Capital Adequacy

Compliance
 Objectives of Capital Adequacy Requirement

Fundamental objective for holding adequate capital by

banks

Strengthen the soundness of banks

Stability of the banking system

Provide a stable resource to absorb losses

Loss absorption capacity based on the business risk

 Capital Fund

Division of capital fund

Characteristics of instruments

Quality of instruments

Supervisory requirements
 Elements of Tier I Capital
Paid-up capital (ordinary shares)
Statutory reserves
Other disclosed free reserves
Perpetual non-cumulative preference shares (PNCPS)
eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital
Subject to laws in force from time to time
Innovative perpetual debt instruments (IPDI) eligible for
inclusion as Tier I capital
Capital reserves representing surplus arising out of sale
proceeds of assets
 Elements of Tier II Capital

Undisclosed reserves

Revaluation reserves

General provisions

Loss reserves

Hybrid capital instruments

Subordinated debt

Investment reserve account

 Undisclosed Reserves

Represent accumulations of post-tax profits

Not encumbered by any known liability

Not routinely used for absorbing normal loss

Not routinely used for absorbing operating losses

 Revaluation Reserve

Revaluation reserves at a discount of 55 per cent for Tier

II capital.

Disclosed in the balance sheet as revaluation reserves.

 General Provisions and Loss Reserves
Identifiable potential loss in any specific asset.
Available to meet unexpected losses.
Sufficient provisions have been made to meet all known
losses and foreseeable potential losses before
considering general provisions and loss reserves to be
part of Tier II capital.
General provisions and loss reserves considered up to a
maximum of 1.25 percent of total risk weighted assets.
 Floating Reserves

General in nature

Not made against any identified assets

Excess provisions which arise on sale of non performing

assets eligible for Tier II capital

Applicable ceiling 1.25% of total risk weighted assets

 Hybrid Debt Capital Instruments
Instruments that have close similarities to equity
instruments
Instruments that support losses on an ongoing basis
without triggering liquidation
Debt capital instruments eligible for inclusion as upper
Tier II capital
Perpetual Cumulative Preference Shares (PCPS)
Redeemable Non Cumulative Preference Shares
(RNCPS)
Redeemable Cumulative Preference Shares (RCPS)
 Subordinated Debt
Approval of the Board
Rupee-subordinated debt as Tier II capital
Maturity period initially less than 5 years
Subject to progressive discount

Maturity of the Instrument Rate of discount

Less then one year 100%
1 year > 2 years 80%
2 years > 3 years 60%
3 years > 4 years 40%
4 years > 5 years 20%
 Subordinated Debt

Fully paid up instruments

Unsecured instruments
Subordinated to the claims of other creditors
Free of restrictive clauses
Not redeemable at the initiative of the holder
Not redeemed without the consent of Reserve Bank of
India
 Investment Reserve Account
Provisions created on account of depreciation in
Available for Sale
Held for Trading
Excess profits recognized in the income statement
Equivalent amount net of taxes and net of transfer to
statutory reserves appropriated to an investment reserve
account
Revenue and other reserves disclosed in the balance
sheet
Investment reserve account (Tier II capital within the
overall ceiling of 1.25 per cent of total risk weighted
assets)
 Capital Funds of Foreign Banks

Tier I capital

Interest-free funds from Head Office kept in a separate

account in Indian books specifically for the purpose of
meeting the capital adequacy norms

Innovative instruments eligible for inclusion as Tier I

capital

Statutory reserves kept in Indian books

Remittable surplus retained in Indian books which is not

repatriable so long as the bank functions in India
 Capital Funds of Foreign Banks

Tier II capital

Elements of Tier II capital as applicable to Indian

banks.

Head Office (HO) borrowings raised in foreign

currency (for inclusion in Upper Tier II Capital).
 Foreign Bank Capital Requirements
Foreign banks are required to furnish to Reserve Bank
undertaking to the effect that the banks will not remit
abroad the remittable surplus
retained in India and included in Tier I capital as long
as the banks function in India.
Retained in a separate account
In India for meeting capital to risk-weighted asset ratio
(CRAR) requirements under capital funds.
 Foreign Bank Capital Requirements
Auditor's certificate to the effect that these funds
represent surplus payable to
Head office once tax assessments are completed or tax appeals
are decided
Do not include funds in the nature of provisions towards tax or
for any other contingency
 Foreign Bank Capital Requirements

