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(downloadsachmienphi.com) Việt Nam Sử Lược PDF
(downloadsachmienphi.com) Việt Nam Sử Lược PDF
Ta
Nc Vit Nam
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Tng kt
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Ta
S l sch khng nhng ch ghi chp nhng cng vic qua m thi, nhng li phi suy xt vic
gc ngn, tm ti ci cn nguyn nhng cng vic ca ngi ta lm hiu cho r nhng vn hi tr
lon ca mt nc, nhng trnh tin ha ca mt dn tc. Ch ch l lm ci gng chung c
cho ngi c nc c i i soi vo y m bit ci s sinh hot ca ngi trc phi lao tm
lao lc nhng th no, mi chim gi c ci a v di bng mt tri ny.
Ngi trong nc c thng hiu nhng s tch nc mnh mi c lng yu nc yu nh, mi bit c
gng hc hnh, ht sc lm lng, vun p thm vo ci nn x hi ca tin t xy dng nn m
li cho mnh. Bi nhng l y cho nn phm dn tc no c c quan v th l lm cho mt
nc c lp, th cng c s c. Nc Vit ta khi u c s t i nh Trn, vo qung th k th
XIII. T tr i nh no ln lm vua cng trng s lm s. Nhng ci li lm s ca ta theo li bin
nin ca Tu. ngha l nm no thng no c chuyn g quan trng th nh lm s chp vo sch. M
chp mt cch rt vn tt ct ghi ly chuyn y m thi, ch khng gii thch ci gc ngn v s
lin can vic y vi vic khc l th no.
Nh lm s li l ngi lm quan, vua sai coi vic chp s, cho nn du th no s chp s cng
khng c t do, thng c thin v v nh vua, thnh ra trong s ch cn chp nhng chuyn quan
h n nh vua, hn l nhng chuyn quan h n s tin ha ca nhn dn trong nc. V, xa nay ta
vn chu quyn chuyn ch, vn cho vic nh vua l vic nc. C nc ch ct mt h lm vua, cho
nn nh lm s c theo ci ch ngha y m chp s, thnh ra s i no cng ch ni chuyn nhng
vua i y m thi. Bi vy xem s ta tht l t, m thng khng c ch li cho s hc vn l my.
Nay nhn s hc nc ta thay i, ch quc ng ph thng c trong nc, chi bng ta ly ting
nc nh m k chuyn nc nh, ta son ra b Vit Nam S Lc, xp t theo th t, chia ra tng
thi i, t thnh chng, thnh mc r rng, ai ai cng c th xem c s, ai ai cng c th hiu
c chuyn, khin cho s hc s ca ngi mnh c tin li hn trc.
B Vit Nam S Lc ny, son gi chia ra lm 5 thi i: Thi i th nht l Thng C thi i,
k t h Hng Bng cho n ht i nh Triu. Trong thi i y, t chng th III, bn v x hi
nc Tu trc i nh Tn, phn nhiu l nhng chuyn hoang ng, huyn hoc c. Nhng nh
chp s i trc cng theo tc truyn m chp li, ch khng c di tch g m kho cu cho ch xc.
Tuy vy, son gi cng c theo s c m chp li, ri cng ph bnh mt i cu t cho c gi bit
rng nhng chuyn y khng nn cho l xc thc.
i khi l nhng mc ln trong nhng phn m son gi theo tng thi i t ra. Son gi
c sc xem xt v gp nht nhng s ghi chp cc sch ch Nho v ch Php, hoc nhNg
chuyn ri rc cc d s, ri em trch b nhng s huyn hoc i m son ra b sch ny, ct
ngi ng bang ta bit c chuyn nc nh m khng tin nhm nhng s huyn hoc. Thi i no
nhn vt y v t tng y, son gi c bnh tnh c theo cho ng s thc. Thnh thong c mt i
ni son gi c em kin ring ca mnh m bn vi c gi, th d nh ch bn v danh hiu nh
Ty Sn th thit tng rng s l ca chung c quc dn, ch khng phi ring cho mt nh mt h
no, cho nn mi phi ly cng l m xt on mi vic v khng v tnh ring phm n l cng
bng vy.
1. Quc Hiu
2. V Tr v Din Tch
3. a Th
4. Chng Loi
5. Gc Tch
7. S M Mang B Ci
1. Quc Hiu.
Nc Vit Nam ta v i Hng Bng (2897 - 258 trc Ty lch) gi l Vn Lang, i Thc An
Dng Vng (257 - 207 trc Ty lch) th gi l u Lc. n nh Tn (246 - 206 trc Ty lch)
lc nh pha nam th t lm Tng Qun, sau nh Hn (202 trc Ty lch - 220 sau Ty lch) dt
nh Triu, chia t Tng Qun ra lm ba qun l Giao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam. n cui i
nh ng Hn, vua Hin i Giao Ch lm Giao Chu. Nh ng li t l An Nam H Ph.
T khi nh inh (968 - 980) dp xong lon Thp Nh S Qun, lp nn mt nc t ch, i quc
hiu l i C Vit. Vua L Thnh Tng i l i Vit, n i vua Anh Tng, nh Tng bn Tu
mi cng nhn l An Nam Quc.
n i vua Gia Long, thng nht c c Nam Bc (1802), ly l rng Nam l An Nam, Vit l Vit
Thng, mi t quc hiu l Vit Nam. Vua Minh Mnh li ci lm i Nam.
Quc hiu nc ta thay i nhiu ln, tuy rng ngy nay ta vn theo thi quen dng hai ch An
Nam, nhng v hai ch y c ng phi thn phc nc Tu, vy th ta nn nht nh ly tn Vit Nam
m gi nc nh.
2. V Tr v Din Tch.
Nc Vit Nam v pha ng nam chu -t-, hp b ngang, di b dc, hnh cong nh ch S, trn
pha bc v di pha nam phnh rng ra, khc gia min trung th eo hp li.
ng v nam gip b Trung Quc (tc l b Nam Hi); Ty gip Ai Lao v Cao Min; Bc gip nc
Tu, lin vi tnh Qung ng, Qung Ty v Vn Nam.
Din tch c nc rng chng 312.000 ki-l-mt vung chia ra nh sau ny:
3. a Th.
Nc ta hin chia ra lm ba ci: Bc Vit, Trung Vit v Nam Vit. t Bc Vit c sng Hng H
(tc l sng Nh H) v sng Thi Bnh. Mn trn gi l Thng Du lm rng nhiu ni, t ngi .
Mn di gi l Trung Chu, t ng bng, ngi chen chc ng lm.
t Trung Vit th ch c mt gii men b b, cn trong c ni Trng Sn chy dc t Bc Vit
vo gn n Nam Vit, cho nn ngi ch c mn gn b m thi.
t Nam Vit th vo khc di sng M Kng (tc l sng Cu Long), li c sng ng Nai chy
m trn, cho nn t tt, rung nhiu, dn gian tr ph v d lm n hn c
4. Chng Loi.
5. Gc tch.
Theo kin ca nh k cu ca nc Php, th ngi Vit Nam v ngi Thi u min ni Ty
Tng xung. Ngi Vit Nam theo sng Hng H ln xung pha ng nam, lp ra nc Vit Nam ta
by gi; cn ngi Thi th theo sng M Kng xung, lp ra nc Tim La (tc l Thi Lan) v cc
nc Lo.
Li c rt nhiu ngi Tu v ngi Vit Nam ni rng nguyn khi xa t nc Tu c ging Tam
Miu , sau ging Hn Tc (tc l ngi Tu by gi) pha Ty Bc n nh ui ngi Tam
Miu i, chim gi ly vng sng Hong H lp ra nc Tu, ri dn dn xung pha nam, ngi Tam
Miu phi ln np trong rng hay l xung min Vit Nam ta by gi.
Nhng kin y l theo l m suy ra thi, ch cng cha c ci g lm chng cho ch xc. Ch
bit rng ngi Vit Nam ta trc c hai ngn chn ci giao li vi nhau, cho nn Tu mi gi ta l
Giao Ch; m xem cc loi khc, khng c loi no nh vy, th tt ta l mt loi ring, ch khng phi
l loi Tam Miu.
Du ngi mnh thuc v chng loi no mc lng, v sau ngi Tu sang cai tr hng hn mt nghn
nm, li c khi em sang nc ta hn bn mi vn binh, chc l ni ging c ca mnh cng lai i
nhiu ri, mi thnh ra ngi Vit Nam ngy nay.
Ngi Vit Nam thuc v loi da vng, nhng m ngi no phi i lm lng dm ma di nng lm,
th nc da ngm ngm en, ngi no nhn h phong lu, trong nh lun, th nc da trng trng
nh mu ng c.
Trc ngi th thp nh hn ngi Tu, m ln ln con ngi, ch khng to bo. Mt th xng xng,
trng hi bn bt, trn th cao v rng, mt th en v hi xch v ng ui, hai g m th cao, mi
hi tt, mi hi dy, rng th to m li nhum en. Ru th tha m t, tc th nhiu v di, en v hi
cng. Dng iu i ng th nh nhng v xem ra b vng vng chc chn.
o qun th di rng, n ng th bi tc v qun khn vnh ry, o mc di qu u gi, tay o th
cht, ng qun th rng. n b Bc Vit v pha bc Trung Vit th i khn, m ch thnh th th
mc qun, cn nh qu th hay mc vy. pha nam Trung Vit v Nam Vit th n b hay mc qun
c, v bi tc, ch khng i khn bao gi.
Tm a th nng ni, hay lm liu, khng kin nhn, hay khoe khoang v a trng hong b ngoi,
hiu danh vng, thch chi bi, m c bc. Hay tin ma qu, sng s l bi, nhng m vn khng nhit
tin tng gio no c. Kiu ngo v hay ni khoc, nhng c lng nhn, bit thng ngi v hay nh
n.
n b th hay lm lng v m ang, kho chn, kho tay, lm c mi vic m li bit ly vic
gia o lm trng, ht lng chiu chng, nui con, thng gi c cc c tnh rt qu l: tit, ngha,
cn, kim.
Ngi Vit Nam t Bc ch Nam, u theo mt phong tc, ni mt th ting, {Tuy rng mi ni c mt
t ting th m ring v ci ging ni nng nh khc nhau, nhng i th vn l mt th ting m
thi.} cng gi mt k nim, tht l ci tnh ng nht ca mt dn tc t u nc n cui nc.
7. S M Mang B Ci.
T khi ngi Vit Nam lp thnh nc n gi, k hng my nghn nm, phi ngi Tu cai tr my
ln, chu kh s bit bao nhiu phen, th m sau li lp c ci nn t ch, v vn gi c ci tnh
c bit ca ging mnh, y l t ra rng kh lc ca ngi mnh khng n ni km hn cho lm.
Tuy rng mnh cha lm c vic g cho v vang bng ngi, nhng mnh cn c th hy vng mt
ngy kia cng nn c mt nc cng thnh.
Vy ghi chp nhng c hi gian trun, nhng s bin c ca nc mnh tri qua, v k nhng cng
vic ca ngi mnh lm t i n qua i kia, cho mi ngi trong nc u bit, y l sch Vit
Nam s.
Nay ta nn theo tng thi i m chia sch Vit Nam s ra 5 phn cho tin s k cu.
H Hng-Bng
1. H Hng Bng
2. Nc Vn Lang
Ph ng Thin Vng
1. H Hng Bng.
C theo tc truyn th vua Minh l chu ba i ca vua Thn Nng, i tun th phng nam n
ni Ng Lnh (thuc tnh H Nam by gi) gp mt nng tin, ly nhau, ra ngi con tn l Lc
Tc. Sau Minh truyn ngi li cho con trng l Nghi lm vua phng bc, v phong cho Lc
Tc lm vua phng nam, xng l Kinh Dng Vng, quc hiu l Xch Qu.
Kinh Dng Vng lm vua nc Xch Qu vo qung nm nhm tut (2879 trc Ty Lch?) v ly
con gi ng nh Qun l Long N ra Sng Lm, ni ngi lm vua, xng l Lc Long Qun.
Lc Long Qun ly con gi vua Lai tn l u C, mt ln c mt trm ngi con trai3. Lc
Long Qun bo u C rng: "Ta l dng di Long Qun, nh ngi l dng di thn tin, n lu vi
nhau khng c; nay c trm con th nh ngi em 50 a ln ni, cn 50 a ta em xung b
Nam Hi". Gc tch truyn ny c l l t Lc Long Qun v sau, nc Xch Qu chia ra nhng nc
gi l Bch Vit. Bi vy ngy nay t H Qung (tnh H Nam, tnh Qung ng v tnh Qung Ty)
cn xng l t Bch Vit. y cng l mt iu ni phng, ch khng c ly g lm ch xc c.
2. Nc Vn Lang.
Lc Long Qun phong cho ngi con trng sang lm vua nc Vn Lang, xng l Hng Vng.
7. Lc Hi (Lng Sn)
13. Cu c (H Tnh)
15. Bnh Vn ( ? )
Hng Vng ng Phong Chu (by gi vo a ht huyn Bch Hc, tnh Vnh Yn), t tng
vn gi l Lc Hu, tng v gi l Lc Tng, con trai vua gi l Quan Lang, con gi vua gi l M
Nng, cc quan nh gi l B Chnh 4. Quyn chnh tr th c cha truyn con ni, gi l Ph o.
Xt t i Kinh Dng Vng n i vua Hng Vng th 18, c thy 20 ng vua, m tnh t nm
nhm tut (2879) n nm qu mo (258 trc Ty lch) th va c 2622 nm. C tnh hn b km,
mi ng vua tr v c non 150 nm! Du l ngi i thng c na, th cng kh lng m c nhiu
ngi sng lu c nh vy. - Xem th th bit truyn i Hng Bng khng chc l truyn xc
thc.
3. Truyn C Tch V i Hng Bng.
S chp rng i Hng Vng th nht, ngi nc Vn Lang lm ngh chi li, c hay b ging
thung lung lm hi, vua mi bt dn ly chm v mnh nhng ging y tng l ng loi khng
lm hi na5. S li chp rng thuyn ca ta ng mi thng hay lm hai con mt, cng c cho
cc th thy qui sng b khng quy nhiu n.
Trong i Hng Vng li c hai truyn m ngy nay ngi ta thng hay ni n, l truyn Ph ng
Thin Vng v truyn Sn Tinh Thy Tinh.
i vua Hng Vng th 6 c m gic gi l gic n, hung mnh lm, khng ai nh ni. Vua mi
sai s i rao trong nc tm ngi ti gii ra nh gic gip nc. By gi lng Ph ng, b
V Ninh (nay l huyn V Ging, tnh Bc Ninh), c a tr xin i nh gic gip vua. S gi v tu
vua, vua ly lm l, cho i vo chu. a tr y xin c cho mt con nga v ci roi bng st. Khi
nga v roi c xong th a tr y vn vai mt ci, t nhin ngi cao ln ln mt trng, ri nhy
ln nga cm roi i nh gic.
Tc truyn rng vua Hng Vng th 18 c ngi con gi tn l M Nng, nhan sc tuyt trn. Sn
Tinh v Thy Tinh u mun hi lm v. Hng Vng hn rng ngy hm sau ai em l n trc
th g cho ngi y. Ngy hm sau Sn Tinh n trc ly c M Nng em v ni Tn Vin (tc
l ni Ba V tnh Sn Ty).
Nhng ta phi hiu rng nc no cng vy, lc ban u m mt, ai cng mun tm ci gc tch ca
mnh ch thn tin cho v vang ci chng loi ca mnh. Chc cng bi l y m s ta chp rng
h Hng Bng l con tin chu rng, v.v....
Nay ta theo s c m chp mi truyn, ngi xem s nn phn bit truyn no l truyn thc, truyn
no l truyn t ra, th s hc mi c li vy.
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{5 S chp rng ngi Vit Nam ta c thi v mnh mi n i vua Anh Tng nh Trn mi b. }
1. Gc Tch Nh Thc
2. Nc u Lc
3. Nh Tn nh Bch Vit
4. Nh Thc Mt Nc
1. Gc Tch Nh Thc.
2. Nc u Lc.
S chp rng Thc Vng hi con gi ca Hng Vng th 18, l M Nng khng c, trong bng
ly lm tc gin, dn con chu ngy sau nh bo th ly nc Vn Lang. Hng Vng by gi cy
mnh c binh cng tng dng, b tr vic nc, ch ly ru ch lm vui th. Ngi chu Thc
Vng tn l Phn, bit tnh th y, mi em qun sang nh ly nc Vn Lang. Hng Vng thua
chy, nhy xung ging m t t.
Nm gip thn (275 trc Ty lch), Thc Vng dp yn mi ni ri, xng l An Dng Vng, ci
quc hiu l u Lc, ng Phong Kh (nay thuc huyn ng Anh, tnh Phc An). Hai nm sau l
nm bnh ng (255 trc Ty Lch), An Dng Vng xy Loa Thnh. Thnh y cao v t ngoi vo
th xoy trn c, cho nn mi gi l Loa Thnh. Hin nay cn du tch lng C Loa, huyn ng
Anh, tnh Phc An.
3. Nh Tn nh Bch Vit.
Ngi bn x t Bch Vit khng chu ngi Tu cai tr, trn vo rng . c t lu qun ca
Th, vn l ngi phng bc, khng chu c thy th, phi bnh rt nhiu. By gi ngi
Bch Vit tha th ni ln git c Th.
4. Nh Thc Mt Nc.
Chng c bao lu th nh Tn suy, nc Tu c nhiu gic gi, qun Nam Hi c quan y l Nhm
Ngao thy c c hi, mun mu nh ly u Lc lp mt nc t ch phng nam. Nhng cng
vic cha thnh, th Nhm Ngao mt. Khi sp mt, Nhm Ngao giao binh quyn li cho Triu
thay mnh lm quan y qun Nam Hi.
Tc truyn rng khi An Dng Vng xy Loa Thnh, c nhng yu qui quy nhiu, xy mi khng
c. An Dng Vng mi lp n ln cu khn, c thn Kim Qui hin ln by php cho vua tr
nhng yu qui i, by gi mi xy c thnh. Thn Kim Qui li cho An Dng Vng mt ci
mng chn, lm ci ly n. Lc no c gic th em ci n y ra bn mt pht, gic cht hng vn
ngi.
Chy n ni M D (thuc huyn ng Thnh, tnh Ngh An) gn b b, vua thy gic ui kp qu,
mi khn Kim Qui ln cu, Kim Qui ln ni rng: "Gic ngi sau lng nh vua y!" An Dng
Vng tc gin qu, rt gm ra chm M Chu i, ri nhy xung b m t tn8.
Nay lng C Loa trc n th An Dng Vng c ci ging tc truyn l Trng Thy cht ging
y. Tc li truyn rng M Chu b git i, v ni tnh thc m phi thc oan, cho nn mu nng y
chy xung b, nhng con trai n phi ha ra c ngc trn chu. H ai ly c ngc y em v ra
vo nc ci ging trong Loa Thnh l ch Trng Thy t t, th ngc y trong v p thm ra.
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{7 Xin ng lm nc Nam Vit ngy xa vi Nam Vit ca nc Vit Nam hin nay. }
1. Phong-Kin
2. Quan-Ch
3. Php-Ch
4. Binh-Ch
5. in-Ch
6. Hc-Hiu
7. Hc-Thut
8. Phong-Tc
1. Phong-Kin.
2. Quan-Ch.
Nh n t hai quan tng, su quan thi l: thi-t, thi-tng, thi- t, thi-chc, thi-s, thi-bc;
nm quan l: t-, t- m, t-khng, t-s, t-khu; su ph l: t-th, t-mc, t-thy, t-tho, t-
kh, t-ha; su cng l: th-cng, kim-cng, thch-cng, thy-cng, th-cng v tho-cng.
Ngi lm u thin-quan, gi l trng-t, thng c vic chnh-tr trong nc, vic thu-np c nm v
mi vic trong cung. Ngi lm u a quan gi l i-t- gi vic nng, vic thng, vic gio
dc v vic cnh st. Ngi lm u xun-quan gi l i-tng-b, gi vic t-t, triu, snh, hi-ng
v.v... Ngi lm u h-quan, gi l i-t-m, gi vic binh- m v vic i nh dp. Ngi lm u
thu-quan gi l i t-khu gi vic dn, vic hnh v vic kin-tng. Ngi lm u ng-quan gi l
i-t- khng, gi vic khuyn cng, khuyn nng v vic th mc v.v...
Trn lc quan li t tam cng, l: thi-s, thi-ph, thi- bo; tam c l : thiu-s, thiu-ph, thiu-
bo, bn xt vic tr nc yn dn, ch khng d vo vic hnh chnh.
3. Php-Ch.
4. Binh-Ch.
Qun th t quan mnh-an lm tng, s th t quan trung-i- phu lm sy, l th t quan i-h
lm sy, tt th t quan thng-s lm trng, lng th t quan trung-s lm t-m.
Trong nc chia ra lm tnh, mi tnh 8 nh, 4 tnh lm mt p 32 nh; 4 p lm mt khu, 128 nh; 4
khu lm mt in, 512 nh. C mi in phi chiu mt c binh xa, bn con nga, 12 con b, 3 ngi
gip s, 72 ngi b tt, 25 ngi khing-ti nhng nng. C thy l 100 ngi .
5. in Ch.
6. Hc-Hiu.
Nh Chu th t Tch-ung hoc nh Thnh-qun lm i hc, cho con vua, con cc quan v nhng
ngi tun t tuyn cc thn x n hc; cn chu, ng10 th t nh tiu hc gi l T v nh
Tng cho con dn-gian vo hc. Li t l c t 8 tui n 14 tui lm nin hn cho tiu hc, t
15 n 20 tui, lm nin-hn cho i hc. i hc th dy l, nhc, thi, th; tiu-hc th dy cch knh
trn nhng di v cch ng i, v.v...
7. Hc-Thut.
Hc-thut nc Tu v i nh Chu thnh lm, cho n i nh Xun-thu c nhiu hc-gi nh l
Lo-t bn o; Khng-t bn hiu, , nhn, ngha; Mc ch bn l kim-i, nn chung s tit kim
b m-nhc; Dng Chu th bn l v-k, nn t-trng thn mnh v khng chu thit mnh li ngi.
8. Phong-Tc.
Nc Tu ly s cy rung lm gc, nhng m vic nui tm, dt la, vic hp ch, vic bun-bn
cng pht-t c.
Dn trong nc chia ra lm 4 th: s, nng, cng, thng, nhng m con ngi lm quan li lm quan,
con ngi lm rung c lm rung, ch con ngi lm rung khng c lm quan. Tuy vy, n i
Xun-thu nhng ngi th dn ln lm tng vn tng v cng nhiu.
Trong gia-nh th gi tr trn di phn bit nghim lm. Con phi theo cha, v phi theo chng, con-
trai con-gi t 7 tui tr i, l khng c n mt mm, nm mt chiu na. Con trai 30 tui mi
c ly v, gi 20 tui mi c ly chng m hai ngi cng h khng c ly nhau.
Nc Tu v i Tam-i cng sng s t-t lm. Thng cng-t thin, a, nht, nguyt, sn, xuyn,
lm, trch. Nh vua lp n Nam-giao t Thng-. Li c nh X-tc t Th-thn v Hu-tc.
Cn s th-phng t-tin th t vua cho n th-dn u ly lm mt vic quan trng trong i ngi.
Xem nh th, th x-hi nc Tu v i Tam-i vn minh lm, nhng sau n cui i nh Chu,
v nh vua suy-nhc, cho nn ch hu, ngi xng hu, k xng vng ri tranh nhau, nh nhau nh
Ng-B i Xun-Thu, Tht-Hng i Chin-Quc, lm cho trm h lm than kh s.
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1. Triu V-Vng
2. V-Vng th-phong nh Hn
3. V-Vng xng
5. Triu Vn-Vng
6. Triu Minh-Vng
7. Triu Ai-Vng
8. Triu Dng-Vng
Trong khi Triu V-Vng gy-dng c-nghip Nam-Vit, th bn Tu, ng Lu Bang trit c
nh Tn, dit c nh S, nht-thng thin h, ri ln ngi Hong- tc l vua Cao T nh Hn. Vua
Cao-t thy Triu V-Vng c-lp phng nam, bn sai Lc Gi sang phong cho V-Vng. By
gi l nm t- t (196 tr. Ty-lch), nm th 12 i vua V-Vng nh Triu, v nm th 11 i vua
Cao-t nh Hn.
V-Vng vn l ngi kiu-cng, c khng mun phc nh Hn, n khi Lc Gi sang n ni, vo
yt-kin V-Vng, V-Vng ngi xp vnh trn, khng ng dy tip. Lc Gi thy vy mi ni
rng: "Nh vua l ngi nc Tu , m m v thn thch c chu Chn-nh. Nay nh Hn lm
vua thin h, sai s sang phong vng cho nh vua, nu nh vua khng-c s-thn, khng lm l th-
phong, Hn- tt l tc gin, hy-hoi m m v git hi thn-thch ca nh vua, ri em qun ra
nh th nh vua lm th no?" V-vng nghe li y vi-vng ng dy lm l t, ri ci m ni
rng: "Tic thay ta khng c khi nghip nc Tu, ch khng th ta cng chng km g Hn-!"
3. V-Vng xng .
Nm mu ng (183 tr. Ty-lch) vua Cao-t nh Hn mt ri, b L-hu lm triu tranh quyn Hu-,
ri li nghe li gim pha, cm khng cho ngi Hn bun bn nhng vng, st v nhng
in-kh vi ngi Nam-Vit. V-vng ly lm tc gin, li ng cho Trng-sa-vng xui L-hu
lm nh vy, bn t-lp lm Nam-vit Hong-, ri c binh-m sang nh qun Trng-sa (tnh H-
nam by gi).
Nm Canh thn (181 tr. Ty-lch) Hn-triu sai tng em qun sang nh Nam-vit. Qun nh Hn
chu khng c thy-th phng nam, nhiu ngi phi bnh-tt, bi vy phi chy thua v bc. T
thanh-th Triu V- lng ly, i u dng xe nga theo nghi-v Hong-, nh vua nh Hn vy.
"Trm l con trc-tht vua Cao-, phng mnh ra tr nc i , v non sng cch tr, thn mnh phc-
lu, cho nn lu nay cha tng a th sang hi thm nh vua .
T khi c Cao- xa b qun-thn , c Hu- qua i, b Cao- hu lm triu, khng may b bnh,
cho h L chuyn quyn, toan em con h khc ni-c Hu-. May nh nh Tng-miu linh-
thing, cc cng thn ra sc dp k tim-nghch.
Trm v cc vng-hu cng bch quan c p, cho nn phi ln ngi Hong-. Mi ri trm nghe nh
vua c a th cho Long-l-hu, nhn tin v xin anh em h-hng qun Chn-nh, v xin bi binh
qun Trng-sa.
Th va ri trm nghe nh vua cn em binh quy-nhiu ngoi bin, qun Trng-sa tht kh, m
Nam-qun li cn kh hn. Lm nh th, nc nh vua c chc li c mt mnh khng? Tt l
tng-t qun-s cht nhiu, lm cho v ngi ga chng, con ngi m-ci b, cha m mt con, c
mt mt mi, trm khng lng no n lm nh vy.
Trm nay xin cng nh vua gc b iu c, t ry tr i, thng s nh xa. Vy trm sai Lc Gi sang
em trm khuyn nh vua nn nghe, ch lm chi nhiu s cp bc tai-hi"
Xem th ca Hn-Vn- li-l t-t, tht l c nhn-t, v th cho nn Triu V- phi chu phc,
v p th li rng:
"Nam di i-trng lo-phu thn, , mui t ti bi, dng th ln Hong- b-h. Lo-phu l k c-
li nc Vit, khi Hiu Hu Hong- ln ngi, tnh-ngha khng dt, vn hu i lo phu. n khi
Cao-hu lm triu, li phn-bit ra Trung-hoa, ngoi-di, h lnh cm khng c bn cho Nam- vit
nhng vng st v in kh; cn nga, tru d th ch bn cho ging c, ch khng bn cho ging
ci.
Lo-phu li phong vn rng nh Hn em hy-hoi c phn m lo- phu cng git c anh em tng-tc
lo phu, cho nn c bn ring vi chng rng: nay trong khng v-vang vi nh Hn, ngoi li
khng c g hn c nc Ng, cy c xng -hiu; m chng qua t nc mnh, khng dm hi
g thin-h.
Cao-hu nghe thy th, ly lm tc gin, em tc b s Nam-Vit i, khng cho thng s, lo phu
trm ngh rng hn v Trng-sa-vng gim pha, cho nn Lo-phu c em binh nh.
T khi Triu V-Vng chu b -hiu, Nam Bc li giao thng ha hiu khng c iu g na.
Nm gip-thn (137 trc Ty-lch), Triu V-Vng mt. S chp rng ngi th c 121 tui v
lm vua c hn 70 nm.
Triu V-vng truyn ngi li cho chu ch tn, tn l H tc l Triu Vn-vng, tr c 12 nm.
Triu Vn-vng vn l ngi tm thng, tnh kh nhu nhc, khng c nh Triu V-vng. Khi
mi ln lm vua c hai nm, th vua Mn-Vit (tnh Phc-kin by gi) em qun sang nh ph
ch bin thy nc Nam-vit. Triu Vn-vng khng dm c binh-m ra chng c, sai s sang cu
cu bn Hn-triu.
7. Triu Ai-Vng.
Mu-thn (113 tr. Ty lch) Triu Minh-Vng mt, thi t Hng ln lm vua, tc l Triu Ai-Vng,
tr-v c mt nm.
By gi vua nh Hn cho An-quc Thiu Qu sang d Nam-Vit v chu. Thiu Qu nguyn l tnh-
nhn ca C-th lc trc, n khi sang Nam- Vit gp nhau, li t thng vi nhau ri d-dnh Ai-
vng em nc Nam- vit v dng nh Hn.
Khi C-th v Ai-vng nh v Hn-triu, th c quan T-tng l L Gia, bit r tnh-, can-
ngn mi khng c, mi truyn hch i mi ni ni rng vua v C-thi-hu sp em nc dng cho
nh Hn; ri L Gia cng vi my ngi i thn em qun cm-binh vo git s nh Hn, C- Th v
Ai-Vng. on ri tn Kin c ln lm vua. Kin c l con trng ca Minh-Vng m l ngi
Nam-Vit lm vua.
8. Triu Dng-Vng.
Kin c ln lm vua, tc l Dng-Vng. Dng-Vng mi ln lm vua c mt nm th vua
V- nh Hn sai Phc-ba tng-qun l L- Bc-c v Dng Bc em 5 o qun sang nh ly
Nam-Vit. Quan Thi-ph L Gia ra chng c khng ni, phi em Dng-Vng chy. Qun nh
Hn ui theo bt c, vua ti u b hi c. Nm y l nm canh-ng (111 tr. Ty-lch), nc Nam
b ngi Tu chim ly, ci l Giao-ch-b, chia ra lm 9 qun, v t quan cai- tr nh cc chu qun
bn Tu vy.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn II : Bc-Thuc Thi-i
1. Chnh-Tr nh Ty-Hn
1. Chnh-Tr nh Ty-Hn.
1. Nam-hi: (Qung-ng)
2. Thng-ng: (Qung-ty)
3. Ut-lm: (Qung-ty)
9. m-nh: (o Hi-nam)
Mi qun c quan thi-th coi vic cai-tr trong qun v li c quan th-s gim st cc qun.
trong qun Giao-ch th c nhng lc tng hay lc hu vn c th tp gi-quyn cai tr cc b lc
ta h nh cc quan lang mn thng-du t Bc-Vit by gi.
Quan th-s trc tin l Thch i , ng ph cai tr Long-uyn. C sch chp l ph tr tha y
ng Lng-kh, thuc ph Thun-thnh by gi.
Tch Quang sang lm thi-th qun Giao-ch t i vua Bnh- nh Ty Hn, vo qung nm th hai,
th ba v th k nht. Ngi ht lng lo vic khai-ha, dy dn ly iu l-ngha, cho nn dn trong
qun c nhiu ngi knh phc.
(40-43)
Nm gip-ng (34) l nm Kin-v th 10, vua Quang-v sai T nh sang lm thi th qun Giao-
ch.
V Thi Sch l Trng-Trc con gi quan lc tng huyn M-linh (lng H-li, huyn Yn-lng,
tnh Phc-yn) cng vi em gi l Trng-Nh, ni ln em qun v nh T nh. Bn T nh phi
chy trn v qun Nam Hi.
Nm tn-su (41) vua Quan-v sai M Vin lm Phc-ba tng-qun, Lu Long lm ph tng cng
vi quan Lu-thuyn tng qun l on Ch sang nh Trng-vng.
Nhng tng ca hai b l bn Dng chy vo gi huyn C- phong thuc qun Cu-chn. Sau
M Vin em qun vo nh, bn Dng u phi ra hng.
-----------------------------
(43-544)
I . Nh ng Hn
1. Chnh Tr nh ng Hn
2. L Tin v L Cm
3. S Nhip
1. Nh ng Ng
3. Nh Ng chia t Giao-chu
III. Nh Tn
1. Chnh-tr nh Tn
1. Tnh th nc Tu
2. Vic nh Lm-p
I. Nh ng-Hn (25-220)
1. Chnh-Tr nh ng-Hn.
T chnh-tr nh ng Hn cng ngy cng ngt thm, m nhng quan-li sang cai-tr Giao-ch
thng c lm ngi tn-c, tham nhng, bt dn ln rng xung b tm nhng chu-bu. Dn
qun Hp-ph c phi xung b m ngc trai kh qu, n ni phi b x m i.
Triu nh th xa, quan-li ra cai-tr th tha h m tung-honh, ting oan-c ku khng thu vo u,
cho nn thng hay c s lon-lc, lm cho dn-gian phi nhiu s kh-s.
2. L Tin v L Cm.
3. S Nhip (187-226).
1. Nh ng-Ng (222-280).
S Nhip Giao-chu c 40 nm, tuy thit c uy-quyn ci Giao- chu, nhng vn theo l triu
cng nh Hn, v n khi nh Hn mt th li triu cng nh Ng.
Nm bnh-ng (226) l nm Hong-v th 5 nh Ng, S Nhip mt, con S Huy t xng lm Thi-th.
Ng-ch l Tn quyn bn chia t Giao- chu, t Hp ph v bc gi l Qung-chu. Sai L i lm
Qung Chu th s, i Lng lm Giao-chu th s, v sai Trn Th sang thay S Nhip lm thi-th
qun Giao-ch.
Bn i Lng v Trn Th sang n Hp-ph th S Huy em qun ra chng gi. Th S Qung chu
l L i mi tin qun sang nh dp, v cho ngi n d S Huy ra hng. S Huy em 5 anh em ra
hng, L i sai bt S Huy em chm i, cn my anh em th em v Ng-triu lm ti.
S ta chp rng b Triu l ngi huyn Nng-cng by gi. Tha nh cha m mt c, vi anh l
Triu quc t, dn 20 tui gp phi ngi ch du c nghit, b y git i ri vo trong ni. B
y l mt ngi c sc mnh, li c ch-kh v lm mu-lc. Khi vo trong ni chiu m hn
1,000 trng s lm th h. Anh thy th mi can b, th b bo rng: "Ti mun ci cn gi mnh,
p ng sng d, chm c trng-knh b ng ch khng thm bt-chc ngi i ci u cong
lng lm t-thip ngi ta."
Nm mu-thn (248) v quan-li nh Ng tn-c, dn-gian kh-s, Triu quc t mi khi binh nh
qun Cu-chn. B em qun ra nh gip anh, qun s ca Triu quc t thy b lm tng c can
m, bn tn ln lm ch. Khi b ra trn th ci voi v mc o gip vng l Nhy-kiu tng-qun.
V sau vua Nam nh Tin-L, khen l ngi trung-dng sai lp miu th, phong l: "Bt chnh anh
lit hng ti trinh nht phu-nhn". Nay x Ph-in, tnh Thanh-ha cn n th.
3. Nh Ng chia t Giao-Chu.
III Nh Tn (256-420)
1. Chnh-Tr Nh Tn.
Nh Tn c thin-h ri, thy nh Ngy v th c m mt, bn i phong cho h-hng v sai ra trn
cc ni lm vy cnh cho nh vua. Nhng cng v l y m cc thn vng thng v lng tham
danh-li c dy binh nh git ln nhau, lm cho anh em trong nh, ct nhc tng tn, m ngi vua
cng thnh ra suy nhc.
t Giao-chu ta vn thuc v nh Tn. Nhng quan li sang cai-tr cng nh quan li i nh Hn,
nh Ng, thnh thong mi gp c mt vi ngi nhn t t t, th dn gian mi c yn n, cn th
l nhng ngi tham lam, c-c, lm cho nhn dn phi lm than kh s. Cng lm khi bn quan li
c nhng ngi phn nghch nh git ln nhau, lm cho trong nc c phi lon lc lun.
Trong i Tam-quc, ngi Lm-p hay sang cp ph qun Nht-nam v qun Cu-chn, bi vy
khi nh Tn ly c ng-ng ri, mun gim bt qun cc chu qun, nhng quan th s
Giao-chu l o Hong dng s v tu rng: "Vua nc Lm-p l Phm Hng thng vi nc Ph
Nam hay sang quy nhiu t Nht-nam nu li gim bt qun Giao-chu i, th s qun Lm-p
li sang nh ph."
Xem nh vy th nc Lm-p c t u nh th k.
Phm Hng truyn cho con l Phm Dt. Phm Dt mt, th ngi gia n l Phm Vn cp mt ngi.
Phm Vn truyn cho con l Phm Pht.
Nm qu-su (353) i vua Mc- nh ng-Tn, th-s Giao-chu l Nguyn Phu nh vua Lm-
p l Phm Pht, ph c hn 50 n ly. Phm Pht mt, truyn ngi li cho con chu l Phm H-
t. Nm k hi (399) Phm H-t em qun sang nh ly hai qun Nht-nam v Cu- chn ri li
i nh Giao-chu. By gi c thi th qun Giao-ch l Vin nh ui ngi Lm-p, ly li hai
qun. Vin c phong lm Giao- chu th-s.
Nm qu-su (413) Phm H-t li em qun sang ph qun Cu-chn. Khi by gi con Vin
l Tu- lm Giao-chu th s em binh ra ui nh, chm c tng Lm-p l bn Phm
Kin v bt c hn 100 ngi.
Ngi Lm-p vn cn hay tnh i cp ph, c nm ba nm li sang quy nhiu t Nht nam.
Tu- nh sang nh Lm-p tr ci hi v sau, bn n nm canh-thn (420) ct binh m sang
nh, chm git tn hi, ri bt ngi Lm-p c hng nm cng tin: voi, vng, bc, i-mi v.v. T
mi c tm yn.
1. Tnh-Th Nc Tu.
2. Vic nh Lm-p.
n Ha Chi v Tng Xc tin qun chm c tng, ph c thnh, qun Lm-p v tan, Phm
Dng Mi cng vi con chy thot c. n Ha Chi vo t Lm-p ly c vng bc chu bu
rt nhiu. S chp rng n Ha Chi ly c mt ci tng bng vng my ngi m khng xu,
em nu-c c hn 10 vn cn. T y ngi Tu bit Lm-p c nhiu ca, c chc sang ly.
n Ha Chi cng t y b gim pha, phi cch chc ui v.
3. S bin-lon -- t Giao-Chu.
{15 Ng H l 5 r: Hung N v r Yt (chng loi Mng C), r Tin Ti (chng loi Mn Chu), r
Chi v r Khng (chng loi Ty Tng) }
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn II : Bc-Thuc Thi-i
(544 - 602)
1. L Nam
3. Hu L Nam
1. L Nam (544-548).
L Bn, c ngi gi l L B, vn dng di ngi Tu. T tin i Ty Hn phi trnh lon chy
sang Giao Chu, n lc by gi l by i, thnh ra ngi bn x. Khi chim gi c t Giao
Chu ri, ng sa sang mi vic, nh lp nghip lu di. Qua nm Qu Hi (543) qun Lm p li
sang ph qun Nht Nam, L Bn sai tng l Phm Tu vo nh Cu c (H Tnh), ngi Lm
p thua chy v nc.
Nh Lng li tin ln ui nh, L Nam thy th mnh yu, chng khng ni, mi rt qun ln
ng ng Khut Liu (thuc t Hng Ha), i thu xp c qun s li ra nh. c non
mt nm, L Nam em hai vn qun ra nh nhau vi Trn B Tin h in Trit (?), li thua.
L Nam bn giao binh quyn li cho t tng qun Triu Quang Phc chng nhau vi qun nh
Lng ri tr v Khut Liu.
Triu Quang Phc l con quan thi ph Triu Tc ngi Chu Din (Vnh Tng, tnh Vnh Yn)
theo cha gip L Nam lp c nhiu cng, nay em qun chng c vi nh Lng c t lu, ri
sau thy th qun Tu cn mnh, ch khng ni, bn rt qun v D Trch17. D Trch l ch ng
ly, chung quanh c mc nh rng, gia c bi ct lm nh c. Triu Quang Phc vo y,
ngy np n, ti th cho lnh ch thuyn c mc ra nh qun ca Trn B Tin, cp ly lng thc
v nui qun s. Trn B Tin nh mi khng c. Ngi thi by gi gi Triu Quang Phc l D
Trch Vng.
Nm Mu Thn (548) L Nam trong Khut Liu phi bnh mt, sang nm sau Triu Quang Phc
D Trch c tin y bn xng l Vit Vng. By gi qun ca Vit Vng sp ht lng, m mi
khng ph c qun Tu. May nh gp lc bn Tu c lon Hu Cnh, vua nh Lng phi triu
Trn B Tin v ngi t tng l Dng Sn li chng c vi Triu Quang Phc. Quang Phc
mi tha th em qun ra nh ph qun Tu, ri v ly li thnh Long Bin.
Khi L Nam tht th chy v Khut Liu th ngi anh h l L Thin Bo cng vi ngi h l L
Pht T em qun chy vo qun Cu Chn, ri b qun nh Lng ui nh chy sang Lo, n
ng ng D Nng, xng l o Lang Vng, quc hiu l D Nng.
Nm t Hi (555) l nm th 7 i Triu Vit Vng, L Thin Bo mt, khng c con, binh quyn
v c L Pht T. n nm inh Su (557) L Pht T em qun v chng vi Triu Vit Vng.
nh nhau my trn khng c, Pht T mi xin chia t ging ha. Triu Vit Vng ngh tnh h
L, cng thun chia t cho L Pht T.
L Pht T ng Din (nay vo lng i M, thuc huyn T Lim, tnh H ng). Triu Vit
Vng ng Long Bin, ly bi Qun Thn lm gii hn (bi y thuc lng Thng Cc, huyn T
Lim). Triu Vit
Vng li g con gi cho Pht T t tnh ha hiu vi nhau. Nhng Pht T vn c mun thn
tnh, bi vy b ngoi tuy ha hiu, nhng b trong vn sa son nh ly Long Bin.
Nm Tn Mo (571), Pht T bt thnh lnh em qun nh Triu Vit Vng. Triu Vit Vng thua
chy n sng i Nha (nay huyn i An, tnh Nam nh), nhy xung sng t tn. Ngi y
cm nh Triu Vit Vng, mi lp n th ch sng i Nha. Nay cn c n th lng i B,
gn huyn i An.
3. Hu L Nam (571-602).
L Pht T ly c thnh Long Bin ri, xng hiu, ng Phong Chu (thuc huyn Bch
Hc, tnh Vnh Yn), sai L i Quyn gi Long Bin v L Ph nh gi Din.
Trong khi L Pht T lm vua Nam Vit th vua Vn nh Ty gm c Nam Bc, nht thng
nc Tu. n nm Nhm Tut (602) vua nh Ty sai tng l Lu Phng em qun 27 doanh sang
nh Nam Vit.
{16 C theo sch "Khm nh Vit S" th huyn Thi Bnh thuc v Phong Chu ngy trc, nay
vo a ht tnh Sn Ty nhng m khng r l ch no, ch khng phi l ph Thi Bnh Sn Nam
m by gi l tnh Thi Bnh. }
(603 - 939)
I. Nh Ty.
1. Vic nh Lm p
II. Nh ng
1. Chnh tr nh ng
2. An Nam h ph
3. Mai Hc
4. Gic b
5. B Ci i Vng
10. S tr lon ca nc Tu
III. i Ng Qu
1. Tnh th nc Tu
3. Khc Ho
4. Khc Tha M
I. Nh Ty (589 - 617)
1. Vic nh Lm p.
2. An Nam H Ph.
Nc ta gi l An Nam khi u t y.
y l i cch chnh tr nh ng nh vy. Cn thng th cng lon lc lun: khi th ngi trong
nc ni ln nh ph nh Mai Hc v B Ci i Vng: khi th nhng nc ngoi vo xm
phm, nh nc Hon Vng v nc Nam Chiu.
3. Mai Hc (722).
Nm Nhm Tut (722) l nm Khai Nguyn th 10 v i vua Huyn Tng nh ng, Hoan Chu
c mt ngi tn l Mai Thc Loan ni ln chng c vi qun nh ng.
Mai Thc Loan l ngi huyn Thin Lc, tc l huyn Can Lc, tnh H Tnh by gi, mt mi en
s, sc vc khe mnh, thy quan nh ng lm nhiu iu tn bo, dn gian kh s, li nhn lc by
gi lm gic gi, ng y bn chiu m nhng ngi ngha dng, ri chim gi ly mt ch t Hoan
Chu (nay thuc huyn Nam ng tnh Ngh An) ri xy thnh p ly, xng hong , tc gi l Hc
.
4. Gic B.
Quan Kinh Lc S l Trng B Ngh cng vi quan y l Cao Chnh Bnh em qun nh ph
c l gic y. Trng B Nghi bn p La Thnh phng th ph tr. La Thnh khi u t y.
5. B Ci i Vng (791).
Nm Tn V (791) quan H l Cao Chnh Bnh bt dn ng su thu nng qu, lng dn on hn.
Khi by gi qun ng Lm (by gi l lng Cam Lm, huyn Phc Th, tnh Sn Ty) c ngi
tn l Phng Hng ni ln em qun v ph ph H. Cao Chnh Bnh lo s thnh bnh m cht.
Phng Hng mi chim gi ph thnh, c my thng th mt. Qun s lp con Phng Hng l Phng
An ln ni nghip. Dn i m Phng Hng mi lp n th v tn ln lm B Ci i Vng, bi v
ta gi cha l b, m l ci, ngha l tn Phng Hng ln lm cha m.
Ch Cc a i quc hiu l Hon Vng Quc. T v sau thng ngi nc hon vng li
sang quy nhiu giao chu, v chim gi ly Chu Hoan v Chu i.
Nm Mu T (808) i vua Hin Tng, quan H l Trng Chu em binh thuyn i nh git hi
qun Hon Vng rt nhiu. Vua nc y bn lui v pha Nam ( vo qung tnh Qung Nam, Qung
Ngha by gi) v i quc hiu l Chim Thnh.
Trong khong nm Khai Nguyn (713-742) i vua Huyn Tng nh ng, Nam Chiu l B La Cp
cng thnh ln, m 5 chiu kia suy hn i. B La Cp mi t lt cho quan Tit S o Kim Nam
l Vng Dc xin hp c 6 chiu li lm mt. Triu nh nh ng thun cho, v t tn l Qui
Ngha. T Nam Chiu cng ngy cng thnh ln, em qun i nh Th Phn (Ty Tng) ri di
ln ng thnh Thi Ha (thnh i L by gi).
Nm Bnh Dn (846) qun Nam Chiu sang cp Giao Chu, quan Kinh Lc S l Bi Nguyn D
em qun nh ui i.
Nm Mu Dn (858), nh ng sai Vng Thc sang lm Kinh Lc S. Vng Chc l ngi c
ti lc, tr dn c php tc, cho nn nhng gic gi u dp yn c c, m qun Mng v qun
Nam Chiu cng khng dm sang quy nhiu.
Nm Nhm Ng (862), qun Nam Chiu sang nh Giao Chu, nh ng sai Thi Tp em ba vn
qun sang chng gi. Qun Nam Chiu thy qun nh ng nhiu li rt v. By gi c quan Tit
S Lnh Nam l Thi Kinh s Thi Tp lp c cng to bn mt tu vi vua nh ng rng Giao
Chu yn, th nn rt qun v. Thi Tp xin li 5.000 qun cng khng c.
Thng ging nm Qu Mi (863), Nam Chiu em 50.000 qun sang nh ph thnh. Thi Tp cu
khng kp, th bc qu phi t t. Trn y c tng nh ng l Nguyn Duy c em hn 400 qun
Kinh Nam chy ra n b sng, thuyn b khng c, Nguyn Duy c bo chng rng chy xung
nc cng cht, bt nhc tr li nh nhau vi gic, mt ngi i ly hai ngi th chng li hn
hay sao. Ni on quay tr li git c hn 2.000 ngi, nhng m n tng Nam Chiu la
Dng T Tn em binh n nh, bn Nguyn Duy c cht c.
Qun Nam Chiu vo thnh git hi rt nhiu ngi. S chp rng Nam Chiu hai ln sang nh ph
thnh, git ngi Giao Chu hn 15 vn.
Vua Nam Chiu l Mng Th Long cho Dng T Tn qun lnh 20.000 qun v cho on T Thin
lm Tit S li gi Giao Chu.
Cao Bin l ngi tng gii nh ng, vn dng v tng mn, tnh ham vn hc, qun s u c
lng mn phc.
Nm t Du (865), Cao Bin cng vi quan Gim Qun l L Duy Chu a qun sang ng Hi
Mn. Nhng L Duy Chu khng a Cao Bin, mun tm mu lm hi. Hai ngi bn nh tin binh.
Cao Bin dn 5.000 qun i trc, L Duy Chu khng pht binh tip ng.
Thng chn nm y qun r ang gt lc Phong Chu (huyn Bch Hc, tnh Vnh Yn), Cao Bin
n nh ct ln mt trn, git c nhiu ngi, ri ly thc go nui qun lnh.
n thng 4 nm sau (866), Nam chiu cho bn Dng Tp, Phm N Ta, Triu Nc Mi sang gip
on T Thin gi Giao Chu. Khi by gi c tng nh ng l Vi Trng T em 7.000 qun
mi sang, Cao Bin nhn dp mi pht binh nh c my trn, cho ngi a tin thng trn v Kinh,
nhng m i n Hi Mn, L Duy Chu gi li, khng cho triu nh bit.
Trong triu mi khng thy tin tc g, cho ra hi, th L Duy Chu tu di rng Cao Bin ng qun
Phong Chu khng chu nh gic. Vua nghe tin y, ni gin sai Vng n Quyn ra thay, v i Cao
Bin v hi ti. Ngay thng y Cao Bin ph qun Nam Chiu v vy La Thnh hn 10 ngy ri,
ch nay mai th ly c, bng chc c tin Vng n Quyn v L Duy Chu sang thay. Cao Bin
lin giao binh quyn cho Vi Trng T, ri cng vi my ngi th h v Bc. Nhng trc Cao Bin
sai ngi ln v Kinh dng biu tu r tnh trng. Vua nh ng bit r s tnh, mng lm, li cho
Cao Bin thng trt v sai tr sang cm qun nh Nam Chiu.
Bn Vng n Quyn v L Duy Chu li bing khng vy nh g c, n khi Cao Bin tr sang mi
c qun binh nh thnh, git c on T Thin v ngi th lm hng o l Chu C o. Cn
nhng ng Mn Th cc ni xin v hng rt nhiu.
Vua nh ng i An Nam lm Tnh Hi, phong cho Cao Bin lm Tit S. Cao Bin chnh n
mi cng vic, lp n i mn bin thy phng gi gic gi, lm s su thu chi dng vic
cng20. Cao Bin tr dn c php tc cho nn ai cng knh phc, bi vy mi gi tn ln l Cao
Vng.
S chp rng Cao Bin dng php ph thy khin Thin Li ph nhng thc ghnh cc sng cho
thuyn b i c. Thin Li y c l l Cao Bin dng thuc sng chng?
Tc li truyn rng Cao Bin thy bn Giao Chu ta lm t ai vng, thng c ci diu giy i
ym t, ph nhng ch sn thy p, v hi mt nhiu long mch. Nhng chuyn y l chuyn ngoa
ngn, khng c l g m tin c.
Nm t V (875) vua nh ng sai Cao Bin sang lm Tit S Ty Xuyn (T Xuyn). Bin
dng ngi chu h l Cao Tm lm Tit S giao Chu.
1. Tnh Th Nc Tu.
Nm sau nh ng mt ngi, nh Hu Lng phong cho Lu n lm Nam Bnh Vng, kim chc
Tit S Qung Chu v Tnh Hi, c ly li Giao Chu.
Khc Tha D lm Tit S c non mt nm th mt, giao quyn li cho con l Khc Ho.
Khc Ho ln thay cha lm Tit S, lp ra l, ph, chu, x cc ni, t quan li, sa sang vic
thu m, vic su dch v li cho con l Khc Tha M sang s bn Qung Chu, ting l kt hiu vi
nhau, nhng ct d thm mi vic h thc.
Nm inh Su (917) Khc Ho mt, truyn nghip li cho con l Khc Tha M. Khc Tha M
nhn chc Tit S ca nh Lng, ch khng thn phc nh Nam Hn. Vua nc Nam hn ly s
y lm him, n nm Qu Mi (923) sai tng l L Khc Chnh em qun sang nh bt c Khc
Tha M, ri sai L Tin sang lm th s cng vi L Khc Chnh gi Giao Chu.
Nm Tn Mo (931) Dng Din Ngh l tng ca Khc Ho ngy trc mi ni ln, m qun nh
ui bn L Khc Chnh v L Tin i, ri t xng lm Tit S. c 6 nm, Dng Din Ngh
b ngi nha tng l Kiu Cng Tin git i m cp ly quyn.
Khi y c ngi tng ca Dng Din Ngh l Ng Quyn c binh i nh Kiu Cng Tin bo
th cho cha. Ng Quyn l ngi lng ng Lm, cng mt lng vi Phng Hng ngy trc (huyn
Ph Th, tnh Sn Ty) lm quan vi Dng Din Ngh. Dng Din Ngh thy ngi c ti tr mi
g con gi cho, v phong cho vo gi i Chu (Thanh Ha). Khi c tin Kiu Cng Tin git mt
Dng Din Ngh, Ng Quyn lin em qun ra nh.
Kiu Cng Tin cho sang cu cu bn Nam Hn, Hn Ch nhn dp cho thi t l Hong Tho a
qun i trc, mnh t dn qun i tip ng.
Khi qun Hong Tho vo gn n sng Bch ng, th bn ny Ng Quyn git c Kiu Cng
Tin (938), ri mt mt truyn lnh cho qun s phi ht sc phng b, mt mt sai ngi ly g cp
st nhn, cm ngm di lng sng Bch ng, xong ri ch n lc nc thy triu ln, cho qun
ra khiu chin; qun Nam Hn ui theo, n lc nc xung, Ng Quyn hi qun nh p li, qun
Nam Hn thua chy, bao nhiu thuyn mc vo cc g thng nt mt c, ngi cht qu na, Hong
Tho b Ng Quyn bt c, em v git i.
Hn Ch nghe tin y, khc a ln, ri em qun v Phin Ngung, khng dm sang quy nhiu na.
Ng Quyn trong th git c nghch thn, bo th cho ch, ngoi th ph c cng ch, bo ton
cho nc, tht l mt ngi trung ngha lu danh thin c, m cng nh c tay Ng Quyn, nc Nam
ta mi ci c ch Bc thuc hn mt nghn nm, v m ng cho inh, L, L, Trn, v sau ny
c t ch ci Nam vy.
-------------------------------
{20 C ngi bo rng ngi Vit Nam ta phi ng su thu khi u t Cao Bin. nm by mi
nm, khi y c mt nh ng ln dp lon yn nc, lp ln c nghip mt nh khc. }
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn II : Bc-Thuc Thi-i
2. Nho Gio
3. o Gio
4. Pht Gio
X Giao Chu ta b ngi Tu sang cai tr by lu nm th chc l s sinh hot ca ngi bn x cng
b thay i mt cch khc hn vi trc. Khi t Giao Chu cn gi l Vn Lang hay l u Lc th
ngi bn x n th no, phong tc lm sao, nay cng khng c di tch g m k cu rch r c.
C l cng t h nh Mng hay l Mn mn thng du t Bc Vit by gi. Gi s? c em vua
Hng Vng h Hng Bng v vua An Dng Vng h Thc m snh vi my ngi Quan Lang
mn thng du th d thng cng khng xa s thc l my. Nhng y l mt iu ni phng m thi,
ch ly g lm ch xc?
V li, khi ngi mt x hi vn minh nh ngi Tu m i m t cha khai nh t Giao Chu
lc by gi, th e rng ngi Tu chim gi ly ch bnh a ri t hp vi nhau m lm n, cn nhng
ngi bn x th hoc l ln vi k khe hn mnh, hoc git hi i, hoc vo trong rng trong ni
ri cht mn cht mi i. K nh th th ngi mnh by gi cng khng xa ngi Tu l bao nhiu.
2. Nho Gio.
Nho gio sinh ra t c Khng T. Ngi hy l Khu, tn ch l Trng Ni, sinh nc L (thuc tnh
Sn ng) vo nm 551 trc Ty Lch, v i vua Linh Vng nh Chu.
Ngi sinh ra vo i Xun Thu, c Ng B tranh cng, dn tnh kh s, phong tc bi hoi. Ngi
mun ly o lun thng m dy ngi ta cch n vi nhau trong i. Ngi i du lch trong my
nc ch hu, ht nc n qua n nc kia, mn theo ngi cng nhiu. n lc gi, ngi tr v
nc L, son kinh Thi, kinh Th, kinh Dch, nh kinh L, kinh Nhc v lm ra kinh Xun Thu, ri
n nm 479 trc Ty Lch v i vua Knh Vng nh Chu th Ngi mt, th c 72 tui.
Tng chi, o Ngi th c nhiu l tng cao siu (xem sch Nho Gio)21 nhng v ng thc t th
ch trng lun thng o l. Ci o lun l ca Ngi c th truyn cho mun i v sau khng
bao gi vt qua c. i vi mi ngi th Ngi dy: "K s bt dc, vt thi nhn", iu g mnh
khng mun ngi ta lm cho mnh, th mnh ng lm cho ai". i vi vic bn phn ca mnh th
ngi dy: "Qun t ng nhi th vi thin h o, hnh nhi th vi thin h php, ngn nhi th vi thin h
tc, vin chi tc vng, cn chi tc bt ym", ngi qun t c ng vic g l lm o cho thin h,
ni nng iu g l lm mc cho thin h; ngi xa th mun li gn, ngi gn th khng bao
gi chn22.
o ca Khng T truyn cho thy Tng Sm; Tng Sm truyn cho Khng Cp; Khng Cp truyn
cho thy Mnh Kha tc l thy Mnh T.
Thy Mnh T l mt nh i hin trit nc Tu, lm sch Mnh T, bn s trng nhn ngha, khinh
cng li, v cho tnh ngi ta vn lnh, ai cng c th nn c Nghiu, Thun c.
n i nh Tn, vua Th Hong git nhng ngi Nho hc, t c sch v, o Nho phi mt lc
gian nan. n i vua Cao T nh Hn li tn knh o Nho, sai lm l thi lao t c Khng T. n
i vua V nh Hn li t quan bc s dy nm kinh. T y tr i, o Nho mi ngy mt
thnh, du trong nc c o Lo, o Pht mc lng, bao gi o nho vn trng hn.
3. o Gio.
Nguyn t i vua Th Hong nh Tn v vua V nh Hn, ngi Tu tin s thn tin, sau n
cui i nh ng Hn c Trng o Lng son ra 24 thin o Kinh ging ci thut trng sinh.
Bn gic Hong Cn Trng Gic chnh l hc tr ca Trng o Lng. n i nh ng Tn li
c Ct Hng ni rng c tin thut ri lm sch dy nhng thut y. T y v sau o gio thnh
dn ln, tn Lo T lm Thi Thng Lo Qun.
Tuy o Lo v sau thnh hnh nc Tu, nhng cng khng bng o Pht. o Pht l mt o
n em vo nc Tu, v li l mt tn gio rt ln th gian ny.
4. Pht Gio.
T t o Pht l c Thch Ca Mu Ni. Khng bit r ngi sinh vo i no. C kin ca o phi
v pha Bc t n th cho l ngi sinh v nm 1028 trc Ty Lch k nguyn, vo i vua
Chiu Vng nh Chu. Cn o phi pha Nam th cho vo nm 624. Nhng nh bc hc thi by
gi cho ngi sinh vo nm 558 hay l 520, cng vi Khng T mt thi.
n i Nam Bc Triu, vua Hin Minh nh Ngy sai tng l Hu Sinh v Tng Vn sang Ty Vc ly
c hn 170 b kinh em v. T o Pht rt thnh, kinh in c n 450 b, cha chin c
hn 3 vn, tng ni c n 2 triu ngi.
i vua Thi Tng nh ng (630), c ng Huyn Trang (tc gi l ng Tng hay ng Tam
Tng) i sang n hn 10 nm ly c 650 b kinh nh Pht. n i vua Cao Tng (672) ng
Ngha Tnh li sang n ly c 400 b kinh nh Pht na.
Khi nhng o Nho, o Khng, o Pht pht t bn Tu, th t Giao Chu ta cn thuc v nc
Tu, cho nn ngi mnh cng theo nhng o y. V sau nc mnh t ch ri, nhng o y li
cng thnh thm, nh l o Pht th thnh v i nh inh, nh Tin L, v nh L, m o Nho th
thnh t i nh Trn tr i.
Phm phong tc v chnh tr l do s hc thut v tng gio m ra. M ngi mnh theo hc tht v
tng gio ca Tu th iu g ta cng noi theo Tu ht c. Nhng xt ra th iu g mnh cng thua km
Tu, m t ngi mnh khng thy c tm kim v by t ra c ci g cho xut sc, gi l c ci
tinh thn ring ca ni ging mnh, l ti lm sao?
----------------------------
{22 Snh vi li ca Khang c tin sinh l mt nh i trit hc phng u: "Agis de telle que la
maxime de ton vouloir puisse tre accepte comme rgle universelle", n th no cho bao nhiu
nhng vic mnh lm c th lm ci cng l cho thin h. }
(939-965)
1. Tin Ng-Vng
3. Hu Ng-Vng
4. Thp-Nh S-Qun
Nm k-hi (939) Ng Quyn xng vng, ng C Loa (thuc huyn ng-anh, tnh Phc-yn).
Ng-vng t quan chc, ch triu-nghi, nh phc-sc v chnh n vic chnh-tr trong nc, ch
mun dng nghip lu di, nhng ch lm vua c c 6 nm, n nm Gip Thn (944) th mt, th 47
tui.
Ng-vng trc ly con Dng din Ngh l Dng-th lp lm vng-hu; n lc mt, vng u-
thc con l Ng xng Ngp cho Dng tam Kha l em Dng-hu. Dng tam Kha bn cp ly
quyn ca chu, t xng l Bnh-vng.
Ng xng Ngp thy bin, chy trn sang Nam-sch (thuc Hi- dng) vo n nh Phm Lnh-
cng Tr-hng (huyn Kim-thnh). Tam Kha sai qun i ui bt. Phm Lnh-cng em vo du
trong ni. Dng tam Kha bt em Ng xng Ngp l Ng vng Vn nui lm con nui.
Nm Canh-Tut (905) c dn ti thn Thi-bnh (thuc Sn-ty) lm lon. Dng tam Kha sai Ng
xng Vn cng vi tng l Dng ct Li v cnh Thc em qun i nh. i n T-lim,
Ng xng Vn mu vi hai tng em qun tr v bt Dng tam Kha.
Ng xng Vn ngh tnh cu chu khng n git, ch ging xung lm Trng Dng-cng.
3. HU NG VNG (950-965)
Ng vng Vn b Dng tam Kha i ri, xng l Nam-tn-vng v sai ngi i n lng Tr-
hng rc anh l Ng xng Ngp v cng coi vic nc. Ng xng Ngp v xng l Thin-sch-
vng. C hai anh em lm vua, s gi l Hu Ng-vng.
T khi Dng tam Kha tim-v ri, nhng ngi th-ho cc ni nh bn Trn Lm, Kiu cng Hn
v.v... u xng ln c lp, xng l S-qun. V sau Nam-tn-vng khi phc c nghip c,
nhng m cc s-qun vn khng chu v thn-phc. Bi vy nh vua c phi i nh dp mi, m
khng yn c. n khi Nam-tn-vng b gic bn cht, th con Thin-sch-vng l Ng xng X
ln ni nghip, nhng th nh vua lc y suy-nhc lm, khng ai phc-tng na. Ng xng X v
ng gi t Bnh-kiu. Tng nh Ng l cnh-Thc cng gi mt ch xng l S-qun.
Nhng S-qun y c nh ln nhau, lm cho dn-gian kh-s. Sau nh c ng inh b Lnh Hoa-l
em qun i nh, mi dp xong ci lon s-qun, em giang-sn li lm mt mi,v lp nn c
nghip nh inh vy.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 2
NH INH
(968-980)
1. inh Tin-hong
2. inh Ph-
inh b Lnh25 l ngi Hoa-l ng (huyn Gia-vin, tnh Ninh-bnh), con ng inh cng Tr lm
th-s Hoan-chu v i Dng din Ngh v i Ng-vng Quyn. inh cng Tr mt sm, B
Lnh theo m v qu , thng i chi vi tr chn tru-b, bt chng khoanh tay lm kiu nghi
cho chng rc, v li ly bng lau lm c by trn nh nhau. Tr x y a no cng s, tn ln lm
anh. n lc khn-ln ln, dn lng y theo phc rt nhiu, nhng sau v khng ha vi ch, cho
nn B Lnh cng vi con l Lin sang vi S-qun Trn Minh-cng B-hi khu (Ph Kin-
xng, Thi-bnh).
Trn Minh-cng thy ngi khi-ng c ch-kh, em lng yu mn, cho c gi binh-quyn. n khi
Trn Minh-cng mt, inh b Lnh em qun v gi Hoa-l, chiu m nhng ngi ho-kit, hng c
mt phng. Nm tn-hi (951) i Hu Ng-vng, Nam Tn-vng v Thin-sch- vng em
qun vo nh khng c. n khi nh Ng mt ri, inh b Lnh hng c S-qun Phm Phng-
t, ph c -dng ca cnh Thc. T nh u c y, cho nn chng tn l Vn-thng-
vng. Ch trong mt nm m vng binh c cc S-qun v lp thnh nghip .
Trong khi vua inh Tin-hong dp lon S-qun nc ta, th bn Tu ng Triu khung Dn ni
nghip nh Hu-Chu tc l vua Thi-t nh Tng. n nm canh-ng (970) vua Thi-t nh Tng sai
tng l Phan M sang nh ly Nam-Hn. Vua Tin-hong s qun nh Tng sang nh, bn sai s
sang thng hiu vi Tng-triu.
Vic chnh tr trong nc th lc by gi cn c nhiu ngi quen thi lc lon, khng chu tun theo
lut-l. Tin-hong phi dng oai trng-tr nhng bn gian-c: t vc du trc in, nui h
bo trong vn, ri h lnh rng h ai phm ti th b vc du hay l cho h bo n. Hnh-lut uy-
nghim nh th, th cng qu lm, nhng nh c nhng hnh-lut y th dn trong nc mi dn dn
c yn.
Tin-hong b trng lp , cho a con t l Hng Lang lm Thi-t. Con trng l Nam-vit-
vng Lin theo Tin-hong i trn-mc t tha hn-vi, nay khng c ngi Thi-t, ly s y
lm tc-gin bn khin ngi git Hng Lang i. y l gy nn mi lon trong nh.
Nm k-mo (979) vua Tin-hong v Nam-vit-vng Lin b tn Thch git cht. S chp rng
tn Thch trc lm li, m nm thy sao ri vo mm, tng l triu mnh c lm vua, bn
nh bng lm s th- ot. Mt hm Thch thy Tin-hong say ru nm trong cung, bn ln vo
git Tin-hong i, ri git c Nam-vit-vng Lin.
2. PH (979-980).
Cc quan i-thn by gi l bn inh in, Nguyn Bc thy L Hon nhip chnh lng quyn qu,
mi c binh-m n nh, nhng b L Hon git c.
Lc by gi nh Tng nghe tin Tin-hong mt, t-qun cn di, mun tha th sang ly nc ta,
mi hi i binh gn bin-gii.
Bn ta c tin qun Tu sp sang, L Hon sai Phm c Lng lm i-tng em binh i chng
gi. Trc khi khi hnh, Phm c Lng hp c qun-s li trong in, ri ni rng: "By gi qun
nghch sp vo ci, m vua th cn b, ly ai m thng pht cho chng mnh. Du chng mnh c ht
sc lp c cht cng no, th ri ai bit cho? Chi bng nay ta tn Thp-o tng-qun ln lm vua
ri ra nh th hn"26.
Qun-s nghe ni u h vn-tu. Thi-hu thy qun-s thun c, mi sai ly o long-cn mc vo cho
L Hon.
{25 C sch chp rng inh Tin Hong tn l Hon, ch khng phi l B Lnh. B Lnh l mt tc
quan ca Trn Lm phong cho inh Hon. Nhng xt trong "Khm nh Vit S" v cch sch khc
th thy chp inh B Lnh ch khng thy inh Hon. Vy nay c theo sch Khm nh m chp. }
{26 Xem s Tu, nh Tng ly ngi nh Hu-Chu cng ging nh bn ta nh Tin-L ly ngi nh
inh. Nh lm s c chp ln nhau khng? }
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 3
NH TIN L
(980-1009)
1. L i-Hnh
2. Ph qun nh Tng
3. nh Chim-thnh
5. L Trung-Tng
6. L long nh
1. L i Hnh (980-1005)
L Hon l ngi lng Bo-thi, huyn Thanh-lim, tnh H-nam by gi, lm quan Thp-o tng-
qun nh inh. Nhn khi vua nh inh cn tr tui, v li c qun nh Tng sang xm, qun-s tn L
Hon ln lm vua, tc l i-hnh Hong-, nin-hiu l Thin-phc, Hng-thng (989-993), v
ng-thin (994-1005).
Nh Tng thy vua i-hnh khng chu nghe li, bn sai tng em qun sang nh. Thng 3 nm
tn-t (981) th bn Hu nhn Bo v Tn ton Hng tin qun sang mt Lng-sn, bn Lu-trng em
thy-qun sang mt Bch-ng-giang.
Vua i-hnh em binh-thuyn ra chng-gi Bch-ng. Qun nh Tng tin ln th mnh lm, quan
qun nh khng li phi li. By gi lc- qun ca bn Hu nhn Bo tin sang n Chi-lng (thuc
n-chu, Lng- sn), vua i-hnh sai ngi sang tr hng d Hu nhn Bo n ch him bt
chm i, ri ui nh qun nh Tng chm git c qu na, v bt c hai ngi b-tng.
Qun ta tuy thng trn, nhng vua i-hnh s th-lc khng chng vi Tu c lu, bn sai s em
hai vin tng bt c sang tr nh Tng v xin theo l triu cng. Lc y phi bc nc Tu c
qun Khit-an (Hung-n) ang nh ph, cho nn vua nh Tng cng thun li, thi vic chin-tranh
vi nc ta, v phong cho vua i-hnh lm chc Tit--s.
Nm qu-t (993) nh Tng sch phong cho vua i-hnh lm Giao-ch qun-vng, ri n nm inh-
du (997) li gia phong l Nam-bnh-vng.
By gi s nh Tng thng hay i li, c khi vua i-hnh phng chiu m khng ly, ni di rng i
dnh gic ng nga au chn. Nh Tng bit l ni di, nhng cng lm ng i.
3. nh Chim Thnh.
Vua i-hnh ph c qun nh Tng ri, nh sang nh Chim-thnh, v lc vua i-hnh ln ngi,
c sai s sang Chim-thnh, b vua nc y bt giam s li. n khi vic pha bc yn, vua i-
hnh em binh sang nh bo th. Qun vua i-hnh sang chim gi dc kinh-thnh nc Chim v
bt c ngi, ly c ca rt nhiu. T y nc Chim-thnh phi sang triu-cng nc ta.
By gi thng hay c cc ng Mng v nhng ngi cc chu qun lm phn, vua i-hnh phi
thn chinh i nh-dp, bnh c 49 ng H-man (thuc huyn Thch-thnh, tnh Thanh-ho) v dp
yn nhng ngi phn-nghch cc ni. Bi vy thanh-th vua i-hnh lc by gi rt l lng-ly.
Nm t-t (1005) l nm ng-thin th 12, vua i-hnh mt, th 65 tui, lm vua c 24 nm.
Vua i-hnh nh cho ngi con th ba l Long Vit lm thi-t, nhng n lc vua i-hnh mt,
cc hong-t tranh ngi nh nhau trong by thng. n khi Long Vit va mi ln ngi c ba ngy
th b em l Long nh sai ngi vo cung git i, th 23 tui. S gi l L Trung-tng.
6. L LONG NH (1005-1009).
Long nh l ngi bo-ngc, tnh hay chm git, c bng Kit, Tr ngy xa. Khi git anh ri,
ln lm vua thng c ly s git ngi lm tr chi: c khi nhng t phm phi hnh, th bt ly rm
tm du qun vo ngi ri t sng; c khi bt t tro ln cy ri di sai ngi cht gc cho cy
; c khi b ngi vo st ri em th xung sng. Lm nhng iu c nh th th ly lm thch ch.
Mt hm ly ma ln u nh s m rc v, ri thnh-thong gi tng nh tay b dao vo u s
chy mu ra, trng thy th lm vui ci. Cn khi ra bui chu, c ai tu s iu g th cho nhng
thng h ni khi- hi hay l nhi ting lm tr.
(1010-1225)
I. L THI T
2. Di v Thng-long thnh
3. Ly kinh Tam-tng
4. Vic chnh-tr
2. S nh dp
3. Gic Nng
4. nh Chim-thnh
5. Vic chnh-tr
1. Vic chnh-tr
2. Ly t Chim-thnh
IV. L NHN TNG
1. -lan thi-phi
2. L o Thnh
4. Vic nh nh Tng
5. Nh Tng ly t Qung-nguyn
6. nh Chim-thnh
I. L THI-T (1010-1028)
Nin-hiu : Thun-thin
L cng Un ngi lng C-php, nay thuc v huyn ng-ngn, ph T-sn, tnh Bc-ninh ( lng
nh-bng c lng v n th nh L).
Tc truyn rng Cng Un khng c cha, m l Phm-th i chi cha Tiu-sn (lng Tiu-sn, ph
T-sn), nm mng thy i li vi thn nhn ri v c thai ra a con trai. Ln ba tui em cho
ngi s cha C- php tn l L khnh Vn lm con nui, mi t tn l L cng Un.
Nh L by gi sng o Pht, nh vua trng i nhng ngi i tu, ly tin kho ra lm cha c
chung. Thng 6 nm mu-ng (1018) vua sai quan l Nguyn o Thanh v Phm Hc sang Tu ly
kinh Tam-tng em v vo kho i-hng.
Nin hiu :
Thng-thy (1034-1038)
Cn-ph-hu-o (1039-1041)
Minh-o (1042-1043)
Thin-cm-thnh-v (1044-1048)
Sng-hng-i-bo (1049-1054).
By gi cc quan l bn L nhn Ngha xin Thi-t cho em qun ra thnh quyt c thua mt trn.
Khi qun ca Thi-t v qun cc vng i trn, th quan V-v tng-qun l L phng Hiu rt
gm ra ch vo V-c-vng m bo rng : "Cc ngi dm-ng ngi cao, khinh-d t- qun, trn
qun n Tin-, di tri ngha ti con, vy Phng Hiu xin dng nht gm ny !" Ni xong chy
xng vo chm V-c-vng trn tin. Qun cc vng trng thy s-hi b chy c. Dc-thnh-
vng v ng- chinh-vng cng phi chy trn.
Thi-t Pht M ln ngi, tc l vua Thi-tng.
Dc-thnh-vng v ng-chinh-vng xin v chu ti. Thi-tng ngh tnh ct-nhc bn tha ti cho,
v li phc chc c cho c hai ngi.
2. S nh Dp.
Thi-tng l ngi c thin-t nh-ng, thng lc- ngh, tinh thao-lc, gp lc trong nc c nhiu
gic-gi, nhng ngi quen vic dng binh, cho nn ngi thng thn chinh i nh ng dp bc.
