Spotlight — on CAE Francesca Mansfield and Carol Nuttall Student's Book > HEINLE ‘= CENGAGE Learning ‘siao% HEINLE "aS CENGAGE Learning ‘Spotlight on CAE Student's Book © 2010 Heinle, Cengage Learning Francesca Mansfield and Carol Nuttall ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright may be Publisher: Jason Mann reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means, graphic, Development Editor: Amanda Cole electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, Head of Marketing: Marcin Wojtynski scanning, dgitalising, taping, Web distribution, information networks or Content Project Editor: Amy Smith information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section ‘Manufacturing Buyer: Tom Relf 107 oF 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written ‘rt Director: Natasa Arsenidou permission ofthe publisher Cover Designer: Lisa Sjokur s a Text Designer: Rouli Manias, a aaa a a anes) Compositor: Rouli Manias & || For permission to use material from this tex or product, submitall | Sofia loannidou | requests online at cengage.com/permissions | ‘Audio: Martin Williamson, rolingua Further permissions questions can be emailed to | Productions | permissionrequest@cengage.com | ISBN 9781-4240 1676+ [with pin code) | 15BN 978--4240-6075-7 [without pin code) Heinle, Cengage Learning EMEA Cheriton House North Way Andover Hampshire SPIO SBE United Kingdom Cengage Learning is leading provider of customised learning solutions with offic locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, ‘Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate our local ofice at: International.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ld. Visit Heinle onfne at http://elt.heinle.com Visit our corporate website t www.cengage.com ‘Authors’ acknowledgements Dedicated to Peter Francis Mansfield ‘The authors would like to thank ther families for their support and understanding, ‘The authors would also like to thank the Editorial team: Amanda Cole, Bryan Fletcher, Howard Middle, Heidi North, John ‘Waterman, Karen Jamieson and Jennifer Nunan; the Production team: Amy Smith and Maeve Healy; the designer Roul ‘Manias; and the Recording team of Martin and Dave, Thanks are also extended tothe reviewers, Sarah Jackson and Maggie Baigent; Panayiotis Ptohopoulos for his advice and comments; Kostas Kitsos for his photographic inp; Nikos Magitss, Vasilis Kapodistrias, Spiras Vampoulas, Nikolaos Dervenis, Nikos Ktsos and Miltos Kiss for their contributions. Printed in Singapore 2345678910- 121110] (units 1-4)Cee Cfigins and new experiences Phrases with starting again Key word: make Childhood, education ‘Parts of the body’ idioms Phrasal verbs: pick up Key word: run Endurance sports Phrases with up and down Phrasal verbs with take Key word: game Science and discovery, dinosaurs, robots, future lifestyles Colourful language Key word tell Crime and punishment, DNA profiling, fre and safety precautions ‘= Phrasal verbs with tum = Key word: law Healthy lifestyles, dt nutrition, alternative medicine, expressions with food Using idioms in speech Key word: Ife Travel and tourism, vitual worlds, describing places Phrasal verbs and phrases with fook Key word: road Architecture, archaeology, adjectives for describing buildings and monuments Phrases and phrasal verbs with bring Key word: that Cod Tenses review: past and present Passive and causative forms Modal auxiliaries (1) in iscussion; speculation and suggestion Talking about the future future time in subordinate clauses Verbs followed by particles; verbs followed by infinitive or ing Conditionals and conditional forms. Using and recognising inversion Relative pronouns; defining and non-defining relative clauses; reduced relative clauses ear + Paper 3, part 5: key word transformations ‘+ Paper 3, part 1: recognising option types in multiple choice cloze '» Paper 3, part 2: grammatical items ‘+ Peper 3, part 3: prefixes, word formation ‘= Peper 3, part 4: finding the right word in gepoed sentences * Paper 3, part 1: identifying allocations © Paper 3, part 2: contrast {and tone in the text * Paper 3, part 3: word builaing (noun croups) | | | | | |part 1: reading for information per 1, part 2: identiying connectors in gapped texts per 1, part 3 Understanding attitude and ‘one; difficult words in & esding text Paper 1, part 4: scanning ‘multiple texts for formation apet 1, part 2: following a ine of argument in a text Paper 1, par 1: text analysis; understanding written texts; Each grammar section is inked to the Grammar Reference section on pages 168-182, which shouldbe consulted ‘asyou do each section R There are a wide variety of reading texts from a number of sources such as you wil find in the CAE exam. AS well 35 ging you plenty of exam practice, the topies covered inthe Reading sections should create plenty of opportunites for discussion and help you develop your vocabulary and language skis Writing The wing sections cover each of the vrting task types that may appear in the ‘exam and give guidelines and practice at ving for both part one and pat two ofthe Writing Paper. Ths seco looks in detail at how to analyse a question, brainstorm ideas, use input material where required, draw up a detailed writing plan, improve vocabulary and paragraph structure, before attempting 2 simiar task by yourself, either during the lesson or for homework. => You can also refer to the Writing Guide ‘on pages 183-192 to see samples of model pieces for each task type and guidelines (of how to approach the task, as well as additional task questions for extra practice Use of English Spotight on CA includes an indepth Section onthe Use of English Paper, with detailed guidelines and tasks to help you approach each par of the paper with confidence Each section wil also he you improve your level of Eagish and develop further sil for reading, wring and speaking The listening sections throughout the student's book cover all four parts of the Lstening Paper and are designed to help you develop the necessary skils required for ‘each part. Each section also includes useful ‘advice and tips. Ss) ‘Spotlight on CAE affords innumerable ‘opportunites to discuss the subjects and {topics raised in each unit. In addition to th, there is a focused speaking section in each unt that looks ata different part Of the speaking paner so that all four parts are covered. The speaking sections present useful functions and expressions which you wil use in real life but which are ‘also practised in the context of an exarn- type task. > The Speaking Files on pages 193-201 contain extra practice and useful expressions, Finally, don’t forget to use the Exam Booster workbook which provides further practice in al these areas and includes a student's listening CD which can be used by you at home, Have fun with your couse, and good hick! Francesca and CarolOverview of the exam The Certificate in Advanced English examination, just like the rst Certificate examination, consists of five papers, each worth an equal 40 marks of the maximum 200 marks. Grades A, B and } represent a pass grade. Grades D and E£ are a fail. It is not ecessary to achiev rder to receive a final PAPER 1 (1 HOUR 15 MINUTES) Reading + Four pars testing a range of reading sis + You must answer all four parts There ae 34 questions in total + You receive two marks for each correct answer in parts 1,2 and 3 and one mark for each comet answer in part & Part 1: Multiple choice You have to read three short themed ts from a range of sources. Each textis followed by two multiple choice questions with four options each. Emphasis 5 on the understanding of detail, tone, pose, implication, attitude and also text anisation features, Part 2: Gapped text ‘Sh paragraphs have been removed from a longer text and placed in a jumbled order, ‘ogether with an additional paragraph. You have to choose the missing garagraph for each gap. Emphasis is on nnderstanding how texts are structured 4nd following text development, Part 3: Multiple choice A longer text followed by seven four-option ‘multiple choice questions. Emphasis is on he understanding of a fong text, including detail, opinion, tone, purpose, main dea, implication, attitude, and organisation. Part 4: Multiple matching A text or several short texts is preceded by 15 multiple-matching questions. Emphasis ' on locating specific information, deta, pinion and attitude in texts passing grade. PAPER 2 (1 HOUR 30 MINUTES) Writing + Two parts + You must answer both parts (a compulsory one in part 1, one from a choice of five in part 2) Part 1: One compulsory question You may be asked to write any of the following: an artide, a letter, a proposal, ‘@ report. You must use the input material and waite 180-220 words. Part 2: One from a choice of writing tasks You can choose one task from a choice Of five questions (including the set text ‘options). You may be asked to write any Of the following: an arte, a contribution ‘to a longer piece, an essay, an information sheet, aleiter, a proposal, a report, a review or a competition entry. You must ‘waite 220-260 words. BTM hed PAPER 2 See the following ‘on Witing: 8, 18, 71, 80, 91, 102, See the following pages for ‘on Grammar: 25, 35, 47, 69, 78, 100, 110, 120, 131, 134, 141, 143, 152 and 161 a satisfactory grade in all five papers in PAPER 3 (1 HOUR) Use of English + There ate five parts with 50 questions in total + Parts 1, 2 and 5 test both grammar and vocabulary. Parts 3 and 4 test vocabulary + Parts 1, 2, and 3: each corect answer receives mark Part 4: each correct answer receives 2 marks. Part 5: each ansiverreceves up to 2 marks Part 1: Multiple-choice cloze A moified cloze test containing 12 gaps and followed by 12 four-option multiple choice items. You must choose the option that correctly fils the gap. Part 2: Open cloze ‘A mosified open dloze test containing 15 ‘gaps. You must write ane word to fill ‘each gap. Part 3: Word formation You must read a text containing 10 gaps ach gap corresponds to a word, The stems Of the missing words are given beside the text Part 4: Gapped sentences “There are five questions, each of which contains three separate sentences, Each sentence contains one gap, which must be completed with one appropriate word. Part 5: Key word transformations ‘There are eight separate questions, each with a lead.in sentence and 2 gapped second sentence to be completed in three 10 six words, including a given ‘key word!PAPER 4 (APPROXIMATELY 40 MINUTES) Listening * Four pans + Each part contains a recorded text or texts and corresponding Comprehension tasks «Each partis heard twice * There are 30 questions in total Part 1: Multiple choice Three short extracts, from exchanges between interacting speakers. There are two four-option multiple choice questions for each extract. Part 2: Sentence completion A monologue with a sentence completion task which has eight items. You must complete each sentence with a word that you hear in the recording. Part 3: Multiple choice ‘longer dialogue or conversation involving interacting speakers, with six multiple ice questions Part 4: Multiple matching Fve short themed monologues, with 10 multiple-matching questions. There are two tasks to complete. PAPER 4 ‘See the following pages for Spc ‘on Listening: 6, 16, 26, 36, 48 77, 89, 99, 109, 119, 133, 1 and 163, PAPER 5 (15 MINUTES) Speaking + Four parts + There will be one interlocutor and cone imigilator + There will be two or three candidates per group + You will be expected to respond to questions and to interact in conversational English eee Part 1: Introductory questions A conversation between the interlocutor and each candidate (spoken questions). Part 2: individual long turn ‘An individual ‘long turn’ for each candidate vith a brief response from the second candidate (visual and written stimuli, with spoken instructions Part 3: Two way conversation ‘A two-way conversation between the candidates (sual and written stimull, with spoken instructions) rt 4: Extension of discussion topics ‘A discussion on topics related to part 3 (spoken questions). PAPER 5 See the following pages tor Sp ‘on Speaking: 7, 16, 27, 36, 5 101, 121, 132 and 142,What are the differences between the old exam and the revised exam? BCU RS Ch © Paper 1: Reading 1 Thome ents 6 questions) NEW 2 Gapped texto questions) 3 Mule coice 7 questons) 4 Mulipe-matching 5 question © Paper 2: Writing 1 Input reduced to 150 words. (1 compulsory task) “Answer reduced to 180-220 words 2 Answer to be 220-260 words (1 task from a choice of 5) Possible set texts option. NEW © Paper 3: Use of English 7 Mltlecocecoze (12 questions) 2 Open cloze (15 questions) 3 Word formation (10 questions) 4. Gapped sentences (5 qvestons) NEW 5, Key word transformation (© questions) NEW © Paper 4: Listening 1 Short exacts (6 questions) NEW 2. Sentence completion @ questions) 3 Multiple choice (6 questions). 4 Multiple matching (10 questions) © Paper 5: Speaking T Spoken questions between the intlocutor and each candidate minutes) 2 Individual ‘long tur’ for each candidate and a brief response ‘rom the other candidate (1 minute + 30 seconds) 3A two-way conversation between candidates with ‘written and visual stimuli used ina decision-making task (@4 minutes) New 4 Adscussion on topics elated to the collaborative task (4 minutes) You're probably wondering what the differences between the old and revised exam ate, There are stl ve papers, but overall time has been reduced in lenath by approximately one hour it snows four houts and forty minutes. The new exam vill also contain new and improved task types, and is designed to be more ‘user-friendly py CTT) 1, woh wi iapore 4. the vee sentences with 8 the eanaidate we ates 0 Candidate to sanaicint interaction vomoves fiom pare vigton prompt xibey Noe TCT la Article: apiece of nor-fictional writing, usually forming part of a magazine lr newspaper. The reader is usually Understood to have similar interests to the writer, The aim isto interest and connect with the reader, so there should be some opinion or comment. Cloze test: A type of gap-filing task in which whole words have been removed from a text. Candidates must replace the missing word. Coherence: language which is coherent is lear and planned well, Al the parts and ideas should form a unified whole. Competition entry: written for a judge or panel of judges. You're usvally ‘expected to nominate somebody for something or to put yourself forward for selection for something, such as a study grant. A competition entry will be {ally persuasive, giving reason(s) why your choice is best. Goxsibatlon to a eager pi sarin for someone who isin the middle of collecting information for use in larger document, such as 2 guidebook or 2 piece of research. The aim is to supply information and opinion. The choice of register is ikely to be influenced by the purpose of the longer document, as indicated in the exam instructions. A contribution should be clearly organised. It may also include headings. Discourse: written or spoken ‘communication, Email: an electronic letter, usualy less formal in language than a letter Essay: a structured piece of writing ona spect topic. An essay is often written for a teacher, or pethaps as a follow-up toa cass activity It should be leatly structured: with an inttoducton, organised development and a fitting conclusion, The main purpose of the taskis to develop an argument and/or to discuss ssues surrounding 2 certain topic. You'e expected to give reasons for your opinions Gap-filting itesa: any type of item requiring the candidate to insert some xi written material into the spaces in the text. This material may include letters, numbers, ingle words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs, The response may be selected from a set of options, or supplied by the candidate. | Gist: the central theme/meaning of | the tex | cacormaiion sinee!: written for an ‘audience who needs information, instruction or help in some area. You're ‘expected to produce clear factual information, and/or advice on a topic. It needs to be clearly organised and may also include headings. Interlocutor: the Speaking Paper ‘examiner who conducts the test ‘and makes an assessment of each candidate's performance. Key word: the word which must be used in an answer to an item in Use of English Paper, part 5. Letter: written in reply o the situation ‘outlined in the exam question. Letters in the CAE Writing Paper need response which is reliably suitable for the particular target reader. Exam candidates can expect to be asked to write letters to, for example, the editor of a magazine or newspaper, to the director of an international business, to 2 princioal of a school, orto a friend. ‘Long turn: the section in the Speaking Paper allowing @ candidate to talk Uninterrupted for a period of time. They will produce an extended piece of | discourse. ‘Multiple choice: a task where Candidates are given several possible answers, with only one being correct. ‘Multiple matching: 2 task in which ‘2 number of questions or sentence ‘completion items are set. They are generally based on a reading text. The responses are provided in the form of ‘a word or phrase bank. Each of these responses can be used an unlimited number of times. | options: he individ words inthe Sef posse answers for alte Ghote tem Paraphrase: to use different words to convey the meaning of something Phrasal verb: a verb which takes on ‘anew mesning when followed by a certain adverb or preposition Proposal: written for a superior work colleague or members of 2 committee You're expected to make at least one suggestion, and to support this with some factuel information, in order to persuade the reader of a course of action. proposal should be clearly organised and may include headings. Register: the tone of a piece of ‘waiting, t should be appropriate for the task and target reader. Report: usually written for someone higher than you at work, such as a boss ‘or a college principal. Sometimes it's ‘also written for a peer group, lke fellow members of a Cub. You're expected to give some factual information and make suggestions or recommendations. ‘A report should be clearly organised ‘and may include headings. Review: generally written for an English-language magazine, newspaper lor website. The main objective is to describe and articulate @ personal ‘pinion about something which the ‘writer has experienced. It may, for example, be about a film, a holiday, (ora product. The review needs to give the reader 2 dear idea about the item discussed. Description and explanation are key areas for this task. Usually, 2 review will include @ recommendation to the reader as well Rubrios: the instructions to an examination question which tell the candidate what to do when answering the question. Set toxt: a piece of Iterature chosen for study. Short story: a piece of fiction dealing with only a few characters and: incidents. ‘Stem word: the word at the end of ‘each line in the Use of English Paper, part 3. This word should form the basis for the word that has to be formed.‘experiences, guage development: fixed phrases: word: make Reading: specific information Listening: nderstanding contexts Speaking: introductions Use of English: transtorming words Writin planning a letier Wiork in pairs. These pictures all show the beginning of something, What do they show the beginning of? List other types of beginnings. ‘Who can list the most in one minute? Look at the quiz below and see if you can answer any of the questions. 1 Gs 19s originally 4 established 10 a. protect Canada's willie hed in protest against nuclear 1911 testing b 1931 smpaign for world peace © 1951 2 The 2006 FIFA World Cup 5 In 1994 Nelon Mandela kicked off in inaugurate as President 2 South Africa South africa Japan b Mesico Germany, © India 3. Christopher Columbus on his voyage of di Democracy i aid to have discover a new continent, 218% century Ameria 1 tind anather trade medieval England prove that the world was flat. ancient Greece Infrmaton Fi 1, page 202 The following verbs and phrasal verbs can also have similar ‘meanings but are used in different contexts. Match the words to the contexts (2-d) below the box. ctivate bring about conceive embark on engender found generate incite—intiate.-—_—inspire instigate launch into produce prompt provoke setup set about stimulate spawn trigger a Cause something to begin or happen Create something © Start doing somethis 4. Establish somethingReading: reading for specific information Discuss. Do you know who the people in the photographs are? What do they have TEXTA Read the passage and find out when Charlie Chaplin fist performed on the stage and why he had to work so hard as a boy. Humble @ Beginnines ae eres st amu a best VE rena ss than assis, Bh oN sahara Hal atoms, he was aa? sre debt ppexance on 3 Sr able pei Hea? agen as 9 dé ator. Dae! FF Shares tne sieed a net Staten, He and his ha othet ayone oft rhe Chaplin remains to this day one o ians. However, Chapli 899, in London, to parents wi : could walk, on secured sever n, aged 37, nae figus establishments to make ends | down wi Sydney were set aplin worked in var doctor's surgery. @ no doubt provided ‘Charlie began performing in ie, travelled to the fe age of 12 and "4 fa barron, 9 statione’s 2 thems he wou eventual al materi ot er making 2 name frist Va printing plant Bees Reading for specific information You may be asked t0 find specific information in the tex in Paper 1. However, the language in the quest be different from that used in the text, so it's im jecognise ideas expressed in diferent ways; * Look at the following p 2 decide whether they convey the same information [5] a ‘appears in the text above, or different [D]. 