Professional Documents
Culture Documents
naturalproductsinsider.com
US$39.00
Buyers Guidebook
Astaxanthin Acquisition
Researching and choosing the best astaxanthin
ingredients for supplements and functional foods
by Sandy Almendarez
Underwritten by:
Astaxanthin
Buyers Guidebook
Table of Contents
SECTION I
Astaxanthin Acquisition............................................................ 3
SECTION II
Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook............................................... 9
SECTION III
Astaxanthin Ingredient Listing ............................................. 16
Natural Products INSIDER | Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook
Copyright 2016 Informa Exhibitions LLC. All rights reserved. The publisher reserves the right to accept or reject any
PAGE advertising or editorial material. Advertisers, and/or their agents, assume the responsibility for all content of published
2
advertisements and assume responsibility for any claims against the publisher based on the advertisement. Editorial
contributors assume responsibility for their published works and assume responsibility for any claims against the publisher
based on the published work. Editorial content may not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. Materials contained
on this site may not be reproduced, modified, distributed, republished or hosted (either directly or by linking) without our
prior written permission. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of content.
Buyers
You may, however, download material from the site (one machine readable copy and one print copy per page) for your
personal, noncommercial use only. We reserve all rights in and title to all material downloaded. All items submitted to Guidebook
Natural Products INSIDER become the sole property of Informa Exhibitions LLC.
Astaxanthin Acquisition
Researching and choosing the best astaxanthin
ingredients for supplements and functional foods
by Sandy Almendarez
Astaxanthin gives salmon and lobster their rich pink and red hues, but most
consumers want the health benefits of the antioxidant-rich carotenoid without sucking
on seafood every day.
Research has shown astaxanthin helps immune,1 brain,2 heart,3 skin,4 sexual5 and
eye6 health. Further studies have demonstrated astaxanthins ability to improve exercise
endurance7 and reduce inflammation.8
Thankfully, astaxanthin can be sourced in less fishy ways. But, it mostly comes from
the waters.
According to the American Botanical Council (ABC), most commercially available
astaxanthin is harvested from algae. Specifically, Haematococcus pluvialis, a freshwater
species of chlorophyta, is often cultivated for its astaxanthin content.
Natural astaxanthin exist in a variety of organisms, such as shrimp shell, crab shell and
red yeast, but the content of astaxanthin in those is very low, and the extraction process
is very complicated, said Carol Cheow, general manager of sales and marketing,
Cactus Botanics, who said her company sources its astaxanthin from H. Pluvialis.
H. pluvialis life cycle comprises two stages: a green, motile, vegetative stage in which
the cells continuously divide and synthesize chlorophyll; and a red, non-motile resting
stage where cell division stops, chlorophyll content remains constant, and astaxanthin
content and cellular dry weight continuously increase, according to a U.S. patent (no.
6022701) issued to Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel, in 2000.
The optimal environmental and nutritional conditions required for these two stages
Natural Products INSIDER | Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook
are quite different, the patent authors noted. For vegetative growth, full nutrient
medium, moderate light intensity, and adequate temperature and pH are essential.
For the resting stage, however, no nutrient (except carbon) is required and higher light
intensity (e.g., sunlight) is necessary for faster astaxanthin accumulation. Due to such
discrepancies, the two stages must be separated into different cultivating systems with
different media accordingly.
Astaxanthin suppliers that work with naturalrather than syntheticastaxanthin
produce the initial phase of H. pluvialis in closed cultured systems, and then transfer the
microalgae to an open pond or photobioreactors.
Cyanotech Corp., which has been commercially producing microalgal products for
more than 21 years, harvests H. pluvialis on the Kona Coast of the Big Island of Hawaii
PAGE
to create its BioAstin astaxanthin. The initial production of H. pluvialis takes place in
3 closed culture systems, according to Cyanotechs website, followed by a five- to
seven-day reddening cycle conducted in 500,000-liter open culture ponds. After the
reddening cycle, the cultures are harvested, washed and dried. Then, the company
uses supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) to extract the astaxanthin in an oleoresin form.
In contrast, the second stage of BGGs astaxanthin (AstaZine) is cultivated in a
closed photobioreactor system in the Yunnan Province in southern China. BGGs
website said this design avoids microbial contamination and enhances control of the
culture conditions and process.