Thi by gi nh vua khng t quan tit trn; phm vic binh vic dn cc chu, l u giao c cho
ngi chu-mc. Cn mn thng-du th c ngi t-trng qun lnh. Cng v quyn nhng ngi
y to qu, cho nn thng hay c s phn-nghch. Li c nhng nc ln bang nh Chim- thnh v
Ai-lao thng hay sang quy nhiu, bi vy cho nn s nh-dp v i vua Thi-tng rt nhiu.
3. Gic Nng.
Lc y chu Qung-nguyn (Lng-sn) c nhng ngi Nng c hay lm lon. Nm mu-n (1038)
c Nng tn Phc lm phn, t xng l Chiu-thnh Hong-, lp A-nng lm Ninh-c Hong-hu,
t quc-hiu l Trng-sinh-quc ri em qun i nh-ph cc ni.
Nm k-mo (1039) Thi-tng thn chinh i nh, bt c Nng tn Phc v con l Nng tri Thng
em v kinh lm ti. Cn A-nng v con l Nng tr Cao chy thot c.
Nm tn-t (1041) Nng tr Cao cng vi m l A-nng v ly chu ng-o (gn chu Qung-
nguyn) lp ra mt nc gi l i-lch-quc. Thi-tng sai tng ln nh bt c em v Thng-
long. Nhng vua ngh trc git cha v anh, nay thng tnh khng git, tha cho v v li phong cho
lm Qung-nguyn mc. Sau li gia phong cho tc Thi-bo.
Nm mu-t (1048) Nng tr Cao li phn, xng l Nhn-hu Hong- quc-hiu l i-nam. Thi-
tng sai quan thi-u Quch thnh Dt ln nh khng c. By gi Tr Cao xin ph-thuc vo nc
Tu, vua nh Tng khng cho. Tr Cao bn em qun sang nh ly Ung-chu, ri chim c thy c
8 chu t Qung-ng v Qung-ty. Nhng chu y l chu Honh chu Qu, chu Cung, chu
Tm, chu ng, chu Ng, chu Khang, chu oan.
Vua nh Tng toan nh qun nh L sang nh gip nhng tng nh Tng l ch Thanh can rng :
C mt Nng tr Cao m t Lng Qung khng ch c, li phi nh qun ngoi-quc vo nh
gip. Nu c ai nhn m ni lon, th lm th no? Vua nh Tng nghe li y bn sai bn D Tnh
v Tn Min i nh-dp gic Tr Cao. Bn D Tnh nh mi khng c, nh Tng ly lm lo, nhn
khi Tr Cao dng biu xin lnh chc Tit--s chu Ung v chu Qu, vua nh Tng toan thun
cho, ch Thanh can i, v xin em qun i nh.
Tr Cao chy thot trn sang nc i-l. Sau ngi i-l bt Nng tr Cao chm ly u em np
nh Tng. Gic Nng t mi yn.
4. nh Chim Thnh.
By gi quan qun chm git ngi bn x rt nhiu, mu chy thnh sui. Thi-tng trng thy ng
lng thng, xung lnh cm khng c git ngi Chim-thnh, h ai tri lnh th theo php qun m
tr ti.
Thi-tng tin binh n quc l Pht-th (nay lng Nguyt-hu, huyn Hng-thy, tnh Tha-
thin), vo thnh bt c Vng-phi l M v cc cung n em v. Khi xa-gi v n sng L-
nhn, Thi-tng cho i M sang chu bn thuyn ng . M gi tit khng chu, qun chin ln
xung sng m t-t. Nay ph L-nhn cn c n th.
Thi-tng tuy phi nh dp lun, nhng cng khng b vic chnh-tr trong nc, bao gi cng
lng thng dn. H nm no i km hay l i nh gic v, th li gim thu cho hng hai ba nm.
Ngi sa li lut-php, nh cc bc hnh-pht, cc cch tra-hi, v t l cho nhng ngi gi ngi
tr, tr khi phm ti thp c, th c ly tin m chuc ti. Nhn khi i lut mi, nh vua i nin-
hiu l Minh-o (1042).
Nin-hiu :
Thn-v (1069-1072).
Vua Thnh-tng c nhn nh th, cho nn trm h mn-phc, trong i Ngi lm vua t c gic-gi.
Ngi li c mun khai-ha s vn-hc, lp vn-miu, lm tng Chu-cng Khng-t v 72 tin-hin
th. Nc ta c vn-miu th Khng-t v ch hin khi u t y.
2. Ly t Chim Thnh.
Vua Thnh-tng nhn m li dng: nc Chim-thnh hay sang quy nhiu, ngi thn chinh i nh.
nh ln u khng thnh cng, em qun tr v. i n chu C-lin (?) nghe thy ngi khen b
Nguyn phi nh gim quc, trong nc c yn-tr, Thnh-tng ngh bng rng: "Ngi n b tr
nc cn c nh th, m mnh i nh Chim-thnh khng thnh cng, th ra n-ng hn lm !"
Li em qun tr li nh bt c vua Chim-thnh l Ch C. Nm y l nm k-du (1069).
Thnh-tng v triu, i nin-hiu l Thn-v.
Ch C xin dng t ba chu chuc ti, l chu a-l, chu Ma-linh v chu B-chnh. Thnh-tng
ly 3 chu y v cho Ch C v nc.
Nin-hiu :
Thi-ninh (1072-1075)
Qung-hu (1085-1091)
Hi-phong (1092-1100)
Long-ph (1101-1109)
Hi-tng i-khnh (1110-1119)
1. Lan Thi-Phi.
Vua Nhn-tng l con b -lan Thi-phi, ngi Siu-loi (Bc-ninh). Khi trc vua Thnh-tng
40 tui m khng c con, i cu t qua lng Th-li (sau i l Siu-loi ri li i l Thun- quang),
ngi i xem ng y ng, c mt ngi con gi i hi du, thy xe nh vua i c ng ta vo
cy lan ch khng ra xem. Vua thy th ly lm l, truyn gi em vo cung, phong l -lan phu-nhn.
c t lu c thai ra hong-t l Cn c, c phong l Nguyn-phi.
Thi-phi tnh hay ghen-ght, thy b Dng-thi-hu gi quyn, trong bng khng yn, bn xui vua bt
Thi-hu v 72 ngi th-n b ngc ti, ri em git c.
2. L o Thnh.
ng L o Thnh l ngi h nh vua, tnh rt oan-chnh, ht lng lo vic nc. Thng nhng lc
s tu c hay ni n vic li hi ca dn. Nhng quan-thuc th chn ly ngi hin-lng m ct
nhc ln lm mi vic. Bi vy thi by gi trong th sa-sang c vic chnh-tr, ngoi th nh
nh Tng, ph qun Chim. y cng nh c ti hin tng gii cho nn mi thnh c cng-nghip
nh v
Vic nh-dp v i vua Nhn-tng th nhiu, song nhng cng-vic trong nc cng khng b tr.
i by gi mi khi u p ci C X gi t kinh-thnh cho khi lt ngp. Vic p khi
u t .
4. Vic nh Nh Tng.
Vic Ti Chnh :
1. Php thanh miu: l khi la cn xanh th nh nc cho dn vay tin, n khi la chn th dn li
phi tr tin li, tnh theo l nh nc nh m tr tin li.
2. Php min dch: l cho nhng ngi dn inh m ai phi su-dch th c np tin, nh nc
ly tin y thu ngi lm.
2. Php bo m: l nh nc giao nga cho cc bo phi nui, c con no cht th dn phi theo gi
nh m thng li.
Vng an Thch li c mun lp cng ngoi bin, t ci cng-hiu vic. ci-t ca mnh. By
gi Ung-chu c quan tri-chu l Tiu Ch bit Vng an Thch, mi lm s tu v rng: nu
khng nh ly t Giao- chu th v sau thnh mt iu lo cho nc Tu.
Vua nh Tng nghe li tu y, sai Tiu Ch kinh-l vic nh Giao-chu. Nhng Tiu Ch t chi, ly
vic y lm kh, ang khng ni. Nhn lc y li c Thm Khi tu by mi l nn nh Giao-chu.
Vua nh Tng bn sai Thm Khi lm Tri-chu chu Qu. Thm Khi ra thu-xp mi vic theo
Vng an Thch, nhng sau khng bit ti l g phi bi v. Tng-triu cho Lu Gi ra thay.
Lu Gi sai ngi i bin cc khe ngi, cc n-ly, sa binh-kh, lm thuyn-b v li cm khng cho
ngi chu huyn gn y i li bun-bn vi ngi Giao-chu.
Bn L-triu ta thy s tnh nh th mi vit th sang hi Tng-triu, th Lu Gi li gi li khng
v kinh. L-triu tc gin, bn sai L thng Kit v Tn n em 10 vn binh chia ra lm 2 o,
thy b cng tin sang nh nh Tng, ly c rng nh Tng t ra php mi lm kh trm h. Vy
qun i-Vit sang nh c-vt nhn-dn, v.v.....
Nm t-mo (1075) L thng Kit em qun sang vy nh Khm- chu v Lim-chu (thuc tnh
Qung-ng) git hi hn 8.000 ngi. o qun ca Tn n sang nh Ung-chu (tc l thnh Nam-
ninh thuc tnh Qung-ty), quan -gim Qung-ty l Trng th Tit em binh li c Ung-chu, b
L thng Kit n nh Cn-ln quan (gn Nam-ninh) chm Trng th Tit trn tin.
Tn n vy thnh Ung-chu hn 40 ngy, quan tri-chu l T Dam kin c gi mi. n khi qun nh
L h c thnh, th T Dam bt ngi nh tt c l 36 ngi cht trc, ri t t m cht. Ngi
trong thnh cng bt-chc quan tri-chu, khng ai chu hng c. Qun nh L vo thnh git hi gn
n 58.000 (?) ngi.
Tng-triu c. tin qun nh L sang nh-ph chu Khm, chu Lim v chu Ung, ly lm tc-
gin lm, bn sai Quch Qu lm Chiu-tho-s, Triu Tit lm ph, em 9 tng qun cng hi vi
nc Chim-thnh v Chn-lp chia ng sang nh nc Nam ta.
Thng chp nm bnh-thn (1076) qun nh Tng vo a-ht nc ta. L-triu sai L thng Kit em
binh i c ch. Thng Kit nh chn qun nh Tng sng Nh-nguyt (lng Nh-nguyt Bc-
ninh, tc l sng Cu by gi). Qun nh Tng nh trn y cht hn 1.000 ngi, Quch Qu tin
qun v pha ty, n ng b sng Ph-lng30.
L thng Kit em binh-thuyn ln n nh khng cho qun nh Tng sang sng. Qun Tng mi
cht g lm my bn sang nh ma, thuyn ca ta thng nt mt nhiu, qun-s cht hng my nghn
ngi. Lc by gi qun nh Tng nh hng lm, L thng Kit ht sc chng gi, nhng s qun
mnh c ng lng chng, bn t ra mt chuyn ni rng c thn cho bn cu th :
Nam-quc sn-h Nam c
Nh ng hnh khan th bi h
Vua Tng thy qun mnh khng tin ln c, m li ng ch chng a, qun-s trc sang hn
8 vn, sau cht n qu na, cho nn cng thun hon-binh lui v, chim-gi chu Qung-nguyn (by
gi l chu Qung-uyn, tnh Cao-bng), chu T-lang (by gi l chu Thng-lang v H-lang, tnh
Cao-bng), chu T, chu Mu ( gip-gii tnh Cao-bng v tnh Lng-sn) v huyn Qung-lang
(n-chu, tnh Lng-sn).
n nm mu-ng (1078) L nhn Tng sai o tn Nguyn a voi sang cng nh Tng v i li
nhng chu huyn mn Qung-nguyn. Vua Tng bt phi tr nhng ngi chu Khm, chu Lim v
chu Ung m qun nh L bt v ngy trc, ri mi tr chu huyn cho nh L. Sang nm k-mi
(1079) Nhn-tng cho nhng ngi Tu v nc , tt c ch c 221 ngi. Con trai th thch ba ch
vo trn, t 15 tui tr ln th thch: Thin-t binh; 20 tui tr ln th thch: u Nam-triu; cn con
gi th thch vo tay tri hai ch : Quan-khch.
n khi nh L cho nhng ngi chu Khm, chu Lim v chu Ung v Tu, vua nh Tng tr li
chu Qung-nguyn. Nhng v c ngi ni rng chu y c nhiu vng, ngi Tng tic ca, lm hai
cu th rng :
Nhn tham Giao-ch tng.
n ma h nm gip-t (1084) Nhn-tng sai quan binh-b Th-lang l L vn Thnh sang nh Tng
bn vic chia a-gii. L vn Thnh phn-gii mi l, nh Tng tr nt c my huyn m trc cn
gi li. T nc ta v nc Tu li thng s nh c.
6. NH CHIM-THNH.
Nm qu-mi (1103) Din-chu (thuc Ngh-an) c L Gic lm phn. L thng Kit vo nh, L
Gic thua chy sang Chim-thnh em quc- vng l Ch ma Na sang nh ly li ba chu Ma-linh,
B-chnh, v.v... Sang nm sau l nm gip-thn (1104) vua Nhn-tng sai L thng Kit vo nh
Chim-thnh. Ch ma Na thua chy xin tr li ba chu nh c.
{29 Xin xem "Vng An Thch" ca o Trinh Nht - Tn Vit xut bn. }
{30 Sch "Khm-nh Vit-s" c chp rng sng Ph-lng l con sng i t Bch-hc qua Nam-
nh ri chy ra b, tc l sng Hng-h. Nhng xem trn th by gi v xt trong a-l th sng
Ph-lng chp y chnh l sng Cu, ch khng phi sng Hng-h. Nu lc by gi L thng
Kit ph qun nh Tng sng Nh-nguyt tc l khc di sng Cu, th tt nh L cn ng
mn sng Cu. Qun Quch Qu lm th no m tin n sng Hng-h c ? V li Thi-nguyn
hin by gi c huyn Ph-lng, huyn y v i nh L, nh Trn l Ph-lng ph, m chnh con
sng Cu chy qua a-ht y. C l l nhng nh chp s i trc thng khng thuc a-l cho
nn chp lm sng Ph-lng l sng Nh-h, vy ta nn ci li. }
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 5
NH L
(Tip theo)
V. L Thn Tng
1. Anh V
2. T Hin Thnh
3. Gic Thn Li
4. Vic chnh tr
2. S ni lon
VIII. L Hu Tng
1. Trn th
2. Quyn v h Trn
Nin-hiu:
Gic-gi thi by gi cng t. Mt hai khi c ngi Chn-lp v ngi Chim-thnh sang quy nhiu
mn Ngh-An, nhng l nhng m cp-ph vt vnh khng my ni m quan qun nh ui i
c.
Nin-hiu:
i-nh (1140-1162)
Thin-cm ch bo (1174-1175)
1. Anh V.
May nh thi by gi c nhiu ti gii nh T hin Thnh, Hong ngha Hin, L cng Tn lm quan
i triu cho nn anh V khng dm c khc.
2. T Hin Thnh
ng T hin Thnh gip vua Anh-tng i nh dp, lp c nhiu cng to, nh l bt c gic Thn
Li, ph c gic Ngu Hng v dp yn gic Lo, c phong lm chc Thi-y coi gi vic binh.
ng luyn tp qun-lnh, kn-chn nhng ngi ti gii lm tng hiu. Bi vy binh-th nh L
lc by gi li phn-chn ln. ng gii vic v v chm vic vn. ng xin vua khai-ha vic hc-
hnh, v lm n th c Khng-T ca nam thnh Thng-Long, t lng m nho hc.
Thn Li xng l con ring vua Nhn-tng, trc xut gia i tu, ri chiu tp nhng vong mng
hn 1,000 ngi, chim gi mn Thi-nguyn, xng vng phong tc, em qun i nh ph khp
ni. Quan qun nh mi khng c.
Nm gip-thn (1164) vua nh Tng i Giao-ch qun lm An-nam quc, v phong cho Anh-tng lm
An-nam quc-vng.
Nguyn khi trc Tu gi ta l Giao-ch qun, ri sau i l Giao- chu, n thi nh ng t An-
nam -h-ph. Nh inh ln t i-C-Vit, vua L Thnh-tng i l i-Vit. nhng Tu vn
phong cho vua ta l Giao-ch qun-vng, n by gi mi i l An-nam quc-vng. Nc ta thnh
tn l nc An-nam khi u t y.
Nm t-mi (1175), Anh-tng phong cho T hin Thnh lm Thi- ph Bnh-chng-qun-quc trng-
s v phong vng tc. Anh-tng au, u thc Thi-t l Long Cn cho T hin Thnh. Anh-tng
mt, tr v c 37 nm, th 40 tui.
Nin-hiu:
Trinh-ph (1176-1185)
Tr-bnh-long-ng (1205-1210).
Khi vua Anh-tng mt, Thi-t Long Cn cha y 3 tui, b Chiu-linh Thi-hu mun lp ngi con
trng l con mnh tn l Long Xng33 ln lm vua, em vng bc t lt cho v T hin Thnh,
nhng ng nht thit khng chu, bn c theo di-chiu m lp Long Cn, tc l vua Cao-tng.
T hin Thnh gip vua Cao-tng tr nc, n nm k hi(1179) th mt. S chp rng khi ng au c
quan Tham-tri chnh s l V tn ng, ngy m hu h. n khi b Thi-Hu34 ra thm hi
ngy sau ai thay c ng, ng tu rng: c quan Gin-ngh i-phu Trn trung T. Thi-hu ngc
nhin ni rng ti sao khng c V tn ng? ng p: "Nu b-h hi ngi hu-h, th xin c
ngi Tn ng, hi ngi gip nc th ti xin c ngi Trung-T".
T hin Thnh khng nhng l mt ngi c ti thao-lc, dp gic yn dn m thi, cch th vua tht
l trung-thnh cho nn ngi i sau thng v ng vi Gia ct Lng i Tam-quc bn Tu.
2. S ni lon.
Nm bnh-thn (1208) Ngh-an c Phm Du, chiu np nhng vong mnh, cho i cp cc thn
dn, c bng lm phn. Cao-tng sai quan Phng-ng l Phm bnh Di i nh Phm Du. Bnh Di em
qun vo n ni nh ui Phm Du i v tch-bin c ca-ci, t ph c nh ca.
Phm Du cho ngi v kinh, ly vng bc t lt vi cc quan trong triu, vu cho Bnh Di lm vic
hung bo, git hi nhng k khng c ti, v Phm Du li xin v triu ku oan.
Khi Thi-t Sam chy v Hi-p vo nh Trn L. Nguyn Trn L l ngi lng Tc-mc (huyn
M-lc, ph Xun-trng, tnh Nam-nh) lm ngh nh c, nh giu, c nhiu ngi theo phc, sau
nhn bui lon cng em chng i cp ph. n khi Thi-t Sam chy v y, thy con gi Trn L
c nhan sc, ly lm v, ri phong cho Trn L tc Minh-t v phong cho ngi cu Trn-th l T
trung T, ngi lng Lu-gia lm in-tin Ch-huy-s.
Anh em h Trn m qun v kinh dp lon, ri ln Qui-ha rc Cao-tng cho qun v lng Lu-gia
n Thi-t, cn Trn-th th v nh Trn L.
Nin-hiu:
Kin-gia (1211-1224)
1. Trn Th.
Thi-t Sam ln ngi, tc l vua Hu-tng, ri sai quan i rc Trn-th v phong lm Nguyn-phi.
By gi Trn L b qun cp git, chng theo v ngi con th l Trn t Khnh. Hu-tng bn
phong cho t Khnh lm Chng-tn-hu v cho ngi cu Trn-th lm Thi-y Thun-lu-b.
Nm qu-du (1213) Thi-hu lm kh Trn-th trong cung, anh Trn-th l T Khnh em qun n
chn kinh s, ni rng xin rc vua i. Hu-tng khng bit tnh- g, nghi T Khnh c phn-nghch
bn ging Trn-th xung lm Ng-n. T Khnh nghe tin y, thn n qun mn xin li v rc vua
i. Hu-tng cng nghi lm, bn cng vi Thi-hu i ln Lng-chu (Lng-sn).
T Khnh li pht binh xin rc vua nh trc, Hu-tng s li rc Thi-hu v huyn Bnh-hp
(?).
Khi by gi b Thi-hu cho T Khnh l phn-trc, thng ch mt Trn-th m x mng v xui Hu-
tng b i. Hu-tng khng nghe. Thi- hu nh b thuc c cho Trn-th, nhng Hu-tng bit ,
n ba n th n mt na, cn mt na cho Trn-th n v ngy m khng cho i u. Sau v Thi-
hu lm ngt qu, Hu-tng v Trn-th m bn ln ra i n nh tng-qun L Mch huyn Yn-
duyn ri li n Cu-lin (?), cho i T Khnh n chu.
2. QUYN V H TRN.
Trn t Khnh em qun n h gi. Hu-tng phong Trn-th lm Hong-hu, T Khnh lm Ph-
chnh v ngi anh T Khnh l Trn Tha lm Ni-th Phn-th. Trn t Khnh cng vi Thng-
tng-qun l Phn Ln sa-sang qun ng, lm chin-kh, luyn-tp vic v. T y qun-th li
ni dn dn ln.
Hu-tng phi bnh, thnh-thoang c cn in, ri c ung ru say c ngy, c vic chnh-tr u
tay T Khnh quyt on c.
n thng chp nm qu-mi (1228) T Khnh mt, Hu-tng cho Trn Tha lm Ph-quc Thi-y,
sang nm sau li cho ngi em h Hong-hu l Trn th lm in-tin ch-huy-s. T vic g
trong triu cng quyn Th c.
Hu-tng c bnh mi khng khi, m Thi-t th cha c, Trn-th th ch sinh c hai ngi con
gi, ngi ch l Thun-thin cng-cha th g cho Trn Liu l con trng ca Trn Tha; con
ngi em l Chiu- thnh cng cha tn l Pht-kim th mi ln 7 tui, Hu-tng yu mn lm, cho nn
mi lp lm Thi-t. Thng 10 nm gip-thn (1224) Hu-tng truyn ngi cho Chiu-thnh cng-
cha, ri vo cha Chn-gio.
Hu-tng tr v c 14 nm.
Nin-hiu:
Thin-chng-hu-o (1224-1225)
-------------------------------
{31 Tc truyn rng Thn Tng l con cu t c, m Ngi chnh l ng T o Hnh ha xc sinh
ra. Bc Vit ai i n cha Thy (thuc Sn Ty) cng nghe ni s tch ng T o Hnh v ng
Nguyn Minh Khng. Chuyn hoang ng, khng th tin l s tht c. }
{33 Long Xng trc lp lm Thi T, sau v c ti phi ging xung lm th dn. }
{34 Thi Hu l m ra Cao Tng. }
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 6
NH TRN
(1225-1400)
1. Trn th
3. Vic cai-tr
4. Vic thu-m
5. Vic p-
6. Vic hc-hnh
7. Php-lut
8. Quan-ch
9. Binh-ch
2. S giao-thip vi Mng-c
1. Vic chin-tranh
2. Vic vn-hc
Nin-hiu:
Kin-trung (1225-1237)
Nguyn-phong (1251-1258)
I. Trn Th .
Thng chp nm t-du (1225) Trn Cnh ln lm vua, tc l Trn Thi-Tng phong cho Trn th
lm Thi-s Thng-quc hnh-qun chinh-tho-s. By gi vua Thi-tng mi c 8 tui, vic g cng
do Trn th c. Th tuy l mt ngi khng c hc-vn nhng l mt tay gian-hng, ch ct
gy dng c-nghip nh Trn cho bn-cht, cho nn du vic tn-bo n u, cng lm cho c. L
Hu-tng tuy xut gia ia cha ri nhng Th vn nh bng git i, cho khi s lo v sau.
Mt hm Hu-tng ngi nh c sn cha Chn-gio, Th- i qua trng thy, mi ni rng: "Nh
c th phi nh c r ci n i! " Hu- tng nghe th, phi tay ng dy ni rng: "Nh ngi ni ta
hiu ri ". c my hm, Th cho ngi n mi Hu-tng, Hu-tng bit , vo nh sau tht c
t-tn. Th a bch quan n t khc xong ri ha tng, chn thp Bo-quang.
Lm lon nhn-lun nh th, th t thng-c mi c l mt. Trn Liu tc gin, em qun lm lon.
Vua Thi-tng b Th hip ch nh th, trong bng cng khng yn, n hm trn ra, ln cha Ph-
vn, trn ni Yn-t (huyn Yn-hng, tnh Qung-yn). Trn th bit tin y, em qun thn i n
Thi-tng v. Thi-tng khng chu v, ni rng: "Trm cn nh-di, khng kham ni vic to ln, cc
quan nn chn ngi khc cho khi nhc x-tc". Th ni mi khng nghe, ngnh li bo bc
quan rng: "Hong-thng u l Triu-nh y!" Ni on, truyn sp sa xy cung in cha
Ph-vn. Quc-s cha y thy th, vo van ly Thi-tng v Triu, Thi-tng bt-c-d truyn xa-
gi v Kinh. c t lu
C theo php nh L th lng no c bao nhiu ngi i lm quan vn, quan v, th-li, qun lnh,
hong-nam, lung-lo, tn-tt, v nhng ngi n ng c, hay l nhng ngi xiu-lc n trong
lng, th x-quan phi khai vo c quyn s gi l trng-tch. Ai c quan-tc m c con c tha
m th con li c vo lm quan, cn nhng ngi giu-c, m khng c quan-tc th i i c
phi i lnh. Thi-tng ln lm vua phi theo php y, cho nn n nm mu-t (1228) li sai quan vo
Thanh-ha lm li trng-tch theo nh l ngy trc.
4. Vic Thu M.
Ngi trong nc phn ra tng hng: con trai t 18 tui th vo hng tiu-hong-nam, t 20 tui vo
hng i-hong-nam. Cn t 60 tui tr ln th vo lo hng.
Thu thn: Thu thn thi by gi ty theo s rung m nh, ai c mt hai mu rung th phi ng
mt nm mt quan tin thu thn; ai co ba bn mu, th phi ng hai quan; ai co nm mu tr ln, th
ng ba quan. Ai khng c mu no, th khng phi ng thu.
Thu rung: Thu rung th ng bng thc: c mi mt mu th ch in phi ng 100 thng thc.
Cn nh rung cng, th c sch chp rng i nh Trn c hai th rung cng, mi th phn ra lm ba
hng.
Cn rung ao ca cng-dn th mi mu ly ba thng thc thu. Rung mui phi ng bng tin.
Cc th thu: C sch chp rng nh Trn nh c thu tru cau, thu hng yn-tc, v tm, c, rau,
qu, g cng nh thu c.
5. Vic p .
6. Vic Hc Hnh.
Nm nhm-thn (1232) m khoa thi Thi-hc-sinh (thi Tin-s). T i nh L cng c thi nho-s,
nhng ch thi Tam-trng m thi, n by gi mi c khoa thi Thi-hc-sinh, chia ra th bc, lm ba
gip nh cao thp. n khoa thi nm inh-v (1247) li t ra tam-khi: trng nguyn, bng-nhn,
thm-hoa. Khoa thi nm inh-v ny c L vn Hu, l ngi lm s nc Nam trc ht c, bng-
nhn. Nm y li c m khoa thi Tam-gio: Nho, Thch, Lo, ai hn th khoa gip, ai km th
khoa t.
Xem nh th th s hc-vn i nh Trn cng rng: Nho, Thch, Lo cng trng c. Nhng khng r
cch hc-hnh v php thi-c by gi ra th no, bi v ch ny s ch ni lc qua m thi.
7. Php Lut .
8. Quan Ch .
i nh Trn tuy quan-li th nhiu, nhng vua quan c thn-cn vi nhau lm. H khi no vua i
yn, cc quan ung ru xong ri, th ra dt tay nhau m ma ht, khng c gi l-php nghim-khc
nh nhng i sau.
9. Binh Ch.
T khi Thi-tng ln ngi lm vua th vic binh-lnh mt ngy mt chnh-n thm. Bao nhiu nhng
ngi dn-trng trong nc u phi i lnh c. Cc qun-vng ai cng c quyn m tp qun-
lnh. V c y cho nn n sau ngi Mng-c sang nh, nc Nam ta c hn 20 vn qun chng
vi qun nghch. Tr nhng gic-gi nh-mn trong nc khng k chi, nc Nam ta by gi pha
nam c Chim-thnh, pha bc c qun Mng-c sang quy-nhiu cho nn phi nh -dp lun.
10. Vic nh Chim Thnh.
Mng-kha sai hai em l Ht-l (Houlagen) sang kinh-l vic nc Ba- t, v Ht-tt-lit (Koubilai)
sang nh nh Tng bn Tu. Trong khi qun Mng-c sang nh nh Tng, th Mng-kha mt, Ht-tt-
lit phi rt binh v ln ngi vua, tc l Nguyn Th-t. Ht-tt-lit ln lm vua ri i quc hiu l
Nguyn.
Thi-tng khng nhng l khng chu, li bt giam s Mng-c, ri sai Trn quc Tun em binh ln
gi pha Bc. By gi l nm inh-t (1257).
Trn quc Tun t qun nh khng ni, li v ng Sn-ty. Qun Mng-c ko trn xung n sng
Thao. Thi-tng phi ng-gi thn chinh, nhng nh khng c, chy v ng sng Hng-h 37 .
Qun Mng-c tin ln nh ui qun nh Trn n ng-b-u (pha ng sng Nh-h ht huyn
Thng-phc). Thi-tng phI b kinh-, chy v ng sng Thin-mc (v ht huyn ng-an,
tnh Hng-yn).
Qun Mng-c vo thnh Thng-long, thy ba ngi x Mng-c cn phi tri, giam trong ngc, n
khi ci tri ra th mt ngi cht. Ngt-lng-hp-thai thy th tc gin qu, cho qun ra git ph c
nam ph lo u trong thnh.
By gi th nguy, Thi-tng ng thuyn n hi Thi-y l Trn nht Hiu. Nht Hiu khng ni g c,
cm so vit xung nc hai ch "Nhp Tng". Thi-tng li n hi Thi-s Trn th . Th
ni rng: " u ti cha ri xung t, th xin B-h ng lo! ". Thi-tng nghe thy Th ni cng-
ci nh th, trong bng mi yn.
c t lu qun Mng-c nc Nam khng quen thy-th xem ra b mi-mt. Thi-tng mi tin
binh ln nh ng-b-u. Qun Mng- c thua chy v n tri Qui-ha, li bi ch tri y chiu-
tp th dn ra n nh. Qun Mng-c thua to, rt v Vn-nam, i ng mi-mt, n u cng
khng cp-ph g c, cho nn ngi ta gi l gic Pht.
Qun Mng-c tuy thua phi rt v, nhng chng bao lu vua Mng- c dt c nh Tng, ly c
nc Tu, ri c mun bt vua nc Nam ta sang chu Bc-kinh, bi vy li sai s sang i l
cng. Vua Thi-tng sai L ph Trn sang s xin c ba nm sang cng mt ln.
Ma xun nm mu-ng (1258), Thi-tng nhng ngi cho Thi-t l Trn Hong, dy-bo mi
vic v cch tr nc, v phng ngy sau anh em khng tranh nhau. Triu-nh tn Thi-tng ln
lm Thi-thng- hong cng coi vic nc. Thi-tng tr-v c 33 nm, lm Thi- thng-
hong c 19 nm th mt, th 60 tui.
Thnh-tng l ng vua nhn-t trung-hu vi anh em h hng rt l t-t. Thng hay ni rng: "
Thin-h l ca ng cha li, nn cho anh em cng hng ph-qu chung ". Ri cho cc hong-
thn vo ni in, cng n mt mm, nm mt ging, tht l thn-i, ch c lc no ra vic cng,
hoc bui chu, th mi phn th-t theo l-php m thi.
Cn vic nc th tht ngi c lng lo gi cho dn c yn tr. Trong 21 nm, ngi lm vua khng c
gic-gi g c. Vic hc-hnh cng m mang thm: cho Hong- Trn ch Tc l mt ngi hay ch
trong nc lc y, m hc-ng nhng ngi vn-s hc-tp. Danh nho Mc nh Chi cng hc
trng y ra.
Thnh-tng li bt cc vng-hu, ph-m phi chiu-tp nhng ngi ngho-i lu-lc khai-
khn hoang in lm trang h. Trang-in c t y.
2. S giao-thip vi Mng-C.
Mng-c mun bit nhn-vt ti-sn nc Nam ta c nhng g, v hc-vn xo-k ra sao, liu
ng m nh ly cho tin. V tuy rng quyn chnh-tr vn cho vua nc Nam, nhng t quan
gim-tr dn dn lp thnh Bo-h.
Thnh-tng b ngoi tuy vn chu thn-phc, nhng trong bng cng bit rng Mng-c c nh ly
nc mnh, cho nn c tu binh dng v phng c ngy tranh chin. Vy tuyn inh-trng cc l lm
lnh, phn qun-ng ra lm qun v : mi qun c 30 , mi c 80 ngi, bt phi luyn tp
lun.
Nm bnh-dn (1266) nhn s Mng-c sang, Thnh-tng sai quan sang Tu p l v xin ng bt
nho-s, thy bi, v cc th-thuyn sang cng. Vua Mng-c ng cho, nhng bt chu 6 iu khc:
3. Bin s dn sang np
5. Phi np thu-m
Vua An-nam c ln-la khng chu. n nm tn-mi (1271) vua Mng-c l Ht-tt-lit ci quc-
hiu l i-nguyn, ri cho s sang d Thnh-tng sang chu nhng Thnh-tng co bnh khng i.
Nm sau Nguyn-ch cho s sang tm ct ng-tr ca M Vin trng ngy trc, nhng Thnh-tng
sai quan sang ni rng: ct y lu ngy mt i ri, khng bit u m tm na. Vic y cng thi.
n nm t-hi (1275) Thnh-tng sai s sang Tu ni rng: nc Nam khng phi l nc Mng-
mn m t quan gim-tr, xin i quan i-l-hoa-xch lm quan Dn-tin-s. Vua nh Nguyn khng
cho, li bt theo 6 iu nh trc. Thnh-tng cng khng chu. T y vua nh Nguyn thy dng-
mu khng c, quyt c binh sang nh nc Nam, sai quan bin-gii do thm a-th nc ta.
Bn An-nam cng t quan phng-b.
2. Vic Vn Hc .
i vua Nhn-tng c nhiu gic-gi, tuy vy vic vn-hc cng hng-thnh lm. Xem bi hch ca
Hng-o-vng, th ca ng Trn quan Khi v ca ng Phm ng Lo th bit l vn-chng i
by gi c kh-lc mnh-m lm. Li c quan Hnh-b Thng-th l ng Nguyn Thuyn khi u
dng ch Nm m lm th-ph. ng Nguyn Thuyn l ngi Thanh-lm 38 , tnh Hi-dng, c ting
ti lm vn nh ng Hn D bn Tu ngy xa, bi vy vua cho i h l Hn. V sau ngi mnh
theo li y m lm th, gi l Hn-lut.
Nm qu-t (1293) Nhn-tng truyn ngi cho Thi-t tn l Thuyn, ri v Thin-trng lm Thi-
thng-hong. Nhn-tng tr-v c 14 nm, nhng ngi c 13 nm, th 51 tui.
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35. Chiu Thnh Hong Hu by gi mi c 19 tui. Trn Liu bit sc mnh khng lm g ni, bn
nhn lc Thi-tng ng thuyn i chi, gi lm ngi nh c ln xung thuyn ng, xin hng. Hai anh
em m nhau m khc. Th nghe tin, n rt gm toan git Trn Liu, Thi-tng can mi mi thi.
Sau Thi-tng ly t Yn-ph, Yn- ng, Yn-sinh v Yn-bang ( huyn ng-triu v ph Kinh-
mn, Hi- dng) cho Trn Liu lm thi-p v phong cho lm An-sinh-vng. Th hi ht c
dng di h L, li mun cho h L khng cn ai nh n h L na, mi nhn v t nh Trn tn l
L, bt trong nc ai l h L u phi ci l h Nguyn.
36.S chp rng ng L Phng Hiu i vua L Thi Tng i nh gic lp c nhiu cng. Sau vua
nh phong tc cho ng, ng t chi, xin ln ni nm con dao, h ri n u xin ly t lm t
nghip. Vua thun cho. L Phng Hiu ln ni Bng Sn nm con dao xung xa c 10 dm. Vua bn
ly rung chung quanh ni Bng Sn cho ng L Phng Hiu, gi l thc ao in. Sau thnh ra tn
thc in l rung thng cng cho cc quan. Cn nh vng bc tiu-dng trong nc th tiu bng
phn, lng c sn, c hiu nh nc. Khi no ng np cho vua quan, th mt tin l 70 ng, m
thng tiu vi nhau th mt tin ch c 69 ng m thi.
38. Lng Lai H, huyn Thanh Lm, ph Nam Sch, nay thuc huyn Lang Ti, tnh Bc Ninh.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 7
GIC NH NGUYN I (1284-1288)
6. Toa nh Ngh-an
. Nh Nguyn nghe tin Trn Thi-tng mi mt v Thnh-tng nhng-v, lin sai L-b thng-th l
Si Thung sang s, i t Giang-lng (H-bc), qua Ung-chu (Qung-ty) ri sang nc Nam, ch
khng i qua tnh Vn-nam nh cc s-thn trc.
Nm nhm-ng (1282) Nguyn-ch li cho s sang d rng: "Nu vua nc Nam khng sang chu
c th phi a vng ngc sang thay, v phi np hin-s, thy m-dng bi-ton, th kho mi
hng 2 ngi ".
Nhn-tng sai ngi ch h l Trn di i v L Tun, L Mc sang thay cho mnh. Nhng Nguyn-ch
khng bng lng, quyt chim gi quyn cai-tr nc Nam, bn xung ch lp ta Tuyn-ph-ti, t
quan liu- thuc sang gim-tr cc chu huyn. Quan nh Nguyn sang n ni, Nhn-tng khng
nhn, ui v Tu.
Nguyn-ch thy vy gin lm, bn lp Trn di i lm An-nam quc- vng, phong cho L Mc lm
Hn-lm hc-s, L Tun lm Thng-th- lnh, v sai Si Thung dn 1.000 qun a bn y v
nc.
Trn di i thy Nguyn-ch phong cho cng nhn, a v cng v; chc trong bng l chuyn ny
nh sc Mng-c, may vic xong, th c lm vua, nhc bng khng xong, th cho l Nguyn-
ch bt-p; v th mi theo Si Thung v.
Si Thung a bn Trn di i n gn i Nam-quan, c tin phi-bo v Kinh-. Nhn-tng lin sai
tng dn mt i qun ln n ng nh l nghch-thn. Si Thung b tn bn m mt mt mt, trn
chy v Tu, cn l Trn di i b bt, phi ti lm lnh.
Nguyn-ch thy Si Thung b thng chy v tc gin lm, bn sai con l Thot Hoan lm Trn-nam-
vng, cng vi bn Toa-, m Nhi dn 50 vn qun, gi ting mn ng i qua nc Nam
sang nh Chim-thnh.
Quan trn-th Lng-sn do-thm c tin y, sai ngi v Kinh- phi bo. Nhn-tng ng thuyn ra
sng Bnh-than39 (ch sng ung ni vi sng Thi-bnh), hi cc vng-hu bch quan li bn
k chng gi.
Qua thng tm nm gip-thn (1284) ng Trn quc Tun truyn hch cho cc vng-hu hi ht qun-
s ti bn ng-b-u im-duyt. Qun thy v qun b ht c thy 20 vn.
ng Trn quc Tun truyn cho cc tng-s rng: "Bn-chc phng-mnh thng c qun-s ra ph
gic. Cc vng-hu v cc tng-s, ai ny phi cn gi php-tc, i u khng c nhiu dn v
phi ng lng ht sc nh gic, ch thy thua m ng lng, ch thy c m t kiu, vic qun c
lut, php nc khng thn, cc ngi phi gi ". Xong ri sai Trn bnh Trng em qun i ng n
trn sng Bnh-than, Trn khnh D em qun ra gi mt Vn-n (thuc Vn-hi Qung-yn), cn
cc tng th chia ra ng cc ni him-yu. Trn quc Tun t dn i qun ng Vn-kip (tc l
lng Kip-bc thuc Hi-dng) tip-ng cho cc ni.
c t lu, Nhn-tng nghe tin v bo rng nh Nguyn hi ti H- qung sp sa ko sang mt Lng-
sn. Vua c lo qun ta khng ch ni, bn sai s mang l sang Tu, xin vua nh Nguyn hon
binh, thng- ngh li.
Vua nh Nguyn khng nghe, sai Thot Hoan c vic tin binh sang. Nhn-tng thy vy, lp tc cho
triu cc b-lo dn-gian hi ti in Din hng bn xem nn ha hay nn nh. Cc b-lo u
ng thanh xin nh. Vua thy dn-gian mt lng nh vy, cng quyt khng c.
Nhn-tng tip c th ca Thot Hoan, tr li li rng: "T bn- quc sang Chim-thnh, thy lc
khng c ng no tin ". S-gi v ni vi Thot Hoan, Thot Hoan ni gin, thc qun ko sang
mn Lng-sn, ri sang quan B-tng tn l A L n d rng: "Bn-sy ch nh ng Nam- quc
sang nh Chim-thnh, ch khng c bng g u m ngi. Nn m ca i cho qun bn-sy i, v i
dn u, nh gip t nhiu lng-tho, ri khi no ph xong Chim-thnh th s c trng ta v sau.
Nhc bng khng-c thin binh, th bn-sy s khng dong tnh, ph tan b-ci, by gi d hi li
cng khng kp ".
Thot Hoan thy Hng-o-vng gi c cc ni, lin tin binh ln nh ni K-cp, i Kh-li v i
Lc-chu. Qun hai bn nh nhau ni K-cp hai ba trn khng phn thng bi. Nhng sau v Kh-li
v Lc-chu tht th, qun An-nam phi rt v i Chi-lng 41 . Thot Hoan dn i binh n nh
Chi- lng, Hng-o-vng km th, thua chy ra bn Bi-tn, xung thuyn cng vi bn gia-tng,
l D Tng v Yt Kiu v Vn-kip. Cc tng thu nht tn qun dn dn cng ko v y c.
Nhn-tng nghe Hng-o-vng thua chy v Vn-kip, lin ng mt chic thuyn nh xung Hi-
ng (tc l Hi-dng) ri cho vi Hng- o-vng n bn vic, nhn thy qun mnh thua, trong
bng lo s, mi bo Hng-o-vng rng: "Th gic to nh vy, m chng vi n th dn- s tn-hi,
hay l trm hy chu hng i cu mun dn".
ri truyn hch khuyn-rn cc tng-s. T hch y lm bng Hn-vn, nay dch ra quc m nh sau
ny:
"Ta thng nghe chuyn: K Tn liu thn chu cht thay cho vua Cao-; Do Vu ly mnh ngn
gio cho vua Chiu-vng; D Nhng nut than bo th cho ch; Thn Khoi cht tay cu
nn cho nc; Knh c l mt chc quan cn nh, m liu thn cu vua Thi-tng c thot
vng vy; Kiu Khanh l mt b ti xa, m k ti mng thng Lc Sn l qun nghch-tc. Cc
bc trung-thn ngha-s ngy xa, b mnh v nc, i no khng c? Gi-s my ngi y cng
c bo bo theo li thng tnh, cht gi xo nh th sao cho lu danh s-sch n nghn mun i
nh th c? Nay cc ngi vn dng v-tng, khng hiu vn-ngha, nghe nhng chuyn c-
tch y, na tin na ng, ta khng ni lm g na; ta hy em chuyn i Tng, Nguyn mi ri m
ni: Vng cng Kin l ngi th no? T-tng ca Vng cng Kin l Nguyn vn Lp li l
ngi th no, m gi mt thnh iu-ng 42 nh mn, chng vi qun Mng-kha 43 k hng
trm vn, khin cho dn s nh Tng, n nay cn i n su. ng ngt Ngi l ngi nh th
no? T-tng ca ng ngt Ngi l Xch tu T li l ngi th no, m xng vo ch lam-
chng xa xi, nh c qun Nam-chiu trong vi ba tun, khin cho qun-trng i Nguyn
n nay cn lu ting tt. Hung chi ta cng cc ngi sinh i nhiu- nhng, gp phi bui
gian-nan ny, trng thy nhng ngy-s i li rm- rp ngoi ng, un li c diu m x-mng
triu-nh, em thn d ch m bt-nt t-ph, li cy th Ht tt Lit m i ngc-la, th Vn-
nam- vng 44 vt bc vng; ca kho c hn, lng tham khng cng, khc no nh em tht m
nui h i, gi sao cho khi tai-v v sau! Ta y, ngy th qun n, m th qun ng, rut au
nh ct, nc mt m-a, ch cm-tc rng cha c s tht lt da ca qun gic, du thn ny
phi ngoi ni c, xc ny gi trong da nga, th cng nh lng. Cc ngi cng ta coi gi
binh-quyn, cng lu ngy, khng c o th ta cho o, khng c n th ta cho n, quan cn nh
th ta thng thng, lng c t th ta tng cp, i thy th ta cho thuyn, i b th ta cho nga, lc
hon-nn th cng nhau sng cht, lc nhn-h th cng nhau vui ci, nhng cch c-x so vi
Vng cng Kin, ng ngt Ngi ngy xa cng chng km g. Nay cc ngi trng thy ch
nhc m khng bit lo, trng thy quc-s m khng bit thn, thn lm tng phi hu gic, m
khng bit tc, tai nghe nhc hin ngy s, m khng bit cm; hoc ly vic chi g lm vui-
a, hoc ly vic nh bc lm tiu-khin, hoc vui th v vn rung, hoc quyn-luyn v v
con, hoc ngh v li ring m qun vic nc, hoc ham v sn-bn m qun vic binh, hoc thch
ru ngon, hoc m ting ht. Nu c gic n, th ca g trng sao cho m thng c o-gip;
mo c-bc sao cho dng ni c qun mu; du rng rung lm vn nhiu, thn y nghn vng
khn chuc; v li v bu con du, nc ny trm s ngh sao; tin-ca u m mua cho c u
gic; ch sn y th ch sao ni qun th; chn ru ngon khng lm c cho gic say cht;
ting ht hay khng lm c cho gic it tai; khi by gi chng nhng l thi-p ca ta khng
cn, m bng-lc ca cc ngi cng ht; chng nhng l gia- quyn ta b ui, m v con ca
cc ngi cng nguy; chng nhng l ta chu nhc by gi, m trm nm v sau, ting xu hy cn
mi mi; m gia thanh ca cc ngi cng chng khi mang ting nhc, n lc by gi cc ngi
du mun vui-v, phng c c hay khng? Nay ta bo tht cc ngi: nn cn-thn nh ni ci
la, nn gi-gn nh k hp canh, dy-bo qun-s, luyn-tp cung tn, khin cho ngi no cng
c sc khe nh Bng Mng v Hu Ngh, th mi c th dp tan c qun gic, m lp nn c
cng-danh. Chng nhng l thi-p ta c vng- bn, m cc ngi cng u c hng bng-
lc; chng nhng l gia- quyn ca ta c yn-n, m cc ngi cng u c vui vi v con,
chng nhng l tin-nhn ta c v-vang, m cc ngi cng c phng- th t-ph, trm nm
vinh-hin; chng nhng l mt mnh ta c sung- sng, m cc ngi cng c lu-truyn s-
sch, nghn i thm-tho; n by gi cc ngi du khng vui-v, cng t khc c vui-v. Nay
ta son ht cc binh php ca cc nh danh-gia hp li lm mt quyn gi l "Binh-th yu-lc".
Nu cc ngi bit chuyn-tp sch ny, theo li dy-bo, th mi phi o thn-t; nhc bng
khinh b sch ny, tri li dy-bo, th tc l k nghch-th. Bi c sa Bi gic Nguyn cng ta,
l k th khng i tri chung, th m cc ngi c im-nhin khng ngh n vic bo th, li
khng bit dy qun-s, khc no nh quay ngn gio m i theo k th, gi tay khng m chu thu
qun gic, khin cho sau trn Bnh-l 45 m ta phi chu ting xu mun i, th cn mt-mi ni
ng trong tri t na. Vy nn ta phi lm ra bi hch ny cho cc ngi bit bng ta".
Thot Hoan thy pha nam ngn sng Hng-h 46 c tri qun An- nam ng gi, mi sai qun ly
sng i-bc bn sang, ph tan c cc tri, qun-s khip-s b chy ht sch. Qun Mng-c by gi
lm cu phao qua sng, ko n tn chn thnh Thng-long h tri.
Thot Hoan c bit tin y, lin sai tng m Nhi dn qun i ng b vo tip-ng cho Toa
nh t mt trong nh ra, cn mt ngoi th chin thuyn ca nh Nguyn chia ra gi cc bn
ng sng Hng-h 47 t Thng-long xung n khc sng i-hong (thuc huyn Nam-xang, H-
nam).
By gi Hng-o-vng dn cc tng h-v xa-gi xung Thin-trng, nghe Toa t vng trong
ko ra, Hng-o-vng tu vua xin sai Thng-tng Trn quang Khi a binh vo ng mt Ngh-
an, gi chn ng hm, khng cho Toa ra, v sai Trn bnh Trng li gi Thin-trng c nhau
vi qun Thot Hoan, ri rc xa-gi ra Hi-dng.
Trn quang Khi vo n Ngh-an, chia qun phng gi, nhng m qun nh Nguyn th mnh, i n
u nh tan n y, li c m Nhi mt b nh vo. Quang Khi ng khng ni, phi lui qun
ra mt ngoi. Cn quan trn-th Ngh-an l Trn Kin em c nh ra hng vi Toa . Toa cho
a bn Trn Kin v Yn-kinh.
Hng-o-vng nghe tin, sai tng em qun i ln ng tt ui theo. Khi qun Nguyn a Trn
Kin n a-phn Lng-sn, qua tri Ma-lc (?), th c ngi th-ho y tn l Nguyn th Lc v
Nguyn Lnh Thin-trng, Trn bnh Trng thy qun nh Nguyn n bi -mc ( khc sng
Thin-mc, huyn ng-an, Hng-yn) lin em binh ra nh, nhng chng may bi vy, phI bt. Qun
Nguyn a Bnh Trng v np cho Thot Hoan. Thot Hoan bit Bnh Trng l tng khe-mnh,
mun khuyn-d v hng, tht-i cho n-ung, nhng Bnh Trng khng n, d-dnh hi d vic
nc, Bnh Trng cng khng ni. Sau Thot Hoan hi rng: "C mun l vng t Bc khng?"
Bnh Trng qut ln rng: "T th lm qu nc Nam, ch khng thm lm vng t Bc. Ta b bt
th c mt cht m thi, can g m phi hi li-thi!" Thot Hoan thy d khng c, sai qun em
chm.
Thnh-tng thng-hong cng Nhn-tng v Hng-o-vng nghe tin Trn bnh Trng t-tit, ai ny
ng lng thng-xt.
Nhn-tng nghe li, sai Chiu-vn-vng Trn nht Dut lm tng v Trn quc Ton 48 lm ph-
tng cng vi tng-qun l Nguyn Khoi em 5 vn qun ra n ng nh Toa mt Hi-
dng. Thng t nm t-du (1285) Trn nht Dut ra n Hm-t (thuc huyn ng-an, Hng-yn)
th gp chin thuyn ca Toa , Nht Dut lin phn binh ra nh. Qun Nht Dut by gi c bn
Triu Trung l tng nh Tng sang xin tng chinh, mc o eo cung nh qun nh Tng. n khi gip
trn, qun Nguyn trng thy bn Triu Trung, tng l nh Tng khi-phc c nc Tu, ri
cho qun sang cu An-nam, a no cng s-hi b chy. Qun ta ui nh, qun gic thua to cht
hi rt nhiu. Toa phi li ra bi Thin-trng.
Trn nht Dut thng trn, cho Quc Ton a tin v Thanh-ha. Hng-o-vng c tin mng y,
vo tu vi vua rng: "Qun ta mi thng, kh-lc ang hng, m qun Nguyn mi thua, tt cng cht
d. Vy nn nhn dp ny m tin qun nh Thot Hoan khi phc Kinh-thnh".
Vua nghe li truyn sp sa tin binh. Sc c Thng tng Trn quang Khi trong Ngh-an ra, xin
i nh Thot Hoan. Vua lin sai Quang Khi thu-xp qun-s ra nh Thng-long v truyn hch
sai Trn nht Dut ng qun gi chn ng khng cho bn Toa ko ln hp vi Thot Hoan.
Trn quang Khi vi Trn quc Ton v Phm ng Lo em qun t Thanh-ha i thuyn vng ng
b ra n bn Chng-dng, sn vo nh chin-thuyn ca qun Nguyn. Quan qun nh hng qu,
qun Nguyn ch khng ni phi b chy. Quan qun ln b ui nh v n chn thnh Thng-long
h tri. Thot Hoan em i qun ra c ch, b phc binh ca Trn quang Khi nh p li, qun
Nguyn phi b thnh Thng-long chy qua sng Hng-h 49 sang gi mt Kinh-bc (Bc-ninh).
Trn quang Khi em qun vo thnh m tic khao qun. n khi ung ru vui-v, Quang Khi ngm
bi th rng:
ot so Chng-dng- 50
Cm h Hm-t quan
Thi-bnh nghi n lc
Vn c th giang-san
Dch nm:
Chng-dng cp gio-gic
Hm-t bt qun th
Thi-bnh nn gng sc
Trn quang Khi sai ngi v Thanh-ho dng biu bo tin thng trn. Vua Nhn-tng thy qun th
mnh, trong hai thng nh c hai trn, qun-s ai ny u nc lng nh gic, bn rc Thng-
hong v ct binh-m ra ng Trng-an (Ninh-bnh).
Toa ng qun Thin-trng xa cch Thot Hoan hn 200 dm, cho nn cha bit Thot Hoan
thua chy v Bc-giang ri, bn tin bnh vo ng sng Thin-mc 51 nh hp sc vi
Thot Hoan lm th - gic. c my hm Toa bit o tin qun ca mnh bi trn, m cc
bn th ch no cng c qun nh Trn n ng, mi lui v ng Ty- kt 52 ri cho ngi i d xem
qun Thot Hoan ng u.
Qun An-nam t khi nh c trn Hm-t v trn Chng-dng ri, qun-th phn chn lm.
Hng-o-vng mng r, vo tu vi Nhn- tng xin mt mt sai Chiu-vn-vng Trn nht Dut,
hp vi Thng- tng Trn quang Khi dn qun chn cc ng, khng cho Thot Hoan, Toa i
li thng tin vi nhau, v mt mt xin t tin binh ra nh Toa , ri nh Thot Hoan.
Nhn-tng nghe li y, cho Hng-o-vng ty m sai khin. Khi qun ra n Ty-kt, Hng-o-
vng chia qun ra nh tri qun Nguyn, v t phc binh bt Toa .
Qun ta nh hng qu, qun Nguyn khng ch ni, Toa v m Nhi em binh ln b chy ra
mt b, nhng khi chy n m sau mt dy ni, th b qun An-nam vy nh, Toa trng tn cht,
cn m Nhi th tm ng chy vo Thanh-ha, nhng b qun ta nh ui ngt qu, phi mt mnh
ln xung chic thuyn con chy ra b, trn v Tu c.
Khi cc tng thng trn, a u Toa v np, Nhn-tng thy ngi dng-kin m li ht lng vi
cha, mi than rng: "Lm by ti nn nh ngi ny!" ri ci o ng-ho p vo u Toa , sai
quan dng l mai-tng cho t-t.
Trn Ty-kt nh vo thng nm, nm t-du (1285) quan qun bt c qun Nguyn hn 3 vn
ngi, v chin-thuyn kh-gii khng bit bao nhiu m k. Hng-o-vng c trn ton thng,
m tic khao thng ba qun, ri ln nh mt bc, tiu-tr Thot Hoan.
By gi Thot Hoan ng qun Bc-giang, nghe tin n Toa t trn, m Nhi trn v Tu,
qun-binh tng-s ai ny u ng lng c. V li tri ang ma h nng-nc kh chu, sn-lam
chng-kh bc ln, qun-s b dch-t cht hi cng nhiu. Bi th c bng mun rt qun v Tu.
Hng-o-vng cng bit c Thot Hoan tt phi chy, lin sai Nguyn Khoi, Phm ng Lo dn 3
vn qun i ln ng ni, phc sn hai bn rng sy bn sng Vn-kip, ch lc qun Nguyn
chy n th ra nh; sai hai con l Hng-v-vng Nghin v Hng-hiu-vng y dn 3 vn
qun i ng Hi-dng ra mt Qung-yn, gi chn ng v chu T-minh; Hng-o-vng t
dn i qun ln Bc-giang nh qun Nguyn. Qun Nguyn thua chy, Thot Hoan dn i binh chy
n bn Vn-kip, gp bn Nguyn Khoi ra nh, qun Nguyn mi phn tn-hi mt nm. Tng
nh Nguyn l L Hng b tn bn cht. Cn Thot Hoan, Phn Tip , A bt Xch, L Qun c sc
nh ly ng m chy. Sau thy qun An-nam ui kp qu, Thot Hoan phi chui vo ci ng ng
ln xe bt qun ko chy. V gn n chu T-ninh li gp bn Hng-v-vng Nghin v Hng-
hiu-vng y nh ui mt trn na. L Qun trng tn bn cht. Thot Hoan, A bt Xch v Phn
Tip chy thot v Tu c.
V nc An-nam thi by gi vua ti ha-hp, lng ngi nh mt, nhn-ti l-lt ko ra; m qun
Nguyn sang An-nam th ng xa mun dm, ni sng cch tr, hng mnh c lc u m thi, sau
thnh ra bnh-tt yu-au. Nh th m li gp phi tay Hng-o-vng Trn quc Tun dng binh
bit i thi, bit tha th tin thoi, cho nn s qun nh Nguyn thua tan-nt l s tt-nhin vy.
--------------
39. Lng Bnh Than, tng Vn Ti, huyn Gia Bnh, tnh Bc Ninh.
41 Ca Chi Lng, tc gi l bu Chi Lng tng Chi Lng, gn ga Tun Mui, thuc v a ht chu
n, tnh Lng Sn. Ch y l mt ni him a nc Nam ta. Trn Hng o Vng sau li ph qun
Nguyn ch y, v n u i L, vua Thi T git tng nh Minh l Liu Thng cng ch y.
45 Bnh L l tn thnh, nhng s c khng chp r u v ai xy ln. Sch "Khm nh Vit S"
chp rng theo b "D a Ch" ca ng Nguyn Tri, th i nh L c o con sng Bnh L i
ln Thi Nguyn cho tin. Vy thnh Bnh L c l vo ht Thi Nguyn. Xem li dn ca Trn
Hng o Vng th thnh Bnh L ny xy vo i inh hay i Tin L, ri L Thng Kit i L
nh qun Tng .
47 S chp l Ph Lng Giang. em dn binh ra nh. Li c quan qun ui n ni, qun Nguyn
b chy. Trn Kin b tn bn cht, nhng c ngi nh l L Tc cp c thy chy thot, a n
g n-khu (Lng-sn) mai-tng xong ri trn sang Tu. L Tc l dng di Nguyn Phu lm Th-s
Giao-chu v i ng-Tn (317-419) ngy trc. T lc trn sang Tu ri, L Tc c lm b s
"An-nam ch-lc". B s y hin by gi cn c bn Tu v bn Nht- bn.
48 S chp rng khi vua Nhn Tng hi cc vng thn Bnh Than / bn vic chng gic, Trn
Quc Ton by gi mi c 15, 16 tui cng theo ra hi. V cn nh tui cho nn khng c d bn,
Quc Ton cm tc v cng, trong tay cm qu cam bp v nt ra lc no khng bit. Khi tan hi, ai
ny v lo sa son binh thuyn. Quc Ton v nh cng t hp nhng ngi thn thuc, sm kh
gii, may l c su ch: "Ph Cng ch Bo Hong n" Ri em qun i nh gic. nh ch
no qun gic cng phi li. 9. Trn Chng-Dng- - Trn Quang Khi khi phc Thng Long:
Khi by gi i binh ca Thot Hoan ng ti Thng-long, cn chin thuyn th li ng bn
Chng-dng, a phn huyn Thng-phc.
49 S chp l Ph Lng.
50 Ch Nho l:
52 Hin nay thuc ph Khoi Chu (Hng Yn) c lng ng Kt vo trong cch xa b sng Hng
H. Hoc pha ty gn b sng, ngy xa c lng Ty Kt m nay l mt i chng?
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 8
GIC NH NGUYN II (1284-1288)
5. Hng-o-vng i ph Nguyn-binh
7. nh cng, pht ti
8. nh cuc ha-hiu
Vua nh Nguyn nghe li, cho qun-s ngh vi thng. Cn Trn ch Tc theo Thot Hoan v Tu,
th cho ra Ngc-chu.
Nhn-tng mng r, sai Hng-o-vng c-sut cc vng-hu, m thm qun-s, s-sang kh-gii
phng vic cng th.
Sang ma xun thng hai nm inh-hi (1287) Nguyn-ch kn ly 7 vn qun, 5 trm chic thuyn, 6
nghn qun Vn-nam v 1 vn 5 nghn qun bn chu ngoi b, sai Thot Hoan lm i-nguyn-sy,
A bt Xch lm Hnh-tnh-t-tha, o l Xch lm Bnh-chng-chnh-s, m Nhi, Phn Tip lm
Tham-tri chnh-s, em tt c hn 30 vn qun sang nh nc Nam, gi danh a Trn ch Tc v
nc, lp lm An-nam quc-vng 53 . Li sai Vn-h Trng vn H theo ng b ti hn 17 vn
thch lng 54 sang cp cho qun-s.
Qua thng mi mt, Thot Hoan dn qun noi ng Chu-khm, chu Lim n chu T-minh; sai
bn Trng Ngc lnh 2,000 qun coi vic ch lng-thc, kh-gii li sai Trnh bng Phi, o l
Xch, mi ngi dn 1 vn qun i ng b; m Nhi, Phn Tip sut lnh thy-qun i ng b,
u tin sang An-nam.
Quan Trn-th bin-thy phi bo v Thng-long. Cc quan xin tuyn thm binh. Hng-o-vng
ni rng: "Binh ct gii, ch khng ct nhiu, nu nhiu m khng gii, th-d nh B Kin c trm
vn qun cng khng ch-g!"
Hng-o-vng sai Trn nht Dut, Nguyn Khoi dn 3 vn qun ln gi mt Lng-sn; sai Trn
quc Ton, L ph Trn dn 3 vn qun v gi mt Ngh-an; t mnh thng i qun ra gi mt Qung-
yn. Mt mt sai tin-qun ln gn chu T-minh chia ra ng lm ba n: Sa, T, Trc, chng-gi
qun Nguyn; mt mt sai tng em qun ra gi cht ca sng i-than 55 (thuc Hi-dng) cn
i-qun ca Hng-o-vng th ng li ni Ph-sn.
Quan qun tuy ng gi nh vy, nhng qun Nguyn th to lm, chng khng ni, phi rt v Vn-
kip; Thot Hoan tin ln chim gi ni Ph-li v ni Ch-linh, lp tri chng nhau vi qun ta, ri
sai tng l Trnh bng Phi em hai vn lnh nh ly n Vn-kip, li sai m Nhi v A bt Xch
dn qun t sng Lc-u nh xung sng Hng-h.
Nhng sau khi b bn m Nhi ui ngt qu, Thng-hong v Nhn-tng phi xung thuyn ra b i
vo Thanh-ha. m Nhi ui khng kp, em qun tr v qua Long-hng (ph Tin-hng, Thi-bnh)
bit y c Thin-lng, l lng t nh Trn, bn sai qun n ph nt c i.
. Qun Nguyn ng mi Vn-kip lng-thc sp cn, Thot Hoan bn sai m Nhi dn thy-qun
ra ca b i-bng (huyn Nghi-dng, Hi-dng) 56 n thuyn lng ca Trng vn H. m
Nhi em thuyn i n i Vn-n (Vn-hi, Qung-yn) gp qun ca Nhn- hu-vng Trn khnh
D chn ng khng cho i. m Nhi thc qun nh rt mt trn, qun Khnh D thua b chy c.
Qun Nguyn ko thng ra b i n thuyn lng.
Khnh D t khi tht trn, ang ngh k phc binh th, bng thy s ra bt, Khnh D tip s ri ni
rng: "Ti sai tng-lnh nh thi chu ti, nhng xin khoan cho ti mt vi hm, may m ti lp
c cng khc chuc ti chng?"
Khnh D rng m Nhi ph c qun ta, trong bng hn chc rng khng cn ai ngn-tr g
na, cho nn mi khinh thng em binh thuyn i trc. Khnh D bn nht-nhnh thuyn-b phc
qun sn i thuyn lng ca Trng vn H n th ko ra nh.
Hng-o-vng tun lnh, cho l qun Nguyn v. T y qun ca Thot Hoan xn-xao, c bng
mun v Tu, m lng-thc mt ngy mt cn.
m Nhi t khi i Vn-n tr v, ch mi khng thy thuyn lng n, bn em qun n ph tri
An-hng (thuc Qung-yn) ri rt v Vn-kip.
Qun Nguyn t khi thua trn Vn-n, lng-tho mt ngymt cn i, Thot Hoan mun cho ngi
v Tu cu vin v ly thm lng, Hng-o-vng bit , sai tng ln gi ni K-cp v i N-
nhi mt Lng-sn khng cho ngi Tu i li.
Nhng chin-thuyn ca m Nhi, Phn Tip theo ging sng Bch- ng, bng chc thy tng nh
Trn l Nguyn Khoi dn chin thuyn n khiu-chin. m Nhi tc gin thc qun xng vo nh,
Nguyn Khoi lin quay thuyn chy. By gi ang lc thy-triu ln, mt nc mnh-mng, m Nhi
v tnh, thy ch qun chy, c vic thc thuyn ui theo. Nguyn Khoi nh qun i khi xa ch
ng cc, ri mi quay thuyn nh vt li. Hai bn nh ang hng, th i qun ca Hng-o-
vng tip n. m Nhi, Phn Tip thy quan qun to th lm, mi quay thuyn chy tr li. Khi
chy n khc sng c cc ng th nc thy-triu rt xung, thuyn ca qun Nguyn vng mc
phi cc, nghing nga, m v mt nhiu. Quan qun tha thng nh cc hng, qun Nguyn
cht nh r, mu loang c khc sng. Tng Nguyn l m Nhi, Phn Tip, Tch L, C Ngc
u b bt c.
Thot Hoan nghe tin qun thy v tan ri, dn bn Trnh bng Phi, A bt Xch, o l Xch, Trng
Qun, Trng Ngc, i ng b chy v n i Ni-bng, bng gp qun phc ca Phm ng Lo
ra nh. Cc tng ht sc gi gn Thot Hoan, va nh va chy. Trng Qun dn 3,000 qun i
on hu c sc nh ly ng chy, b Phm ng Lo chm cht. Thot Hoan chy thot ra c
ca i, qun-s mi phn, tn hi mt 5, 6 phn.
Bn Thot Hoan ang i, bng li c tin bo rng t ca i N-nhi n mi ni K-cp hn 100 dm,
ch no cng c n i. Nghe tin y qun-s u xn-xao s-hi, v m sau li nghe ting m-m quan
qun ui theo v sp ko n. Thot Hoan vi-vng sai A bt Xch, Trng Ngc dn qun i trc
m ng, o l Xch i on hu.
A bt Xch, Trng Ngc gp phi quan qun chn ng phc hai bn sn ni bn tn thuc c
xung nh ma. Hai tng u t trn, v qun-s cht thy nm ngn-ngang tng ng. Cn Trnh
bng Phi ht sc gi-gn Thot Hoan chy ra an-k, qua Lc-chu ri i ln con ng tt v chu
T-minh. o l Xch i sau, chy thot c, mi nht-nhnh tn qun theo c Thot Hoan v Yn-
kinh.
Dch nm:
V n Thng-long vua sai m tic khao thng tng-s, cho dn- s m hi vui-v ba ngy, gi l
Thi-bnh din-yn.
Qun nh Nguyn sang nh An-nam tuy thua hai ba phen tht, nhng th nh Nguyn vn mnh lm,
m nc Nam ta snh vi nc Tu li l mt nc nh-mn, c-lp mt mnh, khng nng ta vo
u c; nu c tranh chin mi th s thng-bi cha bit ra th no, m mun dn li phi lm-
than, kh-s. V nhng l y, cho nn n thng mi nm mu-t (1288) vua Nhn-tng sai quan l
thin Th sang s nh Nguyn, xin theo l cng hin nh xa.
Nguyn-ch thy qun mnh thua my ln ri, trong bng cng nn, cho nn cng thun cho thng ha.
Thng hai nm k-su (1289) Nhn-tng sai quan a bn tng Nguyn b bt l Tch L, C Ngc
v Tu. Cn Phn Tip v lo m thnh bnh cht, vua sai ha tng, ri cp ngi nga cho v con em
hi-ct v nc. Cc u mc cng tha cho v c. Duy c m Nhi git hi nhiu ngi, vua cm-tc
v cng, khng mun tha v, nhng li ngi ng ha- hiu, bn dng mu ca Hng-o-vng sai
ngi a i n gia b, nh m thuyn, cho cht ui, m Nguyn-triu cng khng trch vo u
c. V sau vua Dc-tng bn triu nh Nguyn xem n ch ny, c ph bn ch: " bt nhn phi
ngha". Tng li ph y cng l chnh ng.
Thng t nm k-su (1289) mi nh cng, pht ti. Bao nhiu nhng vng hu i nh gic Nguyn
c cng u c thng trt c, cn cc tng-s khc h m ai c cng to th cho quc-tnh. Nguyn
Khoi c phong tc hu, cho n lc mt lng Khoi- l (tc l ph Khoi by gi); Phm ng Lo
c thng lm Qun Thnh- dc qun. Cc cha Mng m c cng em dn binh ra c gic cng
c phong hu.
Vua li sai vn-thn ghi-chp cng-trng ca cc tng hp bin lm quyn sch gi l Trung hng
thc lc v li sai th v tranh cc tng treo gc cng thn.
nh cng xong ri mi xt n ti nhng ngi hng gic. Khi qun Nguyn ang cng thch, triu
thn lm k hai lng, c giy-m i li vi gic. Sau gic thua chy v bc, triu-nh bt c trp
biu hng ca cc quan. inh-thn mun lc ra tr ti, nhng Thng-hong ngh rng lm ti nhng
tiu-nhn cng v ch, bn sai em t c trp i, cho yn lng mi ngi. Duy nhng ngi no
qu thc l hng vi gic, th mi tr ti; hoc em cy, hoc x-t. V th bn Trn Kin, Trn vn
Lng tuy cht ri, nhng con chu phi tc h tn-tht i ra h Mai. Cn Trn ch Tc, th vua
ngh tnh cn-thn khng n b h, nhng phi gi l Trn, ngha l bo nht-nht nh n-b vy.
Nhng qun-dn th c th ti c, duy c hai lng Bng-h, Ba im trc ht theo gic, c lng
phi lm binh-lnh, khng khi no c lm quan.
Thng cng, pht ti xong ri, Thng-hong v ph Thin- trng, n thng nm, nm canh-dn
(1290) th mt. Nhn-tng sai s sang co tang v xin phong.
8. nh cuc ha-hiu.
T lc Thot Hoan thua v, vua nh Nguyn thun cho ha-hiu, nhng trong bng vn cha ngui
gin, li mun ct binh sang nh bo th. nh-thn can, xin cho s sang d vua An-nam sang
chu xem , nu khng sang ri hy liu. Nguyn-ch nghe li, sai Thng-th Trng lp o sang
s An-nam. Nhng vua Nhn-tng ly c c tang khng i. Sai quan l Nguyn i Php i thay.
Nguyn i Php sang Tu ni nm sau vua An-nam s sang chu.
Qua nm sau Nguyn-triu khng thy vua An-nam sang, li sai Li- b thng-th l Lng Tng v
L-b thng-th l Trn Phu sang gic Nhn-tng sang chu.
Nhn-tng khng i, sai s l o t K a vt sang cng Tu. Nguyn-triu thy vua An-nam
khng sang nh khi binh sang nh, bn bt giam T K Giang-lng, ri sai Lu quc Kit v cc
tng sa-son binh-lng, chn ngy pht binh. Li sai Trn ch Tc i theo, v hi Trng sa.
Nhng lc ang sa son, th Nguyn Th-t l Ht-tt-Lit mt, Nguyn Thnh-tng ln ngi, mi bi
vic binh v cho s An-nam l o t K v nc.
---------
54 S c chp l 70 vn thch.
58 Ha Giang l mt ngn sng thuc v sng Thi Bnh, gip gii tnh Kin An v tnh Thi Bnh.
Nay y dn s ti cn nh ch con voi ca Hng o Vng qua sng Ha sa ly m cht.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 9
Nh Trn
3. Vic nh Ai Lao
2. Gic Ai Lao
Anh Tng lc u hay ung ru v m thng hay ln ra ngoi i chi, c khi b v li phm
n. Mt hm ung ru say n ni Nhn Tng Thng Hong Thin Trng v kinh, cc quan u
ra n rc c, m vua vn nm ng. Thng Hong gin lm, truyn xa gi lp tc v Thin Trng
v h chiu cho bch quan phi v y hi ngh. Khi Anh Tng tnh ru, bit thng hong v kinh,
s hi qu, vi vng chy ra ngoi cung gp mt ngi hc tr tn l on Nh Hi, mn tho bi
biu dng ln t ti, ri cng vi Nh Hi xung thuyn i sut m n ph Thin Trng.
Thng Hong xem biu ri qu mng mt lc, v tha li cho Anh Tng. V n kinh s, Anh Tng
cho on Nh Hi lm ng s trung tn, v t y khng ung ru na. T xa n nay vua An Nam
vn c tc ly chm v rng vo i, nhng Anh Tng khng mun theo tc ny. Mt hm Thng
Hong bo Anh Tng rng: " Dng di nh mnh vn v mnh nh gc ngy xa, nay nh vua phi
theo tc y mi c". Anh Tng tuy vng mnh nhng la khi Thng Hong bn vic khc, ln i
khng cho v. T y, vua An Nam mi khng v mnh na.
Trong triu li c nhng ngi ti gii ht lng gip vic nc. Vn nh bn ng Trng Hn Siu,
v nh ng Phm Ng Lo u l ngi c ti tr c.
Phm Ng Lo l ngi lng Ph ng, huyn M Ho, tnh Hi Dng 59 , trc theo Trn Hng o
Vng nh gic Nguyn, lp c cng to. Triu nh trng dng cho lm i tng. Ng Lo tr
qun c k lut, i tng hiu nh ngi nh, vi s tt cng chu cam kh, cho nn vn gi qun
ca ng y l ph t chi binh, nh u c y, thnh mt ngi danh tng nc Nam ta.
ng Phm Ng Lo gii ngh v, li hay ngh vn, thng ngm bi th thut hoi sau ny:
Trong i vua Anh Tng c my ngi danh tng nh l: Thng Tng Trn Quang Khi, thng
trn Chng Dng ngy trc, mt nm gip ng (1294), v Hng o Vng Trn Quc Tun, mt
ngy 20 thng tm nm canh t (1300).
Hng o Vng l mt danh tng nht nc Nam, nh gic Nguyn c cng to vi nc, c
phong lm Thi S, Thng Ph, Thng Quc Cng, Bnh Bc i Nguyn Sy, Hng o i
Vng. Vua li sai ngi v Vn Kip lm sinh t th ngi ch dinh c ca ngy ng ngy
trc.
Hng o Vng lm quan n i vua Anh Tng th xin v tr s Vn Kip. Khi ngi sp mt, vua
Anh Tng c ng gi n thm, nhn thy ngi bnh nng, mi hi rng: " Thng ph mt mai khut
ni, phng c qun bc li sang th lm th no? "
Hng o Vng tu rng: " Nc ta thu xa, Triu V Vng dng nghip, Hn em binh n
nh, V Vng sai dn t sch ng ng, khng lng tho cho gic chim c, ri em i
qun sang chu Khm, chu Lim nh qun Trng Sa 61 dng on binh m nh c, l mt
thi. n i inh, L, nhiu ngi hin lng gip , by gi nc Nam ang cng, vua ti ng
lng, bng dn phn chn; m bn Tu ang lc suy nhc, cho nn ta p thnh Bnh L (thuc Thi
Nguyn) ph c qun nh Tng, l mt thi. n i nh L, qun Tng sang xm, L sai L
Thng Kit nh mt Khm, Lim, dn n Mai Lnh, qun hng, tng dng, l c th nh
c. K n bn triu, gic Nguyn ko n vy bc bn mt, may c vua ti ng lng, anh em
ha mc, c nc u sc li m nh, mi bt c tng kia, cng l lng tri gip ta mi c
th.
