BY OPENING THIS FILE, USER / VIEWER DECLARES THAT THE INFORMATIONS BELOW ARE INTECLECTUALY BELONGS TO THE R

THIS FILE PREPARED BY FAIZAL AGUNG RIYADI

RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+JB
Credits : EduMine - Professional Development and Training for Mining and the Geosc

A. Classification Parameters and Their Ratings

Parameter Range of Values
A1. Strength of Intact Rock Material ( see Field Estimates )
Point-Load
Strength Index > 10 MPa 4 - 10 MPa 2 - 4 MPa

Uniaxial Compressive
> 250 MPa 100 - 250 MPa 50 - 100 MPa
Strength
Rating JA1 15 12 7

A2. Drill Core

Quality - RQD 90% - 100% 75% - 90% 50% - 75%
( see RQD )
Rating JA2 20 17 13

A3. Spacing of
>2m 0.6 - 2m 200 - 600 mm
Discontinuities
Rating JA3 20 15 10

A4. Condition of Very rough surfaces Slightly rough surfaces Slightly rough surfaces

Discontinuities Not continuous Separation < 1 mm Separation < 1 mm

( see E ) No separation Slightly weathered Highly weathered walls

Unweathered walls
wall rock
Rating JA4 30 25 20

A5. Groundwater
Inflow per 10 m tunnel length
None < 10 25-Oct
(L/min)
Joint water pressure/
0 < 0.1 0.1 - 0.2
Major principal
General Conditions Completely dry Damp Wet
Rating JA5 15 10 7
B. Rating Adjustment for Discontinuity Orientations ( see Tunnelling )( see Dam Foundations )
Strike and Dip Orientations Very Favorable Favorable
Tunnels and Mines 0 -2
Rating JB Foundations 0 -2
Slopes 0 -5

C. Rock Mass Classes Determined from Total Ratings

Rating 100 - 81 80 - 61
Class No. I II
Description Very good rock Good rock

D. Meaning of Rock Classes

Class No. I II
Average stand-up time 20 yr for 15 m span 1 yr for 10 m span

Cohesion of rock mass (kPa) > 400 300 - 400

Friction angle of rock mass (deg) > 45 35 - 45

E. Guidelines for Classification of Discontinuity Conditions**

Discontinuity Length (persistence) <1m 1-3m

Rating 6 4
Separation (aperture) None < 0.1 mm
Rating 6 5
Roughness Very rough Rough
Rating 6 5
Infilling (gouge) None Hard Filling < 5 mm
Rating 6 4
Weathering Unweathered Slightly weathered
Rating 6 5

F. Effect of Discontinuity Strike and Dip Orientation in Tunnelling***

Strike perpendicular to tunnel axis Strike parallel to tunnel axis

Drive with dip - Dip 45 - 90 Drive with dip - Dip 20 - 45 Dip 45 - 90 Dip 20 - 45
Very favourable Favourable Very unfavourable Fair
Drive against dip - Dip 45 - 90 Drive against dip - Dip 20 - 45 Dip 0 - 20 - Irrespective of strike
 Fair Unfavourable Fair

*(after Bieniawski 1989)

**Some conditions are mutually exclusive. For example if infilling is present, the roughness of the surface will be overshadowed by the influ
***Modified after Wickham et al (1972)

Assessment of Joint Orientation Favorability

Upon Stability of Dam Foundations
Dip 0 - 10 Dip 10 - 30 Dip 30 - 60
Dip Direction
Upstream Downstream
Very favorable Unfavorable Fair Favorable
Note: This table is based on experience and consideration of stress distribution in foundation rock masses. It assumes both the arch and the e

The initial in-situ state of stress is not considered here, as in dam foundations in-situ stresses are mainly important when considering grouting

Rock Quality Designation*

RQD Rock Quality Classification
< 25% Very Poor
25 - 50% Poor
50 - 75% Fair
75 - 90% Good
90 - 100% Very Good

The RQD is defined as the cumulative length of core pieces longer than
10cm in a run divided by the total length of the core run.

*(Deere, 1989)

Field Estimates of Uniaxial Compressive Strength

Uniaxial Point Schmidt
Compressive Load Hardness
Term
Strength Index (Type L -
(MPa) (MPa) hammer)
R5
Extremely > 250 > 10 50 - 60
Strong

R4
100 - 250 10-Apr 40 - 50
Very
Strong
 R3 Strong 50 - 100 4-Feb 30 - 40

R2
Medium 25 - 50 2-Jan 15 - 30
Strong
R1
25-May ** < 15
Weak
R0
Very 5-Jan **
Weak

Extremely Weak 0.25 - 1 **

*Well interlocked crystal fabric with few voids

**Rocks with a unixaial compressive strength below 25 Mpa are likely to yield highly ambiguous results under point load testing
TUALY BELONGS TO THE RESPECTIVE AUTHOR AND EDUMINE AS A DATA SOURCE.

