Reactive Power PDF

What Is the Importance of Reactive Power in Transmission Lines? - Quora https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-importance-of-reactive-power-in-tr...
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Transmission Lines Electrical Grids Energy (physics) Electricity Electrical Engineering What is the power flow half way down the
transmission line?
What is the importance of reactive power in
How is reactive power produced? What are the effects
transmission lines? of reactive power in the grid?
When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

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common now? What are its advantages and disa...
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Build your data science career, choose your specialization, 3 month capstone project. Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of
the transmission line, or it will increase it?
How does power factor affect power transmission

line?
24 Answers
How can reactive power be measured in a
transmission line?
Akshay Aiyer, Busy!
Answered Mar 25, 2015
Why do we use power circle diagrams for
POWER transmission lines? What is their use?
What is the power angle curve for a short transmission

Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit. It is
line?
transformed to other forms of power when electric charges move through an electric potential
difference, which occurs in electrical components in electric circuits. Can reactive power be utilized?
What is the power loss in a transmission line?

In AC circuits, the electrical components which are inductors and capacitors might go under a
periodic change in the direction of energy flow. This in turn gives rise to Active & Reactive
power.
The portion of power that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net
transfer of energy in one direction is known as active power (real power). The portion of power
due to stored energy, which returns to the source in each cycle, is known as reactive power.
When we pass an electric current through a wire, it obviously produces magnetic field around it.
When this field alternates between opposite peak values both in time and space, an induced
voltage is produced in any of the conductors lying in the path of this field. This particular field
can also react with any other magnetic field established by any other conductor and a mechanical
force is created between the two conductors. This alternating field produced by an alternating
current is the basis for enabling us to use electric power extensively. A DC current with a steady,
non alternating field, does not offer this advantage.
The alternating flux posed a lot of problems and one of them being the reactive power. It is the
power required to establish & maintain an AC fluctuating magnetic flux, without which no energy
transfer can take place. Against this we have active power which delivers power in an electrical,
mechanical, thermal or any form we want.
Reactive power is a necessity. Without which the system won't function properly yet it is the one
posing a major problem. The problem area linked with the AC fields are reactances, arcs, surges,
resonances, skin effect, hunting torque. To overcome the above problems, CAPACITOR is an
effective tool.
When a voltage is initially placed across the coil, a magnetic field builds up, and it takes a period
1 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
A capacitor is an AC device that stores energy in the form of an electric field. When current is
gh the capacitor, it takes a period of time for a charge to build up to produce the full
Related Questions rence. On an AC network, the voltage across a capacitor is constantly changing the
ll oppose this change, causing the voltage to lag behind the current. In other words,
What is the power flow halfeads
waythe
down the in phase; hence, these devices are said to be sources of leading
voltage
transmission line?
rators supply reactive power (in addition to active power) that is consumed by
of reactive power in the grid?

distance electric power lines? Is DC
nous becoming
generators, SVCmore
and various types of other Distributed energy resource
common now? What are its quipment
advantages
areand
useddisa...
to maintain voltages throughout the transmission system.
g reactive power into the system raises voltages, and absorbing reactive power
Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of

line? -support requirements are a function of the locations and magnitudes of
or outputs and customer loads and of the configuration of the DER transmission
transmission line?

equirements can differ substantially from location to location and can change
transmission lines? What isastheir
the use?
location and magnitude of generation and load change. At very low levels
m load, transmission lines act as capacitors and increase voltages. At high levels
line? however, transmission lines absorb reactive power and thereby lower voltages.
ansmission-system equipment (e.g., capacitors, inductors, and tap-changing
Can reactive power be utilized?
mers) is static but can be switched to respond to changes in voltage-support

System operation has three objectives when managing reactive power and voltages
a. First, it must maintain adequate voltages throughout the transmission and

distribution system for both current and contingency conditions.
b. Second, it seeks to minimize congestion of real-power flows.
c. Third, it seeks to minimize real-power losses.
34.2k Views 45 Upvotes
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Related Questions More Answers Below
What is the power flow half way down the transmission line?
How is reactive power produced? What are the effects of reactive power in the grid?
When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-distance electric power lines? Is DC
becoming more common now? What are its advantages and disa...
Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of the transmission line, or it will
increase it?
How does power factor affect power transmission line?
Mayur Balwani, I am an Electrical Engineering student!