Hng o Vng thc l ht lng vi vua, vi nc, tuy rng uy quyn lng ly, m vn gi chc
phn lm ti, khng dm iu g kiu ngo. ang khi qun Nguyn quy nhiu, ngi cm binh quyn,
Thnh Tng, Nhn Tng cho ngi c chuyn quyn phong tc: tr ra t tc hu tr xung, cho
ngi c phong trc ri mi tu sau. Th m ngi khng dm t tin phong thng cho ai c; phm
nhng nh giu m ngi c quyn tin go cp cho qun n, ngi ch phong cho lm gi lan tng
m thi, ngha l tng cho vay lng. Ngi cn thn nh th v vi ai cng tht l cng chnh cho
nn n khi ngi mt, t vua cho ch bch tnh ai cng thng tic. Nhn dn nhiu ni lp n th
phng ghi nh ci cng c ca ngi.
3. Vic nh Ai Lao.
T khi qun nh Nguyn thua chy v Tu ri, pha bc c yn, nhng pha ty nam c qun Ai
Lao thng hay sang quy nhiu mn Thanh Ha, Ngh An. Trc vua Nhn Tng thn chinh i
nh gic li sang cp ph. Sau Anh Tng sai tng qun l Phm Ng Lo i nh ba bn phen na.
nh trn no qun Lo cng b git hi rt nhiu, cho nn t pha Thanh, Ngh, mi c yn.
Sang nm sau (1307) vua Anh Tng thu nhn hai Chu v Chu R, i tn l Thun Chu v Ha
Chu, ri sai quan l on Nh Hi vo kinh l v t quan cai tr.
Anh Tng c tin y, sai Trn Khc Chung, gi mn ting vo thm tm k a cng cha v.
T khi Ch Mn mt ri, Ch Ch ln lm vua Chim Thnh. Nhng Ch Ch hay phn trc, khng gi
nhng iu giao c trc, cho nn nm tn hi (1311), Anh Tng cng vi Hu V Vng Trn
Quc Chn, Nhn Hu Vng Trn Khnh D phn binh lm ba o sang nh Chim Thnh, bt c
Ch Ch em v An Nam v phong cho ngi em l Ch A B lm vua Chim Thnh.
Nm mu thn (1308) Nhn Tng Thng Hong mt cha Yn T Sn. Nm gip dn (1314) Anh
Tng nhng ngi cho thi t Mnh, ri v lm Thi Thng Hong ph Thin Trng n nm
canh thn (1320) th mt.
II. Trn Minh Tng (1314-1329) Nin-hiu: i Khnh (1314 - 1323) Khai Thi (1324 - 1329)
Minh Tng vn l ng vua c lng nhn hu, hay thng yu nhn dn, nhng ch v nghe nnh thn cho
nn git oan Hu V Vng Trn Quc Chn, l ngi lm quan c cng vi nc.
Trn Quc Chn l thn sinh ra hong hu v li c cng i nh Chim Thnh thng trn my ln.
Nhng v Hong Hu cha c hong t, triu thn phn ra lm 2 ng, mt ng th c Vn Hin Hu
v Trn Khc Chung, xin lp hong t Vng l con b th, lm thi t. Mt ng th c Trn Quc
Chn xin ch cho hong hu c con trai ri s lp thi t.
Sau Vn Hin Hu cho tn Trn Nhc l y t ca Trn Quc Chn mt trm lng vng xi n vu co
cho Quc Chn lm mu phn. Minh Tng bt Quc Chn em giam cha T Phc.
Trn Khc Chung xin vua tr Quc Chn i, ly l rng bt h th d, th h th kh. Minh Tng nghe
li y, cm khng cho Quc Chn n ung g c, n i kht nc qu, Hong Hu phi ly o nhng
xung nc ri mc vo vt ra cho ung. Ung xong th cht. Sau c ngi v l tn Trn Nhc ghen
nhau vi v c, i t co ra s Trn Nhc ly vng v s vu co cho Trn Quc Chn. By gi mi r
ci tnh oan ca mt ngi trung thn.
Minh Tng lm vua n nm t t (1329), th nhng ngi cho thi t Vng, ri v lm Thi Thng
Hong.
Minh Tng Thng Hong va nhng ngi xong, th mn Giang c Mng Ngu Hng lm
lon. Thng Hong phi thn chinh i nh. Ngi Ngu Hng tri Chim Chiu a th n gi
xin hng. Nhng khi o qun Thanh Ha i n ni, th b ngi tri y ra nh, phi thua
chy. Thng hong em i binh tin ln, thanh th lng ly, qun Ngu Hng b chy c vo rng.
Qun gic tuy thua nhng khng tr ht c, mi n nm inh su (1377) tng nh Trn l Hng
Hiu Vng chm c th ng Ngu Hng tri Trnh K, th gic y mi yn.
2. Gic Ai Lao.
Trong khi gic Ngu Hng cn ang quy nhiu, gic Ai Lao li sang nh ph. Nm gip tut (1384)
Minh Tng Thng Hong li phi thn chinh i nh. Sai ng Nguyn Trung Ngn vo Thanh Ha
sung chc Pht Vn S vn lng i trc, Thng Hong em i qun vo sau. Khi i qun
vo n Kim Chu (thuc huyn Tng Dng, Ngh An), qun Ai Lao nghe ting u b chy c.
Thng Hong bn sai ng Nguyn Trung Ngn lm bi bia khc trn ni ghi cng. Bi bia y ch
to bng bn tay, khc vo su mt tc, n nay vn cn.
"Chng nghiu Vn trit Thi thng hong l vua th su i nh Trn, nc Hong Vit chu
mnh tri nht thng ci trung h, trong t ngoi b u cng thn phc. Nc Ai Lao nh mn
kia dm ngnh vng ha; cui ma thu nm t hi vua thn em su qun i tun ci ty, Th t
nc Chim Thnh, nc Chn Lp, nc Tim La v t trng cc do mn l Qu, Cm, Xa, Lc,
t trng r B Man mi ph v cc b Mn Thanh xa u mang phng vt tranh nhau n n
rc. Ch c tn nghch Bng c gi m ti, s phi ti cha li chu ngay. Cui ma ng vua
ng qun cnh ng C, thuc chu Mt, sai cc tng v qun r mi vo tn nc, nghch
Bng theo gi chy trn. Vua mi xung chiu em qun v. Lc by gi l ngy thng chp nhun
nm t hi, nin hiu Khai Hu th 7, khc vo ".
Xem vn t th hnh nh vic Minh Tng Thng Hong i nh Ai Lao tht l hng hch lm, nhng
c s thc th qun ta by gi cha ra khi ci, m gic Ai Lao th cha tr c. Cn nh vic th t
nc Chn Lp v nc Tim La, v.v.... sang chu, th thit tng y l mt li lm vn ca nh lm
bia ni cho trn trng m thi, ch cha chc hp vi s thc.
Nm sau qun Ai Lao li sang cp p Nam Nhung (thuc huyn Tng Dng, tnh Ngh An).
Minh Tng thng hong li ng gi i nh ln na. Ngi sai quan Kinh Lc i S tnh Ngh An
l on Nh Hi lm c ch qun. on Nh Hi khi qun lo hn yu, chc nh l tt c.
n khi em qun n p Nam Nhung qua sng Tit La, chng may phi hm c sng m, b phc
binh ca Lo ra nh, quan qun thua chy c xung sng, cht ui nhiu lm. on Nh Hi cng
cht ui.
Xt ra nc Ai Lao sang quy nhiu t An Nam t i vua Nhn Tng v vua Anh Tng. Quan
qun phi i nh nhiu ln, nhng ln no nh xong th cng ch yn c vi ba nm, ri gic
li sang nh ph. M quan qun c i nh th cng nh cho n ng sang n cp t mnh na
m thi, ch khng c lc no nh chim gi t Lo c. C l l ti t Lo nhiu rng lm ni, phi
sn lam thy chng, ng s xa si, vn ti kh nhc, cho nn qun ta khng c lu. Cn ngi
Lo th h thuc ng s, quen phong th, tin thoi ty tin; thng trn th h tin ln nh, bi trn
th h rt qun i, mnh khng bit u m ui. Bi th cho nn qun ta vn nh c gic m gic
vn cn, thnh ra c phi i nh mi.
------------
60 Bi ny c ngi dch ra nm nh sau: Ngn gio non sng tri my thu Ba qun hng h kh thn
ngu Cng danh nu cn vng n Lung thn tai nghe chuyn V hu
I. Trn D Tng
1. Vic chnh tr
4. Dng Nht L
1. Vic chnh tr
2. S thi c
IV. Trn Ph
2. Tnh th nc Nam
5. L Qu Ly git Hin
3. L Qu Ly chuyn quyn
4. Ngh Tng mt
VI. L Qu Ly mu s thon ot
1. Vic ti chnh
2. Vic hc hnh
3. Vic cai tr
4. Lp Ty
Hin Tng khng c con, Minh Tng thng hong lp ngi em tn l Ho ln lm vua, tc l vua
D Tng.
Trong nhng nm Thiu Phong, l mi my nm u, tuy D Tng lm vua, nhng quyn chnh tr
Minh Tng thng hong quyt on c, cho nn du c phi my nm tai bin mt ma i kh,
nhng vic chnh tr cn c th t. T nm i Tr nguyn nin (1358) tr i, Thng Hong mt ri,
bn cu thn nh ng Trng Hn Siu, ng Nguyn Trung Ngn cng mt c, t vic chnh tr b
tr ni. K gian thn mi ngy mt c ch. ng Chu Vn An l mt nh danh nho thi by gi v ang
lm quan ti triu, thy chnh tr bi hoi, lm s dng ln xin chm by ngi quyn thn. Vua khng
nghe, ng y b quan v ni Ch Linh.
Vua D Tng v sau c ru ch chi bi, xy cung in, o h p ni, ri li cho gi nhng ngi
nh giu vo trong in nh bc. Bt vng hu cng cha phi t chuyn ht tung 62 v bt cc
quan thi nhau ung ru, ai ung ru c mt trm thng th thng cho hai trt.
Chu Nguyn Chng dy binh t T Chu (tnh An Huy), chim gi thnh Kim Lng, ri trong 15
nm dt c nh Nguyn dp yn thin h, dng nn c nghip nh Minh.
Nm mu thn (1368) Minh Thi T sai s a th sang d nc ta, D Tng sai quan L B Th
Lang l o Vn ch sang cng.
Nc Nam ta by gi tuy suy nhc, nhng m nh Minh mi nh xong thin h, cn phi sa sang
vic nc, cha dm n nc mnh, cho nn cng cha c vic g quan trng lm.
Nm inh mi (1367), D Tng sai Trn Th Hng v T Bnh i nh Chim Thnh. Quan qun
i n Chim ng (thuc ph Thng Bnh, tnh Qung Nam) b phc qun ca Chim Thnh nh bt
mt Trn Th Hng, T Bnh em qun chy tr v.
Ngi Chim thy binh th nc Nam suy nhc, c khinh d, cho nn qua nm mu thn (1368)
vua nc Chim cho s sang i t Ha Chu. Vic i Ha Chu ny th s ch chp qua i m thi.
V by gi nc Nam ta, vua D Tng ch lo vic hoang chi, khng tng g n vic V b; m
bn Chim Thnh th c Ch Bng Nga, l mt ng vua anh hng, c nh An Nam ra nhng th
trc. Vy cho nn ht sc tp trn, luyn binh; bt qun lnh phi chu kh nhc cho quen, dn trn
voi cho tin ng lui ti: thng th cho voi i trc xng t, bi th cho voi i sau ngn gi
qun nghch. Nh cch xp t c th t, dng binh c k lut nh th, cho nn qun Chim Thnh t
mnh lm, sau dnh ph thnh Thng Long my ln, lm cho vua ti nh Trn phi knh s my
phen.
Nm k du (1369), vua D Tng mt, khng c con. Triu nh nh lp Cung nh Vng l anh D
Tng ln lm vua, nhng m b Hong Thi Hu nht nh lp ngi con nui ca Cung Tc Vng l
Dng Nht L.
Khi Ngh Tng git Nht L ri, m Nht L chy sang Chim Thnh, xin vua nc y l Ch Bng
Nga em qun sang nh An Nam. Qun Chim vc b vo ca i An, ko ln nh Thng Long.
Quan qun nh khng ni. Ngh Tng phi lnh mnh chy sang ng Ngn ( C Php lng nh
Bng). Qun Chim vo thnh, t sch cung in, bt n b con gi, ly ht cc bu ngc, ri rt
qun v.
Ngh Tng l mt ng vua nhu nhc, vic g cng cho ngi ngoi thch l L Qu Ly quyt on
c.
Nm nhm t (1372) Ngh Tng truyn ngi cho em l Knh, ri v ph Thin Trng lm Thi
Thng Hong.
Du Tng c tnh quyt on hn Ngh Tng, nhng m quyn bnh vn tay Ngh Tng thng hong
c.
By gi qun Chim Thnh c sang quy nhiu mi, vua Du Tng quyt i nh bo th, bn h
chiu luyn tp qun lnh, lm chin thuyn, v tch lng tho phng vic chinh chin, ri t thm
qun hiu, cho Qu Ly lm Tham mu qun s; di t Hoan Chu lm Ngh An, Din Chu lm Din
Chu L, Lm Bnh Ph lm Tn Bnh Ph, ri sai quan bt dn sa sang ng s t Cu Chn
(Thanh Ha) cho n huyn H Hoa (tc l huyn K Anh by gi).
2. S Thi C.
Tuy by gi lo vic v b nhiu, nhng cng khng qun vic vn hc; nm gip dn (1374) m khoa
thi tin s, ly hn 50 ngi cho o mo vinh quy. Trc vn c thi thi hc sinh, n by gi mi i
ra l thi tin s.
Nm bnh thn (1376) qun Chim li sang ph Ha Chu. Du Tng nh thn chinh i nh. nh
thn can khng c. Sai qun dn Thanh Ha, Ngh An, vn ti 5 vn thch lng vo Ho chu, ri
rc Thng Hong ln duyt binh Bch Hc. Nhn nm y vua Chim Thnh l Ch Bng Nga em
sang cng 15 mm vng, qun trn th Ha chu tn l T Bnh ly i, ri dng s v ni rng Ch
Bng Nga ngo mn v l, xin vua c binh sang nh. c tin y, Du Tng quyt i nh; sai Qu
Ly c vn lng thc n ca b Di Lun (thuc huyn Bnh Chnh, Qung Bnh) v t lnh 12 vn
qun, c thy b cng tin; i n ca b Nht L ( lng ng Hi, huyn Phong Lc, Qung Bnh)
ng li mt thng luyn tp s tt.
Quan thng ging nm inh t (1377) mi tin qun vo ca Th Ni (tc l ca Quy Nhn) nh ly
n Thch Kiu v ng K Mang, ri ko qun n nh thnh Bn l Kinh Chim Thnh 63 .
Ch Bng Nga lp n gi ngoi thnh, ri cho ngi sang gi hng ni Ch Bng Nga b thnh
chy trn ri, ch cn c thnh khng m thi, xin tin binh sang ngay. Du Tng ly iu y lm tht,
h lnh truyn tin binh vo thnh. i tng l L can mi vua khng nghe. Khi qun gn n
thnh Bn, qu nhin b qun Chim ra vy nh. Quan qun thua to; Du Tng cht trn,
tng s qun lnh cht mi phn n by tm.
Thng Hong c tin Du Tng cht trn ri, bn lp con Du Tng l Hin ln ni ngi, tc l vua
Ph .
Qun Chim Thnh ph c qun An Nam v git c Du Tng ri, qua thng sau em qun
sang nh Thng Long. Thng hong nghe tin gic n, sai tng ra gi i An hi khu. Gic bit
ch y c phng b, i vo ca Thn Ph (sng Chnh i, thuc huyn Yn M, Ninh Bnh) ri ln
cp ph thnh Thng Long, khng ai chng gi c.
Qun Chim Thnh bit nc Nam suy nhc, c sang cp ph. Nm canh thn (1380) li sang ph
t Thanh Ha, Ngh An. Vua sai L Qu Ly lnh thy binh, T Bnh lnh b binh vo gi Ngu
Giang, huyn Hong Ha (Thanh Ha). L Qu Ly nh ui c qun Chim v. n nm nhm tut
(1382) qun Chim li sang nh t Thanh Ha. L Qu Ly cng vi tng qun Nguyn a
Phng gi bn Thn u (Ninh Bnh). Nguyn a Phng ph c qun Chim, ui nh n
t Ngh An mi thi.
T khi nh c trn Ngu Giang v trn Thn u, qun th An Nam hi ni, cho nn sang thng
ging nm qu hi (1383). Thng hong sai Qu Ly vo n Li B Nng Loan (tc l ca Nng
Loan by gi huyn K Anh, H Tnh) phi bo nh nt mt nhiu thuyn, li phi rt qun v.
2. Tnh Th Nc Nam.
Trong nc by gi dn tnh i kh, nh vua th s gic phi a ca i chn trn ni Thin Kin,
tc l ni Kin Kh, huyn Thanh Lim. ngoi b ci th ngi Chim hay vo nh ch ny, mai
vo ph ch khc, nh nc mi ngy mt hn yu, n ni phi nh n l tng nhn l bn i Nn
Thin S i nh gic Chim.
Thu m th cng ngy cng nng. Trc dn An Nam c phi nh nghch chu thu, sng khng k,
cht khng tr, ai lm lnh, th c i ch phi lm lnh, ch khng bao gi c lm quan. Cn
nhng ngi c in th th phi ng tin, ai khng c g th thi. Khi no c binh s, th nhng ngi
c rung, c ng du, hay l c m c phi chu thc, tin v vi, cho qun dng. n nay gic
gi lun, kho tng trng thc, T Bnh 64 xin vi vua bt mi sut inh mi nm phi ng 3 quan
tin thu. Thu thn sinh ra t y.
Vua Ngh Tng tuy gi quyn chnh tr, nhng vic g cng do L Qu Ly. Triu nh th ch c mt
xu nnh, ngi no cng ch lo ly thn m thi, vic nc an nguy th no khng ai lo ngh n.
Nhng ngi tn tht nh Trn Nguyn n 65
Ngh Tng Thng Hong th c m mt, khng bit ai trung ai nnh, vn tng l L Qu Ly ht lng
vi nh vua, bn cho L Qu Ly gm v c c ch rng: "Vn V Ton Ti, Qun Thn ng
c". L Qu Ly lm th nm dng t.
5. L Qu Ly Mu Git Hin.
By gi Hin thy Thng hong yu dng Qu Ly, mi bn vi cc quan thy rng nu khng tr
i ri sau tt thnh ra v to. Qu Ly bit mu y, n ku van vi Thng hong rng: " C lai ch b
chu nui con, ch cha thy ai b con nui chu bao gi". Thng hong nghe li, xung chiu trch
Hin cn tnh tr con v li c hi k cng thn, lm nguy x tc; vy phi ging xung lm Minh
c i Vng, v lp Chiu nh Vng l con Ngh Tng ln ni ngi.
Khi t chiu y b co ra ngoi, c my ngi tng qun toan a qun vo in cu Hin ra,
nhng vua vit hai ch "gii gip" v khng cho c tri mnh ca Thng hong. Sau Hin b
tht c cht, cn nhng tng s ng mu git Qu Ly u b hi c.
Ngh Tng Thng Hong nghe Qu Ly m git Hin ri lp ngi con t ca mnh l Chiu
nh Vng ln lm vua, tc l vua Thun Tng.
By gi trong triu th L Qu Ly chuyn quyn, chn nhng chn tay cai qun cc i qun lm
vy cnh, ngoi cc trn th gic gi ni ln nhiu lm. Thanh Ha c tn Nguyn Thanh t xng l
Linh c Vng lm lon Lng Giang; tn Nguyn K t xng l L Vng lm lon Nng
Cng. Quc Oai th c ngi s tn l Phm S n ni ln em qun v nh Kinh S. Thng
Hong, Thun Tng v Triu nh phi b chy ln Bc giang. Phm S n ly c Kinh s, ba
ngy ri rt v Quc Oai. By gi c tng qun l Hong Phng Th ng Hong Giang 66
phng gi qun Chim Thnh, nghe tin S n phm t Kinh s mi em qun v nh ln bt c
S n v ph tan gic y.
Qua thng mi mt, qun Chim li vo sng Hong gian, Thng hong sai quan tng l Trn
Kht Chn 67 em binh i chng gi vi gic. Trn Kht Chn khc v ly ri ra i, Thng hong
cng khc. Xem th th bit vua ti nh Trn, by gi ly qun Chim thnh lm khip s lm.
Trn Kht Chn em qun n Hong Giang xem khng c ch no ng qun c tin li, bn rt
v ng sng Hi Triu ( vo a phn Huyn Hng Nhn, tnh Thi Bnh v huyn Tin L, tnh
Hng Yn, tc l sng Luc).
n thng ging nm canh ng (1390) Ch Bng Nga i thuyn n xem hnh th qun ca Trn Kht
Chn. By gi c thng y t ca Ch Bng Nga c ti, s phi git, chy sang hng vi Trn Kht
Chn. Nhn khi Ch Bng Nga em hn 100 chic thuyn n gn tri ca qun nh Trn ng, tn y
t y ch ci thuyn ca Ch Bng Nga cho Kht Chn. Kht Chn mi truyn ly sng bn vo thuyn
y. Ch Bng Nga trng phi n cht.
Quan qun ra nh, qun Chim thy quc vng cht u b chy c. Quan qun nh ui ri ct
ly u Ch Bng Nga em v dng triu nh. Thng Hong thy u Ch Bng Nga, t v mnh nh
Hn Cao T thy u Hng V, rt l vui v. on ri nh cng thng tc cc tng s.
Tng Chim Thnh l La Khi em xc Ch Bng Nga ha tng xong ri, dem qun tr v nc,
chim ly ngi vua Chim Thnh. Hai ngi con Ch Bng Nga phi chy sang hng An Nam, u
c phong tc hu c.
3. L Qu Ly Chuyn Quyn.
T khi gic Chim yn, L Qu Ly cng ngy cng kiu hnh. Bao nhiu nhng ngi m khng
tng phc mnh th xui Thng hong git i; hong t, thn vng u b git hi. M Thng hong
th c tin Qu Ly mt cch l lng. S phu c ngi dng s tu vi Thng hong rng Qu Ly c
mun dm c nghip nh Trn, th Thng hong li a s cho Qu Ly xem, cho nn nhng ngi
trung thn khng ai ni nng g na.
Uy quyn ca Qu Ly mt ngy mt to, vy cnh mt ngy mt nhiu, Thng hong sau tnh dn dn
li bit ly lm s, nhng chm lm ri, th khng sao c na; mi bt ngi v ci tranh t ph
cho Qu Ly. Trong tranh y v ng Chu cng gip vua Thnh Vng, ng Hoc Quang gip vua Chiu
, ng Gia Ct Lng gip vua Hu Ch, ng T Hin Thnh gip vua L Cao Tng, ri bo Qu Ly
rng nh ngi gip con trm cng nn nh th. Mt hm Thng hong gi Qu Ly vo trong in m
bo rng: "Nh ngi l thn tc, cho nn bao nhiu vic nc, trm u y thc cho c; nay quc th
suy nhc, trm th gi ri; ngy sau con trm c nn gip th gip, khng th nh ngi t lm ly".
Thng hong bt chc cu y ca ng Lu B ni vo ng Khng Minh ngy trc, tng mua
chuc c lng Qu Ly.
VI. L Qu Ly Mu S Thon ot
1. Vic Ti Chnh.
2. Vic Hc Hnh.
4. Lp Ty .
L Qu Ly lm ph chnh t xng lm Khm c Hng Lit i Vng, ri sai ngi git Thun
Tng i.
By gi triu nh c nhng ngi nh l Thi Bo Trn Nguyn Hng, Thng tng qun l Trn
Kht Chn lp hi mu tr Qu Ly, chng may s l ra, b git n hn 370 ngi 69 .
L Qu Ly li xng l Quc T Chng Hong, cung Nhn Th, ra vo dng nghi v ca Thin T.
n thng hai nm canh thn (1400) Qu Ly b Thiu ri t xng lm vua thay ngi nh Trn.
Nh Trn lm vua nc Nam ta k t Trn Thi Tng n Trn Thiu , vi 12 ng vua, c 175
nm, cng vic trong nc sa sang c nhiu, chnh tr lut l u chnh n li, hc hnh thi c th
m mang rng thm ra. Li chng vi nh Nguyn gi c giang sn, ly t Chim Thnh m thm
b ci, tht l c cng vi nc Nam. Nhng ch c iu lun thng trong nh th by: c chu, anh
em, trong h c ly ln nhau, tht l tri vi th tc.
Cn nh c nghip nh Trn xiu l ti vua Du Tng v vua Ngh Tng. D Tng th hoang chi,
khng chu lo g n vic nc v li lm lon c cng k n ni dn ngho nc yu. Ngh
Tng th khng bit phn bit hin gian k quyn thn c th lm lon, thnh ra t mnh ni gio
cho gic, t mnh lm hi nh mnh vy.
--------------
68 Hong N l y t nh quan.
( 1400 - 1407 )
I. H Qu Ly
II. H Hn Thng
1. Vic v b
2. S su thu
3. Vic hc hnh
6. Nh Minh nh h H
9. Trn Hm T Quan
10. H H phi bt
I. H Qu Ly(1400)
Qu Ly lm vua cha c mt nm, mun bt chc tc nh Trn, nhng ngi cho con l H Hn
Thng ri lm Thi Thng Hong cng coi vic nc.
1. Vic V B.
H Qu Ly nhng ngi ri, nhng vic g cng quyt on mnh c. H Hn Thng ch lm vua
ly v m thi.
Nh H khng lm vua c bao lu, nhng m cng vic sa sang cng nhiu. Trc ht H Qu Ly
chnh n vic v b: b ngoi tuy ly l m i i vi nh Minh, nhng vn bit nh Minh c
mun dm t An Nam, cho nn thng c hi cc quan rng: " Ta lm th no cho c 100 vn qun
nh gic Bc ?" Bn lp ra h tch bt ngi trong nc c hai tui tr ln th phi bin vo s, ai
m n lu th phi pht. n lc h tch lm xong ri, s ngi t 15 tui n 60 tui hn gp my
phn lc trc. T s qun li thm ra c nhiu.
2. Vic Su Thu.
Nhng thuyn i bun bn u phi chu thu c. Nhng thuyn hng nht mi chic phi 5 quan, hng
nh 4 quan, hng ba 3 quan.
Thu in th ngy trc nh Trn nh thu rung t mi mu ba thng thc, rung du mi mu hoc
9 quan, hoc 7 quan. Thu inh th mi ngi phi ng 3 quan. Nay nh H nh li: rung t in th
phi ng 5 thng; cn rung du th chia ra lm 3 hng: hng nht 5 quan, hng nh 4 quan, hng ba 3
quan. Thu inh th ly rung lm ngch: ai c 2 mu 6 so tr ln th phi ng 3 quan, ai c km s
y c gim bt, ai khng c rung, v nhng ngi c nhi qu ph th c tha thu.
3. Vic Hc Hnh.
Vic hc hnh, thi c u sa sang li, ly ton hc t thm ra mt trng na, ngha l trong nhng
khoa thi, c t thm ra mt k thi ton php. Cn nhng cch thi, th nhng ngi hng thi,
sang nm sau phI vo b L thi li, ai th mi c tuyn b, ri qua nm sau na th li thi hi,
by gi c , th mi c l Thi Hc Sinh.
Khi H Hn Thng mi ln ngi, th cho s sang nh Minh ni di rng: v chng dng di nh Trn
khng cn ngi no na, cho nn chu ngoi ln thay quyn l vic nc.
n khi vua Thi T nh Minh mt, Hong Thi Tn ln ngi tc l vua Hu . By gi hong thc
l Yn Vng L, ng Yn Kinh, quyn to th mnh, c tranh ngi ca chu, bn khi binh nh
ly Kim Lng, ri ln lm vua, tc l vua Thnh T, ng Yn Kinh (Bc Kinh).
Khi Thnh T dp xong d ng nh Nguyn pha bc ri, c mun sang ly nc An Nam, cho
nn nhn khi H Hn Thng sai s sang xin phong, vua Thnh T sai quan l Dng Bt sang xem
h thc th no. H Qu Ly bn bt nhng quan vin ph lo lm t khai ni y nh li s An Nam d
sang ni. V th cho nn Thnh T khng c c g m t chi, phi phong cho H Hn Thng lm An
Nam Quc Vng.
Nm t du (1405) nh Minh sai s sang i t Lc Chu. Trc H Qu Ly khng chu, sau phi
ct ra 59 thn C Lu nhng cho Tu.
H H bit th no ri qun Minh cng sang nh, bn sai p thnh a Bang (by gi x C Php,
huyn Tin Phong, tnh Sn Ty), bt ly g ng cc sng Bch Hc chn ng qun Minh
sang, v chia cc v qun ng ra gi mi ng him yu. on ri hi c ni ngoi bch
quan vn v li bn vic nn nh hay l nn ha. Ngi th bn nh, ngi th bn ha, nhng Qu
Ly nht nh nh.
T khi L tr v Tu, nh H cho s sang dng biu t ti, v xin rc Trn Thim Bnh v. V by
gi Thim Bnh c ku van vi vua nh Minh, xin cho em binh sang nh bo th, v vy nm Bnh
Tut (1406) Minh Thnh T sai c tng l Hn Quan v bn Hong Trung dn 5000 qun a
Thim Bnh v nc.
Khi H Qu Ly c tin y, lin sai tng ln n ca Chi Lng, nh qun Minh, bt c Thim
Bnh em v git i. on ri bit qun Minh tt li sang, mt mt cho s sang bin bch vic Thim
Bnh ni di, v xin theo l ting cng nh c, mt mt cho nhng cng hu c quyn m nhng
ngi o vong lm lnh, t thin h, bch h lm qun nhng lnh m y. V cc ca sng th
ng c li, gi qun gic mt b vo. V pha nam ngn sng Nh H (tc l sng Hng H) th
ng c di hn 700 dm. Li sai dn Bc Giang v Tam i sang lm nh sn pha nam sng ln
phng khi gic n, th b sang bn ny m .
6. Nh Minh nh H H.
Vua nh Minh trc cho hon quan l Nguyn Ton sang An Nam do thm, bit nc ta ph thnh,
c nh ly, cho nn thng c tm chuyn ly c dy binh. Nay nhn vic H Hn Thng
git Thim Bnh, vua Thnh T mi sai Thnh Quc Cng l Chu Nng lm i tng, Tn Thnh Hu
l Trng Ph, Ty Bnh Hu l Mc Thnh, lm t hu ph tng, Phong Thnh Hu l L Bn, Vn
Dng B l Trn Hc lm t hu tham tng, chia binh ra lm hai o sang nh An Nam.
Khi qun nh Minh n Long Chu th i tng Chu Nng cht, ph tng Trng Ph ln thay.
o qun ca Trng Ph Qung Ty i t t Bng Tng sang nh ly ca Ba Ly, tc Nam
Quan by gi, ri tin sang pha ty bc v m sng Ci 70 . Cn o qun ca Mc Thnh Vn
Nam theo ng Mng T sang nh ly ca Ph Lnh ( thuc tnh Tuyn Quang) ri tin sang n
sng Thao. C hai o hi Bch Hc, ng n b sng pha bc.
Tuy rng nh H trc phng b, nhng m tng nh Minh bit rng ngi An Nam khng phc h
H, bn lm hch k ti h H, v ni rng qun Tu sang l lp dng di nh Trn ln, cu cho
dn khi s kh s. Trng Ph sai vit hch y vo nhng mnh vn nh b xung sng, tri n u,
qun s An Nam bt c, nhiu ngi khng nh v theo hng qun Minh; v th cho nn qun Minh
i n u nh c n y. Qun H phi lui v gi thnh a Bang.
ch thnh a Bang, qun H lp n i lin tip pha nam sng Thao v sng Ci tc l dc sng
Hng H, ri ng cc cm gia sng, thuyn b khng i li c, c cho qun Minh mi mt
ri s nh.
Qun Minh tin ln mt c thnh a Bang ngn tr. Mc Thnh mi bn vi Trng Ph rng: "Mi
ni n An Nam ng gn b sng, qun sang khng c, cn thnh a Bang th ly cao ho su,
nhng ng trc c bi ct, qun c th sang y c, v ta c chin c, nu nh th tt thnh
y phi ". Trng Ph bn h lnh rng: "Qun kia trng cy c thnh ny, m ta lp cng cng ;
h qun s ai ln c trc th c thng to !" Ri ngay m hm y t la thi t v lm hiu,
Trng Ph, Hong Trung nh mt ty bc, Mc Thnh, Trn Tun nh mt ng nam, dng thang
vn th ln thnh; qun H nh khng c phi lui vo thnh, n sng hm sau o thnh cho
voi ra nh. Qun Minh v s t trm ln nga ri xng vo v dng sng bn hng lm, voi s chy
tr vo, qun Minh theo sau voi chy vo thnh, qun H thua to, phi b chy vo Hong Giang 71
. Qun Minh tha th nh trn xung sng Ci, t sch c cc n i, ri tin ln nh ly ng
(tc l Thng Long), bt n b con gi, cp ly ca ci. Bn Trng Ph tch tr lng thc, t
quan lm vic, nh k lu di.
Qua thng ba nm inh hi (1407) Mc Thnh bit rng con trng H Qu Ly l H Nguyn Trng
ng Hong Giang, bn em thy lc cng tin ln n h tri sng Mc Phm ( lng Mc Phm,
huyn Ph Xuyn tip vi Hong Giang).
( lng Trn X, huyn Ch Linh, Hi Dng) chy v ca Mun Hi cng vi Nguyn Trng tm
k ph gic; nhng qun Minh sc n, li b chy ra gi ca i An (thuc ph Ngha Hng by
gi).
9. Trn Hm T Quan.
Xem cng vic ca H Qu Ly lm th khng phi l mt ngi tm thng, nhng tic thay mt ngi
c ti kinh t nh th, m gi s c gip nh Trn cho c thy chung, th du gic Minh c th mnh
n u i na, cng cha hu d cp c nc Nam, m mnh li c ci ting thm li
nghn thu. Nhng v ci lng tham xui khin, h c th lc l sinh ra bng mun tranh quyn, cp
nc. Bi th H Qu Ly mi lm s thon ot, v nh Minh mi c ci c m sang nh ly nc
An Nam. Cng v ci c y, cho nn lng ngi mi b h H m em theo gic, n ni cha con
h H thua chy, b bt, phi em thn i chu nhc t nc ngi!
---------------
70 S chp l Ph Lng.
71 Hong Giang tc l khc sng Hng H thuc v huyn Nam Xang tnh H Nam.
72 Bn Bnh Than l bn ngang t lng Bnh Than, Gia Bnh, Bc Ninh qua sng Thi Bnh sang
lng Trn X hu ngn sng Kinh Thy, thuc ph Nam Sch, Hi Dng.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn III : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Thng Nht)
PIII-Chng 12
Nh Hu Trn
( 1407 - 1413 )
2. Gin nh
3. Trn B C
4. Trn Qu Khoch
6. Ha Chu tht th
Du ngi Tu c lng v ngha m sang gip mnh na th ngh cng chng v vang g ci vic i nh
ngi ta, hung chi k thc th lc no chng cng chc nh la mnh, nh nh la tr con, bp
c mnh, th m ngi mnh vn khng bit ci di, l ti lm sao?
Vua nh Minh li truyn cho Trng Ph tm kim nhng ngi n dt sn lm, nhng k c ti c
c, hay vn hc rng, quen vic, hiu ton php, ni nng hot bt cng nhng ngi hiu , nhng
ngi lc in m mt mi khi ng, hoc c gn sc kho mnh, nhng ngi thy , thy bi, thy
thuc, v.v.... a sang Kim Lng, ban thng cho phm hm, ri cho v lm quan ph, quan chu,
hay l quan huyn. By gi nhng bn cnh tranh nhau m ra, duy ch c vi ngi nh ng Bi
ng u, ng L T Cu bit lim s, khng chu ra lm quan vi nh Minh.
Cng vic xp t u vo y ri. L Ngh v Hong Phc li trn t Giao Ch, cn Trng Ph
v Mc Thnh em qun v Tu, a a An Nam v dng vua nh Minh.
By gi tuy rng nh Minh chim gi t An Nam, nhng con chu nh Trn cn c ngi mun
khi phc nghip c, v nc ta cn c nhiu ngi khng mun lm n l nc Tu, cho nn nh Hu
Trn li hng khi ln c my nm na.
2. Gin nh (1407 - 1409).
Khi trc Trng Ph treo bng gi con chu nh Trn l gi di chc git hi, cho nn khng ai
dm ra. By gi c Gin nh Vng tn l Qu, con th vua Ngh Tng chy n M (thuc lng
Yn M, huyn Yn M, Ninh Bnh) gp Trn Triu C em chng i theo, bn xng l Gin nh
Hong , ni nghip nh Trn, t nin hiu l Hng Khnh.
Ging nh khi ngha chng vi qun Minh, nhng v qun mnh l qun mi gp nht c, nh
khng ni, phi thua chy vo Ngh An; by gi c ng Tt l quan nh Trn, trc ra hng nh
Minh c lm i tri chu Ha Chu, nay thy Gin nh khi ngha, lin git quan nh Minh
i, ri em qun ra Ngh An gip vic khi phc. Li t ng Triu c Trn Nguyt H cng
khi binh nh qun nh Minh, nhng chng c bao lu m phi bt, cn d ng chy vo Ngh An
theo vua Gin nh. V vy cho nn qun th ca Gin nh mi mnh ln. ng ng Tt li git c
hng tng nh Minh l Phm Th Cng ca Nht L. Lc by gi t An Nam t Ngh An tr vo
li thuc v nh Trn.
3. Trn B C.
Thng chp nm mu t (1408) Gin nh hi tt c qun Thun Ha, Tn Bnh, Ngh An, Din
Chu, Thanh Ha, ri tin ra nh ng . Qun ra n Trng Sn (Ninh Bnh) th cc quan thuc
v nhng k ho kit cc ni ra theo nhiu lm.
Quan nh Minh em tin y v bo cho Minh bit. Minh sai Mc Thnh em 4 vn qun Vn
Nam sang nh dp. Mc Thnh cng vi cc quan chng l L Ngh vo n bn B C (thuc
x Hiu C, huyn Phong Doanh) th gp qun Trn. Hai bn giao chin, vua Gin nh t cm trng
thc qun, tng s ai ny ht sc xung t, ph tan c qun nh Minh, chm c L Ngh trn
tin v ui Mc Thnh v n thnh C Lng (thnh nh Minh xy, by gi lng Bnh Cch, huyn
Yn).
Gic nc hy cn, m vua ti nghi hoc nhau, ri em git hi nhng ngi c lng v nc, tht
l t mnh gy nn ci v cho mnh.
By gi con ng ng Tt l ng Dung v con ng Nguyn Cnh Chn l Nguyn Cnh D thy thn
ph b git, u b vua Gin nh, em qun bn b v Thanh Ha rc vua Qu Khoch vo huyn
Chi La (tc l huyn La Sn, H Tnh) ri tn ln lm vua, t nin hiu l Trng Quang.
Lc y vua Gin nh ng chng nhau vi qun nh Minh thnh Ng Thin (thuc huyn Hng
Nhn). Qu Khoch sai tng l Nguyn Sy ra nh ln bt em v Ngh An. Qu Khoch tn Gin
nh ln lm Thi Thng Hong cng lo vic khi phc.
Vua nh Minh thy Mc Thnh bi binh, li sai Trng Ph lm thng binh, Vng Hu lm ph em
binh sang cu vin.
Khi Trng Ph sang n ni, tin binh nh ui, Gin nh em binh thuyn chy v n huyn M
Lng (gip Sn Ty v ph Nho Quan) gp qun Trng Ph ui n bt c gii v Kim Lng.
Trc Qu Khoch my ln cho ngi sang Tu cu phong, Minh khng cho, em git s thn
i. Nay Qu Khoch li sang Nguyn Biu ra cu phong vi Trng Ph . Trng Ph bt gi khng
cho v. Nguyn Biu gin mng Trng Ph rng: " Chng bay trong bng th ch lo ng chim gi,
ngoi mt li ging ting em qun nhn ngha i nh dp; trc th ni sang lp h Trn, sau li
t qun huyn cai tr, ri tm k v vt ca ci, c hip sinh dn; chng bay tht n cp
hung ngc !" Trng Ph tc gin em git i.
Trng Ph nht nh vo nh cho c, ni rng: " Ta sng cng t Ha Chu ny, m cht cng
t Ha Chu ny. Ha Chu m khng ly c th khng mt mi no v trng thy cha thng !"
Lp tc truyn cho qun thy b tin vo nh Ha Chu.
T khi thua trn y ri, Trn Qu Khoch th yu qu khng th chng vi qun gic c na, phi
vo n np trong rng ni. Chng c bao lu Trn Qu Khoch, Nguyn Cnh D, ng Dung,
Nguyn Sy u b bt, v phi gii v Yn Kinh c. i n gia ng, Qu Khoch nhy xung b
t t, bn ng ng Dung cng t tit c.
Cha con ng ng Dung u ht lng gip nc ph vua, tuy khng thnh cng c, nhng ci lng
trung lit ca nh h ng cng lm cho ngi i sau tng nh n, bi vy hin nay cn c n
th huyn Can Lc, tnh H Tnh.
ng ng Dung c lm bi th thut hoi nh sau ny, m ngy nay cn c nhiu ngi vn truyn
tng:
Th s du du ni lo h !
S kh anh hng m hn a
Tr ch hu hoi ph a trc
Ty binh v l vn thin h
Dch:
Vic i bi ri tui gi vay
Th tr cha xong u bc
( 1414 - 1427 )
2. Vic t t
3. Cch n mc
4. S hc hnh
8. Vic thu m
9. Vic su dch
10. Quan li
Trng Ph ly c chu Thun Ha v chu Tn Bnh ri, lm s bin s dn inh hai chu y,
t quan cai tr v qun binh li phng gi ch gip gii nc Chim Thnh. n htng 8 nm
gip ng (1414) Trng Ph v Mc Thnh v Tu, em nhng n b con gi v rt nhiu.
Bn Hong Phc li sa sang cc vic trong nc khin cho ngi An Nam ng ha vi ngi
Tu. Lp ra n miu, bt ngi mnh cng t theo tc bn Tu, ri t cch n mc cho ch s hc
hnh, vic g cng bt theo nh ngi Tu c. Cn ci g l di tch ca nc mnh nh l sch v th
thu nht em v Tu ht sch. Li t ra thu l, b thm su dch ly tin ca, lm cho dn ta by
gi phi nhiu iu kh nhc
2. Vic T T.
Hong Phc bt cc ph, chu, huyn phi lp vn miu v lp bn th bch thn, x tc, sn xuyn,
phong vn bn ma t t.
3. Cch n Mc.
Bt con trai con gi khng c ct tc, n b con gi th phi mt o ngn qun di theo nh ngi
Tu c.
4. S Hc Hnh.
Quan nh Minh bt m nh hc cc ph, chu, huyn, ri chn nhng thy m dng, thy thuc, thy
cha, o s, ai gii ngh g th lm cho quan dy ngh y.
Vua nh Minh li xung ch truyn ly Ng Kinh, T Th v b Tnh L i Ton, sai quan a sang
ban cp cho ngi An Nam hc cc chu huyn, ri li sai thy tng v o s Tng o Ti 73 , i
truyn ging o Pht v o Lo. Cn bao nhiu sch v ca nc Nam, t nh Trn v trc th thu
ly c ri em v Kim Lng.
C theo sch Lch Triu Hin Chng Vn Tch Ch ca ng Phan Huy Ch th nhng sch ca nc
Nam m Tu ly v l nhng sch ny:
- Kha H Tp 1 quyn
- Ng Thi 1 quyn
- C Cu Lc 1 quyn
- Thi Tp 1 quyn
- Thi Tp 1 quyn
- Thi Tp 1 quyn
- Tiu n Thi 1 tp
- Sm Lu Tp, ca Uy Vn Vng Trn Quc Toi 1 quyn
- Vit Nam Th Ch 1 b
- Vit S Cng Mc 1 b
- i Vit S K, ca L Vn Hu 30 quyn
Nhng sch y by gi khng bit mt u c, khng thy quyn no na, tht l mt ci thit hi cho
ngi nc mnh.
Vic in h An Nam by gi phi theo nh l bn Tu. Nhng dn inh trong nc, th ai cng phi
c mt ci giy bin tn tui v hng qun lc no c khm hi th phi a ra. Ci giy y bin
theo nh trong quyn s ca quan gi. H giy ca ai m khng hp nh trong s th ngi y phi
bt i lnh.
Khi no quyn s y xong ri, th bin ra lm 4 bn, mt bn c ba vng, cho nn gi l hong sch
gi v b H, cn 3 bn ba xanh, th b chnh ti, ph v huyn, mi ni mt bn.
8. Vic Thu M.
9. Vic Su Dch.
Tr nhng quan li bn Tu sang cai tr ra khng k, nhng ngi An Nam nh nhng tn Nguyn
Hun, Lng Nh Ht, Duy Trung theo hng nh Minh, kho ng xu nnh, c lm quan to, li
cng th ca gic, lm nhng iu tn bo hung c hn ngi Tu. V, trong nhng lc bin lon nh
th, th nhng tham tn gian c, khng c ngha kh, khng bit lim s, li cng c ch lm, cho
nn dn tnh cc kh, lng ngi su on. Cng v l y, c nhiu k tc gin ni ln nh ph, lm
cho trong nc khng lc no c yn n.
------------
( 1418 - 1427 )
2. V Ch Linh ln th nht
3. V Ch Linh ln th hai
4. Bnh nh Vng v ng L Sn
6. Nguyn Tri
8. V Ch Linh ln th ba
11. Vy thnh Ty
22. T Bnh Ng i Co
T khi nh Minh sang cai tr An Nam, dn ta ph?i kh nhc trm ng, ting oan khng ku ra c,
lng tc gin ngm ngha trong tm can, ch mong mi ra cho khi ng than la. May lc y c mt
ng anh hng ni ln, ko c ngha chng vi gic Minh, trong 10 nm y li c giang sn c,
v xy p li nn c lp cho nc Nam.
ng anh hng y, ngi lng Lam Sn, huyn Thy Nguyn, ph Thiu Ha, tnh Thanh Ha, h L,
tn l Li. my i lm ngh canh nng, nh vn giu c, li hay gip cho k ngho kh, cho
nn mi ngi u phc, v nhng ti t c c hng nghn ngi. ng L Li khng khi, c ch ln,
quan nh Minh nghe ting, d cho lm quan, nhng ng khng chu khut, thng ni rng: " Lm
trai sinh trn i, nn gip nn ln, lp cng to, ting thm mun i, ch sao li chu bo bo lm
y t ngi ta!" Bn giu ting ch sn lm, n mi nhng k ho kit, chiu tp nhng k lu
vong.
n ma xun nm mu tut (1418) i vua Thnh T nh Minh, nin hiu Vnh Lc th 16, ng L
Li cng vi tng l L Thch, L Liu khi binh ni Lam Sn, t xng l Bnh nh Vng, ri
truyn hch i gn xa k ti nh Minh r ci mc nh ca mnh khi ngha nh k th ca nc.
Vic nh gic Minh tuy l thun lng ngi v hp l cng bng, nhng m th lc ca Bnh nh
Vng lc u cn km lm, tng s th t, lng thc khng . Du c dng k nh c i ba
trn, nhng vn khng c sc m chng gi vi qun nghch, cho nn phi v ni Ch Linh 74
ba ln, v phi nguy cp my phen, tht l gian trun vt v. Sau nh hng phc nc Nam, Bnh nh
Vng ly c t Ngh An, ri t mi c th vy vng, nh ra mt Bc, ly li c giang sn
nc nh.
2. V Ch Linh Ln Th Nht.
Khi quan nh Minh l M K Ty , nghe tin Bnh nh Vng ni ln ni Lam Sn, lin em
qun n nh. Vng sang ng ni Lc Thy (Cm Thy, ph Qung Ha) i qun Minh. n
khi qun M K n, phc binh ca Vng ra nh, ui c qun nghch, nhng v th yu lm
chng gi khng ni, Vng phi b v con gic bt c, em bi binh chy v ng ni Ch
Linh.
3. V Ch Linh Ln Th Hai.
Quan nh Minh bit rng Ch Linh l ch Bnh nh Vng lui ti, bn em binh n vy nh. Vng
b vy nguy cp lm, mi hi cc tng rng: C ai lm c nh ngi K Tn ngy trc chu cht
thay cho vua Hn Cao khng? By gi c ng L Lai liu mnh v nc, xin mc thay o ng bo ci
voi ra trn nh nhau vi gic. Qun nh Minh tng l Bnh nh Vng tht, xm nhau li vy nh,
bt c git i ri rt qun v Ty .
Vng nh c ng L Lai chu b mnh cu cha, mi trn thot c nn ln, ri mt mt cho ngi
sang Ai Lao cu cu, mt mt thu nht nhng tn qun v ng L Sn ( pha ty chu Quan Ha).
Ngay nm y, Ngh An c quan tri ph l Phan Liu lm phn nh Minh; H Hng c Trnh Cng
Chng, L Hnh; Khoi Chu c Nguyn c; Hong Giang c Nguyn a Cu, Trn Nhu;
Thy ng c L Ng, ni ln lm lon, qun nh Minh phi i nh dp cc ni cho nn Bnh nh
Vng vng Thanh Ha cng c nhn dp m dng uy sc nhu.
6. Nguyn Tri.
ng Nguyn Tri l con ng Bng Nhn Nguyn Phi Khanh. i nh H, ng thi tin s (1400).
Khi ng Nguyn Phi Khanh b nh Minh bt v Kim Lng, ng theo khc, ln n ca Nam Quan
khng chu tr li. ng Phi Khanh bo rng: " Con phi tr v m lo tr th cho cha, ra thn cho
nc, ch i theo khc lc m lm g ? " T ng tr li, ngy m lo vic phc th. Nay ra gip
Bnh nh Vng, by mu nh k lo s bnh nh.
ang khi hai bn cn i ch, c ba vn ngi Lo gi xng sang lm vin binh cho Bnh nh
Vng. Vng khng bit l di, qun Lo na m ko n nh, tng ca Vng l L Thch b
tn bn cht. Nhng m qun ta gi vng n tri, qun Lo phi li v.
8. V Ch Linh Ln Th Ba.
T khi Bnh nh Vng em binh v Ch Linh, lng thc mt ngy mt km, trong hai thng tri
qun s phi n rau n c c bao nhiu voi nga lm tht n ht c. Tng s mi mt, u mun ngh
ngi, xin Vng hy tm ha vi gic. Vng bt c d sai L Trn i xin ha. Quan nh Minh by
gi thy nh khng li, cng thun cho ha.
Nm gip thn (1424) Bnh nh Vng hi cc tng bn k tin th. Quan thiu y l L Chch ni
rng: " Ngh An l t him yu, t rng ngi nhiu, nay ta hy vo ly Tr Long (ph Tng
Dng) ri h thnh Ngh An, lm ch tr chn , nhin hu s quay tr ra nh ly ng , nh
th thin h c th bnh c."
T khi Bnh nh Vng khi ngha cho n gi, nh vi qun nh Minh nhiu phen, c thua
tri qua my trn, nhng quan nh Minh vn ly lm khinh thng, cho nn khng tu v cho Minh
Triu bit. By gi Hong Phc v Tu ri, vua nh Minh sai Binh B Thng Th l Trn Hip sang
thay.
Trn Hip thy Bnh nh Vng ly c chu Tr Long, thanh th lng ly, bn vi vng lm s tu
cho vua nh Minh bit. Minh mi xung chiu trch mng bn Trn Tr, Phng Ch, bt phi dp
ngay cho yn gic y. Bn Trn Tr s hi em c thy b, cng tin ln nh Bnh nh Vng.
Vng sai inh Lit em 1.000 qun i ung tt ra gi Gia 77 , cn Vng th em c tng s
n mn thng du t Kh Lu bc ngn sng Lam Giang (thuc huyn Lng Sn), ri tm ch
him yu phc binh i qun Minh.
Khi qun Minh n Kh Lu, Vng bn sai ngi ban ngy th ko c nh trng, ban m th bt
t la lm nghi binh, ri cho binh sang bn kia sng phc sn. Sng hm sau qun Minh tin ln b
phc binh bn mt ra nh, tng nh Minh l Chu Kit phi bt, Hong Thnh phi chm, cn
qun s b chy c. Trn Tr phi thu qun v gi thnh Ngh An.
Thng ging nm t t (1425) Vng em binh v nh thnh Ngh An, i n lng a Li huyn
Th Du (by gi l huyn Thanh Chng) dn s a tru a ru ra n rc, gi tr u ni rng:
khng ng ngy nay li thy uy nghi nc c. By gi li c quan tri ph Ngc ma (ph Trn nh) l
Cm Qu em binh m v gip.
Vng bn xung lnh rng: "Dn ta lu nay phi kh s v chnh tr bo ngc ca ngi Tu,
qun ta i n u cm khng c xm phm n cht g ca ai. Nhng go thc tru b m khng
phi l ca ngi nh Minh th khng c ly". on ri, phn binh i nh ly cc ni, i n u
cc quan chu huyn ra hng c, u tnh nguyn i nh thnh Ngh An. Vng bn em qun v vy
thnh; qun Minh ht sc gi gn khng dm ra nh.
ng khi vy nh Ngh An, tng nh Minh l L An ng Quan em qun i dng b vo
cu. Qun ca Trn Tr trong thnh cng ra nh, Vng nh qun Minh n ca sng Gia,
ri dng phc binh nh tan qun gic. Trn Tr b chy v ng Quan, cn L An vo gi thnh,
Vng li em qun v vy thnh.
11. Vy Thnh Ty .
n thng nm, Vng sai quan T Khng l inh L em binh i nh Din Chu, inh L i va
n ni, th gp tng nh Minh l Trng Hng em 300 chic thuyn lng ng Quan mi vo,
qun trong thnh ra tip, b phc binh ca inh L nh ui. Bao nhiu thuyn lng inh L cp
ly c c, ri ui Trng Hng ra n Ty . Bnh nh Vng c tin y lin sai L St v
Lu Nhn Ch em binh ra tip ng inh L. inh L nhn dp tin ln vy thnh Ty .
Qua thng by, Vng sai quan T Trn Nguyn Hn 78 , Thng Tng L N em hn mt
nghn qun vo ly chu Tn Bnh v chu Thun Ha. i n B Chnh th gp tng nh Minh l
Nhm Nng, hai bn nh nhau, qun nh Minh b phc binh nh chy tan c. By gi li c o thy
qun ca L Ngn em hn 70 chic thuyn i ng b vo, Trn Nguyn Hn lin em c thy b
tin ln nh h c hai thnh y, m thm my vn tinh binh a ra nh mt bc.
T y binh th ca Bnh nh Vng mt ngaymt mnh, cc tng tn ngi ln lm "i Thin Hnh
Ha", ngha l thay tri lm mi vic.
Nm bnh ng (1426) Vng thy tinh binh ca nh Minh c Ngh An, ngoi ng khng c
bao nhiu ngi, bn sai L Trin, Phm Vn Xo, Trnh Kh, B ra nh Quc Oai, Qung Oai,
Gia Hng, Qu Ha, Giang, Tam i (Bch Hc), Tuyn Quang chn ng vin binh Vn
Nam sang. Sau Lu Nhn Ch v Bi B ra nh Thin Trng, Kin Xng, Tn Hng, Thng hng
(Bnh Giang), H Hng (Ninh Giang), Bc Giang, Lng Giang chn ng vin binh Lng
Qung sang. Li sai inh L, Nguyn X em binh i thng ra nh ng Quan.
Quan tham tng nh Minh l Trn Tr em binh ra ng Ninh Kiu 79 (pha ty ph Giao Chu) v
ng Thin (?) chng gi; qun L Trin n nh, Trn Tr thua chy v ng pha ty sng
Ninh Giang (khc trn sng y). Cht c tin bo rng c hn mt vn qun Vn Nam sang cu. L
Trin s hai o qun ca Minh hp li th kh nh, bn bo Phm Vn Xo em hn mt nghn
ngi i n chn ng qun Vn Nam; cn mnh th cng vi B em qun n nh Trn Tr.
Trn Tr thua chy; bn L Trin ui n lng Nhn Mc bt c tng nh Minh l Vi Lng, chm
c hn 1.000, ri li quay tr v Ninh Giang hp binh vi Vn Xo nh qun Vn Nam.
Phm Vn Xo n cu Xa Lc (?) th gp qun Vn Nam sang, nh mt trn, qun nghc thua chy v
gi thnh tam giang.
Bnh nh Vng nghe tin y, lin sai L Ngn, L Vn An, L Bi, L Thn, L Vn Linh li vy
thnh Ngh An; Vng t em i qun c thy b Phng Chnh ra bc. Ra n Thanh Ha, Vng
em binh vo nh thnh Ty , nhng qun Minh gi vng thnh tr nh khng c, Vng em
qun n ng Li Giang.
Bn L Trin tha thng tin ln nh o qun Phng Chnh. Nhng Phng Chnh thy M K
thua cng rt qun lui, ri cng M K v hi vi Phng Thng bn C S.
Vng Thng liu tt th no qun An Nam cng n nh, bn phc binh v phng b trc c. Cht
c qun ca L Trin n. Qun Minh gi ra nh ri b chy, nh qun ta v ch him c chng st.
i n y, voi xo phi chng i khng c, ri li c phc binh ra nh, L Trin thua chy v
gi Cao B ( vng Chng c, M Lng) v cho ngi v Thanh m (tc l huyn Thanh Tr
by gi) gi bn inh L v Nguyn X n cu.
inh L v Nguyn X em 3.000 qun v hai con voi lp tc m hm y n Cao B, ri phn binh
ra phc sn Ty ng (thuc huyn M Lng) v Chc ng (thuc huyn Chng c) 80 .
Cht bt c tn thm t ca qun Minh, tra ra th bit rng qun Vng Thng ng Ninh Kiu, c
mt o qun i ln ra ng sau qun L Trin nh tp hu, i qun sang ch ch lc no
nghe sng th hai mt li cng nh.
Vng lin tin binh ra Thanh m, ri mt mt sai Trn Nguyn Hn em 100 chic thuyn i theo
sng Lung Giang (?) 81 ra ca Ht Giang (ca sng y thng vi sng Ci) ri thun dng sng Nh
H xung ng bn ng B u ; mt mt sai bn Bi B em hn 1 vn qun i ln ra ng Ty
Dng Kiu (?), Vng t dn i qun n h tri gn thnh ng Quan. Qun Minh gi trong
thnh khng ra nh, bao nhiu chin thuyn th Vng ly c c.
Nhng c trong Vit S th qun ca L Trin v inh L chng qua ch c my nghn ngi m thi,
lm th no m ph c hn 10 vn qun tinh binh ca Vng Thng ? V li s chp rng nh trn
Ty ng qun An Nam git c hn 5 vn qun Minh, li bt c hn 1 vn ngi, nh th chng
ha ra qun Minh hn lm ru! E rng nh lm s c thin v, cho nn s thc khng c r lm.
Nhng du thc h th no mc lng, i khi trn Ty ng l mt trn nh nhau to, m Vng
Thng th thua, phi rt qun v gi thnh ng Quan ri b vy, cn Bnh nh Vng th ra bc thu
phc cc chu huyn. Vic y chc l tht c.
15. Vy Thnh ng .
C theo sch "Lch Triu Hin Chng a D Ch" ca ng Phan Huy Ch th nhng trn Tam Giang,
Tuyn Quan, Hng Ha, Gia Hng thuc v Ty o; nhng trn Thng Hng, H Hng, Thng
Sch, H Sch cng vi l An Bang thuc v ng o; nhng trn Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn thuc v
Bc o; nhng l Khoi Chu, L Nhn, Tn Hng, Kin Xng, Thin Trng thuc v Nam o.
Vng Thng ng Quan c b thua mi, liu th nh khng c na, mun bi binh v Tu,
nhng s mang ting, bn lc t chiu ca vua nh Minh, nin hiu Vnh Lc (1407), ni v vic tm
con chu h Trn, ri cho ngi ra ni vi Bnh nh Vng tm ngi dng di h Trn lp ln,
xin bi binh.
Vng ngh nh nhau mi, trong nc tn hi, dn tnh kh s, bn y theo li Vng Thng. Nhn lc
by gi c ngi tn l H ng trn Ngc Ma, xng l chu ba i vua Ngh Tng, vng bn cho
ngi i n H ng v i tn l Trn Cao, lp nn lm vua, m Vng th xng lm V Quc Cng
cu phong vi nh Minh, cho chng xong vic.
Vng Thng cho ngi a th ra xin ha, v xin cho em ton qun v nc. Bnh nh Vng
thun cho, nh ngy Vng Thng gi qun cc ni v hi ti ng , ri v Tu. Vic nh
nh th, nhng m by gi c my ngi An Nam theo nh Minh, nh nhng tn Trn Phong, Lng
Nh Ht, s rng qun Minh v th mnh phi git, bn ly chuyn M Nhi ngy trc can Vng
Thng ng rt qun v. Vng Thng nghe li, b ngoi tuy ni ha, nhng b trong sai ngi o
ho, rc chng, ri cho ngi i ln em th v Tu cu cu.
Bnh nh Vng bt c ngi a th, gin lm, khng giao thng vi qun Minh na, ri sai L
Quc Hng nh thnh iu Diu (huyn Gia Lm, Bc Ninh) v thnh Th Kiu (tc l Th Cu thuc
huyn V Giang, Bc Ninh); Trnh Kh v L Khuyn nh thnh Tam Giang (tc l Tam i, nay l
huyn Bch Hc); L St v L Th nh thnh Xng Giang ( tc l Ph Lng Thng by gi); Trn
Lu, L Bi nh thnh K n. Chng bao lu nhng thnh y u ly c c.
Thng ging nm inh mi (1427), Bnh nh Vng tin qun ln ng ch B , pha bc sng
Nh H, ri sai tng nh thnh ng Quan: Trnh Kh nh ca ng, inh L nh ca Nam, L
Cc nh ca Ty, L Trin nh ca Bc.
Qun nh Minh mt ngy mt km, tng nh Minh gi thnh Ngh An v thnh Din Chu l bn Thi
Phc v Tit T u ra hng c. Bnh nh Vng li sai Li B Thng Th l ng Nguyn Tri, lm
hch i khuyn tng s cc ni v hng.
Nhng cng v thy qun Minh yu th, c khinh nh cho nn qun ta mt hai vin i tng.
Trc th L Trin ng T Lim, khng cn thn, b qun ca Phng Chnh n nh ln git mt;
sau Vng Thng ng Quan em binh ra nh L Nguyn Ty Ph Lit (thuc huyn Thanh Tr),
Vng sai inh L v Nguyn X em 500 qun i cu. i n M ng (thuc Hong Mai, huyn
Thanh Tr) gp qun Minh, hai bn nh nhau. Vng Thng thy qun inh L c t, bn vy li nh
bt c inh L v Nguyn X. Nguyn X trn i c, cn inh L b git.
Nhng v con gia quyn ca nhng ngi ra lm quan vi gic, th c php theo l, ly tin m
chuc 82 ; cn nhng qun lnh nh Minh hng th a v Thin Trng, Kin Xng, L Nhn,
Tn Hng nui nng t t.
V li d rng nhng qun lnh ngy thng c ti khng c git cn, tr lc no ra trn m tri
qun lnh th mi theo php m thi hnh.
Cn qun lnh, th h nghe mt ting sng m khng c ting ching, th cc tng hiu phi n dinh
nghe lnh; h nghe hai ba ting sng v hai ba ting ching y l c vic cnh cp, quan chp lnh phi
sp hng ng, cn quan thiu y th n dinh m nghe lnh; h n lc lm trn m li hoc l b
nhng ngi sau khng cu, th phi ti chm, nhng gin hoc c ai khng may cht trn m mnh
ht sc mang c xc ra th khi ti.
i khi k lut trong qun ca Bnh nh Vng nh th, cho nn i u, dn gian knh phc lm.
T khi qun Minh thua trn Ty ng, Trn Hip b git, Vng Thng cho ngi v tu vi Minh
xin thm binh. Minh tht kinh, lin sai Chinh L Ph Tng Qun An Vin Hu l Liu Thng,
Tham Tng Bo nh B l Lng Minh, c l Thi T, Binh B Thng Th l L Khnh,
Cng B Thng Th l Hong Phc, Hu B Chnh S l Nguyn c Hun, em 10 vn qun, hai
vn nga, i ng Qung Ty sang nh ca Ba Ly, by gi l thng chp nm bnh ng (1427). Li
sai Chinh Nam i Tng Qun Kim Quc Cng l Mc Thnh, Tham Tng Anh Hng B l T
Hanh, Ty Ninh B l m Trung i ng vo Vn Nam sang nh ca L Hoa.
Khi cc tng nghe vin binh ca qun Minh sp n, nhiu ngi khuyn Vng nh ngay ly thnh
ng Quan tuyt ng ni ng, nhng Vng khng nghe, bo rng: "Vic nh thnh l h sch,
nay ta hy c dng binh sc nhuu i qun ch n th ra nh. H vin qun m thua, th qun
trong thnh tt phi ra hng. Th c phi lm mt vic m thnh c hai khng?" on ri bt phi
gi gn mi ni cho nghim nht, li bt ngi Lng Giang, Bc Giang, Tam i, Tuyn Quan, Quy
Ha i ch khc, b ng khng trnh qun Minh.
n thng mi (1427) Bnh nh Vng nghe tin qun ca bn Liu Thng sp sang t An Nam,
lin hi cc tng li bn rng: "Qun kia cy kho khinh yu, ly nhiu bt nt t, ch ct nh cho
c, ch khng tng n iu khc. Nay ng xa nghn dm, m i c my ngy, nu ta nhn lc
ngi nga ca chng ang mi mt, ta "d dt i lao", nh l tt c". Bn sai L St, Lu Nhn
Ch, L Linh, inh Lit, L Th em 1 vn qun v 5 con voi ln phc sn ca Chi Lng, i
qun Minh. Li sai L L, L Vn An, em 3 vn qun c lc tc ko ln nh gic.
By gi Trn Lu ang gi ca Ba Ly (Nam Quan) thy qun Minh n, lui v gi Ai Lu; n khi
qun gic n nh Ai Lu, Trn Lu li li v gi Chi Lng, c cch tng on, ch no cng c
n, qun Minh i n u khng ai dm chng gi, ph lun mt lc c nhng my ci n. Liu
Thng c ui trn i. Bnh nh Vng li lm ra b khip s, cho ngi a th sang ni vi
Liu Thng xin lp Trn Cao ln lm vua xin bi binh. Liu Thng tip th khng m ra xem cho
ngi a v Bc Kinh, ri c tin ln nh.
Ngy 18 thng 9, qun Liu Thng n gn ca Chi Lng. L St sai Trn Lu ra nh ri b chy.
Liu Thng mng lm, ch em 100 lnh k ui theo, b i i li sau. ui c mt on, phi
ch bn ly i khng c, phc binh ta ra nh, chm Liu Thng ni o M Pha (by gi l
M Yn Sn, lng Mai Sao, thuc n Chu). Vic y vo ngy 20 thng 9 nm inh mi.
Bnh nh Vng sai qun thy b vy nh, sai Trn Nguyn Hn chn ng ti lng ca qun
Minh, li sai Phm Vn, L Khi, Nguyn X em qun thit i vo nh chm qun Minh c hn
5 vn, bt sng c Hong Phc, Thi T v 3 vn qun. Thi T khng chu hng phi git.
Bnh nh Vng sai a bn Hong Phc v hai ci h ph, hai du i ngn ca quan Chinh L Ph
Tng Qun v ng Quan cho Vng Thng bit.
Vng Thng bit rng vin binh sang b thua ri, s hi qu, vit th xin ha. Vng thun cho,
ri cng vi Vng Thng lp n th pha nam thnh ng Quan, hn n thng chp th em qun
v Tu.
Nhng phng vt l: 1. Hai ngi bng vng thay mnh. 2. Mt l hng bng bc. 3. Mt i
bnh hoa bng bc 4. Ba mi tm lt. 5. Mi bn i ng voi. 6. Mi hai bnh hng trm. 7.
Hai vn nn hng duyn. 8. Hai mi b cy hng trm.
"Khi vua Thi T Cao Hong mi ln ngi, t tin ti l Nht Khu vo triu cng trc nht, by
gi ngi c ban thng, phong cho tc Vng. T nh ti vn ni i gi b ci, khng b thiu
l triu cng bao gi.
Mi ri nhn h H thon nghch, vua Thi Tng Vn Hong qun sang hi ti. Sau khi dp yn
ri, ngi c h chiu tm con chu h Trn gi ly dng di cng t. By gi quan tng binh Trng
Ph tm cha c khp, xin t lm qun huyn.
Nguyn ti lc trc v trong nc c lon, chy trn vo x Lo Qua, cng l mun tm chn yn
thn m thi, khng ng ngi trong nc, vn quen thi mi, nh n n trch nh ti thu trc, li
c p ti phi v, bt c d ti cng phi theo.
Du rng trong khi vi vng, b ngi trong nc c p, nhng cng l ci ti ti khng bit liu x.
Mi y ti c xin li trc hng qun, nhng khng ai chu nghe, by gi ngi nc ti s phi
tai v, lin em nhau ra phng b cc ca i, cng l mt k gi mnh.
Dm xin hong thng ngy nay li theo nh li chiu ca vua Thi Tng Vn Hong , tm ly con
chu h Trn, ngh n ci lng thnh vo triu cng trc nht ca t tin ti ngy xa, m x ci ti
to nh g ni y, khng bt phi ci pht nng bng ba ru, khin cho ti c ni nghip x nam,
gi chc triu cng.
Ti sai ngi thn tn mang t biu t v a tr nhng n tn nhn m ti chn kinh s, nay li xin
tu nhng danh s y"
Vua nh Minh by gi l Tuyn Tng xem biu bit rng gi di, nhng cng mun nhn dp y thi
vic binh, bn a t biu cho qun thn xem, mi ngi u xin ha. Minh sai quan L B Th
Lang l L K a chiu sang phong cho Trn Cao lm An Nam Quc Vng, b ta B Chnh v
trit qun v Tu.
n thng chp nm inh mi, Vng Thng theo li c vi Bnh nh Vng, em b binh qua
sng Nh H, cn thy qun theo sau.
By gi c ngi xui Vng rng: lc trc ngi Minh tn c lm, nn em git c i. Vng ni
rng: " Phc th bo on l ci thng tnh ca mi ngi, nhng ci bn tm ngi c nhn khng
mun git ngi bao gi. V ngi ta hng m li cn git th khng hay. Nu mnh mun tha cn
gin mt lc, m chu ci ting mun i git k hng, th sao bng cho mun vn con ngi sng
m khi c ci mi tranh chin v i sau, li ting thm lu truyn thin c trong s xanh".
Vng khng git ngi Minh li cp cho thy qun 500 chic thuyn giao cho Phng Chnh v M
K qun lnh; cp lng tho cho lc qun giao cho Sn Th, Hong Phc qun lnh; cn 2 vn ngi
ra hng v b bt th giao cho M Anh qun lnh em v Tu. Vng Thng th lnh b binh i
sau. Bnh nh Vng tin bit rt hu.
Bnh nh Vng dp xong gic Minh ri, sai ng Nguyn Tri lm t b co cho thin h bit.
Bnh Ng i Co
Tng mng:
Vic nhn ngha ct yn dn, qun iu pht ch v kh bo. Nh nc Vit t trc, vn xng
vn hin lu. Sn h cng vc chia, phong tc bc nam cng khc. T inh, L, L, Trn,
gy nn c lp; cng Hn, ng, Tng, Nguyn, hng c mt phng. Du cng nhc c lc
khc nhau, song ho kit i no cng c.
Vy nn:
Lu Cung s uy mt va, Triu Tit nghe ting git mnh. Ca Hm T git ti Toa , sng Bch
ng bt sng M. Xt xem c tch, c minh trng 83 .
Va ri:
Ta y:
Ni Lam Sn dy ngha, chn hoang d nng mnh. Ngm non sng cm ni th th, th sng cht
cng qun nghch tc. au lng nhc c, chc l mi my nng ma; nm mt nm gai, h phi
mt hai sm ti. Qun n v gin, sch lc thao suy xt tinh; ngm trc n nay, l hng ph
n o cng k. Nhng trn trc trong cn mng m, ch bn khon mt ni hi. Va khi c
ngha dy ln, chnh lc qun th ang mnh.
Li ngt v:
Tun kit nh sao bui sm, nhn ti nh l ma thu. Vic bn tu thiu k n, ni duy c
him ngi bn bc. i phen vng vy, vn m m con mt dc ng 87 ; my tha i ch,
lung ng ng c xe h t 88 . Th m trng ngi, ngi cng vng ngt, vn mt m nh k
vng dng 89 . th m t ta, ta phi lo toan, thm vi v nh khi chng nch 90 . Phn th gin
hung ngang dc, phn th lo quc b kh khn. Khi Linh Sn lng ht my tun; khi Khi
huyn qun khng mt l. C l tri mun trao cho gnh nng, bt tri qua bch chit thin ma;
cho nn ta c gng gan bn, chp ht c nht sinh thp t. Ma u gy, ngn c pht phi, ngng
vn ngh bn ci an h. M tic qun, chn ru ngt ngo, khp tng s mt lng ph t. Th
gic mnh, ta yu m ta ch ni; qun gic nhiu, ta t m ta c lun.
Dn hay:
em i ngha thng hung tn, ly ch nhn m thay cng bo. Trn B ng sm vang st
dy, min Tr Ln trc ph tro ba S kh hng, qun thanh cng mnh. Trn Tr, Sn Th mt
va chy tan; Phng Chnh, L An tm ng trn trnh. nh Ty Kinh ph tan th gic, ly
ng thu li ci xa. Di Ninh Kiu mu chy thnh sng; bn Ty ng xc y ngoi ni.
Trn Hip thit mng. L Lng li phi thy. Vng Thng ht cp lo lng, M Anh khng
ng cu . N tr cng lc kit, b tay khng bit tnh sao; ta y mu pht tm cng,
chng nh m ngi chu khut. Tng n phi thay lng i d, hiu l ti lui; ng u cn
kim k tm phng, gy mm ti nghit. Cy mnh l phi, ch quen v cho ngi; tham cng
mt thi, chng b by tr d duc. n ni a tr ranh nh Tuyn c 91 , nhm v khng thi;
li sai nht nht nh Thnh, Thng, em du cha chy. Nm inh mi thng chn, Liu Thng
t Khu n ting san; li nm nay thng mi, Mc Thnh t Vn Nam ko n. Ta iu binh
gi him ngn li Bc qun; ta li sai tng chn ngang tuyt ng lng o. Mi tm,
Liu Thng thua Chi Lng, hai mi, Liu Thng cht M Yn. Hai mi lm, Lng Minh
trn vong; hai mi tm, L Khnh t vn. Li dao ta ang sc, ngn gio gic phi li. Li
thm qun bn mt vy thnh, hn n rm thng mi dit tc. S tt ra oai t h, thn th mt
tro nha. Gm mi , ni cng mn; voi ung nc, nc sng phi cn. nh mt trn sch
khng knh ngc, nh hai trn tan tc chim mung. Cn gi to trt sch l kh, t kin hng st
toang c. Thi T phi qu m xin li, Hong Phc t tri ra hng. Lng Giang, Lng Sn
thy cht y ng, Xng Giang, Bnh Than mu tri nc. Gm gh thay ! sc phong vn
cng i; thm m thay ! sng nht nguyt phi m. Binh Vn Nam nghn L Hoa, s m mt
mt; qun Mc Thnh tan chn Cn Trm, chy thot thn. Sui mu Lnh Cu, nc sng rn
r; thnh xng an X, c ni m a. Hai mt cu binh, cm u trn chy; cc thnh cng
khu, ci gip xung u. Bt tng gic mang v, n vy ui phc ti; th lng tri bt st,
ta cng m ng hiu sinh. M K, Phng Chnh, cp cho nm trm chic thuyn, ra n b
cha thi trng ngc. Vng Thng, M Anh, pht cho vi nghn c nga, v n Tu cn m
hi. N s cht cu ha, ng lng th phc; ta mun ton qun l ct, c nc ngh ngi.
