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 Concept of Derivative

y = f(x)
A
Slope of the tangent
at A is the derivative
Definition

Derivative of Slope of tangent at

y = f(x) at point A = point A on the curve
 Notation of Derivative
Slope of tangent of the curve at x = x0
dy
is denoted as OR f ′(x0)
dx x = x0

y = f(x)
A

x0
Derivative of y = x2 on
Graph Paper
Derivative of y = x2 on
Graph Paper

(2 , 3)

(1,1) 3 –( –1) = 4

( 0 , –1)
2– 0 = 2
 y2 –
Slope = y1
x2 – x1

4
= = 2
2
Slope of the tangent (1,1) is 2
i.e., the Derivative is 2

dy
=2
dx
(1,1)
Are we going to find the derivative at a
point always using a graph paper ?
 Derivative of some standard
functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n
1. x =
dx
d
Eg 1 : (x3) =
dx

Eg 2 : d 1 =
dx x
 Derivative of some standard
functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n
1. x = n xn–1
dx
x∈ R , n∈ R , x > 0

d
Eg 1 : (x3) = 3x2
dx

1 d –1
Eg 2 : d = (x–1) = –x–2 = 2
dx x dx x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of Exponential and
logarithmic function
d
2. (ex) =
dx
d
3. (ax) =
dx
d (ln |x|)
4. =
dx
d (log |x|)
5. a =
dx
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of Exponential and
logarithmic function
d
2. (ex) = ex
dx
d
3. (ax) = ax ln a
dx
d (ln |x|) 1
4. = x
dx
d (log |x|) 1
5. a = loga e
dx x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of
Trigonometric functions
d
6. (sin x) = cos x
dx
d
7. (cos x) = –sin x
dx
d 2
8. (tan x) = sec x
dx
d
9. (cot x) = –cosec2x
dx
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of
Trigonometric functions
d
10. (sec x) = sec x ⋅ tan x
dx
d
11. dx (cosec x) = –cosec x ⋅ cot x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of inverse
trigonometric functions
d 1
12. (sin–1 x) =
dx √(1 – x2)
d –1
13. (cos–1 x) =
dx √(1 – x2)
d 1
14. (tan–1 x) =
dx 1 + x2
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of inverse
trigonometric functions

d –1
15. (cot–1 x) =
dx 1 + x2
d 1
16. (sec–1 x) =
dx ⎟ x⎟√ (x2– 1)
d –1
17. dx (cosec–1 x) =
⎟ x⎟√ (x2– 1)
 DIFFERENTIATION BY
TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

Function Substitution
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
Theorems on Derivatives
 Theorems on Derivatives

d d d
1. { f(x) ± g(x) } = f(x) ± g(x)
dx dx dx

e.g d (sin x – cos x) d d

= (sin x) − dx (cos x)
dx dx
= cos x + sin x
d d d
(x + x2) = (x) + (x2) = 1 + 2x
dx dx dx

d d
2. (k f(x)) = k f(x)
dx dx
e.g d
(2 ex) = 2
d
(ex) = (2 ex)
dx dx
Practice Questions
Q1. Differentiate the following
functions w.r.t. x
x4 – 2 sin x + 3 cos x
Solution :

Differentiate w.r.t.
x
dy d d d
= x4 – 2 sin x + 3 cos x
dx dx dx dx
= 4x3 – 2 cos x + 3 (– sin x)

dy
= 4x3 – 2 cos x – 3 (sin x)
dx
Q2. ex log a + ea log x + ea log a
Solution :

y = e x log a + e a log x + e a log a

y = a x+ x a + a a
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
dy d d d
x
a + a
x + (a a)
=
dx dx dx dx
= a x log a + ax a – 1 + 0

dy
= a x log a + ax a – 1
dx

e B log = AB
A
 2 5 7
Q3. If y = x9 – x + 6x3 – x,
3 7
dy
find at x = 1
dx
Solution :
2 9 5 7
y = x – x + 6x3 – x
3 7
Differentiating w.r.t.
x,
dy 2 d 9 5
= x –
dx 3 dx 7
d 7 d 3 d
= x +6 x – x
dx dx dx
dy 2 d 9 5 d 7
= x – x
dx 3 dx 7 dx
d 3 d
+6 x – x
dx dx
Solution :

dy 2 5
= (9x8) – (7x6) + 6 (3x2) – 1
dx 3 7
dy
= 6x8 – 5x6 + 18x2 – 1
dx
at x = 1
dy
= 6(1)8 – 5(1)6 + 18(1)2 – 1
dx
= 6 – 5 + 18 – 1
dy
= 18
dx
Q4.
Solution :
Q5. Find for the following
function
Solution :
Q6. Find the derivative of function
y = 1 + x + x2 + …..+ x50 at x = 1.
Solution :
Q7.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
Solution :
Q7.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
Q8. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … + x100,
then f’(1) is equal to

A 150

B -50

C -150

D 50
Q8. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … +x100,
then f’(1) is equal to

A 150

B -50

C -150

D 50
Solution :
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