9 Charlie's first performance occurred when his mathe was taken il : ages of 12 and 14, “3/0 4% Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). a. Charie Chaplin first went on stage as soon as he could walk. T/F b He was successful as a child actor. v/F He ended up Living an the streets after his mather became mentally vWF Charlie acted in a film about a barber shop when he was 12, T/F © The writer suggests that Charlie's flms were inspired by the jobs he undertook as a teenager vWF unite5 Quickly read through the text about 2 word that owes its very existence to the Internet, What does it have in common with Text A? + [athe birth’ of a word? | Language is constantly developing in response to the changing world around us, yet when Larry Page and Sergey Brin hit upon the idea of ‘aling their ‘ledgling company ‘Googie’, they could not have imagined they were also creating a new entry for the dictionary. ‘Google’ isa play ‘on the word ‘googo'’ in itself a relatively young word. Coined by Milton Sirota in the mid-twentieth century, Gogol refers to the number one followed by 100 zeros. The company chose the term as its trademark to highlight its aim to organise information on the Internet ‘The success of Page and Brin’s search engine was so great that their form. Of the word, ‘google’, began to be used in a variety of ways. Now it has followed its predecessor into the dictionary, and the entries for it seem to bbe expanding fairly rapidly. Webster's New Millennium Dictionary gives ‘two definitions af google as a transitive verb. Wiktionary goes a step ‘urther, including not only an entry for google as an intransitve verb, but also two definitions of google as a transitive ver, along with an impressive list of derived terms such as 'googledork’ and 'googlious. "Google, the company, has taken exception in some cases to wnat it calls inappropriate usage of it trademark’, but can it really hope to curb the ‘ide? The words are already listed, and the fair amaunt of ‘googling’ that ‘went into researching this article proves the point! © Text Cis about someone who decided to return to an activity she abandoned 5 a child. Read the text and find out why she gave it up originally, ‘As a chid, | loved creating pictures and would spend hour after blissful hour doodling, until some bright spark of a teacher started teling, ‘me what to draw and how to draw it, Although his intentions were honourable, he succeeded in destroying the creative fie burning within me, Frustrated by my inability 1o meet his demands, | did the only sensible thing a ten-year-old could do. quit. Now, older and, | hope, fess vulnerable to criticism, I've decided to make a fresh start I'm not taking any chances, though, so 'm starting fram scratch, ina Beginners las, Inthe first lesson, our teacher gave each ‘of us a blank sheet of paper and told us to look ata chai. Then she instructed us to begin at the edge of the paper and gradually shade in the space surrounding the chair. Rather than draw the abject, we should focus on the space around it, The results were amazing! Al of us managed to achieve a fain distinct outline of the chair, simply by creating its ‘space’ on the paper! Telling us thatthe secret to improving ‘one's drawing sls lay in changing the way we see things, she invted each of us to comment on what we'd just done. She refrained from commenting herself, thus dspeling any fears of rejection, {came aviay feeling elated. Roll on the next lesson! ere ee ‘Answer the following questions about the Toxt 8. Haw did the founders of ‘Google’ feel when their name became offically accepted into the English language? b Why did they call their company ‘Google? © According to the text, how many diferent definitions have appeared in dictionaries so far? Decide which of the following statements express the same points as Text 8 and ‘underline the information that shows this, 18 ‘Google’ isa trademark name that is derived from another word ‘Google’ is a mathematical term that was ‘invented by Milton Sirotta The company is appalled that their trademark has entered the dictionary. 4. The company disapproves of some of the ways in which their trademark is being used, In the following multiple choice questions about Text C, you're given the three incorrect ‘distractor’ options. Decide what the correct answer should be, and write it, using your own words. 1 What reason does the writer give for abandoning ar as a child? She felt her teacher’ intention was to cut her individual style. Her teacher was strict and unpleasant towards her, She realised she could no Longer draw well, 2 What was the purpose of the drawing task in the frst lesson of the writers new class? ‘A To leam to effectively ceate shadow on 2 page. To allow the students to express their feelings about their art. D To enable the teacher to see what the students could do 110 Discuss. What feelings do you experience ‘when you start something new? How do these feelings differ when you return to an activity after having abandoned it?4 Language development: starting again 1 Discuss. The title of Text Cin the Reading section, Back to the drawing board, has a double meaning. What is it? Find other phrases in the text which mean to start again’ Complete the phrases below with the words in the box. There Is one extra word fresh leaf seratch slate source square a Tomakea_____ star. b Totum over a new © Back to one, 4 To start from To wipe the clean \What similar meaning do you think the above expressions all convey? “For questions 1-3 below, use one word ‘only from the exercise above which can be used appropriately inall three sentences. 1 Gillian decided it was time to turn over a new and forget her past mistakes. Way don't you take a start helping your mother? ‘Autumn came suddenly and the first before August had even ended cut of Simon's book and had fallen 2 There was a deep red fon her arm, so T assumed they'd been Fighting again. The cake was a complete disaster so T decided to throw it in the bin and start from Paul's work hasnt been up to ‘thinking of asking him to leave lately, so wet 3. Although it was a bit walkin the hil When Jenny moved to the city she was determined to make a start. There’s nothing ike the smell of _ ta wake you up in the morning. ‘twas a lovely day fora ___ Braziian coffee The following phrases all appeared in the reading texts. Use them to complete the sentences below. make (one’s) debut make ends meet make a name for oneself 1 Leonardo di Caprio in the film What's Eating Gilbert Grape but did't become famous untit he appeared in Romeo ond Juliet. 2 Although Roald Dahl wrote several books for adults, he as a writer of children's books, 3 While she was writing her first novel, Helena worked as a waitress to unit @ Key word: make Explain what the word make means in each of the sentences below. 2 Everyone was yelling so much that I found it hard to make myself heard, bb “Thaver't got a clue what this question is asking us to do. “That makes two of us.” © ‘Asmall box of Nachos, please, No, make it a large one.’ 4 News of the Flooding made the national papers. ‘@ He made me stay in and do my homework even though T had been invited to a party Complete the following sentences using the correct form of ‘one of the phrases in the box below. make a go of make tke make do with rmake-or-break make it make the best of He grabbed hold of the rock and pulled himself up. He was exhausted, but he'd finally t 2 She she was searching for something on the ground, so the boy would notice she'd been staring at hin, 3 David realised that he was in a situation. Success would mean certain promotion, while failure would result in the loss of his job, 4 Jim and Sally have had ther problems, but they've decided thelr marriage, 5 The rain spoiled their plans f ‘it by playing games indoors 5 T can't afford to buy a new car this year, so Tl have to my old one. to a picnic, but theyGrammar: review of tenses Eee = _ The expanding universe 3 (past and present) Until Edin Hubble (1) proposed that the universe (2) was_ : ‘expanding, it (3) had been assumed by the majority of scientists, 7 ae a SEE ae that the universe (4) existed in a constant state, that it (5) ae ye ppen " ‘bad no past or future and simply ‘was’. Yet, although Hubble — (6) had not been trying to explain the universe’s beginning, 2 Read the text below. Find examples of the following his discovery would seriously challenge ths nation, Hubbie tenses: (7) knew tat all the galaxies (8) neve maving away from Fete each other, but he (9) naticed that the speed they (10) were. baie a ‘zzweling was proportional to their dstance from Earth This he an a could only mean one thing: the universe Aes oie — (11) was expanding and therefore in a sent continuous __ state of flux. t clearly (12) had a past, a Present perfect continuous present, and it was logical to assume, a future The ultimate beginning > ciommar Reference 11, page 168 spies ee eg re eae Fo 'S Rewrite the following sentences so that answers to explain how the universe began. While there have bean countles theories, much of what we know i stil only speculation, and most of the information we have collected is stil being {questioned and re-evaluated, However, through the revelations af modern science, we have been able to offer firm theories for some of the answers we once called hypotheses. True to the nature of science, 2 majority of these answers have only led to more intriguing and complex questions. it seems to be inherent in our search for knowledge that questions i continue to arise and maybe there will never be definite answer. Decide which of these tenses is sed here to talk about .? ty that started in nt has not yet 2 present state a Finished past event an event that began in the past hut relates to the ot vity happening in the present 4 Read the toxtat the top of the next column. Name the past tenses that have been underlined. the tenses are used correctly He had been (ooking at the stars Gut fe wasn’ fining any new planets. He realised that the universe was growing for 13 bilion years. Tt all was starting with a big bang, according to some scientists. We searched for answers and we are stil looking fe The universe has been starting to expand a very long time ago. What ‘notion’ would Hubble's discovery challenge? Why was this? ‘Answer in your own words. Read the text below. Complete each gap with the correct form of the verb in brackets, In some places more than one answer may be possible. The Big Bang Hubble's discovery thal the universe (1) _ expand) ent weight to a hypothesss that (2) (put forward) in 1927 by a Belgian priest Georges Lemaitre. He (3) (postulate) that all the matter in the universe (4) (Spring) from Single source, now called a ‘singularity’ ~a point so smal t i) (have no dimensions) ~ and that at some iadefinably minuscule slither of time approximately 13.7 billion years ago, al this matter (6) (explode) outwards from its source in a massive blast -so massive in fact that it a (stllgo on), and the universe (8) ‘ever since, The term The Big Bang’ (9)___(oin) some time later by scientist Fred Hoyle, who, at the tme (expand) (19), (try) to citicise the hypothesis, but it (11), (stick), ‘and now this (12)_____ {be) the idea 5 that most scientists seem fo favour. AT Grammar Reference 1.1, page 169 In pairs. Student A: describe in your own words the process mentioned in The Big Bang above. Student 8: ask questions about anything you don't understandListening: short extracts 1 Discuss. Do you lke doing any of the activities shown in the pictures? Why or why not? Interpreting context from vocabulary Certain words ond pase: ton be ese td alll subjects. By reading the questions carefully bef6re you listen, you should be able to anticipate the context fom the Key words i 0 Listen again, and write down any words which describe how the main speaker feels, Turn to the tapescript on page 00 and underline these words, Decide whether the following statements are true ot false The couple are moving to another county. We b The mans worried that the sheep farm may not work. T /F The woman is used to alot of noise ve 4. She thinks that the move willbe good for them. W/E Read the rubric fr the thd extract below. Which of the Words from exercise 2 in the Spotlight might you hear? You are going to hear two people discussing plans to make a film based on a book © 1.3 Listen to the extract and answer the question below. The waman expresses concern about 2. the proposed lack of special effects inthe film. the complex nature of some of the drafted scenes. the film potentially being too superficial in its approach, > Look at the foloing ist of words nd expresions asocitea | US Of English: key word With books, cinema and the Internet and place themin the | tyancformations appropriate category. | animation chapter download excerpt | extract front cover frst edition online scene special effects surfing paperback | | | soundtrack print out taller web page | | 3 You are going to hear someone reading out an advert. Before you listen, look atthe questions below and underline the key words. 1. The advertisement is for a an arts and crafts book. bb a design to make something, © a do-it-yourself kt 2. The speaker is reading fiom a a magazine. ba mail order catalogue € the Internet. 4 O11 Usten to the extract and answer the multiple choice {questions above. Turn to the tapescript on page 204 and underline the key words that helped you find the answers. 5 Read the questions for the second extract below and ‘complete the rubric in your own words. You are going to hear - Read the questions below and then listen to the extrac. 1 What isthe couple's main reason for moving? 2. Wow does the main speaker feel about the move? 6 01.2 Listen and see if you were correct. Now answer the questions in 5. unit @ 2 Exes PAPER 3, PART 5 Simil me: In Paper 3, part 5 you have to complete the se¢ so that it has a similar meaning to the fist important to check carefully that th sentence have a different me He learned to drive when he was been He tes boon eening tar For each ofthe sentences below, decide which of the options that follows is closest in meaning. Explain why the other two don't mean the same thing, 1 Te had enough of teaching, and would lie a change a Tve been doing quite lot of teaching, and I need 3 holiday. Imtived of teaching, and would lke to make afresh start Tve had a lot of experience teaching, and am looking for a new post. He was doing well at work, but he suddenly decided to pack it all in and go to live on an island, Although he was successful, he gave it all up and went to live on an ‘sland ue to his success, he decided to give fn an island, Despite going to tive on an island, he was successful b tall up and tivePAPER 2, PARTS For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given, 1. She passed her driving test in 1995. driving She 1995, 2 urgently need to give Simon a message about where to meet Jane, deliver Thave to Simon about winere to meet Jane, 3. Please hurry up and decide which film to watch. mind Tish you would about wich film 4 Tfound it quite hard to get this place at university. easy Tehas__ get this place at university 5. 1 been worrying about the test, but it was easy. expected © The police suspect that he killed his wife of He his wife. 7 Now that he's retired, he likes to go fishing a lot. taken = a hobby. 8 She's taking karate lessons, and kickboxing as well, Not only Since he retired he __ she’s also doing kickboxing Speaking: talking about new experiences In pairs, describe the pictures. What do they all have in common? Bau PAPER 3, PART S Key word transforms In Paper 3, part 5 you are being aske several things, © Look at the checklist below and; whether the points are true or fa based on exercise 3. 4 Both sentences should fi the same meaning, 2 Both sentences shou! the same tense. 3. Anidiom, phrasal phrase could rep or noun, 4 One or more sentence may chat 5. The key word must into the appropri 6 Inverted sentences may not be used. VF 7 An active sentence could be transformed into a passive sentence. TF 8 A positive sentence cannot be transformed into a negative sentence. TF ‘Match the sentences in exercise 3 to the checklist above. [Afiend of yours has just told you the following about a new experience she has had: ‘Guess what! Tye taken up hang sling! T had my fist lesson this morning, What questions would you ask her about this to gain more information? Brim eacud PAPER 5, PART 1 Social talk In Paper 5, part # the examined ‘candidate something abot is an opportunity for candid their abilty to talk socially. ive detailed answers to the q this section8 4 Discuss. The following statements are answers to the question: "Tell me about a new experience you have had recently’. What ‘else could you say to expand on them? Last eet went to the Science Museum took the First Certificate exam two months ago, ‘and I was anvious about the Speaking Paper! PAPER 5, PART 1 Wark in pais. Student A: You are the examiner. Ask student B to describe a significant experience that changed his/her ie and to say in what way it changed it. Student B: Listen to the question carefully, and give 2 detailed answer. Use the ‘in other words’ box below to help you. Student A: Make sure that student 6 answers your question fll Swap roles. 5 Match the sentences in column A below with the more detailed sentences in column B. A 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 Te was fun, felt scared. 1 won't forget it. 1 would do it differently, It did me good. 1 quit too easly. Twas given a chance, 2 Tecan still clearly remember every moment: b Tt was a long time ago but I still remember how tenified I felt. © Tfanly I hadr't given up so easily. IFT could relive the experience, I would try to change the way T reacted © Despite what happened to me I benefited in a number oF ways, £ Trealised that [had been given a unique opportunity twas probably the most enjoyable experience Thad ever had. unit @ Writing: planning a descriptive or narrative piece of writing (letter) BM Planning your work Planning is always important and should take, part of your allotted writing time. 11 Use the ive point plan below fora correct order: writing, selecting voce checking, outining. 1 2 4 5 2 Read the following announcement ina student magazine, What are you being asked to write? What two being asked to include init? We are offering readers a free holiday weekend for the best descriptive account of a new or unusual experience that | you have had. Write a letter describing the experience and ‘explaining what made it so memorable or significant. PAPER 2 Descriptive or narrative writing In Paper 2, you may be asked to write 2 piece descriptive or narrative elements, or outin ‘entry. You therefore need to far structures and vocabulary ral ‘and explaining, and you sho of formality. A letter ta an include a narrative element If you haven't had any unusual ant Use your imagination to write down three ideas for an ‘unusual experience. This is known as the ‘brainstorming’ stage. Se cae acon % 21.4 Listen to a class of students discussing ther ideas. How many ideas did they think up in the brainstorming session?'A descriptive account needs th ‘ight vocabulary to make it ‘or the reader to picture wh. ae describing, This means selecting appropriate ‘hrases, You should start writing 1B Look back at Anne 21.5 Listen to the group outlining the paragraph structure. Complete the structure below that they agree on, then look at the tapescrpt to check your answers Paragrap Paragraph 2__ a Paragraph 3 A riend of yours submitted the letter ‘on the right to the magazine. Read it and decide what structural problems ithas. anaaizea Fite ea owt Write a suitable ending to Anneka’s letter. Make sure you answer the second part of the question, le was breatntaking. we air weeded to fey us 9s awaazing i ‘underline the uses to describe: a the weather. 10 Read the following writing question b the view from the air, « the writers feelings about the PRDERIDI PARTE experience. We are offering three months free subscription to our magazine to the reader so sends in the best account of an important tuming point in their ie, This will be Don't waste time writing your letter published in a special supplement entitled ‘A Fresh Start’ Write a letter and tellus ‘ut in rough and then copying it again how you turned your life around and what made it happen. neatly. But do remember to check your letter~ it's your last chance to gain a few points by correcting mistakes Write your letter. Use between 220-260 words. Make sure you follow all the planning stages. Work in pairs. Look at your partner's tending to Anneka’s letter and check it for mistakes.10 OTE E Tamera S siting aie! 2. Complete the sentences with a suitable verb or phrasal verb that means to ‘begin’ or star’ 12 Police in the West Midlands area have investigation into the robberies. An estimated six million people watched! as the new President was yesterday. © ‘Wed better early if we don't want to miss the launch of HMS Victorious at Southampton tomorrow.” 4 When 1 the company, I never expected it to be 0 successful The chairwoman fallure of the new product. Acupuncture __ in China over 3,000 years ago. A number of protestors acts of violence, but these were quickly suppressed by the police. hh At the age of 15, she promising carer in show business. 1.2 Decide which of the words above mean the following: to officially introduce someone into an important position with a ceremony to start something new, difficult or exciting your life to begin a journey to begin to happen or exist to cause something to happen as a response of reaction an official ‘discussion into analysing the 1.3 Reoding, page 2 Choose the best word in italics to complete the sentences below. 41. Chatie Chaplin gained invluable / comest experience vile working asa teenager, which provided ideas for films. 2 His mother suffered from a distinct / hoarse voice after working too hard 3 Chapin’ tramp character was a(n) auspicious / resounding 4A barber’s shop, printing plant and glass Factory were among the various establishments / institutions where Chaplin worked asa teenager. 