pressure equation will be used. The back
pressure equation allows generation of a pseudo steady state gas well IPR model using test data. The
parameters will be determined by fitting the data to a curve using the following formula:
2 2 n
Q = C(Pws - Pwf )
To change the inflow model, double click on the completion. This will bring up the dialogue box as
shown in Exercise 1. From the drop-down menu next to Model Type under Completion Model,
select BackPressure Equation. To calculate the C and n parameters, click on the button
Calculate/Graph. Enter in the given DST data into the dialogue box as shown below, and click OK.
The calculated values will then be shown.
The calculated parameters are listed below:
Pres = 4,600 psia

Parameter C 8 x 10-7
Parameter n 1
Task 2: Results using Back-Pressure Equation and DST data:
You can now run the model using Pressure/Temperature Profiles in the same way as shown for
Exercise 1. The results can again be obtained from the Summary File, and are summarised below:
Results:
Po = 800 psia
QG 15.7 MMSCFD
Pwf 1,263 psia
BHT 226oF
WHT 167oF
Schlumberger
Task 1: Bottom-hole Nodal Analysis with tubing ID set as outflow sensitivity:
To perform the Nodal Analysis at the sand-face, a Nodal Analysis icon will need to be installed at the
bottom of the tubing (if not already done so). From the Operations Menu, select Nodal Analysis.
Enter the given data into the dialogue box as shown below then click on the Run Model button.
The following bottom-hole Nodal Analysis plot will be shown. The below is a Nodal Analysis plot at
bottom-hole for different tubing sizes:
Schlumberger
Task 2: Erosional velocity ratio:
Run the model from the Pressure/Temperature Profiles option from the Operations menu, using the
tubing size as the sensitivity (as shown below). Use an outlet pressure of 800 psia.
The pressure temperature profile plot of the system will be generated. To generate a plot of depth
versus the erosional velocity ratio, change the x-axis to Erosional Velocity Ratio by selecting Series
from the top toolbar and selecting Erosional Velocity Ratio from the Select X Axis drop-down menu.
Click OK and the following chart should be obtained.
Schlumberger
Task 3: Results for 3.958 ID tubing:

The below results can be obtained from the Summary File.
3.958 ID tubing
QG 15.7 MMSCFD
Pwf 1,236 psia
BHT 226oF
WHT 164oF
Use the generated chart to determine the erosional velocity ratio at the wellhead for the 3.958 ID
tubing.
Well-head
Erosional velocity ratio 0.788

Task: Gas rate vs Reservoir Pressure for different tubing sizes:
From the Operations Menu select System Analysis. Enter the given information into the dialogue box
as shown below:
Click on the Run Model button and the below chart should appear. From this chart it also appears
that the 3.958 ID tubing is likely the optimum tubing size.
Schlumberger

Task: Calculated choke Size:
A choke and flow-line can be entered into the model by the usual click and drag method. Double click
on the flow-line and enter the given data as shown in the below dialogue box:
To determine the choke size to give the desired outlet (ie manifold) pressure of 710 psia, the
Pressure/Temperature Profiles option can be used. Use the choke size as the sensitivity, and
calculate the outlet pressure for the given rate of 15.7 MMSCFD, as per the below dialogue box:
Click on Run Model then look in the Summary File (shown below). Look for the choke size that
results in an outlet pressure of 710 psia (and check that that wellhead pressure is 800 psia).
From the Summary File, the choke size that will give an outlet pressure of 710 psia is 1.5. Note that
the well-head pressure is still 800 psia upstream of the choke.
Schlumberger
Po = 710 psia
Choke size 1.5

Task 1: Water content at saturation (Reservoir conditions) at new composition:
Save the model as a new name. Enter the new composition using the composition editor and
determine the fraction of water at the saturation point of the gas (as per the same method as Exercise
1 Task 1). The answer is as follows:
% Water 1.88%
Task 2: Best Flow Correlation:
The choke and flow-line should be de-activated (so that the outlet pressure of 800 psia represents the
well-head pressure). To de-activate an object, right click it and select Active, this will de-activate the
object (it will now read inactive). From the operations menu, select Flow Correlation Matching.
Enter the given data in the dialogue box as shown below:
Click on Run Model, and the following chart will be generated:
Schlumberger
From the above chart it is clear that the Duns & Ros correlation is the most suitable. To determine the
mean arithmetic and mean absolute differences, look at the bottom the Output File
Po = 800 psia
Best Correlation D&R
Mean arithmetic difference (%) 0.89
Mean absolute difference (%) 0.89
Task 3: Results using new correlation and heavier composition:

Using the Pressure/Temperature Profile option from the Operations Menu, with an outlet pressure of
710 psia (remember to activate the flow-line and choke) as per the method described previously, the
results can be generated. The bottom-hole flowing pressure and gas flow-rate can be read from the
Summary File as shown in the previous exercises, and the actual liquid flow-rate at the mid-perfs and
outlet can be found in the Output File
Po = 710 psia
QG 13.3 MMSCFD
Pwf 1,361 psia
QL @ mid-perfs (act) 2,292 bbl/d
QL @ outlet (act) 2,690 bbl/d
Task 1: Liquid Volume Fractions and Liquid Hold-up Fractions:
Schlumberger
Re-run the Pressure/Temperature Profile as performed in Exercise 6, Task 3. To determine the liquid
volume fraction and liquid hold-up fraction at the specified points, look in the Auxiliary Output Page at
the bottom of the output file:
The following results can be obtained:

xVL @ bottom-hole 0.0717
xVL @ WH 0.0585
xVL @ end flow-line 0.0500
Liquid Hold-up Fraction, Po = 710 psia

xHL @ bottom-hole 0.4080
xHL @ WH 0.0837
xHL @ end flow-line 0.1085
Task 2: Flow Regime and Map for end of flow-line:
To obtain a flow-map, a report tool needs to be entered into the model at the end of the flow-line.
Double click on the report icon and check the Flow Map check-box as shown below:
Schlumberger
The model needs to be re-run, this can be done by pressing the Run button on the main tool-bar (this
will re-run the latest operation, in this case the Pressure/Temperature Profile from Exercise 7, Task 1).
Look at the bottom of the Output File to see the flow map as shown below:
From the above flow-map , the flow-regime at the end of the flow-line can be determined (this can also
be determined by looking elsewhere in the Output File, as well as the Summary File).

Flow regime end FL Intermittent

Task 1: PT path on phase diagram:
To generate phase diagram with the PT flow path super-imposed on it, first of all double click on the
report icon and select Phase Envelope. Re-run the model using Pressure/Temperature Profiles
(this will re-run the model from Exercise 7, Task 2). In the profile plot that is generated, from the
Series option in the top toolbar, change the y-axis to pressure and the x-axis to temperature. The
below phase diagram with the fluids PT path should be generated:
Schlumberger
Task 2: Hydrate formation?
From the above shown phase diagram, it can be seen that the operating line does not cross the
hydrate formation line. This means that hydrates will not be produced anywhere in the production
system up to the manifold (represented by the outlet).
Ambient Temp = 30oF

Hydrate formation No

Task 1: Pressure drops for heavier composition:
The pressure drop across the reservoir, tubing, choke and flow-line can be determined from the
Summary File, as shown below. Use a rate of 13 MMSCFD and run a Pressure/Temperature Profile
operation (and select Outlet Pressure as the calculated variable).
The tubing pressure drop is the bottom-hole flowing pressure minus the well-head pressure, as
determined from the above shown Summary File output.
Heavier composition (13 MMSCFD)
P Reservoir 2,803 psia
P Tubing 601 psia
P Choke 76 psia
P Flow-line 2 psia
Schlumberger

Task: Results using Rigorous Flash:
To use the Rigorous Flash option, from the Setup Menu select Flashing. Check the Always
Rigorous Flash (slow) for both the Temperature Energy Balance and Physical Properties as per the
below shown dialogue box:
Click OK then re-run the model from Pressure/Temperature Profiles using an outlet pressure of 710
psia. Compare the results from the Summary and Output files and the phase diagram to the results
from the same operation when the Interpolation option was used instead of rigorous flashing (ie
Exercise 6 Task 3, and Exercise 8 Tasks 1 and 2). The results are as follows:
Po = 710 psia
QG 13.3 MMSCFD
Pwf 1,361 psia
QL @ mid-perfs (act) 2,291 bbl/d
QL @ outlet (act) 2,672 bbl/d
PT path from reservoir to end of flow-line plotted on new phase diagram using the Rigorous Flash
option:
Hydrate formation?
Ambient Temp = 30oF

Hydrate formation No
Schlumberger
Note that the results are similar to when the interpolation option is used, except the rigorous flash
predicts more of the retrograde condensation to occur prior to the fluid reaching the sand-face, as
determined from the actual liquid flow-rate at the mid-perfs (compare to the results from Exercise 6
Task 3). The prediction is 4,112.4 bbl/d vs 3,150.3 bbl/d for the interpolation option. The other results
are quite similar, but the difference described above illustrates the how the Rigorous flash can be
applicable, especially when operating near the phase envelope. The trade-off is the solving time.
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 4 ESP Selection /

Design
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
1). No. of stages (HN13000) 58

2). Motor HP required 322
3). Flowrate range for 50 70 Hz. 1200 2050 sm3/d
4). Flowrate for Psuction < Pbubble point 1800 sm3/d
Schlumberger
A=
B
A
Pump operating point (flowrate & pump discharge pressure) at 50 Hz.

