Mathematics revision sheet for class 11 and

class 12 physics

April 9, 2012

Differentiation
We have two quantities x and y such that y = f (x) where f (x) is some

function of x.We may be interested in finding followings things

dy
1. dx

2. Maximum and Minimum values of y.It can be find with the method of

Maxima and Minima

dy
dx
is the called the derivative of y w.r.t to x

It is defined as
dy
y
dx
= limx0 x Some commonly known functions and their derivatives

are:-
d(xn )
dx
= nxn1
d(sinx)
dx
= cosx
d(cosx)
dx
= sinx

1
d(tanx)
dx
= sec2
d(cotx)
dx
= cosec2
d(secx)
dx
= secxtanx
d(lnx) 1
dx
= x
d(ex )
dx
= ex
Some important and useful rules for finding derivatives of composite

functions
d dy
1. dx
(cy) = c dx where c is constant
d da da
2. dx
(a + b) = dx
+ dx
where a and b are function of x
d db da
3. dx
(ab) = a dx + b dx
da db
d a [b dx a dx ]
4. ( )
dx b
= b 2

dy dy da
5. dx
= ( da )( dx )
d y 2 dy
d
6. dx 2 = ( dx )( dx )

Maximum and Minimum values of y

Step 1: fine the derivative of y w.r.t x
dy
( dx )

Step2 : Equate
dy
dx
=0
Solve the equation to find out the values of x

Step3: find the second derivative of y w.r.t x and calculate the values of
d2 y
dx2

for the values of x from step2

d2 y
if dx2
> 0 then the value of x corresponds to mimina of y then ymin can be

2
find out by putting this value of x
d2 y
if dx2
< 0 then the value of x corresponds to maxima of y then ymax can be
find out by putting this value of x

Integration

Z b
I= f (x)dx
a

It reads as integration of function f(x) w.r.t. x within the limits from x=a

to x=b.
Integration of some important functions are
R
sinxdx = cosx
R
cosxdx = sinx
R
secx dx = tanx
R
cosecx dx = cotx
R 1
x
dx = lnx
n+1
x dx = xn+1
R n

R x
e dx = ex

Useful rules for integration are

R R
cf (x)dx = c f (x)dx
R R R
[f (x) + h(x)] = f (x)dx + h(x)dx
R R R R
f (x)g(x)dx = f (x) g(x)dx f (x) g(x)dx dx

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