1.4 Look back at Text 8 on page 3 and find words which mean the following 2 young created symbol by which t be recognised 7 the one which came before prevent something from happening Ere | Word partnerships ' [iota rece ee | 1 material — reading text, Humble beginnings, page 2 2 | Gotan NEOat yma = | Nincouvr own nach = |. soletrl unit @ 5 Languane development pac 4 Mateh the phrasal verbs in the box with their definitions (a-h) below. make off make up for make for make into make something of mate it up to make up make out do something to show you are somy forthe problems you caused somebody go towards @ particular place or destination invent a new story, song, game, etc. —__ leave quickly, especially in order to escape be able to see or hear something, though not very clearly make 2 bad situation better, or replace something that has been lost 4. change something s0 that it has a diferent use or purpose fuse the opportunities you have to become successful Brome ety ‘Organising vocabulary 1's important to record new vocabulary in a ng organised manner, in order to remember i ways of organising and recording the voce + Word association ‘+ Functional use 11.6 Decide which you think isthe most suit record vocabulary from this unit, and start your own, Vocabulary organiser notebook. ~ ‘ng, pege © Find a word of phrase in Anneka’s letter ‘that means the following: 4 pleasantly fresh and cold (adi) 2 getting bigger 0 3. rose, climbed higher © 4 something made up of many different pats o} 5 blowing 0 ‘matter ~ grammar text, The Big Bang, page 5 | Use matter with N.UNCOUNT: waste matte, SS N.COUNT.: a private matter, PHRASES: i's a matter of, asa matter of fact, aeGetting started Lee | ta do when you were younger? idioms; phrasal , bound clamber d heave ‘hop jump verbs: pick up; ep march paddle skip slide stride key word: run i stroll swing tiptoe wander wrestle 9.2.1 Listen to aman describing 2 family outing during his childhood. Tick the words from the box above that he uses. Discuss. Which of the following statements do you agree with? Crier rs Peer ee en12 Reading; gapped texts Read the headline below and predict the subject of the text that follows. “Pioneer nursery stays outdoors ~ in all weathers Enthusiastic parents see kindergarten as antidote to sedentary lifestyle 2. Inppais. Read the two paragraphs that follow. The middle paragraph is missing, What information would you expect it ‘to-contain? Freddie and Alastair clambered around thelr childminder's ‘garden snugly dressed in thei unofficial uniform: chest-high ‘waterproof Yousers, rainbow braces, thick jumpers and ‘welly boots. Blond and ruddy, the pair, aged two and three, earnestly heaved stones about and wrestled with 3 wooden ‘Wheelbarrow before bounding off for thir daly session on the open-air trampoline eR ‘Their childminder, Cathy Bache, is planning to open Britain's fist outdoors nursery, a lttery-unded kindergarten where the children wil be taught and entertained in a wood. Al day, every day. Whatever the weather, Benen Identifying connectors ae Look closely at the paragraphs both before ahd afte There ae several factors tat cul nk them fo paragraph 5 ind the following in the first paragraph : a the names of two boys anoun that refers to them another person Find the following in the second para @ the name of a person > cpcese poco fet ae tae a plural noun referring to the boys d_ two synonymous words that refer to a place where the children are Discuss. What common themes do the two paragraphs share? unit @ Read the three paragraphs below and decide which would best fit between the two paragraphs in exercise 2. Explain your reasons. Their unusual uniform was chosen by the Incal education authority for being the mast practical solution in these circumstances. The boys seem to like it and so there are plans ta market it and have it in the shops by the time school starts in September. These two boys, wrapped up like seafarers against the squally autumn weather that often drenches their comer of north- east Fife, are about to be pioneers in a nursery education ‘experiment. And it i @ project that could make many urban parents fearful Both boys felt cold and initable and had demonstrated a marked disinclnation to get involved with any ofthe team projects, despite Cathy's intention to introduce them to the Figours of outdoor tiving Read the rest of the newspaper article on page 13. Sic paragraphs have been removed and replaced with two headings. Choose the heading in each case (a orb) which you think would best summarise the content of the missing paragraph. Decide ifthe questions below are true or false according to the newspaper article. Correct the false statements reference to the text. Children will go inside when the weather drops below freezing 1/F Children enjoy playing outdoors all day in the rain. /F The new nursery will have much of the equipment found in an indoar nursery. TF 4 The children will gow vegetables and took after animals, W/E © This kind of nursery has never existed before v/F The children wil Learn to identity poisonous plants. /F This kind of education may damage the children’s confidence. VF Tes not good for the children’s health or development to stay outside all day, 1/F i. Several of the parents have expressed concem about the outdoor nursery. /F J One aim of the nursery isto counter the rise in childhood obesity 1/F fa - = -= SaMs Bache, 45, has been given £10,000 by the lottery-based ‘Awards for All scheme to help create an open-air nursery for up to 24 children alongside Monimail Tower, a recently restored medieval tower that once formed part of a summer palace used by the ancient bishops of St Andrews. la ey ee When the Secret Garden nursery opens next autumn, the children will have none of the games and equipment seen in a normal suburban nursery: plastic see-saws, cushioned vinyl floors end sterilised building blocks. Their curiculum will be devoted to nature walks, rearing chickens, climbing trees, “mud play” and vegetable gardening. Their playground will be the forest, and their shelter a watt and daub “cob” building with outdoor toilets. The children Ms Bache cares for are oblivious to the weather, she said, even sub-zero temperatures. 2a Thechitdren tnd the wet b te ‘When it gets particulaly cold we tight a bonfire and play running around games. In February we were out al day in minus six and the children were perfectly happy. I thought: "If Tean stay out inthis, we can stay out in anything” Tes us that imagine they’re not going to tke the weather. Iv a cultural attitude, but if youre warm and dry, you don't notice.” 34 b Ws Bache borrowed the idea fr the Secret Garden, which will cost atleast £100,000 to open, from Norway. ‘t's embedded ‘in their cultural life, being outdoors, in the same way its embedded in ours to stay indoots, she said. The Childcare Commission, Scotland's childcare regulator, ‘tink is fantastic. They‘ 100% in support of what Tm doing. fa tow nas: > ‘After six months keeping the children indoors, with afew hous’ play in the garden, she realised the kids thrived tutdoors. So, like Alastair and Freddie, they stayed there. “In a normal nursery you might have to learn about shapes, but these children know the difference between an oak tree and a bitch tree, which isa lat more complex than a square and a circle’ she seid. 5 aa ‘The risks can be exaggerated’ added Alasta’s mother. “With the best wil inthe worl, all children wil pick up things even when Im watching then’ she sai But I do think theye probably too protected ina lot of environments. No one wants them to come to any harm, but they/ve got to lear ~ in as safe an environment as is possible.’ The most important thing is that it is a real confidence builder. Strangely, it can be pouring with rain all day, but when they get home they don't even mention the weather. Oot ee 10 M1 Look again at the heading you chose for missing paragraph 1 in ‘exercise 7, Find the paragraph from A-G below that matches it. Underline the key words in the paragraph. PAPER 1, PART 2 Read the paragraphs A~G below and choose the one which fits each gap (2-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. ‘AA primary school and dram teacher for 20 years, Ms Bache left teaching to run a small childminding business from her home on the edge of Letham, about 15 miles west of St Andrews. B Katie Connolly, a graphic designer, said her sons, Freddie and Magnus, four, preferred it to their other nursery. There ‘svt much outdoor space there and they get fustrated. They ‘all about the things they do here alot more, and they bring home bits of fungus or a rosehip necklace and tell me all about it’ When they graduate to primary schoo, alumni of the Secret Garden can expect to be expert in poisonous fungi and able to spot dangerous yew berries or foxgloves, the flowers that contain the toxin agitlis, at a hundred paces. They know what poisonous means, and they really do avoid it. They ‘earn so quickly’ D We've recently had two full days with seven hours of solid rain, and the kids don't bat an eyelid. As soon as it rains heavily here, there's a stream comes down the wee road outside ~ they build dams on it. They loved it’ E Ms Bache looks after 17 children during the week. Their parents are enthusiastic about her approach. Kisty Licence, 40, a doctor and Alastai’s mother, believes the nursery wil be an antidote to Britain's increasinly sedentary, over- protective culture. ‘Childhood obesity isa big problem, and ane of the things is that children spend too long inside. F Their sedentary lifestyle clearly was not helping with their academic progress. As the pounds went on, the marks began to decline and the children showed no enthusiasm about becoming involved in physical activities, preferring to stay {in and battle it out with the TV games from the couch. G Monimail, which sits in a sheltered dip in the hills just south of the Firth of Tay, was bought in ruins in 1985 by a group of Edinburgh psychotherapists as a therapeutic retreat. Now owned by a trust, itis home to environmentaists running a “sustainable living’ commune, Another donar, who has asked to remain anonymous, has pledged £20,000, the first big sum raised by the Secret Garder’s well-connected local parents and supporters. Discuss. What are your views about this kind of kindergarten? o you think it would be successful in your country? 134 Language development: ‘parts of the body’ idioms 1 Discuss. In the fist sentence of missing paragraph D in the text on page 13, there Is the phrase ‘the children don’t bat an eyelid’. What does this phrase mean in the context? 2. Match the three ‘parts of the body’ idioms used in the captions below with an appropriate cartoon. ‘a ‘Jemma’s just had a brainwave! Listen to her great idea. b ‘Tsaw Andrea in town, She really gave me the cold shoulder even though I said I was sorry! "You look a bit down in the mouth. Have you had a bad day?” es EA eI 3 Complete the sentences using idioms from the box below. all fingers and thumbs pain in the neck ‘tongue in cheek bat an eyelid see eye to eye wet behind the ears 4 Bill doesnt lke his new boss. They never My Chemistry practical exam was a disaster! I was and spilled the liquid all ‘over the Floor! Nick’ litle brother isa real He wouldnt et us listen to musi, and kept Interrupting us all the time 4 T think the teacher’ remark about punishing the whole class was ____1 She didn't mean it, did shez © When I told William I was gotng to marty his sister, he didnt James will make a great businessman one day but at the ‘moment he's completely unit @ Phrasal verbs: pick up 4 Inthe reading text on page 13, the phrasal verb ‘pick up’ was used. Which ofthe definitions below matches the context in which it was used? to-get someone and go somewhere in your car to be anested to leam a skill without much effort to catch an illness to receive or detect a signal to refer toa subject that has already been mentioned to increase or improve to get more interesting Match the above definitions to the example sentences that follow. 18 They picked him up trying to leave the country. —__ You probably picked it up at school - there's something going round at the moment. © To begin with it was s0 boring T nearly fell asleep, but fortunately the second half picked up abit. 4 Tl pick you up at seven, Trade picked up slowly over the next six months ¥ Can I pick up on the point you raised earier 19 Dogs can pick up sounds well beyond the range of our awn Even though Julia had only heard the song once, she managed to pick it up right away. Key word: run ‘Ms Bache lft teaching to run a small childmining business.” © Which five things inthe list below cannot ‘run’ or ‘be run’? Use a dictionary if necessary. | bus an idea a risk | counter to someone a business a message a road for cover somewhere a conversation 2 party a story in @ newspaper for office ‘the bath an errand arece | a temperature water 7. Match each definition below with one of the phrases above, to do a task for someone to-go against 0° in opposition to something or someone to publish an article to become a political candidate to-do something that is dangerous or uncertainGrammar: passive forms 1 The following sentences appeared in the reading text on pages 12-13, Underline the passive structures in each sentence, Cathy Bocke is planning to open Britain's fst outdoors rursery, @ lotteryfunded kindergarten whore the children wil tought and entertained in a wood.” Their curriculum wil be devoted to nature walks, rearing chickens, climbing trees, “mud play” and vegetable gardening’ Look at this sentence from the passage on page 13: The risks can be exaggerated. Which of these sentences best represents its meaning in the context of the passage? a People are able to exaggerate the riss. bb Itis possible the risks have been exaggerated. The risks are sometimes exaggerated Look at the following sentences (1~4). Match them with the corresponding active sentence (a-d). 41 The outdoor curriculum wil be regarded with suspicion 2 The outdoor curiculum may/might be regarded with suspicion, The outdoor curiculum can be regarded with suspicion 4 The outdoor curiculum should be regarded with suspicion People sometimes express their doubts about the outdoor curriculum, Iti possible that people wil express their doubts abou Tkis good idea to doubt the value of the outdaor curriculum, 4. People wil certainly express their doubts about the outdoor curriculum, Verbs with passive forms Verbs such as consider, believe, think, assume, su report, et have two passe forms. Consider Feople think he isthe voublemaker. Fotrn 1: He is thought to be the troublemal Foren 2: this thought that he is the te © Rewrite the following sentences using both a. There have been reports of chi school cafeteria They believe that a dolphin rescued the baby. 'S Complete the following sentences using the corect passive form, People consider the five year old boy to be too young to have a motile phone. The five year old boy _ motile phone. bb Thete have been rumours going to become a car park tohavea atthe children’s playground is It ____to become a car park ©The public think that the laws against underage drinking are too strict. The laws too strict 4 They suspect that a nine year old boy broke into his aunt's home and stole money. Aine year old boy his aunts home and stealing money. fe The Government has estimated a 10% increase in the umber of children under 14 who smoke. The number of children under 14 who smoke by 10% People say that the missing boy was 2 loner and didn’t have many friends. _ many friends 4. Police believe she went missing somewhere between the bus stop and Walvern Road it and Walvern Road. > Grammar Reference 2.1, page 170 Passive form with have and get Match the two sentences below with their grammatical use 2 We had the roof of our house torn of i the storm, 1 We had our house painted last month, 4 Replacement of a passive veb when talking about an accident or misfortune Causative form, when someone else does something for the speaker, "2 Some verbs cannot be changed into the passive or they require other changes to be made. Make the following sentences passive. What needs to change or be added?16 Listening: sentence completion SPOTLI PAPER 4, PART 2 Predicting information ‘in Paper 4, part 2 you will need to write down a we short phrase that best completes 3 number of sa studying the sentences before you listen, you c Important information that will help you cor |. Read the following sentence. How many ‘think of that could go in the gap? By keeping his eye on the ‘the right equipment far the ta possible, but you can lin points below: help you focus on the the ‘+ Try to visualise the speaker and the Imagine what information they might ‘© Decide what part of speech (noun, verb, ‘and quantity (singular, plural is required int Is the word postive or negative in meaning? Speaking: using visual prompts 1 iscus. Look atthe frst st of photographs on page 193 + Do you think the activities shown in the photographs are suitable for young children? At what age do you think they should be allowed to do them? BR Expressing opinions In the Speaking Paper, you'l be given the chance: ‘your opinions. You'll need to show that you ca thoughts and ideas coherently. There is no rid ‘answer to the questions you will be asked (on getting your views across, You wil a minute. > 023 Workin pairs. Imagine Speaking Paper. Listen to ani about these pictures Student Read the sentences below. How many words can you think of to-go in each gap? {Some people think my methods are not but I dont let that put me off Linda is staying with Simon _ until her roa gets fixed, Scientists have been analysing the effects of on the local area, O22 earn 4 complete questions 1-8. Most meeting annals nd tat more effective to hunt i aj The fist languages may not have had much{_ Children under Most young mammals can Children in diferent 6) The child's Tre 7 2 You will hear an anthropologist talking about the way language developed in children, Listen and 2 because they lacked refinement Deaf children may have problems learning to speak if they have never been 3] don't need to make much effort to lear a language. 3 | their basic needs to their mother. TPjvoluntary syllable may be a eesult of imitating the sounds around him PB between mother and child may have contributed tthe development of language 3 024 PAPERS, PART 2 Workin pits. Look atthe second set of photographs on page 193, listen tothe Interlocutor and answer the questions. / 3) languase. 6] ae Likely to produce different kinds of babble.Use of English: multiple choice cloze Baucus PAPER 3, PART 1 Recognising option types In Paper 3, part 1 you may be presented with any of following multiple choice options Words that appear similar in meaning, but may ‘quite different contexts. 2. What do the following words all mean? ‘A.unsuspecting 8 unaware C unconscioy b Which of the words above cannot be use following sentence? He was totaly tohim ‘< Which of the above options can be us following sentence? He was an ® Words that appear tobe similar but quite different. 4 Which of the words below can sentence? His are stil little hazy. A conception B perceptia What do the other wo: sentences, __ accomplice ® Words that are all similar in dlifferent contexts. Match each of the words be that follow: Ameans —_ Btool C method 1 CD ROMS can be @useful__to language teaming. =< i. 2. John has his own ___for making soup. 3 Dancing can be an important _of ‘emotional expression 4A dog's tall is an important for ‘communication. © Words that have similar meanings but may follow a different ‘grammatical context. ‘Which three words would fit into the sentence below? Why ‘ould the other word not be used? 8 reports C studies A finding} D research have shown that populations tend to increase iormton Fle 2.1, ice 22. Hw game are you? Complete the questionaire to find out how daring you are22 Reading: multiple choice 1 Read the extract below and discuss what it would be like to be in these situations a) as the victim b) as the rescuer. The boy was barely hanging on, his feet dangling \ precariously over the rocks thirty fet below. Fora ‘moment was unable to move, nauseated by the thought ofthat drop. had o do something, but What iff wasn’t up tot? What if my fear sent us both tumbling over the edge? Angily pushing such ‘thoughts aside, I struggled to focus onthe boy. He cout hold on uch longer. lay down on my stomach, and edged forwards. | might be ata, but {wasn't gong to abandon anther human beng in need. had no rope to help me, s0| took off my bel, and threw the buckle end over to him. ‘Get hold of the bet, and | might beable to pul you up’ I shouted. He turned two terfied eyes in my direction Wrapping ‘the other end of the belt round my wrist, and praying | could hal it | yelled, Hurry, it’s the only way? He grabbed the buckle with one hand, and inthe ‘ame moment, lst his grip onthe branch he'd been holding on to with his other! The sudden weight of him nearly pled me over the edge! Miracuiousy, « a small bush broke my fll and managed touseit ‘lever myself up, and so pul the boy up toa pont ‘where my hand could grasp his. We both fell back ‘onthe ras witha thud. Tae wind wes momentary knocked out of me, and | jus ay prostate, devoid oF all feeling but that of solid earth against my back. Artec Understanding the witers/narrator's Some questions require an understanding their narator’s) attitude to the subj this, we mean thei atttude or ei {Look atthe text above, How does ‘about the prospect of helping words and phrases helped you reach Choose the best answer to the following question about the reading text above ‘The narrator hesitates before attempting to rescue the boy because he's ‘Awortied his belt fn strong enough to hold him. B annoyed about being inthis situation. overwhelmed by the thought of failing in his attempt. D concemmed the boy wan't be able to hold an to the bel. Read the first paragraph of ‘A Close Encounter’ on page 23, and decide what Aqua Quorum is. unit @ 5 PAPER 1, PART 3 You are going to read an extract from an autobiographical account. For questions 1-7, choose the answer (A, B, C oF D) which you think fits best according to the text on page 23. 1 In what way did the writer misinterpret the distess call at fist? |A He thought that it came from an Australian yacht. i B. He believed the yacht in question was close by. C_ He couldnt betieve that anyone was in trouble He didnt think it came from anyone he knew. 2 When he refers to ‘one of us, we can infer that the writer is talking about ‘A. a member of his team, B another Austraian. a fellow competitor. D a fellow naval officer. 