B = Pump operating point (flowrate & pump discharge pressure) at 70 Hz.
C = Pump suction pressure falls below bubble point.
Exercise 3.
Production Rate (95% wcut) 1480 sm3/d
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 5 Pipeline and

Facilities
Exercise 1: Create PVT Model
Phase Envelope
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
Pressure (PSIA)
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature (F)
Baker Jardine
Exercise 2: Size Subsea Tieback and Riser
Schlumberger
Separator Pressures for Operating Liquid Rates and ID's

1,250
1,200
1,150
1,100
System Outlet Pressure (psia)
1,050
1,000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000
System Data-Liquid rate (STB/d)
System Outlet Pressure : IDIAMETER=9 ins System Outlet Pressure : IDIAMETER=10 ins
System Outlet Pressure : IDIAMETER=11 ins
Errosional Velocity Ratios for Operating Liquid Rates and ID's

1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
Erosional Velocity Ratio ( )
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000
Erosional Velocity Ratio : IDIAMETER=9 ins Erosional Velocity Ratio : IDIAMETER=10 ins
Erosional Velocity Ratio : IDIAMETER=11 ins
Schlumberger
Result
Pipeline and Riser ID: 10

Max. errosional velocity ratio
for selected ID 0.88
Min. Separator pressure for
selected ID 900 psia
Max. separator pressure for
selected ID 1230 psia
Exercise 3: Check for Severe Slugging
PI-SS Number for Operating Liquid Rates and ID's

1.5
1.4
1.3
PI-SS ( )
1.2
1.1
8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000

PI-SS : IDIAMETER=9 ins PI-SS : IDIAMETER=10 ins PI-SS : IDIAMETER=11 ins
Result 8000 STBD 14000 STBD 16000 STBD
PI-SS number at riser base 0.98!! 1.2 1.28

Flow pattern at riser base Intermittent Intermittent Intermittent
Schlumberger
Exercise 4: Select Insulation Thickness
.75" Insulation Thickness

1,800
1,700
1,600
1,500
1,400
Pressure (psia)
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000 T < 2F
Hydrates
900
possible!
800
700
600
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
Temperature (F)
Baker Jardine
Created by User on 26/11/02 22:47:46
Schlumberger
1.00" Insulation Thickness

1,800
1,700
1,600 T = 15F
1,500 sufficient insulation
1,400
Pressure (psia)
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
Temperature (F)
Baker Jardine
Created by User on 26/11/02 22:54:36
Schlumberger
Result
Req. Insulation thickness 1.00
Exercise 5: Size Slug Catcher
8000 STBD case:
8000
Result STBD 14000 STBD 16000 STBD
1/1000 slug volume (bbl) 166 187.6 226.8

Sphere generated liquid volume (bbl) 485.1 448.2 436.1
= 485.1 * 1.2 = 582.1
Design volume for slug catcher (bbl)
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 6 Gas Lift Design

New Mandrel Spacing
Exercise 1:
Answer Exercise 2:
Schlumberger
We will choose 1.25 mmscf/d as our lift gas rate and 150 psi as the min injection gas P.
Answer Exercise 3:
Schlumberger
Worked Answers: Case Study 7 Gas Lift Design

Current Mandrel Spacing
Exercise 1:
-Define the Gas Lift valve system:
In the tubing user form, in the Downhole Equipment tab, click the button.
The Gas Lift Valve system user form will appear:
Select the 1st row in the user form, click on the button. The Gas
Lift Valve Selection user form will appear.
Select SLB (Camco) as the manufacturer, IPO as the type, 1 as the size and BK-1 as the
series. Click on , the user form is shown below.
Schlumberger
Click on Add valve to add the required valve.