Than i !
Vy vng mt mng nhung y nn cng i nh, phng lng bn b thi v m hi vnh thanh. B
co xa gn, ng cng cho bit.
Bnh Ng i Co
Ci vn :
nhn ngha chi c, yu ti an dn; iu pht chi s, mc tin kh bo. Duy ng i-Vit chi quc, thc
vi vn-hin chi bang. Sn xuyn chi phong vc k th, Nam Bc chi phong-tc dic d. T Triu inh
L Trn chi triu to ng quc, d Hn ng Tng Nguyn nhi cc nht phng. Tuy cng
nhc th hu bt ng, nhi ho kit th v thng php.
C Lu Cung tham cng d th bi, nhi Triu Tit hiu i d xc vong. Toa k cm Hm-t
quan, M hu Bch-ng hi. K ch vng c, quyt hu minh trng.
Khonh nhn H-chnh chi phin-h, tr-s nhn-tm chi on-bn. Cung-Minh t khch, nhn d c
ng dn; ngy ng hoi gian, cnh d mi ng quc. Hn thng-sinh ngc-dim, hm xch-t
ha-khanh. Khi thin vng dn, qu-k ci thin vn trng; lin binh kt hn, nm c i nh thp nin.
Bi ngha thng nhn, kin khn ky h dc tc; trng khoa hu lim, sn trch m hu kit di. Khai
kim-trng, tc mo lam-chng nhi ph sn o sa; thi minh-chu, tc xc giao-long nhi hon yu
thn hi. Nhiu dn thit huyn lc chi hm tnh, in vt chc thy cm chi vng la. Cn trng tho
mc giai bt c d toi k sinh, quan qu in-lin cu bt hoch d an k s. Tun sinh dn chi huyt,
d nhun kit-hit chi vn nha; cc th mc chi cng, d sng cng t chi gii v. Chu l chi chinh
dao trng khn, l dim chi tr trc giai khng. Quyt ng-hi chi thy, bt tc d trc k ; Khnh
Nam-sn chi trc, bt tc d th k c. Thn nhn chi s cng phn, thin a chi s bt dung.
D phn tch Lam-sn, th thn hoang d. Nim th-th khi kh cng i, th nghch-tc nan d cu
sinh. Thng tm tt th gi thy thp d nin, thng m nga tn gi ci phi nht nht. Pht phn
vong thc, mi nghin m thao-lc chi th; tc c nghim kim, t suy cu hng vong chi l. hi
chi ch, ng m bt vong. ng ngha k s khi chi th, chnh tc th phng trng chi nht.
Ni d nhn ti thu dip, tun kit thn tinh. Bn tu tin hu gi k php k nhn, mu m duy c gi
hu qu k tr. c d cu dn chi nim, mi ut-ut nhi dc ng; c i hin chi xa, thng cp-
cp d h t. Nhin k c nhn chi hiu, mang nhc vng dng; do k chi thnh, thm chng nch.
Phn hung- chi v dit, nim quc-b chi tao trun. Linh-sn chi thc tn kim tun, Khi-huyn chi
chng v nht l. Ci thin dc khn ng d ging quyt nhm, c d ch l chi d t vu nn. Yt can vi
k, manh l chi t tp; u giao hng s, ph t chi binh nht tm. D nhc ch cng, hoc cng
nhn chi bt b; d qu ch chng, thng thit phc d xut k.
Tt nng d i ngha nhi thng hung-tn, d chi nhn nhi dch cng-bo. B-ng chi nh khu in
xit, Tr-ln chi trc ph khi phi. S kh d chi ch tng, qun thanh d chi i chn. Trn Tr, Sn
Th, vn phong nhi tr phch; L An, Phng Chnh, d tc d thu sinh. Tha thng trng khu, Ty-
kinh k vi ng hu; tuyn phong tin th, ng- tn phc cu cng. Ninh-kiu chi huyt thnh
xuyn, lu tinh vn l; Ty-ng chi thi tch d, di x thin nin. Trn Hip tc chi phc tm, k kiu
k th; L Lng tc chi gian , hu bc quyt thi. Vng Thng l lon nhi phn gi ch phn, M
Anh cu u nhi n gi ch n. B tr cng nhi lc tn, thc th i vong; ng mu pht nhi tm cng,
bt chin t khut. V b tt dch tm nhi ci l, khi phc tc nghit d tc c. Chp nht k chi kin,
d gi ha tha nhn; tham nht th chi cng, d di tiu thin-h. Toi lnh Tuyn- c chi gio ng,
c binh v ym; nhng mnh Thnh Thng chi nh tng, d du cu phn. inh-v cu nguyt, Liu
Thng toi dn binh do Khu-n nhi tin; bn nin bn nguyt, Mc Thnh dic phn t Vn-nam
nhi lai. D tin k tuyn binh tc him d ti k phong, d hu ti iu binh tit l d on k thc.
Bn nguyt thp bt nht, Liu Thng vi ng qun s cng, k a Chi-lng nhi d; bn nguyt nh
thp nht, Liu Thng vi ng qun s bi, thn t M-yn chi sn. Nh thp ng nht, Bo-nh b
Lng Minh trn hm nhi tng khu; nh thp bt nht, thng-th L Khnh k cng nhi vn th.
Ng toi nghinh nhn nhi gii, b t o qua tng cng. K nhi t din thim binh d bao vi, k d
thp nguyt trung tun nhi in dit. Vin tuyn t hu chi s, thn mnh tro nha chi thn. m tng
nhi h thy can, ma ao nhi sn thch khuyt. Nht c nhi knh kh ngc on, ti c nhi iu tn qun
kinh. Quyt hi ngh bng , chn cng phong co dip. -c Thi T tt hng nhi tng
khon, thng-th Hong Phc din phc d tu cm. Cng-thi tc Lng-giang, Lng-sn chi ;
chin-huyt xch Xng-giang, Bnh-than chi thy. Phong vn v chi bin sc, nht nguyt thm d v
quang.
Phi duy k mu chi cc k thm vin, ci dic c kim chi s v kin vn. X-tc d chi in an, sn
xuyn d chi ci qun. Kin khn k b nhi phc thi, nht nguyt k hi nhi phc minh. Vu d khai vn
th thi bnh chi c, vu d tuyt thin c v-cng chi s. Th do thin a t tng chi linh, hu d mc
tng m hu, nhi tr nhin d.
-h! Nht nhung i-nh, ngt thnh v cnh chi cng; t hi vnh-thanh, dn b duy-tn chi co. B
co h nh, hm s vn tri.
------------
74 Sch "Khm nh Thng Gim" chp l ni Ch Linh ny ph Trn nh, tnh Ngh An, tc l
vo t Cam Mn, Cam Ct gip tnh H Tnh. Nhng xem k a th vua Thi T khi binh Lam
Sn, thuc huyn Thy Nguyn, ph Thiu Ha, v lc y vn lui ti vng Lc Thy, tc l Cm
Thy v vng Nga Sn. Vy th ni Ch Linh ny khng phi min Trn nh, m chc l ch
trong vng Thanh Ha m thi. Xem nh khi ngi thua Ch Linh th chy v L Sn chu Quan
Ha, thuc ph Qung Ha th bit. V li ngy khi ngha t nm mu tut (1418) m mi n nm
gip thn (1424) th ngi mi bn s i nh mng Ngh An, nh tht m ni rng ni Ch Linh ph
Trn nh, tc l x Ngc Ma ngy trc, pha nam tnh Ngh An by gi th chc l lm.
78 Trn Nguyn Hn, c ni chp l Trn Hn, l chu Trn Nguyn n, dng di Trn Quang Khi.
79 Nhng tn Ninh Kiu, Ninh Giang, ng Thin chc l vng huyn T Lim, huyn Thanh Oai, v
qung sng Nhu Giang v sng y. M Ninh Giang c l l khc sng y vo qung T Lim
hay Thanh Oai g .
80 Ty ng v Chc ng vo qung huyn Chng M, pha ng c sng y, pha ty c con
sng con gi l sng Bi, chy vo sng y, ch Ng Ba Th.
82 V con ca quan B Chnh th phi 70 quan; v con nhng sinh vin v th quan th 10 quan; cn
nhng con trai, con gi y t, a th 5 quan.
84 T ngc: Ht sc tn ngc.
86 Quan: Ngi khng v; Qu: ngi ga chng; in Lin: nhng k khng c nh , khng trng
cy vo u c.
87 Dc ng: ni mun v ly ng .
I. L Thi T
1. Bnh-nh-vng ln ngi tn
2. Vic hc-hnh
3. Lut-l
4. Vic cai-tr
5. Php qun-in
6. Vic binh-lnh
1. Cai-tr
2. Vic thu-l
3. Vic canh-nng
4. Nh sinh-t
5. Vic sa phong-tc
6. a- nc Nam
7. i-Vit s-k
8. Vic vn-hc
9. Vic v-b
10. nh Chim-thnh
11. nh Lo-qua
12. nh Bn-man
VI. L Tc Tng v L Uy Mc
VII. L Tng Dc
1. Vic thu-m
2. i-Vit thng-gim
3. S bin-lon
Trn Cao cht ri, Bnh-nh-vng ln ngi tc l vua Thi-t nh L, t quc-hiu l i-Vit.
Nm y l nm mu-thn, lch Ty l nm 1428.
Vua Thi-t sai s sang cu phong bn Tu, nhng m nh Minh khng chu, bt phi tm con chu nh
Trn lp ln lm vua. S nh Minh i v hai ba ln, sau vua Thi-t bt cc quan vin v ph lo
trong nc lm t khai rng con chu nh Trn tht khng cn ai na, v xin phong cho ngi l L Li
lm vua nc Nam. Vua nh Minh thy vy mi thun phong vng cho ngi.
T y l c 3 nm phi sang cng nh Minh mt ln, m ln no cng phi c hai ngi bng vng
gi l: "i thn kim nhn ". C l l lc nh trn Chi-lng c git mt tng nh Minh l Liu Thng
v Lng Minh, cho nn phi c hai ngi bng vng th mng.
Vua Thi-t ln ngi ri, phong thng cho cc cng-thn: bn vn th ng Nguyn Tri ng u, bn
v th ng L Vn ng u, c thy l 227 ngi u c quc-tnh c. Ngi li phong cho ng
Nguyn Tri l Quan-phc-hu, ng Trn nguyn Hn l T-tng-quc, ng Phm vn Xo lm Thi-
y.
2. Vic Hc Hnh.
Vua Thi-t sa-sang vic hc-hnh, t trng Quc-t-gim t kinh- cho con chu cc
quan vin v nhng ngi thng dn tun-t vo hc-tp; m nh hc v t thy dy nho-hc cc
ph v cc l. Ri li bt cc quan vn v t t phm tr xung phi vo thi Minh-kinh-khoa,
ngha l quan vn th phi thi kinh-s, quan v th phi thi v-kinh. cc l cng m khoa thi Minh-
kinh
Nhng ngi i tu o Pht, o Lo cng bt phi thi kinh in nhng o y; h ai thi trng th mi
cho php c lm tng v o-s, ai thi hng th phi v tc lm n.
3. Lut L.
H ai c vo hng bt ngh 93
th trc phi tu xin ngh, khi vo ngh xong ri li phi tu vua xt li. Nhng ngi cu thn c
cng t ng-phm d thng, c ai phm ti hay l ti lu th cng tha c; con chu nhng ngi
c
ngh cng
m c ti, th c theo ci th bc tp
92
Bt ngh l : Ngh thn, ngh c, ngh hin, ngh nng, ngh cng, ngh qu, ngh cn, ngh tn. Xem
sch Chu-l th bit r. m ca ng cha m gim cho. Nhng quan vin, qun dn ai c lm-li, nh ra
phm n ti lu tr xung th c cho chuc. Nhng ngi 70 tui tr ln, 15 tui tr xung hay l
c ph-tt m phm ti lu tr xung, th cng c cho chuc. Nhng ngi 80 tui tr ln, 10 tui
tr xung hay l c-tt, th c th-t gim bt cho. Nhng ngi phm ti g hay l phm ti n-trm,
n-cp ca ngi ta m t mnh ra th nhn trc, th c lng ti m gim cho t nhiu.
S nghim-pht nh th, th c thi-qu tht, v l lm tn-hi n thn-th ngi ta, nhng m cng c
cng-hiu, khin cho trong nc bt c th ngi c i khng chu lm g, ch i nh la ngi m
kim n.
By gi thng nhng ngi khng c cng-lao g vi nh-nc th lm rung nhiu nng, m nhng
k phi nh ng dp bc lao-lung kh-s, lc v mt tc t cng khng c. V th cho nn vua
Thi-t nh ra php qun-in
ly cng in, cng th m chia cho mi ngi, t quan i-thn cho n nhng ngi gi yu c
qu, ai cng c mt phn rung, khin cho s giu ngho trong nc khi chnh-lch lm.
Khi gic Minh hy cn nc Nam, th phi cn c nhiu qun binh, cho nn lc qun An-nam ta mi
ra ng-, c thy c 25 vn, sau ly c ng- ri cho 15 vn v lm n, ch li 10 vn
phng-v m thi, nay li chia qun ra lm 5 phin, mt phin li lu ban cn bn phin cho v
lm rung, c ln lt thay i nhau m v.
Ngh m bun thay cho my ngi cng-thn i xa, ch lm v hai ch cng danh, m em tm lng
son st i ph-t qun-vng trong lc nguy-nan, mong c cht hin-vinh cho tha ci ch
trng-phu i. Ng u : chim bay ht, cung tt ct i, th nhanh cht ri, ch sn phi git; n
khi cng vic xong ri, th khng nhng l mt thn mnh cng khng c trn vn m c h-hng
thng cng phi v ly. Th mi bit ch c n Trng t Phng nh Hn l ngi kin c hn c !
II. L Thi Tng ( 1434 - 1442 ) Nin-hiu: Thiu Bnh ( 1434 - 1442 ) i Bo ( 1440 - 1442 )
Khi vua Thi-tng ln lm vua th ngi mi c 11 tui, cho nn cng- vic g cng quan Ph-chnh l
L St quyt nh ht c.
L St l mt ngi t hc nhng v trc theo vua Thi-t lp c cng to, quan lm n i-t-.
Nay lm Ph-chnh, thng hay cy quyn, tri php, lm nhiu iu kiu-hnh, h triu-thn ai l
ngi khng tng-phc th tm cch lm hi.
Vua Thi-tng tuy cn tr tui nhng vn c tnh thng-minh, lm vua c t lu th ra thn chnh ly,
ri git L St i thu ly quyn. Song cng v t tui m li khng c ngi ph-t, cho nn sau
thnh say- m tu sc lm lm iu khng c chnh-nh.
trong th chnh-n vic thi-c li. L c 5 nm mt ln thi hng, 6 nm mt ln thi hi. Php thi
th k -nht lm mt bi kinh- ngha, bn bi t-th ngha, mi bi phi 300 ch tr ln; k -nh
th lm bi chiu, bi ch v bi biu; k -tam lm bi thi ph; k -t th lm mt bi vn sch
phi 1.000 ch tr ln.
n nm nhm-tut (1442) m khoa thi tin-s, bao nhiu nhng ngi thi u c khc tn vo
bia phn-chn lng ngi vn- hc. Cc tin-s c khc tn vo bia Vn-miu khi u t
y.
Thng by nm nhm-tut (1442), Thi-tng i duyt binh huyn Ch-linh. By gi ng Nguyn Tri
v tr s tri Cn-sn, thuc huyn Ch-linh. Khi vua i qua c vo thm, v thy ngi hu
ng y l Nguyn th L c ti sc, bn bt theo hu. i n huyn Gia-nh (nay l huyn Gia-bnh
Bc-ninh) th vua mt. Triu-nh ti cho Nguyn th L git vua, bt ng Nguyn Tri lm ti v
tru di c ba h.
III. L Nhn Tng ( 1443 - 1459 ) Nin-hiu: i Ha ( 1443 - 1453) Din Ninh ( 1454 - 1459 )
Khi vua Thi-tng mt, thi-t l Bng C mi ln 2 tui. Cc quan i-thn l bn L Kh, Nguyn
X, lp thi-t ln lm vua, tc l Nhn-tng, b Hong-thi-hu ra nhip chnh.
Tuy vy, nhng v b Thi-hu hay nghe nhng li ni gim, chm git cc quan cu-thn nh l L
Kh, L khc Phc, lm cho nhiu ngi khng phc.
Nm qu-du (1453), Nhn-tng mi bt u thn chnh. Trc ht ngi truy-tng cho nhng ngi
cng-thn v cp rung quan-in cho con chu cc ng L St, L Ngn, v L khc Phc.
Li sai ng Phan ph Tin lm b quc-s k t vua Thi-tng nh Trn cho n khi thuc nh Minh,
c thy l 10 quyn.
Vua Nhn-tng c l cng nn c mt ng vua hin, nhng chng may ngi c ngi anh l Lng-
sn-vng Nghi Dn, trc lm Thi-t, sau v ngi m phi ti cho nn phi b. n nm k-
mo (1459), Nghi Dn ng mu vi bn L c Ninh, Phm n, Phan Ban v Trn Lng, na m
tro thnh vo git Nhn-tng v Hong-thi-hu, t xng lm vua, ri cho s sang Tu cu phong.
94
"Khm-nh Vit-s" chp rng sng Bnh-l chy t Thi-nguyn v n Ph-l, th c l sng Bnh-
l l sng C-l chng? IV. L Thnh Tng ( 1460 - 1497 ) Nin-hiu: Quang Thun ( 1460 - 1469)
Hng c ( 1470 - 1497 )
Nghi Dn cp ngi vua c 8 thng, nhng v tnh hay nghe li dua-nnh, chm git k cu thn, cho
nn lng ngi khng ai phc, n thng su nm canh-thn (1460) cc quan i-thn l bn Nguyn
X, inh Lit mu chm Phm n v Phan Ban gia ngh-s-ng, ri ng ca thnh li vo bt
Nghi Dn git i, rc con th t vua Thi-tng l Bnh- nguyn-vng T-Thnh ln lm vua, tc l
vua Thnh-tng.
Nhng ngi m c quc-tnh, nay ngi cho phc tnh li cho khi mt tn h.
Trc vua Thi-t chia ra lm 5 o, c ph, l, trn, chu, huyn, x. o th t quan Hnh-khin,
Tuyn-ph chnh ph-s; ph th t Tri- ph; l th t An-ph-s; trn th t Trn-ph-s; huyn th
t Chuyn- vn-s v Tun-st-s; x th t X-quan.
By gi thu inh mi ngi ng nin ng 8 tin; cn thu rung, thu t v thu t bi trng du
th c k mu m ng thu, m th t no cng chia ra lm ba hng.
Vua Thnh-tng ly s nng-tang lm trng, cho nn ngi ch v vic y lm. Thng thng ngi
sc cho ph huyn phi ht sc khuyn bo dn lm vic cy rung trng du.
t quan H- v quan Khuyn-nng coi vic cy cy trong nc. Bt quan H-b v quan Tha-
chnh cc x phi tu cho ngi bit nhng t b hoang bt ph huyn c dn phu khai-khn lm
rung.
Lp ra c thy 42 s n-in, t quan trng-nom s khai-khn, khin cho dn khi phi i-kh.
4. Nh T Sinh.
Vua Thnh-tng li lo n cc chng bnh lm hi dn. Ngi lp nh T-sinh nui nhng ngi
au-yu, v khi no u c dch t th sai quan em thuc i cha bnh.
Thnh-tng cm khng cho lm cha mi, tin ca v cng-phu m lm vic c ch. Cm nhng nh
c l tang khng c by cuc ht xng. Vic hn th khi nhn l hi ri, phi chn ngy cho
rc du, v l c ci ri ngy hm sau i cho cha m, ba ngy th i l t ng.
lm hi n phong-ha.
5. chn hng-ng tng-tc, c vic hon-nn th phi gip- ln nhau; nu ai c ting l ngi
hnh-ngha tt, th cc quan ph huyn s ti phi bm ln ta Tha, ta Hin, tu vua m tinh biu
cho.
7. Ngi n-b ga khng c cha nhng a trai tr trong nh, ni di l con nui m hnh
nhng vic gian dm.
10. Lm n-b th phi theo chng, khng c cy cha m mnh ph-qu m khinh nh chng, nu
khng nh th th bt ti n cha m.
13. Quan dn u phi hiu-, v chm-ch lm rung, cng gip ln nhau; khi i lm vic quan,
khng c tr bing, trn-trnh. Nu ai c ting l ngi lng-thin th cc quan ph huyn phi
trnh ta Tha, ta Hin tu m tinh biu cho.
14. K thng-mi phi ty thi gi m bun-bn vi nhau, khng c thay i thng u, v t-tp
-ng i trm-cp; nu phm iu y th tr ti rt nng.
16. Ch dn-gian c m trng du-h hoc cng-t, th con-trai con-gi n xem, khng c ng ln
ln, khi thi dm.
17. Cc hng qun bn ng, c ph-n i xa n tr, th phi phng gi. Nu h-hip -nhc
ngi ta, vic pht-gic ra, th ngi phm cng vi ch nh u phi tr ti c.
18. Ph huyn phi lp bia cc ni s-ti cm con-trai con-gi khng c cng tm mt bn,
cho c phn bit.
19. Cc x-thn phi chn mt vi ngi gi-c, o-c lm trng, nhng ngy thong-th em dn
ra nh, tuyn ging nhng li co d, khin dn bt-chc lm iu thin, thnh ra m tc.
20. Trong ht ph huyn c k cng-ho xm-chim in-th, c-hip c- c v xui-gic ngi ta
kin-tng, th cho x-thn co gic ln quan x- tr, nu m n-nc th phi bim-bi.
21. Cc nh vng, cng, i-thn dung tng nhng a tiu-nhn, a ngi khn l, v cho ngi
nh i c-hip dn-gian m mua r cc vt, th cho dn c u co trng tr.
22. Nhng ngi lm quan ph, huyn m bit khuyn-bo dn-gian lm iu l-ngha khim-nhng,
c quan Tha-chnh, Hin-st xt thc, th c cho vo hng tt; nu ai khng chm dy-bo dn th
cho l ngi khng xng chc.
23. Cc ngi huynh-trng chn x-thn v phng bit dy bo con em trong lng cho nn c
phong-tc tt, th quan ph huyn phi bm ta Tha, ta Hin tu vua ban khen cho.
6. a Nc Nam.
7. i Vit S K.
Vua Thnh-tng nh php thi hng, sa php thi hi, chn ly nhn-ti. Thng ngi ra lm ch
cc k thi nh, v ngi lp ra l xng danh cc Tin-s v l cho v vinh qui.
Ngi m rng nh Thi-hc ra. Pha trc th lm nh Vn-miu, pha sau th lm nh Thi-hc, v
lm ra cc phng c cho nhng k sinh-vin hc. Lm kho B-th m cha sch. S hc by
gi cng ngy cng m-mang thm.
Ngi li hay ngm thi, t ra Qunh-uyn cu-ca, xng lm Tao-n nguyn-sy, cng vi k triu-
thn l bn ng Thn nhn Trung, Nhun, c thy 28 ngi xng ha vi nhau. Non xanh nc
bic ch no cng c th ca ngi.
Ngi sai ng Thn nhn Trung v ng Nhun lm b Thin-nam d-h-tp, 100 quyn ni v vic
chnh l hnh-lut i Hng-c. Ngi lm ra mt quyn Thn-chinh k-s, k vic ngi i nh
Chim-thnh, Lo-qua v cc mng.
9. Vic V B.
Tuy rng vua Thnh-tng ht lng sa-sang mi vic trong nc, nhng ngi cng hiu rng phm mt
nc m cng-thnh th tt l phi c v-b, cho nn ngi bt cc quan tng-binh phi chm ging-tp
trn-, phi luyn-tp s-tt phng khi c vic.
Ngi i nm V-qun ra lm nm ph l : Trung-qun ph, Nam qun-ph, Bc-qun ph, ng-qun
ph v Ty-qun ph. Mi mt ph th c 6 v, mi v c 5 hay l 6 s, mi s c s qun 400
ngi. Qun c 5 ph c chng 6, 7 vn ngi. Ngi li t ra 31 iu qun lnh tp thy trn; 42
iu tp b trn.
Vua Thnh-tng cho s sang Tu k chuyn Tr Ton lm nhiu, ri ngi t lm tng, c i-binh
hn 20 vn sang nh Chim-thnh; khi qun vo n Thun-ha, Thnh-tng ng qun li luyn-
tp v sai ngi ln sang v a- nc Chim-thnh bit cho r ch him ch khng ri mi tin
binh ln nh ly ca Th-ni (ca Bnh-nh).
Khi Tr Ton phi bt ri, em l Tr Toi trn vo ni, sai ngi sang ku vi nh Minh v xin
phong lm vua. Thnh-tng bit tin y lin sai ng L Nim em 3 vn qun vo bt c Tr Toi
gii v kinh-s. Sau vua nh Minh c sai s sang bo ngi phi tr t Chim-thnh, nhng ngi khng
chu.
11. nh Lo Qua.
em binh quy- nhiu min ty nc ta. Thnh-tng lin sai quan Thi-y l L th Vc
95
12. nh Bn Man.
Gy nn s nh Lo-qua l cng v h Cm Bn-man mun lm iu phn-nghch.
Nguyn t Bn-man trc xin ni thuc, i lm chu Qui-hp, nhng vn cho t-trng l h
Cm c i i lm Ph-o. Sau i lm Trn-ninh ph, c 7 huyn, v t quan ph huyn
gim-tr. Nay Cm Cng cy c ngi Lo-qua gip-, bn ui qun An-nam i, chim ly t, ri
em qun chng gi vi quan qun.
Nc ta by gi tuy phi theo l xng thn vi nh Minh, nhng vua Thnh-tng vn ht lng phng-
b mt bc. Thnh-thong c nhng ngi th-dn sang quy-nhiu, th lp tc cho quan qun ln tiu-
tr v cho s sang Tu phn-gii mi s cho minh-bch. C mt hm c tin rng ngi nh
Minh em binh i qua a- gii, Thnh-tng lin cho ngi ln do-thm thc h. Ngi bo vi triu-
thn rng : "Ta phi gi-gn cho cn-thn, ng cho ai ly mt mt phn ni, mt tc sng ca vua
Thi-t li."
Xem nhng cng vic ca vua Thnh-tng th ngi tht l mt ng anh-qun. Nhng s vn-tr v s
v-cng nc Nam ta khng c i no thnh hn l i Hng-c. Nh c vua Thi-t th giang-
sn nc Nam mi
96
Theo a-d nc Tu, th Kim-sa-giang l khc trn sng Trng-giang. Sng y chy pha bc qua
tnh Ty-khng v T-xuyn. y c l l nh chp s ln vi khc sng Lan-thng- giang l khc
trn Cu-long-giang cn, v nh c vua Thnh-tng th vn-ha nc ta mi thnh, vy nn ngi An-
nam ta khng bao gi qun cng c hai ng vua y.
Ngi l mt ng vua thng-minh ha-hu. Thng khi bi triu ri, ngi ra ngi ni chuyn vi cc
quan, h ai c iu g tri phi, ngi ly li m-i m nh-bo, ch khng gt mng bao gi. Ngi vn
hay ni rng : "Vua Thi-t gy-dng c-, vua Thnh-tng sa-sang mi vic, ta nay ch nn
lo gn-gi np c, v m-mang s nhn-chnh ra cho sng r cng-c ca ng cha trc."
Ngi theo ci ch- y m tr dn, cho nn trong my nm ngi lm vua khng c gic-gi g, m
nhng vic chnh-tr u theo nh i Hng- c, ch khng thay-i g c. Nht l v vic cy rung
trng du, ngi lu tm khuyn-nh quan dn, khin mi ngi phi ht sc gi-gn, bt o sng, khai
ngi, p ng, lm xe nc, cho tin vic v nng. Vic vn-hc cng vy, khng bao gi ngi
tr-ni. Nhng ngi tr-v c c 7 nm th mt, th c 44 tui.
VI. L Tc Tng ( 1504 ) v L Uy Mc ( 1505 - 1509 ) Nin-hiu: Thi Trinh v oan Khnh
Hin-tng mt, truyn ngi li cho ngi con th ba tn l Thun, tc l vua Tc-tng.
Tc-tng lm vua c 6 thng th mt. Triu-nh tn ngi anh th hai ca ngi l Tun ln lm vua,
tc l vua Uy-mc.
Vua Uy-mc mi ln lm vua th git t-mu l b Thi-hong Thi- hu, git quan L-b Thng-th
l ng m vn L v quan -ng-s l ng Nguyn quang Bt, v l rng khi vua Hin-tng mt, b
Thi-hu v hai ng y c khng chu lp ngi.
Thng chp nm k-t (1509) c Gin-tu-cng tn l Oanh chu vua Thnh-tng, l anh em con ch
con bc vi ngi, b bt giam. ng t tin cho ngi canh ngc mi c ra, trn v Ty-, ri hi
vi cc quan cu- thn em binh ra nh bt vua Uy-mc v Hong-hu Trn-th git i.
1. Vic Thu M.
Vic thu-m lc by gi th i-khi cng nh my triu trc, nhng khng bit r tin-ti sn-vt
ng-nin thu c nhng g. n i vua Tng-dc thy s chp rng trc th thu vng thu bc
ng nin thu c :
Vng mi
2.883 lng
Bc
Vng mi th "kim-kim"
449 lng
Vng mi
2.901 lng
Bc
6.125 lng
Nhng vng bc y l np vo kho chi vua tiu-dng. Cn cch thu-np th no th khng r.
3. S Bin Lon.
Trn Cao em qun v ng t B-, bn kia sng Nh-h, chc sang ly Kinh-. Sau quan qun
sang nh, Trn Cao lui v ng Chu- sn, thuc ph T-sn. Vua sai An-ha-hu l Nguyn hong
D sang ng qun B- chng gi.
Tuy trong nc gic cp nh th, nhng vua cng khng chu sa- sang vic g c, li khinh-d cc
quan triu-thn. By gi c Nguyn-qun- cng l Trnh duy Sn, trc vn c cng i nh gic,
nhng sau v hay can vua m phi nh. Trnh duy Sn tc gin bn mu vi L qung v Trnh ch
Sm lp vua khc, ri gi mn ting i nh gic, m em binh vo ca Bc-thn git vua
Tng-dc.
VIII. L Chiu Tng v L Cung Hong ( 1516 - 1527 ) Nin-hiu: Quang Thiu ( 1516 - 1526 )
Thng Nguyn ( 1527 )
Bn Trnh duy Sn git vua Tng-dc ri, hi triu-nh li nh lp con Mc--vng l Quang Tr,
mi c 8 tui, nhng V-t-hu l Phng Mi bn nn lp chu ba i vua Thnh-tng l con Cm-
giang-vng tn l Y, 14 tui. ng Trnh duy Sn bt Phng Mi chm ngay ch ngh-s, ri lp
Quang Tr. Quang Tr mi lm vua c ba ngy, cha kp i nin-hiu th b Trnh duy i l anh
Trnh duy Sn em vo Ty-kinh. Quang Tr vo y c my ngy li b git.
Lc trong triu cn ang ri lon, cha bit ai l vua th Nguyn hong D bn B- c tin Trnh
duy Sn git vua Tng-dc, bn em qun v t ph Kinh-thnh v bt V nh T, l ngi c
vic lm n-i cho vua Tng-dc, em chm ngoi thnh.
Gic Trn Cao thy Triu-nh b kinh-, bn em qun sang chim ly, ri tim hiu lm vua.
Trnh duy Sn, Nguyn hong D, Trnh Tuy, Trn Chn v cc quan cu thn phn binh ra vy ng-
kinh. Trn Cao phi b thnh chy ln t Lng-nguyn (c l l Lng-sn).
Triu-nh li v ng-kinh, ri sai Trnh duy Sn ln Lng-nguyn ui nh Trn Cao. Trnh duy
Sn khinh ch qu, b gic git mt. Quan gic li v ng B-. Vua sai Thit-sn-b l Trn
Chn em qun nh tp hu, ph c qun ca gic.
Trn Cao li chy v Lng-nguyn, v thy s-nghip khng thnh, bn nhng quyn li cho con l
Thng ri ct tc i tu trn cho khi nn.
Tuy gic Trn Cao ph c, nhng m lc by gi vua Chiu-tng hy cn tr tui, cha quyt-
on c, m Triu-thn th khng c ai l ngi c ch gip nc, n ni ngoi th gic lm lon,
trong th cc quan sinh ra him-th, em qun nh ln nhau, nh l Nguyn hong D v Trnh Tuy,
hai ngi i nh gic v ri mi ngi ng qun mt ni chng-c vi nhau, vua can ngn cng
khng c.
trong triu th bn Trnh duy i mu s lm phn, b ngi t co ra, phi git c ng.
Bn Nguyn hong D v Trnh Tuy c nh nhau mi, sau Trn Chn bnh Trnh Tuy em qun nh
Nguyn hong D. Nguyn hong D b chy v gi Thanh-ha.
By gi quyn-bnh v c Trn Chn v li c ngi ni rng Trn Chn c lm phn, vua bn cho
ngi vi Trn Chn vo thnh ri ng ca thnh li, bt git i.
B tng ca Trn Chn l bn Hong duy Nhc, Nguyn Knh, Nguyn ng nghe tin Trn Chn phi
git, bn em qun vo nh ph kinh-thnh. Vua phi chy sang lnh mnh t Gia-lm, ri cho
ngi vo Thanh-ha vi Nguyn hong D ra nh gic. Nguyn hong D khng ra.
Chiu-tng khng bit mong cy vo ai c, phi cho ngi sang Hi-dng vi Mc ng Dung v
gip. Mi thon-ot gy nn t .
Nay vua Chiu-tng gi sang, nht thit trao c binh quyn nh gic Hong duy Nhc.
Vua li phi cho ngi vo gi Nguyn hong D ln na. Nguyn hong D em binh Thanh-ha ra
cng vi Mc ng Dung i nh gic. Nhng Hong D xut binh nh trc, bi trn, phi rt
qun v Thanh.
Sng hm sau Mc ng Dung mi bit vua xut ngoi, lin sai Hong duy Nhc em qun ui theo,
n Thch-tht, Duy Nhc b qun s- ti bt c git i.
Khi vua Chiu-tng chy ln Sn-ty, nhng ngi ho-kit cc ni theo v cng nhiu, nhng v
vua nghe li nhng k hon-quan l bn Phm in, khng theo li bn ca cc tng, cho nn lng
ngi ly-tn, mi vic hng c. Vua cho ngi vo Thanh-ha vi Trnh Tuy ba bn ln, Trnh Tuy
do-d mi khng ra. Sau Trnh Tuy cng vi Trnh duy Tun em hn mt vn qun ra gip, th vua li
nghe li bn Phm in bt Nguyn b K l thuc tng ca Trnh Tuy em git i. Trnh Tuy tc
gin em qun bt vua Chiu-tng v Thanh-ha.
Nm gip-thn (1524) Mc ng Dung em qun vo nh Thanh- ha, Trnh Tuy thua trn ri cht,
vua Chiu-tng b bt em v ng- h (thuc huyn Th-xng), ri cho ngi n git i.
Cch hai nm sau l nm inh-hi (1527), Mc ng Dung bt cc quan nh L tho bi chiu truyn
ngi cho nh Mc.
Cung-hong v b Hong-thi-hu u b git c. By gi triu-thn c V Du, Ng Hon, quan -
ng-s l Nguyn vn Vn, quan Hn-lm hiu-l l Nguyn thi Bt, quan L-b thng-th l L
tun Mu, quan Li- b thng-th l m thn Huy, quan Tham-chnh-s l Nguyn duy Tng, quan
Quan-st-s l Nguyn t Cng, tc Bnh-h-b l Nghim b K, quan -ng-s l Li kim
Bng, quan H-b thng-th l Nguyn thiu Tri, quan Ph -ng-s l Nguyn hu Nghim, quan
L-b t Th-Lang l L v Cng u l ngi khoa-gip c, ngi th nh vo mt Mc ng Dung
hay l ly nghin mc p vo mt, hay chi mng, b ng Dung git i. C ngi th theo vua khng
kp, nhy xung sng m cht, ngi th quay u v Lam-sn ly ri t-t. Nhng ngi y u l
ngi c ngha- kh ting thm v sau.
Vy vn nh L phi lc trung-suy, nhng cng-c vua Thi-t v vua Thnh-tng lm cho lng
ngi khng qun nh L, cho nn du nh Mc c cp ngi cng khng c lu bn, v v sau h
Trnh tuy c chuyn-quyn nhng cng ch gi ngi cha, ch khng dm cp ngi vua.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 1
Lch Triu Lc K
(1528 - 1802)
1. Nam-triu Bc triu
Nc Nam ta t khi Ng Vng Quyn nh ui c qun Nam- Hn, vua inh Tin-hong dp yn
c lon Thp-nh S-qun lp thnh mt nc t-ch, i n qua i kia k truyn c non 600
nm. n u thp-lc th-k, bi v vua nh L hoang dm v , b vic chnh-tr -nt, cho nn
trong nc lon-lc, nh Mc nhn dp m lm s thon-ot. Nh L tuy mt ngi, nhng lng
ngi cn tng nh n cng-c ca vua Thi-t v vua Thnh-tng, cho nn li theo ph con chu
nh L trung- hng ln pha nam, lp ra mt Triu-nh ring vng Thanh-ha, ngh- an chng
nhau vi nh Mc. y l thnh ra Nam-triu v Bc-triu; hai bn nh nhau trong nm su mi nm
tri.
Nh Hu-L t khi trung-hng ln, con-chu vn gi ngi lm vua, nhng quyn chnh-tr c h
Trnh. Cn pha nam th t sng Linh-giang tr vo l c-nghip ca h Nguyn. Tuy vy, hai h ch
xng cha, ch khng xng vua, v b ngoi vn tn-ph nh L. Sau ny ta hy chp tm c cc i
vua v cc i cha cho r s k truyn. Cn nhng cng-vic v thi by gi th ta s bn ring r
tng mc cho r-rng.
Trung-tng hy l Duy Huyn, con vua Trang-tng. Ngi lm vua c 8 nm, th 28 tui.
BC TRIU
Nh L trung-hng ln Thanh-ha.
L Anh Tng (1556 - 1573) Nin hiu: Thin-hu (1557) Chnh-tr (1558-1571) Hng-phc (1572-
1573)
Anh-tng hy l Duy-bang, chu huyn-tn ng L Tr, anh vua Thi-t ngy trc. Vua Trung-tng
khng c con, cho nn ng Trnh Kim mi i tm ngi v lp nn lm vua.
Khi Trnh Kim mt ri, quyn v Trnh Tng, ngi phi trn v Ngh-an. Trnh Tng sai ngi ui
theo bt v git i. Ngi lm vua c 16 nm, th 42 tui.
Tuyn Tng Mc Phc Nguyn (1546 - 1561) Nin hiu: Vnh-nh (1547) Cnh-lch (1548-1553)
Quang-bo (1554-1561)
Knh-tng hy l duy-tn, con vua Th-tng. Ngi lm vua n nm k-mi (1619) b Trnh Tng bt
phi tht c m t tn. Tr-v c 20 nm, th 32 tui.
TRNH
Bnh An Vng Trnh Tng (1570 - 1620) Miu hiu: Thnh t Trit Vng
Trnh Tng tranh quyn ca anh, ni nghip Trnh Kim nh ph nh Mc, ly li t ng-. Lp
ra nghip cha Trnh, nhng vn tn vua L.
NGUYN
oan Qun Cng Nguyn Hong (1600 - 1613)
ng Nguyn Hong l con th hai ng Nguyn Kim, vo trn t Thun-ha v Qung- nam lp ra
nghip cha Nguyn.
Truy tn l Hi-tng Hin vn Hong-, ng thi gi l cha Si. Ngi l con th 6 ng Nguyn
Hong, ci h l Nguyn-phc.
L Thn Tng (1619-1643) (ln th nht) Nin-hiu: Vnh-t (1620-1628) c-long (1629-1643)
Dng-ha (1635-1643)
Thn-tng hy l Duy-K, con vua Knh-tng. Lm vua n nm qu-mi (1643) th nhng ngi cho
Thi-t, m lm Thi-thng-hong.
TRNH
NGUYN
Trong i ngi, vua nh Minh l Qu-vng ng Qung-ty sai s sang phong cho ngi l An-nam
quc-vng.
TRNH
NGUYN
L Thn Tng (1649-1662) (ln th hai) Nin-hiu: Khnh-c (1649-1652) - Thnh-c (1653-
1657) - Vnh-th (1658-1661) - Vn-khnh (1662)
TRNH
Trnh Trng mt nm inh- du (1657)
NGUYN
Huyn-tng hy l Duy-V, con th hai vua Thn-tng. Trong i ngi lm vua mi khi u thng s
vi nh Thanh, v cm o Gia-t. Ngi lm vua c 9 nm, th 18 tui.
TRNH
Trnh Tc
NGUYN
Gia-tng hy l Duy-Hi, con th ba vua Thn-tng. Lc ngi ln hai tui th Thn-tng mt, Trnh
Tc em v nui trong ph. Khi vua Huyn-tng mt, khng c con, Trnh Tc lp ngi ln lm vua,
c 4 nm, th c 15 tui.
TRNH
Trnh Tc
NGUYN
Hi-tng hy l Duy-Hp, con th t vua Thn-tng. Khi Thn-tng mt, b Trnh-th mi c thai c
bn thng, Trnh Tc em v nui bn ph. Gia-tng mt khng c con, Trnh Tc lp ln lm vua
c 29 nm ri truyn ngi cho Thi-t m lm Thi-thng-hong.
TRNH
Trnh Cn lm cha c 28 nm th mt, truyn ngi cha cho chu huyn-tn l Trnh Cng.
NGUYN
D-tng hy l Duy-ng, lm vua c 24 nm, b Trnh Cng bt phi truyn ngi cho Thi-t l
Duy-Phng. Mt nm tn-hi (1731), th 52 tui.
TRNH
Mt nm k-du (1729).
NGUYN
Truy tn l Tc-tng Hiu- ninh Hong-, m-mang t Gia-nh, v bo-h nc Chn- lp.
Duy-phng lm vua c 3 nm, b Trnh Giang vu cho t thng vi v Trnh Cng, phi b, ging
xung lm Hn-c- cng, ri n nm nhm-t (1732) th b git.
TRNH
NGUYN
Nguyn-phc Tr.
Thun-tng hy l Duy-Tng. Ngi l con vua D-tng, trc c lp lm Thi-t, sau b Trnh
Cng b lp Duy- Phng. Trnh Giang li b Duy-Phng lp ngi ln lm vua, mt nm t-mo
(1735), th 37 tui.
TRNH
Trnh Giang
NGUYN
Nguyn-phc Tr
-tng hy l Duy-Thn, con vua D-tng, Trnh Giang b con vua Thun-tng m lp ngi.
Nm canh-thn (1740) Trnh Doanh bt ngi phi nhng ngi cho con vua Thun-tng, ri lm Thi-
thng-hong, mt nm k-mo (1759), th 41 tui.
TRNH
Trnh Giang b b nm canh- thn (1740), lm Thi-thng- vng. Em l Trnh Doanh ln thay.
TRNH
Tn Vng Trnh Cn
NGUYN
V-vng Nguyn-phc Khot xng vng-hiu nm t- du (1765).
i ngi lm cha b Trng phc Loan chuyn quyn. Qun Ty-sn ni ln nh pha nam, qun h
Trnh nh pha bc.
Sau qun cha Trnh vo ly mt Ph-Xun, nh-vng chy vo Gia-nh b tng Ty-sn l
Nguyn vn Hu git mt. Ngi th 24 tui.
Mn- l chu ch-tn vua Hin-tng. Ngi b qun Ty-sn nh thua chy sang Tu cu-cu, sau
nh thua li tr sang Tu, b quan Tu lm nhc, ri mt Yn-kinh.
TRNH
Khi qun Ty-sn v Nam ri, ng h Trnh li lp Trnh Bng ln lm cha. Vua gi Nguyn hu
Chnh ra nh h Trnh, Trnh Bng b i tu.
NGUYN
(1527-1592)
1. Chnh-tr nh Mc
4. Quyn v h Trnh
7. Nh Mc mt ngi
9. Con-chu nh Mc Cao-bng
1. Chnh-Tr Nh Mc.
Nh Mc tuy lm vua, nhng cn s lng ngi nh nh L, cho nn cng-vic g cng theo php
nh L c, ri li tng phong cho nhng ngi v nh L m tun-tit, v lc dng nhng con-chu cc
quan cu thn, phong cho quan-tc d v vi mnh. Nhng m k th trn-trnh vo ch sn-
lm, k th i ra ngoi-quc, k th i h tn, khng my ngi chu phc. Li c k tc-gin v h
Mc lm iu gian-c, t hp nhng ngi ngha-kh ni ln nh ph, nh L cng Uyn, Nguyn
Ng, Nguyn th Trng, khi-ngha t Thanh-ha, nhng v th-lc khng , cho nn phi thua.
Sau li c L ni ln nh h Mc t M-giang, my phen c thng trn, nhng cng v
khinh ch cho nn n ni phi b bt.
Mc ng Doanh lm vua c 10 nm, n nm canh-t (1540) th mt, truyn ngi li cho con l
Mc phc Hi.
Vic nh sang nh h Mc khng phi l vua nh Minh c v g h L, nhng chng qua cng mun
nhn lc nc Nam c bin, ly c m sang lm s chim gi nh khi trc sang nh h H vy. Ta
phi bit rng phm nhng vic nc n giao-thip vi nc kia th thng l ngi ta mn ting "
v ngha " m lm nhng vic " v li " m thi.
n thng 11 nm canh-t (1540), Mc ng Dung thy qun nh Minh sa-son sang nh, s-hi qu
chng, bn Mc phc Hi li gi nc, ri cng vi bn V nh Qu c thy hn 40 ngi, t
tri mnh ra hng, sang chu ti ca Nam-quan, ly phc xung t np s in-th v s dn-
inh, li xin dng t 5 ng: l ng T-phu, ng Kim-lc, ng C-xung, ng Liu-ct, ng La-
ph, v t Khm-chu. Li em vng bc dng ring cho nh Minh.
Quan nh Minh tuy lm b hng-hch ni em binh sang nh, nhng cng s phi ci v nh my nm
bnh-nh ngy trc, v li c tin bc ca ng Dung ri, ci lng nhit thnh v quc cng ngui
i, cho nn mi tu vi vua nh Minh xin phong cho Mc ng Dung lm chc - thng-s hm quan
nh-phm nh Minh.
lm quan Hu-v in-tin Tng-qun An-thanh-hu, trn sang Ai-lao. Vua nc y l X-u cho
n x Sm-chu (thuc Trn-man ph, t Thanh-ha). ng Nguyn Kim n Sm-chu ri cho
ngi i tm con-chu nh L s khi-phc. n nm qu-t (1532) tm c mt ngi con rt
vua Chiu-tng tn l Duy-Ninh lp ln lm vua, tc l Trang- tng.
Khi y li c mt ngi tng gii tn l Trnh Kim, lng Sc-sn, huyn Vnh-lc, ph Qung-
ha. ng Nguyn Kim thy ngi c ti, g con gi l Ngc Bo cho, cng ra sc gip nh L, dt
nh Mc.
97
Xem sch Vit Nam Khai Quc Ch truyn, th ng Nguyn Kim tc l ng Nguyn Hong Kim, l con
ng Nguyn Hong D, chu ng Nguyn Vn Lang, u lm quan nh L c. 4. Quyn V H Trnh.
Nm t-t (1545) ng Nguyn Kim em qun tin nh Sn-nam, i n huyn Yn-m, b Dng
chp Nht l hng tng nh Mc nh thuc c cht. Nhng binh-quyn giao c li cho con r l
Trnh Kim.
Trnh Kim rt qun v Thanh-ha, lp hnh-in n Vn-li (thuc huyn Thy-nguyn, Thanh-
ha) cho vua , ri chiu-m nhng k ho-kit, luyn-tp qun-s, tch tr lng-tho lo vic
nh h Mc.
By gi c nhng ngi danh-s nh l cc ng Phng khc Khoan (tc l trng Bng), ng Lng hu
Khnh u vo gip nh L. Giang-sn by gi chia lm hai: t Thanh-ha tr vo thuc nh L, lm
Nam-Triu; t Sn-nam tr ra thuc v h Mc, lm Bc-Triu.
Nm bnh-ng (1546) Mc phc Hi mt, truyn ngi li cho con l Mc phc Nguyn, nin-hiu
Vnh-nh.
Nm mu-thn (1548) vua Trang-tng mt, Trnh Kim lp Thi-t tn l Duy Huyn ln lm vua,
c 8 nm th mt, tc l Trung-tng.
Vua Trung-tng mt khng c con, m by gi dng-di h L cng khng c ai, vic binh-quyn th
trong tay Trnh Kim c.
Tc truyn rng Trnh Kim lng-l mun t xng lm vua, nhng cn cha dm nh hn b no,
cc quan cng khng ai bit lm th no cho phi. Sau Trnh Kim cho ngi ln ra Hi-dng hi
ng Nguyn bnh Khim 98 , tc l Trng Trnh, xem nn lm th no.
ng Nguyn bnh Khim khng ni g c, ch ngnh li bo y-t rng: " Nm nay mt ma, thc
ging khng tt, chng my nn tm ging c m gieo m ". Ni ri li sai y-t ra bo tiu qut-dn
cha v t hng, ng ra chi cha, ri bo tiu rng: " Gi cha th Pht th n on ".
S-gi v k chuyn li cho Trnh Kim nghe. Trnh Kim hiu , mi cho ngi i tm con chu h
L. Sau tm c ngi chu huyn-tn ng L Tr, l anh vua Thi-t, tn l Duy Bang, lng B-
v, huyn ng- sn, rc v lp ln lm vua.
98
ng Nguyn Bnh Khim lm quan nh Mc, c phong l Trnh Quc Cng cho nn mi gi l
Trng Trnh, sau v tr s lng Trung An, huyn Vnh Li, tnh Hi Dng.
Vic tranh chin vn c nh trc: khi th Trnh Kim ra nh Sn- nam, khi th Mc knh in vo
nh Thanh-ha, hai bn khng bn no c hn.
Nm canh-ng (1570) Trnh Kim mt, trao quyn li cho con trng l Trnh Ci lo vic nh
dp. Nhng Trnh Ci hay say m tu sc, tng-s khng my ngi phc; li c em l Trnh Tng
mun cp quyn ca anh, bn cng vi bn L cp , Trnh Bch rc vua v n Vn-li, ri chia
qun ra chng vi Trnh Ci.
Qun nh Mc rt v ri, vua phong cho Trnh Tng lm Thi-y Trng-quc-cng, v thng thng
cho cc tng-s. Li sai ng Phng khc Khoan i chiu-tp nhng hoang dn Thanh-ha v yn-
nghip lm n, v chnh-n vic chnh-tr li.
By gi vic g cng do Trnh Tng quyt-on c, uy-quyn hng- hch, vua cng ly lm lo. L cp
thy vy, mu vi vua tr h Trnh, nhng Trnh Tng bit dng mu git Cp , vua Anh-
tng bit s khng thnh, lo s lm, bn cng vi bn hong-t chy vo Ngh-an.
Trnh Tng thy vua xut ngoi ri, bn cho ngi i rc hong-t th nm l Duy m, lng
Qung-thi, huyn thy-nguyn v lm vua, ri sai Nguyn hu Liu em binh i ui theo vua Anh-
tng.
Trnh Tng git vua Anh-tng ri, thng thng cho nhng ngi ng ng vi mnh, v chia qun ra
phng gi cc ni chng vi qun nh Mc.
T nm qu-du (1573) cho n nm qu-mi (1583) va 10 nm, Trnh Tng c gi vng t Thanh-
ha, Ngh-an, cho qun nh Mc vo nh phi hao binh tn tng. Trong by nhiu nm, tng
nh Mc l Mc knh in, Nguyn Quyn, v Mc ngc Lin, khi th vo nh Thanh-ha, khi th vo
nh c mt Thanh v mt Ngh, nhng m khng bao gi thnh cng, phen no cng c mt vi
trn ri li thua, phi rt qun v.
Nm tn-mo ( 1591 ) Trnh Tng sai Din-qun-cng Trnh vn Hi, Thi-qun-cng Nguyn tht L
em binh trn-th cc ca b v cc ni him-yu. Sau Th-qun-cng L Ha li gi ng-dinh v
c a ht Thanh-ha. Phng b u ri, bn em hn 5 vn qun chia ra lm 5 i, sai quan Thi-
ph Nguyn hu Liu, quan Thi-y Hong nh i, Ln-qun- cng H th Lc, Th-qun-cng Ng
cnh Hu, mi ngi lnh mt i, cn Trnh Tng t lnh 2 vn qun ra ca Thin-quan (Ninh-Bnh)
qua ni Yn m ( huyn An-sn ) t Tn-phong (tc l Tin-phong ) ri ko v ng Tt-lm ( ? )
.
1. Khng c vo nh dn m ly n v ci-uc.
v t th m git ngi.
Ai phm ba iu y th c theo qun-php m tr. on ri, tin qun ln nh Thng-long thnh.
Mc mu Hp thy qun nh L li tin ln, bn sai Mc ngc Lin, Bi vn Khu, Nguyn Quyn v
Trn bch Nin li gi thnh Thng-long, ri em qun sang sng Nh-h v ng lng Th Khi.
Trnh Tng sai tng chia qun vy nh cc ca thnh. Qun nh Mc gi khng ni, ba tng ly u
phi ph c bn Mc ngc Lin, Bi vn Khu phi b thnh m chy, Nguyn Quyn th b bt.
7. Nh Mc Mt Ngi.
Trnh Tng c Vn Khu v hng, mng lm, lin sai Hong nh i ra n Vn Khu ri em i
lm tin i, t mnh li em i binh tr ra Trng-an, gp qun nh Mc sng Thin-phi ( v
cui huyn -yn v huyn Phong-doanh, tnh Nam-nh ), nh nhau mt trn, ly c 70 chic
thuyn, tng nh Mc l Trn bch Nin v hng.
Mc mu Hp c tin qun mnh thua to, b thnh Thng-long chy sang Hi-dng v ng kim-
thnh thuc Hi-dng.
Trnh Tng ra n Thng-long, ri sai Nguyn tht L, Bi vn Khu v Trn bch Nin sang nh
Mu Hp Kim-thnh, ly c vng bc ca ci nhiu lm, v bt c m Mu Hp em v.
Mc mu Hp thy qun mnh thua lun, bn giao quyn chnh-tr cho con l Mc Ton ri t mnh
lm tng em qun i nh.
Trnh Tng sang ng qun huyn Vnh-li, ri sai Phm vn Khoi em qun i ui nh Mu
Hp huyn Yn-dng v huyn V-ninh ( nay l V-giang ). Mc mu Hp phi b thuyn chy ln
b, vo n trong ci cha huyn Phng-nhn. Vn Khoi ui n y, c ngi ch dn bt c
em v Thng-long, lm ti sng ba ngy, ri chm u vo bu trong Thanh-ha.
Thng 3 nm bnh-thn ( 1596 ) vua Th-tng sai quan H-b Thng-th l Ung v quan -
ng-s l Nguyn vn Giai ln Nam- quan tip quan Tu. Sau li sai hai ng hong-thn l L Cnh,
L Lu cng vi quan Cng-b t-th-lang l Phng khc Khoan em 10 ngi k-mc, 100 cn vng,
1,000 cn bc, ci n An-nam -thng-s ca nh Mc v ci n An-nam-quc-vng ca vua nh
L ngy trc, sang cho quan nh Minh khm. Nhng quan nh Minh li bt vua Th-tng phi thn
hnh sang hi ca Nam-quan.
Trnh Tng sai Hong nh i, Nguyn hu Liu em mt vn qun i h gi, a vua sang ph hi.
Sang n ni, quan nh Minh li i phi np ngi vng v n vng nh tch c, ri khng chu n
hi. Vua ch lu, khng xong vic li phi tr v.
n khi xa gi v, Trnh Tng em cc quan i n mng ri sai Cng-b t-th-lang Phng khc
Khoan lm chnh-s, quan Thi-Thng t- khanh Nguyn nhn Thim lm ph s, em l sang
Yn-kinh cng nh Minh v xin phong.
Vua nh Minh ch phong cho vua Th-tng lm An-nam -thng- S. ng Phng khc Khoan dng s
tu rng : " -thng-s l chc c ca h Mc, ch vua nc Nam l dng di h L, m phong cho
chc y th khng xng-ng
Nm bnh-thn ( 1596 ) Trnh Tng sai quan Trn-th Hi-dng l Phan Ngn nh bt c Knh
Chng.
Li c ngi Mc knh Dng l con Mc knh Chi chim-gi t Yn- bc ( Lng-sn ) xng lm Uy-
vng, nhng cng chng bao lu b qun h Trnh bt c.
T khi Trnh Tng dt c h Mc, thu giang sn li cho nh L ri, mi ngy mt kiu hnh, chim
gi ly quyn chnh tr v li h hip nh vua. H Nguyn trong Thun-ha thy h Trnh chuyn
quyn, cng t xng c-lp min Nam, lm thnh ra Nam Bc i ni v gy nn s chin tranh rt
l tn-hi cho nc nh.
Nm k-hi ( 1599 ) i vua Th-tng nh L, Trnh Tng thu-xp xong vic thng s vi nh Minh,
v chu nhng t Cao-bng cho con- chu nh Mc ri, trong nc yn dn, bn t xng lm
-nguyn-sy Tng-quc-chnh Thng-phu Bnh-an-vng ri nh l cp bng cho vua c thu
thu 1.000 x, gi l lc thng-tin, cp cho vua 5.000 lnh lm qun tc-v. Cn nhng vic t
quan, thu thu, bt lnh, tr dn, u thuc v h Trnh c. Ch c khi no thit triu hay l tip s th
mi cn n vua m thi.
ng Nguyn Kim c hai ngi con l Nguyn Ung v Nguyn Hong cng lm tng lp c nhiu
cng. Ngi anh l Nguyn Ung c phong l Lang-qun-cng, ngi em l Nguyn Hong c
phong l Thi-y on-qun-cng.
Nhng v Trnh Kim s h Nguyn tranh mt quyn mnh, bn kim chuyn m git Nguyn Ung i.
Cn Nguyn Hong cng s Trnh Kim c m hi, cha bit th no mi cho ngi ra Hi-dng
hi ng Nguyn bnh Khim. ng y bo rng : " Honh-sn nht i, vn i dung thn
Nguyn Hong mi ni vi ch l b Ngc Bo xin Trnh Kim cho vo trn pha Nam.
Nm mu-ng ( 1558 ) i vua An-tng, Trnh Kim mi tu vua cho Nguyn Hong vo trn t
Thun-ha. By gi nhng ngi h hng huyn Tng-sn cng nhng qun lnh t Thanh-ngh
nhiu ngi a c v con theo i. Nguyn Hong vo ng X i-t ( sau gi l kho Cy- kh ),
thuc huyn ng-xng, tnh Qung-tr.
Nguyn Hong l mt ngi khn-ngoan m li c lng nhn-c, thu-dng ho-kit, yn-i nhn-dn,
cho nn lng ngi ai cng mn-phc.
n nm k-t ( 1569 ) ng ra chu vua An-trng. Qua nm sau Trnh Kim gi quan tng-binh
Qung-nam l Nguyn b Qunh v gi t Ngh-an, v li cho ng vo trn c t Thun-ha v t
Qung-nam. L mi nm phi np thu l 400 cn bc, 500 tm la.
Nm nhm-thn ( 1572 ) nhn lc Trnh Kim mi mt, con l Trnh Ci v Trnh Tng nh nhau, nh
Mc em qun vo nh Thanh-ha v sai tng l Lp Bo em mt ton qun i 60 chic thuyn,
bi ng hi- o ko vo ng lng H-x v lng Lng-uyn ( thuc huyn Minh-linh )
nh Nguyn Hong.
99
Nm canh-t ( 1600 ) nhn v h Trnh kiu hnh qu, cc quan c nhiu ngi khng phc ; bn Phan
Ngn, Ng nh Hm, Bi vn Khu khi binh chng li vi h Trnh ca i-an ( thuc Nam-nh
), Nguyn Hong mi em bn b tng-s gi cch ni i nh gic, ri theo ng hi-o v
Thun-ha.
Nguyn Hong v Thun-ha ri, s h Trnh nghi-ng, bn em ngi con gi l b Ngc T g cho
Trnh Trng l con trai Trnh Tng. Ngi gi t Thun-ha, cho ngi con th su vo trn t
Qung-nam dng ra kho tng, tch-tr lng thc.
Nm k hi (1599), vua Th Tng mt, Trnh Tng cng vi cc quan triu thn lp hong t l Duy
Tn ln lm vua, tc l vua Knh Tng. Qua nm sau (1600) bn Phan Ngn, Ng nh Hm v Bi
Vn Khu ni lon ca i An. Trnh Tng Thng Long s bn mt th ch, bn rc vua vo
Thanh Ha.
Trnh Tng em Knh Tng vo Thanh Ha ri thu xp ra ly li Thng Long, nhng cn s mt Thun
Ha c bin chng, bn sai quan vo y d Nguyn Hong; on ri em thy b i qun ra Bc,
nh bt c Bi Th git i, cn Mc Knh Cung b chy sang Kim Thnh Hi Dng, sau thy
ng ca mnh thua c, li b Kim Thnh chy ln Cao Bng.
Trnh Tng ly li Thng Long ri sai quan vo rc vua ra, v sai cc tng i tiu tr ng h Mc
mt Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn v Yn Quang.
Trnh Tng cng ngy cng kiu hnh qu, vua cng khng chu c, li nhn h Trnh c con l Trnh
Xun mun ganh quyn vi ngi con trng l Trnh Trng, vua Knh Tng mi mu vi Trnh Xun
git Trnh Tng, nhng chng may s khng thnh. Trnh Tng bc vua phi tht c cht, v bt
Trnh Xun giam my thng ri tha.
Trnh Tng git vua Knh Tng ri, lp Hong T l Duy K ln lm vua, tc l vua Thn Tng.
Nm qu hi (1623) Trnh Tng au, hi cc quan li giao binh quyn cho con l Trnh Trng, v cho
Trnh Xun lm ph.
Trnh Xun khng bng lng, em binh lm lon, t ph kinh thnh, Trnh Tng thy bin, chy v x
Hong Mai, vo nh Trnh , ri cho gi Trnh Xun n bt git i. c my hm Trnh Tng mt
cha Thanh Xun, thuc huyn Thanh Tr.
Trnh Trng ln ni nghip lm cha. Nhng v ng Trnh Xun cn lm lon, cho nn mi a vua
v Thanh Ha. Vua phong cho Trnh Trng lm Thi y Thanh Quc Cng, tit ch thy b ch qun.
By gi c Mc Knh Khoan l chu Mc Knh Cung xng lm Khnh Vng t Thi Nguyn.
Trc b qun h Trnh nh ph my trn, phi ln n np t Cao Bng, nay th"y ngi nh h
Trnh lm lon, li em qun vo ng lng Th Khi, huyn Gia Lm. Nhng chng bao lu Trnh
Trng Thanh Ha ra nh. Knh Khoan li phi chy v Cao Bng.
Triu nh phong cho Knh Khoan lm Thi y Thng Quc Cng, v cho gi t Cao Bng theo l
cng tin.
2. Nh Thanh Dy Nghip.
t Mn Chu by gi chia lm bn b:
N Nh Cp Xch mt, con ln ni nghip tc l Thanh Thi Tng. Sau nhn c ci Truyn Quc T
ca nc Tu, Thi Tng mi ci quc hiu l i Thanh.
Cc qun cu thn nh Minh lp Phc Vng ln lm vua Nam Kinh, nhng sau v cc tng khng
ha vi nhau, Phc Vng phi ra hng.
Phc Vng hng Thanh ri, ng Vng xng Phc Chu, chng bao lu cng b bt, phi
nhn n m cht.
Dng di nh Minh l Qu Vng xng t Triu Khnh (thuc tnh Qung Ty) c my nm,
b qun nh Thanh n nh, phi chy sang Din in. Vua Din in bt Qu Vng np cho Ng
Tam Qu. Tam Qu em git i. T y nh Thanh nht thng nc Tu.
Khi Qu vng xng t Qung Ty, c mun nh An Nam cu vin, cho nn mi phong cho
vua Thn Tng nh L lm An Nam Quc Vng v phong Trnh Trng lm ph vng.
T khi Nguyn Hong v Thun Ha ri, b ngoi tuy vn cha ra mt chng vi h Trnh, nhng b
trong th ht sc lo s phng b. Xem nh nm qu su (1613), khi Nguyn Hong sp mt, gi ngi
con th 6 l Nguyn Phc Nguyn vo dn rng: "t Thun, Qung ny bn bc th c ni Hong
Sn, sng Linh Giang, bn nam th c ni Hi Vn v ni Bi Sn tht l mt ni tri cho ngi anh
hng dng v. Vy ta phi thng yu nhn dn, luyn tp qun s m gy dng c nghip v mun
i." Xem li y th bit h Nguyn c mun c lp chng vi h Trnh.
Khi ngoi Bc, Trnh Tng mt, cha Si l ng Nguyn Phc Nguyn bo cc quan rng: "Ta mun
nhn dp ny m ra nh h Trnh, nhng him v cng vic cha xong, vy th hy sai ngi ra phng
iu, trc l cho phi ci ngha hn nhn vi nhau, sau l nhn th xem tnh ngoi Bc ra th no."
Nguyn Hu Dt l ngi lng Gia Miu, huyn Tng Sn, tnh Thanh Ha, hc rng, ti cao, v li
c ti hng bin, nh gic gii, tht l mt bc vn v kim ton.
o Duy T l ngi lng Hoa Trai, huyn Ngc Sn, ph Tnh Gia, tnh Thanh Ha. V ng l con
nh xng ht cho nn khng c i thi, ng phn tr mi i vo min Nam tm ng lp cng,
nhng cha gp c ngi tin c cho, bn vo chn tru cho mt nh ph gia lng Tng Chu,
ph Hoi Nhn (nay l Bnh nh). ng lm bi "Nga Long Cng" t v mnh vi ng Gia Ct
Lng. Sau c quan Khm L l Trn c Ha bit Duy T l ngi c ti, em v nui, v g con
gi cho, ri a dng cha Si. Cha dng lm Ni tn, phong lm Lc Kh Hu 100 .
Nguyn Hu Tin cng l ngi Thanh Ha, lng Vn Trai, huyn Ngc Sn, v ngh tinh thng, dng
binh rt c k lut, tht l mt ngi lm tng c ti vy.
Khi nhng n ly kin c, binh lng ri, cha Si mi ra mt khng thn phc h Trnh
na, v sai tng ra chim gi ly t Nam B Chnh l t pha nam sng Linh Giang lm ch
chng gi. T h Trnh v h Nguyn nh nhau tai hi trong khong 45 nm t Qung Bnh, H
Tnh by gi.
4. nh Nhau Ln Th Nht.
"Hong thng sc d cho Thi bo Thy quc cng l Nguyn Phc Nguyn c bit rng: Mnh
lnh triu nh, o lm ti phi nn tun th; Thu m ph huyn, Tng ngoi ci khng c t
chuyn. Trc y trm c sai Cng b thng th l Nguyn Duy Th, B Kh Hu l Phan Vn Tr
vo Thun Ha, o t tnh , ch bo ng ha phc, cho tnh bit m phc tng quyn chnh
triu nh. Khng ng nh ngi mang lng dng dng, ti ng ti lui, ni thoi thc cho li thi
ngy thng, n ni thu m thiu thn, khng vic chi thu, o lm ti nh th phi cha?
Nh ngi nay nn i li trc, gi gn php tc. Phm ngch thu trong hai x Thun, Qung, t
nm qu hi v trc, c
100
Cha Si tip s nhng khng chu np thu. Trnh Trng li sai s mang sc vua L vo d cha Si
cho con ra chu, v ly 30 con voi cng 30 chic thuyn a i cng nh Minh. Cha Si khng
chu.
Trnh Trng thy vy, bn quyt nh h Nguyn, sai Nguyn Khi v Nguyn Danh Th em 5.000
qun i lm tin phong vo ng x H Trung (tc gi l Cu Doanh), ri em i binh, rc vua L
i nh mt Nam.
5. nh Nhau Ln Th Hai.
Qun H Trnh n i hn 10 ngy, khng thy tin tc g ca ngi nh, bn lui qun ra ch.
6. nh Nhau Ln Th Ba.
Nm t hi (1635) cha Si l Nguyn Phc Nguyn mt, con l Nguyn Phc Lan ln ni nghip lm
cha, gi l cha Thng.
Lc y ngi nh Qung Nam nghe tin cha Si mt ri, anh ln ni nghip, bn pht binh lm phn
- By gi c Nguyn Phc Kh gip cha Thng, sai qun vo nh bt c ngi nh, ly ngha
"Anh em l tnh ring, php nc l ngha ln" em git i.
Trnh Trng thy anh em h Nguyn tranh nhau, sai tng vo nh t Nam B Chnh, git c
tng h Nguyn l Bi Cng Thng ri tin ln ng ca Nht L.
7. nh Nhau Ln Th T.
em qun thy b vo nh min Nam; b binh tin ln ng t Nam B Chnh; cn thy qun th
vo nh ca Nht L.
By gi c hai cha con Trng Phc Phn c sc gi ly Trng Dc, qun h Trnh nh m khng
tin ln c.
Cha Nguyn sai con l Nguyn Phc Tn em binh ra chng gi vi h Trnh, khi ra n Qung Bnh,
Nguyn Phc Tn hi cc tng li bn rng: "Qun kia tuy nhiu, nhng ngi nh gii th t. Nu
n m, ta cho voi xng vo ri em i qun n nh l chc ph c". on ri, mt mt cho
thy qun i phc sn sng Cm La chn ng qun Trnh chy v; mt mt sai Nguyn Hu
Tin em 100 con voi n canh nm xng vo tri qun Trnh, qun b tip sau vo nh ph. Qu
nhin qun
102
C ni chp l Trnh o hay l Hn Tin. Trnh thua to chy v Bc, li gp qun thy ca h Nguyn
n ng ui nh mi n sng Lam Giang mi thi.
Trn y qun h Nguyn bt c my ngi tng v 3.000 qun ca h Trnh.
Trnh Trng thy qun mnh thua, sai L Vn Hiu cng vi Trn Ngc Hu lnh mt vn qun ng
H Trung, L Hu c cng vi V Lng ng Hong Sn, Phm Tt Ton ng t Bc B
Chnh phng gi qun h Nguyn.
Lc by gi trong Nam th cha Thng mt, truyn nghip cha li cho con l Nguyn Phc Tn,
gi l cha Hin. ngoi Bc th vua Chn Tng mt, khng c con, Trnh Trng li rc Thn Tng,
Thi Thng Hong, v lm vua ln na.
8. nh Nhau Ln Th Nm.
Thng t nm t t (1655) cha Hin sai Thun Ngha Hu l Nguyn Hu Tin, Chiu V Hu l
Nguyn Hu Dt em qun qua sng Linh Giang ra nh t Bc B Chnh, tng h Trnh l Phm
Tt Ton v hng.
Trnh Trng thy bn L Vn Hiu binh bi H Trung, bn cho s vo triu v kinh, v sai Trnh
Trng vo lm Thng lnh, kinh lc t Ngh An.
Nguyn Hu Tin thy qun h Trnh tin, bn rt qun v sng Linh Giang nh qun nghch.
Nhng m Trnh Trng thy t nhin qun Nguyn b v nh vy, s c mu k g, khng dm ui,
bn ng qun li Lc Xuyn, ri cho 500 ngi vo ng n H Trung.
Nguyn Hu Tin thy qun h Trnh khng ui, bn em qun n nh qun Trnh Lc Xuyn;
cn Nguyn Hu Dt th em thy binh ra nh ca K La, ui chin thuyn ca h Trnh v ca
Chu Nhai.
Nguyn Hu Tin v Nguyn Hu Dt tha thng tin binh ln nh qun h Trnh, ri chim gi ly
n Lc Xuyn. Binh tng h Trnh phi chy v An Trng.
By gi nhng huyn pha nam sng Lam Giang (tc l sng C by gi) l huyn K Hoa, huyn
Thch H, huyn Thin Lc, huyn Nghi Xun, huyn La Sn, huyn Hng Sn, huyn Thanh
Chng, c thy l by huyn u thuc v h Nguyn c.
Tin qun Trnh thua Lc Xuyn ra n Thng Long, Trnh Trng ging Trnh Trng xung lm
c, ri sai con l Trnh Tc vo Ngh An lm Thng lnh chng gi vi qun h Nguyn.
Bn Nguyn Hu Tin thy qun Trnh Tc li tin, lin lui qun v ng H Trung gi trn th.
Nhng by gi ngoi Bc lm vic, Trnh Trng phi gi Trnh Tc v, tng l o Quang
Nhiu li trn th t Ngh An, ng An Trng, sai Thn Vn Quang, Mn Vn Lin ng lng
Tip V (thuc huyn Thin Lc), thy qun ng sng Khu c (thuc huyn Nghi Xun).
Qua nm bnh thn (1656) qun h Nguyn n nh n Tip V, bn Thn Vn Quang b chy,
Nguyn Hu Tin em qun n ng sng Tam Ch. Cn Nguyn Hu Dt tin binh n ni Hng
Lnh, gp qun h Trnh nh ui n t Mn Tng, ri li gp thy binh caV Vn Thim, nh
ph mt trn, Vn Thim thua chy. Qun h Nguyn tha thng tin ln n lng Minh Lng v lnh
Bnh Lng gp qun ca o Quang Nhiu, hai bn nh nhau mt trn rt d. o Quang Nhiu thua
chy v An Trng, dng biu t ti v xin vin binh.
Trnh Trng sai ngi con t l Ninh Qun Cng Trnh Ton (tc hay gi l ng Ninh) vo lm thng
lnh trn th t Ngh An.
Trnh Ton vo n Ngh An, c ch qun tin ln n Thch H, sai o Quang Nhiu v Dng
H em binh n ng lng Hng Bc v lng i Ni, sai L S Hu, Bi S Lng em thy
qun n ng Nam Gii, v sai V Vn Thim em thy qun n ng Chu Nhau.
Nguyn Hu Tin thy qun h Trnh c ng nh vy, bn sai bn Dng Tr, Tng Phc Khang cng
vi Nguyn Hu Dt em thy b qun n nh qun Trnh Nam gii, ly c hn 30 chic
thuyn, ri trn xung sng Lam Giang nh V Vn Thim Chu Nhai, V Vn Thim phi b
thuyn m chy.
Trnh Ton thy cc o thy binh ca mnh thua, bn rt v ng bn Hot, bng nghe tin ton
qun ca o Quang Nhiu b vy Hng bc, lp tc em qun n cu, hai bn nh nhau lng
i Ni, qun h Nguyn chy v H Trung. Trnh Ton v o Quang Nhiu em qun ui n Tam
Lng, b qun ca Nguyn Hu Tin v Nguyn Hu Dt n ng nh ph. Trnh Ton li thua,
phi chy v An Trng.
Trnh Ton t khi vo trn th t Ngh An, hu i tng s, yu mn qun dn, lng ngi u phc;
nhng chng c bao lu, Trnh Trng mt, Trnh Tc ln thay, thy em c nhiu ngi mn phc, ly
lm nghi k, bn cho con l Trnh Cn vo cng trn t Ngh An, c gi cho khi bin lon.
on ri cho ngi vo i Trnh Ton v kinh, trch sao khng v chu tang, bt b ngc giam cht.
Binh quyn Ngh An giao li cho Trnh Cn. n thng su nm inh su (16570 Trnh Cn chia
qun lm 3 o, sai L Hin lm tng trung qun, sai Hong Ngha Giao lm tng t qun, sai Trnh
Th Cng lm tng hu qun, sang sng Lam Giang ri tin ln nh tng nh Nguyn l Tng Hu
i lng Nam Hoa (thuc huyn Thanh Chng).