Cyanotch countered that closed culture production of microalgal products dont
eliminate contamination. Closed culture systems can and are contaminated by
unwanted algae, fungi and protozoa, according to the Cyanotech website. When this
does occur, elimination of the biological contamination in closed culture systems can be
very difficult because of the high surface area and many nooks and crannies in such
systems. The company further noted that its
closed culture systems and open pond systems Every small change of the
have been designed to minimize contamination. environment, such as light,
As shown in a SupplySide documentary, BGGs
temperature and PH, will make
process starts with H. pluvialis being grown in a
sterilized beaker filled with a growth medium, which [the microalgae] unhappy.
stays in an incubation room for one week. The Eric Pan, director and chief
mixture is then transferred to outdoor technology officer, Ginkgo Asta, BGG
phtotobioreactor panels, where the algae receive
food and sunlight for additional incubation. Then, the mixture goes into a glass tube
system, which is housed outside, so sunlight can affect the process.
Every small change of the environment, such as light, temperature and PH, will make
[the microalgae] unhappy, said Eric Pan, director and chief technology officer, Ginkgo
Asta, BGG, in the documentary. The bloom of contamination like bacteria, mircoalge
and fungi will change their growth environment.
BGG allows the H. pluvialis to grow for one to two weeks in the glass tubes to allow it
Natural Products INSIDER | Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook
to reach its target concentration. To ensure temperatures dont get too high, BGG uses
a drip system of flowing water to cool the glass tubes where the algae is grown. BGG
uses enclosed photobioreactors and natural sunshine, as compared to other producers
who use open ponds susceptible to contamination, or indoor systems which use
artificial light, said Joe Huff, vice president of sales, BGG North America. BGGs algae
cultivation is located in a temperate climate with plentiful sunshine year round.
Algatechnologies manufactures natural astaxanthin using closed cultivation systems
exposed to natural sunlight. Then, Algatechnologies astaxanthin is extracted using
super-critical CO2 technology, obtaining 10-percent astaxanthin in oleoresin form, with
no solvent extractions, according to the company.
Likewise, Joe Kuncewitch, national sales manager, AstaReal USA (a Fuji Chemical
PAGE
Industry Group company), noted AstaREAL commercially cultivates its H. pluvialis algae
4 using bioreactors and fresh water microalgae. AstaReal is cultivated in Washington
state, which complements its facility near Stockholm, Sweden. Our Astaxanthin is
extracted in the United States, so even though we are a subsidiary of a Japanese
pharmaceutical company, our natural astaxanthin oil is 100-percent made in America.
H. pluvialis likes to grow in temperate climate, so China has become an ideal place for
cultivation, according to Cheow, who said Cactus Botanics algae growth base is in
southwest China.
4:28 / 12:13
Renewable Resource
While many natural resources need to contend with harvesting and environmental
concerns, Sustainability is one of the best features of astaxanthin (H. pluvialis
production), said Gen Lipkovicius, international marketing manager, PIVEG Inc. It is
produced rather than harvested from wild species.
This way, companies have a secure knowledge of how much they can produce and
moderate the effects of Mother Nature.
PAGE Huff agreed, noting BGGs natural astaxanthin is sustainable because its cultivated
5 from algae in photobioreactors, which is a controlled environment.
Correct Testing
To ensure products are contaminate-free, astaxanthin, like any ingredients designed
for use in supplements or functional foods, needs to be tested for purity and identity.
Cheow said the two methods to test astaxanthin are UV (ultraviolet) and HPLC
(high-performance liquid chromatography), noting Cactus Botanics uses HPTLC
(high-performance thin layer chromatography) to test its astaxanthin.
Potency and purity are key factors because its necessary to be sure of what
you are consuming, or, as a contract manufacturer, what you are going to put into
your final product, Kuncewitch said, noting that Fuji developed the astaxanthin assay
that was adopted by the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP)/FCC in their 2013 chemical codex.
There is an HPLC test available to all legitimate seekers that can readily identify the
source, potency and purity of their
astaxanthin product. The power of astaxanthin as an
However, Kuncewitch said some
antioxidant can be a pitfall in
companies test for astaxanthin using UV
testing for carotenoids. This method is formulation. Stability can be an
inaccurate, misleading and allows fringe issue as oxygen can react with the
suppliers to pass the sniff test without nutrient, causing it to lose potency.
much effort or vetting, he said.
