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Stop 3: Tsunamis in Hawaii Author: Richard Liu

The Hawaiian island chain is located on a hot

Learn More:
spot in the Pacific basin, unlike most islands References:
that form on seismically active borders on the Howard, Brian Clark. How Tornadoes Form and
edge of tectonic plates along the ring of fire.
Why Theyre so Unpredictable. National
Geographic. 11 May 2015.

Volcanic and/or seismic activity can arise from Kuhne, Michael. What is Tornado Alley?.
tectonic shifts at plate borders or on hot spots, AccuWeather. 2017. Web.

or leaks in a plate.
Prociv, Kathryn. Tornadoes dont happen in
mountains. Or do they? Debunking the myth. U.S.
The seismic activity of these plates send Tornadoes: Tornado Climatology. 13 March 2013.

seismic waves that can aect masses of water Spence, William et al. Measuring the Size of an
Earthquake. USGS. Date Unknown. Web.

near it. These waves turn into tsunamis, which

Author Unknown. Tsunami Facts: How They Form,
can cause destruction to coastal cities.
Warning Signs, and Safety Tips. National
Geographic News. 2 April 2007. Web.

Safety? Due to the small size of the Hawaiian Images:

Island chain, much of gets hit by tsunamis. 1. Miyagi, K. Tsunami Hazard Heights. ArcGis: Esri. 13 November 2013. Web.

2. Berry, Lisa. USA Tornadoes. ArcGis: Esri. 21 February 2017. Web.

Because tsunamis are dependent on 3. Addicted04. United States on the globe (United States Centered). Wikimedia.
18 January 2014. Web.

earthquakes, prediction of earthquakes with 4. Spartan7W. Ohio Flag Map Accurate. Wikimedia. 4 August 2015. Web.

5. Colton, Emma. California doles out pensions worth at least $100,000 to nearly
seismographs is key to surviving impending 20,000 government retirees. 7 October 2015. Web.

tsunamis. Impending tsunamis can be avoided 6. Darwinek. Flag-map of Hawaii. Date Unknown. Web.
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7. Hanai, Toru. Breach of the Miyako Seawall in Japan. Reuters. 11 March
2011. Web.

by moving away from the coast to higher 8. Sakuma, Paul. The magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 did
massive damage in the San Francisco Bay Area, including to interstate 880 in
ground. Oakland. Associated Press. 1989. Web.

9. LaDue, James. A tornado south of Wynnewood, OK taken from the west at

4:18pm on May 9, 2016. Associated Press. 9 May 2016. Web.

10. Lingpsrevice. Earthquakes (Mag greater than 4.0). ArcGis: Esri. 2 July 2014.
Web.

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Stop 1: Tornadoes in
Cincinnati, Ohio
Despite located in Ohio state, Cincinnati is a
midwestern city on the edge of tornado alley.
occurs during April and June. Pay attention to
What is a tornado? A tornado is a vertical
rotating column of air extending from a supercell
thunderstorm. Thunderstorms are unstable air
masses that form when moving warm humid air
near the ground is mixed with moving cold air
above.
Tornadoes are classified by severity of destruction
on the Fujita scale of F0 to F5, F0 being least
destructive. F5 being most destructive.
Wind flowing from the west and over Rocky
mountains is cooled down with height. Warm
ocean currents release warm humid air from the
Gulf of Mexico.
Safety? Safety?
Avoid visiting states during tornado season which Potential earthquakes can be predicted by
measurement of seismic activity by seismographs.
National Weather Service centers to watch out for Pay attention to earthquake warnings. In potential
possible tornadoes. Try to move far away from of an earthquake, steer away from structures that
possible incoming tornadoes. If you cannot escape a can potentially collapse. If necessary, cover your
possible incoming tornado, seek underground shelter head and brace yourself underneath a sturdy
in basement to avoid destruction. structure.
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Stop 2: Earthquakes in
California
California lies on the San Andreas fault, a seismically
active tectonic border between the Pacific and North
America plate. It is a transform fault line where two 10
plates move past each other horizontally.
The Pacific/North American border is part of the
seismically active Ring of Fire that also frequents
volcanic activity and tsunamis in other parts of the
globe.
Earthquakes are measured by magnitude and
classified on the Richter scale from 1-10. 1 being
least destructive and 10 being most destructive.