T qun hai bn c gi nhau sng Lam Giang, thnh thong nh nhau mt trn, nh thng chp
nm mu tut (1658), nh lng Tun L (huyn Hng Sn), qun h Nguyn phi li; n thng
tm nm canh t (1660) nh Nghi Xun, qun h Trnh thua b thuyn m chy; qua thng 9 nm y
ang khi qun h Nguyn cn ng lng Hoa Vin (tc l lng Xun Vin by gi), Trnh Cn nh
sang ly ni Ln Sn gi trn th, bn sai Hong Ngha Giao v Phan Kim Ton em binh sang
ssng Lam Giang lng m Cng, v sai L Hin 103
Nguyn Hu Tin bit vic y, trong bng ly lm khng bng lng, v by gi li nhn c nhng s tt
mi hng t Ngh An, thng hay b trn, Hu Tin bn hi ch tng li bnx em nn nh
hay l nn lui v. Mi ngi u mun lui v, duy ch c Nguyn Hu Dt khng chu.
Khi cc tng h Nguyn ang bn bc, th c tin rng Trnh Cn sai bn L Hin i men b b n
lng Cng Gin, bn Hong Ngha Giao n lng Lng Tru v lng Mn Trng, ri tin ln nh
lng An in v lng Ph Lu; qun h Nguyn thua. c tin y Nguyn Hu Tin quyt em
qun v, nhng b ngoi gi tng truyn ln cho cc tng rng n ti 28 th cc o u phi tin
sang nh An Trng, Nguyn Hu Dt em binh i hu tip. on ri, dn ring cc tng n na
m rt qun v Nam B Chnh, khng cho Nguyn Hu Dt bit. Nguyn Hu Dt sm sa u vo
y, ch mi khng c tin tc g, n khi cho ngi i thmv ni mi bit qun mnh rt v Nam
ri. Lc y qun h Trnh sang sng n nh n Khu c. Hu Dt mi dng k nghi binh cho
qun Trnh khng dm tin ln, ri em binh chy v, n Honh sn mi gp qun ca Nguyn Hu
Tin. By gi qun Trnh Cn va ui n, hai bn nh nhau mt trn cht hi rt nhiu.
103
Trnh Cn thy qun h Nguyn gi gn mi ni chc chn lm, liu th nh khng c, bn sai o
Quang Nhiu li trn th t Ngh An v kim lnh c t Bc B Chnh phng gi mi ni, ri
v Thng Long.
9. nh Nhau Ln Th Su.
Quan Trn th Nam B Chnh ca h Nguyn l Nguyn Hu Dt ng lng Phc Lc chia qun ra
p ly, gi vng mi ni, qun Trnh nh mi my thng khng c.
n thng 3 nm nhm dn (1662), qun mt, lng ht, Trnh Tc phi thu qun v rc vua v Bc.
Nguyn Hu Dt em binh ui nh n sng Linh Giang mi thi.
Cha Hin cng sai em th t l Hip lm Nguyn Sy em binh ra cng Nguyn Hu Dt v Nguyn
M c gi cc ni him yu ng ch, cha Hin em i binh i tip ng.
Qun h Trnh n nh ly Trn Ninh rt hng, hai ba phen sp ph c ly, nhng Nguyn Hu
Dt ht sc chng gi, qun Trnh nh mi khng c, phi li v Bc B Chnh. n thng chp,
tri ma rt v li nghe tin rng Trnh Cn i n Linh Giang phi bnh nng, Trnh Tc bn sai L
Hin li trn th Ngh An, L S Trit lm c ng H Trung gi cc ni yu l, ly sng
Linh Giang, tc l sng Giang by gi m phn gii hn Nam Bc, ri rt qun v Thng Long.
K t nm inh mo (1627) i vua Thn Tng ln th nht, n nm nhm t (1672) i vua Gia
Tng, va 45 nm, h Trnh, h Nguyn nh nhau c thy 7 ln. Trong by nhiu ln, h Nguyn ch
ra nh h Trnh c mt ln, ly c 7 huyn pha nam sng Lam Giang, nhng v cc tng h
Nguyn khng ng lng vi nhau, cho nn li phi b v gi t c.
Cn nh th lc binh lng th h Trnh mnh hn h Nguyn, nhng ngi Bc phi i nh xa xi,
vn ti kh khn, m ngi Nam th nh t nh mnh, c n ly chc chn, tng s ht lng, cho
nn thnh ra hai bn i ch ch khng lm g c nhau, ch kh cho nhng dn s, phi su dch
vt v, v b tn ph thit hi rt nhiu.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 5
Cng Vic H Trnh Lm t Bc
1. Vic giao thip vi nh Thanh 2. Vic ly t Cao Bng ca h Mc 3. Quan ch 4. Vic binh ch 5.
Hnh lut 6. Thu inh, thu in v su dch 7. Cc th thu 8. S chi thu 9. Vic khai m 10. Vic
c tin 11. S ong lng 12. Vic in sch 13. Vic hc hnh thi c 14. Trng hc v 15. Lm quc
s 16. S nh dp gic gi trong nc: Gic Ngn gi; Gic Ninh xa: Nguyn hu Cu; Nguyn danh
Phng; Hong cng Cht; L duy Mt
Nm t su (1625) Mc Knh Khoan xin v hng, c phong lm Thi y Thng Quc Cng, cho
gi t Cao Bng. Song n nm mu dn (1638) Knh Khoan mt, con l Mc Knh V (c ch gi l
Mc Knh Hon) khng nhn chc v khng chu v cng, li t xng lm vua hiu l Thun c.
T khi Mc Mu Hp phi bt, h Mc tht th Thng Long ri, con chu chy ln mn ngc, nh th
nc Tu c gi t Cao Bng, tng truyn c 3 i, l Mc Knh Cung, Mc Knh Khoan v
Mc Knh V; n nay mi mt hn. Dng di hc Mc hoc b bt, hoc v hng, c nhiu ngi
c tha, cho lm quan vi h Trnh.
3. Quan Ch.
Lc b l: Li b coi vic thuyn chuyn cc quan vin, vic thng hm thng tc, vic cch chc
ging trt, tc l coi mi vic ring v quan li trong nc. H b coi vic in th v nhn dn, thu
kha, lng tin thu vo pht ra. L b coi vic nghi l t t, vic hc hnh thi c, vic o m phm
phc v ph n, vic lm chng lm biu, vic i s nc n nc kia, vic coi thin vn, lm lch,
lm thuc, bi ton, vic quan h tng ni, o s, vic m nhc ca xng. Binh b coi cc v quan,
qun lnh v vic phng b bin gii v.v.... Hnh b coi vic hnh php, kin tng. Cng b coi vic
xy p thnh tr, cung in, cu cng, ng x, sng ngi, rng ni.
V vic v b th trc c Ng ph l: Trung qun ph, ng qun ph, Ty qun ph, Nam qun ph,
Bc qun ph. Mi mt ph t mt c ph c quan t hu c coi vic c qun. Trong i
vua Thnh Tng, th Thanh Ha, Ngh An thuc v Trung qun; Hi Dng, An Bang thuc v ng
qun; Sn nam, Thun ha, Qung nam thuc v Nam qun; Tam Giang, Hng Ha thuc v Ty qun;
Kinh Bc, Lng Sn thuc v Bc qun. n nm gip thn (1664) i vua Huyn Tng, Trnh Tc li
t thm chc Chng ph s v Th ph s coi ht thy cc qun.
Cc quan chc thi by gi, chia ra lm ba ban: vn ban, v ban v gim ban. Theo thng l, th ch
c vn ban v v ban m thi. Nhng t khi h Trnh gi quyn bnh v li yu dng cc ni gim,
thng cho ra lm quan coi vic chnh tr, cho nn mi t ra gim ban. Ban ny n cui i Cnh
hng (1740-1786) mi b.
S kn chn cc quan li th l c my nm li kho hch mt ln, ai khng xng chc th phi ging
xung.
Khi nh L trung hng ra nh h Mc, s qun ch c hn 56.000 ngi m thi 105 . V sau, t lc
nh c nh Mc ri, h Trnh chia ra lm hai th binh: mt th gi l u binh th ly lnh ba ph
t Thanh Ha v bn ph t Ngh An, l c ba sut inh ly mt tn lnh; mt th gi l nht binh
th ly lnh t trn t Bc l Sn Nam, Kinh Bc, Hi Dng, Sn Ty, l c 5 sut inh ly mt
tn lnh.
104
5. Hnh Lut.
ra, cn ai phm ti g c chiu theo ti nng nh m lun hnh, ch khng cho chuc na.
Trc th ai phi ti lu, li phi ti cht tay na. n i vua D Tng, Trnh Cng mi b ci
lut cht tay v i li nh l ai phi cht hai bn tay va phi lu i vin chu th ci lm ti chung
thn; ai phi cht mt bn tay v phi lu ngoi chu th i lm ti 12 nm; ai phi cht hai ngn
tay tr v phi lu cn chu, th i lm ti 6 nm. Cn nh ai phm ti trm cp th khng k
vo l y.
Phm nhng vic i tng tiu tng m huyn ph hay l Tha ti, Trn ti, x khng xong, th n
Hin ti xt li. Hin ti khng xong, th n Gim st xt li. Gim st v Lnh khng xong, th
n Ng s i xt li.
Nhng vic nhn mng th hn cho 4 thng, vic trm cp in th th 3 thng, vic hn nhn u
th 2 thng, ch l khng cho lu, lm mt cng vic ca dn.
Ti trng th c mi mt trng l quan tam phm phi chuc 5 tin, quan t phm phi chuc 4 tin,
quan ng phm 3 tin, quan tht bt phm 2 tin, t cu phm cho xung n th nhn th 1 tin. Ti
lm lnh coi chung voi th phi chuc 60 quan, lm lnh n in th 100 quan. Ti lu cn chu th
phi chuc 130 quan, vin chu th 290 quan. Ti t th phi chuc 330 quan. 107
ni i vua L Thi T. l lm s inh nht nh mt ln, ri lng no phi ng bao nhiu sut
inh, c theo nh th m ng mi, ch c thm ra cng khng k, m c cht i cng khng tr.
Lp php y l cho dn khi phi lm s, m quan cng khi phi tra xt, nhng phi mt iu bt
tin l v sau s inh hn km bao nhiu, quan khng bit c na. n nm qu t (1713) i vua
D Tng, s chp rng s dn ni tch phi ng thu cho nh vua c thy ch 206.315 sut m thi.
Nhng su dch nh l vic t t trong n vua ph cha, vic sa sang trng thi, vic lm cu cng,
p ng s, gi iu v.v.... th c ty nghi m b cho cc sut inh ly tin m cung ng cho
.
Php dung, tc l php nh thu thn, c mi sut inh l ng nin ng 1 quan 2 tin. Nhng ngi
sinh , lo hng v hong inh 108
th ng mt na.
108
7. Cc Th Thu.
i by gi nh thu cc th th sn, thu m, thu , thu ch, v.v.... nhng m nhng thu y, khi
nh khi thi, khng c nht nh.
1. Thu Tun Ti: Cc thuyn b ch hng ha i bun bn trong sng cng phi chu thu. Trong
nc lp ra c thy 23 s tun ti thu thu; nh tre g th c 10 phn nh thu mt phn; nhng
tp ha th 40 phn nh thu mt phn. 2. Thu mui: Nm tn su (1721) Trnh Cng t quan
Gim Dng nh thu mui, c 10 phn, quan ly 2 phn. Nhng ngi bun mui phi lnh th
ca quan Gim dng, th mi c mua mui, m trc phi mua ca quan , rI sau mi c mua
ca nhng ngi lm mui. V nh thu nh th, cho nn gi mui cao n mt tin mt u mui,
dn s n ung kh s. Bi vy n nm nhm t (1732) Trnh Giang b thu mui khng nh na.
n nm bnh thn (1746) Trnh Doanh li lp li php nh thu mui, c chia ra 50 mu rung mui
lm mt bp, mi bp phi np 40 hc thu mui, mi mt hc nh gi l 180 ng tin, tc l ba
tin. 3. Thu th sn: Nm gip thn (1724), Trnh Cng nh l nh thu cc th sn, nh l vng,
bc, ng, km, sn, dim tiu, than g, than , tre, g, t la, qu, c, mm, cc dng vt nh l
ru, mt, du, v cc thp vt nh l giy, chiu, vi, v.v....
8. S Chi Thu.
V thi Trnh Giang lm cha, c lm gic gi phi chi tiu nhiu vic, cho nn nm k mi (1731)
cc quan xin t quan cng vi H phin m lm s bin r ng nin thu vo c bao nhiu v
pht ra mt bao nhiu, liu s chi dng cho va.
9. Vic Khai M.
Nhng m y u l ngi Tu sang khai c, bao nhiu quyn li v tay ngi Tu ht, ca 10 phn
nh nc khng c mt. M nhng phu Tu sang lm m thng hay quy nhiu dn s. Tuy rng
nm inh du (1717) Trnh Cng nh l rng nhng ngi Tu sang khai m; ch ng lm ch
c n 300 ngi, ch ng va 200 ngi, ch t 100 ngi m thi. Th m v sau c ni phu
khch ng n hng vn ngi, ri sinh s nh nhau, thng phi dng binh lnh i nh dp mi
mi xong.
Nh Hu L trung hng ln ri, vn tiu tin Hng c, v trn no cng c s c tin; nhng v c
lm s nhng lm cho nn n nm qu du (1753) Trnh Doanh mi b s c tin cc trn, m ch
hai s gn t Kinh s m thi. n nm bnh thn (1776) i Cnh Hng vua Hin Tng, khi h
Trnh ly c t Thun Ha ri, li m l c tin Ph Xun, c ra 3 vn quan tin Cnh
Hng na.
Cn vic thi c l vic nh nc chn ly nhn ti dng lm vic nc, th i no cng c. T khi
nh Mc v nh L tranh nhau ngi vua, Bc Triu h Mc vn m khoa thi Thng Long; Nam triu
h L v bn vic binh, cho nn n mi nm Canh Thn (1580) mi m khoa thi Hi Ty ; t
v sau c ba nm mt k thi Hi, nhng m cch thc thi c cn s lc, n nm Gip thn (1664)
i vua Huyn Tng, Trnh Tc mi nh li qui thc thi Hi.
n nm canh ng (1750) i Cnh Hng, nh nc thiu tin, li t ra l thu tin thng kinh, h ai
np ba quan th dc i, m khng phi kho hch. Thnh ra lc by gi nhng ngi i lm rung, i
bn tht, ai cng c np quyn vo thi, n ni lc vo thi, ngi tranh nhau vo trng xo p ln
nhau, c ngi cht. Vo trong trng ngi th dng sch, k i thu ngi lm bi, hc tr vi
quan trng th thng vi nhau, thnh ra ci ch thi. Php thi c by gi tht l by.
14. Trng hc v.
i vua D Tng, Trnh Cng li m ra trng hc v, t quan gio th dy cho con chu cc
quan vo hc v kinh chin lc, c mi thng mt ln tiu tp, ba thng mt ln i tp. Ma xun
ma thu th tp v ngh, ma ng ma h th tp v kinh.
Nm canh thn (1740) Trnh Doanh lp v miu, chnh v th th V Vng, Khng thi cng, Tn v
t, Qung t, v.v.... ng sau th th Hng o Vng Trn Quc Tun, v li lp miu ring th
Quan Cng. C xun thu hai k t l.
15. Lm Quc S.
By gi trong triu th c my ngi tn tht nh l L Duy Mt, L Duy Qui, L Duy Chc 109
cng vi my ngi triu thn l Phm Cng Th, V Thc, nh t kinh thnh tr h Trnh,
nhng chng may vic l ra phi b chy. ngoi cc trn th ch no cng c gic, Hi Dng th
c Nguyn Tuyn, Nguyn C ni ln lng Ninh X (thuc huyn Ch Linh), V Trc Onh ni ln
lng M Trch (thuc huyn ng An), t Sn Nam th c Hong Cng Cht, u ly ting ph L
dit Trnh lm c, bi vy cho nn dn mt ng nam mang ba vc gy i theo gic. Ton no ng
th k c hng vn ngi, ton no t th cng c n hng trm hng nghn ngi, ri i cp ph
cc hng thn v vy cc thnh p, quan qun nh dp khng c.
i by gi gic cp th nhiu, nhng m nhng gic to phi nh lu, th c Nguyn Tuyn, Nguyn
C, v V Trc Onh t Hi Dng; Hong Cng Cht, V nh Dung Sn Nam; Nguyn Danh
Phng, Nguyn Din, T, Bng, Sn Ty; Nguyn Hu Cu mt ng nam; L Duy Mt mt
Thanh Ha v Ngh An. May lc y li c nhng quan nh gic gii nh Hong Ngha B, Hong
Ng Phc, Phm nh Trng, Nguyn Phan, Bi Th t, v.v.... cho nn Trnh Doanh v Trnh Sm
mi dn dn dp yn c cc ni.
109
Duy Mt v Duy Qui l con vua D Tng, Duy Chc l con vua Hi Tng.
Gic Ngn Gi: Nm canh thn (1740 trong khi t Hi Dng, lng Ninh X, c Nguyn Tuyn,
Nguyn C lm lon, th t Sn Nam, lng Ngn Gi, c V nh Dung, on Danh Chn, T Cao,
cp ph rt d, git c quan c lnh l Hong Kim Qua. Th gic mnh lm, Trnh Doanh phi t
lm tng em binh i nh, bt c V nh Dung em chp, v i tn x Ngn Gi lm Lai Cch
(nay l Gia Ha).
Gic Ninh X: Trc ht Nguyn Tuyn, Nguyn C, V Trc Onh v Nguyn Din dy binh t nm
k mi (1739) lm lon Hi Dng, ri vy vng t T Sn, Thun Thnh, Nam Sch v Hng
Chu. Nguyn C th gi t Lm Gia Phc, Nguyn Tuyn th gi ni Phao Sn Ch Linh, lm
n, xy ly lin lc vi nhau, qun lnh k c hng my vn ngi, quan qun i nh c nhiu ngi
phi bt.
Nguyn Hu Cu: Nguyn Hu Cu, tc gi l qun He, ngi Hi Dng, trc i n cp, sau theo
Nguyn C lm gic. n khi Nguyn C b bt ri, Nguyn Hu Cu em ng v gi ni Sn
v t Vn n. Nm qu hi (1743), Hu Cu git c quan Thy o c binh l Trnh Bng, ri
t xng lm ng o Thng Quc Bo Dn i Tng Qun, thanh th lng ly mn y. Sau b
Hong Ng Phc em binh n vy ni Sn, Hu Cu ph vy ra, v nh ly thnh Kinh Bc,
quan Trn ph l Trn nh Cm, v quan c ng l V Phng nh thua Th Cu phi b n
tnh m chy; Kinh S, c tin y rt ly lm bo ng.
Hong Ng Phc em binh v, cng vi Trng Khung ly li thnh Kinh Bc, nhng th Nguyn
Hu Cu vn mnh, ph qun ca Trng Khung lng Ngc Lm (thuc huyn Yn Dng), ui
qun ca quan thng lnh inh Vn Giai Xng Giang (thuc huyn Bo Lc) ri li v vy dinh
Th Cu.
Trnh Doanh sai Hong Ng Phc v Phm nh Trng em binh n nh Hu Cu Xng Giang,
git c tng ca gic l tn Thng, ly c qun nhu chin m tht l nhiu.
Nguyn Hu Cu l mt ngi kit hit nht trong bn lm gic thi by gi, m li qu quyt, ra vo
bt trc lm; c khi b vy hng my vng, m ch mt mnh mt nga ph vy ra, ri ch trong my
ngy li c hng vn ngi i theo. V rng ngy thng cp c thc go ca thuyn bun, em
cho dn ngho, cho nn i n u cng c ngi theo, mun ly bao nhiu qun lng cng c.
Lc y Phm nh Trng c m ngi huyn Thanh Ha, huyn T K, huyn Vnh Li v huyn
Thng Hng, t lm 4 c, giao cho hai ngi th h cai qun. ph liu bn Th Giai nhn ly
iu y m ni gim vi Trnh Doanh. Nhng Trnh Doanh vn bit Phm nh Trng l ngi trung
thnh, khng ni g n vic y, li lm mt bi th a ra cho ng y ng y yn lng.
T khi thua trn B ri, Hu Cu v cng vi Hong Cng Cht cp huyn Thn Kh v Thanh
Quan. Phm nh Trng v Hong Ng Phc li em binh xung nh ui.
Hong Cng Cht chy vo Thanh Ha, Hu Cu chy vo Ngh An hp ng vi tn Din Hng
Lm (thuc huyn Nam ng). Phm nh Trng em qun vo nh ph tri gic, ri ui Hu Cu
ra n lng Hong Mai bt c, ng ci em v np cha Trnh. By gi l nm tn v (1751) tc
l nm Cnh Hng th 12.
Nguyn Danh Phng: Nm canh thn (1740) tn T v tn Bng lm lon t Sn Ty, quan Chnh
Ty i Tng qun l V T L nh bt c c hai tn y huyn An Lc (thuc ph Vnh
Tng). By gi th h tn T l Nguyn Danh Phng, tc gi l qun Ho, em d ng v gi ni
Tam o. Mt mt th m qun tr lng v mt mt th cho ngi v ni di xin hng.
Lc by gi tn Cu tn Cht ang lm lon pha ng nam, cho nn Trnh Doanh cng tm cho hng.
Hong Cng Cht: Hong Cng Cht cng vi Nguyn Tuyn, Nguyn C ni ln mt lc. Trc ph
t Sn Nam v ht Khoi Chu. n nm t su (1745) li bt c v git quan trn th Sn Nam
l Hong Cng K, sau v quan qun ui nh, Cng Cht chy vo Thanh Ha ri ra Hng Ha cng
vi tn Thnh lm lon vng y. Nm tn t tn Thnh b quan qun bt c, tn Cht chy ln gi
ng Mnh Thin (pha bc Hng Ha) ri chim gi c my chu gn y, ng c hng vn
ngi. T tn Cht c cp ph t Hng Ha v t Thanh Ha. Mi n nm k su (1769)
Trnh Sm mi sai quan thng lnh l on Nguyn Thc em qun Sn Ty ln nh ng Mnh
Thin. Khi quan qun ln n ni th Hong Cng Cht cht ri, con l Hong Cng Ton chng gi
khng ni, b chy sang Vn Nam. ng tan c.
L Duy Mt: Nm mu ng (1738) i vua Tng, bn hong thn l L Duy Mt, L Duy Qui v L
Duy Chc nh mu git h Trnh, nhng chng may s khng thnh phi b chy vo Thanh Ha. Sau
Duy Qui v Duy Chc phi bnh mt, cn Duy Mt gi t thng du pha ty nam. Nhng ngi ng
mu vi Duy Mt u b h Trnh bt c git c. By gi Duy Mt c bt c Phm Cng Th
em ra hi rng: "ng l ngi khoa gip sao li theo nghch?" - Cng Th ci m ni rng: " lu
nay danh phn khng r, ly g m phn thun nghch?" Ni ri ging c ra chu hnh.
L Duy Mt t khi chy v Thanh Ha, chiu tp binh s, ri t nm canh thn (1740) l Cnh Hng
nm u, v nh t Hng Ha v Sn Ty, sau li cng vi gic l tn Tng gi n Ngc Lu
(thuc huyn Thch Thnh). n khi tng h Trnh ph c n Ngc Lu, tn Tng t trn, L
Duy Mt li chy vo Ngh An, ri sang Trn Ninh gi ni Trnh Quang lm cn bn.
Nm inh hi (1767) c tin Trnh Doanh va mt, con l Trnh Sm ln lm cha, L Duy Mt em
qun v nh t Hng Sn v t Thanh Chng ri li rt v Trn Ninh. Trnh Sm cho ngi
a th sang v v khng c, mi quyt dng binh dt mi lon.
Nm k su (1769) Trnh Sm sai Bi Th t lm thng lnh t Ngh An, Nguyn Phan lm chnh
c lnh t Thanh Ha, Hong nh Th lm c binh t Hng Ha, c ba o u tin sang nh
Trn Ninh. Khi qua6n ca Bi Th t v Nguyn Phan n vy Trnh Quang. L Duy Mt nh c gi
him khng ra nh. Khng ng l ngi con r l Li Th Chiu lm phn, m ca ly cho qun h
Trnh vo. Duy Mt bit c ni bin, bn cng vi v con t t m cht
***
Thi k th nht vo khong Trnh Kim, Trnh Tng v Trnh Trng. Lc by gi cn phi nh h
Mc pha Bc, ri li chng vi h Nguyn pha Nam, cho nn trong thi k y ch c vic chin
tranh ngoi m thi, cn nhng cng vic trong nc khng sa sang c my.
Thi k th hai l vo khong Trnh Tc, Trnh Cn v Trnh Cng. Lc by gi vic chin tranh
yn, trong nc bnh tr, cho nn trong thi k y cc chac mi sa sang v chnh n li nhng php
tc, lut l, vic thu kha, s hc hnh, thi c, v.v....
Thi k th ba l vo khong Trnh Giang, Trnh Doanh v Trnh Sm. V Trnh Giang tht chnh cho
nn trong thi k ny c lm gic gi, quan qun phi nh ng dp bc trong ba bn nm tri, thnh
ra khng lm c vic g ch li, n ni dn ngho nc yu, chnh tr iu tn, bi vy cho nn
chng bao lu m nh Trnh , nh L cng mt.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 6
Cng-vic h Nguyn lm min Nam
1. Quan-ch
2. Thi-c
3. Vic v-b
4. Vic thu-kha
6. Ly t Chim-thnh
vi Chn-lp
9. Vic lp dinh nh ph
H Nguyn gi ring mt ci pha nam, lp ra nghip cha, lu- truyn i n qua i kia, bi
vy cho nn chnh-tr, thu-l, binh-lnh, vic g cng t sa-sang v xp t ly nh l mt nc t-
ch vy.
1. Quan-Ch.
Chnh dinh l ch cha ng th t tam-ti gip cha coi vic chnh- tr. Tam-ti l: X sai-ti,
Tng-thn-li-ti, Lnh-s-ti. 1. X-sai-ti
gi vic thu tin thu thu, chi-pht lng- thc cho quan cc o. C quan cai-b lm u. 3. Lnh-s-
ti
gi vic t t, tt nht v vic chi-cp lng cho qun chnh dinh. C quan Nha-y lm u.
ph huyn, th t tri-huyn, tri-ph, coi vic t tng, thuc h th c -li, thng-li, chuyn
vic khm xt. Li c hun o, l-sinh, chuyn vic t-t ch s ti. Cn vic thu thu th t quan
khc coi v vic y.
n i cha Thng Nguyn phc Lan (1635-1648) li t thm chc ni-t, ngoi-t, ni-hu,
ngoi-hu, gi l t tr gip cha tr dn.
Nm inh-hi (1674) cha Nguyn m khoa thi gi l thi chnh v thi hoa-vn.
Thi chnh chia ra lm ba k: k -nht thi t-lc, k -nh thi th-ph, k -tam thi vn-sch.
Quan tri-ph tri-huyn lm s-kho, quan cai-b, k-lc, v-y lm gim-kho. Nhng quyn u, th
chia ra lm ba hng: hng th nht gi l gim-sinh, c b ra lm tri-ph, tri-huyn; hng th nh gi
l sinh c b lm hun o; hng th ba cng gi l sinh c b lm l-sinh, hoc lm
nhiu-hc.
Nm t-hi (1695) Quc-cha Nguyn Phc Chu (1691-1725) m khoa thi trong ph cha, gi l thi
Vn-chc v thi Tam-ti. Thi Tam-ti l thi X-sai ti, thi Tng-thn-li-ti v thi Lnh-s-ti. Thi Vn-
chc th thi t- lc, th-ph, vn-sch; thi X-sai-ti th hi v vic binh-lnh, tin lng, t tng; thi
Tng-thn-li-ti v Lnh-s-ti th ch lm mt bi th m thi.
Nm canh-thn (1740), V-vng Nguyn Phc Khot (1738-1765) nh li php thi: nhng ngi
u k -nht gi l nhiu-hc, c min sai 5 nm; u k -nh v k -tam th c min sai
chung thn; u k -t gi l hng-cng, c b i lm tri-ph, tri-huyn.
3. Vic V-B.
H Nguyn by gi phi chng nhau vi h Trnh cho nn phi lo vic v-b hn. Qun th chia ra lm
nm c gi l: trung c, t c, hu c, tin c, hu c. S qun chng non ba vn ngi.
Nm tn-mi (1631) cha Si lp ra s c sng i-bc v m trng bn, trng tp voi, tp nga,
c hng nm luyn-tp phng-b chin-tranh.
4. Vic Thu-Kha.
in-th chia ra lm 3 hng nh thu. Li c hng gi l thu in, kh th, ngha l rung t xu
th thu nh li nh hn rung t thng.
Nhng tin tiu trong nc, th c tin ng v tin km, khc hai ch thi-bnh.
6. Ly t Chim-Thnh.
Trc Trnh Kim ch cho Nguyn Hong vo trn-th t Thun-ha m thi; sau n nm canh-ng
(1570) h Trnh i quan trn-th Qung-nam l Nguyn B Qunh v trn t Ngh-an, t Qung-
nam cho Nguyn Hong kim lnh.
T nc Chim-thnh mt hn.
Nc Chim-thnh chnh l nc Lm-p ngy trc tng qua my trm nm, cng vi h L, h
Trn i ch, chng vi qun Mng-c, khng cho xm phm vo ci, lp nn mt nc c vua, c
ti, c chnh-tr, c lut-php. Nhng ch him v ngi nc y c hay sang cp ph t Vit-
nam, thnh ra hai nc khng my khi ha hiu c vi nhau.
l i ch th khng sao trnh khi c ci lut chung ca to- ha l: khe cn, yu cht. V vy
cho nn t khi vua Thnh-tng nh L ly t Qung nam v chia nc Chim ra lm 3 nc ri,
th t v sau th-lc nc y mi ngy mt km, dn tnh mi ngy mt suy. Chng nhng l n ni
mt nc vi cha Nguyn m chng-loi Chim-thnh by gi cng chng cn c my nghn ngi
na. Mt nc trc nh th, m nay nh th, du rng nc y ng ha vi nc ta mc lng, song
ngh cng thng-tm thay cho nhng nc yu-hn khng trnh khi c ci ha: c nh b c ln
nut.
Nguyn nc Chn-lp vo qung di sng M-kng, c lm sng nhiu ngi, rung t th nhiu
m nc Nam ta thng hay mt ma, dn-tnh phi i kh lun, v li vo lc cha Nguyn, cha
Trnh nh nhau, cho nn nhiu ngi b vo khn t, lm rung M-xoi (B-ra) v ng- nai
(nay thuc Bin-ha).
Nm mu-tut (1658) vua nc Chn-lp mt ri, ch chu tranh nhau, sang cu cu bn cha Nguyn.
Cha Nguyn by gi l cha Hin sai quan em 3.000 qun sang nh Mi-xuy (nay thuc huyn
Phc- chnh, tnh Bin-ha) bt c vua nc y l Nc ng Chn em v giam Qung-bnh mt
, ri tha cho v nc, bt phi triu-cng v phi bnh- vc ngi Vit-nam sang lm n bn y.
Nc ng Nn b chy sang cu cu dinh Thi-khang (nay l Khnh-ha). Cha Hin bn sai Cai-c
o Nha-trang l Nguyn dng Lm cng vi Nguyn nh Phi lm tham-mu em binh chia ra hai
o sang nh Nc ng i, ph c n Si-gn, ri tin qun ln vy thnh Nam- vang. Nc ng
i phi b thnh chy vo cht trong rng. Nc ng Thu ra hng. Nc ng Thu l chnh dng con
trng cho nn li lp lm chnh quc-vng ng Long-c, Nc ng Nn lm -nh quc-
vng, ng Si-gn, bt hng nm phi triu cng.
Nm k-t (1679) c quan nh Minh l tng-binh trn-th t Long- mn (Qung-ty) Dng ngn
ch, ph-tng Hong Tin, tng-binh chu Cao, chu Li, v chu Lim (thuc Qung-ng) l Trn
Thng Xuyn, ph-tng Trn an Bnh, khng chu lm ti nh Thanh, em 3.000 qun cng 50 chic
thuyn sang xin lm dn Vit-nam. Cha Hin nhn mun khai-khn t Chn-lp, bn cho vo t
ng-ph (tc l t Gia nh). Bn Ngn ch chia nhau t Lc (tc l t ng-nai thuc
Bin-ha), M-tho (thuc nh-tng), Ban-ln (thuc Bin-ha) ri cy rung lm nh lp ra
phng-ph, c ngi phng ty, ngi Nht-bn, ngi Ch-v n bun bn ng lm.
Nm mu-thn (1688) nhng ngi khc M-tho lm lon. Hong Tin git Dng ngn ch i, ri
em chng ng n Nan-kh, lm tu c sng chng nhau vi ngi Chn-lp. Vua Chn-lp l
Nc ng Thu cng o ho p ly lm k c th v b khng chu thn-phc cha Nguyn na.
By gi cha Nguyn l Nguyn-phc Trn sai quan em qun i nh dp, dng mu git c
Hong Tin v bt vua Chn-lp phi theo l triu-cng.
Nm mu-dn (1698) cha Nguyn l Nguyn-phc Chu sai ng Nguyn hu Knh lm kinh-lc t
Chn-lp, chia t ng-ph ra lm dinh, lm huyn, ly ng-nai lm huyn Phc-long v Si-gn
lm huyn Tn-bnh. t Trn-bin dinh (tc l Bin-ha) v Phan-trn dinh (tc l Gia nh) sai
quan vo cai-tr. Li chiu-m nhng k lu dn t Qung-bnh tr vo lp ra thn-x v khai-khn
rung t. Cn nhng ngi Tu t Trn-bin (Bin-ha) th lp lm x Thanh-h, nhng ngi
t Phan-trn (Gia nh) th lp lm x Minh-hng. Nhng ngi y u thuc v s b nc ta.
Cha Nguyn sai quan cai-c l Nguyn cu Vn sang nh Nc ng Thm. Nguyn cu Vn sang ph
c qun Tim-la; em Nc ng Ym v thnh La-bch. T Nc ng Thm Tim-la c thnh-
thong em qun v nh Nc ng Ym.
Nm tn-hi (1729) qun Chn-lp sang quy-nhiu ht Gia nh. Cha Nguyn bn t s iu-
khin thng-nhip vic binh mn y.
v li thng s vi cha Trnh ngoi Bc lp mu nh cha Nguyn. Cha Nguyn bit tnh-
y, n nm qu-du (1753), sai Nguyn c Trinh sang nh Nc Nguyn. Nm t-hi (1755) Nc
Nguyn thua b thnh Nam-vang chy sang H-tin nh Mc thin T.
Nm sau Mc thin T dng th v ni rng Nc Nguyn xin dng hai ph Tm-bn v Li-lp
chuc ti, v xin cho v nc. Cha Nguyn khng mun cho. By gi ng Nguyn c Trinh dng s
by-t cch khai- thc nn dng k "tm thc" ngha l nn ly dn dn nh con tm n l, th mi chc
chn c. Cha Nguyn nghe li y bn nhn hai ph v cho Nc Nguyn v Chn-lp.
110
Trong thi y vua Tim-la l Phra Naroi dng di nh Ayouthia dng mt ngi Hi-lp tn l
Constantin Phaulcon lm tng. Ngi y xin vua giao-thip vi nc Php. Bi vy nm 1620 mi
c bn s-thn Tim-la sang bi-yt Php-hong Louis XIV ti Versailles.
Tha by gi cha Nguyn cn ang khai sng t Ph-yn, Khnh-ha, nhng v sau cha Nguyn
ly ht t Chim-thnh, li ln sang t Chn-lp. Ngi Tim-la c mun ngn-tr gi ly
Chn-lp lm ca mnh. Nhng v th cha Nguyn mnh hn, cho nn phi chu cha Nguyn sang
bo-h Chn-lp.
Tuy vy nc Tim-la thng hay dng nhng ngi phn i vi vua Chn-lp, ri gip binh-lc
cho v lm lon trong nc. Nhiu khi qun ta phi sang nh ui qun Tim-la gip quc-vng
Chn-lp. Cng c khi qun Tim-la sang nh t H-tin, nh nm t-t (1715) ngi Chn-lp l
Nc Thm em qun Tim-la sang cp ph, quan tng-binh H-tin l Mc Cu phi b thnh m
chy.
111
Qun ta v qun Tim-la giao chin nhiu ln, cho nn hai bn khng thng s vi nhau. Mi n
nm canh-ng (1750) i cha Nguyn l V-vng Nguyn-phc Khot, th mi thy s chp rng
cha sai quan em th sang trch nc Tim-la dung-tng k nghch-thn lm lon nc Chn-lp.
Nm t-hi (1755) nc Tim-la sai s sang xin ng nh thu nhng thuyn ca nc y sang bun-
bn t cha Nguyn. Cha p th li rng thu y l quc-l t ra khng th b i c.
Nm inh-hi (1767) qun nc Din-in sang nh Tim-la bt c vua nc y l Phong-vng
112
By gi nc Tim-la khng c vua, chc Phi-nh (Phya) t Mang- tt l Trnh quc Anh bn khi
binh t lp lm vua. Trnh quc Anh l ngi Triu-chu, tnh Qung ng, cha tn l Yn sang t
Tim-la lm trng Mang-tt. Yn cht, Trnh quc Anh ln ni nghip xng l Phi-nh, l mt chc
x-trng vy.
Trnh quc Anh ln lm vua ri sai s sang bt vua Chn-lp l Nc Tn phi sang cng. Nc Tn ly
l rng Trnh quc Anh khng phi l dng di ngi Tim-la, khng chu cng.
Trnh quc Anh bit con vua c l Chiu Thy cn H-tin, s ngy sau sinh ra bin lon, bn n
thng 10 nm tn-mo (1771) em binh- thuyn sang vy nh H-tin. Quan tng-binh l Mc thin
T gi khng ni phi b thnh chy.
Vua Tim-la tng l Trn Lin, li gi H-tin ri tin qun sang nh Chn-lp. Quc-vng
l Nc Tn phi b chy. Vua Tim-la ng qun thnh Nam-vang v lp Nc Non ln lm vua
Chn-lp.
112
Nc Tn li v lm vua Chn-lp.
Nm sau Mc thin T thy vic khng xong, bn sai ngi sang Tim-la xin ha. Vua Tim-la gi
Trn Lin v v cho ngi con gi ca Mc thin T v H-tin. Cn Chiu Thy th em git i.
T Mc thin T li v gi t H-tin.
9. Lp dinh nh ph.
Lc u, Nguyn Hong mi vo trn t Thun-ha th ng dinh lng i-t (thuc huyn ng-
xng, gn tnh-l tnh Qung-tr). c 13 nm sau (1570) Nguyn Hong li di vo lng Tr-bt
huyn y, tc l Ct Dinh. n nm bnh-dn (1626) cha Si l Nguyn phc Nguyn sp sa chng
nhau vi cha Trnh, mi di dinh vo lng Phc-an (thuc huyn Qung-in, tnh Tha-thin by
gi) v i ch t s l ph.
Nm bnh-t (1636) cha Thng l Nguyn phc Lan li di ph vo lng Kim-long (thuc huyn
Hng-tr, tnh Tha-thin).
Nm inh-mo (1687) cha Nguyn l Nguyn phc Trn em ph v lng Ph-xun, tc l t Kinh-
thnh by gi, gi l chnh dinh. Ch ph c lm Thi-tng-miu, th cha Hin.
1. Chnh dinh (Ph-xun) 2. Cu dinh (i-t) 3. Qung-bnh dinh 4. V-x dinh 5. B-chnh dinh 6.
Qung-nam dinh 7. Ph-yn dinh | 8. Bnh-khang dinh | t Chim-thnh 9. Bnh-thun dinh | 10. Trn-
bin dinh } 11. Phin-trn dinh } t Chn-lp 12. Long-h dinh }
Dinh no cng t quan Trn-th, quan Cai-h, quan K-lc coi vic cai-tr. Cn ph Qung-ngha
v ph Qui-nhn th thuc v tnh Qung- nam, cho nn mi ph t ring quan Tun-ph v quan
Khm-l coi mi vic. t H-tin th t l Trn, c quan c cai-tr.
Tm li m xt, h Nguyn lm cha min nam, nhng trc th vn gi chc vua L phong cho, mi
n u th-k th XVIII nm nhm-ng (1702) Nguyn phc Chu mi sai ngi sang cng vua nh
Thanh xin phong lm vua, nhng Thanh-triu ni rng nc Nam cn c h L khng phong c
cho h Nguyn. Vic y li im i. Nguyn-phc Chu bn xng l quc-cha v c ci n i-Vit-
Quc Nguyn Cha Vnh Trn Chi Bo lm ci Truyn-quc-bo, n i vua Th-t mi thi.
n nm gip-t (1744) Nguyn-phc Khot mi xng vng-hiu v i li ch , nh ra triu-
nghi.
By gi t pha nam tuy c-lp, nhng h Nguyn ch xng cha, ch khng xng vua v vn khng
t quc-hiu. Nhng ngi ngoi-quc thng gi t cha Nguyn l Qung-nam quc. y l v
Qung-nam c ph Hi-an (Faifo) l ch ngi Tu v ngi cc nc ra vo bun bn, cho nn mi
ly tn Qung-nam m gi.
I. S I TM T
1. o Thin-cha
1. S i tm t.
Ngi u-chu sang ng - T i La- m, c sch chp ngi u-chu sang n nc Tu,
nhng khng r cch giao-thip ra lm sao; n thp-tam th-k mi c ng Marco Polo, ngi nc
I-ta-li sang triu nh Nguyn v i vua Th-t Tt Lit hng 17 nm, ri sau i qua n--dng
v nc, lm ra quyn sch: "Th-gii k-quan" (Les merveilles du monde), k nhng chuyn ng y
bit.
V sau vo thp-ng th-k, ng Kha Lun B (Christophe Colomb) dng a-bn ch nam (boussole)
nh i qua i-ty dng sang n , ri tm thy chu A-m-l-gia (Amrique); n nm 1479,
ngi B o-nha (Portugal) tn l Vasco de Gama i vng qua Ho-vng-gic (Cap de Bonne
Esprance) sang n--dng vo t n . Nm 1521 li c ngi B o-nha tn l Magellan i
qua n dng sang Thi-bnh-dng vo t Phi-lut-tn (Philippines).
Nm bnh-thn (1596) ngi Ha-lan sang ly t Tr-v (Java) lm thuc a. V sau dn dn ngi
B-o-nha, ngi Php-lan-ty (France) v ngi Anh-ct-li (Angleterre) n t n .
Ngi u-chu sang t Vit-nam. Ngi u-chu sang bun-bn nc ta, th c ngi B-o-nha
n x Nam trc ht c, m ca hng ph Hi-an (tc l Faifo) thuc t Qung-nam. y li
c ngi Tu, ngi Nht-bn v ngi Ha-lan n bun-bn nhiu lm. Sch ca ng Maybon v
Russier c chp rng nm gip dn (1614) i cha Si c ngi B-o-nha tn l Jean de la
Croix n lp l c sng t Thun- ha, m by gi Hu ngi ta cn gi ch y l Phng
c.
trong Nam th nm bnh-dn (1686) c ngi Php tn l Verret c php m ca hng c-lao
Cn-ln. n nm k-t (1749) li c mt ngi Php tn l Poivre i chic tu Machault vo ca
Hi-an, xin vo yt- kin cha Nguyn v dng t quc-th cng phm-vt t tnh giao hiu ca hai
nc. Cha Nguyn cng p th li, thun cho ngi Php vo thng-thng. Nhng chng c bao
lu th cng-ty ca Php n bi i, cho nn s thng thng vi ngi Php cng bi.
2.
S i truyn gio.
dy ngi ly s yu-mn v tn-knh Thin-cha lm gc, ly bng t-bi nhn th, coi ngi nh anh
em rut tht lm ct. T v sau cc mn em o y i truyn-b cc ni. ng Saint Pierre th
sang lp gio ng ti Kinh-thnh La-m, ng Saint Paul th i truyn o khp trong nc.
Lc u o Thin-cha b nhiu phen vua La-m nghim-cm, dng cc hnh m git hi cc gio-s
v nhng ngi theo o mi, nhng du nguy-nan th no mc lng, cc mn c mt nim i
truyn o khp bn phng. Mi n u -t th-k (313) vua La-m l Constantin mi cho ging
o Thin-cha mi ni trong nc. T by gi tr i o Thin-cha mi ni trong nc. T
by gi tr i o Thin-cha mt ngy mt thnh, lp Gio-hong thng-nht vic gio, t Gim-
mc coi vic gio cc ni, li sai gio-s i truyn o khp trong thin-h: h u c ngi l
c gio-s n dy o. Bi vy cho nn chng bao lu m ton u u theo o Thin-cha c.
113
tc l mt phi Gia-t-gio sang Tu, nhng v by gi o Pht ang thnh, cho nn o Cnh-
gio mt dn i. Mi n i nh Nguyn, nh Minh mi tht c gio-s sang ging o Gia-t nc
Tu.
o Thin-cha sang nc Nam. nc Nam ta t khi c ngi u-la-ba sang bun bn, th tt l
c gio-s sang dy o. C theo sch Khm nh Vit-s, th t nm Nguyn-ha nguyn-nin i vua
Trang-tng nh L (1533) c ngi Ty tn l I-n-khu i ng b vo ging o Thin-cha lng
Ninh-cng, lng Qun-anh, thuc huyn Nam-chn (tc l Nam-trc) v lng Tr-l, thuc huyn
Giao-thy.
Sch Nam-s ca Trng vnh K chp rng nm bnh-thn (1596) i ng Nguyn Hong c ngi
gio-s Ty-ban-nha tn l Diego Adverte vo ging o trong Nam trc ht c. Nhng lc by gi
li c my chic tu Ty-ban-nha cng n, cha Nguyn s c quy-nhiu g chng, bn ui i.
C theo trong s th nm tn-v (1631) trong Nam, cha Thng l Nguyn-phc Lan cm khng cho
ngi Ty vo ging o trong nc.
114
Nm qu-mo (1663) ngoi Bc, cha Trnh l Trnh Tc bt ui cc gio-s v cm khng cho
ngi mnh theo o Gia-t.
Nm gip-thn (1644) cha Hin min Nam bt git nhng ngi i ging o -nng.
Nm nhm-thn (1712) i vua L D-tng, Trnh Cng bt nhng ngi theo o Gia-t phi co
trn v khc vo mt bn ch "hc Hoa-lan o" 115 .
Nm gip-tut (1754) i Cnh-hng, Trnh Doanh li nghim-cm mt cch rt ngt, khng cho
ngi ta i theo o, v li git c cc o- trng v o .
115
Hoa Lan tc l Ha Lan (Hollande). Ngi Ha Lan sang bun bn ngoi Bc trc ht c cho nn
mi gi l o Ha Lan. V lc by gi ngi Vit Nam ta khng phn bit c nhng nc no, h
thy ngi Ty th thng c gi l Ha Lan
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 8
Vn Trung Suy ca Cha Nguyn
2. Ty Sn dy binh
T ng Nguyn Hong tr i, h Nguyn lm cha trong Nam: pha bc chng nhau vi h Trnh, pha
nam nh ly t Chim thnh v t Chn Lp, truyn n i V Vng l Nguyn Phc Khot mi
xng vng hiu. V Vng nh triu nghi, lp cung in t Ph Xun, v phong cho ngi con
th 9 l Nguyn Phc Hiu lm th t.
Trng Phc Loan l ngi tham lam, lm nhiu iu tn c, trong nc ai ai cng on gin, bi th
cho nn, pha nam th c Ty Sn dy binh nh ph ti t Qui Nhn; mt bc th c qun h
Trnh vo ly t Ph Xun, lm cho c nghip h Nguyn xiu vy.
116
Tc l hong kho vua Th T, sau truy tn l Hng T Hiu Khang Hong . 2. Ty Sn Dy Binh.
thuc t Quy Nhn. n i ng thn sinh l H Phi Phc di nh sang p Kin Thnh, nay l lng
Ph Lc, huyn Tuy Vin, sinh c 3 ngi con: trng l Nhc, th l L, th ba l Hu.
Anh em ng Nhc mun khi lon, mi ly h m l Nguyn khi s cho d thu phc nhn tm, v
rng t trong Nam vn l t ca cha Nguyn.
Nguyn Nhc trc lm bin li Vn n, cho nn sau ngi ta thng gi l bin Nhc. Nhng v
tnh hay nh bc, tiu mt c tin thu, s phi ti, b i vo rng lm gic. n nm tn mo (1771)
mi lp n tri t Ty Sn, chiu np qun s, ngi theo v cng ngy cng ng. Thng hay
ly ca nh giu cho nh ngho, cho nn nhng k ngho kh theo phc rt nhiu.
ang khi trong Nam c quyn thn chuyn chnh trong, Ty Sn nh ph ngoi, ngoi Bc cha
Trnh l Trnh Sm bit tnh trng nh vy, bn sai i tng l Hong Ng Phc em thy b hn 3
vn qun cng vi Hong Phng C, Hong
117
n thng 10 nm gip ng (1774) qun Hong Ng Phc sang sng Linh Giang, sai Hong nh Th
em binh n nh ly ly Trn Ninh, nh c ni ng, cho nn khng nh m ly c ly. Trnh Sm
c tin Hong Ng Phc ph c thnh Trn Ninh ri, bn quyt k em i binh i vo tip
ng. n thng chp th qun ca Ng Phc tin ln ng lng H X (thuc huyn Minh Linh,
Qung Tr) ri truyn hch i ni rng qun Bc ch vo nh Trng Phc Loan m thi, ch khng
c g khc c. Cc quan Ph Xun bn mu bt Phc Loan em np.
Hong Ng Phc bt c Trng Phc Loan ri, li tin binh n huyn ng Xng, sai ngi a
th n Ph Xun ni rng Phc Loan tuy tr, nhng m Ty Sn hy cn, vy xin em binh n
hi ti Ph Xun cng i nh gic.
Cha Nguyn bit mu Hong Ng Phc chc nh la ly kinh thnh, bn sai Tn Tht Tip cng
vi quan Chng c l Nguyn Vn Chinh em thy b qun ra n ng sng Bi p Giang (nay gi
l Phu l huyn Qung in). Hong Ng Phc sai Hong nh Th em binh i ln ng ni ri
tin binh hai mt nh p li, qun h Nguyn v tan b chy c, qun Bc tin ln ly thnh Ph
Xun, cha Nguyn v cc quan chy vo Qung Nam.
Cha Nguyn liu chng khng chng gi c, bn cng ngi chu l ng Nguyn Phc nh xung
thuyn chy vo Gia nh, ng Cung li Qung Nam chng gi vi gic. ng cung ng n
lng Cu (thuc huyn Ha Vinh).
Nguyn Nhc bit ng cung yu th, v li mun ly ting m sai chng, bn sai ngi i rc
ng cung v ng ph Hi An (Faifo, thuc Qung Nam).
Nguyn Nhc bit r tnh hnh, sai em l Nguyn Hu em qun n nh Tng Phc Hp. Qun h
Nguyn thua to b chy v gi Vn Phong. Nguyn Nhc cho ngi a tin thng trn ra cho Hong
Ng Phc bit. Ng Phc xin cha Trnh phong cho Nguyn Hu lm Ty Sn Hiu Tin Phong Tng
Qun.
T khi qun h Trnh lui v Thun Ha ri, t Qung Nam li thuc v Ty Sn. Nm bnh thn
(1776) Nguyn Nhc sai em l Nguyn L em thy qun vt b vo nh Gia nh, ly c thnh
Si Cn. Cha Nguyn phi chy v Trn Bin (tc l Bin Ha).
Ngi khch L Ti trc b Nguyn Nhc theo gip cha Nguyn, ri sau li phn li, nh cha
Nguyn, nay nghe ng cung trn v, li em binh rc v Si Cn lp ln lm Tn Chnh Vng, tn
nh Vng lm Thi Thng Vng cng lo s khi phc.
Nm inh du (1777) Nguyn Nhc sai ngi ra xin vi cha Trnh cho trn th t Qung Nam, Trnh
Sm by gi cng chn s dng binh, bn nhn dp phong cho Nguyn Nhc lm Qung Nam trn th,
Tuyn y i s, Cung Qun Cng.
Nguyn Nhc c phong ri, khng phi phng gia mt bc na, bn sai Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu
em thy b qun vo nh Gia nh. L Ti chng khngh ni phi b chy. Tn Chnh Vng chy
v bn Tr (thuc nh Tng) ri li chy v Ba vt (thuc Vnh Long), cn Thi
118
Triu Phong ph c 5 huyn; Qung Bnh ph c 3 huyn 1 chu. Thng Vng th chy v Long
Xuyn. Nhng chng bao lu Nguyn Hu em qun ui bt c c Thi Thng Vng v Tn
Chnh Vng, em git i.
Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu ly xong t Gia nh, tng c Chu li trn th, ri em qun v
Quy Nhn. Qua nm sau l nm mu tut (1778) Nguyn Nhc t xng hiu, t nin hiu l Thi
c, gi thnh Bn l Hong Thnh, phong cho Nguyn L lm Tit Ch, Nguyn Hu lm
Long Nhng Tng Qun.
5. Nguyn Vng Khi Binh nh Ty Sn.
Khi Thi Thng Vng v Tn Chnh Vng b bt, th ngi chu Thi Thng Vng l Nguyn
Phc nh, chy thot c. n khi Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu v Quy Nhn ri, Nguyn Phc nh
li t tp nhng ti t c, khi binh t t Long Xuyn, tin ln n Sa c, v cng vi quan chng
dinh l Thanh Nhn, quan cai i L Vn Cu 119
v cc tng l Nguyn Vn Hong, Tng Phc Khung, Tng Phc Lng v nh ui tng c
Chu, ly li thnh Si Cn. By gi Nguyn Phc nh mi c 17 tui, cc tng u tn lm i
Nguyn Sy, Nhip Quc Chnh.
c t lu vua Ty Sn li sai tng c Chu, t khu Uy, v quan h gi Phm Ngn em qun thy
vo nh Trn Bin v Phan trn cng cc min mt b. Thanh Nhn em qun ng Sn nh
chm c t khu Uy, ui c qun Ty Sn i, ng Nguyn Phc nh bn sai L Vn Qun em
binh ra nh ly thnh Bnh Thun v thnh Din Khnh.
T khi khi phc c t Gia nh ri, Nguyn Phc nh sai s sang thng vi nc Tim La, v
li sai Thanh Nhn, H Vn Ln em binh i nh Chn Lp, lp con Nc Tn l Nc In ln lm
vua H Vn Ln li bo h. t Gia nh th ngi sa sang mi vic: t quan cai tr cc dinh,
nh l thu thu nui binh lnh, lm chin thuyn, tp binh m phng b vic chin tranh.
Nm canh t (1780) Nguyn Phc nh xng vng hiu ri phong cho Thanh Nhn lm chc
Ngoi Hu, Ph Chnh, Thng Tng Cng, v thng thng cho cc tng s. Nhng sau v
Thanh Nhn cy cng lng quyn, cho nn Nguyn Vng mi git i. Cng v vic y cho nn ng
Sn trc ht lng gip Nguyn Vng, sau u b c, v li phn li, thnh ra li thI phi nh
dp mi.
119
L Vn Cu l ngi Vnh Tng t Gia nh, trc theo Chu Vn Tip sau lm thuc tng
Thanh Nhn.
Thng 10 nm tn su (1781) vua nc Tim La l Trnh Quc Anh sai tng l Cht Tri (Chakkri) v
S Si, hai anh em sang nh Chn Lp. Nguyn Vng sai quan Chng c l Nguyn Hu Thoi v
H Vn Ln em 3000 qun sang cu. Trong khi qun Nam v qun Tim La cn ang chng gi nhau
Chn Lp, th Vng Cc vua nc Tim La bt giam c v con ca hai anh em Cht Tri, bi vy
hai tng y mi giao kt vi Nguyn Hu Thoi th phi cu nhau trong lc hon nn. on ri Cht
Tri em qun v Tim La. Ngay lc y bn nc Tim c gic ni ln, vua nc y b ngi Phan
Nha Vn Sn ui i cp mt ngi. Cht Tr v n Vng Cc, sai ngi i tm quc vng l Trnh
Quc Anh em git i, v bt git c Phan Nha Vn S, ri t lp lm vua, xng l Pht Vng, phong
cho em l S Si lm nh vng, chu l Ma Lc lm tam vng. H Chakkri lm vua n nay
hy cn, v cc vua u xng l Rama.
Vua Ty Sn bnh xong t Gia nh, rt qun v Quy Nhn, hng tng l Nhn Trp li gi
thnh Si Cn (tc Si Gn).
Khi qun Nguyn Nhc v Nguyn Hu v Quy Nhn ri, cc tng nh Nguyn li ni ln nh qun
Ty Sn. By gi c Chu Vn Tip l ngi Quy Nhn, nhn lc lon, t chng gi ni Tr Lang
(thuc Ph Yn). n khi cha Nguyn b Ph Xun chy vo Gia nh, Chu Vn Tip em binh ra
gip. Sau chng may cha Nguyn tht th ng hi, Nguyn Vng ln ni nghip. Vn Tip theo gip,
c phong lm chc chng c, em binh ra nh Ty Sn, b thua, phi b v gi Tr Lang. Nay
c tin Gia nh li tht th, Vn Tip bn em qun t Ph Yn v hp vi qun cc o, nh
ui qun Ty Sn i, ly li c thnh Si Cn ri cho ngi ra Ph Quc n Nguyn Vng v.
Nguyn Vng v sa sang mi vic chng gi vi Ty Sn, nhng qua nm qu mo (1783) vua
Ty Sn li sai Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu em binh vo nh. Nguyn Vng li phi rc vng
mu v cung quyn ra Ph Quc. n thng 6 nm y, Nguyn Hu ra nh Ph Quc. Nguyn Vng
chy v Cn Nn; qun Ty Sn li em thuyn n vy Cn Nn; nhng may nh c cn bo nh
m c thuyn ca Ty Sn, cho nn Nguyn Vng mi ra khi trng vi, chy v o C Ct, ri li
tr v Ph Quc.
Nguyn Vng theo li y, ben giao Hong T Cnh v ci quc n cho ng B a Lc, li lm t
quc th cho ng y c quyn t tin sang thng ngh vi chnh ph Php xin vin binh.
Nguyn Vng li lm mt ci th ring dng cho vua nc Php, v sai quan ph v y l Phm
Vn Nhn, quan cai c l Nguyn Vn Lim theo h v Hong T Cnh by gi mi c 4 tui.
Nguyn lc nh thua Si Cn, Chu Vn Tip chy sang Tim La cu cu. n thng 2 nm gip
thn (1784) vua Tim La sai tng l Cht Si a em thy qun sang H Tin, tm Nguyn Vng
mi sang bn vic. Nguyn Vng li tip c mt biu ca Chu Vn Tip, cho nn mi n hi
vi tng nc Tim, ri cng sang Vng Cc xin binh cu vin.
Tim Vng tip i Nguyn Vng rt hu, v sai hai tng l Chiu Tng, Chiu Sng em hai
vn qun cng 300 chic thuyn sang
120
T quc th ny v ci th ca Nguyn Vng vit cho vua nc Php nay hy cn Ngoi Giao B
ti Paris. gip Nguyn Vng. Qun Tim La sang ly c Rch Gi, Ba thc, Tr n, Mn tht, Sa
c. Khi nh Mn tht, Chu Vn Tip b thng nng m mt. T qun Tim th i n u
quy nhiu dn s, lm nhiu iu tn c, cho nn lng ngi on hn lm.
Nguyn Vng bit th khng mong cy c ngi Tim La, bn gic ng B a Lc em Hong t
i sang nc Php cu vin. ng B a Lc i ri, Nguyn Vng rc vng mu v cung quyn
sang tr Vng Cc ch c c hi li v khi phc.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 9
H Trnh Mt Nghip Cha
2. Kiu binh
3. Ty Sn ly Thun Ha
4. Ty Sn dt h Trnh
T khi qun cha Trnh ly c t Thanh Ha ri, Trnh Sm c ch, cng thm kiu hnh, li c
mun cp ngi nh L, bn sai quan Th Lang l V Trn Thiu sang nh Thanh dng biu ni rng
con chu h L khng c ai ng lm vua na, v li sai quan ni gim i vi V Trn Thiu em tin
ca sang t lt m xin phong lm vua. Nhng sang n ng nh H, th V Trn Thiu em t biu
t i, ri ung thuc c m cht, bi vy vic cu phong li b, khng ni n.
Sau Trnh Sm say m nng ng Th Hu, b con trng l Trnh Khi m lp ngi con ca ng
Th l Trnh Cn lm th t. T ngi th theo ng Th, ngi th ph Trnh Khi, trong ph cha
chia ra b ng.
Thng chn nm nhm dn (1782) Trnh Sm mt di chiu lp Trnh Cn lm cha v Huy Qun
Cng Hong nh Bo lm ph chnh. Trnh Cn cn t tui m li lm bnh, khng my ngi chu
phc, bi vy cho nn thnh s bin lon.
2. Kiu Binh.
Nguyn t khi h Trnh gip nh L Trung Hng v sau, t Kinh K ch dng lnh Thanh, lnh Ngh
gi l u binh lm quan tc v.
Nhng lnh y thng hay cy cng lm nhiu iu tri php. Nm gip dn (1674) i Trnh Tc, lnh
tam ph tc l lnh Thanh, lnh Ngh git quan Tham Tng Nguyn Quc Trinh v ph nh Phm
Cng Tr. Nm tn du (1741) qun u binh li ph nh v chc git quan Tham Tng Nguyn Qu
Cnh. Nhng lc qun u binh lm lon nh vy, tuy nh cha c bt nhng a th xng lm ti
nhng chng quen thi, v sau h hi c iu g bt bnh, th li ni ln lm lon.
Trnh Khi phong quan tc cho Nguyn Bng v trng thng cho qun tam ph. T qun y mt
ngy mt kiu, c i cp ph cc nh, khng ai kim ch c. Nm gip thn (1784) qun tam ph
li ph nh quan tham tng Nguyn Ly, nh Dng Khung v git Nguyn Trim trc ca ph
cha. Khi by gi Nguyn Ly chy thot c ln Sn Ty cng vi em l Nguyn iu bn nh rc
Trnh Khi ra ngoi, ri gi binh cc trn v tr kiu binh. Nhng s l ra, qun kiu binh vo canh
gi ph cha, Trnh Khi khng ra c. Qun y li chia nhau ra gi cc ca . Qun cc trn cng
s cha b hi u phi rt v. T qun kiu binh ko nhau hng trm hng nghn i cp ph cc
lng. H c a no i l loi th dn lng li bt git i, thnh ra qun vi dn xem nhau nh cu ch,
m cc vn thn v tng cng b tay m chu khng lm sao c. Sau c quan tham tng l Bi Huy
Bch d dnh mi mi dn dn hi yn.
3. Ty Sn Ly Thun Ha.
Nguyn khi trc Hong nh Bo trn th t Ngh An, c nhiu th h gii, m trong bn y c mt
ngi huyn Chn Lc, thuc Ngh An, tn l Nguyn Hu Chnh, hng cng t lc 16 tui, tc
gi l cng Chnh, tnh ho hoa, lm c tr, nhiu can m, m li c ti bin bc. Trc theo Hong
Ng Phc, thng i nh gic b, gic s lm, gi l chim d; sau khi Hong Ng Phc mt ri, Hu
Chnh v theo Hong nh Bo.
n khi kiu binh git Hong nh Bo ri, c ngi em tin Hu Chnh bit, Hu Chnh vo bn
vi quan trn th Ngh An l V T Giao t lp x Ngh, nhng m V T Giao s khng dm
lm, Hu Chnh bn b vo vi vua Ty Sn l Nguyn Nhc.
Nguyn khi trc Nguyn Hu Chnh theo Hong Ng Phc vo nh Qung Nam thng vn i li
quen Nguyn Nhc, cho nn Nguyn Nhc tin dng, i lm thng tn. T Nguyn Hu Chnh by
mu nh k xin vua Ty Sn ra nh Thun Ha v t Bc H.
V, t khi Hong Ng Phc mt ri, Trnh Sm sai Bi Th t vo trn th t Thun Ha, sau li sai
Phm Ng Cu vo thay Bi Th t. Phm Ng Cu l ngi nhu nhc v mu, m li c tnh tham
lam, ch lo vic lm giu, ch khng ngh g n vic binh. Quan ph c th l Nguyn Lnh Tn
vit th v by t mi l v xin Trnh Sm cho tng khc vo thay Phm Ng Cu. Trnh Sm khng
nghe, li i Nguyn Lnh Tn v.
4. Ty Sn Dt H Trnh.
Nguyn Hu ly c t Thun Ha ri, sai ngi gii Phm Ng Cu v Qui Nhn nh ti phi
chm, on ri Nguyn Hu hi cc tng li bn sai ngi ra sa sang n ng Hi, v nh gi
a gii c sng La H. Nguyn Hu Chnh ni rng: "ng phng mnh ra nh mt trn m bnh
c t Thun Ha, uy kinh c chn Bc h. Phm ci php dng binh, mt l thi hai l th ba l
c, c ba iu nh u cng c. By gi t Bc H tng th li, qun th kiu, triu nh
khng c k cng g c, nu ng nhn ly ci uy thanh ny, em binh ra nh th lm g m khng
c. ng khng nn b mt ci c, ci thi v ci th y". Nguyn Hu ni rng: " Bc H c nhiu
nhn ti, khng nn coi lm thng". Hu Chnh p li rng: "Nhn ti Bc H ch c mt mnh
Chnh, nay Chnh b i, th nc khng c ai na, xin ng ng c ngi g!" Nguyn Hu ci m
ni rng: " y! ngi khc th khng ngi, ch ngi c ng thi!" Hu Chnh tht st i ri ni rng:
" Ti t bit ti hn, nhng m ti ni th l c t cho ng bit ngoi Bc khng c nhn ti thi".
Nguyn Huu ly li ni ngt yn lng Hu Chnh v bo rng: " Nh L lm vua my trm nm
nay, by gi cp ly, cha chc lng ngi theo mnh." Hu Chnh ni: "Nay Bc H c vua li
c cha, y l mt s c kim i bin. H Trnh ting rng ph L, thc l hip ch, c nc khng ai
phc. V xa nay khng ai lm g gip nh L, l ch s ci th mnh m thi, nay ng m, ph
L dit Trnh th thin h ai chng theo ng." Nguyn Hu ni: "ng ni phi lm, nhng ta ch phng
mnh i nh t Thun Ha m thi, ch khng phng mnh i nh Bc H, s ri can ti kiu mnh
th lm th no ?" Hu Chnh ni: "Kiu mnh l ti nh, vic ng lm l cng to. V lm tng
ngoi c iu khng cn phi theo mnh vua, ng li khng bit hay sao?"
Nguyn Hu Chnh em qun i qua Ngh An, Thanh Ha, quan trn th l Bi Th Toi v T Danh
Thy khng ai dm ra c ch; khi ra n V Hong, quan coi n y b chy. Hu Chnh ly c
hn trm vn hc lng, ri t la lm hiu, qun Nguyn Hu ko n ng gi y.
Trc kia thnh Ph Xun v ri, tin bo n Thng Long, cc quan bn rng: x y vn khng l
t ca triu nh, by gi mt cng khng hi g. V th, ch sai Trnh T Quyn em 27 c vo gi
t Ngh An. Trnh T Quyn thu xp hn 10 ngy cha xong, n khi i c 30 dm th c tin
bo Ty Sn n ng sng V Hong ri. T Quyn bn em qun xung gi mt Kim ng.
Quan trn th Sn Nam l Bi Th Dn em b binh xung ng x Ph Sa, thuc huyn ng An.
inh Tch Nhng em thy qun ra gi ca Luc By gi gi ng Nam thi to, n m Nguyn
Hu sai ly tng g ln trn my chic thuyn ri nh trng ko c th thuyn cho tri i. inh
Tch Nhng trng thy tng l qun Ty Sn n nh, gin thuyn ra trn thnh ch nht, ri truyn
ly sng m bn. Bn mi, sau mi bit ngi trn thuyn l tng g. Lc qun Ty Sn tin ln
nh, th inh Tch Nhng ht c thuc n, phi b thuyn m chy. Qun ca Bi Th Dn v Trnh
T Quyn cng tan c. Nguyn Hu h c thnh Sn Nam ri, ri mt mt truyn hch i cc l ni
ly ngha ph L dit Trnh, mt mt ko qun ln ly Thng Long.
By gi kinh thnh th qun kiu binh khng sai khin c, m qun Ty Sn th n ni ri.
Trnh Khi mi cho gi Hong Phng C, Sn Ty v, em qun ng h Vn Xun (x Vn Ph,
Thanh Tr) cn thy binh th ng bn Ty Long (Th Xng) phng gi. Qun Ty Sn tin ln
nh tan thy qun ca nh Trnh, Hong Phng C phi b chy. Trnh Khi mc o nhung y cm c
ln voi thc qun vo nh, nhng th Ty Sn mnh lm, nh khng c, Trnh Khi b chy ln
Sn Ty. i n lng H Li, huyn Yn Lng, gp tn Nguyn Trang nh la bt em np cho Ty
Sn. Trnh Khi v n lng Nht Chiu ly gm ct c t tn. By gi l nm bnh ng (1786).
Nguyn Hu cho ly vng l m tng tng cho cha Trnh, ri vo thnh Thng Long yt kin vua L.
H Trnh gip nh L trung hng ln, ri gi ly quyn chnh, lp ra nghip cha, lu truyn t Trnh
Tng n Trnh Khi c 216 nm (1570- 1786) n y l ht.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 10
Nh Hu L Mt Ngi Vua
1. Ty Sn rt qun v Nam
3. Ty Sn ly t Bc H
1. Ty Sn Rt Qun V Nam.
Nguyn Hu dt c h Trnh ri, vo thnh Thng Long, xung lnh cm qun lnh khng c
cp ph dn gian, v nh ngy xin yt kin vua L n Vn Th.
By gi vua Hin Tng ang au, khng ngi dy tip c, ngi mi Nguyn Hu vo ngi gn sp
ng, ly li n tn m ph d. Nguyn Hu tu by ci l em binh r ph L dit Trnh, ch khng
dm c dm ng g. Vua mng r m t Nguyn Hu.
Khi qun Ty Sn ra n Thng Long, cc quan triu thn chy trn c, ch cn c my ngi ni gim
li hu h vua. Nguyn Hu Chnh thy vy vo tu vi vua xin xung chiu tuyn triu cc quan v
triu; c my hm c mi ngi lc tc ko nhau tr v. Vua bn nh n ngy mng 7 thng 7
lp i tro in Knh Thin, Nguyn Hu em cc tng v ly v dng s qun s, dn inh, t
r ci ngha tn ph nht thng, ngha l t v sau nh L c quyn t ch.
Vua phong cho Nguyn Hu lm Nguyn Soi Uy Quc Cng, v li g cho b Ngc Hn Cng Cha
l con gi ca ngi. Chng bao lu vua Hin Tng mt, Hong Tn l Duy K ln ni ngi, t nin
hiu l Chiu Thng.
Vua Chiu Thng c tin vua Ty Sn ra Bc, bn em bch quan ra n ngoi Nam Giao. Nhng
Nguyn Nhc c i thng, ri cho ngi n ni rng: xin ngy khc tip kin. c my hm
Nguyn Nhc mi vua Chiu Thng sang ph ng l l tng kin. Nguyn Nhc ngi gia, vua
Chiu Thng ngi bn t, Nguyn Hu ngi bn hu, cc quan vn v ng hu hai bn.
Khi vo lm l xong ri, vua Chiu Thng xin nhng my qun khao qun. Nguyn Nhc ni rng:
"V h Trnh hip ch, cho nn chng ti ra gip nh vua; nu bng t nc h Trnh th mt tc cng
khng li, nhng m ca nh L th mt tc cng khng dm ly. Xin mong nh vua gng sc lm
vic, gi yn ci t, i i giao hiu vi nhau, y l ci phc ca hai nc y."
on ri vua Chiu Thng v in, hm sau anh em Ty Sn bn rt qun v Nam, v thy Nguyn
Hu Chnh l ngi gio quyt, nh b li Bc H, bn mt truyn cho cc tng thu xp qun thy
b, kho tng c g ly ht, ri n na m ngy 17 thng 8, ko qun v Nam. Sng hm sau Nguyn
Hu Chnh bit Ty Sn v ri, s hi lm, hong ht b c c, chy xung chic thuyn bun vo
Ngh An, theo vua Ty Sn. Nguyn Nhc thy Hu Chnh li theo v, khng n b, cho li cng
vi Nguyn Du gi t Ngh An.
Trnh Bng c khi binh my ln toan s khi phc, nhng khng thnh co6ng, cho nn cng chn
s i bn b i tu, v sau khng bit cht u. H Trnh mt t y.
Nguyn Hu Chnh nh ui h Trnh i ri, vua phong cho chc i T Bng Trung Cng. T
Hu Chnh cy cng khinh ngi, lm lm iu tri php, vua cng ly lm lo. Nhng khng bit
trng cy vo ai, cho nn nh phi chu vy.
3. Ty Sn Ly t Bc H.
trong Nam th t khi vua Ty Sn l Nguyn Nhc v Quy Nhn ri, t xng lm Trung ng Hong
, phong cho Nguyn L lm ng nh Vng t Gia nh, cho Nguyn Hu lm Bc Bnh
Vng, t Thun Ha, ly Hi Vn Sn lm gii hn.
Thng 11 nm inh t (1787) V Vn Nhm ph qun Nguyn Hu Chnh Thanh Quyt Giang (lng
Thanh Quyt, huyn Gia Vin), v Chu Cu ( ph L Nhn) ri nh ui ra n Thng Long.
Vua Chiu Thng thy qun ca Nguyn Hu Chnh thua ri, bn b Kinh , chy sang Kinh bc,
v sai L Qunh cng vi hn 30 ngi tn tht em b Hong Thi Hu, b Hong Phi v Hong T
ln Cao Bng. Cn vua th cng vi Hu Chnh v ng ni Mc Sn t Yn Th.
V Vn Nhm git Nguyn Hu Chnh ri, cho i tm vua Chiu Thng khng c, bn tn Sng
Nhng Cng tn l L Duy Cn ln lm gim quc thu phc lng ngi.
By gi cc quan khng ai theo, Sng Nhng Cng trong in ch c vi ngi hong thn v my
vin v tng, sm ti hu h, cn th
121
Bc Bnh Vng i t quan qun, chnh n mi vic xong c ri, chn ngy v Nam, bn
Ng Vn S li gi t Bc H.
Vua Chiu Thng t khi thua trn Mc Sn chy v ni Bo Lc, ri nay Hi Dng, mai Sn
Nam, cng vi my ngi trung ngha lo s khi phc, nhng v th lc mi ngy mt km, b ti nh
bn inh Tch Nhng th gi mt lm phn, cn th ai ny trn trnh i mt c, bi th cho nn c
nghip nh L nt vy.
1. Nh Nguyn Ty Sn dy nghip
9. Quan Ch
13. Vic nh nh Tu
1. Nh Nguyn Ty Sn Dy Nghip.
Nhng ngi lm quc s nc Tu v nc ta thng chia nhng nh lm vua ra chnh thng v ngy
triu. Nh no, mt l nh gic m nc, sng to ra c nghip, hai l c k truyn phn minh,
thn dn u phc, ba l dp lon yn dn, dng nghip t trung nguyn, th cho l chnh thng. Nh
no, mt l lm ti cp ngi vua, lm s thon ot khng thnh, hai l xng , xng vng ch
rng ni, hay l t bin a, b l nhng ngi ngoi chng vo chim nc lm vua, th cho l
ngy triu.
Vy nay ly nhng l y m xt xem nn cho nh Nguyn Ty Sn lm chnh thng hay ngy triu,
cho hp l cng bng v cho xng ci danh hiu nhng ngi anh hng qua.
Lc y anh em Nguyn Nhc l ngi dn mc o vi, dy binh p Ty Sn, chng nhau vi cha
Nguyn lp nghip t Quy Nhn. Tuy rng i vi h Nguyn l cu ch, nhng m i vi
nc Nam, th chng qua cng l mt ngi anh hng lp thn trong lc bin lon m thi.
Nhng v vua nh L nhu nhc, triu thn lc by gi khng ai c ti kinh lun, li cho Trnh Bng
v Nguyn Hu Chnh ni nhau m chuyn quyn, n ni thnh ra tn lon. Du th mc lng, khi
Nguyn Hu git V Vn Nhm ri, khng n dt nh L, t Gim Quc gi tng miu tin triu;
nh th th cch vi nh L khng ly g lm bc.
