INDIAN NATIONAL ASTRONOMY OLYMPIAD (INAO) 2016

QUESTIONS PAPER WITH SOLUION

Roll Number ; - - Date : 30th January 2016

Duration : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Please Note :
" Please write your roll number on top of this page in the space provided.

" Before starting, please ensure that you have received a copy of the question paper containing total 3 pages
(5 sides).
" There are total 9 questions. Maximum marks are indicated in front of each question.
" For all questions, the process involved in arriving at the solution is more important than the answer itself.
Valid assumptions / approximations are perfectly acceptable. Please write your method clearly, explicitly
stating all reasoning.
" Blank spaces are provided in the question paper for the rough work. No rough work should be done on the
answer-sheet.
" No computational aides like calculators, log tables, slide rule etc. are allowed.
" The answer-sheet must be returned to the invigilator. You can take this question booklet back with you.
" Please be advised that tentative dates for the next stage are as follows :
Orientation Cum Selection Camp (Senior) : 3rd May to 19th May 2016

Useful Physical Constants

Mass of the Earth ME # 6.0 24 kg
Radius of the Earth RE # 6.4 6 m
Speed of light c # 3.0 8 m/s
Astronomical Unit 1 A. U. # 1.5 11 m
Solar Luminosity L # 3.8 26 W

Gravitational Constant G# 20
3
11 m3kg1 s2
Avogadro constant Na # 6.0 23 mol1
Charge of an electron e # 1.6 19 C
Permeability for free space $0 # 4% 7 NA2
Stephan's Constant &= 17
3
8 Wm2K4
Radius of Neptune RN = 24622 km
!
Average Density of Neptune, 'N = 1.638 g cm3
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g1
Average calorific value of LPG gas # 5 4 kJ kg1
Approximate calorific value of methane # 5 4 kJ kg1
1. Satej is a twelve year old boy. He loves astronomy. Recently, he attended a sky observation workshop,
organized by the Amateur astronomers Club at a hill station, During the observation session, he was
introduced to Hercules, Taurus, Scorpius, Orion, Ursa Major, Gemini, Draco, Leo, Serpens and Virgo
constellations. He had sketched the stick figures of some of these constellations in his note book,
Unfortunately, he forgot to write the names of the constellations for his sketches ? [9 Marks]

Sol. (a) Hercules

(b) Orion
(c) Leo
(d) Gemini
(f) Scorpius

2. In desperate times of depleting energy resources, Sandesh comes with an ingenious idea. He wishes to
use methane on Neptune to satisfy Earth's ever increasing energy needs but needs to work out a few
details. Help him to see of his idea is a good one by solving the following questions. [12 Marks]
(a) Estimate the total number of domestic LPG cylinders that can be filled up with methane from
Neptune.
(b) Estimate the net domestic consumption of LPG cylinders in a year in India Justify your approach in
arriving at this number. We hen extend the answer obtained to represent the earth.
(c) What is the approximate time-period, that methane brought from Neptune, can sustain the earth ?
Is Sandesh's idea good enough to satisfy Earth's energy needs ?
mgz
(
Sol. (a) P ) P0 e RT

RT
Height of atmosphere (H) =
mg

RT
because pressure at height becomes 37% of surface pressure :
mg

4
' %Rn3
GM 3
g= =G
Rn2 Rn2
 4%
= 'GRn
3
4% 20
= 3 11 6
3 3
= 11 m/s2
Density of atmosphere * 1.6 3 kg/ m2
Temperature of Neptune = 55 K
8.3 + 55
H= = 20 km
2.3 + 10 (3 + 11
Volume of Neptune atmosphere
= 4% (24.6 6)2 3
= 4%
15
= 1.5 20
Mass of methane = 1.5 20 3 2
= 3.69 21 kg
3.69 + 1021
Number of cylinder of LPG = * 2.5 20
15
(b) No. of cylinder use in India in a year for one family member of cylinder in a year = 12.
Total number of persons in India = 109
% used by persons = 50%, then number of cylinder will be used by India
N = 12 9 0.5 , 6 9 each year
(c) Number of years use of CH4 of Neptune