3. Why does the weiter suggest he hesitated before sending his reply to Philippe? 1A” He couldn't decide whether to make a rescue attempt or nat B He was afraid he would destroy his chances of winning the race He needed to think about what might happen if he went. 1D He needed a moment to consider the implications of his decision 4 According to the writer, he decided to view the rescue mission as 2 fight, ‘so as to dispel his fear and increase his determination to succeed, because he was angry about the situation in which he found himself because he wanted to think ofthe wind and waves as in order to shake off his feelings of anger and fatigue 5. Ashe turned the Aqua Quorum around, the writer was, amazed by A the boat’ resistance, B the force of the wind. the height of the waves. his feelings of anger. Which of the following does the writer imply helped him face the task ahead? A his faith in the boat B his desire to win his previous military training D his knowledge of the sea 7. Which word best describes the writer's attitude towards his rescue mission? A horified B resolute C resigned D concerned Be EY Difficult words in a reading text Sometimes winen we read we encoun technical or very specific to we don’t understand sense af meaning from eyo ieuneagThere was a tremendous crash and Aqua Quorum was knocked down again. | was thrown across the cabin as the boat groaned under the strain, Through the din | heard he satcom system beeping away. | couldn't believe it vas still able to work on what had practically become 2 yellow suismarine. I strugoled across to the chat table and called up the message. Mayday, mayday, mayday. I was 2 disttess call being passed on by Marine Rescue and Control Centre (MRC) Australia. The vessel in trouble was the yacht lgimouss. Poor sods. I wondered who they were and hoped | wouldn't be joining them. | assumed that she was somewhere near the Australian coast. | extricated a chart from the mess, plotted their position and did a double take They were about 160 miles away. Who the hell would be daft enough to be down here? It never occurred to me that ir might be ane of us. The name Algimouss meant nathing to me as race communications had used the name of the skipper rather than the name of the boat ‘The satcom bleeped again. Ths time the message was from Philippe Jeantot. The mayday was from one of us. Algimouss was Raphael Dineli’s boat and he was in trouble. Philippe 2sked if | could help. | took another look at the chart and realised that things were pretty bad: nat only was Raphael 160 miles away from me but he was aso to windward in atrocious conditions. But had to go, | knew that, It was that smple; the decision had been made for me along time ago by 2 tradition of the sea. When someone isin trouble you help. However, I needed 2 minute to grasp the enormity of i How could we make headway in this? Would Agua Quorum hold together? The reality of what lay ahead grabbed at my guts. It was a cold and clammy grasp. Having made the decision | sat down to contemplate the consequences, I was only fr thity seconds, a minute -I'm not sure. | thought about what | was about to put on the line: my family, my boat, my life. In my own ite world it wes a profound moment that | shall never forget. To ime, and | am sure it is different for everyane, if you Keep chipping away at life you wil eventually get to a clear and simple crossroads. ! knew | had to stand by my morals and Principles. Not tuming back, whatever the stakes, would have been a disservice to myself, my family and the spirit of the sea, fired off a quick fax to Philippe and expressed my. Close Encounte ee —" doubts as to our ability to make our way back to Raphael tnt | was going anyway. | ventured on deck and the fight began. | had to think of it asa fight. shouted at the wind and the waves, and the anger helped to strengthen my resolve. We had to gybe. Oddly it was easy and went like clockwork. | brought ‘Aqua Quorum up ta face the wind, feeling the full force Of the hurricane, as the wind across the deck immediately increased by the twenty-fiveknot speed that | had been traveling downwind. The gust out the guard-ail under and he lower spreaders touched the water. | couldn't believe he energy that was whisting past | winched in the storm jb hard, put the helm down again and waited to see wha ‘would happen, Aqua Quorum was game, it was as if she knew what was at stake. The mast slowly came upright and she began to move to windward. | couldn't believe that she ‘as making about eight knots ~ sometimes more ~ as she Climbed steeply 10 the wild, topping crests at the apex of each huge wave, before accelerating down the fity-foot slope on the other side and into the next trough. It wasn't quite the course | needed - eighty degrees to the wind was the best we could do ~ but it was a start and the wind would ease soon, It had to. Meanwhile it screamed deafeningly through the rigging, sounding like a jet taking off, as Aqua Quorum gamely struggled away. It was impossible to breathe if | faced windward ~ the breath was sucked from my lungs - and couldn't open my eyes. Now that we were committed, | knew that we would do it somehow. The things! earned withthe Royal Marines took, cover: be professional at all times, never give up and make intolgent use of everything to hand. | had asked ot of my boats in the past, ut never this much, I decided to take n prisoners. Aqua Quorum would doit or she wauid break up in the attempt; a man was out there and there could be no half measures. Night closed and we struggled on. The huge breaking seas and the waves were horciying fred of a fax to Tracey asd didnt want her to hear about all this fom someone eke. | made the mistake of telling her ot to worry which was something | had never done before. at this was the ony time during the race ily.concerned24 Language development: phrases with up and down 11 Discuss. The following phrase appeared inthe frst paragraph of the reading extract about a cif top rescue on page 22: .. what if! wasn’t up to i...?” Explain what the writer means here. 2. In pars. Discuss the meanings ofthe following sentences, and rephrase them without ‘using up ot down. 4 What ave you ap to nowadays? b We must get down to some work, ¢ Itsup to you what you do. 4 The cancellation is down to Brian {Tm down to my last few pennies. The children get up ta all sorts at their grandmathers house! What's up? — Tm feeting down at the moment. Great! Finished that ‘thank you' letter! Five down, four to qo! _ J That film wasn't up to much, was it? Phrasal verbs with take % In“A Close Encounter’ on page 23, you will find one phrasal verb with take: ‘The ‘things | had learned with the Royal Marines took over (ine 73). What does the writer mean here? 4 Complete the following phrasal verbs with a suitable preposition from the box below. after apart back for on out overtop You say you're working in the shop, and now at the restaurant as well? You've taken —— too much. bb Have you heard? George Brown has taken __ from Bill Coles as managing director! © Youite absolutely right. I shouldnt have said that. I take __ everything I said against him 4. Tve taken __ a year's subscription of the National Geographic magazine. © Sam took the DVD player ___ to see what was wrong with it, and found a piece of cheese stuck inside it Your mum and mine seem to have taken talking all aftemoon! 4g The lecture was really useful, and Helena took a lot of notes hh ht I'm terribly somy, madam I took you 2 friend of mine! i ‘each other. They haven’ topped Nick really takes ___ his father. He's so Uke him! Te just taken _ snowboarding, Its great fun! Phrases with take 5 Work in pars. Inthe reading passage, the writer ‘id a double take" line 13), and decided to ‘take no prisoners’ line 77). Choose the best explanation for these phrases below. a ‘do.a double take’ means bb ‘take no prisoners’ means i look at something again in surprise {show no fear in the face of danger Ji do something again because you doubt it if fight to succeed, or die tying wit @ Key word: |e |G Match the phrases in A with their ‘meanings in B. 41 are you game? 2 fun and games, 3 the name of the came 4 give the game away 5 beat somebody at their own game 6 play games with somebody 7 what's (your) game? 8 the game's up 9 game plan 10. big game 2 someore’s intended actions in order tp achieve something bused when asking somebody what their true intentions are © used when asking somebody if ‘they are wiling to do something dangerous, new or difficalt 4 used to tell someone that their secret plan or activity has been discovered used to describe large wild animals that are hunted £ spoil a surprise or secret by letting someone know about it © win against somebody by using the same methods as they do hh_used sometimes to shaw disapproval of activities that are not serious 1 behave in a dishonest or unfair way towards somebody to get what you want 4 the most important thing in an activity or situation Z-_Use phrases from exercise 6 to complete the sentences below. a Right, team! Let's get to work, and remember, is ‘efficiency! b We were planning a surprise party for Mum, but Jonas by asking her if his bestfriend could come! Sam, wee going to St. Moritz to do some extreme snowboarding. Ok, Kathy. T know ‘ts you making those noises, so you ‘an stop ni € Dont. me! T know youte nat really my Fiend, so go avay!Grammar: moda! auxiliaries in discussion \\ > 11 Work in pairs. What can you see in the picture above? Use the following structures to make suggestion Itcould bee Te might be It must be. Tecant be. Speculation and suggestion ‘We use may be, could be and We use could have. the past. Deduction “ We use must to talk eduction, when something is true ' We use can’t ang to talk about negative deduction, when ‘we are certain that something s_ not true, Assumption We use will or would to make {an assumotion, when we think something is tue without having > Gramma Reference 3.1, page 171 Decide if the following statements show speculation (SP), suggestion (SU), assumption (A) or deduction (0) You could try phoning her to apologise. (..] bb You may find it works bette i you turn up the volume. [..] © Twas wearing my glasses during the History lesson, so T must have left them in the classroom. [1 The phone's ringing, Mum! That willbe Sarah. She said shed call today (1 ‘@ He never thought she might leave him. [1] Mr Newton said he'd be wearing a black raincoat and hat, so that must be him over there! [..] 4g Te cant be Sallys husband! He's on a business trip in Spain. [..] 232 Listen to.a conversation between aman and his wife, and answer the questions below. {8 What does the man say isa posible reason for Jane's lateness? b- What assumptions does the woman make? ¢ What deduction does she make? We use may /might.. ut when we want to refute someone else's argument or comment, or qualify someone's criticism af us. Complete the responses tothe following Comments. Then write whether the response refutes (for qualifies (Q) the comment. "You don't know much about the Middle Age “Tight have studied History, but bel b You're a real chatterbox!” 1___, but at least I've got something to say’ [..] PAPER 3, PART © For questions 1-8 below, complete the second sentence so that it hhas a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and six words, including the word given. 1. Tm certain that’s my umbrella, because i's got a brown mark on it. so That umbreli's gota brown mark on i, mine, 2 James hasn't called. 1's possible he's forgotten my birthday. have James _ because he hasnt called, 3. [definitely didn't write that note, Lyn! That's not my handuriting! ‘written I Lyn, because that’s not my handwriting! 4 Paul sald he would call Api to tell her hes not going tothe party, and Tm sure he has. will Paul her he's nat going to the party, because he said he would 5. Tve definitely dropped my keys someuhere, because I remember putting them in my bag this moming must remember putting my keys in my bag this morning, so someuhere, 5. ‘Has Anthea gone to Dubai yet? I don't think so, because she hasrit called me to say goodbye.” would “Has Anthea gone to Dubai yetT don’ think so. She 7. Ws true that T lost the match, but I played well goodbye. ot 1 the match, but F played well. 8 Although he's goad with animals, he's not very comfortable with people, may He ______ animals, but he's unable to relax around people. . 25PAPER 4, PART 3 Understanding the speaker's In part 3 of the Listening Paper, it's often Understand the speaker's attude towar ace talking about. This can be dor their voices, and the language t 11 Work in pais. Practise the various tones of voice belos ‘Wow did you manage to do that?" a amazed —-b angy 3.3 Listen to four people. Choose the attitude A-E which best matches each speaker's feelings towards their subject. There is one extra option you do not need to use. 2 disse Sonar C frustrated pe D nonconmital = phlsopicl unit @ 23.4 PAPER 4, PART 3 You will hear part of a radio interview with the mountaineer and explorer Nikos Magis. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, 8, €or D) which fits best according to what you hear. 1 For most ofthe year, Nikos Magitsis works Bata school B for the local authority. C ata sports centre D privately 2. While kayaking, Nikos and his group were surprised by the sight of an unusual animal B a school of dolphins. © a sunken ship. D the local people. 3. According to Nikos, mountaineers ‘A often misunderstand each other's intentions. B experience friction under extreme conditions form close bonds with the surroundir D appreciate the importance of trust in 4 Regarding the problem with frostbite on Everest, Nikos is 1 philosophical B frustrated indifferent. D dismissive The tean’s first attempt to climb Carstense Pyramid failed due to 3 ‘anical problems with ther helicopter. reements with their sponsors, disturbances caused by local dissidents, D a lack of sufficient time and funding 6 Nikos’s conquest of Carstensz Pyramid was spectal because it as A the frst time a Greek had done this. B the second time he had climbed it. Ca dream he had had since a child his second historic achievement for his country. Discuss. Do you do any kinds of adventure sports? Why or why not?EXAM SPOTL PAPER 5, PART 3 Interactive task In part 3 ofthe Speaking Paper, you'll be photographs or drawings to form the bes ‘ask that you will carry out with yo in the form of questions, wil sheet. You willbe expected and justifying opinions, eva towards a negotiated decsio 1 In pairs. Look at the pictures above and ‘you would most like to do. 2 PAPER 5, PAR” 3 In pairs, turn to page 194 and answer the questions. Use of English: open cloze Bc ease PAPER 3, PART 2 Sentence structure In this part of the Use of English Paper, you are {il in missing words, The task is mainly gram read the passage through fist, before because some of the missing words ma ‘+ time reference words x + introducing a secondary or relative clause 1 Whats the missing wrd inte following sentence? 1856, thore hes been an Oxford and ‘Cambridge boat race almost every year. 2 Time reference words Complete the following sentences with cone suitable word, Explain your choice a she left university, Marcia got a job in advertising ° going to university, Kevin had worked as a waiter in Rome fora year Secondary or relative clauses What is the missing ward in the faliowing sentences? © Diana did not do well in the Maths test, upset her. The party was a great success, with lots of people ‘to music from the eighties until three in the morning, Text references Remember to think of the meaning of the vihole text. One word may refer back to @ previous sentence, What is the missing word in the following two examples? © Annette is terrified of dogs. Her mother says {is probably because she was bitten by one at F Peter was terrified of heights the tee. 2 age oF five he climbed Prepositions and particles Complete the following sentences with a suitable preposition 4 Roberto has given up skiing to concentrate __his studies. fh Scientists have been conducting research __ the potential health benefits of drinking tea. PAPER 3, PART ? For questions 1~15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Beyond) the: pain, barrier ‘Alongside extreme sports, endurance sparts are gaining ‘in popularity (2) its debut at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, the triathlon has hecome ane of the world's fastest developing ‘multi-sport’ endurance challenges, with thousands of races (2) __held every year. Usually, races consist (3) __a swimming section, followed by a cycling stretch, then culminating (6) aun, The individual legs of each course ‘may vary in distance, and events are held on different levels. For instance, the Olympic event (5) 1.5 km swim, a bike ride of 40km, with a 10km run to finish. This is (6) __as the ‘standard course.’ For those masochists who really want to push (7) beyond the pain barrier, there are the Ironman long- distance triathlons, requiring competitors ta swim 3.8km, cycle a grueling 180km and then run 42 kn. However, (8) ___ athetes have the stamina to endure such distances. Most (9) _ the Olympic course more accessible, {In any typical triathlon event, competitors are separated into categories (10) ____ to age and gender. Some events (11) —_— incude special categories called ‘reawyweight and ‘lightweight éivisions, and shorter races ae organised to allow children and teenagers to compete. The sport is popular (12) all ages, but particulary 35-50 year-olds. Sociologists have suggested that (13) is because "of 3 need within this age group to break (14) | from the routine of ther daily life, and a desire to push themselves (15) __ the timit. Whatever te reasons, athlon now constitutes 2 major multi-sport event 2728 Writing: 2 format ietter Discuss. Should schools be allowed to take students on activity holidays, or holidays abroad, or should they be restricted to day tips to museums and galleries? Explain your reasons. Read the following question. itis the kind of question that appears in part 1 of the ‘Writing Paper. I it asking you to write a formal or informal letter? PAPER 2, PART 1 You are a teacher. After a school sking trip in which two teenagers were badly injured, an article appeared in your local newspaper criticising all school trips of this nature. You have decided to write a letter to the newspaper, expressing your views. Read the extract from the article below and the notes you have made on it. Then write a letter to the newspaper. | i Ti NSN ne |) Girerexere problem of supervision on such schoo tips. sages cae ere those pupils propery catered 109) (0 4 Asrheyed staders!20 Ist realistic to expect a group of fifty uncon! || eae hor ternayose, . Students to be safe in the care of cnicren+ —andful of teacher Should school trips) 3)q_) Kia ites fours aa? Gerhaps be restricied to educational visit) yey si juscums and places of interest?” PAPER 2, PART 1 Writing a formal letter Jn part 1 of the Wiiting Paper, you may be required to ws to read the instructions and the input material carefull who you are writing to ‘why you are writing ~ to complai ‘what information you need toi ‘what outcome you expect from your le ‘Work in pairs. Read the question in four points mentioned above. 1 Read the answer on page 29 to exercise 2. Has the writer considered the points ‘made in the Spotlight carefully? Is the letter well organised? Is the language appropriate for the intended reader? The writer fails to use the correct register consistently in their answer, and several phrases are rather informal. Decide which phases are inappropriate, and use suitable phrases from the 'In other words’ section on this page to improve the register ofthe letter. Not all of them are necessary. unit @ Using your own words ‘The writer of the letter on pag also ‘its’ many phrases direct! ‘the question, and doesn’t va language. She will lose marks © Using the tines provided, the following sentences ‘own words. First, the students jn After al, do parents watch their teenage children 24 hours a doy? ‘Skiing holidays give students and teachers the chance to relax together Dear Sir/Madam. To whom it may concer, T would ike to present an account of the situation from my own point of view. 1 would tke to present my own account of the occurrence. This event was unprecedented, and ‘occurred as a result of ‘This occurrence was the first of its kind Unfortunately, this kind of activity does not always interest students Therefore, I feel it would be a mistake to suggest . would be grateful if my letter could be published in the next issue| Dear Newspaper what happened | read your article about the recent skiing accident, and I want to give my view 0 First, the students in question were properly catered for, but disobeyed strict instructions to stay with the rest of the group, here were five teachers in charge — one for every ten students ~ so, | them the whole time, After all, do parents watch their Something like this had never happened before! suppose there could have been more, but the teachers were w teenage children 24 hours a day? Your article suggests we restrict school outings to educational day trips to museums, but this is often boring. Not everyone is, interested in history! Skiing holidays give students and teachers the chance to relax together, and improve relations between them. So, I think you're wrong to suggest that such trias should be banned. Accidents lke the one you mention don’t happen every readers another view of the situation day. Pease print my letter to sh Yours, Discuss, The letter of response above is too short. What is missing? 