Sau vua Chiu Thng v b Hong Thi Hu i sang ku cu bn Tu, vua nh Thanh nhn ly dp y
mn tin cu nh L, ly nc Nam, bn sai binh tng sang gi thnh Thng Long. By gi c
theo nh t mt d ca vua nh Thanh th nc Nam ta, b ngoi tuy cha mt hn, nhng k tht
vo tay ngi Tu ri.
Tuy rng chng c bao lu nh Nguyn Ty Sn sinh ra ni lon, vua Th T Cao Hong nh
Nguyn li thu phc c c nghip c m nht thng c nam bc li lm mt, nhng vic thnh bi
hng vong l mnh tri, v li khi hai ngi anh hng ui mt con hu, tt l ngi n gi ngi
kia l cu ch. Vy ly l tn bn triu m xt th nh Nguyn Ty Sn l ngy, m ly cng l m suy
th vua Quang Trung Nguyn Hu l mt ng vua cng ng ngang vai vi vua inh Tin Hong, vua
L Thi T, m nh Nguyn Ty Sn cng l mt nh chnh thng nh nh inh v nh L vy.
Nm mu thn (1788) qun nh Thanh mn ting sang cu nh L, chim gi thnh Thng Long, c
mun ly t An Nam, Bc Bnh Vng ln ngi Hong t nin hiu l Quang Trung, ri em binh
i nh gic.
Nguyn vua Chiu Thng my ln toan s khi phc, nhng khng c, phi nng nu t Lng
Giang; cn b Hong Thi Hu th em hong t sang Long Chu ku van vi quan Tu, xin binh cu
vin. By gi quan tng c Lng Qung l Tn S Ngh dng biu tu vi vua Cn Long nh Thanh,
i lc ni rng: "H L l cng thn nc Tu, nay b gic ly mt nc, m v v T qun sang
cu cu, tnh cng nn thng. V nc Nam vn l t c ca nc Tu, nu sau khi cu c nh
L, v li ly c t An Nam, thc l li c i ng."
Vua Cn Long nghe li tu y sai Tn S Ngh khi qun bn tnh Qung ng, Qung Ty, Qu Chu,
Vn Nam, em sang nh Ty Sn. Tn S Ngh chia qun ra lm 3 o, sai quan tng binh tnh Vn
Nam v Qu Chu em mt o sang mn Tuyn Quang 122 , sai Sm Nghi ng l tri ph in Chu
em mt o sang mn Cao Bng. S Ngh cng vi c l Ha Th Hanh em mt o sang mn
Lng Sn, hn ngy tin binh sang nh An Nam.
122
Tn S Ngh ko qun n Kinh Bc (Bc Ninh), vua Chiu Thng ra cho mng ri theo qun Tu v
Thng Long. S Ngh ng n gia bi, v m nam sng Nh Ha, bc cu phao gia sng tin
i li, v chia qun ra gi cc mt.
Ngy hm sau, S Ngh l l tuyn c t sc ca vua nh Thanh phong cho vua Chiu Thng lm An
Nam Quc Vng.
Vua Chiu Thng tuy th phong, nhng cc t vn th u phi nin hiu Cn Long. Mi khi
bui chu xong ri, li n dinh S Ngh chu chc vic c mt qun quc. Vua ci nga i vi
mi ngi lnh hu m thi. S Ngh th ngo ngh, t c, t x vi vua rt l khinh bc; c khi
vua Chiu Thng li hu, khng cho vo yt kin, ch sai mt ngi ng di gc ching truyn ra
rng: khng c vic qun quc g, xin ngy hy v cung ngh.
Ngi by gi bn ring vi nhau rng: "Nc Nam ta t khi c vng n gi, khng thy vua
no hn h n th. Ting l lm vua m phi theo nin hiu vua Tu, vic g cng phi bm n quan
Tng c, th th c khc g l ni thuc ri khng?"
123
Ni Tam ip trc gi l o Ba Di ch phn bit a gii tnh Ninh Bnh v tnh Thanh Ha.
thng lnh thy b i binh ra nh gic Thanh. Ra n Ngh An ngh li 10 ngy kn ly thm binh,
c thy c 10 vn qun v hn 100 con voi.
Vua Quang Trung im duyt qun s, truyn d nh bo mi ngi phi c gng nh gic gip nc.
on ri ko qun ra Bc, n ngy 20 thng chp th n ni Tam ip. Bn Ng Vn S, Ng Th
Nhim u ra t ti, k chuyn qun Tu th mnh, s nh khng ni, cho nn phi lui v gi ch
him yu.
Vua Quang Trung ci m ni rng: "Chng n sang phen ny l mua ci cht thi. Ta ra chuyn
ny thn coi vic qun nh gi, nh mo ri, ui qun Tu v chng qua 10 ngy l xong vic.
Nhng ch ngh chng l nc ln gp 10 nc ta, sau khi chng thua mt trn ri, tt chng ly lm
xu h, li mu bo th, nh th th nh nhau mi khng thi, dn ta hi nhiu, ta sao n th. Vy
nh xong trn ny, ta phi nh Th Nhim dng li ni cho kho nh ch vic chin tranh. i
mi nm na, nc ta dng c sc ph cng ri, th ta khng cn phi s chng na."
Vua Quang Trung truyn cho tng s n tt Nguyn n trc, n hm tr tch th ct qun i,
nh ngy mng 7 thng ging th vo thnh Thng Long m tic n mng. on ri, truyn lnh cho ba
qun n nghe lnh iu khin.
Nm qun c lnh u thu xp u y, n hm 30 khua trng ko ra Bc. Khi qun sang sng
Gin Thy 124 , cnh ngha qun ca nh L
124
Gin Thy chc l bn Gin gip gii tnh Ninh Bnh v H Nam by gi. tan v chy c. Vua
Quang Trung thn c cc qun ui theo n huyn Ph Xuyn bt sng ht c ton qun Tu ng
y, khng mt ngi no chy thot c; v th cho nn khng c tin bo v, nhng qun Tu ng
lng H Hi v lng Ngc Hi khng bit g c. Na m ngy mng 3 thng ging nm K Du
(1789) qun vua Quang Trung n lng H hi vy kn n gic, ri bc loa ln gi, cc qun d rm
c ln, c hng mun ngi. Qun canh n by gi mi bit, s hi tht th, u xin hng, bi th, ly
c ht c qun lng v kh gii. Sng m m ngy mng nm, qun Ty Sn tin ln n lng
Ngc Hi, qun Tu bn sng ra nh ma. Vua Quang Trung sai ngi ly nhng mnh vn, ghp ba
mnh li lm mt, ly rm c gip nc qun ngoi, ri sai qun kiu dng c 20 ngi khing mt
mnh, mi ngi dt mt con dao nhn, li c 20 ngi cm kh gii theo sau. Vua Quang Trung ci
voi i sau c chin, qun An Nam vo n gn ca n, b vn xung t, rt dao ra, xng vo
chm, qun i sau cng ko a c vo nh. Qun Tu ch khng ni, xn xao tn lon, xo ln nhau
m chy. Qun Nam tha th nh trn i, ly c cc n, git qun Thanh thy nm ngn ngang
khp ng, mu chy nh tho nc. Qun cc o khc cng u c ton thng. Quan nh Thanh l
c Ha Th Hanh, tin phong Trng S Long, t dc Thng Duy Thng u t trn c; quan ph
in Chu l Sm Nghi ng ng ng a 125
Vua Chiu Thng cng theo Tn S Ngh sang sng cng vi b Hong Thi Hu v my ngi cn
thn chy sang Tu.
125
127
Vua Quang Trung vo thnh Thng Long, h lnh chiu an, phm nhng ngi Tu trn trnh u ra
th ti, u c cp cho o mc, lng n. Li bt c c n tn ca Tn S Ngh b li, trong
nhng giy m bt c c t mt d ca vua Cn Long ni rng: " Vic qun nn t , khng nn
hp tp. Hy nn a hch truyn thanh th i trc, v cho cc quan nh L v nc c hp ngha
binh, tm t qun nh L em ra ng u i ch vi Nguyn Hu, th xem s th th no. Nu
lng ngi nc Nam cn nh nh L, c qun ta ko n, ai l chng gng sc. Nguyn Hu tt phi
tho lui; ta nhn ly dp y m sai T qun ui theo, ri i binh ca ta theo sau, nh th khng kh
nhc my ni m nn c cng to, l mo hay hn c. V bng sut ngi trong nc, na theo
ng n, na theo ng kia, th Nguyn Hu tt khng chu lui. Vy ta hy a th sang t bo ng
ha phc xem n i p lm sao. i khi no thy qun Mn, Qung i ng b sang nh mt
Thun Ha v Qung Nam ri, b binh s tin ln sau. Nguyn Hu trc sau b ch, th tt phi chu
thua. By gi ta s nhn m l n cho c hai bn; t t Thun Ha Qung Nam tr vo Nam, th cho
Nguyn Hu; t chu Hoan, chu i tr ra Bc th phong cho T qun nh L. Ta ng i binh li
kim ch c hai bn, ri s c x tr v sau".
Vua Quang Trung sai s em th sang Tu, v li sai em nhng qun nh Thanh bt c,
mt ni, cp cho lng thc, i ngy cho v nc. Xp t mi vic xong ri, em qun v Nam,
lu Ng Vn S v Phan vn Ln li tng thng cc vic qun quc; cn nhng vic t lnh giao
thip vi nc Tu th y thc cho Ng Th Nhim v Phan Huy ch cho c t tin m khu x, h
khng c vic g quan h th bt tt phi i tu bo m lm g.
Vua nh Thanh nghe tin Tn S Ngh bi binh, ni gin ng ng, lp tc ging ch sai quan ni cc l
Phc Khang An 128
ra thay S Ngh lm tng c Lng Qung, em binh m chn tnh, sang kinh l vic An Nam.
Phc Khang An ra n Qung Ty nghe ting qun An Nam th mnh trong bng s, c mun ha,
bn sai ngi a th sang ni vic li hi v bo phi lm biu t ti cho yn vic binh ao.
Vua Quang Trung bn cho ngi a vng bc sang t lt cho Khang An, ri sai ngi chu l
Nguyn Quang Hin v quan l V Huy Tn em cng phm sang Yn Kinh vo chu vua nh
Thanh v dng biu xin phong.
By gi quan ngoi th c Phc Khang An t gip , quan trong th c cc thn l Ha Thn 129
lm ch trng, cho nn vua nh Thanh mi thun cho ging ha. Ha Thn c tin bc ca vua
Quang Trung t lt, ri dng li ni kho, iu g cng hp vua nh Thanh. Vua nh Thanh bn sai
s sang phong cho vua Quang Trung lm An Nam Quc Vng, v li ging ch vi quc vng vo
chu.
Vua Quang Trung bn chn mt ngi hnh dung ging mnh, tn l Phm Cng Tr tr lm quc
vng, ri sai Ng Vn S, ng Vn Chn, Phan Huy ch, V Huy Tn a sang Yn Kinh, vo chu
Cn Long. Ngoi nhng phm vt phi em cng, vua Quang Trung li em cng thm i tng c,
lm cho cc cung trm dc ng bn Tu phI phc dch a n tht l vt v. Quan Tng c
Lng Qung l Phc Khang An v quan Tun ph Qung Ty l Tn Vnh Thanh phi a Quc
Vng An Nam vo Kinh.
Sang n Yn Kinh, vua Cn Long nh Thanh tng l Nguyn Quang Trung tht, vi n chu Nhit
H, cho vo lm l m gi, nh l tnh cha con mt nh, v cho n yn vi cc thn vng. n lc v
nc, vua li sai th v lm mt bc nh truyn thn ban cho n l tht l hu.
128
Phc Khang An l ngi Mn Chu, thuc v dinh Hong K, vn l ngi tn dng ca vua nh
Thanh. 129
Ha Thn cng l ngi Mn Chu v dinh Hong K, cng vi Phc Khang An coi vic phin vin.
6. Vua Chiu Thng Nh L b nhc bn Tu.
Vua Chiu Thng theo Tn S Ngh vo thnh Nam Kinh Qung Ty, c t lu th vua nh Thanh
sai cc thn l Phc Khang An ra thay Tn S Ngh. Khang An mun ging ha vi Ty Sn, bn mi
vua Chiu Thng v Qu Lm. By gi nhng quan cu thn nh L l: Hong thc L Duy n, inh
Nh Hnh, inh Lnh Dn, Trn Huy Lm, L Don, L Dnh, Phan Khi c, B Nguyn Cung, B
Nguyn Don, u lc tc sang theo vua Chiu Thng, vo ra mt Khang An.
Khang An dng inh Nh Hnh lm chc th b Ton Chu, Phan Khi c lm chc t Liu
Chu, cn th ty tin an tr mi ngi mt ni. Duy ch c L Duy n, Trn Huy Lm, L Don, L
Dnh v Qu Lm theo vua nh L.
Phc Khang An bn lm mt t biu tu vi vua nh Thanh rng: "Vua nc Nam l L Duy K khng
c xin vin binh na, vua ti hin gic tc, thay o, xin yn tm li nc Tu. Vy xin bi binh
nh An Nam". trong li c Ha Thn tn thnh, bi vy vua nh Thanh mi xung ch bi binh.
Vua nh Thanh nghe li bn Phc Khang An v Ha Thn, v phong vng cho vua Quang
Trung ri, li ging ch triu vua ti nh L v Yn Kinh 130 .
130
Bn L Qunh, Trnh Hin c thy n 10 ngi sau cng b Phc Khang An gi v Qung Ty, ri bt
i o gic tc nh mi ngi. L Qunh ni rng: "ng cho gi chng ti n chng bn c iu
g, li d chng ti i o, gic tc, y l ngha g? u chng ti c th cht c, ch tc khng
gic, da c th lt c, ch o khng i!". Phc Khang An tc gin cho gii v c Yn Kinh, i n
Sn ng gp vua Cn Long i chi, vua i vo hi sao vua An Nam chu i o gic tc theo
nh Thanh m bn y li cn khng chu ? L Qunh tu rng: " Chng ti mun dm tng vong, xin c
theo tc bn quc vo ra mt quc vng, ri sau s vng ch" Vua nh Thanh khen l trung. Nhng v
sau L Qunh khng chu gic tc, chiu ti vi mnh phi giam mi.
Ma xun nm canh tut (1790), vua Chiu Thng cng vi cc quan tng vong vo kinh. Vua Cn
Long vua Chiu Thng, b Thi Hu v Hong T ng H ng, Ta Quc T Gim, ca Ty
nh Yn Kinh, ngoi ca ch "Ty An Nam Dinh". Cn cc quan An Nam i theo, th cho ng
H ng, ca ng Trc, ngoi ca ch: "ng An Nam Dinh".
Vua Chiu Thng n Yn Kinh c my hm, th thy quan Thng Nhng Hong K l Kim
Gin phng ch vua nh Thanh ra phong cho chc T Lnh, v ban cho o mo quan tam phm. Cn
cc quan i theo th cp cho mi ngi ba lng bc v mt thch go.
Vua Chiu Thng gin v b ngi Tu nh la, bn cng vi b ti l bn Phm Nh Tng, Hong
ch Hin, L Hn, Nguyn Quc ng, Nguyn Vit Triu, L Qu Thch, Nguyn nh Min, L Vn
Trng, L Tng, L Thc ung mu n th, nh sng cht th no th cng dng biu xin binh cu
vin. Nu khng cho th xin t hai tnh Tuyn Quang, Thi Nguyn phng th tng t; m khng
na, th xin cho v nc vo t Gia nh vi cha Nguyn vic khi phc.
Vn biu lm xong, n ni lt trc vi Kim Gin, Kim Gin khng nghe, vua ti nh L phc xung
t m ku khc. Kim Ging bt c d mi vo an i, ri ni rng: hy xin v qun ngh ngi, i
thng lng th no, sau s cho bit.
Kim Gin bn mu vi Ha Thn phn tr vua ti An Nam i mi ngi mt ni, cho khi ku ca
kh chu.
n thng t nm tn hi (1791) Hong ch HIu phi y sang I-l (thuc Hi-b Ty-vc, pha
Ty nc Tu); L Hn y i Phng Thin (Mn Chu); Phm Nh Tng y ln Hc Long Giang
(Mn Chu); Nguyn Vit Triu, L Qu Thch, Nguyn nh Min, m Thn Xng, L Vn Trng
y ra bn Trng-gia Nhit-h (thuc tnh Trc-l). Ch Phm nh Thin, inh Nh Hnh li
hu h vua L.
Vua Chiu Thng nghe chuyn y lo lng chua xt, rut nng nh la t, sng hm sau ci nga
nh Kim Gin, ku oan cho my ngi phi i y, gp Kim Gin vo chu vua nh Thanh vn
Vin Minh, vua Chiu Thng i vo ca vng, b lnh gi vng ngn cm khng cho i. By gi c
Nguyn Vn Quyn i theo hu vua, thy l lnh v l, mi ni gin ln m chi mng rng: "L ch
Ng kia sao chng bay c lm nhc n vua tao!" Ri ly gch nm vo chng n. Chng n xm
nhau li nh Vn Quyn v thnh bnh m cht.
T vua Chiu Thng trong bng bun b ru r, khng dm ni n vic xin binh na. Qua thng
nm nm nhm t (1792) hong t ln u mt. Vua nhn dp phi bnh mt ngy mt nng, n
thng mi nm qu su (1793) th mt, th c 28 tui.
n nm nhm tut (1802) nhn khi bn Vit Nam ta vua Th T nh Nguyn thng nht c nam
bc, v c s ta sang cu phong, cc quan nh L mi nhn dp dng biu xin em ma Thi Hu v C
Qun v nc. Vua Gia Khnh cho tt c nhng ngi Vit Nam theo vua L sang Tu v nc.
Khi em ma b Thi Hu v vua Chiu Thng v n Vit Nam th b Hong Phi trc phi n np
t Kinh Bc, nay ln n i quan n rc, ri v n Thng Long cng nhn n m t t.
Ngy 24 thng 11, rc ma C qun, Thi Hu, Hong Phi v Hong t v tng lng Bn Thch
Thanh Ha.
Vua Quang Trung nh Nguyn Ty Sn l ng vua anh dng, ly v lc m dng nghip, nhng ngi
c lng, rt am hiu vic tr nc, bit trng nhng ngi hin ti vn hc. Khi ngi ra ly Bc
h, nhng ngi nh Ng Th Nhim, Phan Huy ch u c trng dng v nht l i vi mt ngi
x s nh Nguyn Thip th tht l khc thng.
ng Nguyn Thip, t l Khi Chuyn, hiu l Nguyt c, bit hiu l Hnh Am. ng lm nh Lc
Nin Thnh, thuc huyn La Sn, tnh H Tnh by gi, cho nn ngi ta gi l Lc Nin tin sinh hay
l La sn phu t. Vua Quang Trung t khi em qun ra nh Bc h, bit ting Nguyn Thip, my
ln cho ngi em l vt mi ng ra gip, ng khng nhn l v cng t chi khng ra. n khi ngi
ng cc, li my ln cho ngi n mi ng, ng c n bi yt v khuyn vua nn ly nhn ngha
m tr dn tr nc, ri li xin v. Vua Quang Trung tuy khng dng c ng, nhng bao gi cng tn
knh ng nh bc thy, v vic chnh tr trong nc thng theo ngha ca ng trnh by.
Vua Quang Trung tuy th phong nh Thanh, nhng vn t x theo cch Hong , lp b Ngc Hn
con vua Hin Tng nh L lm Bc Cung Hong Hu, lp con l Quang Ton lm Thi T. Li ly
thnh Ngh An l t gia nc v li l t t khi xa , mi sai th thuyn ti vn , g, gch,
ngi, sa sang n i cung in, v sai qun cc o o ly ong xy ni thnh, gi l Phng
Hong Trung . Ci thnh Thng Long l Bc Thnh, chia t Sn Nam ra lm hai trn, gi l Sn
Nam Thng, Sn Nam H 131 .
Mi trn t quan trn th v quan hip trn. Mi huyn, vn th t chc phn tri xt vic kin co,
v th t chc phn sut coi vic binh lng.
9. Quan Ch.
Quan Ch thi by gi th khng thy s chp r, nhng xem cc d s th thy c tam co6ng, tam
thiu, c i chng t, i t , i t khu, i t m, i t khng, i t ci, i t l, Thi y,
i tng qun, i ng l, i c, i h, v.v... Li c Trung th snh, Trung th lnh, i
hc s, Hip bin i hc s, Th trung ng s, Lc b thng th, T hu ng ngh, T hu phng
ngh, Th lang, T v, Hn lm, v.v....
V ng qun binh th t ra tin qun, hu qun, trung qun, t qun, hu qun, v.v...
131
Trn l Sn Nam Thng Chu Cu, trn l Sn Nam H V Hong. 10. Vic inh in.
i Ty Sn vic cai tr thng hay dng ch nm. Nh vua mun rng ngi Vit Nam th phi dng
ting Vit Nam, gy thnh ci tinh thn ca nc nh, v ci vn chng c bit, khng phi i
mn ting mn ch ca nc Tu. Vy nn khi thi c thng bt quan ra bi ch nm v bt s t
lm bi bng ch nm. Thi by gi nhiu ngi khng hiu r ci ngha su x y, cho l vua Ty
Sn dng h chnh m c hip nhn dn.
Vua Quang Trung thy lng no cng c cha chin, m nhng ngi i tu hnh th ngu dt, khng my
ngi t c ci o cao su ca Pht, ch mn ting thn thnh m nh la k ngu dn, ngi
xung chiu bt b nhng cha nh cc lng, em g gch lm mi ph mi huyn mt ci cha
tht to, rt p, ri chn ly nhng tng nhn c hc thc, c o c, coi cha th Pht. Cn nhng
ngi khng xng ng th bt v lm n. vua Quang Trung mun rng ch th Pht phi cho tn
nghim, m nhng ngi i tu hnh th phi l ngi chn tu m o mi c.
Nhng vic ci cch y rt c ngha l, nhng v tha y c nhiu s chin tranh, v nh Ty Sn cng
khng lm vua c bao lu, cho nn thnh ra khng c cng hiu g c.
By gi bn Tu c nhng gic Tu , quy nhiu min b b qun nh Thanh nh ui, chy sang
xin ph thuc nc ta, vua Quang Trung cho ngi tng Tu- lm chc tng binh, sai sang quy
nhiu mt b nc Tu. Li c ngi thuc v ng Thin a Hi lm gic T Xuyn, vua cng
thu dng cho lm tng.
Cng vic xp t u vo y ri, n nm nhm t (1792) vua Quang Trung sai s sang Tu, xin cu
hn v xin tr li cho Vit Nam t Lng Qung. Vic y tuy khng phi l bn nhng mun mn
chuyn th vua nh Thanh. Khng ng vua Quang Trung phi bnh mt, cc quan dm vic cu
hn v vic xin tr t i, khng cho Thanh triu bit.
Vua Quang Trung mt nm nhm t (1792), lm vua c 4 nm, th c 40 tui, miu hiu l Thi
T V Hong .
Triu thn by gi l Bi c Tuyn, Trn Quang Diu 132 , V Vn Dng lp thi t l Nguyn
Quang Ton ln ni ngi lm vua, ri sai s sang Tu dng biu co tang v cu phong. Trong biu ni
di rng khi vua Quang Trung mt c dn li rng phi em chn Ty H gn Bc Thnh, t ci
bng quyn luyn trng v Thin triu. Vua nh Thanh xem biu tng l tht, khen l trung, t tn
thy cho l Trung Thun, lai ng ch mt bi th sang ving, sai quan n st Qung Ty l Thnh Lm
sang t, v phongcho Quang Ton lm An Nam Quc Vng. Trong bi vn t c cu rng:
Chn t Ty h
132
Khi vua Quang Trung mt th Thi T l Nguyn Quang Ton mi ln 10 tui, triu nh tn ln lm
vua, t nin hiu l Cnh Thnh, sau thnh Ph Xun tht th, vua ti nh Ty Sn chy ra Bc h li
i nin hiu l Bo Hng.
Vua Cnh Thnh tuy ln ngi nhng m vic g cng do thi s l Bi c Tuyn quyt on c.
Bi c Tuyn l anh rut b Thi Hu, cho nn uy quyn li cng hng hch lm. Cc quan vn v c
nhiu ngi khng phc, bi vy cho nn v sau trong Triu phn ra b ng; cc i thn git hi ln
nhau. V li lc by gi c vua Th T Cao Hong nh Nguyn l mt bc c ti tr, quyt ch phc
th, cho nn c nghip nh Ty Sn khng c bao lu m nt vy.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn IV : T Ch Thi-i (Thi K Nam Bc Phn Tranh)
PIV-Chng 12
Nguyn Vng Nht Thng Nc Nam
5. Vic bun bn
133
Nay Bangkok c mt ch gi l lng Gia Long tc l ch Nguyn Vng ngy trc. thuyn,
ngi th i ln v Gia nh, chiu tp nhng k ngh dng i ngy khi phc.
Lc by gi nhn c qun Din in sang nh Tim La, Nguyn Vng cng vi bn L Vn Cu,
Nguyn Vn Thnh em qun bn b i nh gip nc Tim. Nguyn Vng li c cng tr c
nhng gic M Lai thng vn hay n quy nhiu mt b. Bi vy cho nn nc Tim li cng
trng i vua ti nh Nguyn.
Nhng chng c bao lu, Nguyn Nhc v Nguyn Hu khng ha vi nhau. Nguyn Nhc em qun
Ph Xun vo vy thnh Quy Nhn nguy cp lm. Nguyn Nhc phi vi c ng Vn Chn em
qun Gia nh ra cu.
li gip. Vua Tim La bit vic y lm khng bng lng, Nguyn Vng phi t chi v t n ngi
B o Nha.
134
Nguyn Vng sai ngi tr lm mt ci th ca Nguyn Nhc gI cho Nguyn L, trong th bo phi
git Phm Vn Tham i, ri vng sai ngi gi tng a lm cho Phm Vn Tham, Phm Vn Tham
bt c ci th y s hi, lp tc v Lng Ph phn gii tnh oan vi Nguyn L, nhng Nguyn
L thy t nhin Phm Vn Tham ko qun n, li c c trng i trc, tng l Vn Tham hng
nh Nguyn ri, vi vng b thnh chy v Quy Nhn, c t lu th mt.
V Tnh l ngi Bin Ha, c ngi anh tn l V Nhn lm thuc tng Thanh Nhn. Sau
Thanh Nhn b git, V Nhn t qun ng Sn lm phn, nh li cha Nguyn, nhng chng bao lu
cng b bt, phi git. V Tnh mi em d ng ng Sn ca anh v gi Vn Tru (thuc Gia
nh), ri sau li v ng G Cng, xng l Tng Nhung, th h c my vn ngi, qun Ty Sn
b nh ph nhiu ln, thng ni rng: "Trong bn tam hng t Gia nh, V Tnh l anh hng
bc nht, khng nn phm n". Khi Nguyn Vng Tim La v c sai Nguyn c Xuyn n d
V Tnh v gip. n khi Nguyn Vng v ng Nc Xoy, V Tnh em b h i ui nh
Phm Vn Tham, ri n thng t nm mu thn (1788) mi em V Vn Lng, Nguyn Vn Hiu,
Mc Vn T, Trn Vn Tn n hnh ti bi kin Nguyn Vng. Nguyn Vng mng r, phong cho
lm Tin Phong Dinh Chng C v li g cho b Ngc Du Cng Cha l em gi. Bn V Vn Lng
u c phong lm cai c.
Sang nm k du (1789) Phm Vn Tham Ba Thc em binh xung thuyn nh ra b v Quy Nhn,
nhng Nguyn Vng sai L Vn Cu (cn gi Dun), Tn Tht Hi, V Tnh, Nguyn Vn Trng
hp binh li nh H Chu, qun Phm Vn Tham khng ph c vy, li phi lui v Ba Thc. Vn
Tham ch khng thy vin binh, liu th gi khng ni, bn em binh ra hng, c t lu b ti phi
git.
Nguyn Vng thu phc c t Gia nh ri, lp ra lut php, khNg cho dn gian nh c bc, li
nghim cm ph thy v ng bng gi phong tc cho khi s m hoc.
Trc ht vng lo chnh n nhng vic thu kha, vic canh nng, ly lng tin nui tng s
v tu b vic v b. Li t ra cc s cng ng cc quan vn v hi ngh mi vic quc qun, v
lo s tin binh nh Ty Sn.
162
Nguyn Vng li pht tru b v in kh cho qun dn, bt i khai khn nhng ni rng ni lm
rung gi l n in, ri n ma ly thc vo kho, gi l n in kh.
Nguyn Vng lp l: phm nhng thuyn ca khc m c ch nhng gang, st, km v lu hong,
th quan mua lm binh kh, v cho c theo s hng nhiu t, c ch thc go v nc. Bi vy
nhng khch bun bn cng vui lng em hng n bn. Vng li sai quan doanh Trn Bin c
theo gi ch m mua ly ng ct i cho nhng ngi Ty Dng m ly binh kh.
ng B a Lc a Hong T Cnh vo yt kin Php Hong Louis XVI. Php Hong ly vng l
tip i Hong T, v giao cho thng th
135
1. Vua nc Php thun gip cho Nguyn Vng 4 chic tu chin v mt o binh: 1.200 lc qun,
200 pho binh, 250 hc binh Phi Chu (Cafres) v cc th sng ng thuc n. 2. V vua nc
Php c lng gip nh th, Nguyn Vng phi nhng t cho nc Php ca Hi An (Faifo) v o
Cn Ln (Poulo-Condore). 3. Nguyn Vng phi cho ngi nc Php ra vo bun bn t do
trong nc, ngoi gi khng cho ngi nc no u Chu sang bun bn nc Nam na. 4. Khi
no nc Php c cn n lnh thy, lnh b, lng thc, tu b phng ng, th Nguyn Vng
phi ng bin cho gip nc Php. 5. Khi Nguyn Vng khi phc c nc ri, th phi c
mi nm lm mt chic tu, y nh tu ca nc Phm cho sang gip, em sang tr cho Php
Hong 136 .
T giao c k xong ri, Php Hong xung chiu giao cho quan tng trn thnh Pondichry t n
, tn l De Conway b tc, kinh l vic sang gip Nguyn Vng.
Ngy mng 8 thng chp ty, nm 1787, ng B a Lc vo bi t Php Hong Louis XVI, ri em
Hong T Cnh xung tu v nc Nam. Nhng n khi sang ti thnh Pondichry, v De Conway b
tc c chuyn bt ha vi ng B a Lc, cho nn b tc mi tm cch ngn tr vic gip Nguyn
Vng, ri lm s v tu Php Hong xin bi vic y i, ly c rng s em binh sang cu vin
Nguyn Vng l vic rt kh m khng c li g.
y cng v c De Conway b tc, cho nn vic sang cu vin Nguyn Vng khng thnh, bi vy
sau ng Faure chp truyn ng B a
136
T giao c ny hin cn Ngoi Giao B Paris, v bin r sch ng Gosselin. 163 Lc, c
tic rng: "V bng lc by gi chnh ph nc Phm m sn lng gip ng B a Lc, th c l ng
y lp nn cho nc Php thnh cuc bo h An Nam ngay t cui i thp bt th k, khin cho
v sau khi phi dng n s chin tranh mi xong cng vic".
T , th lc ca Nguyn Vng mi ngy mt mnh, tng t mi ngy mt ng, lng thc nhiu,
qun s gii, vic nh ph Ty Sn chc lm ri.
Nguyn Vng khi phc c t Gia nh ri, ngh ngi hn mt nm chnh n mi vic.
n thng t nm canh tun (1790) mi sai quan chng tin qun l L Vn Cu em 5.000 qun thy
v qun b ra nh ly Bnh Thun, sai V Tnh v Nguyn Vn Thnh em qun i lm tin phong.
Chng bao lu nh Nguyn ly c t Phan R v h c thnh Bnh Thun. Nhng v L Vn Cu
v V Tnh hai ngi khng chu nhau, Nguyn Vng bn lu L Vn Cu li gi Phan R, triu V
Tnh v Nguyn Vn Thnh v Gia nh. L Vn Cu em qun ra ng Phan Rang b qun Ty Sn
n vy nh, phi cho ngi i gi V Tnh v Nguyn Vn Thnh tr li cu, nhng V Tnh khng
chu tr li, ch c Nguyn Vn Thnh a binh n nh gii vy ri cng L Vn Cu v gi Phan
R.
L Vn Cu ly iu bi binh y lm thn, xng bnh khng ra coi vic binh na. n khi v Gia nh
ngh ti phi cch ht chc tc, L Vn Cu ung thuc c t t 137 .
Nm nhm t (1792) thng ba, nhn khi ma gi nam thi mnh, Nguyn Vng sai tng l Nguyn
Vn Trng cng vi Nguyn Vn Thnh, Dayot v Vannier (Nguyn Vn Chn) em chin thuyn t
ca Cn Gi ra t ph thy tri ca Ty Sn ca Th Ni (ca Quy Nhn) ri li v.
By gi vua Quang Trung mt ri, vua Cnh Thnh, tc l Nguyn Quang Ton, sai quan thi y l
Phm Cng Hng, quan h gi l Nguyn
137
L Vn Cu l mt ngi cng thn theo ph Nguyn ch trong lc gian nan, nay cng bt c k t.
164 Vn Hun, quan i t l l L Trung v quan i t m l Ng Vn S em 17.000 b binh v 80
con voi i ng b, v sai quan i thng lnh l ng Vn Chn em hn 30 chic thuyn i ng
b, c hai o cng tin vo cu Quy Nhn.
Nguyn Vng thy vin binh n, liu th chng khng ni, rt qun v Din Khnh (tc l Khnh
Ha by gi) ri v Gia nh. Nguyn Vn Thnh li gi Din Khnh, Nguyn Hunh c li
gi Bnh Thun.
n thng 11, Nguyn Vng li sai ng Cung Cnh v ng B a Lc, Phm Vn Nhn, Tng Phc
Kh ra gi thnh Din Khnh.
8. Th Lc Ty Sn.
Bn Phm Cng Hng gii c vy ri, ko qun vo thnh Quy Nhn, chim gi ly thnh tr v
tch bin c cc kho tng.
Vua Cnh Thnh Ph Xun thy Nguyn Nhc mt ri, phong cho Nguyn Bo lm Hin Cng, cho
n lc mt huyn, gi l tiu triu ri L Trung v Nguyn Vn Hun li gi thnh Quy Nhn.
ng Cung Cnh cho ngi v Gia nh cu vin, NguyN Vng bn em i binh n nh gii
vy. Trn Quang Diu rt qun v.
Nguyn Vng thy th Ty Sn cn mnh v li n ma gi bc, cho nn vng em ng Cung v
Gia nh; V Tnh li gi thnh Din Khnh.
Thng ging nm t mo (1795) Trn Quang Diu li em qun vo nh Din Khnh, V Tnh ht sc
chng gi, Quang Diu nh mi khng c. n thng hai, Nguyn Vng ng Cung li gi
Gia nh, em thy s ra cu Din Khnh.
Trong khi hai bn cn ang chng gi nhau t Din Khnh, th Ph Xun cc quan i thn nh
Ty Sn git hi ln nhau, gy thnh mi lon.
Nguyn t khi vua Quang Trung mt ri, vua Cnh Thnh ln ngi, nhng quyn v c Thi s Bi c
Tuyn, cc quan c nhiu ngi on gin. Nm t mo (1795) Bi c Tuyn sai Ng Vn S ra Bc
h thay cho V Vn Dng. Vn Dng v Ph Xun, i n trm Hong Giang 138
Lc by gi Trn Quang Diu ang vy thnh Din Khnh, nghe tin y, tht kinh, ni vi cc tng
rng: "Cha thng khng phi l ngi cng ci, cho i thn git ln nhau. Nu trong m khng
yn, th ngoi nh ngi ta th no c?"
Quang Diu bn gii vy rt qun v. Khi v n Quy Nhn, Nguyn Vn Hun n t ti trc. Trn
Quang Diu khng hi n, ri dn qun v n lng An cu ng bn b sng m nam.
Vua Cnh Thnh s hi sai quan ra khuyn gii c hai bn, Trn Quang Diu mi em cc tng vo
chu, ri vi bn V Vn Dng ging ha.
T Trn Quang Diu lm thiu ph, Nguyn Vn Hun lm thiu bo, V Vn Dng lm i t ,
Nguyn Vn Danh (hay l Nguyn Vn T) lm i t m, gi l t tr i thn. Nhng chng c
bao lu c ngi
138
C ni chp l trm Hn Xuyn 165 gim pha, Trn Quang Diu b thu ht c binh quyn, ch c
gi chc ti triu m thi. Th lc Ty Sn t y v sau mi ngy mt km: trn vua th cn nh di,
khng c uy quyn sai khin cc quan, di tng t th v lng ghen ght ri c tm cch m
git hi ln nhau. Bi vy cho nn n khi qun Nguyn Vng Nam ra nh, chng phi mt bao
nhiu cng phu m lp nn cng ln vy.
T khi qun ca Trn Quang Diu gii vy Din Khnh v Ph Xun ri, Nguyn Vng cng rt qun
v Gia nh sa son vic qun lng, v sai ngi i do thm mi ni chiu m ngi v nh
Ty Sn.
n nm inh t (1797) Nguyn Vng Tn Tht Hi li gi Gia nh, ri cng ng Cung Cnh
em binh thuyn ra nh Quy Nhn. Li sai Nguyn Vn Thnh v V Tnh ra nh Ph Yn.
Qun thy ca Nguyn Vng ra n Quy Nhn, thy Ty Sn phng b, liu nh khng c,
Nguyn Vng bn ra nh Qung Nam. c vi thng qun nhu khng , li phi em qun v Gia
nh, sai Nguyn Vn Thnh v ng Trn Thng li gi thnh Din Khnh.
10. Nguyn Vng nh Quy Nhn Ln Th Ba.
Nguyn Vng v Gia nh ri, mt mt sai Nguyn Vn Thy sang Tim La xin vi quc vng
nc y em qun i ng Vn Tng, hoc sang nh Thun Ha, hoc sang nh Ngh An,
chn ng qun Bc h vo. Mt mt sai quan binh b tham tri l Ng Nhn Tnh sang s nh
Thanh, do thm mi vic.
Nm mu ng (1798) Tiu triu l Nguyn Bo cm tc vua Cnh Thnh l Nguyn Quang Ton chim
gi mt t Quy Nhn, bn nh b v hng Nguyn Triu. Vua Cnh Thnh bit mu y, sai tng vo
bt Nguyn Bo a v dm xung sng git i.
Li c ngi ni gim rng vic Tiu Triu lm phn l ti quan trn th L Trung. Vua Cnh Thnh
triu L Trung v Ph Xun, sai v s bt chm i. c t lu quan thiu ph Nguyn Vn Hun cng
b git. T qun Ty Sn ai cng nn lng, c nhiu ngi b theo v Nguyn Vng.
By gi c ngi con r L Trung l L Cht vn l ngi nh trn gii c ting, quan lm n chc
i c; n khi thy vua Ty Sn hay nghi k m git hi cc cng thn nh vy, bn b trn sang
hng nh Nguyn. Nguyn Vng trng dng cho lm chc Tng Qun.
Quan trn th Quy Nhn l L Vn Thanh khng thy vin binh n, m lng thc trong thnh th
ht c, bn cng cc tng m ca ra hng. Nguyn Vng em qun vo thnh ri i tn Quy Nhn
gi l Bnh nh.
Vua Ty Sn c tin Quy Nhn tht th, lin c i binh vo ng Tr Khc (thuc Qung Ngha)
c cc tng tin binh nh qun nh Nguyn. Nhng v phi tri ma gi, thy chin khng
tin, cho nn cc quan u can xin rt qun v. Vua Cnh Thnh bn sai Nguyn Vn Gip li gi
Tr Khc, sai Trn Quang Diu v V Vn Dng gi Qung Nam.
Nguyn Vng cng em qun v Gia nh, V Tnh v Ng Tng Chu li gi thnh Bnh nh.
Nm y (1899) ng B a Lc i tng chinh, mt ca Th Ni. Nguyn Vng em v hu tng
Gia nh, tng phong lm Thi T Thi Ph Bi Nhu Qun Cng.
11. Qun Ty Sn Vy Thnh Bnh nh.
Khi qun nh Nguyn ra vy nh thnh Quy Nhn, vua Ty Sn sai Trn Quang Diu v V Vn Dng
em binh vo cu, nhng v qun cu Vn Dng khng nh 166 m tan, n ni bi binh. Vic y l
ti Vn Dng, nhng nh c Quang Diu giu i, cho nn khng ai bit. Vn Dng cm n y, cho nn
mi kt ngha sinh t vi Quang Diu.
By gi Ph Xun c nhiu ngi ght Quang Diu, nhn dp y m ti cho Quang Diu, bn tu
vua xin sai ngi a mt th ra cho V Vn Dng git Quang Diu. V Vn Dng tip c th y
a cho Trn Quang Diu xem. Trn Quang Diu s hi, lp tc em qun v Ph Xun, ng m
nam sng Hng Giang, ni rng v bt nhng ngi lon thn. Vua Ty Sn sai ngi ra ging ha.
Khng ai dm i, sau phi bt my ngi np cho Quang Diu. Quang Diu mi vo chu. Vua Cnh
Thnh cng tm li ging d, khuyn phi ht sc gip nh nc.
Quang Diu khc ly ri xin cng Vn Dng em thy b qun vo ly li thnh Quy Nhn.
n thng ging nm canh thn (1800), qun ca Trn Quang Diu v V Vn Dng tin n gn thnh
Quy Nhn. V Tnh gi vng, khng ra nh. Quang Diu sai p ly chung quanh thnh v chia qun
ra vy bn mt. Vn Dng th em hai chic tu ln v hn 100 chin thuyn ra ng gi ca Th Ni,
xy n v t sng i bc hai bn ca b, phng ng thy qun nh Nguyn.
Nguyn Vng c tin qun Ty Sn ra vy thnh Bnh nh, lin c i binh ra cu vin, sai
Nguyn Vn Thnh em L Cht, Nguyn nh c, Trng Tin Bo, chia ra lm ba o ra nh ly
n Hi An Ph Yn, ri ko ra nh Th D (thuc Bnh nh). Nguyn Vng em thy binh ra
n Quy Nhn ng thuyn ngoi ca Th Ni. By gi qun b ca Nguyn Vn Thnh v qun thy
ca Nguyn Vng khng thng c vi nhau, cho nn s cu vin khng c cng hiu g c.
n thng ging nm tn du (1801), Nguyn Vng sai Nguyn Vn Trng, Tng Phc Lng em
qun tin o n nh n thy ca Ty Sn, v sai L Vn Duyt, V Di Nguy em thy qun vo
nh ca Th Ni. V Di Nguy trng n cht, cn L Vn Duyt ra sc xng t, t c c tu v
thuyn ca Ty Sn.
Nguyn Vng nh c trn thy Th Ni ri, bn sai Nguyn Vn Trng em thy qun ra nh
Qung Nam, Qung Ngha, v li thy qun Ty Sn vy thnh Quy Nhn mt cch cn mt lm, nh
ph khng c. Vng cho ngi ln vo thnh bo V Tnh v Ng Tng Chu b thnh m ra.
Nhng V Tnh phc th li rng: qun tinh binh ca Ty Sn c Quy Nhn, vy xin ng lo vic
gii vy vi, hy nn kp ra nh ly Ph Xun th hn.
Nguyn Vng thy lng ngi khng theo Ty Sn na, bn em binh ra nh Ph Xun, n
thng nm (1801), thy s vo ca T Dung. Tng Ty Sn l ph m Nguyn Vn Tr em qun ra
lp n gi ni Quy Sn. Tin qun nh Nguyn nh khng c. Nguyn Vng sai L Vn Duyt
v L Cht em thy binh ra nh tp hu. Nguyn Vn Tr b n m chy. Qun Nguyn Vng vo
ca Nguyn Hi (ca Thun An) ri ko ln nh thnh Ph Xun. Vua Ty Sn phi ng gi em
qun ra chng gi, hai bn nh nhau n gia tra, th qun Ty Sn v tan. Qun Nguyn Vng
tin ln ui nh, thu phc c thnh. By gi l ngy mng 3 thng 5 nm tn du (1801).
Nguyn Vng vo thnh Ph Xun treo bin yn dn, ri sai L Cht em b binh ui nh qun
Ty Sn, sai Nguyn Vn Trng em thy binh ra chn Linh Giang, nh qun Ty Sn chy ra
Bc. Li sai Phm Vn Nhn ra gi ca Nguyn Hi, sai Lu Phc Tng em qun i 167 ng
Cam L sang Vn Tng truyn bo cc Mng gi ng yu l khng cho qun Ty Sn chy trn
sang.
Trn Quang Diu v V Vn Dng ang vy nh thnh Quy Nhn, c tin Ph Xun tht th, lin sai
tng em qun ra cu, nhng ra n Qung Nam, gp qun ca L Vn Duyt ko vo nh chn
ng, qun Ty Sn phi li tr li. T Trn Quang Diu ngy m ht sc c qun nh thnh.
Qun Nguyn Vng trong thnh ht c lng thc, khng th chng gi c na, quan trn th l
V Tnh bn vit th sai ngi a ra cho Trn Quang Diu ni rng: "Phn s ta lm ch tng, th
nh liu cht di c. Cn cc tng s khng c ti g, khng nn git hi".
Trn Quang Diu vo thnh Quy Nhn tha cho c bn tng s v sai lm l lim tng V Tnh v Ng
Tng Chu, ri sai i c Trng Phc Thng v t khu nh, em binh i ng thng o ra
nh Ph Xun. i c na ng th qun ht lng. Trng Phc Thng v hng nh Nguyn,
cn t khu nh th nh thua chy vo cht trong Mng. Trn Quang Diu li sai L Vn im
vo nh Ph Yn, cng khng c.
T khi tht th Ph Xun, vua Cnh Thnh ngy m kp ra Bc H, i nin hiu l Bo Hng v
truyn hch i cc trn ly vin binh ri sai em l Nguyn Quang Thy em binh m vo gi Ngh
An. n thng 11, vua Ty Sn em qun 4 trn x Bc v qun Thanh Ha, Ngh An, c thy c
non 3 vn ngi, sang sng Linh Giang. Li sai tng em hn 100 chic chin thuyn vo gi ca
Nht L. By gi c v Trn Quang Diu l Bi Th Xun cng em 5.000 th h i tng chinh.
Quan Chng Trung Qun Bnh Ty i Tng Qun Nguyn Vn Trng, cng vi Tng Phc
Lng, ng Trn Thng gi Linh Giang, thy qun Ty Sn th mnh phi lui v gi ng Hi.
Nguyn Vng c tin y, lin thn chinh em i binh ra tip ng, sai Phm Vn Nhn v ng
Trn Thng em qun ra gi mt b, sai Nguyn Vn Trng ra gi mt b.
Thng ging nm nhm tut (1802), vua Ty Sn sai Nguyn Quang Thy tin qun ln nh ly Trn
Ninh; nh mi khng . Vua Ty Sn toan rt qun v, nhng Bi Th Xun khng chu, xin cho
ra c qun nh trn. nh t sng sm n chiu ti, cha bn no c thua. Bng c tin rng thy
qun ca Ty Sn ca Nht L (ca ng Hi) b Nguyn Vn Trng ph tan c. Qun Ty Sn
khip s b chy, tng l Nguyn Vn Kin v hng nh Nguyn.
Trn Quang Diu v V Vn Dng Quy Nhn c tin qun Ty Sn thua Trn Ninh, liu chng
khng ni, bn n thng 3 nm nhm tut (1802) b thnh Quy Nhn, em binh tng i ng
thng o qua Ai Lao ra Ngh An, hi vi vua Ty Sn m lo s chng gi.
Nguyn Vng t khi khi binh Gia nh tuy xng vng, nhng vn theo cc cha i trc
khng t nin hiu. n nay khi phc c Ph Xun, thanh th lng ly, bc ph i qun ca Ty
Sn, nam ly li thnh Quy Nhn; t An Nam by gi t sng Linh Giang vo n Gia nh li thuc
v nh Nguyn nh trc. Cc quan thn thuc u xin Nguyn Vng t nin hiu v ln ngi tn.
Thng 5 nm nhm tut (1802) ngi lp n t co tri t, ri thit triu cc quan chu mng, v
t nin hiu l Gia Long nguyn nin.
Thng 6, th qun b sang sng Linh Giang tin ln ng H Trung, qun thy vo ca Hi Thng ri
ln nh ph cc n ly ca Ty Sn. Quan Trn Th Ngh An l Nguyn Vn Thn b thnh chy ra
gi n Tin L Din Chu.
By gi Trn Quang Diu i ng Ai Lao ra n chu Qu Hp, xung huyn Hng Sn thy qun
nh Nguyn ly c Ngh An ri, bn cng vi Bi Th Xun v huyn Thanh Chng, bao nhiu
qun s u b c, c my hm hai v chng cng b bt. Cn V Vn Dng chy ra n Nng Cng
cng b dn bt c em np.
Qun Nguyn Triu ko trn ra ly Thanh Ha, i n u qun Ty Sn cha nh tan, ch trong
mt thng ra n Thng Long.
Vua Ty Sn thy th mnh khng chng gi c na, bn cng vi cc em l Nguyn Quang Thy,
Nguyn Quang Thiu, v my ngi b ti l bn c T, v Nguyn Vn T sang sng Nh H
chy v pha Bc, nhng ln n a ht Phng Nhn, b dn y bt c. Nguyn Quang Thy t
t, c T v v cng t vn. Cn vua ti nh Ty Sn my ngi u b ng ci em v np
Thng Long.
Trong by nhiu nm phi nh nam dp bc lun, khng my lc ngh vic chin tranh, cho nn nh
Ty Sn khng sa sang c vic g. V sau khi vua Quang Trung mt ri, vua th hn, quan th
nhng, chnh tr b nt, lng ngi on gin, ai cng mong mi c thi thnh tr yn nghip m
lm n. Bi vy cho nn khi vua Th T Cao Hong nh Nguyn ct qun ra Bc, lng ngi theo
phc, ch mt thng tri m bnh c t Bc H, em giang sn v mt mi, nam bc mt nh, lm
cho nc ta thnh mt nc ln phng nam vy.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 1
Th T (1802-1819)
28. Binh ch
30. Cng v
1. Th T xng hiu.
Th t khi binh chng nhau vi Ty Sn t Gia nh t nm mu tut (1778), k va 24 nm, mi
dt c nh Ty Sn, thu phc c giang sn c ca cha Nguyn khi xa v hp c nam bc li
lm mt mi. Khi vic nh dp xong ri, ngi xng hiu, t quc hiu l Vit Nam, ng Kinh
Ph Xun, tc l thnh Hu by gi.
Khi vua Th T ly c t Bc H ri, ngi xung ch tha cho dn mt v thu, v thng thng cho
cc tng s. Ngi li phong tc cho con 170 chu nh L, nh Trnh, cp cho rung t v tr phong
dch cho dng di hai h y gi vic th phng t tin.
on ri, ngi i Bc H l Bc Thnh, t quan tng trn, triu Nguyn Vn Thnh Quy Nhn ra
sung chc y, coi mi vic. Li t ra tam to l to H, to Binh, to Hnh, sai Nguyn Vn
Khim, ng Trn Thng, v Phm Vn ng ra coi cc to y, gip Nguyn Vn Thnh.
Vua Th T nh ti, thng cng xong ri, lo sa sang mi vic; lm n Cn Chnh lp thng
triu, n Thi Ha lp i triu; li sai qun dn xy thnh Kinh v Hong Thnh cng cc
thnh tr ngoi cc doanh trn.
Tuy rng ngi t nin hiu, ln ngi t nm nhm tut (1802), nhng m n nm gip t (1804),
tc l Gia Long tam nin, vua nh Thanh mi sai s sang phong vng, v n nm bnh dn (1806),
ngi mi lm l xng hiu n Thi Ha. nh triu nghi, c ngy rm v ngy mng mt thit
i triu; ngy mng 5, mng 10, 20 v 25 th thit tiu triu.
Lc ngi nh xong Ty Sn, th chnh tr trong nc nt, phong tc hy hoi, vic g cng cn sa
sang li. Bi vy trong th ngi chnh n php lut, v mi vic cai tr cng l sa sang phong tc,
cm dn gian khng cho ly vic thn pht m by ra ru ch n ung, nghim d quan li khng
c sinh s nhiu dn. ngoi th ngi lo s giao hiu vi nc Tu, nc Tim, nc Chn Lp,
khin cho nc Vit Nam lc by gi trong ngoi u c yn tr.
trong cung, nh vua khng t ngi hong hu, ch c ngi hong phi v cc cung tn. Sau khi vua
mt, th t qun ln ngi, mi tn m ln lm Hong Thi Hu.
Quan li trong Triu i khi theo ch nh L, nhng b chc Tham Tng v Bi Tng tc l chc
t tng i xa. Mi vic u do Lc B ch trng ht c. Mi b c quan Thng Th lm u,
quan t hu tham tri, t hu th lang, cng cc thuc vin nh l lang trung, vin ngoi lang, ch s v
bt cu phm th li, v.v.....
B Li: coi vic thuyn b quan vn, ban thng phm cp, kho xt cng trng, phong tng tc m,
tho nhng t chiu sc co mnh v lm nhng s cc hng quan li v.v....
B H: coi vic inh in thu m, tin bc chuyn thng, kho tng cha cht, ha vt t r v.v...
B L: coi vic triu h, khnh h, t t, tn phong, cng l cch thc hc hnh thi c, tinh biu cho
ngi sng lu, ngi c tit ngha, phong thy cho cc thn nhn v.v.....
B Binh: coi vic thuyn b v chc, ging duyt qun lnh, sai khin qun i th hoc i nh dp,
kn chn binh inh, xt ngi c cng ngi c li v vic binh.
B Hnh: coi vic hnh danh php lut, tra ngh dng tu, duyt li nhng ti nng n ng, xt k nhng
t giam ngc cm.
B Cng: coi vic lm cung in, dinh th, xy thnh, o ho, tu to tu b, t lm kiu mu, thu
th thuyn, mua vt liu v.v....
Ngoi lc b li c St Vin gi vic can gin vua, v n hch cc quan. Cp s trung cc
khoa v gim st ng s cc o, u thng thuc v vin y. Trong vin c t hu ng s v t
hu ph ng s ng u.
Cn qung gia nc, th t Thanh Ha Trn (gm c Thanh Ha ni, Thanh Ha ngoi), Ngh An
trn, Qung Ngha trn, Bnh nh trn, Ph Yn trn, Bnh Ha trn (tc l Khnh ha) v Bnh
Thun trn. t kinh k thng bn doanh l: Trc L Qung c doanh (tc l Tha Thin by gi),
Qung Tr doanh, Qung bnh doanh, Qung Nam doanh.
Bc Thnh v Gia nh Thnh u t chc tng trn, v ph tng trn, coi mi vic. cc trn
th t quan lu trn hay l quan trn th, quan cai b v quan k lc coi vic cai tr trong trn.
Trn li chia ra ph, huyn, chu, t chc tri ph, tri huyn, tri chu coi vic cai tr.
Nhng trn Ngh An, Thanh Ha v 5 ni trn Bc Thnh, th dng nhng quan cu thn nh L
lm quan cai tr. Cn 6 ngoi trn Bc Thnh, th giao quyn cai tr cho nhng th ho s ti.
3. Binh Ch.
Khi vua Th T nh c Ty Sn ri, ngi ban thng cho cc tng s, tng phong v lm n th
nhng ngi t trn. Cn nhng qun lnh gi nua th cho v qu qun. t ra php gin binh: l nh
cc trn, t Qung Bnh vo n Bnh Thun th c ba tn inh kn ly mt tn lnh; t Bin Ha tr
vo th c 5 tn inh kn ly mt tn lnh; t H Tnh tr ra n 5 ni trn Bc Thnh th c 7 tn
inh kn ly mt tn lnh. Cn 6 ngoi trn l Tuyn Quang, Hng Ha, Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Thi
Nguyn, Qung Yn th c 10 tn inh kn ly mt tn lnh.
ch Kinh thnh th t ra thn binh, cm binh, tinh binh. Lnh thn binh mi v c 500 ngi v c
50 ngi tp qun nhc. cc trn th t ra lnh c, lnh m. Li t bin binh ban l, ngha l cc
binh lnh chia ra lm 3 phin, 2 phin v qun, cn mt phin ti ban lun lu thay i cho nhau.
Nhng binh kh th dng gm gio, m tu, v li c sng ln bng ng gi l sng i bc, sng
nh gi l sng thch c iu thng, ngha l bn th m bng my la. ch kinh thnh lp ra ba
s x trng qun lnh tp bn.
4. Vic Ti Chnh.
Thu inh th l nh: t Ngh An ra n ni ngoi Thanh Ha, mi sut ng nin phi chu:
Mn tin 1 tin
Cc m 2 bt
5 ni trn Bc Thnh v ph Phng Thin 139 , mi sut inh ng nin phi chu:
Mn tin 1 tin
Cc m 2 bt
Mn tin 1 tin
iu tin 3 tin
Cc m 1 bt
139
in b: Cc lng, hoc rung ma, hoc rung chim, hoc rung hai ma, hoc c t hng no, bao
nhiu mu, so, thc, tc, ta lc ti u, ng ty t ch phi chua cho r rng. Mi lng phi lm 3
quyn s, c 5 nm lm mt ln vo b ng du kim, ri mt bn lu li b, phng khi xt
n; cn hai bn giao v tnh, tnh mt bn lu chiu, cn mt bn gia tr dn x lu th.
Thu cc sn vt: Nm Gia Long th hai (1803), nh l cc qu h Ngh An, ng nin phi np
cc hng qu 120 cn. Thanh Ha phi np 70 cn, v u c min tr thu thn c. Nhng ngi
tm c cy qu, phi trnh quan cp cho vn bng mi c n. n xong ri mt na np
quan, mt na cho ngi tm c.
Cn nhng thu hng, thu sm, thu chiu, thu g, u c l ring, nh cho np bng tin hay l
bng sn vt.
c tin: Nm Gia Long th hai (1803), m s c tin Bc Thnh, c tin ng v tin km;
li c ra nn vng, nn bc, lng vng, lng bc, cho tin s giao thng bun bn trong nc.
Php cn: Nm Gia Long th 12 (1813), ch to ra cn thin bnh, cp cho cc doanh cc trn, cn
ng, st, ch, thic v cc sn vt. Cn vng v bc th dng cn trung bnh.
5. Cng V.
Sng ngi v iu: Nhng sng ngi v iu, u l s khn yu cho vic canh nng, bi vy
vua Th T truyn cho quan cc trn phi xoi o sng ngi v cc ca b, v nht l Bc thnh
phi gi gn iu cho cn thn: ch no khng c th p thm, ch no h hng th phi sa 173
li. cc trn li t ra kho cha thc go, phng khi mt ma i km th ly m pht cho dn.
6. Php Lut.
Nguyn khi trc vn theo lut nh L, nhng nay nh Nguyn nht thng c nam bc, vua Th T
bn truyn cho nh thn lp ra php lut r rng, cho tin s cai tr. Nm tn mi (1811) sai
Nguyn Vn Thnh lm tng ti, coi vic son ra sch lut; ly lut c ca i Hng c nh L, m
tham chc vi lut nh Thanh lm thnh mt b, c thy 22 quyn, c 398 iu.
n nm t hi (1815), th in sch lut y pht ra mi ni. B lut y tuy ni theo lut Hng c
nhng k thc l chp lut ca nh Thanh v ch thay i t nhiu m thi.
7. Vic Hc Hnh.
Ngi lp nh Vn Miu cc doanh cc trn, th c Khng t, t lng trng Nho hc. t Quc
T Gim Kinh , dy con cc quan v cc s t. M khoa thi Hng kn ly nhng ngi c
hc hnh ra l quan.
n nm gip t (1804) Thanh Triu sai quan n st s tnh Qung Ty l T B Sm sang tuyn
phong. on ri, vua sai L B Phm lm chnh s em cng sang t v t c chiu l ba nm
mt ln sang cng.
cng phm l:
Vng
200 lng
Bc
1000 lng
La v cp mi th 100 cy
Sng t gic
2 b
Ng voi v qu mi th 100 cn
b anh em hip ch, phi chia quyn ra lm ba, cho Nc ng Vinh lm vua u, mnh lm vua th
hai, em l Nc ng Thm lm vua th ba. c t lu Nc ng Vinh git c Nc ng Tn v Nc ng
Thm gi ly quyn lm vua mt mnh.
140
ng Nguyn Du ngi lng Tin in, huyn Nghi Xun, tnh H Tnh 141
Xem chng VI 174 bo h. Nhng n khi t Gia nh tht th quyn bo h nc Chn Lp
thuc v nc Tim La.
Nm bnh thn (1796), Nc ng n mt, truyn ni li cho con l Nc ng Chn. Vua Tim La sai s
sang phong, nh th l vua Chn Lp phi thn phc vua Tim La.
n nm inh mo (1807) Nc ng Chn li b Tim La m xin v thn phc vua Vit Nam ta, theo l
cng tin, c ba nm mt ln.
cng vt l:
Sng t gic
2 chic
Ng voi
2 ci
Ht sa nhn
50 cn
u khu 50 cn
Hong lp 50 cn
Cnh kin 50 cn
Sn en 20 l
Nc ng Chn c ba ngi em tn l Nc ng Nguyn, Nc ng Lem, Nc ng n, mun tranh
quyn ca anh, mi sang cu cu nc Tim La. Tim La bt Nc ng Chn phi chia t cho cc em.
Nc ng Chn khng chu, qun Tim La bn sang nh thnh La Bch. Nc ng Chn chy sang Tn
Chu, ri dng biu cu cu. Quan tng trn Gia nh thnh by gi l Nguyn Vn Nhn mi em
vic y tu v Triu nh.
Nm tn mi (1811), vua Th T cho s a th sang trch nc Tim La sinh s. Nm sau, vua Tim
La sai s sang phc th li rng: vic y l mun ging ha cho anh em Nc ng Chn, ch khng c
g c. Vy xin Vit Nam x tr th no, Tim La 142
Qua nm qu du (1813) vua Th T sai quan tng trn Gia nh Thnh l L Vn Duyt em hn
10.000 qun, hi ng vi s nc Tim La, a Nc ng Chn v nc.
142
L Vn Duyt dng s xin xy thnh Nam Vang (Phnompenh) v thnh La-lm. Khi nhng thnh y xy
xong, th vua Th T sai Nguyn Vn Thy em 1.000 qun li bo h nc Chn Lp. T quyn
bo h Chn Lp li v nc ta.
i vi nc Php th vua Th T c bit nhn hn, l v khi ngi cn gian trun, ngi c nh ng B
a Lc c em my ngi sang gip ngy. n khi xong vic nh dp ri, cn c Chaigneau, Vannier
v Despiau lm quan ti triu, m vua Th T cng c lng trng i, cho mi ngi 50 lnh hu, v
n bui chu th khng bt ly.
V trong khi vua Th T lm vua nc Vit Nam, th N Ph Lun nht (Napoleon I) lm vua bn
nc Php, ang cn phi nh nhau vi cc nc, cho nn tu Php cng khng hay i li pha
Vin ng ny. n khi N Ph Lun tht th, dng di nh vua c li trung hng ln, by gi s chin
tranh yn, th mi c tu sang bun bn phng ng. Nm inh su (1817), c chic tu "La
Paix" ca hiu Balguerie, Sarget et Cie ch hng sang bn, nhng m nhng hng y, ngi Vit
Nam ta khng dng c, li phi ch v. Vua Th T tha khng nh thu. Qua thng su nm y,
chic tu binh tn l Cyble ca nc Php vo c Nng. Quan thuyn trng l De Kergarion b
tc ni rng Php Hong Louis XVIII sai sang xin thi hnh nhng iu c do B a Lc k nm
1787 v vic nhng ca Nng v o Cn Ln. Vua Th T sai quan ra tr li rng nhng iu
c y nc Php trc khng thi hnh th nay b, khng ni n na.
Nhng ngi cng thn nh Nguyn Vn Thnh v ng Trn Thng u b git hi trong khi vua
Th T cn ang tr v.
Nguyn Vn Thnh, nguyn l ngi Tha Thin, nhng vo Gia nh hai ba i. Theo vua
Th T t khi ngi mi khi binh nh Ty Sn, chu ht mi ng kh s. Sau ra nh Ty Sn
Quy Nhn, lp c cng ln, ng u hng cng thn.
Khi vua Th T ra ly bc h, triu ng ra lm tng trn, giao cho xp t mi vic, ch c my nm
m t Bc H c yn tr. Sau v Kinh lm chc trung qun.
Nguyn Vn Thnh c ngi con tn l Nguyn Vn Thuyn thi u c nhn, thng hay lm th
giao du vi nhng k vn s. By gi nghe ngi Thanh Ha l Nguyn Vn Khu v Nguyn c
Nhun c ting hay ch, Vn Thuyn lm bi th sai tn Nguyn Trng Hiu cm i mi vo chi.
Bi th rng:
V tm cu bo Kinh sn phc
Th hi nhc c sn trung t
Dch nm l:
i chu nghe ni lm ngi hay
Ao c cu hin by nay
Sn t phen ny d gp g
Tng bi th ny chng qua l li l ca ngi thiu nin ni ngng m thi, khng ng tn Hiu a
cho Nguyn Hu Nghi xem, Hu Nghi xui tn Hiu i co vi L Vn Duyt. L Vn Duyt vn ght
Nguyn Vn Thnh, nay thy bi th ny, nm ly em vo tu vua, vua sai bt Nguyn Vn Thuyn
em b ngc. By gi triu thn c nhiu ngi b ti ng Thnh. Mt hm bi triu ri, ng Thnh
chy theo nm ly o vua m ku khc rng: "Thn theo B H t tha nh n by gi, nay khng c
ti g m b ngi ta cu x, B H n lng no ngi nhn ngi ta git thn m khng cu?". Vua
Th T git o ra i vo cung, ri t cm khng co ng Thnh vo chu na, v sai L Vn Duyt
em con Nguyn Vn Thnh ra tra hi, bt phi nhn ti. Nguyn Vn Thnh s ti, ung thuc c m
cht, cn Nguyn Thuyn th phi chm.
Vua Th t l ng vua c ti tr, rt khn ngoan, trong 25 nm tri, chng nhau vi Ty Sn, tri bao
nhiu ln hon nn, th m khng bao gi ng lng, c mt nim lo s khi phc. Ngi li c ci c
tnh rt tt ca nhng k lp nghip ln, l ci c tnh bit chn ngi m dng, khin cho nhng k
ho kit ai cng nc lng m theo gip. Bi vy cho nn khng nhng l ngi khi phc c nghip
c, m li thng nht c sn h, v sa sang c mi vic, lm cho nc ta lc by gi thnh mt
nc cng i, t xa n nay, cha bao gi tng thy.
Cng nghip ca ngi th to tht, ti tr ca ngi th cao tht, nhng ch him c mt iu l khi cng
vic xong ri, ngi khng bo ton cho nhng cng thn, m li ly nhng chuyn nh nht em git
hi nhng ngi c cng vi ngi, khin cho hu th ai xem n nhng chuyn y, cng nh n vua
Hn Cao, v li th di m thng tic cho nhng ngi ham m hai ch cng danh v i p ch
ngy xa.
1. c vua Thnh T
3. Ni cc
4. C mt vin
5. Tn nhn ph
6. Quan ch
11. Sch v
13. Nh dng t
1. c Vua Thnh T.
Thng ging nm canh thn (1820), Hong Thi T hy l m ln ngi, t nin hiu l Minh Mnh.
Vua Thnh T l mt ng vua c t cht minh mn, c tnh hiu hc v li hay lm; phm c vic g,
ngi cng xem xt n, v c chu ph ri mi c thi hnh.
Ngi tinh thm Nho hc, sng o Khng Mnh, cho nn khng a o mi, cho l mt t o ly tri
thnh ra m lm m hoc lng dn. Bi vy, ngi mi nghim cm v trng tr nhng ngi theo o
Gia T.
177
Phi bit rng nc ta t xa n nay, iu g cng theo Nho Gio, ly tam cng ng thng lm cn
bn cho s n . Vua ti, cha con, v chng, y l ci kha lun l c x hi mnh. Ai tho ci kha y
ra th cho l khng phi loi ngi na. Vy con phi theo cha, ti phi theo vua, ai tri vi ci o
y ra phi ti nng, ng chm git.
Mt ng vua nghim khc nh Thnh T m cm khng c, th tt l phi git. Trong khi cm v git
nh vy, l vn tng mnh lm bn phn lm vua ca mnh, ch c bit u l mnh lm s thit hi
cho dn cho nc.
V, bao gi cng vy, h ngi ta sng tn mt tng gio no, th tt cho ci tng gio ca mnh l
hay hn, v cho ngi theo tng gio khc l th nghch vi mnh, ri h c quyn th l lm th no
cng dng cch y m h hip ngi khc o vi mnh. Cng v l y, cho nn ngy trc Vua
Phillippe II nc I Pha Nho, vua Louis XIV nc Php Lan Ty git hi bao nhiu ngi trong nc.
M chc rng lc by gi cc ng y cng tng l mnh lm iu phi, ch c bit u l mnh lm
iu tri l.
Vn bit rng s git o l s khng lnh, nhng phi hiu ci tr no ngi Vit Nam ta lc by gi,
khng r ci tng ch o Thin Cha ra th no, cho nn du khng phi l vua Thnh T na, th ng
vua khc cng khng chc trnh khi ci li git o y.
Nh lm s li cho vua Thnh T git Nguyn Vn Thnh, song xt trong cc truyn nh sch Thc
Lc Chnh Bin v sch i Nam Chnh Bin Lit Truyn th ch thy chp rng Nguyn Vn Thnh b
ti phi ung thuc c m t t nm Gia Long th 15 m thi. Cn nh v n L Vn Duyt v L
Cht th c hp hi tht, nhng khi cc ng y mt ri, v li v c tn Khi khi lon cho nn mi
truy ti hai ng y m lm n, ch lc hai ng y cn sng, th vua Thnh T, tuy c bng nghi ng,
nhng vn khng bc i.
Vic ngi git ch du l b v Hong T Cnh v cc chu, th khng thy sch no chp c, ch thy
mt i ngi truyn ngn nh th m thi. Vy vic y thc h th no khng r.
Cn vic khng bit giao thip vi cc nc ngoi dng, th khng phi l ci li ring mt mnh
ngi. Lc by gi ngi mnh ai cng ch bit c nc Tu l vn minh hn, cn th cho l man di c.
Phng s c ai l ngi bit m ni thin h cn c nhiu nc vn minh hn na cng khng ai tin.
Bi th, h thy ngi ngoi quc vo nc mnh, th khng nhng l s c s phn trc v s em
o mi vo nc m thi, li cn s ly phi ci phong tc d man na, cho nn khng mun giao
thng vi ngoi quc lm g. Nh th th c nn ring trch mt mnh ai khng ?
Vua Thnh T 30 tui mi ln ngi vua, cho nn vic triu chnh ngi am hiu lm. Vic g ngi
cng mun bit. C khi xong bui chu ri, ngi i mt vi quan i thn ln bn mi vic kinh l v
hi nhng s tch i xa, nhng nhn vt v phong tc cc nc xa l. Ngi chm xem xt mi
vic, c khi m thp n xem chng, s, n trng hai, trng ba mi thi. Thng thng ngi ni
vi cc quan rng: Lng ngi ai cng mun yn, m khng mun sinh s ra thay i lun, nhng
lc tr mnh m khng sa sang mi vic, th ri n lc gi yu, mi mt cn lm g c. Bi vy
cho nn trm khng dm li bing lc no 143 .
3. Ni Cc.
143
Minh Mnh Chnh Yu, quyn Cn Chnh. 178 chng, tu, sc, mnh, v.v.... i khi cng t h
phng b th ca vua vy.
Nm canh thn (1820) l nm Minh Mnh nguyn nin, vua Thnh T ci lm Vn Th Phng; n nm
Minh Mnh th mi (1829), i lm Ni Cc, ly quan tam t phm cc b, vin, vo qun lnh
mi vic.
4. C Mt Vin.
Nm gip ng (1834) l nm Minh Mnh th 15, nhn v vic qun quc c yu l vic rt quan trng,
vua Thnh T mi theo nh Khu Mt Vin nh Tng v Qun C x nh Thanh m chm chc t ra
C Mt Vin, cho c trch nhim ring. Cc quan i thn sung chc trong vin y th dng 4 vin,
vn v t tam phm tr ln, phng ch kn dng. Thuc vin th c vin ngoi lang, ch s, t v, bin
tu, u kn trong cc b vin ra sung b. Cc quan i thn C Mt Vin c c ch cho em kim
bi phn bit vi cc quan khc. Kim bi khi u c t y.
5. Tn Nhn Ph.
Nm bnh thn (1836) l nm Minh Mnh th 17, vua Thnh T t ra Tn Nhn Ph v t quan chc
coi mi vic trong h nh vua.
Nh vua th tin t c 7 miu: nhng miu pha t gi l chiu, nhng miu pha hu gi l mc. Con
chu cc dng chiu hay l mc phi phn bit chi no ra chi y.
t tn nhn lnh mt ngi, t hu tn chnh hai ngi, t hu tn nhn hai ngi, coi vic hong
tc v vic phn bit t hng chiu hng mc, ghi chp hng lt ngi thn ngi s, vic nui nng
v cp tc lc cho mi ngi trong hong tc; li t ra hu tn khanh hai ngi, t hu t l hai
ngi, coi th trt mi ngi tn tht v vic cp dng cho k c u, gip nhng vic tang hn
v.v....
6. Quan Ch.
Vua Thnh T li t cc phm cp quan ch, t nht phm n cu phm, mi phm chia ra lm
chnh v tng hai bc.
Nguyn trc nc Nam ta chia ra lm tng trn, c quan Trn Th, hay l quan Lu Trn coi vic
trong trn. T i Gia Long tr i, Bc Thnh v Gia nh Thnh t quan Tng Trn v quan Hip
Trn, coi vic qun v vic dn trong c ton x.
n nm tn mo (1831) l nm Minh Mnh th 12, vua Thnh T mi theo li nh Thanh, i trn
lm tnh v t chc tng c, tun ph, b chnh s, n st s v lnh binh.
Tng c th coi vic qun, vic dn, kho hch quan li, sa sang b ci trong ht; tun ph th coi
vic chnh tr, gio dc v gi gn phong tc; b chnh s th coi vic thu m, inh in, lnh trng v
triu nh c n trch hay l cm lnh iu g, th phi tuyn cho mi ni bit; n st s th coi vic
hnh lut v kim c vic trm dch bu chnh; lnh binh th chuyn coi binh lnh.
T tun ph tr xung u phi theo lnh quan tng c. Thng th tnh no ln, c lm vic quan
trng mi t tng c qun tr c hai ba tnh. Cn nhng tnh nh th ch t tun ph l quan u
tnh 144 .
Nm k hi (1839) l nm Minh Mnh th 20, vua Thnh T nh lng bng ng nin v tin xun
phc ca cc quan vin.
Chnh nht phm:tin 400 quan, go 300 phng, tin xun phc 70 quan. Tng nht phm: tin 300
quan, go 250 phng, tin xun phc 60 quan. Chnh nh phm:tin 250 quan, go 200 phng, tin
xun phc 50 quan. Tng nh phm: tin 180 quan, go 150 phng, tin xun phc 30 quan. Chnh
tam phm:tin 150 quan, go 120 phng, tin xun phc 20 quan. Tng tam phm: tin 120 quan, go
90 phng, tin xun phc 16 quan. Chnh t phm:tin 80 quan, go 60 phng, tin xun phc 14
quan. Tng t phm: tin 60 quan, go 50 phng, tin xun phc 10 quan. Chnh ng phm:tin 40
quan, go 43 phng, tin xun phc 9 quan. Tng ng phm: tin 35 quan, go 30 phng, tin xun
phc 8 quan. Chnh lc phm:tin 30 quan, go 25 phng, tin xun phc 7 quan. Tng lc phm: tin
300 quan, go 22 phng, tin xun phc 6 quan. Chnh tht phm:tin 25 quan, go 20 phng, tin
xun phc 5 quan. Tng tht phm: tin 22 quan, go 20 phng, tin xun phc 5 quan. Chnh bt
phm:tin 20 quan, go 18 phng, tin xun phc 5 quan. Tng bt phm: tin 20 quan, go 18
phng, tin xun phc 4 quan. Chnh cu phm:tin 18 quan, go 16 phng, tin xun phc 4 quan.