Add the depth of the first valve in the gas lift valve system user form.
Repeat the above steps for all the valves, the gas lift valve system user form should look as shown
below:
Click on OK to exit the user form.
-Perform the Deepest Injection Point operation:
Schlumberger
The maximum depth of injection is 4780 ft therefore we should be able to inject at the mandrel located
at 4700 ft and the corresponding oil rate should be 1871 stb/d.
Schlumberger
Exercise 3:
Schlumberger
It is important to note that we are not injecting at the mandrel located at 4700 ft but at the mandrel
located at 4200 ft. And the rate is not 1871 stb/d but 1708 stb/d.
Schlumberger
This is due to the fact that the Deepest Injection Point operation does not take into account the 15-psi
pressure drop in casing pressure for each unloading valve.
It is also important to notice that when designing for a current mandrel spacing the depth between
valves is fixed, it is the transfer pressure that is calculated at each valve.
When the transfer pressures lie to the left of the production pressure curve or the equilibrium curve, it
may not be possible to transfer to the next valve.
Schlumberger
Filename: PIPESIM_course_MS_25Aug03.doc
Directory: C:\download
Template: C:\Documents and Settings\varredon\Application
Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dot
Title: Field Planning Tool Case Study 2
Subject:
Author: SLB
Keywords:
Comments:
Creation Date: 10/29/2003 9:39 AM
Change Number: 3
Last Saved On: 10/29/2003 9:39 AM
Last Saved By: SLB
Total Editing Time: 2 Minutes
Last Printed On: 10/29/2003 11:16 AM
As of Last Complete Printing
Number of Pages: 235
Number of Words: 22,534 (approx.)
Number of Characters: 128,446 (approx.)

PIPESIM Training Course

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PIPESIM Training Course

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PIPESIM

PART 1: SINGLE BRANCH TUTORIALS 5

Single Branch Tutorial 2 Multiphase Pipeline 26

Single Branch Tutorial 3 - Oil Well Performance 33

Single Branch Tutorial 4 Black Oil Calibration and Performance Forecasting 46

PART 2: SINGLE BRANCH CASE STUDIES 64

Case Study 2 - Well Performance Modelling - Nodal Analysis 73

Case Study 3 - Gas well Performance using a Compositional Fluid Model 77

Case Study 4 ESP Selection / Design 86

Case Study 5 Pipeline and Facilities (Compositional Fluid model) 89

Case Study 6 Gas Lift Design, New Mandrel spacing: 95

Case Study 7 Gas Lift Design, Current Mandrel spacing: 98

PART 3: NETWORK MODELING TUTORIALS 99

Network Tutorial 2: Gas Transmission Network 108

Network Tutorial 3: Water Injection System 112

PART 4 FPT TUTORIALS 116

FPT Tutorial 2: Black Oil Tank. 145

FPT Tutorial 3: Look Up Tables 157

FPT Tutorial 4: Daily Contract Quotas (DCQ) 163

PART 5 SINGLE BRANCH CASE STUDIES

Worked Answers: Case Study 3 Gas Well Performance 203

Worked Answers: Case Study 4 ESP Selection / Design 220

Worked Answers: Case Study 5 Pipeline and Facilities 222

Part 1: Single Branch Tutorials

Single Branch Tutorial 1 - Single Phase Pipeline

1) Build the Physical Model

Exercise 1: Water Pipeline

1) Choose New Single Branch Model from the startup screen

2) From the Setup|Units menu, select SI Units

Step 1: Define the physical components of the model:

The PIPESIM single branch model toolbox is shown below:

Select the End Node button and place it in the window:

Click on to exit the user form.

Click on to exit the user form.

Step 2: Define the fluid model (water):

Fill in the Black Oil user form as shown below:

Go to the File Menu and save the Model as CaseStudy1_WaterPipe.bps.

Step 3: Select Flow Correlations:

Step 3: Define the operation:

In the Operations menu select the Operation Pressure/Temperature

Fill in the Pressure/Temperature Profile User form as shown below:

Step 4: Run the Model:

Step 5: Observe the PSPlot output:

It can be seen that the outlet pressure is 58 bars.

Step 6: Observe the Summary File ( .sum):

In the Reports menu select the Summary File option:

The following output can be observed:

Step 7: Observe the Output file (.out):

In the Reports menu select the Output File option.

The Output File is divided by default in 5 sections:

The Primary output is shown below.

It is divided into 16 sections:

The auxiliary output is shown below:

It is also divided into 16 sections:

The viscosity decreases as the pressure decreases.

Exercise 2: Water Pipeline Sensitivity Study

Step 1: Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile operation user form

Step 2: Run the Model:

Step 3: Observe the PSPlot output:

Step 4: Observe the output file (.out):

In the Define Output user form set the No of cases to print to 7.

Exercise 3: Gas Pipeline sensitivity Study

Step 1: Redefine the Fluid Model:

Step 2: Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile Operation