Dakota G

Ms. Jizi

UWRT 1104

13 November 2017

Double Entry Journal

Citation:

Jones, Keith, editor. Allergies Sourcebook: Basic Consumer Health Information about the

Immune System and Allergic Disorders, Including Rhinitis (Hay Fever), Sinusitis,

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye), Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, and Anaphylaxis, and Allergy

Triggers Such as Pollen, Mold, Dust Mites, Animal Dander, Chemicals, Foods and

Additives, and Medications; along with Facts about Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment,

Tips on Avoiding Triggers and Preventing Symptoms, a Glossary of Related Terms, and

Directories of Resources for Additional Help. Fifth ed., Omnigraphics, Inc., 2016.

Source: Quote (Page# or Paragraph #) Responses

Allergies are a form of hypersensitivity Carissas allergies are either class I, II, or III.
reaction, typically in response to harmless What are the differences between class I, II,
environmental allergens like pollen or food. and III?
Hypersensitivity reactions are divided into
four classes. Class I, II, and III are caused by
antibodies, IgE or IgG, which are produced
by B cells in response to an allergen.
Overproduction of these antibodies activates
immune cells like basophils and mast cells,
which respond by releasing inflammatory
chemicals like histamine. Class IV reactions
are caused by T cells, which may either
directly cause damage themselves or activate
macrophages and eosinophils that damage
host cells.
Chapter 1, page 12
Drugs known as antihistamines or This is what Carissa takes if she has a severe
leukotriene receptor antagonists block the reaction to dairy or eggs.
action of histamine and leukotrienes and can
provide relief from allergy symptoms.
Chapter 2, page 16

Nasal steroids are anti-inflammatory I have never heard of this kind of medication.
medications that help decrease the Would Carissa be able to use this, or would
inflammatory cell response to an allergen. she be allergic to it?
Chapter 2, page 17

Immunotherapy is a long-term treatment Immunotherapy is a possibility, but Im not

that may help prevent or reduce the severity
of allergic reactions and can change the
course of allergic disease by modifying the
bodys immune response to allergens.
Chapter 3, page 21
sure about it because there hasnt been much
research done on it yet from what I
understand.

Scientists are attempting to use Immunotherapy is probably a no-go due to the

immunotherapy to prevent and treat food fact that it can be risky and is experimental.
allergy. However, the balance between the
benefits and risks of immunotherapy for
food allergy has not yet been well-studied,
and it currently is not recommended except
as an experimental approach.
Chapter 3, page 21

NIAID-supported research aims to increase Immunotherapy is being studied more and

the effectiveness an safety of may get somewhere in the future, but as of
immunotherapy, reduce duration of now, it is probably not an option in Carissas
treatment, advance the development of safe case.
and effective immunotherapy for food
allergy, and improve understanding of how
immunotherapy helps reduce allergic
symptoms in these diseases.
Chapter 3, page 22

All forms of immunotherapy for food As stated above, immunotherapy could work
allergy are experimental, and although some in the future, but is probably not the best
trained clinicians offer them, these therapies option as of now.
are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA).
Chapter 3, page 26

The first time you are exposed to a food When does the food become an allergen?
allergen, your immune system reacts as if
the food were harmful and makes specific
antibodies to that allergen.
Chapter 14, page 132

The next time you are exposed to the same The second time that the body is exposed to it,
food allergen, it binds to the IgE antibodies you will have a reaction with symptoms.
that are attached to the mast cells and
basophils. The binding signals the cells to
release massive amounts of chemicals such
as histamine.
Chapter 14, page 132

A milk allergy is primarily caused by an This is what happens to Carissa. Her body
abnormal response of the bodys immune thinks of the milk protein as foreign and
system to milk protein. The body produces attacks it, which ultimately causes the release
immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to of histamines, the main cause of symptoms.
neutralize the protein allergen. These bodies
trigger the release of histamines and other
chemicals that produce allergic reactions.
Chapter 16, page 154

The mechanism of egg allergy is much the This is also what happens to Carissa. Just like
same as in other types of food allergies. An with dairy, her body recognizes it as bad and
allergic reaction occurs when attacks it, releasing histamines, causing the
immunoglobulin E (IgE), a type of antibody symptoms.
used by the bodys immune system to fight
pathogens, mistakenly recognizes a harmless
food component as a harmful invader. The
IgE antibodies bind to the egg protein,
triggering the release of histamines and other
inflammatory chemicals that can set off a
series of adverse reactions.
Chapter 17, page 170

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to Ive never heard of this before. What is

human immunoglobulin E (IgE), which
leads to a decrease in IgE binding to mast
cells and basophils and a reduction in
allergic symptoms of asthma and seasonal
rhinitis.
Chapter 40, page 339
Omalizumab? What is a monoclonal
antibody? If this works in decreasing IgEs,
that would keep histamines from being
released, or at least not as much, and that
would lead to no or much less significant
symptoms.