Tng cu phm: tin 18 quan, go 16 phng, tin xun phc 4 quan.
Li dch binh tng: mi thng tin mt quan, go mt phng. Hu b: mi thng tin 2 quan, go 2
phng.
T nht phm n tam phm, mi nm hai k trnh giy lnh bng; t t phm n tht phm, mi nm
4 ln, n thng cui ma xun, h, thu, ng, trnh giy lnh bng; t bt cu phm tr xung, th c
mi thng n lnh mt k.
Tin lng bng ca cc quan vin lc by gi m so snh vi by gi, th tht l t i qu. Nhng m
chc l s n tiu tha trc r rng khng ht bao nhiu. Nh vua li s nhng ph huyn thiu thn
m nhng lm ca dn, cho nn mi nm li pht thm tin dng lim.
144
Tri ph: ti yu khuyt cho 50 quan, yu khuyt 40 quan, khuyt 30 quan, gin khuyt 25 quan.
ng tri ph: ti yu khuyt cho 50 quan, yu khuyt 40 quan, khuyt 30 quan, gin khuyt 25 quan.
Tri huyn, tri chu: ti yu khuyt cho 40 quan, yu khuyt 30 quan, trung khuyt 25 quan, gin khuyt
20 quan.
Nguyn trc c 6 nm mt khoa thi, nay i li lm 3 nm mt khoa, c nm t, ng, mo, du, thi
Hng; nm thn, tut, su, mi, thi Hi, thi nh.
Php thi th vn theo nh i Gia Long, ngha l k nht: kinh ngha; k nh: t lc; k tam:
thi ph; k t: vn sch. Trc ai tam trng, gi l sinh i, ai t trng gi l hng cng,
nay i sinh l t ti, hng cng l c nhn.
Vua Thnh T l ng vua thng minh, ngi vn bit s hc ca nc ta sai lm, nhng s phu trong
nc ch hc theo li c nghip, ngha l ct hc ly thi , ch khng my ngi c thc hc.
Thng ngi ni chuyn vi cc quan rng: "Lu nay khoa c lm cho ngi ta sai lm. Trm ngh vn
chng vn khng c qui c nht nh, m nay nhng vn c nghip ch cu n ci h so, khoe khoang
ln vi nhau, bit lp mi nh mt li, nhn phm cao hay thp do t , khoa trng ly hay b cng
do t . Hc nh th th trch no m nhn ti chng mi ngy mt km i. Song tp tc quen ri,
kh i ngay c, v sau nn dn dn i li". Vua Thnh T tht l bit r ci tt ca nhng ngi
i hc trong nc ta, nhng ch v thi quen lu ngy kh b. V li du c mun i, th d thng
cng khng bit i ra th no cho hay hn c, cho nn s hc ca mnh vn nguyn nh c.
11. Sch V.
Vua Thnh T mi ln ngi, lo vic lm sch v; ngi t Quc S Qun gp nht nhng chuyn
lm quc s. Ngi li lu v vic tng l cho nhng ngi lm ra sch v. Bi vy, ngi xung
chiu: h ai tm c sch c, hay lm ra sch mi, th c ban thng. T ng Trnh Hoi c
dng sch: Gia nh Thnh Thng Ch v sch Minh Bt Di Hon Vn Tho; ng Hong Cng Ti
dng mt bn Bn Triu Ngc Ph, 2 bn K S; ng Cung Vn Hi, ngi Qung c dng 7 quyn
Khai Quc Cng Nghip Din Ch; ng Nguyn nh Chnh ngi Thanh Ha dng 34 quyn Minh
Lng Khi Co Lc; ng V Vn Tiu, ngi Qung Ngha, dng mt quyn C S Bin Lc.
Vua Thnh T li sai quan son xong b Lit Thnh Thc Lc Tin Bin, b Khm nh Tiu Binh
Lng K Ph Khu Phng Lc, cn sch ca ngi son ra c hai b l Ng Ch Tiu Bnh Nam K
Tc Khu Thi Tp v Ng Ch Thi Tp.
12. Vic Sa Sang Phong Tc.
My nm v cui i vua Thnh T trong nc lm gic gi, phong tc thnh ra kiu bc, dn s lm
ngi c bc ru ch v hay m hoc nhng t gio. Nh vua ly s y lm lo, bn son ra 10 iu
hun d, ban ra mi ni, dy bo ngu dn. 1. Nhn Lun: trng tam cng ng thng. 2. Chnh
Tm Thut: lm vic g cng ct phi gi bng d cho chnh nh trong sch. 3. V Bn Nghip: gi
bn phn chm ngh nghip ca mnh. 4. Thng Tit Kim: chung ng tit kim. 5. Hu Phong
Tc: gi phong tc cho thun hu. 6. Hun T : phi dy bo con em. 7. Sng Chnh Hc: chung
hc o chnh. 8. Gii Dm Thc: rn gi nhng iu gian t dm dc. 9. Thn Php Th: cn thn m
gi php lut. 10. Qung Thin Hnh: rng s lm lnh.
Nm bnh thn (1836) l nm Minh Mnh th 17, c quan gim st ng s l Bi Mu Tin dng s
tu rng: "Cc lng ngoi Bc Thnh nhiu k ho cng tri php, m dn th bing nhc ch c bc
ru ch; vic t l qu thn th hay dng cch xa x, vic tng t th chung ng xa hoa, 181 thm
ch c k bn sch ca nh c nghip n n ming, thc l tri vi ngha tng bo tng ln".
Vua Thnh T bn xung chiu trch c cc quan a phng phi em nhng iu hun d ban ra
trc m khuyn bo dn s, v phi chuyn sc cho tng l: h thy ai bing nhc rong chi c bc
ru ch, th phi cm ch i. Nhng k ho cng trong lng m th hng hch iu toa kin tng,
chng cng vi quan trn, dm da k bnh dn, th phi theo php m trng tr. Cn nhng l th
thn v l tang t th L B nh ra php tc, h ai khng tun theo th phi ti.
13. Nh Dng T.
Khng nhng l vua Thnh T ch lo vic dy dn m thi, ngi li thng n nhng k ngho kh,
vy nn ngi truyn cho cc quan cc trn ngoi Bc Thnh c quyn ly tin kho m lp mt s
dng t: h nhng k quan qu, c c, v k tn tt khng c ni nng nh, phi n , th mi
ngy cp cho mi tn 20 ng tin v na bt quan ng go.
Thu inh v thu in th i khi cng theo nh i vua Th T nh. Ch c nm bnh thn
(1836) l nm Minh Mnh th 17, t Nam k c in xong, tnh ra c hn 630.075 mu v nh
li cc th thu in th min y. Cn nh s dn inh v in th trong nc, th c theo s b tng
cng li c 970.516 sut inh v 4.063.892 mu rung v t.
Nh vua li t l nh thu mui. C mi rung mui ng nin phi np bng mui t 6 phng cho
n 10 phng.
Cn cc th thu m, thu sn vt, v.v... th i khi cng theo l i vua Th T nh, ch khng
thay i my i.
15. Vic V B.
Khi vua Thnh T ln ni nghip lm vua, th trong nc c yn tr, nhng ngi vn bit vic tr
nc cn phi c v b, cho nn thng thng ngi vn c d truyn bo cc quan phi luyn tp binh
m phng khi hu s.
Nhng binh kh ca mi v, th c hai khu sng thn cng, 200 khu iu thng v 21 ngn c.
Tng qun chia ra thnh i, mi i l 40 con voi. S voi Kinh thnh 150 con, Bc thnh 110
con, Gia nh thnh 75 con, Qung Nam 35 con, Bnh nh 30 con, Ngh An 21 con, Qung
Bnh, Qung Ngha, Thanh Ha mi ni 15 con, Qung Tr, Ph Yn, Bnh Thun, Ninh Bnh mi ni
7 con.
Thy qun c 15 v, chia ra lm 3 doanh, mi doanh c quan chng v qun lnh, v c quan
thng coi c 3 doanh.
Vua Thnh T vn bit rng nc dc b b, thy binh l vic rt yu trng cho s phng b.
Thng ngi bt quan em binh thuyn ra luyn tp.
i khi vic binh c, ngi khng b tr cht no. Ngi lp ton gio dng binh, cho con cc
quan v, t sut i tr ln ai mun tnh nguyn vo hc, th cho lng bng, v c quan i thn ra
dy v ngh.
182
Tuy nh vua mun lu v vic binh lnh, nhng ngi mnh lc by gi ai cng trng vn khinh v,
bnh nht khng c ai lo g n vic qun lnh kh gii. H c lm s th mi ri ln. Du rng nh vua
nay c ch d ra tp binh, mai c ch d ra tp trn mc lng, cc quan ch lm cho xong vic, ri li
b mc bn qun i lm th no th lm. Thnh ra qun s trong s sch th nhiu, m th lc th
vn khng : y l i vua Thnh T m cn th, hung chi n nhng i sau, li cn suy nhc hn
na.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 3
Thnh T (1820-1840) (tip)
1. S gic gi
2. Gic Bc k
3. Phan B Vnh
4. L Duy Lng
5. Nng Vn Vn
6. Gic Nam K
7. n L Vn Duyt v L Cht
8. Gic Tim La
9. Vic Ai Lao
12. S cm o
1. S Gic Gi.
Vua Thnh T tht l ht lng lo vic chnh tr, iu g ngi cng xem xt n, vic g ngi cng sa
sang li, c mun cho nc thnh dn giu, nhng phi my nm v sau, trong nc c lm gic gi,
quan qun phi chinh nam pht bc, phi nh Tim, dp Lo, thnh ra dn s khng c yn nghip
m lm
Mt l khi nh Nguyn tht th Nam, qun h Trnh thua Bc, nh Nguyn Ty Sn cn phi lo
vic trong nc, lc by gi nc Tim La nhn ly dp y m gi quyn bo h nc Chn Lp v
hip th cc nc t Lo. n khi vua Th T nht thng nam bc, thanh th lng ly, nc Chn
Lp li xin v thn phc nc Nam, v cc nc Ai Lao, Vn Tng, u sang triu cng nh Nguyn.
T nc Tim La i vi nc Nam, b ngoi tuy khng ra mt cu ch, nhng b trong ch tm
cch m sinh s cp li ci quyn bo h Chn Lp v cc nc Lo. Bi vy cho nn 183
v pha ty v pha nam bao gi cng c gic Tim v gic Lo quy nhiu mi.
Hai l Bc K tuy l thng thuc v nh Nguyn ri, nhng cn c ngi mong nh nh L, thnh
thong li c ni ni ln, hoc mun khi phc cho nh L, hoc chng c vi quan nh Nguyn,
bi th cho nn t Bc c phi lon lc lun.
Ba l quan li c hay nhng nhiu, lm cho lng ngi khng c tha thun, v trong m quan
trng thng hay c thi bi mc nhau tng cng tng cn. Nh vua li c tnh hp hi, khng bao
dong cho nhng k cng thn, hay tm chuyn lm ut c mi ngi, m vi thn dn th nghim khc
qu, cho nn mi thnh ra nhiu s ri lon.
Bi nhng l y, cho nn ngoi th c gic Tim nh ph, trong th c ngy Khi dy lon pha
nam. L Duy Lng v Nng vn Vn dy binh pha bc. Lc by gi cng nh c ti hin tng
gii nh Trng Minh Ging, T Quang C, L Vn c, Nguyn Cng Tr v.v.... u ra cng nh
dp, cho nn khng nhng l gic trong nc dp yn, m li thm c b ci rng ri hn c nhng
i trc.
2. Gic Bc K.
3. Phan B Vnh.
Nh vua thy th gic to lm, bn sai quan Tham bin Thanh Ha l Nguyn Cng Tr, quan Tham
bin Ngh An l Nguyn c Nhun em binh thuyn Thanh, Ngh ra cng vi quan Hip trn Bc
thnh l Nguyn Hu Thn i nh gic.
4. L Duy Lng.
Khi dp xong gic Vnh th trong x yn c mt , nhng cn c dng di nh L mun khi phc
nghip c, bi vy n thng ba nm qu t (1833) l nm Minh Mnh th 14, Ninh Bnh c L Duy
Lng, l con chu nh L ni ln, xng l i L Hong Tn, cng vi bn th ti l Quch Tt Cng,
Quch tt T, inh Th c, inh Cng Trnh, em binh i nh ph cc ph huyn v chim gi
c 3 chu huyn l Lc Th, Phng Ha v Yn Ha. L Duy Lng li sai qun n vy nh
thnh Hng Ha nguy cp lm.
Vua Thnh T sai quan tng c Ngh Tnh l T Quang C em qun ra Ninh Bnh cng vi Tng
c Thanh ha l Nguyn Vn Trng i nh L Duy Lng.
5. Nng Vn Vn.
Bc cn ang dp lon L Duy Lng cha xong, th Nam L Vn Khi lm phn, chim gi
thnh Gia nh. Nguyn tn Khi l ngi Bc, c h hng b con mn Tuyn Quang, Cao Bng, bi
vy nh vua sai quan tm bt anh em ca tn Khi em v Kinh lm ti. By gi Tuyn Quang c
ngi anh v tn Khi l Nng Vn Vn b quan bt b, bn ni ln nh ph trong ht Tuyn Quang,
Thi Nguyn, Cao Bng v Lng Sn. Gic Nng khi t thng 7 nm qu t (1833) cho n thng 3
nm t mi (1835) dai dng trong non hai nm tri, lm cho quan qun tht l vt v.
Nng Vn Vn lm Tri chu chu Bo Lc. Nhn thy quan qun tm bt h hng L Vn Khi, bn ni
ln t xng l Tit Ch Thng Tng 184 Qun, v bt vin tnh phi thch ch vo mt rng: "Quan
tnh hay n tin ca dn", ri ui v.
Nng Vn Vn chia qun ra nh ph cc tnh, quan s ti chng khng ni, phi xin qun cu vin.
Vua Thnh T c tin y, bn sai Sn Hng Tuyn Tng c l L Vn c lm Tam Tuyn Tng
c Qun V, v sai Hi An th tng c l Nguyn Cng Tr lm tham tn, em qun hi vi Ninh
Thi Tng c l Nguyn nh Ph i tiu tr gic Nng.
Qun gic vy nh Cao Bng v Lng Sn ngt qu, nh vua li sai An Tnh tng c l T Quang
C lm tng thng i thn, ln nh mn Cao Bng v Lng Sn.
6. Gic Nam K.
Nguyn my nm trc, L Vn Duyt lm tng trn Gia nh thnh, c uy quyn lm, m lng ngi
ai cng knh phc. Ch v ng y l quan v, tnh kh nng ny, lm khi ch triu ng tu i khng
c hp th, vua Thnh T ly lm khng bng lng, nhng ng y l bc khai quc cng thn, cho
nn ngi cng lm ng i. n khi ng y mt, th vua Thnh T bi chc Tng Trn thnh Gia nh
v t chc tng c, tun ph, b chnh, n st, lnh binh, nh cc tnh ngoi Bc.
Tnh Phin An (tc l tnh Gia nh) c Nguyn Vn Qu lm tng c, Bch Xun Nguyn lm b
chnh, Nguyn Chng t lm n st. Nhng Bch Xun Nguyn vn l ngi tham lam tn c; khi
n lm b chnh Phin an, ni rng phc mt ch truy xt vic ring ca L Vn Duyt, ri i hi
chng c, tr ti bn ti t ca ng Duyt ngy trc.
Trong bn y c L Vn Khi. Nguyn trc tn y gi l Nguyn Hu Khi, ngi Cao Bng, nhn
c khi binh lm lon, b quan qun ui nh, mi chy vo Thanh Ha, gp L Vn Duyt lm kinh
lc y, n xin ra th. ng Duyt tin dng cho lm con nui, i tn h l L Vn Khi, ri em v
Gia nh ct nhc cho lm n chc Ph V y.
n m ngy 18 thng nm, nm qu t (1833) l nm Minh Mnh th 14, Khi cng vi 27 ngi
lnh hi lng vo dinh quan B, git c nh Bch Xun Nguyn, ri ra gp quan tng c l Nguyn
Vn Qu em ngi n cu, chng cng git nt. Cn quan n v quan Lnh th chy thot c.
By gi nhng qun kinh ng Phin An phn nhiu theo v L Vn Khi. L Vn Khi bn t xng
lm i Nguyn Sy, phong cho ng mnh l bn Thi Cng Triu v L c Lc qun trung qun,
Nguyn Vn 185 v Nguyn Vn Tng qun tin qun, V Vnh Tin v V Vnh Ti qun hu
qun, V Vnh Lc v Nguyn Vn Bt qun hu qun, Lu Tn v Trn Vn Tha qun thy qun,
Nguyn Vn Tm v Nguyn Vn Chn qun tng qun, v.v.... Li t cc quan chc nh mt triu
nh ring vy. on ri L Vn Khi sai bn Thi Cng Triu em qun i ly cc tnh thnh, ch
trong mt thng m 6 tnh Gia nh thuc v gic c.
Triu nh c tin y, lin sai Tng Phc Lng lm Tho Nghch t tng qun v Nguyn Xun
lm tham tn, sai Phan Vn Thy lm Tho nghch hu tng qun, Trng Minh Ging lm tham tn,
cng vi Bnh Khu tng qun l Trn Vn Nng em thy b binh tng vo nh L Vn Khi.
Khi quan qun vo n Gia nh khng bit ti c g, m trung qun ca ngy l Thi Cng Triu xin
v i ti lp cng. Nguyn Thi Cng Triu l ngi Tha Thin, trc lm quan v y, coi v
bin binh ng Gia nh, sau theo tn Khi lm phn. Nay li tr v vi triu nh, em qun i
nh L Vn Khi ly li cc tnh.
L Vn Khi bit th khng chng ni, vo thnh Phin An ng ca li, ri chia qun ra chng gi,
v li sai ngi i sang Tim La cu cu. Qun Tim nhn dp y, chia lm my o sang nh nc
Nam. Vic y s ni mc sau.
145
Quan qun bnh xong gic L Vn Khi ri vua Thnh T sai ph thnh Phin An i, xy li ch khc
v ngi xung chiu nh truy ti L Vn Duyt v ti L Cht.
C bnh tnh m xt, th chng qua l vua Thnh T vn c khng a hai ng y, ri nh thn li
nhn m bi vic ra chiu ngi, cho nn thnh ra hai ci n tht l khng ng.
Nay c theo trong sch "i Nam Chnh Bin Lit Truyn" m chp ra, mi ngi u c ly l
cng bng m phn on.
T khi tn Khi khi lon, vua Thnh T thng ban trch L Vn Duyt che ch qun ph ng,
gy nn hon lon.
lm tm phc. Bn y vn l qun hung c, khng phi l ngi lng thin, cho nn Duyt mt cha
bao lu m bn nghch Khi, nghch Nh, em qun Hi Lng, Bc thun cng vi bn th h gi
thnh lm phn; li lm phin hoc nhn tm, v ly n cc tnh Nam K, m kh nhc n i i
quan qun phi tin tiu. Nm tnh nay du thu phc ri, song thnh Phin An tc ng vn cn thit
c, quan qun tin tiu, lm ngi thng vong, ci v y ni sao cho xit. Nay Duyt mt ri, s
trng du khng c th tng cu c, nhng c xem con nui l L Vn Hn trc y vo ra trong
thnh, nhp ng vi
146
Vi hm sau, ni cc l H Quyn, Nguyn Tri Phng, Hong Qunh tu rng: Duyt che ch cho
qun ph lon, gy nn s bin, ci tai v tch li lu. Nay xt nhng giy m ca y ngy trc, r
ra hnh tch bi nghch, c 6 iu: 1) Nm Minh Mnh th 4, y t tin sai ngi ring l bn Phan t
gi danh i thm, i thuyn sang nc Din in. Trong th y chc c giao thng. C ly ngha "lm
ti khng c php c giao thng vi nc ngoi", th tm s ca y r, y l mt ti. 2) n khi
s thn nc Din in n thnh, mi tu vo Triu nh. c ch d ni vic quan h n i
ngha, khng nn khinh thng, nghe li ngoi m b tnh ha hiu, gy vic cu th. Vy m y c xin
dung np. May m triu nh tr cng vt cho s Din in v nc, th danh ngha nc ln ta
mi t gii ra thin h. Th l y chng nhng mu vic nc khng ra g, m li c gi ly ring
che iu li, y l hai ti. 3) Nm Minh Mnh th 7, tu bt phong nc Anh Ct Li u vo ca
Bnh Thun, c ch sai s ti h tng, m y c xin a vo Gia nh, v ni rng: "Quan trn kim
thc, khng bng thn c quyn, khin cho k kia s tng lnh v bit binh oai". Hai ch "c quyn"
t xa vn ly lm rn, m y dm ngt ngng t nhn, kiu t dng no, y l ba ti. 4) Nm Minh
Mnh th 4, th v l Trn Vn Tnh nhn vic cng sai Gia nh v, c tu vic Trn Nht Vnh lm
ring ph ngi, 187 mua trm cc mn. Y nghe chuyn lm vy, nm sau vo chu, c xin bt Trn Vn
Tnh giao cho y y chm, nu khng giao th y xin tr chc Tng Trn; ri y xin t chc thc. C
tru qun nh vy, ti g cn to bng ti y. V y xin git mt Trn Vn Tnh, th l bt ngi ta phi
kha li, khng ai dm ni na, rt l dng tm nham him, y l bn ti. 5) Trn Nht Vnh c
ch b th k lc Vnh Thanh, m y c xin lu li trong thnh. L i Cng c ch tuyn triu, m y
c xin lu li lm vic ph Lc Ha, u l c vi chiu. Trong tp tu ca y li ni rng: "Chun cho
thn cu xin vic y, th hu c ch cho vic ngoi bin cng"; li trong tp tu xin chi bng cho
bn th li, c, i, cc v, c cu rng: "Lo thn xa ngoi bin khn, ch e triu nh tin dng
khng c vng bn". Trong li l y u l khng knh, y l 5 ti. 6) Nm Minh Mnh th 6, y tu
xin tng th cho L Cht, c ni rng: "y l v thnh dc khi t hi sinh, tic g m khng lm". Y
l chc bin khn dm kt ng t tnh nh th, rt tri vi o lm ti, y l 6 ti. V li nghe y bnh
nht thng khoe chuyn vi ngi ta rng: y xin c qu th c 4 cu th:
T Hn tranh tin ch Hn tng Ph Chu ninh hu thp Chu thn Tha nin ti ng Trn kiu s Nht
n hong bo bc th thn
Gi y khng phi l ngi sn c bng bt trung, th khng khi no dm khoe bi y vi ngi ta. Bi
vy bn tiu h tp quen thnh thi, cho nn thy y cha lnh m c vic ny. Vy xin giao c li
tu ny cho nh thn kt n chnh ti. Vua ng cho.
n khi ngh n xong, trch ra cc li ni, vic lm, bi nghch, c 7 ti nn trm: 1. Sai ngi i
ring sang Din in, m kt ngoi giao. 2. Xin giao tu Anh Ct Li n thnh, t c quyn. 3.
Xin git th v l Trn Vn Tnh, kha ming ngi ta. 4. Khng s xin lu quan vin b i ch
khc. 5. Lp ng m xin tng th cho L Cht. 6. Giu cha giy ng bo. 7. M cha, tim gi l lng,
i vi ngi ta, t xng l C.
S bin Phin An, y thc l u v nn chiu theo lut mu phn, khp vo ti lng tri; song y chu
minh tru, vy xin truy ot co sc, b quan quch git thy, t gng rn cho ngi khc. Cn nh
tng t, t ph ca y c phong tng co sc, th xin truy ot c; tin phn c tim dng tri php
no th tc hy i; con, chu, v c, v l, u phn bit ngh ti; ti sn th tch bin ht.
n y ln. Nhng ti nguyn ngh trm quyt i lm giam hu, con chu t 15 tui tr xung, tm
hy nghim cm; tr th u cha bit g th tha khng bt; ba h phi pht n cng u tha; nguyn ngh
lc th cng thi.
Li sai Hnh b sao bn vn n pht cho tng c, tun ph cc tnh, cho c kin ring m tu v. H
ph Lng Bnh l Trn Huy Phc xin iu php ti trm quyt. H ph Qung Yn l L Dc c xin
ngi no t 16 tui tr ln u chm, cn th u y nh nh ngh. Tng c Bnh Ph l V Xun
Cn, Tng c Ninh Thi l Hong Vn Trm cng u xin y nh ngh. Li ni km mt cu rng:
hoc nn ly cng b ti chm chc t nhiu th t Thin n.
D rng: "Xem vy th bit l Tri khng sai, m cng o lng ngi khng ai giu c. K
quyn gian kia gy v, thin h ai cng cm tc lun, mun ming cng li, t ci n st nghn xa.
Ti L Vn Duyt nh tng ci tc m k cng khng ht, ni ra au lng, d c b quan quch m git
thy, cng l ng ti. Song ngh hn cht lu, v truy ot quan tc, xng kh trong m,
khng b gia hnh. Vy cho tng c Gia nh n ch m hn, san lm t phng v khc dng bia
trn vit to nhng ch "Ch ny l ni quyn ym L Vn Duyt phc php", chnh ti danh cho
k cht, m t php nc v i sau, lm gng cho k quyn gian mun i.
Vy xin giao cho nh ngh, chnh ti danh lm gng cho k gian trm i.
nh thn ngh rng: Cht, bt php bt trung, i gian i c, c 6 ti nn lng tr, 8 ti nn trm, 2 ti
nn gio. Nhng ti phm phn, m mu iu bt qu, th khp vo ti bn nghch m x lng tr. Song
y chu ti minh tru, vy xin truy ot co sc, b o quan, lc thy, khiu th th gii. Cn co
sc phong cho cha m y, cng xin truy ot; v l L Th Sai tng ng mu bn vi chng, ngh trm
lp quyt. Li pht cho cc tng c, tun ph, mi ni mt o vn n, cho em ring by t tu
v, cho cng lng chng. Cc a phng tu v, u xin y nh ngh.
Ngi d rng: "Nh vy r l tri ti lng ngi, cng lun khng bao gi mt. K gian thn cha
v, mun ming cng mt li, lm n st thin c. V L Cht cng vi L Vn Duyt, da nhau
lm gian, ti c y cha, nh tng ci tc m tnh cng khng ht, gi th b o quan git thy, cng
khng l qu. Song li ngh Cht ti cng nh Duyt, trc kia Duyt khng b o quan git thy,
th nm xng kh ca Cht nay cng chng mng bt ti. Vy cho tng c Bnh Ph V Xun Cn
san phng m ca hn, khc bia dng ln trn to my ch: "Ch ny l ni L Cht phc php"
lm gng cho k gian tc mun i. Cn v hn l L Th Sai cng mt nh, d bit mu bn
nghch, x vo cc hnh, cng l phi, song k n b chng cn vi vng chnh php. Vy L Th Sai
cng con l L Cn, L Trng, L Thng, L K, u ci lm trm giam hu. Li tch bin gia sn,
c hn 12.000 quan tin, giao tnh cha c vo kho 147 .
147
Thng chn nm y, bn L c Lc, Nguyn Cng Tin em binh Ngh An chia lm hai o i
ng Quy Hp v ng Lc Phm qua Trn Ninh sang cu A N. i n u v nhng sng ni
hnh th him tr ri gi v Kinh.
Vua Thnh T thy A N hay sinh s nh nhau m khng c vic g, bn khng cho qun sang cu,
ch xung lnh truyn cho cc ht Lo phi phng gi nhng ch bin thy. A N khng c qun cu
vin, b qun Tim n nh, li phi b thnh m chy sang Trn Ninh. c t lu, Chiu Ni l th
lnh Trn Ninh bt A N em np cho Tim La.
n cui nm qu t (1833) nhn c ngy Khi khi lon t Gia nh v tn Khi li cho ngi
sang cu cu vua Tim La bn sai qun thy b chia ra lm 5 o sang nh Vit Nam.
Tuy rng qun nghch nm o cng tin, nhng ch ch ca Tim La l ct nh Chn Lp v Nam
K, cn cc o khc l phn qun lc ca nc Nam m thi.
Vua Thnh T c tin bo cp, lin xung chiu sai quan qun phng ng cc ni. Pha ty nam th
sai qun th Gia nh, chia qun cho Trng Minh Ging v Nguyn Xun i tin tiu mt An
Giang. Pha ty bc th sai L Vn Thy gi mt Cam L, thuc Qung Tr, Phm Vn in gi mt
Ngh An. Li sai Nguyn Vn Xun 148
Trng Minh Ging v Nguyn Xun i ph qun Tim La sng C cng. Qun Tim La Chn
Lp cng b ngi bn x nh ph. Ch no qun nghch cng thua to cht hi rt nhiu; ch trong mt
thng m quan qun ly li H Tin v Chu c, ui qun Tim ra khi b ci, ri tin ln nh ly
thnh Nam Vang v a vua Chn Lp l Nc ng Chn v nc.
148
Nguyn Xun th lm tham tn i thn theo Trng Minh Ging, Nguyn Vn Xun th lm hu qun
lnh An tnh tng c i nh mt Trn Ninh. 190
Trng Minh Ging v Nguyn Xun t Nam Vang tin ln nh qun Tim, lin ph my trn, chm
tng bt binh ly c sng ng kh gii khng bit ngn no m k. Tng Tim La l Phi Nh Cht
Tri em bi binh chy v nc, quan qun ui nh ly thnh Ph Tc (Pursat) ri cho ngi Chn
Lp li gi cc ni: ch no him yu th lm n p ly, phng ng qun gic.
Nhng o qun Tim v qun Lo sang nh mt Qung Tr, Ngh An v Trn Ninh, u b tng
qun l Nguyn Vn Xun, Phm Vn in v L Vn Thy nh ui, ch no quan qun cng c
ton thng, gi c b ci nguyn nh ch c c.
Qun Tim sang nh t thng ging nm gip ng (1834), n thng nm nm y, th quan qun
bnh xong c mi ni. Vua Thnh T mng r, ban thng cho cc tng s v b co ra cho mi ni
u bit.
9. Vic Ai Lao.
Nc Nam ta v i vua Thnh T th to rng hn c, l v qun Tim La c hay sang quy nhiu cho
nn cc x Lo u xin v ni thuc nc ta.
Nm inh hi (1827), ngi Nam chng (Luan Prabang) thng vi Tim La, ri c em qun xung
quy nhiu t Trn Ninh. T trng l Chiu Ni xin em t Trn Ninh v ni thuc Vit Nam. Vua
Thnh T phong cho Chiu Ni lm Trn Ninh phng ng s cai qun c 7 huyn, li phong cho nhng
th mc lm th tri huyn v th huyn tha. Chiu Ni dng s dn inh v in th, c thy c
3.000 sut inh v 28 s rung.
Li c t Tam ng v Lc Phn ( trc thucv Vn Tng) cng xin ni thuc. Triu nh chia
nhng t y ra lm hai ph l Trn Tnh ph v Lc bin ph. Nm y li c x Xa h (?), Sm T
(Sam teu), Mng son (?), Mang Lan (Mng Lam), Trnh C (Xing-kh), Sm na (Sam- neua),
Mng Duy (?) v Ngc Ma c Cm ct (Kham-keut), Cam Mn v Cam Linh (?) u xin v ni
thuc. Vua Thnh T chia nhng t y ra lm ba ph l Trn Bin, Trn nh v Trn Man.
c 3 huyn l Cam ct, Cam mn, v Cam linh. Hai ph y u thuc v Ngh An. Cn ph Trn Nam
c 3 huyn l Trnh C, Sm na, Man Duy th thuc v Thanh Ha.
149
gn a ht H tnh by gi.
min Cam L thuc Qung Tr li c nhng mng Mang vang (?), N bi (?), Thng k (?), T
bang (?), Xng thnh (?), Tm bn (?), Ba lan (?), Mang bng (?), Lang thi (?), xin v ni thuc,
chia ra lm 9 chu, cho chiu l triu cng.
i khi l t Sm na, t Trn Ninh, t Cam mn v t Savannakhet by gi, tha y thuc v
Vit Nam ta c.
nc Chn Lp th t khi quan qun ph c gic Tim ri, Tng qun l Trng minh Ging v
tham tn l L i Cng lp n An Nam gn Nam vang bo h Chn Lp.
Cui nm gip ng (1834), vua nc Chn Lp l Nc ng Chn mt, khng c con trai, quyn cai tr
trong nc v c my ngi phin liu l bn Tr Long v La Kin. Nhng ngi ny u l ngi
Chn Lp m li nhn quan chc Vit Nam. n nm t mi (1835), Trng Minh Ging xin lp ngi
con gi ca Nc ng Chn tn l Angmey ln lm qun cha, gi l Ngc Vn cng cha, ri i nc
Chn Lp ra lm Trn ty thnh, chia ra lm 32 ph v 2 huyn. t mt tng qun, mt tham tn i
thn, mt c, mt hip tn, v 4 chnh ph lnh binh, coi mi vic qun dn. cc ch yu hi,
li t chc tuyn ph, an ph phng ng.
Nhng v quan li Vit Nam ta sang lm nhiu iu tri l, nhng nhiu dn s, li bt Ngc Vn cng
cha em v Gia nh, bt bn Tr Long v L Kin y ra Bc K, dn Chn Lp ai cng on
gin, ch no cng c gic gi ni ln nh ph. Li c em Nc ng Chn l Nc ng n khi ngha,
c ngi Tim La gip , thnh ra quan qun nh mi khng c. V sau khi vua Thnh T mt
ri, quan qun phi b thnh Trn Ty m rt v An Giang.
y cng l v ngi mnh khng bit bnh vc k hn yu, ch em lng tham tn m c hip ngi ta,
cho nn thnh ra hao tn binh lng, nhc mt tng s, m li phi s bi hoi, tht l thit hi cho
nc mnh.
M cng v s cm o, cho nn s bun bn ca nhng ngi ngoi dng nc ta, thnh ra ngn
tr. Bi v Triu nh thy thnh thong c chic tu bun li, th c mt vi ngi gio s vo ging
o, ngn cm th no cng khng c, tng l c do thm g chng, cho nn li cng nghi ng
lm.
V li v i nh Nguyn lc by gi, trong nc cng khng c ngi ngoi quc ra vo bun bn,
ch c ngi Php Lan Ty trc theo gip vua Th T, ri li lm quan ti triu l Chaigneau
v Vannier. Khi vua Th T hy cn, th Chaigneau c xin v nc Php ngh ba nm, n nm inh
mi (1821), ng y tr sang th li nhn chc lnh s v chc khm sai ca vua Louis XVIII, em
phm vt v t quc th sang iu nh vic thng thng vi nc Nam. Chaigneau sang n ni, th
vua Th T mt ri, vua Thnh T tip i Chaigneau cng t t, v ngy sai quan tr li cho Php
Hong rng nc Nam v nc Php khng vic g m phi lm iu c v vic thng mi. Vic
vo bun bn nc Nam, th c theo lut nc Nam, khng iu g ngn tr c.
Chaigneau thy nh vua cng ngy cng nht nho vi mnh, v cng khng lm c cng vic g c
ch, bn cng vi Vannier xin t chc, ri n cui nm gip thn (1824), hai ngi xung tu i qua
Gia nh v Php.
Qua nm sau (1826) chnh ph Php li sai chu ng Chaigneau sang lm lnh s thay cho ch, nhng
sang n ni, Triu nh nc ta khng nhn, n nm k su (1829) li phi tr v.
12. S Cm o.
T khi vua Thnh T ln ngi, ngi c khng cho ngi ngoi quc vo ging o trong nc.
n nm t du (1825), khi chic tu Thtis vo ca Nng, c mt ngi gio s tn l Rogerot
li i ging o cc ni, vua Thnh T nhn dp y mi c d cm o, v truyn cho cc quan phi
khm xt cc tu b ca ngoi quc ra vo ca b. Trong d ni rng: "o phng Ty l t o, lm
m hoc lng ngi v hy hoi phong tc, cho nn phi nghim cm khin ngi ta phi theo chnh
o".
Ngi li sai tm bao nhiu nhng gio s trong nc em c v Hu dch nhng sch Ty ra ch
Vit Nam, ch l khng phi v vic dch sch, nhng l cho khi i ging o chn hng
thn.
Lc by gi khng phi l mt mnh vua Thnh T ght o m thi, phn nhiu nhng quan li cng
u mt c, cho nn s cm o li cng nghit thm. Nhng m du cm th no mc lng, trong
nc vn c ngi i ging o, nh vua ly iu lm tri php, li c d ra ln na truyn cho
dn bn gio phi b o, v ai bt c gio s em np th c thng. Nm y Hu c mt
ngi gio s phi x gio, v cc ni cng ri lon v s bt o v git o.
192
150
1. c vua Hin T
2. Vic Chn Lp
3. Vic Tim La
1. c Vua Hin T.
Thng ging nm tn su (1841) Hong Thi T hy l Min Tng ln ngi in Thi Ha t nin
hiu l Thiu Tr.
Tnh vua Hin T thun ha, khng hay by ra nhiu vic v cng khng c qu cm nh Thnh T.
Trong i Ngi lm vua, hc hiu, ch , thu m, iu g cng theo nh triu vua Thnh T c. By
ti lc by gi c Trng ng Qu, L Vn c, Don Un, V Vn Gii, Nguyn Tri Phng, Lm
Duy Tip trong ngoi ra sc gip rp. Nhng m t Nam K c gic gi, dn Chn Lp ni lon,
qun Tim La sang nh ph, nh vua phi dng binh nh dp mi mi xong.
Khi qun ca Nguyn Tin Lm v Nguyn Cng Tr dp xong gic Lm Sm Nam K, th qun
Tim La li em binh thuyn sang cng vi qun gic nh ph. Vua bn sai L Vn c lm tng
thng em binh tng i tiu tr. Sai Nguyn Tri Phng v Nguyn Cng Nhn gi mt Vnh T,
Phm Vn in v Nguyn Vn Nhn gi mt Hu Giang. Ba mt cng tin binh ln nh, qun Tim
v qun gic thua to, phi rt v gi Trn Ty. Quan qun ui c qun Tim La ra ngoi b ci
ri, t qun gi cc ni him yu i ngy tin tiu.
Nguyn l Nc ng n 151
em qun Tim La v cu vin nh ly li nc. Nhng khi n Vit Nam rt v ri, qun Tim
La tn bo, ngi Chn Lp li khng phc, c ngi sang cu cu Nam K, vua bn sai V Vn
Gii sang kinh l vic Chn Lp.
on ri, Nguyn Tri Phng v Don Un em binh ui nh qun Tim La v qun Chn Lp, vy
Nc ng n v tng Tim La l Cht Tri -ng (Oudon).
Thng chn nm y, Cht Tri sai ngi sang xin ha. Qua thng mi th Nguyn Tri Phng, Don
Un v Cht Tri k t ha c nh hi qun, hai nc u gii binh. Nguyn Tri Phng rt qun v
ng Trn Ty, i qun Tim thi hnh nhng iu c nh.
Thng chp nm bnh ng (1846), Nc ng n dng biu t ti v sai s em phm vt sang triu
cng.
151
Nm inh mi (1847) quan nc Php c tin rng Hu khng cn gio s phi giam na, mi sai
i t De Lapierre v trung t Rigault de Genouilly em hai chic chin thuyn vo Nng, xin b
nhng ch d cm o v cho ngi trong nc c t do theo o mi.
Vua Hin T thy s trng nh th, tc gin v cng, li c d ra cm ngi ngoi quc vo ging
o, v tr ti nhng ngi trong nc i theo o.
Vic tu nc Php vo bn nng xong c my ngy thng, th vua Hin T phi bnh mt.
By gi l thng chn nm inh mi (1847), nm Thiu Tr th by. Ngi lm vua c by nm, th
37 tui, miu hiu l Hin t Chng Hong .
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 5
Dc Tng (1847-1883)
Nin hiu: T c
1. c vua Dc Tng
2. nh thn
4. Vic cm o
5. Vic thu m
6. Vic vn hc
7. Vic binh ch
1. c vua Dc Tng.
Vua Hin T mt, truyn ngi li cho hong t th hai hy l Hng Nhm. By gi hong t mi c 19
tui, nhng hc hnh thng thi. n thng 10 nm inh mi (1847), th ngi ln ngi hong
in Thi Ha, t nin hiu l T c, ly nm sau l nm Mu Thn lm T c nguyn nin.
Tnh ngi tht l hin lnh. Nhng ngi c hu gn ngi ni chuyn rng: mt hm ngi ng triu
ti in Vn Minh, ngi cm ci hoa 195 mai 152
sp ht thuc, tn thi gim ng qut hu, v qut mnh qu, la hoa mai bay vo tay ngi. Tn thi
gim s xanh mt li, m ngi ch xoa tay, ch khng ni g c.
Ngi th c T D rt c hiu. L thng c ngy chn th chu cung, ngy l th ng triu: trong mt
thng chu cung 15 ln, ng triu 15 ln, tr khi i vng v khi se yu 153 . Trong 36 nm, thng vn
nh th, khng sai cht no.
Khi ngi chu cung th ngi tu chuyn ny chuyn kia, vic nh vic nc, vic xa vic nay. c T
D thuc s sch nhiu m bit vic i cng rng. Khi c T D ban cu chi hay, th ngi bin
ngay vo mt quyn giy gi l T Hun Lc.
Ngi ly t lui v, ni m ngi ph thng cho cc quan qun i hu ng. Quan th mi ngi
c mt ng tin bc, ln nh ty theo phm, cn lnh th mi tn c mt quan tin km. n
sng ngi ng ra in Long An ly k. Xem cch ngi th m nh th, th t xa n nay t c.
Tnh ngi sing nng, sng chng nm gi, ngi ng tnh, ngha l thc dy, chng su gi, ngi
ra triu. Cho nn cc quan Kinh bui y cng phi dy sm m i chu. Thng thy cc quan
thp n n cho vo triu cho sm.
152
Khi cc quan theo th t ng yn ri, quan b Li hay l quan h Binh tu xin cho my ng quan mi
c thng thuyn bi mng. Cc quan bi mng th phi chc ngoi, i b Li hay l b Binh tu
xong mi c vo. Quan vn thuc b Li, quan v th thuc b binh. Bi mng th phi mc o i
tro.
L nc ta xa nay cc quan khng c vo ch ngi ng ta lm gip vic cho vua, cho nn vic
ln vic nh, ngi phi xem c.
155
Khi ngi ng in Thi Ha hay l in Cn Chnh, hay l i hnh l in Phng Tin, th quan vn li
ng bn t, quan v bn hu, duy in Vn Minh th quan v bn t, quan vn bn hu, khng bit
ti lm sao? 196
Nay xem cc nguyn bn trong Cc, th thy c nhiu t phin ngi ph di hn ca cc quan tu. Ch
tt m vn li hay, ai cng kinh ci ti ca ngi.
Ngi vn l ngi hiu hc. m no ngi cng xem sch n khuya. C ba tp Ng Ch Thi Vn ca
ngi in thnh bn. Ngi li lm sch ch nm dy dn cho d hiu, nh l sch Thp iu, T
Hc Din Ca, Lun Ng Din Ca, v.v..."
Xem ci chn tng ca vua Dc Tng nh th, th ngi khng phi l ngi to bo vm v 156 , m
cng khng phi l ng vua tn c bo ngc nh ngi ta thng ni. Ch v ngi lm vua v mt thi
i kh khn, trong nc lm vic, m nhng ngi ph t th tuy c ngi thanh lim nh ng Trng
ng Qu, ng V Trng Bnh, trung lit nh ng Phan Thanh Gin, ng Nguyn Tri Phng, ng
Hong Diu, v.v.... nhng m cc ng y u l ngi c, khng am hiu thi th mi. V li cc th
lc lc by gi km hn qu, du c mun ci cch duy tn, cng khng kp na, cho nn mi vic u
hng c.
2. nh Thn.
nh thn l cc quan trong Triu gip vua lo vic nc. Nhng lc by gi tnh th nguy
ngp lm, v t u thp cu th k tr i, s sinh hot v hc thut ca thin h tin b nhiu m
s cnh tranh ca cc nc cng kch lit hn trc. Th m nhng ngi gi ci trch nhim chnh tr
nc mnh, ch chm vic vn chng, kho ngh nghin bt, bn n quc s th phi Nghiu, Thun
li H, Thng, Chu, vic my nghn nm trc c em lm gng cho thi hin ti, ri c nghu
nghn t xng mnh hn ngi, cho thin h l d man. y, cc nh thn lc by gi phn nhiu l
nhng ngi nh th c. Tuy c mt vi ngi i ra ngoi, trng thy cnh tng thin h, v ni
li, th cc c nh cho l ni by, lm hy hoi mt k cng! Thnh ra ngi khng bit th c mt
nim t c, ngi bit th phi lm cm lm ic, khng th ra vi ai c, phi ngi khoanh tay m
chu.
156
197
Xem li y th khng phi l vua khng mun thay i. Ch v vua trong cung in, vic i khng
bit r, phi ly cc quan lm tai lm mt, m cc quan th li s ngi bit th t, s ngi khng bit
th nhiu. Nhng ngi c quyn tc th lm ngi trng khng r, nghe khng thy, ch mt nim gi
thi c cho tin vic mnh. Li c lm ngi t ngh rng mnh quyn c ngi cao, th tt l ti gii
hn ngi, ch khng hiu rng ci ti gii khng cn phi nhiu tui, s khn ngoan khng phi lm
quan to hay l quan nh. Ci phm gi con ngi ta ct t tng, hc thc, ch khng phi tin
ca hay l quyn tc.
hay rng vua c trch nhim vua, quan c trch nhim quan, du th no vua Dc Tng cng khng
trnh khi ci li vi nc nh, nhng m xt cho xc ly, th ci li ca nh thn lc by gi cng
khng nh vy.
Vic chnh tr i Dc Tng l nht thit khng cho ngi ngoi quc vo bun bn. Nh nm canh
tut (1850) l nm T c th 3, c tu M Li Lin vo ca Nng, em th sang xin thng
thng, nh vua khng tip th.
V sau t Gia nh mt ri, vic ngoi giao mt ngy mt kh, nh vua mi t Bnh Chun Ti
coi vic bun bn, v Thng Bc Vin coi vic giao thip vi ngi ngoi dng. Tuy vy nhng
cng khng thy ai l ngi hiu vic bun bn v bit cch giao thip c.
4. Vic Cm o.
5. Vic Thu M.
Thu m trong nc i by gi, th i khi cng nh i vua Thnh T v Hin T, duy ch t khi
nc Php v nc I Pha Nho vo nh ly my tnh Nam K ri, li phi bi tin binh ph mt 4 triu
nguyn, nh nc mi tm cch ly tin, bn cho ngi khch tn l Hu Li Trnh trng thu bn
thuc nha phin t Qung Bnh ra n Bc K. S chp rng ng nin nh vua thu c c 302.200
quan tin thu nha phin.
6. Vic Vn Hc.
Vua Dc Tng l mt ng vua hay ch nht i nh Nguyn, cho nn ngi trng s nho hc lm. Ngi
chm v vic khoa gip, sa sang vic thi c t ra Nh S Khoa v Ct S Khoa, chn ly ngi
vn hc ra lm quan.
Ngi li t Tp Hin Vin v Khai Kinh Din ngi ng ra cng vi cc quan bn sch v, lm th
ph hoc ni chuyn chnh tr. Li sai quan son b Khm nh Vit S , t i thng c cho n ht
i nh Hu L.
Qun lnh nh th, binh kh nh th, m quan th li cho lnh v phng, mi i ch chng 20 tn
ti ng m thi. Vy nn n khi c s, khng ly g m chng gi c.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 6
Ch v tnh th nc Vit Nam n cui i T c
2. Bn hng dn
Nc Vit Nam tuy ni l mt nc qun ch chuyn ch 157 , nhng theo ci tinh thn v cch t
chc ca x hi th c nhiu ch rt hp vi ci tinh thn dn ch. Nguyn Nho Gio l ci hc cn
bn ca nc ta khi xa, m v ng thc t, th ci hc y rt ch trng s tr nc. Tr nc th
phi ly dn lm gc, ngha l phi lo cho dn c sung tc, phi dy d dn cho bit o l v m
mang tr tu ca dn. Nhng vic quan trng nh th khng phi bt c ai cng lm c, tt l phi
c nhng ngi c c hnh, ti nng v uy quyn mi c th m ang c. Bi vy cho nn mi
cn c vua c quan.
Vua: Theo ci l thuyt ca Nho Gio, th khi c qun chng, l phi c qun. Qun l mt n v
gi ci ch quyn chu ht thy cc trch nhim v s sinh hot v tnh mnh ca ton dn trong
nc. Ci n v y gi l hay l vng, c gi ci ch quyn c nc. Ci ch quyn y ngi
ta cn gi l ci thn kh, ngha l mt vt thing ling do tri cho, tc l dn thun mi c gi. Ni
rng nhng ngi lm nhng iu gian c bo ngc m cp ly ch quyn th sao ? l s tim
ot ch khng phi l chnh ngha. Ngay nhng ngi lm lm vng m lm dng ch quyn
lm nhng iu tn bo, th cng ch l ngi tn tc m thi, ch khng phi l tht bc bc
vng na.
157
Ta thng hiu my ch qun ch chuyn ch theo ci ngha ca cc nc u Ty ngy nay, ch khng
bit my ch y theo ci hc nho gio c nhiu ch khc nhau. 199 Triu nh: S d i xa qun
chng cng nhn mt ng vua gi ci ch quyn c nc, l mun cho c mi thng nht khi s
tranh dnh v cuc bin lon. Song vic tr nc l vic chung c nc, cho nn c vua l phi c
triu nh. Triu nh khng phi l mt nhm cn thn hu h v lm vic ring cho nh vua, chnh
l mt hi ngh chung c nc, do s kn chn nhng ngi xng ng bng cch thi c m t ra.
Cch thi c khng phn bit sang hn giu ngho g c, min l ai c hc, c hnh v c ti nng th
c ra ng th. Ngi no ri v ra lm quan l ngi y c chn trong triu nh.
L nh vua, mi thng phi my ln thit i triu, cc quan ti kinh u phi n mt v theo phm
trt m ng tu by mi vic. Bi v khi c vic g quan trng, th vua h nh ngh, ngha l giao
cho nh thn bn xt. Cc quan bt k ln b u c em kin ca mnh m trnh by. Vic g
quyt nh, em dng ln vua chun y, ri mi thi hnh.
Vua tuy c quyn ln tht, nhng khng c lm iu g tri php thng. Khi vua c lm iu g lm
li, th cc quan Gim St Ng S phi tu by m can ngn vua. Tr nhng ng vua bo ngc khng
k, thng l vua phi nghe li can ngn ca cc quan.
H triu nh c nhng ngi ngay chnh v sng sut, th vic nc c yn tr; nu c nhng ngi
gian nnh m ti, th vic nc h hng. l l chung t xa n nay nh vy.
Quan t: mnh lnh ca triu nh pht ra, th quan t cc qun huyn phi theo m thi hnh. Cc
quan coi cc qun huyn c nhim v dy d dn, ng dn lm nhng iu tri lun thng o l
hay nhng vic phn lon. Ngoi ra quan phi cho dn c yn nghip lm n, khng nn by vic
ra nhiu dn. Bi vy i xa ng quan no cai tr mt ht m dn ht y c yn tr l ng quan
gii.
Lng hay x l phn t ct yt ca dn. Phong tc, l lut ca lng no hay lng y, triu nh khng
can thip n, cho nn tc ng c cu: "Php vua thua l lng". Lng c hi ng k dch do dn c ra
trng coi ht c mi vic. Hi ng y c ngi tin ch v th ch ng u, ri c l trng v
ph l do hi ng k dch c ra thay mt lng m giao thip vi quan t, c tun inh chuyn coi
vic cnh st trong lng. Khi mt ngi no can phm vic g th quan trch c lng, cho nn ai i
u hay lm vic g cng phi ly lng lm gc.
Ngy xa cc lng khng c s khai sinh t v gi th, nhng tc l ca lng, c con trai n 12 tui
th phi vo lng, tc l vo s inh ca lng, con gi th khng c l y. Li v s th cng t tin v
s tin s, tng, v.v... cho nn nh no con ra, bt k trai hay gi, cha m phi nh cho ng gi,
ngy thng v nm sinh ca a con y. Bi vy ngi no cng bit r ngy thng sinh ca con mnh.
2. Bn Hng Dn.
Cng: Cng l hng ngi lm th hoc lm mt cng ngh g ly li. Nhng v nc ta khi xa ch
c nhng tiu cng ngh, nh quy t, dt vi, dt la, lm chi li, lm mm mui v.v.... ch khng
c i cng ngh lm giu nh cc nc khc. i cng ngh khng c th nhng ngi lm th, ai
chuyn tp ngh g th lp thnh phng, nh th mc, th n, th rn, th c, th gm v.v.... mi
phng c th c, th ph v th, v phng no c tc l ca phng y. Nhng ngi lm th
thng l ngi t hc, quanh nm ngy thng i lm thu lm mn ch c n m thi.
Thng: Thng l hng ngi lm ngh bun bn. Song vic bun bn ca ta ngy xa km ci lm.
Ngi thin h i bun nc ny, bn nc n, xut cng, nhp cng, kinh doanh nhng cng cuc to
ln k hng c hng triu. Ngi mnh c i khng i n u, ch quanh qun trong nc, bun
bn nhng hng ha lt vt, thnh ra bao nhiu mi li ln v tay ngi ngoi mt. Thnh thong c
mt t ngi c mi lm chic thuyn mnh ch hng t x n n x kia, nhng vn nm by vn
quan tin, th cho l hng c ph.
Cng ngh nh th, bun bn nh th, bo nc mnh ph cng lm sao c? Rt cc li, ch c
ngh nng v ngh s l trng yu hn c. 200
Nng: Nng l hng ngi chuyn ngh lm rung. Dn Vit Nam ta thng th ai cng c t ra l vi
ba so rung cy cy, ngha l ngh lm rung l ngh gc ca ngi mnh. Nhng tr nhng ni
rung nhiu ngi t v t li ph nhiu nh t Nam Vit, cn th t xu v li v kh hu khng
iu ha, nng ma tht thng, vic cy cy gp nhiu ni kh khn. Dn nh qu, phn nhiu n
nh v rung nng, h nm no ma ha gi thun, ma mng tt th nm y dn c no m, nhng
nm no ma lt hay hn hn, ma mng mt ht, th dn i kh.
S: S l hng ngi chuyn ngh i hc, hoc thi ra lm quan, hoc i dy hc, lm thy
thuc, thy a l, thy bi, thy tng, thy s v.v.... l nhng ngh phong lu nhn h.
S hc ca nc ta ngy trc c b L coi vic gio ha ca ton nc. tnh c quan c Hc,
ph c quan Gio Th, huyn v chu th c quan Hun o, l nhng ngi c khoa mc, triu
nh b ra coi vic gio dc cc ht, v mi ngi coi mt trng cng trong ht. Nhng s t hc
cc trng t thc kh kh u c n hc tp cc trng cng ca quan c, quan Gio hay
quan Hun, i n khi c khoa thi Hng, th ra ng th. Nm no c khoa thi, th cc quan hun o,
gio th v c hc m cuc kho hc tr la ch nhng ngi c sc mi cho ra ng th.
L nh vua c ba nm m khoa thi Hng cc a phng. Nhng ngi cao khoa thi Hng
gi l c nhn, nhng ngi thp gi l T Ti. Nm sau Kinh m khoa thi Hi ti b L,
nhng ngi C Nhn nm trc vo ng th, ai trng cch th c vo thi nh trong in nh
vua ly cc bc Tin S, l nhng bc i khoa, ngi trong nc rt ly lm qu trng.
Mi khi c khoa thi Hng, cc quan kinh ra chm thi c ci bin bn ch: Phng Ch Cu Hin,
ngha l: vng ch vua ra tm ngi gii. Vy s thi c ngy trc c ci ngha khc s thi c ngy
nay.
l ni cch t chc vic gio ha ca triu nh. Cn ch dn gian, th s hc tp rt t do. Bt
k ngi no c hc lc kha kh cng c th m trng t thc dy hc. Mi lng c vi ba trng
t thc, hoc nh thy, hoc nh ngi ho ph nui thy cho con hc v cho con cc nh ln cn
n hc. Ngi Vit Nam ta vn chung s hc, cho nn ngi i hc cng nhiu.
Nguyn s hc ngy xa c ci mc ch chn chnh l hc cho hiu o l, bit phi tri, v luyn
tm tnh cho thnh ngi c tit tho v c phm cch cao qu, gp thi th ra gip nc gip dn,
nu khng, th lm ngi ngay chnh trong x hi. Sau dn dn v s sanh hot i, s hc thnh ra
ci hc chuyn v mt c nghip, ngha l hc ch ct ly ra lm quan. Ngi i hc t
ri, t tin mnh l ti gii, ch v ly ci hoa m b ngoi le ngi, ch khng thit g n s thc
hc. Tu trung cng c ngi mun thi ly cht danh phn ri v nh hc thm hay dy hc.
Nhng i a s ch mong lm quan v lm quan l c a v tn qu, ngoi ra khng c g hn
na.
Chng trnh s hc c nghip c nhng g ? Bao nhiu cng phu ca ngi i hc ch trng vo s
hc cho nh nhng sch T Th, Ng Kinh cng nhng li th ch ca tin nho trong nhng sch y v
hc thm my b s nc Tu. Cn s luyn tp hng ngy, th ct tp cho tho thuc cc l li ch
khoa trng l: kinh ngha, t lc, thi ph, vn sch. y l dng h vn m xt ti thc dng, em s
hoa m lm mc thc o ti kinh lun. Bi vy ai hay kinh ngha ngh mnh hn ngi, ai ti thi
ph tng mnh gii ngh tr nc. Vic i th ti tm m mt m li t ph v kiu cng, cho
thin h nh rm rc, coi mnh nh thn thnh.
Nh ca phn nhiu l nh tranh nh l, t khi c nh ngi nh gch. Kiu nh lm cng phi theo kiu
thng m lm, ch khng c lm nh lu v nh kiu ch cng hay kiu ch mn. Ai lm nh ca
m khng theo ng php, th cho l lng hnh, phi ti.
Nc ngho, dn kh, li phi lc c nhiu tai bin, ngi ngoi vo xm lc, triu nh ng ngc
khng bit xoay x ra th no, lng ngi ly tn, phn ra b n ng kia, git hi ln nhau. y l ci
tnh th nc Vit Nam ta v cui i T c l th, cho nn s nguy vong mi xy ra vy.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 7
Nc Php ly t Nam K
1. Nc Php nh Nng.
3. Mt tnh nh Tng.
Trong thi i kh khn nh i vua Dc Tng, m vua quan c kh kh gi ly thi c, khng bit
theo thi m m nc cho ngi ta vo bun bn, khng bit nhn dp m khai ha dn tr, li v s
sng tn m em git hi ngi trong nc, v em lm ti nhng ngi i ging o. Bi nhng s
lm li y, cho nn nc Php mi dng binh lc bo th cho nhng ngi gio s b hi.
Triu nh c tin y lin sai ng o Tr ra cng vi quan tng c Nam Ngha l Trn Hong tiu
ng. ng o Tr ra n ni th hai ci hi thnh mt ri. Triu nh li sai quan hu qun L nh
L lm tng thng em 2.000 cm binh vo n ng.
ng L nh L vo nh vi qun Php mt trn x Cm L b n, v c my hm th mt.
Vua Dc Tng li sai quan Kinh Lc S l ng Nguyn Tri Phng vo lm tng thng, ng Chu
Phc Minh lm c cng vi ng o Tr chng gi vi qun Php v qun I Pha Nho.
Nhn v khi trc cc gio s u ni rng h qun Php sang nh, th dn bn o tc khc ni ln
nh gip, n nay khng thy tin tc g, m qun lnh ca trung tng th tin ln khng c.
Nng th ch n ch khng c, li phi bnh dch t cht hi mt nhiu ngi, bi vy trung tng
ly lm phin lm. By gi c ng gim mc Pellerin cng i theo sang di tu Mnsis, trung
tng c trch ng gim mc nh la mnh, gim mc cng tc gin b v nh tu dy o ti thnh
Pnang bn M Lai.
Gia nh, by gi tuy c nhiu binh kh, nhng qun lnh khng luyn tp, vic v b b tr ni, cho
nn khi qun Php ca Cn Gi tin ln, quan h c l V Duy Ninh vi vng t i cc tnh ly
binh v cu vin; nhng ch trong hai ngy th thnh v. V Duy Ninh t tn. Qun nc Php v nc
I Pha Nho vo thnh, ly c 200 khu sng i bc, 8 vn ri kilos thuc sng v chng 18 vn
pht lng (francs) c tin ln bc, cn cc binh kh v thc go th khng bit bao nhiu m k.
Trung tng Rigault de Genouilly ly c thnh Gia nh ri, t c thc go v san phng thnh tr
lm bnh a, ch mt ci n pha nam, sai thy qun trung t Jaurguiberry em mt o qun
li chng gi vi qun ca ng Tn Tht Hp ng t Bin Ha.
Trung tng mun nhn dp m nh vic ging ha, nhng m Triu nh c li thi mi, ngi
th bn ha, k th bn nh, thnh ra khng xong vic g c 158 . M qun Php lc by gi
Nng kh s lm, nhiu ngi c bnh tt; trung tng Rigault de Genouilly cng au, phi xin v
ngh.
Chnh ph Php sai hi qun thiu tng Page (Ba-du) sang thay cho trung tng Rigault de Genouilly
v nhn th ch vic ging ha cho xong. n thng 10 nm k mi (1859) th thiu tng sang n
ni, v cho ngi a th bn vic ha, ch ct xin ng cm o, cho cc gio s c t do i
ging o, t lnh s coi vic bun bn cc ca b v t s thn Hu. i th cng nh nhng
iu ca ng Montigny bn nm trc. Nhng chng may lc by gi trong Triu khng ai hiu
chnh sch ngoi giao m ch trng vic y, ha ra lm mt ci dp hay c cho hai nc.
Thiu tng thy cuc ha khng xong bn tin binh ln nh, trn y bn qun Php cht mt mt vin
lc qun trung t l Dupr Droulde.
Khi qun Php v qun I Pha Nho sang nh nc ta Nng v Gia nh, th qun nc Anh v
qun nc Php ang nh nc Tu mn Hong Hi. n by gi qun Php cn phi tip sang
bn Tu, chnh ph nc Php mi truyn cho thiu tng Page phi rt qun Nng v, v ch
qun gi ly Gia nh, cn bao nhiu binh thuyn phi em sang theo hi qun trung tng Charner i
nh Tu. Bi vy n thng ba nm canh thn (1860) qun Php t c dinh tri Tr Sn ri xung
tu. V n Gia nh, thiu tng Page hi qun i t d Aris li gi Gia nh, cn bao nhiu
binh thuyn em ln pha bc hi vi binh thuyn ca nc Anh nh nc Tu.
Triu nh Hu thy qun Php b nng i, bn sai Nguyn Tri Phng, Phm Th Hin vo Nam
K, cng vi ng Tn Tht Hp sung Gia nh qun th.
158
Ch ny sch ty c quyn chp rng khi hai bn ang bn vic ha, th vua T c sai ng Nguyn
Tri Phng nh qun Php Gia nh. V xem s ta lc by gi th ng Nguyn Tri Phng ang
cn Qung Nam mI n thng 5 nm canh thn (1860), ng y mi vo Nam K. Vy vic nh
Gia nh l ng Tn Tht Hp, ch khng phi l ng Nguyn Tri Phng. nhng ng y xin c ht
sc n n nc, cn mt Qung Nam m c vic g, th ng Phan Thanh Gin v ng Nguyn B
Nghi c th cng ng c.
Qun Php v qun I Pha Nho Si gn lc by gi ch c 1.000 ngi m qun ca Vit Nam ta
th c n hn mt vn ngi. Nhng m qun ta khng luyn tp, li khng c sng ng nh qun
Ty. Mnh ch c my khu sng c, bn bng la, i xa 250 hay l 300 thc ty l cng; cn
sng i bc th ton l sng np tin m bn mi pht khng u mt. Ly nhng qun lnh y, nhng
kh gii y m i ch vi qun lp theo li mi, th nh lm sao c. Bi vy cho nn xem
trn ca Vit Nam ta t u cho n cui, ch c cch o hm o h lm th th, ch khng
bao gi c th cng, m ngi Ty th li c cng ln th. Tuy vy ng Nguyn Tri Phng cng vi
quan tham tn i thn Phm Th Hin vo xp t Gia nh mt cch rt c quy c, p dy n
K Ha (ngi Php gi l dy n Ch Ha) cng hp quy thc, chng nhau vi qun ca i t d
Aris. Hai bn tng nh nhau hai ba trn, u b thit hi c.
3. Mt Tnh nh Tng.
Ph c n K Ha ri, trung tng Charner truyn cho qun thy b tin ln ui nh, quan qun
v tan c.
159
T khi h xong thnh M Tho ri, trung tng t n ly cc ni him yu, v c hon vic binh
sa sang vic cai tr trong a ht ly c, cho nn cng khng nh cc tnh khc.
Triu nh Hu c tin quan qun tht th i n K Ha, v thnh M Tho cng tht th ri, sai
quan thng th H b l Nguyn B Nghi lm Khm sai i thn vo kinh l vic Nam k. Nguyn
B Nghi bit th chng khng ni vi qun Php, dng s v xin ging ha. Nhng trong triu lc
by gi c bn Trng ng Qu khng chu, bt phi tm k chng gi.
C nh chp s trch Nguyn B Nghi rng tuy ng y mun ging ha, nhng khng chu nhng t,
c ly l m ci, ch khng bit rng thi bui cnh tranh ny, h ci sc khng , th khng c
ci l g l phi c. V chng qun nc Php sang nh ly my tnh Nam K, l ct lm
thuc a, l no t nhin li em tr li. Bi vy s ging ha c li thi mi khng xong. M trong
a ht tnh Gia nh v tnh nh Tng lc y li c my ngi nh tri huyn Toi, ph qun c
Trng nh, Thin h Dng r nhng ngi ngha dng ni ln nh ph qun Php. Qun Php c
nh dp mi dn tnh cng b lm iu cc kh.
n thng 10 nm tn du (1861), chnh ph Php sai hi qun thiu tng Bonard sang thay cho trung
tng Charner v ngh.
Thiu tng Bonard thy quan qun ta c chng gi mi, bn quyt nh ly tnh Bin Ha v tnh
Vnh Long. n thng 11 nm y, th qun Php chia ra lm 3 o, cng tin ln nh ly thnh Bin
Ha, ri li tin ln mt ng nam nh ly n B Ra. Qua thng 3 nm sau l nm nhm tut
(1862), thiu tng Bonard li em 11 chic tu v hn 1.000 qun i nh Vnh Long. Tnh thn
y chng gi c 2 ngy th thnh ph. Tng c Trng Vn Uyn phi em qun lui v pha ty
sng M-kong.
160
Nguyn trc thiu tng Bonard c sai trung t Simon em chic tu Forbin vo ca Thun An
i xem triu nh Hu c xin ha khng. Nay chic tu y em thuyn ca s thn Vit Nam ta v
Gia nh. 205 S ging ha xong ri th triu nh sai ng Phan Thanh Gin lm tng c Vnh Long,
ng Lm Duy Tip lm tun ph Khnh Thun, giao thip vi quan nc Php Gia nh.
By gi nc I Pha Nho cng nhng quyn ly t lm thuc a cho nc Php, ch nhn tin binh
ph v quyn c cho gio s i ging o thi.
Vua Dc Tng tuy th bt c d phi nhng t ba tnh Nam K cho nc Php, nhng trong bng
vn mun c ht sc chuc li, v l t Gia nh l t khai nghip ca nh Nguyn v li l t
qu ngoi ca ngi, nn chi ha c k ri, m ngi v sai quan thng ngh vi quan nc Php
v vic y. M ch ngi nc Php lc by gi th khng nhng l ch gi ly ba tnh m thi, li
cn nh m rng thm ra na. Vy l no li em tr li cho mnh?
Vua Dc Tng thy vic bn ny bn khng xong, bn sai quan hip bin i hc s Phan Thanh Gin,
quan t tham tri li b Phm Ph Th v quan n st s tnh Qung Nam l Ngy Khc n em phm
vt sang s nc Php v I Pha Nho. Cn vic giao thip trong Nam K th giao li cho quan tng
c tnh Vnh Long l Trng Vn Uyn.
Thng 6, cc s thn xung tu "Echo" vo Gia nh, ri sang tu "Europen" cng vi quan nc
Php v quan nc I Pha Nho sang Ty. n thng 8 th tu "Europen" v ti nc Php, s thn
nc ta ln Paris, xin vo triu yt Php Hong N Ph Lun tam. Nhng by gi Php Hong sp
i ng mt, s thn ta phi li ch n hn mt thng mi c yt kin. ng Phan Thanh Gin ty
by mi l v vic xin chuc ba tnh Nam K. Php Hong ban rng vic nh ngh xem th no
ri sau s tr li cho Triu nh Hu.
My hm sau, bn ng Phan Thanh Gin i sang I Pha Nho, ri n cui nm th cc s thn xung tu
"Japon" tr v.
Nguyn t nm k mi (1859), vua nc Cao Min l An Dng (tc l Nc ng Tn) mt ri, ngi
con trng tn l Norodom (ng Ln) ln ni ngi. n nm tn du (1861), th ngi em Norodom
l Si-Vattha ni ln tranh ngi ca anh. Norodom phi chy sang Tim La. Sang nm nhm tut (1862)
vua Tim La sai qun em Norodom v nc, ri t quan - ng bo h Cao Min.
Lc by gi Cao Min c ng gim mc tn l Miche khuyn vua Norodom v vi nc Php th
Tim La khng dm bt nt. Bn ny thiu tng De La Grandire cng sai i y Doudart de Lagre
sang kinh doanh vic bo h Cao Min. ng Doudart de Lagre sang Cao Min trong mt nm tri thu
xp mi vic, n nm gip t (1864) th nc Tim La phi rt qun v, nhng quyn bo h cho
nc Php.
Vua Dc Tng li sai quan Li B thng th l ng Phan Thanh Gin ra sung chc ton quyn cng
vi Trn Tin Thnh v Phan Huy Vnh thng ngh vi s thn nc Php.
161
Nguyn ngi nuc ta t xa tuy c ting ni ring m khng c ch vit. Hc hnh, vn chng, n
t, vic g cng lm bng Hn t c. T i nh Trn v sau c ngi dng Hn T m t ra ch
Nm vit ting Quc Ng. Nhng m nhng nh vn hc khng hay dng n ch nm. n cui
i nh L c cc gio s B o Nha sang ging o nc ta, thy hn t kh hc v khng my
ngi hiu, mi mn ch La Tinh m t ra ch quc ng, cho tin s ging dy. Ngy nay ta
cng nh c ch quc ng y m lm thnh ra nc ta c mt li ch ring rt tin. 206
S hai nc c bn i bn li mi khng xon, m bn Php th c nhiu ngi khng mun tr li
t Nam K. Cui nm gip t (1864) quan thng th Hi qun b l hu tc De Chasseloup Laubat
dng s tu vi Php Hong nht nh xin khng cho nc Nam chuc ba tnh. Php Hong nghe li y
bn xung ch truyn c chiu t ha c nm nhm tut (1862) m thi hnh.
Nm t su (1865), quan thng th De Chasseloup Laubat mun bit r tnh th bn Vit Nam ny,
bn gi thiu tng De La Grandire v hi ngh v sai hi qun thiu tng Roze sang thay. Thiu
tng De la Grandire v Php c i ln v mt 7 thng, li tr sang kinh l vic Nam K.
Lc by gi ba tnh ca Php thnh np ri, thiu tng De la Grandire Php sang quyt
ly nt ba tnh pha ty. Li nhn t khi trc nc Php sang ly Nam K, ngi bn x thnh thong
vn ni ln nh ph, qun Php dp mi khng yn. Cao Min li c tn s Pu km B xng l
chu Nc ng Chn cng ni ln nh vua Norodom. Sy ph Si gn cho quan Vit Nam xui
gic v gip nhng ngi lm lon, bn sa son vic ly tnh Vnh Long, tnh An Giang v tnh
H Tin.
2. Gic Tam-ng
3. Gic chu-chu
4. Gic tn Phng
5. S phn-nghch Kinh-thnh
Vua Dc-tng vn l ng vua c lng chm-ch v vic tr dn, ngay t nm canh-tut (1850), l nm
T-c th 3, ngi sai ng Nguyn Tri Phng lm Kinh-lc i-s 6 tnh Nam- k; ng Phan
Thanh Gin lm Kinh-lc i-s Bnh-nh, Ph-yn, Khnh- ha v Bnh-thun; ng Nguyn ng
Giai lm Kinh-lc i-s H tnh, Ngh An v Thanh-ha. Cc ng y i khm-xt cng vic cc
quan-li v s lm n ca dn gian, c iu g hay d phi s tu v cho vua bit.
2. Gic Tam-ng.
3. Gic chu-chu.
Thng ba nm nhm-tut (1862), Bc-ninh c tn cai-tng Nguyn vn Thnh (tc gi l cai tng
Vng) xng lm nguyn-sy, lp tn Un mo xng l con chu nh L, ln lm minh-ch, ri nhp
ng vi tn Phng, em binh i nh ph Lng-giang, huyn Yn-dng, v vy thnh Bc-ninh.
By gi quan b chnh H-ni l Nguyn khc Thut, quan b- chnh tnh Sn-ty l L D v quan
ph lnh-binh tnh Hng-yn l V To em qun ba tnh v nh gii vy cho tnh Bc. V To nh
nhau vi qun gic hn 10 trn mi ph c qun gic.
Pha ng th tn Phng vy thnh Hi-dng, tnh-thn dng s co-cp. Triu nh bn sai quan
Thng-th b Hnh l Trng quc Dng ra lm tng-thng Hi-an 163 qun-v, cng vi Phan tam
Tnh, ng Hnh, L Xun, em qun Kinh v qun Than, Ngh ra tin-tiu. Li sai o Tr lm tham-
tn i-thn, Nguyn b Nghi lm Sn-Hng-Tuyn 164 tng-c, cng vi Trng quc Dng
nh gic Bc-k.
Lc y, tnh Thi Nguyn th c gic Nng v gic Khch nh ph, tnh Tuyn Quang th c bn tn
Un, tn Nng hng Thc quy nhiu, tnh Cao-bng th b tn Gic Khch L hp Thng vy nh,
tnh Bc-ninh th c cai tng Vng cp ph, cc quan to la ri c ln. Vua Dc-tng sai Nguyn tri
Phng ra lm ty-bc-tng-thng qun-v i-thn, cng vi Phan nh Tuyn v Tn tht Tu ra
nh mt Bc-ninh, Thi-nguyn v Tuyn-quang.
Thng 3 nm qu-hi (1863) V To nh ly li thnh Tuyn-quang v bt c tn Un ng ci gii
v tr ti. Qua thng 4, Nguyn tri Phng dp xong gic Bc-ninh, ri em binh ly li thnh Thi-
nguyn, bt c tn Thanh, tn c, tn Vn v li ph c so huyt ca gic ni Ma-hin, thuc
chu Bch-thng.
Lc by gi bn tn Phng c sai ngi vo cu vin quan thiu- tng Bonard trong Nam-k, c
h ly c Bc-k th xin nc Php bo-h. Nhng v trong Nam-k cn lm vic, m s ging
ha vi Triu- nh Hu sp xong, cho nn thiu-tng khng nhn. ng tn Phng vn chim
gi t Qung-yn v nhng o ngoi b, lm so huyt,
Cui nm qu-hi (1863) l nm T-c th 16, qun gic hp hn 500 chic thuyn o Cc-b v
ni -sn, c mun em qun vo nh t Kinh-k, nhng chng may phi bo, thuyn m mt
nhiu. Quan -c l L quang Tin v quan b-ph Bi huy Phan c tin y lin em qun ra nh,
b qun gic tp hu, quan qun b chy. L quang Tin v Bi huy Phan phi nhy xung bin t tn.
n thng 6 nm gip-t (1864) l nm T-c th 17, quan hip- thng Trng quc Dng, quan tn-
l Vn c Khu, quan tn-tng Trn huy Sch v quan chng-v H Thin nh nhau vi gic
t Qung-yn, b gic git c. Trn y quan qun thua to, qun-s thit hi rt nhiu.