8 PAPER 2, PART 7 Answer the following exam question You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appropriate style. letter you You are the physieal education teacher. Recently, one of your students broke her leg during a lesson, Read the extract fro received from the git’ parents below, and the notes you have made on it, and write a reply, expressing your views. )before each pupil atiempis to use it, which did not happen >, tat there was insufficient supervision of the students on the day in question, We feel during the Gymnastics session, resulting in our daughter being injured, Write your letter.30 Vocabulary organiser 3 00 25 Use the Wards in capitals at the ‘end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the gap. The view from the top of Niagara Falls is AWE Flying ina helicopter was a. experience. Never again! TERRIFY His words were very and 1 s00n calmed down. REASSURE 4. Standing at the summit after a long climb is EXHILARATED. @ found the journey and needed two days to recover from it! EXHAUST 3.2 Reading, page 22 Complete the sentences below with a ‘word or phrase from the reading extract, 1 The gardener put his hand In the hole and Large, fat worm, Tn this competition the are high, as everyone is determined to win’ 3. Peter was not sure about his decision to enter the race, and the poor weather conditions did litle to % "You must be to pay all that money just to see Madonna in concert! 5 ‘Do you know what I had to Jn order to many you? Hy father nearly threw me out and disinherited 6 ‘That was the worst restaurant Ive ever been to! The service was and the food was inedible.’ ‘3.3 Reading, pay 2 23 Find a word or phrase in the text which, means the following: 1 noise {pare 2) = 2 message asking for help [pare 1] 3. separated (para 1] 4% stupid [para 1] 5 terrible (para 2] {6 made me feel sick with Fear [para 3) 1 place at risk {para 3} 8 9 the risks [para 3] = make me more determined [para 4 : 10 willing to do something dangerous [para <] unit @ mre anguage development, page 24 Match the following definitions with one of the phrases with up and down. 6 be reduced to misbehave begin to concentrate on doing experience slight depression bbe not very good be the fault of (someone) £05 List the definitions ofthe remaining phrases on page 24 in your notebook. Then find the definition for the phrase ‘we've been having our ups and dovms' in your dictionary, and add it to your lst. 8.8 Langu 9 Ueveloricr\ ays 2! Next to each of the following definitions, write the correct phrasal verb with take. 41 mistakenly think one person is anather 2 regret having said something 3. resemble someone in yout family 4 write something down on paper 5 accopt responsibility 6 start a new activity 7 take control fom someone else 8 obtain something by applying for it and paying the 1 1% necessary fee 9 Like immediately 10 separate something into pieces of the definitions above can also mean: 1 return something 2 Invite someone to go somewhere with you Look in your dictionary to find more phrasal verbs with cae. Creare) Word partnerships: take | 7 Which ofthe folowing phrases do not use take? it from me something ving down 1 ‘the bright side | it out of you something as read a mountain out of a molehill } the bull by the horns five your hat off to it or leave it cor break it the wind out of somebody's sails no prisoners the hard line itwith a pinch of salt kindly to1 Discus. Do you know what ‘Eureka’ means? Sie Where does the expression cont (Tf ua 2. GENERAL KNOW!EDS¢ Work in pais. le 5 tis naw believed that dinosaurs became extinct because of 2 Val diseases hunting by eary humans ameteorte impact 2 Unlike mest other fish, sharks 6 Charles Darwin began developing have no eoty of natural selection While a bones, ing on a shin named b teeth a The Enterprise ils 3 The metal mercury is 4 the hardest known metal ‘An android is any robot that liquid at room temperature 2 has more than one basic function. ighl radioactive. bs built by other robots. sours a are ere looks and acts lke a human ‘along ime at very 8 What s special about Sus, the Dog Star? nperatures, would you end tis the brightest stain the sky ? b italways les directly above the high a North Pole obsidian (a kind of volcanic glass) ¢_‘Itemis staccato batking sounds © adamond which radio telescopes can detect > sfomation file 4.1, page 202 ‘3. Which of the photos on this page would you associate With the following categories? Some pictures may fall Jnto more than one category. archaeology 1 astronomy physics genetics geology oti inventions electronics rathematics chemisty palaeontology prehistory forensic science biology32 Reading: multiple matc! | Discuss. What functions or purposes do robots serve in today’s society? What role do you think robots will perform in the future? Benne Scanning texts for information Sometimes you have to read a number of texts 2 particular piece of information. i's not Understand everything you read, but it to identity the main points % Quickly scan Text A below to find .. athe type of metal the robots were mad the name of the computer game designed by Steve Grand © why Steve Grand wes awarded an OBE | 3 When scanning more than one text for a particular piece of information, it helps if you can identify the main theme of ‘each text. Read the two book reviews, then summarise the ‘main content of each in one sentence. Read the following sentences. Decide which ofthe texts (A or 8) each question refers to, or if it refers to both. 2. This book seems to offer advice on building tabets that can think 4/8 / 80TH This book seems tobe about building robots that Look lke people 4/8 / 80TH This book was written by someone who has always been fascinated by robot 4/8 / 80TH 4. This bok is interested in understanding human inteigece 4/8 / 80TH P Growing Up With Lucy See Gr Sore by tet Sout Steve Geard lesmed about androids from camic books when he wasa kid They were ‘bul from shiny thrium and were mach Stronger and sarer than hunans. He assumed tht by the te he was an adult Such rrachnes would be commonplace. Fe gray up and became a programmer, sesning the sucesful computer game Creatures, Yeas ater, he was anarded an OBE for his work on artifical fe Ard sti ‘here wee no ancrods ~ 50 he decded \ ‘a buld his awn, Unforunatly, he quickly éscovred that those soi wes “were ‘dossing otra fw ofthe snags. Bling 2 ‘robo: hat can move around gracetulyand ‘hin for tse is ot nar than ise This book seems tobe about unit @ wv gtexts "Understanding Intelligence by Ral Peer and Chistian Scheer Revised by man Haney Hfyouwant to understand how a machine works, take ft apart and put it back together. Tha’ not, of couse an option for understanding the bran ~ youd find yourself wth eoting but a sticky mess. So why not do the rest best thing buld your ovn smpie ceatue, a robot, and ‘ee how that works. Surely wth the power of todey’s computers ve can put togatber something that fas fied intelgence, and studying that might gve us insoht into the wong of a lving brain. Unfortunate, when it comes 10 tiling moble robots that can look after themsehes, the clsscal artical ateligence notion that “ean equals computer isa nonstate “Trishock seems tobe about Discuss. Do you know when dinosaurs disappeared from the earth? Do you know if any are stil alive today? Scan the six book reviews on page 33 quickly to find the answers PAPEW |, P:R # You are going to read an article (on page 33) containing reviews of dinosaur books. For questions 1-15, choose from the reviews (AF). The reviews may be chosen more than once. In which review are the following mentioned? a science that was once fashionable with the rich 1 a book that ‘lustates evolutionary progress with artwork 2 ‘a book that is meant to be taken lightly 3 * the possible cause of the dinosaur extinction 4 © a book that is informative and visually appesling 5 * a book that conjures up a colourful portrayal of einosaurs 5 '+ an explanation forthe invention of 2 legendary creature —_ related animals that exist in contrasting environments 8 +a writer who has the right credentials forthe job 9 * information not strictly based on facts gleaned from fassis 10 a book that details a period of time in Earth's history 1 * a description of dinosaurs that still exist today 12 + a place where the study of dinosaurs may have begun Ba * people who made an impact on a particular scientific Feld Ta evidence that early humans shared an interest in fossils 6 In pairs friend of yours is interested in dinosaurs. Which of the books on page 33 would you choose to give them as a birthday present? Explain why,o Dinosaurs of Tay by Cstiano Dal Sasso and Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, evolution and structure by Zofia KelanJanorowska, Richard ie and 2he-X' Luo What i Italy ferous for? Food, yes: flash cars, for some; footballers and feb fashions... Italian dinosaurs? Italy was arguably the home of paleontology roe than 500 years ago, soit is ‘uprising tat is dinosaurs have nat received too much publicity, and certainly high time the story of Dinosaurs of Italy, ‘is tol, Allis revealed in this nice litle book by Cristiano Dal Sasto of the Museum of Natural History in Milan. AS a legitimate member of the small ntematonal community of eicosaur experts, Dal Sasso is well, paced and qualified to tell tne story ofthe dinosaurs of Italy and their Ascovery forthe general reader. 9 The Cretaceous World euited by Peter Skelton Reviewed by Douglas Palmer : 1f the Cretaceous conjures up anything ata its probably some vague association of call schol blackboards and big white cfs on both sides ofthe English Channel. Bright sparks might also know that Cetaceous times were brought to an abrugt end by a bolt fom the blue, a big bang anda sticky end forthe dinosaurs. But do you know what chalk is actually made of What was going globaly between 142 and 65 milion yeers ago? IF you dnt know, then you ought to, and ‘ ‘The Cretaceous World is the book for you. Ok, it 2 textbook but it’s ow a texthook should be. To begin with i is actualy 2 joy to look at Nom. f only the same team could address themselves to the remaining dozen or so periods of geological time CS steam a eee ee c) Dinosaurs ofthe Arby Gregory Pout Review by Jeff Hecht Dinasaurs no longer thunder across the land, ut they do flutter aman te tres and paste around the pond. Evolutionary speaking ‘modern birds frm hak to hurmingbitds ae avian Ainasaurs, descended from suit two legged predator: Uke the velocaptors of Jurassic Park Gregory Pauls 9 tile, Dinosaurs ofthe Air symbolises te competing links that he documents. sparrow perched on a twig is far from our usual view ofthe elephantine Apatosauus (better knov as Brontosauus) or the terrifying Tyrannosaurus rx. Yet under the skin they share the same anatomical kinship as bats and als, two mammals that ealved into profoundly different fom. The similarities among dinosaur and bird fossis ae sting Paul includes his own careful drawings that shaw how anatomical features shade gradual fom dinesaur nts the ns e Chasing monstrs by Michael Benton and The Dinosaur Hunters by Deborah Cadbury People have always been fascinated by fos attracted by their curious shapes and ray. & and axe fom the eaty Stone Age contains 2 fossil ints side. The ancient Greeks tased their mythical giants on dinosaur sls exposed in eroding cif. Fossil finds inspired dragons for the Chinese and suggested griffins tothe Scythians. These days, ofcourse, we can unpicksuch myths and often identify some of the species that gave rise to them. Common fsss even acquired folk tales and names to match: thundetstones, of ammonies, vere supposedly lightning truck serpents, coed ina spiral and bound in stone bythe force of the shack. Tere’ also a fasi mollusc whose shell resembles a large, ualy,clawike nail To eary discoverers, these were obviously the devi’ toenail e ‘, . The Dragon Seekers how on extaoinany icl offosststs discovered the dinosous ‘and pated the woy for Dain by Cavistopher MeCowan \ Reviewed by Simon Knell Does every science have its eroic age? Geologists certainly think so: thels spanned the Fist 50 yeas of the 439° century, when geology was bom as 2 rigorous and essentially modern science. And historians agree. OF course, the science had realy ‘been gestating for more than a century, but extraovinary characters suddenly threw their energies into exploring the pas. fn the 1810s a coincdence of scientific and socal cicumstances tured tis eato- Sclance Into a social phenomenon. Soon the most fashionable science {in olan, knowledge of geolony was sought by the gentry. the scientific Uterat and provincial plosophers. Geology ci not lose its appeal, even hen t became preoccupied withthe arcane details. | Field Guide to Dinosaurs by Henry Gee and LuV. Rey Reviewed by Jeff Hecht This is a work of Fiction’ says the intoduction, but author Henry Gee and artist Luis Rey det mate allof up. They began withthe fats knoe frm dinosaur Fossils, then errapolated other details that are’ evident from the bones. In fone sense, thts nota ramatic step beyond painting colour potas of Ainosaus, since fas presere no cue of colo. Yet it is also a daring move because the casual reader worft know immediatly what is based on sold scence and what comes fiom the fertile imaginations of Ge and fey. Your Best bet i to relax and enjoy A Feld Guide to Dinosaurs in the ay spr he authors intended r 33| 34 Language development: colourful language 11 Inane ofthe book reviews we learnt that ‘ietaeous times ‘were brought to an abrupt end by a bolt from the blue." What do you think the undertined expression means? 2 Choose the best option (A, B or C) to complete the sentences withthe correct idiomatic expression, 1 You can complain aout il you go__- wort mate any diference a al. A Hue moon 8 Bue nthe face ble around the gis 2: Tryeu don pay your debts promptly. you could end up on someone's ard then youl indi hrd to get ced any Aiock mark 8 Hackeard ——C Hacks 3. Youd better not spend any more money or youl end up asain Ninthered 8 seingred Cin red tape 4 My grandmother used to have such her gardenanays Leoed 0 beaut Agen finges Breen ands green loves 5 Stop complaiing! You naw the grass nays lols on the other side! Alder ——B greener € yellower Key word: tell Inthe reading texts, we learnt that ‘Dal Sasso is .. qualified to tell the story of the dinosaurs of Italy.” We can tell a story, we can tell a lie, we can tell a joke. How many other ‘things can we tell? Read the sentences and match each with the correct definition told myself it would be allright in the end could tell that she was lying. Did she tell you the one about the turkey and the fox? car's tell the twins apart What this tells us is that she was here at 8 o'clock ‘The pressure hegan to tell the night before the exam, Michael was told off fo talking in the lesson, ‘to communicate a joke ‘to put something into words in your own mind to give encourage ot persuade yourself about something if facts or events tell you something, they reveat ‘information in other ways (not speech) 4 fan unpleasant experience begins to tell, it has a serous effect © t0 reprimand or rebuke someone for something F to judge a situation correctly based on evidence 4g to differentiate between two or more things unit @ 4.1 Listen to a mini-dialogue between two friends and ‘complete the gaps with an expression formed from tell, Grammar: the future Discuss. While there is no future tense as such, there are many ‘ways to talk about the future in English. Underline the future forms in the sentences below. 1 The icebergs will melt within the next forty years. 2. By the end of this week I will ave been working here for ten years This time next week weil be fying to Mexico. The match starts at two so you'd better hurry. {fm going to visit Julie after Tve picked up my dry cleaning ‘James will be here for another hour. wont forget to write to you By the time you'e ready everyone else wil have left. It looks like i's going to be one of those days! 10. Tim meeting Mark outside the cinema2 > Grammar Reference 4.1, Now match the future forms on page 34 to these uses. {programmed or scheduled events b statements of fact predictions 4 promises pre-arranged events f intentions or plans 4g. statements based on present evidence actions in progress at a certain time inthe future 4 actions which willbe finished by a given future time J. expresses the duration of an action or state at a given future time age 171 Other ways of expressing the future 3 rr Rewrite the sentences below in two different ways using the words provided. 42 very nearly picked up the phone Tas just Iwas on up the phone, POINT John is sure to pass his exam. Sohn is his exam, BOUND is is exam. CERTAIN He is due for a promotion. he promoted. SHOULD Ws promoted. TIME Think fs very likely that everyone will have a computer In my opinion ther’ good = have a computer. CHANCE very mach ooust have a computer en Future time in subordinate clauses With certain time reference words, a cifferent 1 sometimes used in the subordinate clause to the the main clause sentences with the explanations 1 Fllwalk the dog wil By the time Peter gets As soon as they ave, tak the oven oll 4 won't do anything until ve heerd from Dad. 2 one action happening after another action has happened 11 two actions happening simultaneously © one action happening immediately after another done action that will be completed belore another ‘one happens > Grammar Relerence 42, page 172 up the phone. ABOUT 4 Ceres Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 Once the roof _ (be) fixed, 1 (move) back to my house b (not / leave) until you (tell) me where you put my keys. ¢ When you (decide) to tell him the truth, he _ (stop) bothering you 4 1___ (phone) you as soon as the results (errive) By the time you ___ (get) this message, 1 (leave) the county. Read the text below and underline all the future forms. Correct the ones which are wrong. In Decemer 1900 4 magazine calied The Lois Home Journal contained an article which featured a vartety of predictions about life in the 20° century. Here are a few of the predictions that were made. 1 There will have been almost 500 million people in ‘America and countries in Central America and South ‘America are wanting to jon the American Union, 2 The letters C, X and Q wil be disappearing from the English alphabet due to lack of use and spelling will have been phonetic. English will have become the most extensively spoken language in the world and Russian will have come second. 3 Automobiles are cheaper and more common than horses. Even ambulances, hearses, police patrols, hay wagons, ploughs and stest sweepers are going to be becoming automotiles 4 Giant guns will be able to shoot 25 miles or more and destroy whole cities. Aerial worships and submarine boats are to be used in warfare 5 Cameras will have been connected electronically with sereens at the end of circuits thousands of miles any, enabling audiences in one part of the world to-view something happening in another part of the word atthe same time it happens. Giant telephones ‘ate going to provide the sound at the same time. ¥ it won't not be necessary to eat more than one at cach meal. Discuss. Which of the above predictions have come true? 9 Write alist of predictions of your own describing how you believe things will have changed in 100 years from now. ~ 6 Strawberties will be being as large as apples and Eo | =Speaking: three-way task 1 Discuss. Inthe future do you think it will be essential to know how to use a computer to get a job in your country? Boma PAPER 5, PART 4 Developing topics for discussio Paper 5, pat 4s an extension of part 3. The interlocu Introduce some topics for further discussion, usually i connected to the themes already discussed in parts a threeway activity, with both canciiates expected and develop points of discussion, 2 G42 Listen to two students {above) in part 4 ofthe exam, What do. answers? Sometimes you may think you don't ‘about a topic. The topic may no} bbe something you have never t the questions you wil be asked knowledge on the topic; they are just a demonstrate your speaking Sil. : Sometimes you may find that your partner has covered the point you wanted to raise, What can you do in this case? 3 In pairs, discuss the following topic point; How far do you agree that the computer is the greatest Invention of modern times? "When you have finished making your point, prompt the second ‘andidate, using expressions such as: What do you tink? Bo {yu agree? How about you? © PABER 5, Pas In pairs discuss the following point. Change roles s0 that Speaker 1 is now Speaker 2. Try to speak equally ‘on the subject and prompt each other if necessary. Listening: getting the gist 3 basen Discuss. In your opinion, what is the most important item that has ever been invented? What would life be like today without it? Bromo rnd PAPER 4, PART 4 Listening for gist In Paper 4, part @ you have to do two tasks simultanes Although you will hear each extract twice, you shou about invertons and jot down important Key words to help you focus onthe gist The fist has been done for you. Speaker 11» 9charound,erraze,pelurion, svt, city Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 F107 4 Listen to the complete extracts ‘While you listen you must complete both tasks. Task one For questions 1-5, choose from thelist (A-H) the person who is speaking A a house-wife /-husband Speaker TE] 2 schoo teacher Ca parent Specker2 [fie 0 ana : swater? fa student eur 3 [Tad f awiter Spear an ache —— fa mien Task wo For questions 6-10, choose from thelist (AH) what each speaker is deseribing, A a centrally installed vacuum cleaning system 8 the bioyde seater [_ [6] © the wheel speaker? [1B 0 the rao spesker3 (El the mobile telephone seeurs F the internet - G computer software Sora (lil 4 satelite 17Use of English: prefixes Ea 4 prefix is a letter or group of | ‘hich is added to the beginning ‘word in order to form a di sere are some examples. sree = legible = aisage illegibl jvelop— dress redoveion __undress 2 PAPER 3, PART 5 For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in regular possible = capitals at the end of some ofthe lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the inregulae ble same line arrange | adequate | rearrange | inadequate | Mysteries of computer from 658C are solved - ‘A 2,000-year-old mechanical computer salvaged from 2 Roman ; a into fu tnd sri hve : 1 Add a prefix to each of the word finaliy unravelied