2.5 + 1020
Ny = * 4 10
6 + 109
=4 10 years

3. (a) Anjali is quite particular about noting down the daily earnings she makes in her side business, run
by her and her mother. She noticed that over a period of 5 consecutive days, the money she earned
daily, was basically the date multiplied by 10. She found the total money earned over these 5 days to
be Rs 630. What were the dates corresponding to those 5 consecutive days ? [5 Marks]
(b) What is the maximum value n for which 100! is divisible by 2n [5 Marks]
Sol. (a) The 5 days are : 28, 29, 1, 2, 3
(b)
2 100
2 50
2 25
2 12 Maximum number of power of 2 is = 50 + 25 + 12 + 6 + 3 + 1 = 97
2 6
2 3
1
297 = 2n - n = 97

4. A boat is a sailing on a river, parallel to a rectangular signboard propped up on the bank of the rive. A
search lamp on a flagpole on the top of the boat illuminates the signboard. The height of the lamp on the
boat is such that complete shadow of the signboard is cast on the ground. As the boat moves, a sailor in the
observation cabin of the boat starts seeing the clear shadow when the boat is at distance of about 100 m
from the signboard. The boat passes the signboard at a closest distance of 60 m. What will be the ratio of
the minimum area of the shadow to that of the maximum area of the shadow as the boat passes by ?
Explain your answer using very clear diagram/s. [10 Marks]
Sol.

a
h

"

60 cm x
x 60 . x
)
" h
60 "
hx = 60" + x" - x =
h("
4 60" 1
Area of shadow = 2 /a
3h("0
when distance is 100 cm :
100 "
x=
h("
4 100 " 1
Area of shadow = 2 /a
3h(" 0
100 5
Ratio of both shadow = )
60 3

5. In the figure given below, we have 3 lenses with the same focal length 10 cm, with the distance of
separation between each pair of the lenses being 30 cm. An object placed 20 cm from the first lens on
the left produces an image 10 cm from the right of the rightmost lens (See Figure). After the lens
assembly was moved by x cm to left, without moving the object, the image was again seen at the same
location. Find x. [6 Marks]
Lens Lens Lens

Object x cm

Image

20 cm 30 cm 30 cm 10 cm

Figure-
Ans. x = 10 cm
According to law's of reversibility when image work as object, object work as image.

6. Ayush measures the length of the shadow of a vertical meter stick in Kilimanjaro national Park to be 42
cm. What is the length of shadow subtended by Mount Kilimanjaro at the time ?[10 Marks]
The following constants and relations might be useful :
Height of Mt Kilimanjaro = 5895 m
Radius of Earth = 6400 km
arctan 0.42 = 22.782
sin 22.782
arcsin 0.3876 = 22.805
Please note that height of Mt. Kilimanjaro is not negligible as compared to radius of the earth. It is
obviously assumed that base of Mount Kilimanjaro is small enough for the shadow to fall on the earth
itself.
Sol.

5.895
7
6
7
6400
5
100

42

42
tan7 =
100
7 = 22.782
sin 22.782 sin 6
=
6400 6405.895
6 = 157.195
5 = 180 (6 + 7) = 0.023
8 0.023 9
Length of arch = 6400 : + 3.14 ; # 2.56 Ans.
< 180 =
7. A whistle in its rest frame has frequency of f0 Hz. The whistle is kept on the outermost edge of a Merry-
Go round (MGR) of radius a which rotates at a constant angular velocity >. Find out the frequency
heard f by a stationary listener standing on the ground at a distance d from the centre of the MGR and
also sketch qualitatively the graph of f v/s t when [16 Marks]
a. The listener is very far from the MGR.
b. The listener is standing close tot he MGR.
c. The listener is standing close to the MGR and the MGR starts moving such that its center is
revolving around the listener with angular speed ? in the same (say clockwise) direction as the
clockwise rotation of the MGR.
d. The listener is standing close to the MGR and the MGR starts moving such that its centre is
revolving around the listener with angular speed ? in the opposite (anti-clockwise) direction to the
clockwise rotation of the MGR.

