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Kssem Noteas
Kssem Noteas
Always in the Production process there is a Long Felt need to improve the Quality of Product, Minimize
Rejection and Increase the Productivity per Person, to Cater to the Pressing Circumstances in the
GLOBALISED WORLD ECONOMY
The answer to this need is use of Special Purpose Machines (SPM) giving very High Productivity. The
theme can be Further Elaborated by doing a Full Scale Automation of the Industrial Process, wherever
Possible. The use of Special Purpose Machines (SPM)Page 75
BATC Rally 97
BATC RALLY 97
SUNDAY APRIL 27th
SPORTS CONNEXION COVENTRYThe DB6NT
amplifiers use surplus MGF1903B GaAs Fet that
were
obtained
Box of 10 U-matic tapes 20 and 30 m. size - 15.00
AutoCue computer unit, rackmount with two 3.5 drives - 12.50
Small Sync Pulse
Services.
Although the diagram shows high-tech
amplifiers being used, the design
will work without the amplifiers but with reduced
power output and
receive sensitivity, and therefore reduced range.
For further information on cross coupler
techniques, please refer to
Microwave Handbook Volume 3 pages 19.10 and
19.19. in the BATC Magazine. The other legally approved band which has the
capacity to transmit the bandwidth required, is 5.8 GHz. The
international agreement on this band limits the power to 25 milliwatt
with an expected range of 250 metres across an open path. To produce a
transmitter and receiver at this frequency could prove rather expensive to
implement. However, Phillips spotted an easy way to keep costs down by
moditying existing domestic Satellite equipment. Therefore, producing a
system for approx. 100 which could be on the market next year.
My main questions are:
Will we be subject to low power microwave transmissions seeping
through from next door? or perhaps from within?
Could we use the band legally for a quality RF video link to an ATV
transmitter?
Where have you seen interesting results from modifying LNBs and
Satellite equipment?
What components and circuits have been used?
I look forward to seeing this product should it reach the domestic market.
It could prove rather interesting !!
73 Paul G8YMM
I. Turning
k*V
N=
* D1
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
(L + A)
CT =
fr * N
C. Material Removal Rate (MRR or Q): Volume Removed
cutting time
* L (D12 - D22 )
MRR = 4L
fr N
D2 is Finished Diameter
Substituting for
N from above:
D1 - D2 D1 + D2
MRR = k f r V [ ]*[ ]
2 2 D1
D1 - D2
and: [ ] t
2
D1 + D2
[ ] 1
2 D1
Therefore:
MRR k V f r t
II. Boring
C: Material Removal Rate: as above except D1 is finished diameter while D2 is Initial (smaller)
diameter.
III. Facing, Slot Cutting or Cut Off
In facing, slot (plunge) cutting and cut off, the cutting speed for a given RPM decreases
as the tool progresses toward the center of the piece being cut. This follows since most (manual)
lathes cannot increase spindle speed (N) during cutting operations. Thus, the required N is
calculated as above using the outside (largest) diameter of the part for a given V.
A. Machine Speed
k* V
N =
* D1
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Cutting Time
(L + A)
CT =
fr * N
D1 D1 - D i
where: L is 2 for solids; 2 for tubes
Di is inside diameter
MRR k
2 f r tV
Terms Used:
N: RPM of Cutter
n: Number of Teeth on Cutter
W: Width of cut (may be full cutter or partial cutter)
t: depth of cut
V: cutting speed -- a Handbook value
L: Length of pass or cut
fm: Table (machine) Feed
ft: feed/tooth of cutter -- a Handbook value
D: Cutter Diameter
A. Cutting Speed:
kV
N =
D
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
f m = f t * N* n
C. Cutting Time:
L + LA
CT =
fm
LA = t(D - t)
Vol. Removed L* W* t
MRR = = = W* t* f m
CT CT
Remember that the length of approach calculated here puts the cutter against the work at the
start, we will add a small additional air gap to spin the tool to speed and allow the table to
achieve target feed rate before chip making begins. When determining cutting time and MRR,
care must be exercised. Ask yourself if total cutting time or time to make one pass across the
part is being requested, ie. is a single or multiple pass operation to be studied. Also, note that in
the MRR equation the cutting time term does not include the time of partial engagement (LA).
Again, if a multi-pass operation is being employed, the appropriate width term should be used in
the MRR equation.
V. Face (Vertical) Milling
Terms Used:
N: RPM of Cutter
n: Number of Teeth on Cutter
W: Width of cut (may be full cutter or partial cutter)
t: depth of cutter engagement
V: cutting speed -- a Handbook value
L: Length of pass or cut
fm: Table (machine) Feed
ft: feed/tooth of cutter -- a Handbook value
D: Cutter Diameter
LA: Approach Length
LO: Length of OverTravel
A. Cutting Speed:
kV
N =
D
If Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired, solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
B. Table Feed:
f m = f t * N* n
(L+ LA + LO )
CT =
fm
1. LA = LO = W(D - W)
D
2. LA = LO = 2
D
3. LA = 2 LO = - 0.5* D 2 - W 2
D
4. LA = LO = 2
Vol. Removed L* W* t
MRR = = = W* t* f m
CT CT
Again, the cautions on single vs. multiple pass CT and MRR apply as with Slab Milling.
Remember too, that the length of approach here puts the cutter against the work at the start, we
will add a small additional air gap to spin the tool to speed and allow the table to achieve target
feed rate before chip making begins. Also, care should be exercised with regards to units.
VI. Drilling
k is a Units Constant
D is Drill Diameter
V is cutting speed, a Handbook Value, if Cutting Speed for a given RPM rate is desired,
solve above equation for V: V = ND/k
(L + A)
CT =
fr* N
D
A is allowance; usually 2
f r is drill feedrate
L is length of Hole
Vol.Removed D2 Lf r N D2 f r N
MRR = = =
CT 4L 4
C. MRR is (again) Material Removal Rate
And note, no material is removed while the Drill travels through the Allowance Zone