Thng 4 nm t-su (1865), qun gic em 300 chic thuyn phn ra lm 3 o vo cp mn Hi-
dng. Nguyn tri Phng sai Nguyn vn V em qun ra n nh, bt v chm c rt nhiu. T
quan -c Mai Thin quan tn-l ng trn Chuyn, quan c-binh ng ch Khim ph c
qun gic hn 10 trn, qun gic lui v gi mt Hi-ninh.
Thng 7 nm y, Nguyn tri Phng sai ng trn Chuyn, ng ch Khim em binh ra Qung-yn,
c vi quan nh Thanh Khm-chu nh ly li thnh Hi-ninh. Qun gic thua to, em hn 70
chic thuyn chy ra b. Quan qun em binh thuyn ra ui nh, tn Phng, tn c th chy vo
mn Qung-bnh, Qung-tr, cn nhng ng, a th phi bt, a th chy trn c. Sau tn
Phng, tn c cng b bt em v tr ti Hu.
Gic Phng khi t cui nm tn-du (1861) n cui nm t-su (1865) mi dp xong, k va 4 nm
tri, nh nc tn hi rt nhiu. Khi gic Phng Qung-yn dp gn xong, th mn Cao-bng c
gic Khch nh ly tnh-thnh. Quan kinh-lc V trng Bnh v quan tun-ph Phm chi Hng em
binh ln Lng-sn ri chia qun i nh cc ni, t thng 9 nm t-su (1865) cho n thng 3 nm
bnh-dn (1866), th tng gic l Trng cn Bang mi xin v hng, v mi thu phc li c thnh
Cao-bng.
5. S phn-nghch Kinh-thnh.
Nguyn vua Dc-tng l con th m c ni ngi, l v ngi anh ngi l Hng Bo phng ng,
khng chu hc hnh cho nn khng c lp. ng y ly iu lm tc gin, bn -mu vi mt
nc ngoi quc tranh ngi vua. Chng may s l ra, ng y phi b ngc, ri ung thuc c m
cht. Cn con ng th c tha m phi i tn l inh o
inh o phi ti gio, Tn tht Cc th t vn cht, cn cc quan c trch nhim u phi chiu ti
nng nh, hoc phi cch.
Triu-nh sai V trng Bnh ra lm H-ninh tng-c kim chc Tuyn-Thi-Lng qun-th khm-sai
i-thn, hi vi quan -c tnh Qung-ty l Phng t Ti m nh gic Ng Cn.
Qun hai nc cng ng sc nh dp, n thng 5 nm k-t (1869) th mi khi phc li c tnh-
thnh Cao-bng. n cui nm canh- ng (1870), Ng Cn em qun vy nh tnh-thnh Bc-ninh,
quan tiu- ph ng ch Khim nh mt trn bn cht Ng Cn v ph tan qun gic.
Ng Cn tuy cht, song cn c nhng -ng l Hong sng Anh, hiu c vng, Lu vnh Phc, hiu
c en, Bn vn Nh, Lng vn Li, hiu c trng, vn c quy-nhiu mn Tuyn-quang, Thi-
nguyn, quan qun phi ht sc chng gi tht l vt v. Triu-nh sai quan trung-qun on Th ra
lm tng-thng qun-v Bc-k.
Tin y vo n Hu, Triu-nh vi vng sai Hong k Vim 165 ra lm Lng-Bnh-Ninh-Thi thng-
c qun-v i thn, cng vi quan tn-tng Tn tht Thuyt i dp gic Bc-k. Qua thng t
nm sau (1871), nh vua li sai quan Hnh-b thng-th l L Tun lm chc Khm-sai th-s
cng vi ng Hong k Vim lo vic nh dp.
t Bc-k c gic-gi mi, quan qun nh-dp tht l tn-hi m khng yn c. n thng 7 nm
nhm-thn (1872), Triu-nh li sai Nguyn tri Phng lm Tuyn-st ng-sc i-thn ra thay mt
vua xem- xt vic nh gic Bc-k. Nhng lc by gi vic gic trong nc cha xong, th s
giao-thip vi nc Php sinh ra lm ni kh khn, khin vic nc li ri thm ra na.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 9
Qun Php Ly Bc K Ln Th I
2. -ph-Ngha
5. Ly my tnh Trung-chu
7. ng Philastre ra H-ni
T khi nc Php ly xong t Nam-k ri, Sy-ph Si-gn sa-sang mi vic, v cho ngi i
xem xt tnh th v sng ni Trung-k v Bc-k m mang s giao- thng. Li c mun tm
ng thng sang nc Tu, bi vy thng 5 nm bnh-dn (1866), thiu-tng De la Grandire sai
trung-t Doudart de Lagre cng vi i-y Francis Garnier (Ngc-nhi) v my ngi Php na theo
sng Mkong i tm ng sang Tu. n thng 3 nm mu-thn (1868), non hai nm tri, ng Doudart
de Lagre mi sang n t Vn-nam. Nhng chng may ng y phi bnh au gan m cht. ng
Francis Garnier em xc ng y i qua nc Tu, ri xung Tu thy v Si-gn.
By gi lut nc ta cm khng cho ch mui sang Tu, m vic thng-thng sng Hng-h cng
cha nh r th no, nhng -ph- Ngha t xng l c lnh quan Tu cho, th khng cn phi theo
lut nc Nam, v nc Nam l mt nc phi thn-phc nc Tu.
Tuy vy, quan ta phi n -ph-Ngha l ngi nc Php, s c vic g, th thnh ra bt-ha vi
Sy-ph Si-gn, cho nn c dng li ni ngt can ng y ng lm iu tri vi lut nc.
Nhng ng y c mt nim t mnh m lm. Quan ta nh c Gim-mc Puginier l K-s ln can
cng khng c.
By gi Triu-nh sai quan hu-tham-tri b Binh l Phan nh Bnh lm khm-phi ra giao cho ng
Nguyn tri Phng phi thu-xp cho yn chuyn y. ng Nguyn tri Phng mi sai quan b-chnh l
V ng nh ngy mi -ph-Ngha n hi-qun Qung-ng, hi ngh. Khi hai bn n hi-
ng, quan ta ni rng s giao-thip nc Php vi nc Nam c t ha-c nm nhm-tut
(1862), v s em mui v go ln bn Vn- nam l tri vi t ha-c y, v li tri vi lut bn-
quc. -ph-Ngha ci rng ng y c lnh quan Tu cho l , khng cn phi xin php g na, ri
ng dy ra v.
Triu-nh Hu thy vic li thi mi, s lu thnh ra nhiu s, mi sai ng L Tun, ng Nguyn
vn Tng v ng Nguyn tng Don vo s Si-gn, thng-ngh v vic ba tnh pha ty t
Nam-k v nhn th nh Sy-ph phn x vic -ph-Ngha cho xong.
3. i-y Francis Garnier (Ngc Nhi) ra H-ni.
ang lc y th Triu-nh Hu sai bn ng L Tun vo xin thiu- tng ra iu-nh vic -ph-
Ngha Bc-k.
i-y Francis Garnier em my chic tu con v 170 ngi lnh ra n ca Thun, ngh li my hm
i quan khm-sai cng ra Bc-k. n thng 10 nm qu-du (1873), th cc quan ra n H-ni.
n u thng 10, mt mt i-y vit th cho ng Nguyn tri Phng, trch quan ta lm ngn-tr vic
bun-bn ca -ph-Ngha; vy v s vn-minh v ci quyn-li ca nc Php, cho nn Sy-ph
Si-gn sai i-y ra m s bun-bn Bc-k. Du quan Vit-nam c thun hay khng cng mc,
i-y c theo lnh ca Sy-ph m thi-hnh. Mt mt i-y bn-nh vi -ph-Ngha nh ngy
nh thnh v bt ng Nguyn tri Phng gii vo Si-gn.
n sng hm rm thng 10 nm qu-du (1873), th qun Php pht sng bn vo thnh H-ni. ng
Nguyn tri Phng cng vi con l ph-m Nguyn Lm hong-ht ln thnh gi ca ng v ca
Nam. c non mt gi ng h th thnh v, ph-m Lm trng n cht, ng Nguyn tri Phng th
b thng nng. Qun Php vo thnh bt c ng Nguyn tri Phng v quan khm-phi Phan nh
Bnh em xung tu.
ng Nguyn tri Phng ngh mnh l mt bc lo-thn th vua tri ba triu, nh nam dp bc
qua my phen, nay chng may v vic nc m b thng, n ni phi b bt, ng quyt ch khng
chu buc thuc v nhn n m cht.
ng Nguyn tri Phng l ngi ngi Tha-thin, do li-in xut thn, lm quan t i vua
Thnh-t, tri qua ba triu, m nh vn thanh-bch, ch em ch-l m lo vic nc, ch khng thit
ca-ci. Nhng chng may phi khi quc-b gian-nan, ng phi em thn hin cho nc, thnh ra c
nh cha con, anh em u mt v vic nc. tht l mt nh trung-lit xa nay t c vy.
5. Ly my tnh Trung-chu.
Thnh H-ni tht th ri, quan ta th trn-trnh i c, gic cp li nhn dp ni ln. i-y Francis
Garnier li cho nhng ngi theo vi mnh i lm quan cc ni chng vi quan triu, ri li sai
ngi i nh ly tnh Ninh-bnh, Nam-nh v Hi-dng.
Quan ta cc tnh u ng ngc khng bit ra th no, h thy ngi Ty n l b chy. Bi vy, ch
c ngi Php tn l Hautefeuille v 7 ngi lnh ty m h c thnh Ninh-bnh, v ch trong 20
ngy m 4 tnh Trung-chu mt c.
Triu-nh c tin bin Bc- k, vi-vng sai ng Trn nh Tc, ng Nguyn trng Hp, ng
Trng gia Hi cng vi gim-mc Bnh (Mgr Bohier) v linh-mc ng ( Dangelger) ra H-ni,
iu nh mi vic v sai ng Hong k Vim Sn-ty lm tit- ch qun-v, phng gi cc ni.
Li sai ng L Tun lm ton-quyn, ng Nguyn vn Tng lm ph, vo thng-thuyt vi Sy-ph
Si-gn v vic i-y Francis Garnier nh Bc-k.
7. ng Philastre ra H-ni.
Nguyn khi thiu-tng Dupr sai i-y Francis Garnier ra Bc-k l t mnh ch chnh-ph nc
Php vn khng thun, bi vy khi c tin i-y khi s nh H-ni, thiu- tng lin sai hi-
qun i-y, khim chc thng-soi vic hnh-lut Nam- k, l ng Philastre (ta gi l Hoc-o-
sinh) cng vi qua ph-s nc ta l ng Nguyn vn Tng ra iu-nh mi vic Bc-k.
Ngay lc y c tu " Decrs " cn ng gn -sn, ng Philastre mun sang tu y cho chic
tu mnh i l "D Estres " tr v bo tin cho Si-gn bit. Nguyn vn Tng ngn i rng: "Tu ca
mnh vo ca ri li tr ra, nh s-dn bit, li bt chc H-ni m lm by, th lm th no m
ngn cm c; s c vic tn-hi, th ly l g m bm vi qu sy. Vy nay xin sai chic tu
"Decrs" ra b, ui nh nhng gic Tu-, cn c em tu "D Estres" vo n Hi-phng, ri ta
ln Hi-dng, em tr tnh-thnh li cho bn-triu, t ci lng tin cho s-dn bit, sau ta ln H-
ni, tr nt c my thnh kia, v tra-hi vic i y Francis Garnier cht ra th no s bm cho qu-
sy bit " .
Mi vic H-ni xp-t xong ri, sy-ph Si-gn sai ng Rheinart (L Na) ra thay cho ng
Philastre cng vi ng Nguyn vn Tng v Nam-k, nh s ha-c cho kp ngy thiu-tng
Dupr v Php.
Ngy 27 thng ging nm gip-tut (1874), l nm T-c th 27, hi-qun thiu-tng Dupr v ng
L Tun, ng Nguyn vn Tng k t ha-c c thy 22 khon, i-lc c nhng khon ny l
quan trng hn c.
Khon II. Quan thng-lnh nc Php nhn quyn c-lp ca vua nc Nam khng phi thn phc
nc no na, v khi no vua nc Nam c cn n vic g nh dp gic gi, th nc Php sn
lng gip m khng yu-cu iu g.
Khon III. Vua nc Nam phi oan nhn y theo chnh-lc ngoi-giao ca nc Php, v chnh-lc
ngoi-giao hin lc by gi th no th phi nguyn nh th, khng c i khc i
Quan thng-lnh nc Php tng vua nc Nam:
Khon IV. Quan thng-lnh nc Php ha cho quan sang gip vua nc Nam dy tp lnh thy, lnh
b; cho nhng k-s sang dy lm mi vic, v cho nhng ngi gii vic ti chnh sang t-chc vic
thu-m v vic thng-chnh v. v.
Khon V. Vua nc Nam phi thun nhng t t 6 tnh Nam-k cho nc Php.
Khon IX. Vua nc Nam phi cho gio-s c t-do i ging-o, v cho dn trong nc c
t-do theo o.
Khon XI. Vua nc Nam phi m ca Th-ni ( Qui-nhn ), ca Ninh-hi ( Hi-phng ), thnh H-
ni v sng Hng-h, cho ngoi quc vo bun-bn.
Khon XV. Ngi nc Php hay l ngi ngoi quc, h c giy thng hnh ca quan lnh-s Php
v c ch quan Vit-nam ph nhn th c php i xem cc ni trong nc.
Khon XVI. Ngi nc Php v ngi ngoi quc c iu g kin tng ti t Vit-nam, th do lnh-
s Php phn-x.
Thng 6, Triu-nh Hu li sai quan hnh-b Thng-th l Nguyn vn Tng v quan li-b th-
lang l Nguyn tng Don, vo Si-gn cng vi thiu-tng Krantz nh cc l v s bun-bn
nc Nam. n 20 thng 7, th t thng-c lp xong.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 10
Tnh th nc Nam t nm Gip Tut v sau
2. Gic Bc-k
3. S giao-thip vi Tu
4. Tnh-th nc Tu
5. S giao-thip vi nc Php
Thng ging nm gip-tut (1874), l nm T-c th 27, t Ngh-an c hai ngi t-ti l Trn Tn
v ng nh Mai hi-tp c cc vn- thn trong ht, ri lm mt bi hch gi l " Bnh Ty st t ",
i lc ni rng " Triu-nh du ha vi vi Ty mc lng s-phu nc Nam vn khng chu, vy
trc nht xin git ht gio-dn, ri sau nh ui ngi Ty cho ht, gi li ci vn-ha ca ta
hn 1000 nm nay, v. v..." Bn Vn- thn c thy non hn ba nghn ngi, ko i t ph nhng
lng c o.
Triu-nh thy th gic cng ngy cng to, bn sai ng Nguyn vn Tng ra lm khm-sai v ng L
b Thn lm tng-thng, em qun ra nh dp, t thng 2 n thng 6 mi xong.
2. Gic Bc-k.
L dng Ti trc lm quan hip-trn Tm-chu, thuc tnh Qung-ty, sau b cch mi ni ln
lm gic v em qun trn sang nh ly tnh Lng-sn. Quan ta em th sang cho quan Tu bit. Quan
-c Qung-ty l Phng t Ti em qun 26 doanh sang cng vi qun ta hi- tiu. n thng 9
nm k-mo (1879), quan qun mi bt c L dng Ti ni Nghim-hu thuc tnh Thi-nguyn
em gii sang Tu.
3. S giao-thip vi Tu.
Cc vua i nh Nguyn cng theo l y, nhng cc i vua trc th vua phi ra H-ni m tip s
Tu v th phong cho. n i vua Dc- tng th s Tu vo ti Hu phong vng cho ngi.
Cn nhng cng phm th c theo l, m thng ch a sang giao cho quan Tng-c Lng-Qung
v Kinh, ch khng my khi s ta sang n Yn-kinh. Trong i vua Dc-tng th s chp rng
nm mu-thn (1868), c ng L Tun, ng Nguyn t Gin v ng Hong Tnh sang s Tu. Nm qu-
du (1873), li c cc ng Phan s Thc, ng H vn Khai, v ng Nguyn Tu sang s Tu, by t
vic nh gic Khch Bc-k.
T nm gip-tut (1874) tr i, Triu-nh Hu k t ha-c vi Php, cng nhn nc Nam
c-lp, khng thn-phc nc no na, nhng lc by gi v th bt-c-d m k t ha-c, c
trong bng vua Dc-tng vn khng phc, cho nn ngi vn c theo l c m triu-cng nc Tu, c
mong khi hu s, nc Tu sang gip mnh. Bi vy nm bnh-t (1876), vua Dc-tng sai ng Bi
n Nin tc l ng Bi D, ng Lm Honh v ng L Ct sang s nh Thanh. Nm canh-thn (1880),
li sai ng Nguyn Thut, Trn Khnh Tin, Nguyn Hoang sang Yn-kinh dng biu xng thn v cc
cng-phm. Nm sau, Triu-nh nh Thanh sai ng nh Canh sang Hu bn vic bun-bn v
lp cuc chiu thng, ch l thng tin cho chnh ph Tu bit mi vic bn nc ta.
4. Tnh-th nc Tu.
5. S giao-thip vi nc Php.
T khi ng Philastre ra iu- nh mi vic Bc-k xong ri, ng Rheinart ra thay H-ni, i cho
n ngy k ha-c th chiu mi khon m thi hnh. ng Rheinart c my thng, ri v li Si-
gn, giao quyn cho lc-qun thiu-t Dujardin (La- ng). Thiu-t c em binh-thuyn gip quan ta
i nh gic mn Hi- dng v Qung-yn.
n khi t ha-c v t thng-c k xong th Triu-nh sai ng Nguyn tng Don ra Bc-k
cng thiu-t Dujardin chn t H- ni v Ninh-hi (Hi-phng) lm dinh lm tri cho
quan qun nc Php ng, v li sai quan thng-th b H l ng Phm ph Th ra lm Hi-an
tng-c sung chc tng-l thng-chnh i-thn, cng vi ng Nguyn tng Don v ng Trn hi
Tng bn nh vic thng-chnh Bc- K.
Thng 6 nm t-hi (1875) chnh ph nc Php sai ng Rheinart sang lm khm-s Hu, ng Truc
lm lnh-s Hi-phng, v ng Kergaradec (K-la-ch) lm lnh-s H-ni. Triu-nh sai ng
Nguyn thnh vo lm lnh s Si-gn.
ng Rheinart Hu n thng 10 nm bnh-t (1876), th co bnh xin v, ng Philastre ra thay.
Triu-nh lc by gi cng hiu rng h khng theo tn-hc th khng tin-ha c, cho nn mi
nh cho ngi i du hc. Nm mu-dn (1878), bn Php c m hi vn quc u-xo Paris, vua
sai ng Nguyn thnh v ng Nguyn tng Don em i u-xo v cho ngi sang hc Toulon.
Nhng v nm tn-t (1881), Triu-nh li sai quan L-b th-lang l Phm Bnh sang Hng-cng,
em 12 a tr con i hc trng Anh-ct- li, ri li sai s i sang Tim-la v sang Tu m khng
cho s-thn nc Php bit, bi vy chnh-ph Php ly nhng iu m trch Triu-nh Hu
khng theo ha-c nm gip-tut (1874).
Thng 6 nm k-mo (1879), vin thng c mi l ng Le Myre de Vilers sang nhn chc Si-gn
v ng Rheinart li sang lm khm-s Hu thay cho ng Philastre.
Bc-k th ngi Php ra vo bun-bn, nhng v quan ta khng bit lo s khai ha, vic thng
thng khng c tin-li, v mn thng-du th c qun c en tuy l mn ting theo lnh quan
ta, nhng k thc chng n lm g cng khng ai ngn cm c. Bi vy, chnh-ph Php mi ly
nhng iu m trch quan ta v sai quan em qun ra Bc- k, ly c ni ra m mang s bun-bn,
k thc l ra kinh-doanh vic vng y.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 11
Qun Php Ly Bc K Ln Th II
1. i t Henri Rivire ra H Ni
2. H thnh H Ni ln th hai
3. Vic cu cu nc Tu
- Cui nm Tn T (1881)169, nhn c hai ngi Php tn l Courtin v Villeroi c giy thng
hnh i ln Vn Nam, nhng ln n gn Lo Kay, b qun Khch lm ngn tr, khng i c. Vin
thng c Le Myre de Vilers bn gi th v Php, ni rng nc Php nn dng binh lc m cho dp
cho yn t Bc K. Sang thng 2 nm Nhm Ng (1882), mt mt thng c sai hi qun i t Henri
Rivire sp sa binh thuyn ra H Ni; mt mt vit th vo Hu, i lc ni rng : t Bc K lon
lc, lut nh vua khng ai theo. Ngi nc Php c giy thng hnh ca qun An Nam cp cho m i
n u cng b qun Khch ngn tr. Hu th quan Vit Nam tht l vi quan khm s Rheinart.
Vy nn nc Php phi dng cch bnh vc quyn li ca ngi nc Php.
Vua Dc Tng c tin thnh H Ni tht th, bn xung chiu truyn cho quan kinh lc chnh ph
s l l ng Nguyn Chnh v Bi n Nin em binh lui v mt M c cng vi Hong K Vim
tm cch chng gi. Nhng quan khm s Rheinart sang thng thuyt rng vic nh thnh H Ni
khng phi l ch ca nc Php, v xin sai quan ra gi ly thnh tr. Triu nh bn sai quan
nguyn H Ninh tng c l Trn nh Tc lm Khm sai i thn, quan Tnh bin ph s l Nguyn
Hu lm ph khm sai, ra H Ni cng vi i t Henri Rivire thu xp mi vic. i t tr
thnh H Ni cho quan ta, nhng vn ng qun trong Hnh cung. Hai bn thng ngh mi. i t
i 4 khon :
3 - t thng chnh Bc K
l ngi mnh c hay c tnh li, cho nn mi i ku cu ngi ta, ch khng bit rng ngi Tu
gi nc Tu khng xong cn i cu ai c. Tuy vy, khng nhng ngi Tu khng cu c mnh
m li cn mun nhn dp mn ting sang ly nc mnh. Xem nh khi thnh H ni tht th, quan
tng c Lng Qung l Trng Th Thanh lm mt s v tu vi vua nh Thanh, i lc ni rng :
"nc Nam v nc Tu tip gip vi nhau m th lc nc Nam tht l suy hn, khng c th t ch
c na, vy ta nn mn ting sang nh gic m ng gi cc tnh thng du. i khi c bin th
ta chim ly nhng tnh v pha bc sng Hng H". Bi vy triu nh nh Thanh mi sai T Knh
Bu, ng Cnh Tng em qun sang ng Bc Ninh v Sn Ty, sau li sai quan b chnh
Qung Ty l T Din Hc em qun sang tip ng.
Chnh ph Php trc cng mun thu xp dn dn cho xong vic bo h nc Nam, v cho khi s
chin tranh, nhng sau thy Triu nh Hu khng chu, li thy c qun Tu sang ng cc tnh,
bn mt mt sai ng Charles Thomson sang lm thng c Nam K, thay cho ng Le Myre de
Vilers v Php; mt mt tip qun cho i t Henri Rivire v triu quan khm s Rheinart Hu v.
Nguyn trc i t Henri Rivire H Ni ch c 400 lnh, sau li tip c 750 ngi na, i t
bn i y Berthe de Villers vi 400 qun li gi H Ni, cn bao nhiu em i nh Nam nh.
Ngy 28 thng 2 nm Qu Mi (1883), th qun Php khi s nh thnh. nh t sng dn tra th
qun Php vo thnh; quan tng c V Trng Bnh b chy, quan c L Vn im t trn, quan
n st s H B n b thng.
5. i t Henri Rivire b cht.
Quan ta thy qun Php tin binh, v li cy c qun Tu sang cu, bn quyt i th ha ra th
cng. Mt mt quan tng c Bc Ninh l Trng Quang n cng vi quan ph kinh lc Bi n
Nin em binh v ng Gic Gch, thuc huyn Gia Lm chc sang nh H Ni. i y Berthe de
Villers em qun H Ni sang nh ui, quan qun phi lui v pha Bc Ninh. Mt mt quan tit
ch Hong K Vim sai Lu Vnh Phc lm tin phong em qun v ng ph Hoi c, nh qun
Php.
Si Gn c tin i t Henri Rivire cht, vin thng c Thomson lin in v cho chnh ph Php
bit. Lc by gi Paris h ngh vin cn ang do d v vic nh ly Bc K. Khi tip c in
bo Si Gn v, ngh vin lin thun cho chnh ph trch ra 5 triu ri pht lng chi tiu v vic
binh ph, v li thun cho mt vin quan vn lm ton quyn, sang kinh l mi vic Bc K.
Chnh ph Php lin in sang truyn cho lc qun thiu tng Bouet Nam K ra thng c qun v
Bc K, sai Hi qun thiu tng Courbet em mt i chin thuyn sang tip ng v li c ng
Harmand l s thn Php Tim La ra lm ton quyn.
Ngy mng 3 thng 5, th thiu tng Bouet em 200 lnh ty, 300 lnh tp ra n Hi Phng. Lp tc
thiu tng sa sang s chng gi H Ni v Nam nh, v li cho Georges Vlavianos (ng Kiu)
l ngi theo Ph Ngha ngy trc, c php m lnh c vng i lm tin qun.
Quan ta em qun v nh qun Php H Ni, Hi Phng v Nam nh, nhng ch no cng tht
bi.
Qun ta by gi khng c thng nht, ai ng ln m c nm ba trm ngi cho mang gm mang
gio i nh, h phi vi ba pht n tri ph th x y nhau m chy; cn qun ca nh vua th
khng c luyn tp, sng i bc ton l sng c, sng tay th t v xu. Nh th th chng lm sao
c vi qun Php l qun quen nh trn v li c sng ng tinh nhu?
3. Ha c nm Qu Mi (1883).
4. Vic Bc K.
7. S nh ly cc tnh Bc K.
8. Ly tnh Sn Ty.
9. Ly thnh Bc Ninh.
12. Ha c Fournier.
y cng v thi i bin i m ngi mnh khng bit bin i, cho nn nc mnh mi thnh ra suy
i. V lc y ngoi Bc K th ri lon, trong Triu th quyn thn chuyn ch, bi vy cho nn
li sinh ra lm vic kh khn 171 .
Vua Dc Tng khng c con, nui 3 ngi chu lm con nui : trng l ng Dc c 172, phong
Thy quc cng, th l ng Chnh Mng, phong Kin giang qun cng, ba l ng Dng Thin. Khi
ngi sp mt, c di chiu ni rng : c tnh ng Dc c khng ng lm vua, m ngi mun lp
ng Dng Thin, nhng v ng y cn b, m vic nc cn phi c vua ln tui, cho nn phi lp
con trng. Ngi li cho Trn Tin Thnh, Nguyn Vn Tng v Tn Tht Thuyt lm ph chnh.
Ngy 12 thng 7, thiu tng Bouet ln nh qun C en mn lng Vng. Hai bn nh nhau non
ba ngy tri. Sau qun C en phi li ln ng n Phng. Nhng v lc by gi nc l ln to,
v nn qun Php khng tin ln c.
Qun Php tuy thng, nhng qun C en cn mnh, nn chi thiu tng Bouet phi in v Paris xin
thm qun tip ng.
Trong khi lc qun thiu tng Bouet tin qun nh ti Bc K, th hi qun thiu tng Courbet cng
vi vin ton quyn Harmand em tu vo nh ca Thun An, t ngy 15 n ngy 18 thng by th
thnh Trn Hi v. Quan trn thnh l L S, L Chun t trn, Lm Honh, Trn Thc Nhn th nhy
xung sng t t.
3. Ha c nm qu-mi (1883).
Triu nh thy s nguy cp, lin sai quan ra xin ha. Vin ton quyn Harmand bt quan ta phi gii
binh c mi ni, ri cng vi ng De Champeaux ln Hu ngh ha. Triu nh sai quan Hip bin
hu tr l Trn nh Tc lm khm sai ton quyn, v Nguyn Trng Hp lm ph, cng vi quan
Php hi ngh.
4. Vic Bc K.
Triu nh Hu nhn ha c xong ri, sai quan Li b thng th Nguyn Trng Hp lm Khm sai
i thn, quan Cng b Thng th Trn Vn Chun v quan Li b tham tri Hng Phi lm ph khm
sai, ra Bc K cng vi vin Ton quyn Harmand hiu d nhn dn v bi qun th cc ni.
Triu nh tuy c ch ra truyn cho quan ta phi rt qun v Hu, nhng quan ta cn nhiu ngi mun
nc Tu m chng gi vi qun Php, cho nn khng ai phng ch. Bi vy cuc chin tranh Bc
K mi khng xong c.
Trong Hu th vua Hip Ha cng mun nhn chnh sch bo h cho yn ngi vua, nhng cc quan
c nhiu ngi khng chu, v li thy Nguyn Vn Tng v Tn Tht Thuyt chuyn ch thi qu,
mun dng k m tr b i, bn i Nguyn Vn Tng sang lm Binh b Thng th, Tn Tht
Thuyt lm Li b Thng th, bt binh quyn ca Tn Tht Thuyt.
Hai ngi thy vua c lng nghi, s lu thnh v, bn vo tu vi b T D Thi hu lp ng
Dng Thin l con nui th ba vua Dc Tng, ri bt vua Hip Ha em ra ph ng Dc c cho
ung thuc c cht. Vua Hip Ha lm vua c hn 4 thng, s gi l Ph .
Nguyn Vn Tng v Tn Tht Thuyt git vua Hip Ha ri, li thy quan Ph chnh Trn Tin
Thnh khng theo mnh, cng sai ngi git nt.
7. S nh ly cc tnh Bc K.
Vin Ton quyn Harmand ra Bc K sa sang s cai tr, lp ra nhng i lnh tun cnh, tc gi l
lnh kh xanh, phng gi cc ni, v bi lnh c vng ca thiu tng Bouet cho m c my
trm, v nhng lnh y hay cp ph dn gian. Nhng v vin Ton quyn xm vo quyn quan binh,
cho nn thiu tng Bouet ly lm bt bnh.
8. Ly Sn Ty.
Ngy 25 thng 9, chnh ph Php in sang cho hi qun thiu tng Courbet lm thng c qun v,
kim chc Ton quyn Bc K. Vin nguyn Ton Quyn Harmand xin v Php.
T vic binh nhung, vic cai tr v vic giao thip, c tay thiu tng Courbet. Trong khi thiu
tng cn phi sa sang mi vic v i qun tip Php sang th quan ta em qun v nh Hi
Dng, t c ph x. Quan Php nghi tnh thn thng vi vn thn, bn bt y vo Cn Ln.
n khi thiu tng tip c qun bn Php sang, s qun Php Bc K by gi c hn 9000
ngi, thiu tng chia ra lm hai o, em c thy b tin ln nh thnh Sn Ty. nh t sng ngy
13 n ht ngy 16 mi h c thnh. Qun C en chng gi hng lm, nhng qun ta v qun Tu
thy sng ca Php bn ln mnh qu, u b thnh rt ln mn ngc, qun C en cng phi chy
theo. Trn y qun Php b 83 ngi t trn v 319 ngi b thng.
9. Ly thnh Bc Ninh.
Qun Php tuy ly dc Sn Ty, nhng qun Tu cng ngy cng sang ng, thiu tng phi ch
c qun tip thm mi i nh ch khc. Bn Php li sai mt l on174 sang Bc K v sai lc
qun trung tng Millot sang lm thng c qun v thay cho hi qun thiu tng Courbet.
Ngy 16 thng ging nm Gip Thn (1884), thng tng Millot sang nhm chc, thiu tng Courbet
c thng ln hi qun trung tng v li ra coi hi qun gi mt b. By gi qun Php c thy
c hn 1 vn 6 nghn ngi v 10 i pho th, chia lm 2 l on. Mt l on bn hu ngn
sng Hng H th ng H Ni, c thiu tng Brire de l Isle coi; mt l on bn t ngn sng
Hng H, th ng Hi Dng, c thiu tng De Ngrier coi.
Hai bn khi s nh nhau t ngy 11 thng 2 n ngy 16, th ly c p Cu. Qun Tu thy qun
Php chn mt ng ln Lng Sn, bn b Bc Ninh rt ln mn Thi Nguyn. Ti ngy 16, th qun
Php vo thnh Bc Ninh. Trn y qun Php ch mt c 8 ngi v 40 b thng m thi.
10. Ly Hng Ha. H dc thnh Bc Ninh v thnh Thi Nguyn ri, qun Php quay v mn sng
Hng H nh ly Hng Ha v Tuyn Quang. Thiu tng Brire de l Isle em l on th nht
theo con ng Sn Ty ln Hng Ha, ri dn trn bn ny sng Giang. Hai bn khi s nh
nhau t sng ngy rm thng 3, n 2 gi chiu ngy hm y th qun Php sang sng ch gn a ht
huyn Bt Bt. Chn gi sng ngy 16, th thiu tng De Ngrier em l on th nh tip n, c hai
l on cng hp lc tin ln nh. Qun Tu v qun C en thy th khng chng c, bn t c
ph x, ri b thnh Hng Ha rt ln mn ngc. Cn bn ng Hong K Vim th ko ln mn ni,
ri i ng thng o rt v Kinh. Tra ngy 17 th qun Php vo thnh Hng Ha. Lp tc thiu
t Coronnat em mt ton qun ln nh ph n Vng.
12. Ha c Fournier.
By gi tuy cc tnh mn trung chu t Bc K u thuc v quan Php cai qun c, nhng qun
Tu cn ng Lng Sn, Cao Bng v mn Lo Kay. Bi vy chnh ph Php mun dng cch giao
thip m trang tri vi nc Tu, chnh ph Tu nhn cuc bo h ca nc Php nc Nam cho
xong. Li nhn by gi c hi qun trung t Php tn l Fournier quen mt ngi nc c tn l
Dtring lm quan bn Tu coi vic thng chnh Qung ng. Dtring vn thn vi quan tng c
Trc l l L Hng Chng. Mt hm Dtring gp trung t Fournier ni chuyn vic ha vi nc
Tu. Dtring in v cho L Hng Chng bit. Hai bn u c mun ha cho m chuyn.
Chnh ph Php bn sai trung t Fournier ln Thin Tn cng vi L Hng Chng ngh ha. n
ngy 18 thng 4 nm Gip Thn (1884), th lp xong t ha c. i lc ni rng nc Tu thun rt
qun ng Bc K v, v t y v sau chnh ph Tu thun nhn t giao c ca nc Php lp vi
nc Nam. Ngha l nc Tu cho nc Php c t do xp t mi vic t Vit Nam.
Nc Vit Nam trc kia, t Nam ch Bc l mt, c ci tnh cch duy nht hn c cc nc khc.
Vn ha, lch s, phong tc, ngn ng u l mt c, m nay thnh ra ba x : Nam K, Trung K v
Bc K; mi k c mt chnh sch ring, lut l ring nh ba nc vy. Thm ch lc u ngi k ny
i sang k kia phi xin giy thng hnh mi i c. K ngha l x, l khu trong mt nc, ch khng
c ngha l nc.
Mt nc m tam phn ng lit ra nh th, tht l mt mi au lng cho ngi Vit Nam l dn mt
nc c mt lch s v vang hng my nghn nm.
Triu nh lc by gi vic g cng do hai quan ph chnh l Nguyn Vn Tng v Tn Tht Thuyt
nh ot.
Tn Tht Thuyt l ngi tnh nng ny, d di, ai cng khip s. Nhng ti nng th km, m li nht
gan, cho nn a nghi v hay chm git. Nguyn Vn Tng l ngi Qung Tr, thi c nhn nm
T c th 5, tht l mt ngi c ti tr, gii ngh giao thip, nhng ch c tnh tham lam v li tn
nhn.
Hai ng y chuyn gi triu chnh. Quan li th tay ng Tng, binh quyn th tay ng Thuyt.
Nhng m thng vic g cng do ng Thuyt xui khin c. Trong Triu t hong thn quc thch cho
n cc quan, ai c iu g tri hai ng y l b giam chp hay l chm git c.
ng Thuyt th m quan phn ngha gi mnh, v thng hay tim dng nghi v ca vua; ng Tng
th chu tin hi l ca nhng ngi Khch, cho chng n em tin snh, l mt th tin nin hiu T
c, mng v xu, c bn Tu em sang, bt dn phi tiu. Ai khng tiu th phi ti. V lc y
vua hy cn tr tui cha bit g, cho nn hai ng y li cng chuyn ch lm na.
Vua Kin Phc ln ngi va c hn 6 thng, n ngy mng 6 thng 4 nm Gip Thn (1884) th
phi bnh mt 175, miu hiu l Gin Tng Ngh Hong .
Vua Kin Phc mt, ng l ra con nui th hai ca vua Dc Tng l ng Chnh Mng ln ni ngi th
phi. Nhng Tng v Thuyt khng mun lp ngi ln tui, s mnh mt quyn, bn chn ngi con
ng Chnh Mng l ng ng Lch, mi 12 tui, lp ln lm vua, t nin hiu l Hm Nghi.
Vin Khm s Rheinart trc t giy sang cho Triu nh Hu rng : Nam triu c lp ai lm vua,
th phi xin php nc Php mi c. Nhng Tng v Thuyt c t tin lp vua, khng cho vin
Khm s bit.
Vin Khm s thy vy, vit th ra H Ni. Thng tng Millot bn sai chc tham mu l i t
Guerrier em 600 qun v mt i pho binh vo Hu, bt Triu nh phi xin php lp ng ng Lch
ln lm vua. Tng v Thuyt lm t xin php bng ch nm gi sang bn Khm s. Vin Khm s
khng nghe, bt phi lm bng ch nho. n ngy 27 thng 6, i t v vin Khm s i ca chnh vo
in lm l phong vng cho vua Hm Nghi. Xong ri quan Php li tr ra H Ni.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 13
Chin Tranh Vi Nc Tu
1. Trn Bc L.
3. Trn n Ch v n Kp.
4. Trn Yn Bc.
1. Trn Bc L.
Thng tng Millot tip c tin qun Php thua Bc L, lin sai thiu tng De Ngrier em 2 i
i qun b, 2 i pho binh v mt ton cng binh i ng Ph Lng Thng qua lng Kp, ln tip
ng cho trung t Dugenne. Khi tip c qun ca trung t ri, thiu tng Millot triu thiu tng De
Ngrier v H Ni, ch lnh v qun bn Php sang.
Trung tng truyn lnh cho cc chin thuyn bn ln cc pho i v ph cc xng lm binh kh
Phc Chu, v li nh c chin thuyn ca Tu ng trong sng Mn Giang. Trung tng bn ph
Phc Chu ri em binh thuyn ra vy nh o i Loan.
3. Trn n Ch v n Kp.
c t lu, thiu tng Brire de l Isle tip c 6 nghn qun Php sang, s qun by gi c thy
c non 2 vn ngi, thiu tng bn chia ra lm 4 o i nh qun Tu v qun ta; thiu t
Servire em mt o qun ln mn ng Triu; trung t Donnier em mt o qun theo sng Lc
Nam n nh n Ch v n m; trung t Defoy em mt o qun ln mn sng Thng; thiu t
Mibielle v thiu tng De Ngrier th ng i n Lng Thng. Ngy 20 thng 8, qun Php tin
ln ng n Ch, n Bo Lc v n Kp. Qun Tu chng li c mt ngy, m qun hai bn
nh nhau n Kp hng hn c. Qun Tu cht c n 2 000 ngi; cn bn qun Php th thiu
tng De Ngrier b thng chn, 27 ngi t trn v 100 ngi b thng. Qun Tu cht hi mt
nhiu ngi, phi b n Kp, n Bo Lc v n Ch chy lui tr v.
Mn ng bc, qun Tu lui, thiu tng Brire de l Isle bn sai i t Duchesne em 700 qun ln
nh qun C en ca Lu Vnh Phc mn Tuyn Quang v li sai trung t Berger em qun ln gi
Thi Nguyn.
4. Trn Yn Bc.
Kp, nhng vn cn ng a ht Lng Sn v Qung Yn. n trung tun thng 11, qun Tu li v
ng An Chu, thiu tng De Ngrier em qun b v qun pho binh i theo t ngn sng Lc
Nam ln nh qun Tu ni Bp. Qun Tu cht n hn 600 ngi, qun Php thit hi mt 19
ngi t trn v 65 ngi b thng.
Ly xong thnh Lng Sn, qun Php ngh ngi my ngy, ri li tin ln nh ng ng. Qun Tu
chy phn lm hai ng : mt ng chy ln Tht kh, mt ng chy ln i Nam Quan v Tu. n ngy
mng 8 thng ging nm t Du (1885), th thiu tng De Ngrier ln n ca Nam Quan, truyn ph
i quan, ri tr v gi Lng Sn.
Khi qun Php i nh mt Lng Sn, th qun Tu v qun C en mn sng Hng H v sng L
Giang li ko v nh Tuyn Quang. By gi qun Php trong thnh c thy hn 600 ngi, thuc
quyn thiu t Domin. T u thng mi nm Gip Thn (1884), qun C en ca Lu Vnh Phc
ko v ng gn ph Yn Bnh v ph oan Hng. n thng 11 th qun Tu gi cc ch him
yu, chn ng khng cho qun Php trung chu ln tip ng, ri Lu Vnh Phc em qun ln
nh thnh Tuyn Quang; nh mi n 15 thng chp mi vy c thnh. Qun C en dng k
d ph thnh, m qun Php trong thnh cng c ht sc chng gi.
Lc y qun Php ly c thnh Lng Sn ri, trung tng Brire de l Isle lin thiu tng De
Ngrier li gi thnh, n ngy mng 2 tt em qun i ng n Ch v H Ni, ri lp tc ln
cu Tuyn Quang. Ngy 13 thng ging nm t Du th ln n oan Hng ri sang sng Chy. Qun
Tu v qun Php giao chin t cho n ngy 16, mi gii c vy. Trn y qun hai bn thit hi
cng nhiu, nhng qun Tu khng ch c qun Php, phi vi vng gii vy m rt ln mn
ngc.
Thnh Tuyn Quang va gii vy xong, th Lng Sn li khi s giao chin. Qun Tu tuy thua
phi b thnh Lng Sn, nhng quan c Qung Ty l Phng T Ti vn ng i n Long
Chu, chc sang nh ly li Lng Sn.
Ngy mng 6 thng 2 nm t Du (1885), qun Tu sang nh ng ng, thiu tng De Ngrier
em qun ln cu, ri chc nh sang Long Chu. Qun Php nh trong 2 ngy, cht hi mt non 200
ngi. n mng 8, thiu tng rt qun v Lng Sn, cn nhng ngi b thng th em v n Ch.
Qun Php ng Lng Sn by gi c 35 000 ngi.
Ngy 13 th qun Tu trn sang nh K La, thiu tng De Ngrier b thng nng, phi giao quyn
li cho trung t Herbinger chng vi qun ch. Nhng by gi qun Tu sang ng qu, trung t
phi b thnh Lng Sn rt v Tun Mui, ri v n Ch v n Kp.
Trung tng Brire de l Isle tip c tin bi trn Lng Sn, lin in cho chnh ph Php xin
tip qun sang cu vin, v lp tc i tu ln n Ch phng s chng gi.
8. Ha c Thin Tn.
Bn Php tip c in tn ca trung tng Brire de l Isle nh v ni qun Php phi b thnh
Lng Sn, th lng ngi no ng c ln. Th tng Jules Ferry phi t chc. Chnh ph Php thy s
chin tranh khng li bn k t giao c nh chin vi nc Tu. Ri mt mt th truyn lnh cho s
thn nc Php Bc Kinh l ng Patentre lp t ha c vi chnh ph Tu; mt mt th cho qun
sang tip ng Bc K v sai trung tng Roussel de Courcy lm Thng c qun dn s v, trung
tng Warnel lm tham mu tng trng, cng vi thiu tng Jamont v thiu tng Prudhomme em
hai s on sang Bc K.
Chnh ph Tu thy chin tranh khng c li, bn thun k t ha c, v lp tc sai quan sang H
Ni truyn lnh cho qun Tu phi rt v. Ngy 27 thng 4 nm t Du (1883) l nm Quang T th
11, ng Patentre v ng L Hng Chng k t ha c, i lc ni rng nc Tu nhn cuc bo
h ca nc Php nc Vit Nam, v li ha thun bun bn nh c. Nc Php th tr li cc ch
m hi qun chim gi mt b, v thun b ci khon tin binh ph khng i na. Ngy hm
quan hai nc k t ha c Thin Tn, th hi qun trung tng Courbet phi bnh mt gn o
i Loan. Hi qun ca Php cng chiu theo iu c m rt qun v.
Trn Trng Kim
Vit Nam S Lc
Phn V : Cn Kim Thi-i
PV-Chng 14
Lon Trung K
5. Qun Cn vng.
6. Vua ng Khnh.
9. ng Paul Bert.
Vic nh nhau vi Tu xong, th tc l cuc bo h nc Nam thnh. Nhng cc ni, nhng quan
c ta cn chng nhau vi qun Php, m Hu th Nguyn Vn Tng v Tn Tht Thuyt chuyn ch
mi ng.
Thng 9 nm Gip Thn (1885), hai ng y em ng Dc c giam vo nh ti, khng cho n ung
cht i, ti cho l thng mu vi gic. Hai ng y li m qun tp lnh v lp n Tn S gn
Cam L thuc tnh Qung Tr, em bu ngc vng bc ra y, phng khi c vic g th em qun ra
chng nhau vi qun Php. Cng v cc ng y c mun khng c, cho nn qun Php
chim gi Mang C thnh Hu v li bt b sng i bc trn thnh i.
Hai ng y lc by gi cn ang lng ly, vic Triu chnh trong tay mnh c, m thy thng tng
lm s ng t nh th, cng tc gin lm, li c nh li my ng quan cu thn ni chuyn, th
ng Thuyt l quan vn lm tng v, nhng hnh dng th khng c thanh t : u th trc, ngi th
bo m en, cch i ng th khng c chng chc, s giao thip v i p th khng snh. Xa
nay th ch ly quyn th m nn ngi ta, hi mt t th ly s chm git lm oai. n khi phi ra
theo l bang giao m i vi mt ngi tng ngoi quc nh ng De Courcy th trong bng khip s
khng bit ra th no.
Tn Tht Thuyt thy quan Php ra oai nh th, phn th tc gin, phn th s, li nhn lc by gi mi
c im ng t, mi ngh bng rng y l im tri xui khin bn quyt sa son nh nhau.
Tra hm 22 cc quan C Mt Vin sang Khm s xin vo bn nh cho xong vic i ca chnh, ca
bn, nhng thng tng De Courcy khng tip. B T D Thi Hu sai quan em l vt sang tng
thng tng, thng tng cng khc i khng nhn.
Cc quan thy thng tng lm d di nh vy, u ng ngc khng hiu ra t g m khinh mn Triu
nh n nh th. Tn Tht Thuyt cng thy th cng ly lm tc gin, thi th sng cht cng liu mt
trn, ha may tri c gip k yu hn g chng? y l lc tng s lc by gi ai cng tng nh th,
cho n mi nh n na m khi s pht sng bn sang Khm s v nh tri lnh ca Php
Mang C.
Chiu hm y thng tng lm tic i cc quan Php. Tic va tan xong, th sng trong thnh n ra
ng ng, ri nhng nh chung quanh dinh Khm s chy, la rc tri. Qun Php thy bt thnh
lnh na m qun ta nh ph nh vy, cha bit ra th no, ch yn lng m chng gi. n sng
ngy 23 mi tin ln nh, th qun ta thua chy177. Nguyn Vn Tng cho ngi vo in tu xin
rc vua v cc b Thi Hu tm lnh ln Khim Lng 178. Khi xa gi ra gn n ca hu th gp
Nguyn Vn Tng chc sn i h gi, nhng lnh truyn cho Nguyn Vn Tng li thu
xp mi vic. Nguyn Vn Tng vng lnh tr li. Xa gi i qua lng Kim Long, ln n cha Thin
M, th Tn Tht Thuyt em qun chy n truyn rc xa gi quay tr v Trng Thi 179.
Xa gi n Trng Thi vo ngh c mt lt, th Tn Tht Thuyt li gic ln ng, ni rng qun
Php sp ui ti. Ti ngy 23, xa gi vo ngh nh mt ngi b h, sng ngy 24 ra i, n ti
mi ti thnh Qung Tr. Quan tun ph Trng Quang n 180 ra rc xa gi vo Hnh cung v t
qun lnh phng gi.
Trn nh nhau Hu, qun Php mt 16 ngi v 80 ngi b thng. Sch ty chp rng qun ta
cht n vi nghn ngi, cn bao nhiu kh gii lng thc v hn mt triu tin ca u mt c.
Ti Hu, c bui sng hm 23, qun Php chim ly thnh tr v gi gn cc ni. Cn quan ta, ngi
th i theo xa gi, ngi th n np mt ni, cha bit th no, cha ai dm ra. n tra hm y,
Nguyn Vn Tng vo n cm nh ng gim mc Caspard, ri nh ng y a ra th vi thng tng
De Courcy. Thng tng cho Nguyn Vn Tng ra Thng bc vin, giao cho i y Schmitz v
mt ton lnh Php phi coi gi, v hn cho trong hai thng phi lm th no cho yn mi vic.
Nguyn Vn Tng vit s ra Qung Tr xin rc xa gi tr v Kinh cho yn lng ngi. Nhng
lc y vua Hm Nghi v tam cung l b T D Thi hong thi hu, m c Dc Tng, b Hong thi
hu l v c Dc Tng v m nui vua Dc c, b Hong thi phi l v th c Dc Tng v m
nui vua Kin Phc, b Tn Tht Thuyt gn gi, s ca Nguyn Vn Tng gi ra vn an, ng y em
giu i khng cho vua bit. Ai cng mun xin rc xa gi ln Tn S, lo liu s khi phc. c T
D v hai b Thi hu nht nh khng chu i.
Ngy 27, Tn Tht Thuyt nghe tin c tu Php sp n, bn xin tam cung li Qung Tr v xin rc
vua ln Tn S. Khi sp i, vua Hm Nghi vo ly ba b Thi hu : tnh ly bit, ni su thm, k sao
cho xit ! Vua i khi mt gi ng h, th bn ni gim u tr li ni rng Tn Tht Thuyt khng
cho i. n ngy 28, th tam cung mi tip c tin ca Nguyn Vn Tng ra ni xin rc xa gi tr
v Hu, mi vic thu xp xong ri. B T D cho ngi i rc vua tr li cng v Hu, nhng
tm mi khng bit vua u, ch tip c th ca Tn Tht Thuyt gi v ni Nguyn Vn Tng
phn trc n kia, xin ng c nghe. Ngui bn i, k bn li, ai ny phn vn cha bit ra th no.
Ngy 30 li tip c s ca Nguyn Vn Tng ra gic xa gi tr v. c T D mi quyt v
Kinh, nh ngy mng 4 th ln ng, sai quan tun ph Trng Quang n em qun i h gi. n
chiu ti ngy mng 5, xa gi cc b Thi hu v n Khim cung. Nguyn Vn Tng dng s ln
thnh an v k tnh mi vic.
Trong khi vua cn i vng, thng tng De Courcy t ng Th Xun ln lm gim quc, giao quyn
binh b thng th cho vin Khm s De Champeaux, bi vic binh lnh ca ta i, v gi quan kinh
lc Bc k l Nguyn Hu v quan Tng c Nam nh l Phan nh Bnh v cng vi
Nguyn Vn Tng coi vic c mt. V hai ng y Bc K hiu mi vic v bit theo chnh
sch ca bo h, cho nn thng tng em v thu xp mi vic cho chng xong. Nguyn Vn Tng
v Nguyn Hu khng hp nhau, Nguyn Hu li tr ra Bc K.
5. Qun Cn Vng.
Tn Tht Thuyt Qung Bnh lm hch cn vng truyn i cc ni, bi vy ch tr nhng ch chung
quanh Kinh thnh ra, cn t Bnh Thun tr ra cho n Ngh An, Thanh Ha, ch no s dn cng ni
ln, cho dn bn o gy thnh mi lon, ri n t ph nhng lng c o. Sch ty chp rng t
u thng 6 cho n cui thng 8, dn bn o phi 8 ng c v hn 2 vn ngi b git.
Ngy mng 6 thng 8, ng Chnh Mng phi thn hnh sang bn Khm s lm l th phong, ri lm l
tn tn, t nin hiu l ng Khnh.
Vua ng Khnh tnh hin lnh, hay trang sc v cng mun duy tn, rt c lng ngi Php; nh
thn th nhiu ngi bit theo chnh sch ca bo h cho nn mi vic trong Triu u c yn n.
Nhng vua Hm Nghi cn mn Qung Bnh, ko c ngha chng nhau vi qun Php, truyn hch
cn vng mong ng khi phc. Lc by gi, lng ngi cn tng nh cha c, cho nn t tnh
Bnh Thun tr ra, ch no cng c ngi ni ln nh ph toan b khi phc.
quan sn phng s L Don Nh; Thanh Ha c H Vn Mao, v.v.. Nhng ngi y u xng ln
vic cn vng. em qun i hoc chim gi tnh thnh, hoc nh ly cc ph huyn, v t ph
nhng lng c o. Ti ngoi Bc th cc quan cu thn l quan c T hin, quan tn tng
Nguyn Thin Thut t hp Bi Sy, ri i nh ph mn trung chu, cn mn thng du, th
ch no cng c qun gic Tu quy nhiu. Bi vy qun Php phi chia binh ra chng gi cc ni.
By gi tuy Hu lp vua ng Khnh ri, nhng ng cu thn cn c nhiu ngi theo ph vua
Hm Nghi, quyt ch chng li vi qun Php. Quan Php bn sai i t Chaumont em qun ra ng
thnh Qung Bnh, chn ng khng cho ng Tn Tht Thuyt thng vi Bc K. Nhng mn
Thanh Ha, Ngh An, bn vn thn nh ph rt d. i t Chaumont bn i t Grgoire li gi
thnh Qung Bnh, ri tr v Nng ly thm binh v tu chin em ra ng thnh Ngh An, chia
qun i tun tiu cc ni.
Tn Tht Thuyt thy th khng chng ni qun Php bn b vua Hm Nghi li n V, thuc huyn
Tuyn Ha (tn c l Qui Hp Chu) tnh Qung Bnh, ri cng vi c Trn Xun Son i ng
thng o, ni rng sang cu cu bn Tu 182.
Vua Hm Nghi by gi phi n np vng huyn Tuyn Ha c cc con Tn Tht Thuyt l Tn Tht
m v Tn Tht Thip cng vi c L Trc v Nguyn Phm Tun183, ht sc gi gn v em
qun i nh ph mn Qung Bnh v H Tnh.
Thng ging nm Bnh Tut (1886), trung t Mignot em qun Bc k vo Ngh An, ri chia lm hai
o : mt o th thiu t Pelletier em lnh tp theo sng Ngn su vo mn Tuyn Ha; mt o th
trung t Mignot t em qun i ng quan l vo gi thnh H Tnh, ri vo ng sng Gianh.
Nhng qua sang thng hai, ngoi Bc K c vic, v li vin thng dc Paul Bert sang n ni,
chnh sch i li c, cho nn mi trit cc o qun v, ch ng gi Qung Kh, Roon v ch
n m thi. Qun vn thn thy qun Php rt v, li tr v ng cc n c.
9. ng Paul Bert.
Ngy mng 5 thng 3 nm Bnh Tut (1886), vin thng c Paul Bert sang n H Ni. Lp tc t
ph Thng s Bc k v s kim sot v vic ti chnh. n cui thng 3 th thng c vo yt kin
vua ng Khnh Hu, v xin lp nha Kinh lc Bc K, cho quan Kinh lc i s c quyn
cng vi ph Thng s t tin lm mi vic. V rng ngoi Bc vo n Hu ng x xa xi, c
vic g phi tu bm vo B mt nhiu ngy gi lm, bi vy xin cho c t tin lm vic, ri trong
mt nm vi k em cc vic tu v vua bit.
Chnh ph Php sai ng Bihourd sang lnh chc thng dc Php thay ng Paul Bert.
1. Vic nh dp cc ni
4. Lp n Minh-cm
5. Vua Hm-nghi b bt
6. Vua Thnh-thi
7. S nh dp Bc-k
1. Vic nh dp cc ni.
Trong khi thng-c Paul Bert xp- t mi vic Bc-k, th Trung-k qun Cn-vng cc tnh
vn nh ph. Qun Php phi tm cch m nh-dp cho yn. mn Bnh-thun, Ph-yn th thiu-t
De Lorme v vin Cng-s Aymonier cng vi Trn b Lc em lnh ty v lnh Nam-k ra nh-
dp. Trn b Lc dng cch d- di, chm git rt nhiu, bi vy t Bnh-thun khng bao lu m
yn; ri em qun ra dp ng vn-thn Ph-yn v Bnh-nh, bt c c-nhn Mai xun Thng,
Bi in, Nguyn c Nhun em chm. T thng 6 nm bnh-tut (1886) n thng 6 nm inh-hi
(1887), th nhng tnh pha nam t Kinh-k dp yn.
2. Vua ng Khnh ra Qung Bnh . t Trung-k t Qung-tr tr ra cha c yn. Vua ng-khnh
bn nh ra tun th mt bc, d vua Hm-nghi v nhng quan i thn v cho yn vic nh-dp.
Qun Php sai i-y Henry Billet i h-gi.
Ngy 16 thng 5 nm bnh-tut (1886), xa-ga Kinh i ra, mi n cui thng 7 mi ti Qung-bnh.
Xa-ga i n u th ng cu thn vn khng phc, c em qun n chng-c, cho n vic vua i
tun-th ln y, khng c kt-qa g c. Ra n Qung-bnh th vua ng-khnh yu, c vi mi
ngy ri phi xung tu i ng hi o tr v Hu.
4. Lp n Minh Cm.
Triu-nh Hu thy dng cch ph-d khng c, bn ly quyn cho ngi Php tm k nh-dp.
Ngi Php cng bit l th-lc ca ng vua Hm-nghi chng c bao nhiu, ct tm ng m
chim dn a-th v mua chuc nhng a lm tay trong, th tt th no ri cng tr ht c, bi vy
cho nn khng dng n i binh.
T khi qun Php ng n Minh-cm, cc ng L Trc v Nguyn phm Tun phi lui ln m trn.
ng L Trc th ra mn H-tnh, ng Nguyn phm Tun th ln ng lng Yn-lc v pha sng
Gianh.
Qua thng 3, nh c do thm, bit ch ng Nguyn phm Tun ng, i-y Mouteaux bn em qun
ln vy lng Yn-lc, bn ng Nguyn phm Tun, trong khi bt , u b bt c. ng Nguyn phm
Tun phi n bn cnh sn, sng c my ngy th mt.
Qun Php tuy tr c ng Nguyn phm Tun nhng ng L Trc hy cn, v vn cha bit r
vua Hm-nghi ch no, sau c nhng ngi ra th, mch rng mun bt vua Hm-nghi th mu vi
tn Trng quang Ngc. Tn y l ngi bn-x y v t khi vua ra vng y n c vo hu
cn, v li l mt a kh- tiu-nhn, th chc c l mua chuc n c. i-y nh tm cch
thng vi tn Ngc, cho ngi i do-thm, bit c tn Ngc hin ng lng Ch-mc, bn em
qun ln vy lng y. Nhng khi ln n ni, tn Ngc thy ng, chy thot c. i-y sai tm
trong lng ch thy c mt b lo, i-y bn a ci th vit cho tn Ngc, nh b lo y a cho n,
ri rt qun v n Minh-cm.
c my hm k-dch nhng lng m trn v th n Minh-cm, i-y a cho chnh-tng nhng
dn y my lng thuc phin v my b go trng gi cho tn Ngc v nh bo n d vua Hm-nghi
v. Tn Ngc nhn nhng y v tr li xin ht lng gip ngi Php, nhng cn phi thong th,
s vic tit-l ra th khng thnh.
5. Vua Hm Nghi B Bt . Qua thng ging nm mu-t (1888), vin i-t coi o qun Hu ra
Qung-bnh, ri chia qun i tun-tiu, tm vua Hm-nghi v ui bt ng L Trc v ng Tn-tht
m. n thng 9 nm y, qun lnh mi-mt m khng thnh cng c. Qun Php toan rt v gi
nhng n gn mn b, bng dng c tn sut-i Nguyn nh Tinh hu cn vua Hm-nghi ra th
n Mang-c, pha trn n Minh- cm, v khai r tnh-cnh cng ch vua ng. Ngi Php bn sai
tn Tinh em th ln d tn Ngc v. c my hm tn Ngc v tn Tinh v tnh- nguyn xin i bt
vua Hm-nghi.
Ngi Php truyn cho bn tn Ngc phi lm th no bt sng c vua Hm-nghi, cn nhng ngi
khc h ai chng c, th c git i.
l ch vua Hm-nghi ng. n na m, khi chng n sng vo, th Tn-tht Thip cn ang ng,
hong ht cm gm nhy ra, th chng m cht. Vua Hm-nghi trng thy tn Ngc lm phn nh
vy, cm thanh gm a cho n v bo rng: "My git tao i, cn hn a tao v np cho Ty".
Ngi va ni dt li, th bn chng n c mt a ln ra sau lng m qung ly ngi ri dt thanh
gm ra. T khi ngi b bt ri, ngi khng ni nng g na.
Sng ngy hm sau, bn tn Ngc vng ngi ra n bn Ng-hai, ri em xung ci b, i mt hai ngy
mi v n n Thanh-lang, np cho vin i-y coi n y l ng Boulangier. i-y lp tc em
ngi v n Thun- bi ng t-ngn sng Gianh, gn ch n.
Vua Hm-nghi by gi 18 tui, quan Php ly vng- l m tip- i. Tuy vy ai hi g, ngi cng
khng ni, ch nht-thit chi rng mnh khng phi l vua.
Tn-tht m ngn H-tnh, nghe tin vua Hm-nghi b bt, bn hi c bn tng s li, truyn cho ra
th v lm n, ri vit hai bc th: mt bc dng vua Hm-nghi, xin tha li cho mnh lm ti
khng cu c vua, v mt bc gi cho thiu-t Dabat, ng n Thun-bi xin cho bn th-h ra
th. Vit xong th ri, Tn-tht m ni rng: "By gi ngi Php c mun bt ta th vo tm thy m
ta trong rng!". on ri tht c m t-tn 186 .
ng Tn-tht Thuyt lm i-tng m c-x ra mt cch rt hn- nht khng ng lm ngi trng-
phu cht no. Nhng hai ngi con th tht l bc thiu-nin anh-hng, c th che c ci xu cho
cha vy.
6. Vua Thnh Thi . Ngy 27 thng chp nm mu-t l ngy 28 thng ging nm 1888, vua ng-khnh
phi bnh mt, th 25 tui, lm vua c 3 nm, miu hiu l Cnh-tng Thun-hong-.
Hong cao Khi em qun i nh rit my mt. Bn vn-thn ngi th t trn, ngi th b bt.
Nguyn thin Thut chy sang Tu, sau mt Nam-ninh, thuc qung-ty. c Tt ra hng, phi y
sang thnh Alger, bn Algrie. Kiu v Lng tam K ra th c yn. Cai Kinh b bt, c
Ng ra th, Hong hoa Thm Yn-th cng ra th, c gi vng y, mi n nm 1909 mi b
nh ui, n nm 1912 mi b git.
Hong cao Khi i nh-dp c cng, v c chnh-ph bo-h cho lnh chc Bc-k Kinh-lc-s.
8. Vic Phan nh Phng . T nm k-su (1889) l nm Thnh- thi nguyn-nin cho n nm qy-t
(1893) l nm Thnh-thi ng-nin, t Trung-k khng c vic g quan-h lm. Cc quan cu-thn,
ngi th v th, ngi th n-np ch sn-lm. Ring ng Phan nh Phng th v n in V-
quang v pha bc huyn Hng-kh, thuc tnh Ngh-tnh, ri cho ngi i sang Tu, sang Tim, hc
c sng c n, i ngy khi s.
ng Phan nh Phng ngi tnh H-tnh, thi nh-nguyn v i vua Dc-tng, quan lm n chc
ng-s b bn quyn-thn l Nguyn vn Tng v Tn-tht Thuyt cch chc ui v. Sau ng y
ng u ng vn-thn chng c vi qun Php. ng khng nhng l mt ngi c ti vn-chng
m thi, m li l mt nh c thao-lc, sa-sang qun-lnh c c-ng, luyn-tp tng-s c k-lut,
cho nn i-y Gosselin lm quyn sch "Empire d Annam" c khen rng: "Quan nh-nguyn Phan
nh Phng c ti kinh-doanh vic qun-binh, bit luyn-tp s-tt theo php Thi-ty, o-qun mc
mt li, v eo sng kiu 1874, nhng sng y l sng ca ngi quan nh-nguyn c ra tht nhiu
m my-mc cng ht nh sng Php ch v lng sng khng x rnh, cho nn n khng i xa c".
n cui trung-tun thng 11 nm qi-t (1893), ng sai ngi n vy nh tn Trng quang Ngc
lng Thanh-lang, huyn Tuyn-ha, bt tn Ngc chm ly u bo-th v vic tn y lm s phn-
c. T qun ca quan nh-nguyn vy-vng mn Hng-kh, ng vn-thn c li v t hp
y.
By gi ngi Php khng mun dng i binh s no-ng lng ngi bn Php, cho nn ch sai
quan em lnh tp i nh. nh t cui nm qi-t (1893) cho n cui nm t-mi (1895) ngt 2
nm tri m khng dp yn c, qun-lnh cht hi cng nhiu. Bn Bo-h cng tm mi cch,
nh bo Hong cao Khi vit th d Phan nh Phng v hng cho xong cng khng c. Sau cng
Triu-nh Hu thy vic dai- dng mi khng yn, mi xin chnh-ph Bo-h sai quan Tng-c
Bnh- nh l Nguyn Thn lm Khm-mng tit-ch qun-v em qun ra tiu- tr. ng Phan nh
Phng lc by gi tui gi, m th-lc mi ngy mt km, li phi nay n ch ny, mai chy ch
kia, tht l lao-kh v cng, bi vy khi Nguyn Thn em qun ra n H-tnh, th ng phi bnh
mt ri. Nguyn Thn sai ngi ui nh tm thy m, o ly xc em v xin ngi Php cho em
t ly tro trn vi thuc sng m bn i. C ngi ni rng vic y tuy Nguyn Thn trc nh th,
nhng sau li cho em chn, v mun lm ci tang-chng cho ng phn-i vi chnh-ph Bo-h
l quan nh Nguyn mt ri. T ng vn-thn tan-v; ai trn i mt th thi, ai ra th th phi
v Kinh chu ti.
Nguyn Thn v Kinh c thng lm Ph-chnh thay ng Nguyn trng Hp v hu.
Ngi Vit-nam v hon-cnh, v tnh th bt-buc phi im hi lng ting, nhng lng i quc mi
ngy mt nng-nn, s ut-c au-kh mi ngy mt tng thm. Cho nn c cch nm by nm li
c mt cuc phin-ng, nh sau vic Phan nh Phng ri, c vic K-ng v vic Thin-binh vo
khong 1897-1898 vng Thi-bnh, Hi-dng, Bc-ninh v.v... Vo qung nm 1907 H-ni c
vic ng-kinh ngha-thc. Lc y c nhng ngi ch s nh Phan bi Chu, Phan chu Trinh, ngi
th khng s t ti, ng ln t-co s tham- nhng ca bn quan-li, ngi th ra ngoi-quc bn-ba
khp ni tm cch gii-phng cho nc. Nm 1908, Trung-Vit vng Ngh-Tnh v Nam- Ngha
c vic dn ni ln ku su. H-ni th c vic u-c lnh Php, ri Thi-nguyn, Hong hoa
Thm li ni ln nh ph .
Khi bn u-chu c cuc i-chin th bn ta li c vic nh-ph Sn-la v Sm-na v vic vua
Duy-tn mu s c-lp, b bt y sang o Runion. Th l nc Vit-nam by gi c ba ng vua
b y: vua Hm- nghi y sang x Algrie, vua Thnh-thi v vua Duy-tn y sang o Runion.
Cuc Bo-h lp xong, ngi Vit-nam v th bt-c-d phi chu, nhng phn nhiu ngi trong
lng cn mong khi-phc nc nh, cho nn chnh-ph Bo-h mt mt th lo vic phng gi, mt mt
lo m-mang cc cng-cuc kin-thit gy thm mi li. V ng phng-gi, th chnh-ph lp ra
nhng i binh bo-an, ly ngi bn-s lm lnh. Nhng lnh y i mt th nn dt c gii xanh v
mi tht lng xanh, cho nn tc gi l lnh kh-xanh. Lnh y do ngi Php cai-qun di quyn
quan cai-tr ngi Php, cho i canh gi cc dinh-th, cc cng-s, v cho i ng n cc ni
trong vng thn-qu, phng-gi trm cp. nhng ni him-yu th c lnh Php v lnh kh
ng. Lnh kh l mt th b binh ngi bn-x, cch n- mc cng nh lnh kh xanh, ch khc l
quai nn m mi tht lng . Nhng lnh y c c, c i do s-quan Php cai-qun di quyn
nh binh Php. Khi c vic g quan-h th em lnh Php v lnh y ra nh-dp.
V vic hnh binh v vic thng-mi, th chnh-ph Bo-h trc ht phi lo sa-sang v m-mang
thm ng-s cho tin s giao-thng. V rng c ng th khi hu s, vic nh-dp mi tin-li v
vic bun-bn cng nhn m c d-dng. Bi vy thot u tin chnh-ph m thng-cc, lp
xng lm tu thy ch hng-ha v hnh-khch i trong cc sng trong x.
Chnh-ph Bo-h li lo m-mang thm b-ci v pha Lo. Nguyn t Lo ngy trc vn thn-phc
nc Nam. Nhng ni nh Trn-ninh, Cam-mn, Cam-ct, v.v. v i vua Minh-mnh lp thnh
ph huyn v t quan cai-tr c. Nhng v sau nc ta suy-nhc li c vic chin-tranh vi nc
Php, cho nn nc Tim-la mi nhn dp m sang chin-gi ly. Sau c ngi Php tn l Pavie sang
d nc Lo nhn s bo-h ca nc Php, ri n u nm qu-t (1893), qun Php sang ly li
nhng t c thuc v nc Nam ta trc. By gi qun Tim-la mn Cam-mn git mt mt ngi
quan binh Php, ngi Php bn sai hi-qun em hai chic tu chin vo sng M-nam, ln u gn
thnh Bng-cc (Bangkok). Ngy 24 thng 8 nm y, nc Tim-la phi k, ha-c, nhng nhng
t Lo cho nc Php bo-h, hn trong mt thng phi rt qun ng bn t-ngn sng Mkong v,
li phi bi thng 2 triu pht-lng, v phi tr ti nhng ngi dm chng-c vi ngi Php.
Nm t-mi (1895), vin Tng-c ton-quyn Rousseau sang thay ng De Lanessan, thy cn nhiu
ni cha yn bn vay nc Php cho Bc- k 80 triu php-lng , chi-tiu v vic nh-dp v
m-mang.
Sch Vit Nam S-Lc ny chp n y hy tm ngng, sau c ti-liu y- v cc vic bin-
i nc Vit-Nam ny c r-rt hn, s lm tip thm 189 .
Vic chp lch-s cng nh vic dt vi dt la, dt xong tm no mi bit tm y tt hay xu, cn tm
ang dt, cha bit th no m ni c.
Mc d nc Vit-nam hin nay c hon ton c-lp nhng s hay-d tng-lai cha bit ra th
no? Song ngi bn-quc phi bit rng phm s sinh-tn tin-ha ca mt nc, l ci ch-
nguyn, s nhn-ni v s c-gng ca ngi trong nc. Vy ta phi ht sc m hc-tp, m gi ci
tm-tr cho bn-vng th chc tng-lai cn nhiu hi-vng. Nc Vit-nam ta c ci vn-ha chng
thua-km g ai, v li c mt lch-s v- vang, nu ta bit li-dng ci tim-lc c hu v ci tnh
thng-minh hiu hc ca ta theo thi m tin-ha, th sao ta li khng c ngy ni c ci ch ca
ng cha m dt thm mt on lch-s m-l hn trc?
9. i Nam thng ch
B. Sch Ch Php :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
167 Ph Ngha (Jean Dupuis) c lm quyn sch "Le Tonkin de 1872 1886) k nhng cng vic
ca ng y Bc Vit, v ni r tnh ca cc quan coi vic Sy Ph Si Gn lc by gi l th
no. Ta cng nh c sch y m k cu ra c nhiu vic rt l tng tn
169 c gi hiu cho rng nhng ngy thng chp trong sch ny l theo ngy thng Vit Nam ch
khng phi l theo ngy thng Ty.
171 Nhng chuyn trong Triu lc by gi, phn nhiu l ly quyn "Hnh Thc Ca", ca L Tn
Nguyn Nhc th. B y l mt ngi cung phi ca vua Dc Tng sau li lm th k cho b T D,
cho nn nhng vic trong triu b y bit r c r.
172 Dc c, Chnh Mng, Dng Thin l tn nh hc ca nhng ng Hong con nui vua Dc
Tng gi l Dc c ng, Chnh Mng ng, v.v.... Lc cc ng Hong y cha c phong th
ngi ta c ly tn nh hc m gi.
174 Mi mt l on (brigade) c hai v qun, chng by tm nghn ngi, c chc thiu tng
coi. Hai l on l mt s on (division), c chc trung tng coi.
175 C chuyn ni rng: Khi vua Kin Phc se mnh, nm trong in, m thy Nguyn Vn Tng
vo trong cung, ngi c qu mng. n ngy hm sau, th ngi ng thuc m mt.
177 Vic Tn Tht Thuyt nh qun Php Hu, s ta khng ni r s qun ta l bao nhiu. M sch
Ty c ni chp l 2 vn, c ni chp l 3 vn. Nhng c nhng ngi bit vic Hu lc by gi,
th qun ta c thy chng non 2 vn tr li, ch khng hn.
178 Khim Lng l lng ca vua Dc Tng, c khi gi l Khim Cung cng l y.
180 Trng Quang n trc lm tng c Bc Ninh, chng nhau vi qun Php, sau v Kinh phi
ging xung tun ph ra gi thnh Qung Tr.
181 Ngi La Sn, tnh H Tnh, con quan nguyn b chnh L Kin.
182 Tn Tht Thuyt i ng thng o ra vng Hng Ha ri theo thng lu sng ln Lai
Chu nng ta vo h iu. n lc nghe ting qun Php ln nh, lin b h iu m trn sang
Tu. Con chu h iu ni chuyn li rng: Khi Tn Tht Thuyt ln n Lai Chu cn c my chc
ngi i theo. Ln y mt , chm git gn ht. Xem nh th ng Thuyt l mt ngi cung di
m li nht gan. Mt ngi nh th m lm i tng gi nc, th ti g m nc khng nguy c
V sau cht gi Thiu Chu, thuc tnh Qung ng.
183 Sch ng Gosselin chp l Phm Thun. Nhng xt trong s nc th khng c ai lm Phm
Thun, ch c Nguyn Phm Tun trc lm tri ph, sau theo vua Hm Nghi chng c vi qun Ph,
ri b ng phi bt. Vy Phm Thun tc l Nguyn Phm Tun. nhiu vic, v li nay i kinh lc
ch ny, mai i kinh lc ch n, thnh ra kh lc suy nhc i, cho nn mi cm bnh nng, n
ngy rm thng 10 nm Bnh Tut (11 thng 11 nm 1886) th mt. Nh nc em linh cu v Php
mai tng.
184 Nhng chuyn ni v vic bt vua Hm Nghi l phn nhiu ly trong sch "Empire d Annam"
ca i y Gosselin, cho nn nhng tn lng tn t ni on ny vit khng c ng du. Nhng
i l nhng lng mng vng sng Giai, thuc huyn Tuyn Ha, tnh Qung Bnh.
185 Hin nay vua Hm Nghi cn Algrie, v ly mt ngi nc Php, c my a con.
189 Trc ti d b vit mt quyn sch ni theo sch ny. Ti thu nht c rt nhiu ti liu.
Chng may n cui nm bnh tut (1946) c cuc chin tranh H Ni, nh ti b t chy, sch v
mt sch, thnh ra nh phi b quyn s y m khng lm c na. thin-h hay sao? S c-ao
mong-mi nh th l ci ngha v chung c chng-loi Vit-nam ta vy.
Li cui: Cm n bn theo di ht cun truyn.
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