the secrets of how the sophisticated device works. groups below: The machine was lost among cargo in 658C when the ship carying : ee ree isan te cnt of eat Mand Se corey sorte ages eee ee —_| hoe bmn ya) th dec ohkavaow | 2 —— Inown tobe an) Glin cnatieoftacing |: Siam & eee eins sae wth ems) te poston tes, i” espana rst; cecal een bode ad te pa othe nom, Aacgits report: — moving one coe cs onde wae, Gly cok =o Bh ara te ; —lingual ‘Thought to date back to 150-100 BC, the object had 37 gear wheels eee 6 it to follow the movements of the moon and “ ai ‘Sen moh eae pt einer and vnc te eg aaa a otbit ofthe moon, : 4 violet; __marine: __sound @) _____, scans showed the device uses a type of gear a 5 ne enti {Ris pul nad ahve ben rtd nh 16% —tirectory century. The level of miniaturisation and complexity of its parts is meditated; historic; __fixed (9) _ to that of 18° century clocks. Experts believe a ac 0 Ale {to fete ctlatlann dvs ose ger shes ad yr ‘the most sophisticated objec to be found from the ancient and meaieval periods. No one knows why the Greek technoiogy invented for the machine seemed to (10) No ather wos civilisation is belived to have created anything as complex for another 1,000 years The road had to after the floods. SURFACI 3 Imafraid to say they were ‘martied for many years. HAPPY.Discuss. Do you read articles in magazines or newspapers? ‘What kind of style do they have? Are they formal and serious or informal and chatty? How do they catch your attention? What makes you want to read on? PAPER 2, PART 1 Analysing and organising input material inthe fist part ofthe Writing Paper, t's essential thatiyou Mak 00d use ofthe material you are given. Make sure you understand hat the question is asking you, and then underine the key words that would help you to answer Look at the question below and the input material, Underline key words or phrases [ Ascience magazine aimed at young people has invited readers } to send in articles about how they envision the future. Read the readers comments and write the article, referring to the points ralsed and describing your own vision of the future What does the future hold? Its a question we constantly ask ‘ourselves and yet i's not e8sy to predict what may happen in different arees of our ives. Write to us and tell us how you think ‘the future wil unfold, The best articles wil be published ce | ie locked population wi affect society. Robots will be doing all the best jobs! cin transport problems? In pairs. Decide what information you would use and discuss how you would use it to answer the exam question above. Discuss. The following two articles were sent in to the magazin. Which one do you think is more likely tobe published? Why? 33 | unt@ Futurology — the survey Ina recent internet survey about the future, it was found that 78% of people believed climate change would make a significant difference during their lifetimes, ‘Another 25% of coastal residents believed their homes. would be underwater within the next 40 years, while 53% believed the earth is facing a global extinction css and that many species of animal wil disappear forever When asked about medical interventions, 11% believed parents should have the right to genetically engineer their unborn children, while 65% said they supported research to wipe out genetic diseases in unborn children. Moreover, 52% believed living a longer life was a good thing, while 65% said they thought society would not be: able to support an ageing population. Asked about technological advances 40% said tney hought robots would be doing all the best jobs. Concerning traffic problems, 88% sald restrictions should be imposed for environmental reasons and 65% said they would use their cars less if they were charged by the kilometre, An astounding 78% said they would welcome 4 more efficent public transport system. It looks as if our traffic problems will soon disappear. t lacks as if everyone has a different idea about the future but miost people agre, it will certainly be diArticle 2: Without a time machine, it's impossible to sey for sure how things wall tum out, but in my own — somewhat pessimistic - view of the future, 1see a world where much of the earth's flora and fauna will have become extinct = 2 world with polluted skies and seas. Thanks to climate change iceberos will have melted and coastal waters will have risen. A soaring human population will live in ‘overcrowded cities further inland. A select few, the super= rich, will have everything they need, while three quarters of the global population wil face starvation. ‘And the population will continue to increase. In thewestern ‘world, medical advances will have helped to eradicate most diseases and people wil Ive much longer. However, societies will struggle to support this ageing population, many of whom wal be forced to keep working untl they are well into their nineties. Mecical interention wil have made i Possible for mest infertile coupes to have chien, vile the supecrich willbe abe to ‘desion’ thei babies, and select the (qualities they would like them to have Technological advances will mean that many households wil hhave a central computer and at least one robot to camry out ‘menial utes. Most people wilbe walking or cycing to work 2s legislation will have made traveling by car very expensive, ‘and only the very rich wil be able to afford private transport, “That's the future | see if we don’t change our ways. | think ther futures are posible too, but we have 1 act fast if we ‘want them to became realty 5. Look back at both articles and circle all the key words you'd already underlined in the input material. Which article made better use of the topics that were given? the future tenses and future forms thatthe writers les above. What do you notice about them? 7 first article the writer used statistics and percentages. It's very tring to read numbers in this way, so ty to use a variety of phraes instead, For example, 99% of people could be written as ‘mast everyone’ or ‘the vast majority of peopl’. ‘7 How else can we write the following numbers? 3 10%, Pena eer es Editing your work In part 1 of the Writing Paper, you have to wn ‘and 220 words (as opposed to up to 260, Iman oe bn et aa concisely, : © Article 2 has 266 words and is therefore to0| safely be removed to reduce the total length to 220 words or less without changing the meaning 9 PAPER 2, PART 7 Follow the steps in the Spotlight on page 38 to answer the question below. | how they ee the future of education. Read the extract and | comments fom patents below. Then wt an ate forthe | magazine referring tothe pins raed and descrbing your | own vision of the future of education, In fast month's edition of Modern Families. it was proposed that ability 3. super - religious 4 en~ 4 media 5 multi - fe decided 6 ir f consider 7 dic functional a in- he human 4.1 Writing, pages 38-39 The following words all appeared in | | | | ‘the magazine articles, Replace the underlined words in the sentences with the mast suitable alternative from the box. There is one extra word, astounding eradicate flora and fauna legislation menial pessimistic residents restrictions soaring 4. Tthought the things he said to Jane were absolutely surasing Unfortunately, settlers managed to wipe out the whole species, ‘There are a number of limits you have to be aware of at the college, Tas fascinated by the diversity of wildlife in the area He spent three years doing tiring, unskilled work in prison. Stop being so negative al the time! looked up at the elevated peaks of the towers above. Local inhabitants have complained about noise levels from the factory Seer ‘Word partnerships: tech- Nouns: technology, technicality, Technicolor”, technique, | techno, technocracy Nouns (persons): technician, techie, technical support, technologist, technophobe, technophile, technocrat Adjectives: technical, technocratc, technological | Adverbs: technically | Using the words above, fine: a person who hates technology a special way of doing something scientific knowledge used for practical purposes 2a form of modern music with a heavy beat 2 repair and advice service that soime companies offer to ‘their dients _ 66 a person whase job involves skilled practical work with scientific equipment 7. a system of colour photography used in making cinema ‘lms 8 a way of saying that something may be true according to fact, laws or rules, but may not be important or relevant in a particular stuation 1 2 3 4 5Review 1 Units 1-4 11 For questions 110, read the text below, Use the word given, in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line On the question of corporal punishment We tive in civilised times, or so we keep telling ourselves. Yet, tne increasing level of @ ‘behaviour and violence in schools has led a number of teachers to star demanding the reinstatement ofan archaic and, to most of us, (2) law. They 2 HUMANE | i feel thatthe present laws regarding punishment in schools are (3) ‘to deal with 3. ADEQUATE adolescent students wha are constantly “ leaving teachers feeling 4 OBEY exposed and (5) As a result, 5 PROTECT a group of teachers have petitioned the Government to (6) the question of 6 CONSIDER permitting corporal punishment in schools Although this has caused some (7) 7 AGREE and debate among Goverment officials, the Minister for Education remains (8) 8 FLEXIBLE ‘onthe matte. In a moving speech, he stated that a return to the age of beatings with the cane would be totally (9) __, going against the 9 ACCEPT LUN convention on the Fights of the child. The problems of (10) behaviour should 10. ORDER be dealt with in other ways, since t has been proved that teating violence with violence does nat work. 2 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. 1 Tidont really see David any more, but once in a__he phones me and we talk of old times. ‘A red sunset © green fila B blue moon purple heart 2 He was... to Finish the race, despite being so tired. A exhausted © relaxed B petrified D determined 3 oe, you'd better lie down. You're ____a temperature!” A making © taking 3 wunning D raising 4 [___when I saw how they destroyed my plants. A saw red was green 8 went red D went yellow “That was mean and unfae! 1 want you to take everything you just sald about me!” A out © back 8 off D down 6 That was fantastic! Your raft travels so fast, its really! A exhausting 8 teriying 7 made a real mess of my presentation! I was ___, kept Aropping my notes, and knocked over the microphone twice! ‘A wet behind the ears Ca pain in the neck 8 allfingers and thumbs down in the mouth reassuring D exhilarating 8 Until J find work as an actress, 'm working asa child minder to make Ait © ends meet B my debut D arname for mysetf 9 Nick really takes _ his uncle. They even laugh in the same way! A after © apart B for Din 10. They thought of selling up and moving to Australia, but decided to stay and try to make ___ the business. A do with © ago of B out D up for Circle the correct ending in italics to complete the phrases in each ofthe following sentences, 1 The children hada great moming, but a soon as their frends Ie, they got up t / down to work tidying up their room 2 Kevin dit baton eyelid / a finger when Sara tld him she vas leaving, but just sai, 0h, OX then 4 After the dsastous mectng, they agreed to wipe @ new laf / the late dean, and start agai vith a differen approach. 4 Give your child fee wil/ en to exorss hers, and you wil help her build self-confidence. 5 dont balive it! You've done some prety stupid things in your time, but tat ealy takes the biscuit / the bul by the homs! {6 The change of plan ts up fo / down fo Tom. If he'd come hone atte, we wouldo't have missed the tain’ 7 Take paintbrush and some colours, and let your imagination run wid / free. 8 did't ike the design, so tore it up and started from square ane / sate. ‘Choose a suitable verb from the box below to complete the sentences. There are more choices than necessary. bring about clamber embark on activate bound generate hop initiate instigate _ Launch into leapmarch paddle prompt provoke skip ade I stride stroll trigger 1 The two little gts happily off dawn the road to buy an ice cream. 2 The Mayors speech crowd. 3 A couple of Chelsea fans were accused of __the. fight that had broken out after the match of Satuday. 4 Now were retired, my wife and I often enjoy along the sea front in the evenings. 5. Right! You stand on one leg and Finishline, carying an egg on a spoon! 5 His kind words "her to ask him ifhe was married. 7 My father doesn't walk along the street, he as ‘fhe were still in the army! & Before _such a dangerous journey, it would be a ‘good idea to pack a first aid kit. 9 When Andy goes salmon fishing, he _____ into the middle ofthe river before casting his rod 410. The new headmistress has discussions with ‘the student council regarding the question of bullying in the school an angry reaction from the _ towards the TT42 Be Complete the mini-dialogues below using the verbs in brackets in a suitable tense, 1A: How ate Ann and Tim, by the way? Do you hea fom then? 8: Oh, they (go) last year, actualy. Tim at work for along time, so they pack it all in and leave, Apparently, they {open} 2 hotel in Alicante, and believe it (Go) realy wel! 2 fz Right! I must dash! 1 (G0) to pap in and see my gran on the way home, but I don't want to miss (move) to Spain! They (not be) happy (decide) to ‘Lost 8: I thought you said Nike (come) ound for a ‘meal tonight. A Oh no, T (forget)! £ (have to) go shopping! Tve no idea what we (cat)! 8: How about making him a chilli? 1 (really like) that one you _ __ (make) for me last week ‘A: Good idea! Thanks! Bye 3A So, how (it happen)? B: Well, 1_____ (ride) my bike along Price Street. It (be) dark, but the moon (stine), so T (can) see fairly well. Then this car just (come) from nowhere, and (crash) into me! PAPER 3. PART 5 For questions 1-8 below, complete the second sentence so that it hasa similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Frente es cetera Sete rca ee be Wr Sth 1S narod mt dance te targa te years ago ale he ce Se 3. Athough weve been frends fora long tne, I don ays srierstand hes a We along time, but dort sire tet al ‘There Rave been rumour that Pete and Zane are getting iil eS = rete ong aetting mare. 5 They finally got marie Last yen, fering together or twelve yeas been ise cig nett, twelve yore 6 Ts ikely that tocalesients wl be usps ofthe companys plans fr developmertin the ae may The company’ plans fr development. ~ ‘th sspion by lal residents review @ his teaching methods. 7 It definitely wasn't Paul you saw with that girl, Because ne jn Glasgow on business! You that gi, because he's in Glasgow on business! 8 Jason intends to visit the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu when he goes to Peru next month. is When Jason goes to Peru next month, he — ‘the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu PAPER 3, PARY 2 For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which bets fits each gap. Use only one ‘word in each gap. ‘Sunshine and showers during dinosaurs heyday Dinosaurs might have known an astonishing amount about what we think of as a quintessentially contemporary problem: global warming. Fosslised vegetation from 65 milion years Q ‘in the Cretaceous period, reveals that places Like central Siberia were actually alot like present-day Florida, @ lush fers and lats of rain. ‘Academics from various universities in the UK examined fern leaves which had become fossils to estimate temperature at the time. (3) _ of the 0 degrees centigrade that climate models (4) led them to expect, the average temperature was far warmer. Based on this study, there are three 6 reasons forthe difference in results to their ‘expectations. Occurrences such as continental dit, differences (6) ___ atmaspheri chemistry or the shape of the Eart’s orbit round the sun (7) ___ have made the world so different then @ the models we use for today's atmosphere ©) mimic it. However, some academics argue that (10) explanations don’t adequately explain the results. Te 21) __ well be that the fossil evidence (2) been misunderstood. (3) ‘here isa third explanation, for perhaps the internal physics of the madels claiming to explain extreme warm climates is wrong. IF so, that (24) be very problematic for today’ climate ~ for it hints that climate change models may be underestimating the magnitude of future temperature change, (15) would turn out to be larger than currently predicted. 'B Complete the following sentences with a suitable future form of the word in brackets. 1 We're so late, that by the time we (Finish) their meat! 2 Ina few years, almost all university coursework (conduct) ontin. 3. As soon as John (finish) painting, 1. (be able) to work on that project. 4 ‘So, what have you decided to do?" 1 truth, and T hope he (believe) me." 5 ‘By this time next week, we (Grek) across the Gobi (Get) there, they (tell him the desert! 5 By 2020, people (0 longer use) landtine phones. 11 (ee) Anika later, and we (think) of going to the cinema. Do you want to come? 8 Fiona (take) her driving test this aftemoon.’ ‘She (be bound to) fail, as she's hardly had any practice!”Topics: Internet crime, ONA, profiling, road an Language development: veibs followed by prepositions! verbs with turn key word: ow Grammar: verbs fol infinitive or sing EXAM MENU. Reading following a line of argument gapped sentences Listening: distinguishing information Getting started |b Discuss, what do you think the connection is between these two photographs? What kind of crime is committed via the computer? Speaking: sivng peson ‘2 impairs, Read items 1-5 in the ‘Strange but true’ box below. 4 oes ‘Number them in order of severity and decide how you think a Writing: a report ‘ach one should be dealt with, Report your decisions to the rest —— of the cass r Did you know... A Chinese woman recently cutoff her husband's right hand & ayshop owner who had gone bankrupt was because of his addiction fo the Internet. The man asked he tried to 0b a hank using a toy water pistol the court to forgive her because he sai it was his fault for from his shop. breaking his promise to stop. 5 ASerbian man left a six foot snake inside his car because 2 Police in Florida, USA, are looking fora ite gt, aged about he couldn't afford an alarm. He was arrested after it escaped. | Seven, ho tried to steal two boxes of Lego at knifepoint {Police in Brighton, UK, are ging to put on extra patrols on| 3 In Bulgaria, an escaped convict tured up at his olé prison and rights when there s a full mean, to combat an increase in asked to be let back in because he was missing his Friends, violence 3._Does the decision in point 6 above surprise you? Why or why not? | “© Discuss. Which of the following crimes do you think cause the greatest problem for law enforcement agencies? Give reasons for your choices. rafficking fraud —_‘idnapp son computer hacking44 Reading: gapped texts Read part ofa headline from a newspaper article, What do you think the article is about? Of Worms and Woodpeckers: the changing world of the virus-busters Scan the first paragraph of the article to find out who the ‘woodpeckers’ are. Who of what do you think the word ‘worm right refer to? PAPER 1, PART 2 Following a line of argument in a text if you find that more than one option seems to fit a particular ‘gap, be careful to read the whole of the preceding paragraph and the one that follows the gap. Make sure that your option fits both Read the opening sentence of the article more carefully. Decide which two of the three paragraphs below could follow it a They have been working solidly forthe last ten hours, developing some of the world's most sophisticated ‘cimeware’ to date. bb inspired by such impressive surroundings, these young people are engrossed in their task, creating 8 rpew computer game for the American market © Ina former life it was a nuclear research facility at the heart of the cold war. Now this dark skyscraper is home to a different kind of power struggle. Read the second paragraph of the article again and decide Which of the paragraphs in exercise 3 is correct. Explain your choice Beene Supporting points in an argument There are a number of diferent ways to support inan article, For example: é 4 Statistical examples e.g. 35% of the po, bb: Read the following sentence. What kindof information would you expect o follow it? They examine and create antites to more than 200 pieces of code every day, but itis 2 task that i proving increasingly difficult Look at the gaps between the paragraphs. Try to predict which of the support points in the Spotlight on Reading above (a,b, oF ¢ you would expect to see in these paragraphs. wit @ OF Worms snd the changing world of fighting rise in Insiae 2 gloomy tower block on the novtn-wvestern ‘outskirts of Moscow 2 team of young computer programmers is deep in concentration. 