JA4+JA5+JB
ng and the Geosciences

e of Values

For this low range -

1 - 2 MPa uniaxial compressive
test is preferred

25 - 50 MPa 5 - 25 MPa 1 - 5 MPa

4 2 1

25% - 50% < 25%

8 3

60 - 200mm < 60 mm

8 5

Slickensided surfaces or Soft gouge > 5 mm thick or

Gouge < 5 mm thick or Separation > 5 mm

Separation 1 - 5 mm Continuous
Continuous

10 0

25 - 125 > 125

0.2 - 0.5 > 0.5

Dripping Flowing
4 0
ons )
Fair Unfavorable Very Unfavorable
-5 -10 -12
-7 -15 -25
-25 -50 -60

60 - 41 40 - 21 < 21
III IV V
Fair rock Poor rock Very poor rock

III IV V
1 wk for 5 m span 10 h for 2.5 m span 30 min for 1 m span

200 - 300 100 - 200 < 100

25 - 35 15 - 25 < 15

3 - 10 m 10 - 20 m > 20 m

2 1 0
0.1 - 1.0 mm 1 - 5 mm > 5 mm
4 1 0
Slightly rough Smooth Slickensided
3 1 0
Hard Filling > 5 mm Soft Filling < 5 mm Soft Filling > 5 mm
2 2 0
Moderately weathered Highly weathered Decomposed
3 1 0
be overshadowed by the influence of the gouge. In such cases use A.4 directly.

Dip 60 - 90

Very favorable
umes both the arch and the effects of gravity have an effect on a dam structure.

nt when considering grouting, draina

h
Field Estimate
of Strength
Examples*

Rock material only fresh basalt, chert,

chipped under repeated diabase, gneiss,
hammer blows granite, quatzite

Amphibolite,
Requires many blows of sandstone, basalt,
a geological hammer to gabbro, gneiss,
break intact rock granodiorite,
specimens limestone, marble
rhyolite, tuff
 Hand held specimens Limestone, marble,
broken by a single blow phyllite, sandstone,
of a geological hammer schist, shale

Firm blow with

Claystone, coal,
geological pick indents
concrete, schist.
rock to 5mm, knife just
shale, siltstone
scrapes surface
Knife cuts material but
chalk, rocksalt,
too hard to shape into
potash
triaxial specimens
Material crumbles under
firm blows of geological highly weathered or
pick, can be scraped altered rock
with knife

Indented by thumbnail clay gouge

point load testing

 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+J
Rock Mass Rating System*
*(after Bieniawski 1989)
A. Classification Parameters and Their Ratings
Parameter Range of Values
A1. Strength of Intact Rock Material ( see Field Estimates )
Point-Load
Strength Index > 10 MPa 4 - 10 MPa 2 - 4 MPa

Uniaxial Compressive
> 250 MPa 100 - 250 MPa 50 - 100 MPa
Strength
Rating JA1 15 12 7

Field Estimates of Uniaxial Compressive Strength

Uniaxial Point Schmidt
Compressive Load Hardness
Term
Strength Index (Type L -
(MPa) (MPa) hammer)
R5
Extremely > 250 > 10 50 - 60
Strong
R4
Very 100 - 250 4 - 10 40 - 50
Strong

R3 Strong 50 - 100 2-4 30 - 40

R2
Fairly
25 - 50 1-2 15 - 30
Strong

R1
5 - 25 ** < 15
Weak
R0
Very
1-5 **
Weak

Extremely Weak 0.25 - 1 **

*Well interlocked crystal fabric with few voids

**Rocks with a unixaial compressive strength below 25 Mpa are likely to yield highly ambiguous results under point load testing
JA4+JA5+JB

SCORE HERE
e of Values JA1

For this low range -

1 - 2 MPa uniaxial compressive
test is preferred

25 - 50 MPa 5 - 25 MPa 1 - 5 MPa

4 2 1

h
Field Estimate
of Strength
Examples*

Rock material only fresh basalt, chert,

chipped under repeated diabase, gneiss,
hammer blows granite, quatzite
Amphibolite,
Requires many blows of sandstone, basalt,
a geological hammer to gabbro, gneiss,
break intact rock granodiorite,
specimens limestone, marble
rhyolite, tuff
Hand held specimens Limestone, marble,
broken by a single blow phyllite, sandstone,
of a geological hammer schist, shale

Firm blow with

Claystone, coal,
geological pick indents
concrete, schist.
rock to 5mm, knife just
shale, siltstone
scrapes surface

Knife cuts material but

chalk, rocksalt,
too hard to shape into
potash
triaxial specimens

Material crumbles under

firm blows of geological highly weathered or
pick, can be scraped altered rock
with knife

Indented by thumbnail clay gouge

point load testing

 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+J

A2. Drill Core

Quality - RQD 90% - 100% 75% - 90% 50% - 75%
( see RQD )
Rating JA2 20 17 13

Rock Quality Designation*

RQD Rock Quality Classification
< 25% Very Poor
25 - 50% Poor
50 - 75% Fair
75 - 90% Good
90 - 100% Very Good
The RQD is defined as the cumulative length of core pieces longer than
10cm in a run divided by the total length of the core run.
*(Deere, 1989)