PAGE
7
U.S. Astaxanthin Regulations
In April 2009, FDA approved astaxanthin as a color additive for fish feed,
and in 2000, FDA approved H. pluvialis algae meal and Phaffia yeast for
use in fish feed. For human supplementation in the United States, some
ingredients have obtained GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status
or have been submitted to FDA under new dietary ingredient notification
(NDIN) regulations, allowing them to be used as dietary ingredients.
In winter 2011, both Algatechnologies AstaPure astaxanthin brand
and Cyanotechs BioAstin earned GRAS status, allowing the ingredients
to be used in foods, beverages and supplements in the United States.
In September 2011, Cyanotech followed its GRAS status by announcing
it received a letter of no objection from FDA regarding its NDIN for a
12-mg/d dose of BioAstin, which further paved its acceptable use in
U.S. supplements. And in February 2013, Fuji Health Science Inc. also
reported a successful NDIN for its AstaREAL astaxanthin at 12 mg/d.
References
1. Nakagawa K et al. Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human
erythrocytes. Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun;105(11):1563-71. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510005398.
2. Liu X. and Osawa T. (2009) Astaxanthin Protects Neuronal Cells against Oxidative Damage
and is a Potent Candidate for Brain Food. Forum Nutr. Basel, Karger, 2009, vol 61, pp 129-
135. DOI: 10.1159/000212745.
3. Fassett RG and Coombes JS. Astaxanthin: a potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular
disease. Mar Drugs. 2011 Mar 21;9(3):447-65. DOI: 10.3390/md9030447.
Natural Products INSIDER | Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook
Diamond Bar, CA United States 91765 Xian, Shanghai Shi China 710016
Phone: (909)396 6700 Phone: +86-29-861-81961
www.pharmaxus.com SalesEmail: sales2@kingsci.com
www.kingsci.com
PIVEG Inc.
10455 Sorrento Valley Road Shandong Lanao Biotech Co. Ltd.
Ste. 101 Jinan New Material Industrial Park
San Diego, CA United States 92121 -, Shandong Sheng China 250000
Phone: (858)436-3070 Phone: +86-531-62331337
SalesEmail: roberto.espinoza@piveg.com SalesEmail: service-lanao@hotmail.com
www.piveg.com www.lanao-china.com
PAGE
13
Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook 2016
Shanghai Freemen Americas LLC Taiyo Intl. Inc.
377 Hoes Lane 5960 Golden Hills Drive
Ste. 240 Minneapolis, MN United States 55416
Piscataway, NJ United States 08854 Phone: (763)398-3003
Phone: (732)981-1288 SalesEmail: billd@taiyoint.com
SalesEmail: li.haisong@freemen.sh.cn www.taiyointernational.com
www.shanghaifreemen.com
TOYOND USA
Shanghai Seebio Biotech Inc. 2885 Sanford Ave. S.W., Ste. 27660
Office No. 502, Building 11, Grandville, Zhejiang Sheng China 49418
Lane 299, Bisheng Road, Phone: +86-18-657-179188
Zhangjiang High-Tech Park,Pudong SalesEmail: sales@toyond.com
Shanghai, Shanghai Shi China 201204 P.R www.toyond.com
Phone: +86-21-50272981 ext.6515
SalesEmail: foodadd@seebio.cn Trafa Pharmaceutical Supplies Inc
www.seebio.cn 138-14273 Knox Way
Richmond, BC Canada V6V 2Z4
Siddharth Intl. Phone: (604)562-4449
Green House, 2nd Fl. Green St. SalesEmail: sales@trafapharmasupplies.com
Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400023 www.trafapharmasupplies.com
Phone: +91-22-226-63119
SalesEmail: vishal@siddhint.com Valensa Intl.
www.siddhint.com 2751 Nutra Lane
Eustis, FL United States 32726
Sino Bio-Tech Co. Ltd. Phone: (352)357-2004
601 Century Pkwy., Ste. 300 SalesEmail: uma@valensa.com
Allen, TX United States 75013 www.valensa.com
Phone: (469)361-3361
SalesEmail: info@nutralifeusa.com Viatal a ZMC Company
www.nutralifeusa.com 2160 N. Central Road
Ste. 111
Natural Products INSIDER | Astaxanthin Buyers Guidebook
PAGE
16