Fourth Edition aU rye Architects’) Data @)WILEY-BLACK WELLEngle language tstpubishod 2012 © 2012 Blacanel PuDining Lic iackwellPubtsing was acqured by Jn Wey & Sons in Feary 2007. Biachvel'spubsing programas been merged vin Wey’ {lebal Scertifo, Technical ard Mescal tunes to frm Mlley-Slackwl, Repisnred oto seh wey Sers, Ltd The Aum, Sounein Gate, Chichestex Wes Sussex, POLO E30. UK £000 Garsington Road, Oxford, 04200, UK 721 State Aven, Ames loa 00142300, USA For eetalle of our global edo offces, for customer services ané for information aout how to apaly for permission to reuse the ropyrigh materia th book plese coe our wabete al war sileycomviny bleh Patent At 1989, A gs reerves. No part of this publization may be reprecied, stored ina reieal sysem, or transmit, in any form et by any rreane,elecranie mechanical, phetozepying,ecvding 0 otheleeexcepl ae permited by the UX Copysght. eegne end Patented 1986 reutte prox permission ofthe pubieher. Designations used by companies asnguis the prosuc ae oten chimed ae taderarks, All and names and produit names rot associat wth ary producto! vendor mention in ths Eook. This eubiceon lr deegjned lo previde accurate ard auboralve Intaration in rqacl te he subject matter covered. Ia aolé nthe understanding tat the purer isnot engaged in vendedng FFofessona’servbes.Iipotesioral adie or ether expert aesctance is required. Ie survees ofa cement prfeseonal enous be Fiat Engen angssce elton pubiehed by Crosby Leokvod Sap 1970, Repetee Stimes ‘Seton ntratiens English language alton publshed by Granae Publishing 1980 epritec 3tmes Relesied inpapersack®y Coins Potessiona and Techneal Books 1985 Reprite by Blackwell Science L112 times “ed Engle arcuage easton publishes by Blackwel Scioce Lt 2000, Four Edtan language editan pubiehes by Sache Publishing LIs2012 Crigiaty Published ip the Geran Language by Vieweg + Teubner, 65185 Wiesbaden, Germany. a6 “Est Neuf Newert Sauertrartuelve 39. 2ulage (36th Een)” e'Viewes # Teubrer|GW Feehvelage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2009 Library of Congress Caialogingin-Publction Data Neuter, Eres, Archtects'datalrnet and Peter Neuter — At ed eignted by Emst Never ; sedate by Johannes Kiser. includes bolographicalreteences andindex ISBN 978-1-4081-8253-8 (pbk. =k. paper) + Bulcing-Hanebooks, manuals, ec 2 Busting-Piannng-tandbcoks, manuals, et 3, Arhtecture-Handbooks, manual, te | Neult Peter Kite dehannes, 198: Tie ‘Tish 513 2012 Tatts 2012003486 ‘catalogue recor or his book is avalale am he Bish Libary. Satin ai Ail by AtaBASICS ‘hunts E g Drawings Paper formats, 4 Teennca aravings 5 Layout of aravings 6 ‘Senetudion eawnas 7 Construcon erawing bole 3 vise suppiy ana cainage stoi, 2 Electrica inetalaton symbols ‘4 ‘Sesurtystaaion symbols "7 {Gas italien syrbols “8 ‘awingoy nand A CComputer-aiced drawing 20 Accessible Building Dimensinns fo wheslchar users a ‘Aczessile puoi bulngs 22 ezesunle hosting 2 Dimensional Basis and Manas measire ani purpose 8 Body measurements and space requrements 28 Dimensins inbuilang 34 ‘Buding Biology Batic 36 Ream cima 7 Electoragneic felts 38 Visual Perception Perception ofcclour a DESIGN PROCESS Design Wat is design “2 Questionna 4 ‘Sustainable Builaing Genera, design, constucion “6 ‘Spetati, demoiir a Facility Management Background @ Returbishment Conservation and ateratin 0 (ae of histor monuments 51 Listed bung protection 2 Recording of bulings. 