Updated Aug 9, 2015
Firstly, I see there is a bit of confusion between cause and effect relationship. Reactive power isn't
actually needed to transfer the active power.
It's the another way of saying that if some active power is transferred to the load, there must be
the presence of the reactive power in a transmission line assuming there's no power factor
correction instrument connected to it.
Reactive power is the component of power which is occupied by the inductor in the form of
magnetic field in the transmission line. It is not needed, as it reduces effective power transfer
capability of the transmission system, but is present due to the inductive elements present in the
power system.
If you apply power factor corrections at the load end, suppose before an induction motor, there
won't be any reactive power consumptions by the total load !
(Although, motor draws the reactive power which is compensated by Capacitor bank, resultant
2 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
Related Questions
What is the power flow half way down the

transmission line?


distance electric power lines? Is DC becoming more
Will increasing power factorsimply,

decrease thepour
if you efficiency
a beer of
in the glass, there will always be beer foams in the glass
the transmission line, or it will
duceincrease it? volume of the glass to carry the liquid temporarily, but its reverse
the effective
u can pour beer in such a way that there won't be foam which doesn't mean there's
line?
How can reactive power beved

measured
version in
of athe statement could be like this,
transmission line?
always be a reactive power in the line while transferring the active power to the load
transmission lines? What is ductive nature of the transmission SYSTEM, but that could be compensated by the
their use?
What is the power angle curve for a short

ill continue to transmission
charge but capacitance will compensate it in such a way that power
line? t the generator side is totally active !

Suvra Pattanayak, Master of technology Power Systems & Electrical Engineering,
Netaji Subhash Engineering College (2015)
Answered Nov 18, 2014
Reactive power is the electrical power that oscillate between the magnetic field of an inductor and
the electric filed of the capacitor. Reactive Power Cannot Converts to non-electrical power e.g.
heat, light & torque. Instantaneous reactive power equal to the multiplication instantaneous
current, instantaneous voltage and the sinusoidal of phase difference of current & voltage. It only
present in ac power if there is any phase difference between instantaneous current and
instantaneous voltage.
During complete cycle average reactive power is zero.
Active power is the energy supplied to run a motor, heat a home, or illuminate an electric light
bulb.Reactive power provides the important function of regulating voltage. If voltage on the
system is not
high enough, active power cannot be supplied. Reactive power is used to provide the voltage
levels necessary for active power to do useful work. Reactive power is essential to move active
power through the transmission and distribution system to the customer .Reactive power is
required to maintain the voltage to deliver active power (watts) through transmision lines. When
there is not enough reactive power, the voltage sags down and it is not possible to push the power
demanded by loads through the lines.
7.7k Views 16 Upvotes Answer requested by Akul Patel
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Ankit Singh, B.Tech Electrical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of

Technology, Allahabad
Answered Jul 8
Reactive power is something we can describe as a necessary evil. No active power can flow in
the AC transmission lines without reactive power.
It can be visualised as the sea on which the boat of active power sails. Without the
sea , no boat can sail.
The reactive power component in AC systems is generated from the magnetic field and the
electric fields that are set up when the current flows in the system. For example, reactive power in
a synchronous generator can be attributed to the magnetic field that is set up to generate the
current. Vice versa, reactive power is needed to maintain that magnetic field. No reactive power ,
no magnetic flux, no flux, no active power generation.
Reactive power in the overhead transmission lines can be visualised in the form of power
required to maintain the magnetic field around the current carrying conductors. A lightly loaded
transmission line is considered to be reactive power source , while a heavily loaded line a sink.
But this reactive power requirement comes at a cost. An electrical equipment is rated for certain
3 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
system, the useful power in the system is reduced. The fight is to sail a heavier ship in a
Related Questions

transmission line?



active power : Synchronous generators, synchronous condensors, static condensors.
tive power : Transformers, Induction motors , Heavily loaded transmission lines.
line?

transmission line? , Electrical Engineer, Researcher

Is there active power without reactive power?
transmission lines? What is their use?