01. ach day a dozen team members at the antovirus firm Kaspersky Lab ~ mostly in their late teens or ‘early 20s and nicknamed ‘woodpeckers’ work In 12 hour shifts to crack, decode and eradicate some of the world’s mast malicious computer ‘vnuses, of ‘crimeware’. They examine and create antidotes to more than 200 pieces of code every day, but itis 2 task that is proving increasingly dificuk. thal The danger of crimeware and hackers is being recognised by authorities and law enforcement around the globe. Last week Britain unveiled plans to stiffen its computer crime laws, doubling the maximum jail sentence for hacking to ten years and making ttilegal to own ‘hacking tools’ such as password cracking software. And with ‘good reason, say experts 2.4 Eugene Kospersky knows the mind of acyber- riinal better than most. For 15 years he has worked on understanding viruses and ther reators is company is one ofa host of ant vtus and internet security companies fighting keep their customers secure, Its a battle that 5 ‘ettng bigger. According to figures released by the FBl last week, around 90% of people have ‘experienced computer security problems recently Research publised lest year suogested thatthe lobal cybercrime industry is now worth more than the international legal drugs rade. 3 lal {tis alla fer ery from the earliest days of hacking, ‘when vituses were created by bored teenagers. itis 20 years since the fist widespread PC virus, Brain, which was crested by brothers Amjad ‘and Basi Faroog Ali, Brain was a piece of luickery that began as a benign experiment but left corporate America shaking, Although there had been viruses before, business simply didn’t ‘understand the concept of security. AS 2 result, Brain caused panic io; ad iene Bia Gaus Ba 4L] uit the days of payng for un ae ong gone, According to research, just 5% of mais programmes are now vitlen by bares teenages. The rest ae produces by ever increasing numbers f professional criminals anc fraudsters. “tof people ae tuck nthe 1950s, wth theirimage ofa vrs we a a kid eating pizza in thei bedroom, sed Graham Cley, an expert wth Sophos Infact, they are now much mee Seneus, and mich aster” Sid “The hackers change in attiude has ao had othe side effects. There are no alobal epidemic ike tere were n the past’ sd Mr Kespes, ‘ist oca oes. Several years 260 vrus epidemics regula ht the headings. Nw the smarter focus from criminals mesns they don’ et os much coverage, despite beng more successful Some experts say this creates a sense of complacency. 6L ack in his Moscow laboratory, Mr Kaspersky directs nis woodpeckers as they cope with a new influx of cimewar. Outside is winter utr the his warded OF bythe banks of screens. He kos that job wll ‘ever be over Sometimes when you fel ilyou can go 0 “he chemist, and sometimes ou need © 99 to hospital Shrugged. ‘But people wil never stop getting sick Text organisation features Comparison: When writers make 4 point, they fen compare the present situation with the past The modern computer is very diferent from Chaeles Zabbage's invention. He envisaged a sophisticated sthematical oo), and could not have imagined haw would develop into today's tool” Look back atthe article and finda similar example ofthis kind of comparison, Reference: Frequenty in a formal tex, more than person may be mentioned. Each person wil ally be introduced by ther full name and ttle fist. gene Kaspersky, the founder af Kaspersky Lab 1 later referred to as ‘Mr Kaspersly.” Read paragraphs A-G on the right and find ‘ferences to another expert. Which one is likely to come first? Read paragraphs A-G below and choose the one which fits each gap (1-6) in the article. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. ‘A Mr Viveros agrees. Now that there's money involved, the threats have become alot greater. The widespread adoption of broadband internet means that hackers have targets they can always access. Hackers don’t want to damage computers any mor, they want to own them,’ said Eugene Kaspersky, the founder of Kaspersky Lab, They've started to run direct attacks wiere just one business, or even just one computer, is infected.’ ‘TF the guys on the News at Ten aren‘ talking about en the guy on the street doesn’t think about ity said Mr Cluley. ‘But we're seeing fewer massive ‘outbreaks, because actually clever criminals dont want access to 200,000 bank accounts at once, because they cantt cope with that mary. Instead they got access to 200, and just keep going back for more. The problems are les likely to get headlines, he says, ‘but that makes them more dangerous. Over the weekend thousands of computers worldwide were crippled by the latest vius, Kama Sutra. The ‘worm, which spread through emails and inside computer networks over the past month, was estimated ‘0 have caused tens of thousands of pounds of damage as it attempted to erase files on infected computers Last week the Russian stock exchange, a short distance from Kaspersky Lab, shut down for an hour ater a virus attack ‘Avharmless but annoying vius which contained the names ofits creators, Brain spread worldwide in just few months, making it the frst widespread PC vius Then in 1992, the infamous Michelangelo came on the scene, One of the fist viruses to get widespread media coverage, the reach of Michelangelo ~ at one point predicted to hit § million machines ~ turned out to be far smaller than anticipated, ‘what we saw 20 years ago was really technical enthusiasts, and people creating proof of concept viruses, said Sal Vveros, a security specialist with the ant-vtus compary McAfee, ‘For the fist seven or ight years that was relly who made these things, Trrough viruses and worms, hackers can control thousands of computers ~ turning ther into ‘zombies ‘After that, they can steal people's identities, engage ‘them in complex fraud or blackmail, send spam, attack websites, or un eyber-protection rackets. Te internet security firm Sophos estimates that an unprotected computer connected to the internet has a 50% chance of being infected within 12 minutes.Phrasal verbs with turn Language development: verbs followed by particles In paits. In paragraph G of the Reading passage on page 4S, we learn that ‘hackers can blackmail.” How many verbs connected with crime and punishment can you think of? Make a list. What structures are they followed by (particles, infinitive, etc)? Work in pairs, Complete the following newspaper report using sultable particles from the box below. fer in © with Jilted lover's plot for revenge ‘There may be an element of truth in the saying that ‘hell hath no fury like a woman scored’, if the case heard recently at the Old Bailey* is anything to go by. ‘Atop businesswoman was convicted (1) __inciting her new boyfriend to kill her former partner and his wife, Amy Hynde was furious when her lover of 22 years, Cve Layne, told her he'd found someone else. Unable to cope (2) the rejection, Hynde resorted (3) @) sentenced (12) ___ 15 years’ imprisonment. “Note: The Old Bailey is the central criminal court in London. In paragraphs E and G of the article on page 45, the phrasal verbs ‘turned out to be’ and ‘turned [them] into’ appeared. Match them to their definition below. a was discovered to be _ made someone become Choose one of the particles below to complete the phrasal verb in each of the following sentences: down in to out over on in off | | 1 Tm exhausted from studying all day. I think Tl tur __ and have an eaty night 2 When his business went bankrupt, Ken turned his brother for help. 3 This company/s doing very well, and turned of $4 million last year.” 4 know all about his illegal activities. I have decided to turn David asked Sarah to marry him, but she turned him __. 6 As Simon walked up the garden path, his neighbours dog suddenly turned him, and bit his arm, 7 They tuned the water supply fora while to repair the boiler. 8 Sam's landlord turned him __of his flat because he had paid is rent for three months. unit @ a profit repeatedly sending Layne hate mai, accusing him (4) treatment, A year later, she began a relationship with another man, Adrian Lewis, and confided (5) __ him about her feelings. When Layne changed his wil, leaving everything to his new wife, Hynde and Lewis decided to act. Lewis contacted an acquaintance in search of an assassin, but the police were informed (6) __ his plans, and this led to an undercaver officer being sent to pose as the ‘hitman’. He met with Hynde, taped their corwersation and subsequently atested her. She was charged (7) soliciting murder. At first, Hynde tried to blame her boyfriend forming the plan, but then admitted (9) __going along with the idea. Lewis confessed (10) crime, claiming he was ‘blinded by lave’, and the jury found both guity (11) __ soliciting murder. They were Key word: law engage [people] in complex fraud or ‘abuse and unfair the Use a dictionary to find out what the phrases in the box below mean, be against the law break the law be above the law | by law enforce the law lay down the law law-abiding | law and order law enforcement lavsult obey the law 0 your own hands within the law Complete the sentences below, Use phrases in a suitable form from the box above. 41 The problem of the Queen's missing dog has been keeping agencies busy across the country, 2. But officer, Iwass! Twas enly driving at 40 riles an hour!” 3. Politicians sometimes make the mistake of thinking they ‘and can do what they want. 4 Kelly has decided to bring a against her next door neighbours, regarding the noise they make. 5 All owners of a television are requted to have a TV Geence. 5 Police have difclty maintaining in some inner-city areas 7h ___ to drive after you have been drinking ‘alcohol in many countries. 8 ‘Joe's Dad was realy angry, and we could hear him through the closed door!"Grammar: verbs followed by infinitive or -ing 3 Some verbs can be followed by either -ing or infin eure Place the following verbs into the correct category below. advise agree appreciate. arrange ask attempt avoid choose contemplate are decide deny encourage enjoy expect face fail involve let make order persuade practise pretend refuse threaten invite remind Choose a suitable verb from exercise 1 to complete the following sentences, In some cases more than one answer may be posible, 2 You must playing the piano for two hours a day! 2 Tom ____ to break his brother’ train set if he didn't shut up. 2 Te to have the kitchen painted next week.” 4 Ann going to Switzerland for Christmas, but changed her mind at the last minute 5 Claire having an affair with her boss, but Kevin did't believe he. to (like, remember, etc). Look atthe pairs of How do the verb forms in italics change the m 1 don’t like listening to my teacher | don’t like to olsturb my teache 2. She remembered seeing Patrick. the party, but not later on 3 ‘Olver went on taking fo ‘ell asleep! Trixie went on to thank the 4 Sony, meant fo tel you about the m “Sorry, but this means having a meeting the morning!" sl 5 Helen stopped to tal to her neighbour. “will you stop talking for five minutes!” Followed by infinitive without to —_— | 5 PAPER 3, PART 5 For questions 1-5, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the fist sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. 1 “Give me your money or Tl shoot yout’ said the thief to the old lady. ‘threatened The thief her money. if she didnt give him 2 ‘Tdid't take the wallet from your bag, sir, honest! cried Ronald. denied Ronald from his teachers bag, 3 ‘When you went into the room, Mrs. Smith, did you notice anything unusual?’ asked the police officer. remembered The police officer asked if __ then she went into the room. 4 ‘ean't phone her at this time ofthe night, it's too late!” Uke 1 __so late 5. Diane told the police she hadn't intended to burn her exchusband's house down. mean T fire to my exchusbane’s house, officer. Really” > Grammar Relerence 5.1, page 172 4748 Listening: sentence completion Discuss. What do you know about forensic science and DNA analysis? Have you ever seen any TV series’ or films about this? In pairs. In science and technology, a5 well as inthe area of government agencies, a lot of specialised terms are referred to by using initial letters. For example, the initials ‘DNA’ stand for deoxyribonucleic acid. Choose the correct fll length ‘phrase forthe following well-known initials, 1. The initials ‘CIA’ stand for 2 Central Investigation of Advertising Centra Intelligence Agency 2 The initials (SI, from the American te forensics, stand for Criminal Science Tnsttute Crime Scene Investigation sion series about 5.1 Listen to someone talking about DNA analysis. The speaker mentions the following RFLP testing, STR testing and PCR testing ‘As you listen, match each abbreviated phrase withthe correct description below: Requires only a very small sample of DNA, which may be slightly degraded. However, this form of testing is highly susceptible to contamination. _ bb Requires a small sample of ONA, but this must be recent, as degraded ONA is unsuitable for testing using this method Requires large amounts of DNA from recent samples. LUsten to the extract again, and summarise the main point the speaker makes into one sentence. Is it necessary to understand all the terminology to answer the question? unit @ Bee Distinguishing key information In part 2 of the Listening Paper, you have to complete eight sentences which summarise information you have heard, When you listen, you need to isolate the key word or phrase needed to complete each sentence. Read the following sentence, It is a completed sentence from a Paper 4, part 2 exercis seariey te pans scare Oe | aotearoa 6 5.2 Now listen to the extract. Which word or phrase do you | aioe teapots ae a 8 533 Listen to a criminologist giving a talk about DNA profiling. For questions 1-8 complete the sentences. According to Daniel, before the advent of ONA testing a ____was the main source of forensic evidence. Thanks to technological developments in DNA testing, one man was recently convicted of crimes he committed between @ and 1986, Daniel thinks the (3) an unrealistic image of DNA profiling {s responsible for creating He regards the view that ONA testing alone can prove that 2 person is quilt as (4) ‘A number of scientists have expressed concern that forensic evidence presented in the case of Bary George was 6) DNA analysis can now be carried out on a (6) sample, which enables cases from years ago to be solved. Today, the odds of more than one match being found are approximately one in (7) Daniel says that despite technological advances, DNA is not 6) __ and mistakes are made © Work in groups. Read the following statement and brainstorm arguments in favour of a DNA database, and also arguments against it. Create a large table similar to the one below for your points ‘A national DNA detabase containing DNA samples from every citizen is the best way to ensure our county becomes safer place to lve. Points in favour of @ DNA database Points against DNA database |LU Class debate, Form two teams ~ one in favour ofthe statement, and one against forming a DNA database, and hold a debate.Use of English: gapped sentences Brune PAPER 3, PART 4 Finding the right word Io part 4 of the Use of Engish Paper you are giver ‘tree gapped sentences, which have the same .wotd ii the same form and nat of speech Sometimes a word may fit two ofthe sen ‘hid, Make sure that the word you ch Graham's main ‘In order to achieve your work hard.” Lizzie picked up the gun, took Which other word could fit the first two 3 Circe the following phrases which cannot go with the word in bold. Use a dictionary to help you. a show (vy)... Leg, your face, .. somebody the door, off, .. your eye, .. your hand, ... the way b face (n) put on a brave a, factor, rock wn @ long keep a straight ..,.. value, make a press (v) charges, home, «on, Out, a for 4 Wht (adj)... elie... Fingered, ... on your feet, ‘mannered, .. sleeper, ... hearted, ... headed keep (¥) goal ns HOUSE, we Work, watch, . going, 2 record, ..to yourself, in with f eharges (1) face, drop oy [0S€ ny BEESS vn TVENSE 2 PAPER 3, PART 4 For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. 1 ‘When you sit the examination, you'll need to have your passport with you as of identity’ Detective Sergeant Davies was convinced his suspect had committed the crime, but needed to find of her uit. ‘dane, did you check the printed?” before it was 2 Although her neighbour had threatened her with a knife, Ali decided not to press against him, ‘Hello, operator, Td tke to make a call and reverse the —___ to ... Toronto, Canada (ur nanny is very fond of her young and Carrie. 3. The police decided to search of the missing weapon. The teacher thought that Steve had stolen his wallet, and made hin, out his pockets Don't worry. Tesa’s always late, so she may up yet” anny the house over in 4 Tma vey ass woke me. The teacher told a few jokes for some from all the work the students had been doing sleeper, so the sound of breaking reliof was stil ven we arrived at the camping spot. 5 ‘Donte wolf too often, or people won't ever take you seriously. The postman was too terrified ofthe dog to cut for help, and simply ran away. ‘James keeps visitng Jen, but I think he just needs @ shoulder to ‘on after his divorce, Speaking: giving personal information 25.4 Listen to the first part of a CAE examination interview, where the examiner asks two candidates about themselves. ‘Then compare the answers given by the two candidates. PAPER 5, PART 1 Talking about yourself In this part of the Speaking Paper, candid play football every Saturday, and I train tice a week What do you think isthe: English? te Listen again, and make notes on how Beret expands her ‘answers to include more detail Look at some of Juan's answers below. Try to expand them, in 2 similar way to Beret. Ym working, and tr (onasaeeeWriting: a report Discuss the following: a. Is there alot of traffic in your area? Is your area safe for pedestrians? © What about cyclists? ‘Accuracy and organisation ‘writing 2 report needs caret because each paragraph req The question usually helps you asking for specific points, | has asked you ro wit a report on oad | 3. Look at the following three opening ‘paragraphs in answer to the question above Which i the most appropriate? & a The question of ro: safer im out area 18 a 1 centroversiat sue, due fo the Tact that tro lever of trattie nas increases srleahy in te last ex | years, whereas the need | d | ft measures has largely been sgnored. 50 unit @ the ar erie trae signal, the amount oF raf ad igs, er, are il also suagest some ways oF improving the uation y © The aim of this report is to evaluate 3 Toad safety in this area, by examining 4) f) the level of trafic, and the provision of traffic signal, peestian crossings and cycle lanes It wll consider their effectiveness, and make recommendations for unproveients, | nananeancatsneneassanannnnsnt Discuss. What is wrong with the other two ‘options? In other words 55 Reports require formal language. Their purpose is usually to assess a current situation, and make recommendations for improvement. The opening paragraph ‘outlines the aim of the report and the points it will address, and so its style is ly standard. Make sure you build up 2 bank of useful words and expressions for your introductory paragraph. a. Use a dictionary, and add formal quivalents to the words below. * look at - examine + consider ~ assess, + suggest - bb Notice the use of nouns rather than verbs in formal language. Write the noun forms of the following words: evaluate provide consider effective recommend improve phigaa © Look at paragraph b in exercise 3 Rewrite it using some of the formal language you have found© Now read the rest ofthe report. Does it answer the question? If not, make recommendations for improvements Heading: ‘he level of trafic fn the area has increased dramatically during the last three years, asa result of the construction of a new industrial park on the edge of the tovn. Not only are there more cars on the roads, but also an increased number of heavy goods vehicles travelling through the town centre, A lack of parking facilities means that cars park on the roadside in the centre, often blocking the road for large vehicles. This causes congestion and delays, and has given rise to complaints fiom Local shop owners and business people. Heading: _ Despite the rise in traffic little has been done to improve road safety The town centre itself is fairy well catered for, with a sufficient number of traffic lights and pedestrian crossings. The main problem les in the residential areas of the town, particularly those in the direction of the ‘industrial park, such as Rookwood, where there are several schools, yet traffic signals and pedestrian crossings are scarce. Several accidents, fnvolving schoolchildren have been reported on Hampton Road in the last few months, and local residents are extremely concemed about the fact that | there are no cycle paths near the schools, Heading: There are several ways in which the situation could be improved. One would be to construct a by-pass for heavy goods vehicles to travel to the industrial. patk without having to pass through the town. Also, the construction of a mmult-starey car park in the town centre would help reduce congestion in the streets, while the creation of more pedestrian crossings sith warning signals near the schools in Rookwood would reduce the risk of accidents occurring Give each paragraph a suitable heading, In pas,Read the fllowing exam question, then baistom dea fo your respons, Pan your paragraph headings on the ines Below You wok at a teacher, and the papal has asad you to we a repr on the standards of aey in your col. You shoul consider the presence of | fire escapes, fire doors and fire fighting equipment, in relation to the fact that class sizes have increased, and make recommendations for improvement. 9 GSS Listen toa schools safety inspector giving a talk on fre prevention, and write down any points and vocabulary which are useful for writing an answer to the question above, 110 PAPER 2, PART 2 Write your report, Use between 220 and 260 words | | | 5152 ADEE bam geri aed 5.1 Reading, page 44-45 Write definitions for the following words and phrases in connection with computers. programmer == ~ antidote cybercrime ceyber-eriminal hacking 5.2 Lauquags development, pave 45 Replace the underlined ‘words in the sentences below with a suitable verb structure 4 Police thought that Lary Jones committed the crime. 2. Sally told Wayne she thought he had stolen her money. 3. Sergeant Vyne caught Jones and took him to the police station. 4 After questioning, Lamy said that he had robbed the bank, with help from his gifriené. as 5. Lams gitriend said she hadnt helped him. 6 The police officially cad that the couple had committed the crime and prepared to take them to cout. 7 The court found Lary guilty of robbing the bank. 8 The judge decided he should go to prison for thee years. >> Language development, page 46 Circe the correct preposition to complete the sentences below. 1. Mandy didn't know what to do, so she turned in / to her father for help 2 Last night, Chartie was tired and tuned in / out early. 