PROBLEM 2.

49

KNOWN: Steady-state temperature distribution for hollow cylindrical solid with volumetric heat
generation.
FIND: (a) Determine the inner radius of the cylinder, ri, (b) Obtain an expression for the volumetric
rate of heat generation, q, (c) Determine the axial distribution of the heat flux at the outer surface,
qr ro , z , and the heat rate at this outer surface; is the heat rate in or out of the cylinder; (d)
Determine the radial distribution of the heat flux at the end faces of the cylinder, qz r, z o and
qz r, z o , and the corresponding heat rates; are the heat rates in or out of the cylinder; (e)
Determine the relationship of the surface heat rates to the heat generation rate; is an overall energy
balance satisfied?

SCHEMATIC:
+zo = 2.5 m
T(r,z) = a + br2 + cln(r) + dz2 r(m), z(m)
Insulated a = 20oC
z c = -12oC
boundary b = 150 C/m d = -300oC/m2
o 2

k = 16 W/m-K
-zo = 2.5 m
r
0 ri ro = 1 m
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Two-dimensional conduction with constant
properties and volumetric heat generation.
ANALYSIS: (a) Since the inner boundary, r = ri, is adiabatic, then qr ri , z 0. Hence the
temperature gradient in the r-direction must be zero.
T
0 2bri c / ri 0 0
r ri
1/ 2 1/ 2
c 12C
ri 2
0.2 m <
2b 2 150C / m

(b) To determine q, substitute the temperature distribution into the heat diffusion equation, Eq. 2.26,
for two-dimensional (r,z), steady-state conduction
1 T T q
r 0
r r r z z k
1 q
r r
r 0 2br c / r 0 0 0 0 2dz 0
z k
1 q
4br 0 2d 0
r k

q k 4b 2d 16 W / m K 4 150C / m 2 2 300C / m 2 0W / m3 <
(c) The heat flux and the heat rate at the outer surface, r = ro, may be calculated using Fouriers law.
T
q r ro, z k k 0 2bro c / ro 0
r ro
Continued
 PROBLEM 2.49 (Cont.)

q r ro, z 16 W / m K 2 150C / m 1 m 12C /1 m 4608 W / m

2

2
<

q r ro A r q r ro, z where Ar 2 ro 2zo
q r ro 4 1 m 2.5 m 4608 W / m 144, 765 W
2
<
Note that the sign of the heat flux and heat rate in the positive r-direction is negative, and hence the
heat flow is into the cylinder.

(d) The heat fluxes and the heat rates at end faces, z = + zo and zo, may be calculated using Fouriers
law. The direction of the heat rate in or out of the end face is determined by the sign of the heat flux in
the positive z-direction.

At the upper end face, z = + zo: <

T
q z r, z o k k 0 0 0 2dz o
z z
o

q z r, z o 16 W / m K 2 300C / m 2
2.5 m 24, 000 W / m 2
<
q z z o A z q z r, z o A r
2 2
where z o ri

q z z o 1 0.2
2 2
m 2 2
24, 000 W / m 72, 382 W <
Thus, heat flows out of the cylinder.
At the lower end face, z = - zo: <
T
q z r, z o k k 0 0 0 2d( z o )
z zo

q z r, z o 16 W / m K 2 300C / m 2.5 m 24, 000 W / m

2 2
<
q z z o 72, 382 W <
Again, heat flows out of the cylinder.

(e) The heat rates from the surfaces and the volumetric heat generation can be related through an
overall energy balance on the cylinder as shown in the sketch.

q(r,+zo) = +24,000 W/m 2

z
q z(r,+zo) = +72,382 W

z
q(r
r o
,z) = -4,608 W/m 2
qr(ro,z) = -144,765 W

r q(r,-zo) = -24,000 W/m 2

z
qz(r,-zo) = -72,382 W

Continued
 PROBLEM 2.49 (Cont.)

E in E out E gen 0 where E gen q 0

E in q r ro 144, 765 W 144, 765 W <

E out q z z o q z z o 72, 382 72, 382 W 144, 764 W <
The overall energy balance is satisfied.
COMMENTS: When using Fouriers law, the heat flux qz denotes the heat flux in the positive z-
direction. At a boundary, the sign of the numerical value will determine whether heat is flowing into
or out of the boundary.