line?
ideal situation it can be!
What is the power loss

If the in connected
load a transmission line?
to any power system network is purely resistive.
For example:
Consider the following circuit, where a pure resistor (R) is connected to an AC voltage source.
In this case, current Ir purely depends upon resistor R and voltage source. As pure resistance is a
linear component, the phase difference between Ir and Vr will be zero. See the phase diagram
below:
Here, Vr and Ir in the same phase ( Thus =0). is called power factor angle.
Thus
cos (Power factor) = 1
and Sin = 0
So as we know mathematically:
Real Power P= VI Cos 0
while, Reactive Power Q = VI Sin =0
As we can see, in the particular case described above, the Reactive power is Zero.
Deviation from the ideal situation:
The above scenario exists only on papers (The unattainable dream of mankind and I bet it
will surely fetch a Nobel to the person who claims unity power factor in practical power system)
because there is no load in the world, which could be purely resistive (even the purest of resistors
will contain some inductance/capacitance).
In general every power system load contains some combination of resistance, inductance and
capactiance (However majority of them are of inductive nature, Ex: lamps, heaters, mixers,
washing machines, induction cooker etc).
The presence of inductive/capacitive components in the load create a phase difference between
voltage and current, thus 0. Consequently, the reactive power 0.
Consider:
4 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
Related Questions

transmission line?




line?

transmission line? 0. Thus the reactive power in not zero.
transmission lines? What is their use?

line?
Here also 0. Thus the reactive power in not zero.
P.S.: The above explanation is true for AC networks.

In case of DC networks, there is no concept of reactive power because when
connected to DC voltage, inductance and capacitance behave as open and short
circuit respectively. I will explain this in different answer.
8.4k Views 6 Upvotes Answer requested by Dakala Lakshmi
Avadhesh Khanna, After 'god' & 'soul', 'Current' is next 'invisible' divine, can't live
without.
Answered Aug 26, 2015
Originally Answered: Is there active power without reactive power?
See, reactive power came into play when inductor (lag) and capcitor (lead) are there in system.
Inductive loads are coils, motors in industries.
Capacitive loads are APFC, synchronous condenser etc
Basically total power consumed is called apparant power: active + reactive

There cant be any ideal system having purely resistive load.
Let us consider an example of incandescent bulb, in our 10th standard we have assumed as
resistive load. But when we see minutely, it is made up of coil. So it is certainly going to have
some inductive load, but it is highly neglible.
Now, even if we suppose certain X system is purely resistive. To run it, we have to connect it to
supply via CABLE. And guess what, Cable is itself a network of:
1. Series resistor
2. Series inductor
3. Parallel Capacitor (between insulation and conductor)

So, there cant be any ideal resistive system.
3.6k Views 2 Upvotes Answer requested by Dakala Lakshmi
Anonymous
Answered Jan 17, 2015
Before explaining the details of Reactive power in a Transmission Line , We need to understand
the Transmission Line .
I will try to explain the bit about why there is a need of reactive power in Power Transmission
Line. With Consecutive inputs and Edits I will try to Provide as much Information as Possible.
Power Transmission Line can be Modeled as Distributed series Line Inductance(s) and
Distributed Shunt Capacitance.
If there is DC Supply Then After the transient period the series reactor gets short-circuited by
getting the required energy for creating the magnetic field inside it. But In the case of AC System
5 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
Some of the Questions need to be answered before getting into the details of Reactive Power.
happen when the current flows through Inductance ?
Related Questions Why the energy stored in Reactor and Capacitor in known as Reactive Power ?
What is the power flow halfhis

way down
power the
is known as reactive power cause This power only amounts to create the
transmission line? a Capacitor or in a Reactor. This Reactive power does not get wasted Like the Real




line?

transmission line?

transmission lines? What is rtheir
Becomes Positive always and The average power amounts to the power loss.
use?

