Introduction to Wireless communication and Mobile Computing

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 Introduction to Wireless System
• Wireless communication is: -

• Transfer of infn without any physical connection between two or more points.

• This would often include collapsing distance or space

• involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables
or any other forms of electrical conductors.

• Is communication between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless
communication technologies and devices(mobiles, cordless technology, zigbee wireless
technology, GPS, satellite television, WIFI, wireless computers ,Bluetooth etc).

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 Features of Cellular Systems

• Wireless Cellular Systems solves the problem of spectral congestion and increases user
capacity.

• The features of cellular systems are as follows :-

• Offer very high capacity in a limited spectrum (range or band).

• Reuse of radio channel in different cells.

• Enable a fixed number of channels to serve an arbitrarily large number of users by reusing
the channel throughout the coverage region.

• Communication is always between mobile and base station (not directly between mobiles).
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 Wired and wireless communication
• In wireless systems, there
• In a wired communication system
do not exist any physical
there exists a physical media between media between the
transmitter and the
the transmitter and the receiver.
receiver.
• For wired communication systems
we don’t need any antenna to • An antenna is an essential
part of wireless
transmit or receive the signals as it is communication systems.
done using the physical media.

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 Wired and wireless communication(con’t…)
• In such systems, information is
sent in form of electrical signals.
As now optical fibers are also
being used for high-speed
transmission, signals can also be
in the form of optical signals.
• Usually, wired communication
systems do not require the
modulation of signals.
• In wireless information is transmitted
using electromagnetic waves. The
frequencies of these waves are
different for different applications.
• To transmit a signal in form of an
electromagnetic wave for wireless
communication, the signal must be
modulated with a high-frequency
signal.
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 Wired and wireless communication(cont’d…)
• A wired communication system is used
for short-distance communication
because as the length of the wire
increases the received signal quality
decreases.
• Though intercontinental
communication is also done using
underwater cables.
• Implementation of a wired
communication system is less complex
than a wireless communication system.
• The wireless communication
system is suitable for long-
distance communication.
• A wireless communication
system is more complex in
nature than a wired
communication system.
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 Advantage of wireless communication

• Wireless communication has several advantages; the most important

ones are discussed below:
• Cost effectiveness: Wired communication entails the use of
connection wires.
• In wireless networks, communication does not require elaborate
physical infrastructure or maintenance practices.
• Hence the cost is reduced.
• Example - Any company providing wireless communication services
does not incur a lot of costs, and as a result, it is able to charge
cheaply with regard to its customer fees.

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Advantage of wireless communication(cont’d…)

• Flexibility: Wireless communication enables people to communicate

regardless of their location.

• It is not necessary to be in an office or some telephone booth in order

to pass and receive messages.

• Miners in the outback can rely on satellite phones to call their loved
ones, and thus, help improve their general welfare by keeping them in
touch with the people who mean the most to them.
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 Advantage of wireless communication(cont’d…)
• Convenience: wireless communication devices like mobile phones are
quite simple and therefore allow anyone to use them, wherever they may
be.

• There is no need to physically connect anything in order to receive or pass

messages.

• Example - Wireless communications services can also be seen in Internet

technologies such as Wi-Fi. With no network cables hampering
movement, we can now connect with almost anyone, anywhere, anytime.
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 Advantage of wireless communication(cont’d…)

• Speed: improvements can also be seen in speed. The network connectivity

or the accessibility were much improved in accuracy and speed

• Accessibility: the wireless technology helps easy accessibility as the

remote areas where ground lines can’t be properly laid, are being easily
connected to the network.

• Example - in rural regions, online education is now possible. Educators

no longer need to travel to far-flung areas to teach their lessons. Thanks to
live streaming of their educational modules.
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 Advantage of wireless communication(cont’d…)

• Constant connectivity: constant connectivity also ensures that

people can respond to emergencies relatively quickly.

• Example – A wireless mobile can ensure you a constant

connectivity though you move from place to place or while you
travel, whereas a wired land line can’t.

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= is ratio of signal power to the noise
power, often expressed in decibels.

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Basic Terminologies in Cellular System

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Paging Systems

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 Modulation and Demodulation

• The process of superimposing a message signal on a carrier

signal so that the message can be transmitted over long
distances is called modulation.

• The modulation of a signal is performed at the transmitting

end in the communication system with the help of
a modulator circuit (a part of modem)

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 Modulation and Demodulation

• The process of obtaining the original message from the modulated

signal is called demodulation.

• In simple words, demodulation is the process of separating a message

signal from a carrier signal.

• The electronic circuit that is used to perform the demodulation process

is called demodulator, it is the part of the modem.

• The process of demodulation is performed at the receiver end of a

communication system. 29
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