Foreign banks operating in India are permitted to hedge

their entire Tier I capital held by them in Indian books
subject to:
Forward contract should be for a tenor of one year or
more and may be rolled over on maturity
Rebooking of cancelled hedge will require prior
approval of Reserve Bank
Capital funds should be available in India to meet
local regulatory CRAR requirements
Foreign currency funds accruing out of hedging
should not be parked in nostro accounts but should
remain swapped with banks in India at all times
 Foreign Bank Capital Requirements
Capital reserve representing surplus arising out of sale
of assets in India held in a separate account is not
eligible for repatriation so long as the bank functions in
India
Interest-free funds remitted from abroad for the purpose
of acquisition of property should be held in a separate
account in Indian books
Net credit balance in the inter-office account with head
office / overseas branches will not be considered as
capital funds.
Debit balance in head office account will have to be set-
off against the capital
 Deductions for Tier I and Tier II Capital
Equity and non equity investments in subsidiaries
Investments of a bank in the equity as well as non-equity
capital instruments issued by a subsidiary, which are
considered towards its regulatory capital as per norms
prescribed by the respective regulator, deducted at 50
per cent each, from Tier I and Tier II capital of the parent
bank, while assessing the capital adequacy of the bank
under the Basel I framework
 Credit Enhancement Relating to Securitization of
Standard Assets
Treatment of First Loss Facility
First loss credit enhancement provided by the
originator reduced from capital funds and the
deduction capped at the amount of capital that the
bank would have been required to hold for the full
value of the assets, had they not been securitised.
Deduction for this purpose would be made at 50%
from Tier I and 50% from Tier II capital
 Credit Enhancement Relating to Securitization of
Standard Assets

Treatment of Second Loss Facility

Second loss credit enhancement provided by the originator
would be reduced from capital funds to the full extent.

Deduction would be made at 50% from Tier I and 50% from Tier
II capital

Treatment of credit enhancements provided by third party

If the bank is acting as a third party service provider, the first loss
credit enhancement provided by it is reduced from capital to the
full extent
 Credit Enhancement Relating to Securitization of
Standard Assets
Underwriting by an originator
Securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) and
held by the bank in excess of 10 per cent of the original amount
of issue, including secondary market purchases, deducted at
50% from Tier I capital and 50% from Tier II capital

Underwriting by third party service providers

If the bank has underwritten securities issued by SPVs which are
below investment grade, then deducted from capital at 50% from
Tier I and 50% from Tier II capital
 Limits for Tier II Capital

Tier II capital components limited to a maximum of 100

per cent of total Tier I capital components for the
purpose of compliance with the norms
 Illustrative Application of Tier I Capital
Tier I capital
Paid up capital
Statutory reserves
Disclosed free reserves
Capital reserves representing surplus from sale
proceeds of assets
Minus equity investment in subsidiaries
Minus intangible assets
Minus losses incurred by the bank
 Illustrative Application of Tier II Capital
Un-disclosed reserves and cumulative perpetual
preference shares
Revaluation reserves (at a discount of 55 percent while
determining their value for inclusion in Tier II capital)
General provisions and loss reserves up to a maximum
of 1.25% of weighted risk assets
Investment fluctuation reserve not subject to 1.25%
restriction
Hybrid debt capital instruments (bonds)
Subordinated debt (long term unsecured loans)
 Illustrative Application of Risk Weighted Assets
Degrees of credit risk expressed as percentage weights
Assigned by Reserve Bank of India for each asset
Fund based assets
Cash
Loans
Investments
Other assets
 Application of Risk Weighted Assets

Non-funded (off-balance sheet) Items

Credit risk exposure of off-balance sheet items

Computed by multiplying the face value amount of

each of the off-balance sheet items by the credit

conversion factor

Resulting amount has to be again multiplied by the

relevant weights assigned for each off-balance sheet

item
 Reporting Requirements
Disclose in balance sheet the quantum of
Tier I capital fund
Tier II capital fund
Annual return indicating capital funds
Conversion of off-balance sheet items
Non-funded exposures
Computation of risk weighted assets
Computation of capital to risk assets ratio
 Capital Adequacy Ratio
Capital Adequacy Ratio / (CAR) / (CRAR)
Ratio of capital fund to risk weighted assets expressed in
percentage terms
Minimum Requirements of Capital Fund in India
Existing banks: 9 %
New private sector banks: 10 %
Banks undertaking insurance business: 10 %
Local area banks: 15 %
Tier I capital at no point of time be less than 50 % of the
total capital.
Tier II capital cannot be more than 50 % of the total
capital