3. The officer asked Maria to tur out / off her engine while he arate the ticket 4 The business turned over / down a profit of $30 milion last year. 5 Mum said the eggs will need to be turned ¢o / over in two minutes! Ere | Word partnerships: cry today is '2 far cry from the earliest days of hacking’ | Match the phrases with ‘ay’ in A with thei definitions in 8. la i [nami ae on ees ncaa Docing “cy fou, cry wot, cy off, ay out fr, a vere 1 shoulder to ry on NOUN: a farcry fom, bate cry | GERUND: it's no use crying over spilt milk, for crying i ‘out loud | ADJECTIVE: a crying shame J ee Choose the best phrase to complete the sentences below. 1 The potice met with opposition from local youths when the tried to 2 lay down the new law break the new law B enforce the new law D take the new law into the ‘wn hands 2. dames thinks he is and can do what he wants becsus: his father isa friend of Prince Charles, A a law unto himself 8 within the law C above the law 0 law-abiding 3 At school, no one questions the headmaster; his word Ais law 8B is tylaw is within the law D obeys the law 4 agencies around the world are trying to stop drug tuafficking.. A Law enforcement B Law and order 5 You are requited entering this tertitory. [A within the law to show proof of identity when 8 bylaw 5.5 Use of English, page 4° Decide ifthe definitions for the following phrases are true or false. 1 To ‘press charges’ means to make someone else pay for your phone cal. : 2 Toput on a brave face’ means to nat show how apse or Eien ar 3 To”show your hand! means to make your real intentions clear. : 4 To'be light on your fee’ means you have a tendency to run away fom responsibility. 1 5 To ‘keep in with someone’ means to be friends with someone in order to gain something from them. TF phrase used to encourage support fora protest or campaign need something desperately something very different from something else spoken phrase shawing annoyance or impatience someone ta liston sympathetically to your problems say you cannot do something you have agreed to oo _ask for help when you don’t need it ‘protest that something is wrong or unfair say that something is very sad or upsetting don’t waste time feeling sorry about a mistake that connot bbe changed 8 unit @Topics: Language development: Grammar: Reading, Listening: Speaking: Use of English wi ing) healthy ifesty itionals and text analysis Understanding main points describing pictures allocations an essay Discuss. Which of the following factors are the most important for a healthy life? Number them in order of priority, giving your reasons. Then match the pictures on this page to the points below. 2 Consuming plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables Avoiding stress and tiredness (—] Eating organically grown food @ Wot wate ng too much TV [ Developing a strong immune system and exercising regularly F Not using chemicals in the home Doing yoga and meditation |] Going to the doctor and taking ication 26.1 Listen to three people discussing some of the above topics. Which topic (@-h) is each speaker talking about? Speaker one. Speaker two Speaker three In the Listening task above you hheard the speakers use the following phrases: 1 ‘to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause’ 2 ‘to boost the immune systen! Which was the speaker associating alternative heath techniques? © conventional medicine? In pairs, Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of altemative and conventional medicineReading: text analysis 1 Discuss. How important is diet to a person’s physical health? Brom Understanding written texts The following techniques wil help you to gain a a wnten text 12 Number the methods listed below ino a Work out the meaning of né WM Read pans ofthe text understand it, 1 © Underline key words orp the quesion. =] 4. Eliminate wrong answers from mu ‘dentiying fae or mseading inform ‘3 Read the text below. As you do so, try to utilise techniques a and b from ‘exercise 2 above, Which ones helped you most? Question: Ist true chocolate is good for your Answer Recent evidence suggests that chocolate — rich in substances that may actualy help fend off heart ds substances are known as flavonoids and are not limited to chocolat flavonoids are ako present in onions, grapes, red wine and tea, among other plant-derived foods. It appears that flavonoids have powerful antioxidant effects. Additional preliminary research on chocolate shows it ‘an aso favourably affect blood clotting and the relaxation of blood vessels, Will any chocolate do? Unfortunately no. Many chocolate products such as cocoa powder and chocolate syrup, are typically processed with alkali, removing most of these beneficial flavonoids in the process. And milk chocolate has fewer of these beneficial chemicals than dark chocolate. So what are you to do? Until further research is conducted, focus on foods proven to help enhance heart health and prevent disease ~ fruits, vegetables and whole grains for example. But, allow yourself to enjoy a smal piece of oduct once in a while most chocolate products (candy bars, confections, cocoa hocolate syrups) ae traditionally high in calories and total fat, so incorporate these foods into your diet with discretion, ‘One day we may find we can ‘have our cake and eat it too’. Until then, moderation is sill key. t health? Tell pecially dark chocolate eT fark chocolate or choco 4 Look at the questions below. The correct answer is given in bold. Highlight the parts ofthe text where ‘the answer can be found. 1 What do we learn about flavonoids? 1A. They prevent heart attacks. B They appear in large quantities in mile chocolate, They can easily be found in various plant- based foods. They can slow down blood loss. 2 The writer advises readers concemed about their hearts to 1 eat chocolate whenever they have a sudden urge Beata larger quantity of healthy plant foods. wait until we know more about the subject. eat plenty of low fat chocolate foods. ‘Three of the options (the distractors) are wrong and ‘may be deliberately misleading, In paits, discuss why they are incoreect PAPER 1, PART 1 Text analysis In Paper 1, Part 1 you will be given differ of texts from a variety of sources. Iti i 10 be aware of the writing devices the use such as style, register and form, a -chniques they use to get their me © Answer the questions below ab sed in the text about choco! 2 Find and underline 1 ‘the writer asks. Discuss hey have Find and underline begin with conjunctions. This unacceptable in a formal piece of waiting Discuss the effect of there Find and underline a sentence that begins with an imperative. Discuss why the writer does ths. dd Find and underline an idiomatic expression the writer uses. Discuss what you think it means, ‘and why the writer chooses to use it here.7. Read the text below and underline any unknown words ee as ee ‘A-_ What are phytochemicals? Prhytochemicals are non-rutritive plant chemicals that contain protective, disease preventing compounds. More than $00 I Siferent phytochemicals have bee identified as components of | food, and many more phytochemicals continue to be discovered today Its estimated that there may be more than 100 different | plytochenicals in just one serving of vegetables AS ey a5 | {980 sentts began erating piytocrenil stl, effcoy, and appa fo pretenting and tating css Resea‘hes have long knows that thereat pytoctemicas preset fr pectin in plants, bt i fas oly bes reeniy That they ate being econmended fo protection agaist human disease |B How are they beneficial? though phytochemicals are nat yet classified as utrients, | | theese as cotaing proper rahg | in deat prevention, Phtachenkals are assodated with he | prevention anor treatment ofa tat four ofthe lating |. Guses of death inthe Mest cancer, aetes, ators | iene, and typererson They reve in ny proces |_eaing one hat hel ver al damage, pevet cance Cal repitation, and decease lester! ees | is teatrene costs big mp se oy, tol be cost efecto continue the esearch neeted fo help promote | the arenes nd consumption of ptacheicals 5 peertion strategy forthe public. | ‘+ Look closely at the words in co ‘+ Identify the part of speech, The act of eating or drinki Power or capacity to produce @ You should now have a much better understanding of the 9 text. From memory, decide if the following statements are true or false a Phytochemicals are abundant in food. v/F bb Researchers have used phytochemicals to ward off diseases since 1980, vr © Phytochemicals can help to repair damaged cells. / F 4 Phytochemicals are thought to be able to stop the sptead of cancer. v/F Tk would be more economically viable to teach people to eat plant fonds than to spend money on health-care. T / F 10 PAPER 1, PART 1 For questions 1-2 below choose the 1 answer (A, B, Cor B) which you think fits best according to the text. 1 According to the text, phytochemicals 1K evolved to protect plants. B contain important nutrients. ate too numerous to count. 0 ate difficult to digest. 2 According to the text, research Into phytochemicals | has been going on for nearly 25 years. B wil encourage healthier lifestyles. is expensive and cost-prohibitive. can help discover a cure for cancer For questions 3-4 below choose thé) ia. i] answer (A, B,C oD hich you think f) | fits best according to the text Below. Grong up in Sita, 1 kro thers pt a other Worth her sll wo willed her "wee ait school in the winter without hot ov of oat pore, tick tae yer fs’ m) Mum used to say Thot sounded petty say but am ‘actually had a good point. Biochemically Speaking rar oatmeal wl keep your Ftsdes cosy, and therefore lp you bate trough cl, mornings (rovided the pordge ent aden wth sugar and ik), But yore bud 1o gel fed up of pordge eer ay | Tc, ifter thousands of bows, I could face for yas | T once elelated that fam the age of hve unc 17 (hen | Tlefe ome to atend Edinburgh Univesity) 1 insisted on tating in exces of 17,600 bons of oatmeal So, whats an alteative? Ete qune, Hake you loved Snes a auinoa pore instead bea welcome change for rove ont adits, Seriously though, aunoa wl do or your Fines what Sots pigs snposed todo for your Teil nam then up, and give you feng of atc. gate te tax ox 17.60 bows nea 2 MMIII tet eb fol rei use as stent he tne 2 young child (Scottish) ‘hick sticky food made from oats cooked in water or milk and | “eaten hot, especialy for breakfast 3 to your (spoken with a Scottish acent) 3. How did the writer's mother feel about porridge? ‘A. She thought it was potentially dangerous. BB She felt it should be served with sugar and milk. She worried her daughter was eating too much of it She knew it would keep her child warm all morning 4 How is quinoa similar to porridge? A Teil stick to your kidneys. B It’s warming and nourtshing C It tastes exacty the same, D Its not as addictive. So eee |SLanguage development: Key word: life expressions with food 51 Which of the following expressions may be used to talk about a car's engine suddenly starting? ere near . 2 bring tot Using idioms in speech a = b spring to tife Native speakers tend to use id moar © come to life speech but onl in very sre d roar into life i tga ame ee eee 2 It could be said that growing old is. Do not overuse idioms ~ especi 2 afc oft correct meaning or the b tue tote 3. If we say that someone was the ‘life and soul of the party’, we mean he or she was ... a alot of fun, very healthy. 4 If something gives you ‘a new lease of life, it 2 cures you from a serious illness. fills you fu of optimism or energy to start again. 5 Which of the following expressions isthe odd one out? a a matter of life and death tors life and timb © to lay down one's life Choose the best option to complete the sentences below. 1 ‘Have you two been plotting something again? Something d_ to have the time of your life. certainly smells around here! : SE rae {6 Arnold and Graham are friends. B meaty fishy 2 tine ietike 2 Gregory threatened to sil the __ if we did't tall him 5 esate as here the car keys were Ket. 7 She hada small, model made of her cat, Hugo, after A bisats Cm he died. 0 bean B eggs ord a lifesize cc (lifelike 3. know I sid it was 2 god ides to take on some extra work 5 title 4 etme fut now I think you've bitten off mre than you can —— ee eee {© Which ofthe following words cant olow te word ite? B swallow: ‘D gnaw ry = = = e achievement belt blood boat | 3 Discuss, In what situations do you think you might you use the a Poe eer ye | following expression form ud history ‘imprisonment “You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.’ —- = “er _ support vision Use a dictionary to find further expressions with the following words. Then write example sentences or min-dialogues of your own, | bacon bread butter cake dough eg bread and but|ter also bread-and-butter Hnancoom |usu with poss] Something that isthe bread and butter of a person or organisation is the activity or work that provides | actully his breed and butter x0 [oj] Bread and butter | issues or matters are ones which are important to most people, because they affect them personally. 1Theoppsiton | gained support by concentrting on breod-an-buter matters. ss | ut@Grammar: conditionals 1 Look at the tapescript 6.1 on page 210. Underline one conditional sentence that each speaker uses, Which one is ..2 2 likely situation in the present with a possible solution b hypothetical situation in the present with a definite consequer usual or habitual situation in the past Read the sentences below and match them with the rules (a-f) that follow. 1 If it rained we took the bus, but if the sun came out we always walked 2. IFT didnt love chicken so much, I would become a vegetarian. 3 IF you look after your immune system, i will look after you 4 Ifthe core body temperature drops by afew degrees, the immune system shuts down 5 IF hadnt been to that yoge class, I would never have leant what it could do for me 6 If Than smoked when I was younger, Pd be far healthier now, 4 what is always true ~ present facts [present bb real situations in the present and € hypothetical present situations [past + wou what used to always be true ~ past facts [past ~ past events with results in the present [pes hypothetical past situations and regrets {oast perfe Which of the sentences (a-c) in exercise 1 above is an example of the 4 ze conditional third conditional b first conditional mixed conditional © secand conditional false conditional Gramma Reference 6.1, page 173 In addition to “if, there are many different forms of conditional sentences, ‘2 Underline the congitional phrases in the clauses in A below. Match the conditional clause in column A, with the best ending in column 8. Unioss Igo on a diet, If I should give up eating hamburgers, Provided you exercise regularly, As long as you eat all your vegetables, Even if it rains, If you were ta cut out the junk food, Had it not been for Judy, Supposing you gave up coffee, But for Helen’ advice, 1 would never have ted Chinese food, TU have to start eating vegetables TI have to buy some new clothes. youll be fit enough to take part in the games. what would you drink instead? Tm still going to go for a walk Tll let you have some ice-cream would stil be taking antibiotic, youd feel so much better. PAPER 3, PART 5 For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the ‘word given, You must use between three and six words, including the word given 1 If his temperature increases, I'm going to call the doctor. ‘intend Uniess his temperature the doc 2 I didn't have time today so I didn’t have any lunch had IT tad lunch today. 3. IF Wiliam hadn't advised me to continue, I would have given up. keep But 1 would have given up. 4. Drop in and see us if you ever come to Manchester. happen Shauld you Manchester, drop in and see us. 5 I was so short that I couldn't reach the top shel. would HI __been able to reach the top shel 6 You wouldn't visit the dentist so often, if you ate fewer sweets, cut Were sweets, you wouldnt visi the dentist so often. 7 1don't care ifthe doctor prescribes antibiotics - T going to take them Fobject them not the dactor prescribes 8 You only beat me in that race because T am too old would FL were you in that race 5758 On the fist istening, select be correct; on the second, ¢ According to the speaker, why are enzymes ese Geet? ote ee 2 (163 Listen toa woman answering the question: she explains wat enaymes ae. What isthe main point she makes? 3 64 PAPER 4, PART 3 You will hear an interview with food writer about the benefits of eating raw food. For {questions 1-6 choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which fits best according to what you hear. 11 Maureen says that one of the reasons why enzymes are essential in our diet is because they 1 stop us consuming poisonous substances, 8 are the main cause of chemical changes. increase our resistance to disease. D prevent us contracting harmful diseases. 2 Maureen recommends reducing our intake of cooked food because ‘A it cannot supply us with all the nutrients we need. B too much cooked food makes us feel heavy. © cooked food can cause health problems. D raw food tastes so much better. 3. The experiment with the cats showed that ‘A each generation of cats responded differently to the foods offered there was a mixed reaction in the ist group of cats. the majarity of eats developed health problems after starting the diets D the fourth generation of cats eating cooked food had the most problems. we don't consume enough enzymes in our food we force our bodies to use their own store of enzymes. we will nat be able to process any of the vitamins ft contains. ‘our bodies will be forced to manufacture inferior enzymes. wwe ate likely to suffer from digestive problems. oking food may cause some proteins to break up into amino acids fail to function efficiently. attack our bodies by mistake. become damaged and dangerous. come onm> ne presence of too much cooked food in our bodies may change the colour of our blood. attract invasive organisms. put our immune system on a state of alert. set off an unusual chemical reaction. unit @ Exons "PAPER 5, PART 2 Comparing pictures — 4 “In Paper 5, part 2 you wil be shown three pict to compare two of tem. That ‘means you _the pictures are sirilaror mention the dit the level of niet scritior pases 2 PAPER 5, PART 2 In groups of three, practise the speaking exercises that follow. One person should be the interlocutor and read the questions to the other students, who take turns to answer. Intertocutor: [Student 1], here are your pictures. They show people eating different types of food. Compare smo of the pictues and say what messages they ate tiying to give about food and diet. Student 4: Interlocutor: [Student 2], which type of food do you prefer to eat? Student 2: Interlocutor: [Student 2], here are your pictures, They show people engaged in different types of physical activity. Compare two of the pictures and say how the activities the people are doing may be beneficial to their health, and how these people may be feeling, Student 2:Use of English: collocations Bets PAPER 3, PART 1 Identifying collocations In the exam, your knowledge of callocatig tested, particularly in Paper 3, part 1 able to recognise different kinds of c For example verb + verb: fet someoy verb + noun: take of + ad) + noun: miniature rai * noun + prep + noun: matter 0 Whenever you come across a new collos nate of tin your vocabulary notebook, = 1 Use a dictionary. How many colloctions can you find for the word ‘stand’? By Which of the following noun phrases cannot be used with the verb in bold? Circle your choice. take offence / the initiative / fault / into account do harm / luck / good / wonders for © run a process / a risk / its course / for government 4 make fun of / a mistake / an effort / justice © give rise to / credit / fortune / notice fall to pieces / into disrepair / fom grace / off power PAPER 3, PART 1 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C oF D) best fits each gap. NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE PHILOSOPHY Illness is the body's way of letting us know that something is wrong, and according to believers in Naturopathic Medicine we should listen to the messages. This form of medicine (1) the treatment of disease by stimulating, enhancing and supporting 2 person's own healing (2) _ fF naturopathic heating is to body has the (4) ne of the main undesying (3) — trust inthe healing power of nature. Th ability to establish, maintain, and (5) __ health by itself. Ieis also important to remembe without & n, and thus i is essential to identify and treat the cause of that illness. IF the underlying causes of the disease ae not removed no illness (6) or treated, a person cannot recover completely. A further directive hat naturopathic doctors must consider isto do no (7) to ‘the body. Symptoms are actually an expression of the heal process and therapeutic actions should allow them to (8) their urs, Obstructing @ symptom, or (9) it, will only Force it to reappear later, perhaps in a more damaging form. (10) _ forms of treatment, which allow the body to heal itself, are encouraged. It is also a key consideration in naturopathic healing to treat the whole person, Health and disease are conditions of the whol organism, and the complex interaction of physical, spiritual, imental, emotional, genetic, environmental, social, and other factors, all of which should be taken into (11) __. Finally, let's not forget the old adage that ‘Prevention is better than cure’. The (12) goal of any health-care system should be prevention, which can be accomplished through education and the promotion of healthier habits. The emphasis is therefore on building health rather thao fig) <0 profitable for the 19 diseace. Thien pharmaceutical companies, but thats another story. 1 Aapproves Bendowses — Cbacks D sanctions 2 Afecility — B gift Captitude 0 capacity 3 Acodes — B principles Cmoralities ethics 4 inherent B incoherent incompetent D inconvenient 5 Arestoe remake Creinstate —_D renovate transpires Bestalishes —Cinstigates—D occurs. burt B ham impairment D destruction Ago Bdo Cun O make 9 Aaggressing 8 oppressing —C suppressing D depressing 10 ABalancing 8 Comesponding C Harmonious Complementary 11 Account Bthought ——Creport =D decision Afinal 8 consequential C subsequent 0 ultimate 4 “ 59