line?
ImgSRC: Electronic Component s

While In case of L or C :
The current Lags or Leads which create
for ideal Inductor the power is shown. This power when averaged for a full cycle of Voltage Its
value becomes zero.
In this case Taking positive cycle of power you can say this was during the creation of the field or
while the reactor is charging . For different Instant you can analyse the circuit and find your
conclusion.
In this curve the steady state operation is shown.
Observations : ( When mentioned increase or decrease I meant magnitude )
V = + ve & I= + ve then P = + ve
( Reactor Field Charging | Current Increasing )
V = - ve & I= + ve then P = - ve
( Reactor Field Discharging | Current Decreasing )
V = - ve & I= - ve then P = + ve
( Reactor Field Charging | Current Increasing | similar to first case only in -ve Direction )
V = + ve & I= - ve then P = - ve
( Reactor Field Discharging | Current Decreasing | similar to first case only in -ve Direction )
Same case be Done for Capacitor
6 of 7 15-10-2017, 19:45
Related Questions hn and Marion Hearfield
What is the power flow halfr and

waycapacitor
down thedoes not dissipate energy instead they store is temporarily and return
transmission line?
How is reactive power produced? What

current are the are
and voltage effects
in phase Then the amount of power average is equals to
as averaged power multiplied with period is the amount of energy dissipated or

adrature
distance electric power lines? Is DC phase component
becoming more does not contribute for work done instead it helps to
hole explanation will make you understand a little bit about the reactive power.
Will increasing power factor decrease
urther the efficiency
explanation needed.of

line?
, PhD, MSc(Engg), BE Electrical Power Systems, IITM, CEG,
transmission line?
reactive power is transmitted through a transmission line. The
transmission lines? What is er required
their use? by load being generated by static equipment and supplied at the
r load) end itself and the reactive power consumed by the line inductance being
What is the power angle curve
thatfor a short by
generated transmission
the line shunt capacitance charging. This is something like what is
line? (neglecting lossy line parameters, R & G).

ith the EHV and UHV lines this concept is followed to the extent feasible technically
ically and the reactive power flow through these lines are minimized as it is not
viable to completely eliminate it, using FACTS devices.
592 Views 4 Upvotes Answer requested by Ramraj Bhadu and Dakala Lakshmi
Related Questions
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What Is the Importance of Reactive Power in Transmission Lines? - Quora https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-importance-of-reactive-power-in-tr...

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

How does power factor affect power transmission

What is the power angle curve for a short transmission

What is the power loss in a transmission line?

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

How does power factor affect power transmission

Why do we use power circle diagrams for

What is the power loss in a transmission line?

a. First, it must maintain adequate voltages throughout the transmission and

b. Second, it seeks to minimize congestion of real-power flows.

c. Third, it seeks to minimize real-power losses.

34.2k Views 45 Upvotes

Related Questions More Answers Below

How does power factor affect power transmission line?

Mayur Balwani, I am an Electrical Engineering student!

What is the power flow half way down the

How is reactive power produced? What are the effects

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

Will increasing power factorsimply,

How can reactive power beved

What is the power angle curve for a short

Can reactive power be utilized?

What is the power loss in a transmission line?

Ankit Singh, B.Tech Electrical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of

What is the power flow half way down the

How is reactive power produced? What are the effects

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of

How can reactive power be measured in a

Why do we use power circle diagrams for

What is the power angle curve for a short transmission

What is the power loss

Deviation from the ideal situation:

What is the power flow half way down the

How is reactive power produced? What are the effects

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of

How does power factor affect power transmission

How can reactive power be measured in a

What is the power angle curve for a short transmission

Can reactive power be utilized?

What is the power loss in a transmission line?

Here also 0. Thus the reactive power in not zero.

P.S.: The above explanation is true for AC networks.

Basically total power consumed is called apparant power: active + reactive

3. Parallel Capacitor (between insulation and conductor)

What is the power flow halfhis

How is reactive power produced? What are the effects

When and why is DC used instead of AC for long-

Will increasing power factor decrease the efficiency of

How does power factor affect power transmission

How can reactive power be measured in a

Why do we use power circle diagrams for

What is the power angle curve for a short transmission

Can reactive power be utilized?

What is the power loss in a transmission line?

ImgSRC: Electronic Component s

The current Lags or Leads which create

Same case be Done for Capacitor

Related Questions hn and Marion Hearfield

What is the power flow halfr and

How is reactive power produced? What