Further calculate the time elapsed between the maximum frequency and minimum frequency hearings
in each of the cases.
Sol. (a)
C

B A
O
f0

Incident ray will be always parallel when source will at large distance. And at some time frequency will
be maximum, minimum and original. Original frequency is at A and B. Maximum when at D and
minimum for C
Equation of velocity :
V = Vmax cos>t
V = a> cos>t
4 V 1
f )2 / f0
3 V . a> cos >t 0
f

4 V 1 4 V 1
fmax = 2 / f0 fmin = 2 / f0
3 V >0 3 V . a> 0
%
@t = Ans.
>
a>
A 5

s 5
5
(b)
7
5

o
4 V 1
f )2 / f0
3 V . a> cos A 0
7 +25 = % ......(1)
5 + A = r2 ......(2)
From both A = 7/2
4 1 4 1
2 V / 2 V /
f )2 / f0 - f )2 / f0 Ans
22 V . a> cos 7 // 22 V . a> cos >t //
3 2 0 3 2 0
f

f0

t
(c) > is replace by (> + ?) in (b)
(d) i l b ( ?) i (b)
8. Dhruv has been accidentally locked in a container that is 2.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 6 m high. While
waiting to be rescued, he throws a ball at the wall opposite to him and watches it hit the wall, bounce
elastically back and forth between the walls before it hits the floor again. The vertical plane in which the
ball travels is parallel to the other walls. If the ball is thrown from the level of the floor with a speed of 20 ms
1,
the launch angle with respect to vertical being 60
wall being 1.5 m away, please calculate the following. [12 Marks]
(a) What would be the maximum height reached?
(b) After how long does the ball hit the floor again ?
(c) How many times would the ball hit the walls before it reached the maximum height ?
(d) With respect to the wall that he is leaning on, how far from wall would the ball be when it reached
the maximum height ?
Sol.

Maximum height

20 m/s

30
1.5 m
202 sin2 30
(a) H = =5m Ans.
2(10)
2(20)sin30
(b) T = = 2 sec. Ans.
10
202 sin 2(30
(c) R = = 20 3
10
But number of collision to reach at maximum height
810 3 9 8 39 9
N= : ; = : ; = 11
:< 1.5 ;= <3 =

10 3
(d) N1 = = 11.547 m
1.5
11

4 3

2 1
x

0 547

x = 1.5 0.547

= 0.6795 m
9. Ameya wishes to develop a simple device, which, when connected to the prime focus of a telescope,
will give a direct reading of the apparent magnitude of the object that the telescope is pointing at. He
has with him a set of data points relating the current obtained when light of a particular intensity falls on
the device as given in table ?? He is confident that once he gets the calibration curve, one that
connects the apparent magnitude of the object that he is looking at through the telescope, to the current
that he is measuring in his device. Please help him in drawing both the curves. Also, estimate the
current reading for Venus and Sirius if their apparent magnitudes are 4.43 and 1.46 respectively.
[15 Marks]
Note : The apparent magnitude m of a celestial object is measure of its brightness as seen by an
observer on Earth, adjusted to the value it would have in the absence of the atmosphere. The brighter
an object appears, the lower its magnitude value (i.e. inverse relation). Also, the magnitude scale is
logarithmic : a difference of one in magnitude corresponds to a change in brightness by a factor of
4B 1
about 2.5. The mathematical relation is given by m1 m2 = 2.5log 2 2 / . The reference point for the
3 B1 0
apparent magnitude scale is the star Vega. The intensity of Vega incident on earth is 2.18 85Wm2.
Some useful data for this questions.
Intensity Current Antilog values
x log(x)
8
10 Wm
2 nA 4.43
2 0.301 10 = 26195.34
5 25
1.46
9 41 3 0.477 10 = 28.84
17 73 4 0.602 1.772
10 = 59.16
21 89 5 0.699
0.584
33 137 6 0.778 10 = 3.84
37 153 7 0.845 10
0.443
= 2.77
45 185 8 0.903 0.146
49 201 9 0.954 10 = 1.40

Sol. Intensity (I 8) Current (C)

5 25
9 41
17 73
21 89
33 137
37 153
45 185
49 201
Calibration curve satisfies following equation :
C = 4I + 5
C
-I=
4

7
C
1
Tan7 )
4
5

For viga : I1 = 2.18 8 = B0 8 and m1= 0

- I0 = 2.18
8C 9
: 4 ;
0 m2 = 2.5 log : ;
: I0 ;
<: =;
8C 9
: 4 ;
m2 = 2.5 log : ; 2)
: I0 ;
:< ;=
m

For vinus : m = 4.43

8C 9
: 4 ;
m2 = 2.5 log : ;
: 2.18 ;
<: =;
C

4.43 4
= log
2.5 2.18 + 108
C

But consider only multiple 108 then 128 = 4 - C = (279 + 5) = 1136
2.18
C

1.46
For : = log 4 - C = 92.98 Ans.
2.5 2.18