A3. Spacing of
>2m 0.6 - 2m 200 - 600 mm
Discontinuities
Rating JA3 20 15 10
JA4+JA5+JB

SCORE HERE
25% - 50% < 25% JA2
JA3
8 3

60 - 200mm < 60 mm

8 5
 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+J

A4. Condition of Very rough surfaces Slightly rough surfaces Slightly rough surfaces
Discontinuities Not continuous Separation < 1 mm Separation < 1 mm

( see E ) No separation Slightly weathered Highly weathered walls

Unweathered walls
wall rock
Rating JA4 30 25 20

E. Guidelines for Classification of Discontinuity Conditions**

Discontinuity Length (persistence) <1m 1-3m

Rating 6 4

Separation (aperture) None < 0.1 mm

Rating 6 5
Roughness Very rough Rough
Rating 6 5
Infilling (gouge) None Hard Filling < 5 mm
Rating 6 4
Weathering Unweathered Slightly weathered
Rating 6 5
**Some conditions are mutually exclusive. For example if infilling is present, the roughness of the surface will be overshadowed by the influ
JA4+JA5+JB

Slickensided surfaces or Soft gouge > 5 mm thick or SCORE HERE

Gouge < 5 mm thick or Separation > 5 mm
JA4
Separation 1 - 5 mm Continuous
Continuous

10 0

3 - 10 m 10 - 20 m > 20 m

2 1 0

0.1 - 1.0 mm 1 - 5 mm > 5 mm

4 1 0
Slightly rough Smooth Slickensided
3 1 0
Hard Filling > 5 mm Soft Filling < 5 mm Soft Filling > 5 mm
2 2 0
Moderately weathered Highly weathered Decomposed
3 1 0
be overshadowed by the influence of the gouge. In such cases use A.4 directly.
 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+J

A5. Groundwater
Inflow per 10 m tunnel length
None < 10 25-Oct
(L/min)
Joint water pressure/
0 < 0.1 0.1 - 0.2
Major principal
General Conditions Completely dry Damp Wet
Rating JA5 15 10 7
JA4+JA5+JB

SCORE HERE
25 - 125 > 125
JA5

0.2 - 0.5 > 0.5

Dripping Flowing
4 0
 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+

B. Rating Adjustment for Discontinuity Orientations ( see Tunnelling )( see Dam Foundations )
Strike and Dip Orientations Very Favorable Favorable
Tunnels and Mines 0 -2
Rating JB Foundations 0 -2
Slopes 0 -5

F. Effect of Discontinuity Strike and Dip Orientation in Tunnelling***

Strike perpendicular to tunnel axis Strike parallel to tunnel axis

Drive with dip - Dip 45 - 90 Drive with dip - Dip 20 - 45 Dip 45 - 90 Dip 20 - 45
Very favourable Favourable Very unfavourable Fair
Drive against dip - Dip 45 - 90 Drive against dip - Dip 20 - 45 Dip 0 - 20 - Irrespective of strike
Fair Unfavourable Fair
***Modified after Wickham et al (1972)

Assessment of Joint Orientation Favorability

Upon Stability of Dam Foundations
Dip 0 - 10 Dip 10 - 30 Dip 30 - 60
Dip Direction
Upstream Downstream
Very favorable Unfavorable Fair Favorable
Note: This table is based on experience and consideration of stress distribution in foundation rock masses. It assumes both the arch and the e

The initial in-situ state of stress is not considered here, as in dam foundations in-situ stresses are mainly important when considering grouting
+JA4+JA5+JB

ons ) SCORE HERE

Fair Unfavorable Very Unfavorable JA5

-5 -10 -12
-7 -15 -25
-25 -50 -60

Dip 60 - 90

Very favorable
umes both the arch and the effects of gravity have an effect on a dam structure.

nt when considering grouting, draina

 RMR = JA1+JA2+JA3+JA4+JA5+JB

C. Rock Mass Classes Determined from Total Ratings

Rating 100 - 81 80 - 61
Class No. I II
Description Very good rock Good rock

D. Meaning of Rock Classes

Class No. I II
Average stand-up time 20 yr for 15 m span 1 yr for 10 m span

Cohesion of rock mass (kPa) > 400 300 - 400

Friction angle of rock mass (deg) > 45 35 - 45

RATINGS DESCRIPTION
JA1 0 Very Poor Rock (Class V)
JA2 0
JA3 0 Average standup time for 30 minutes for 1 m span
JA4 0
JA5 0 C (Kpa)
JB 0
<100
RMR 0
JA4+JA5+JB

60 - 41 40 - 21 < 21
III IV V
Fair rock Poor rock Very poor rock

III IV V
1 wk for 5 m span 10 h for 2.5 m span 30 min for 1 m span

200 - 300 100 - 200 < 100

25 - 35 15 - 25 < 15

DESCRIPTION

es for 1 m span

Phi ()

<15