53 Converson a Design and constuction Management Publ balding and planning aw 56 Private tig aw, VOB. HOAL 7 ‘Werk pases 5a Measures of tutti use 3 Constante as Contents BUILDING COMPONENTS Feundtions Bling excavations 6 Feundatons 6 Tanking, basement arsnage mt alls "tural stone maseney m Bek ard black masonry % CCampontecensructon *% Repair 78 Floor labs Sab constuction 8 Returishment at Cancrete repair 82 Fhove 3 Feet shapes 8 Penedroots| 86 Fi roo' 3 sundaws Deane Ps Fequrements 3 Design ypes. ea ‘Terma msuition 8 Seund nsulaton 108 (Geanng buiaings 301 Lor winsows: 102 Shyighsandidome roenghts 108 Besies 108 Insulate alzing 408 Securty and noise conta glass 107 Optical varie gaz 108 Cast gles 108 Protea glass 108 Gass Backs 110 Fre protection giaaing an curtains, 2 Doors ‘srongement 413 Consttonal dete wt Special doors He Garageindustia coors 6 Secu oFbulings ane grounds He stirs Principles 120 atone 123 Ccensinztion 12 Ramps, sia stairs 12 Access and escape lasers 128 Escalators Moving Walkways. Fer shops ant ofess aa Panels 128 Contre equinment 438 Peeanger i for esidential kuldngs 130 vilPassengers fo offs, hol, tanks 131 ‘small gooae its 1 Hydra tis 1 Spectatins 138 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Bases Design basis. 18 Howson psy 138 Mousa Density Parameter 1s Layout of bulings 129 Access Detached ana teraced development 139 fantacrsae ee nnn Stopped nouses 14 Vertical access 12 Houses. 13 oom ocess 448 hens 148 Livingareas. 188 Bathrooms 10 Subsiciary om 12 (arages and carors 168 ACCOMMODATION Student Residences General design notes ser Elderly People's Accommodation Relrenent fale 168 Examples 170 Hotels Basics m fe 2 Examples 173 catering Diners, ening 75 Restaurant chen 18 Examples o' large kitchens 168 Youth Hostels General deg owes ee olidaynWeekend Cabins General deagn note 105 Motels (Geneal design notes 16 (General design notes ser EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Children’ Dayeare Rooms, outdoor eas 168 vi Playgrounds Playgrunc equipment 120 Schools General eessroems a1 Seal daesreoms ia Information an eommanal area 195 Saniay facie, break anccrevation ates 198 Arrangement of dassteoms, clusters. 195 Exarpies 197 Universities and Colleges Lecture theatves 198 texas ot eee thaates m0 ‘Seatng and projection mm Laboratories a CULTURAL VENUES. ‘Museums and Art Galeries Genea ar Display rooms Ey Theatres Histoncal view me Typobey 210 attri a Seating 212 Stage m3 Subsdaryooms as \Werkshopsand sa rcoms 218 Rehearsal ad public ooms a7 Modernisaton ard extension 2a ‘concert Halls (hats, vanancs 219 Tacinical equtemenis sian, euch 220 Acoustics zai Cinemas Projection 22 Atoriom ma Wulilex chen 2a Mutilex chemas, examples 25 Drivedn cinemas 26 news Satierary a Zane fase Keeprg arimals 20 eloaures 230 ADMINISTRATION AND OFFICES Stucures Ey Typobey unt 1880, 2 ypabay snee 1380, me Space cequtement 2 Buin sewiees 2 Consiicten 2Sight Butangs paratona aes ws ome. ea Slate a or nacre = ee 3 branes acres aa ses oo bas 257 Stopy andvate dopo ae (ngs Tacha Bu 310 ‘Space requirement 00 250 men Suenifelraies zt aa 25! spor anp Leisuge toe sedi ee espero Gee RETAIL sorts Facies Sa ae Foyer 20 Lessa Afletics. 323 Caannes an yponies asa Ai me Riva a es a ner ame copes Nate go me Chee andwasngsnee zor Silene 1 oars aes gal 258 ater saort, rowing and canoeng 339 Rainn ese zo Hater. sa inge’monoos eo Eclsians a Senerice slope feo eins 2a Syed or harg skacboodn ed INDUSTRY AND TRADE Seema acne ag Industry Sota anges ae Bases 209 spore a Setcceiictig jr Soria aso Harcy isa balngs ae Dee oe = Trenoen 257 Eeupment = fecloning feo an = Sieey reo 270 Esompts 3 Sane a os = etahope ‘ee = son a Menta Se Metawork 27g Backless soothes oe Seinen 7 ee pin se Notas pt Zo Batwa 37 Nene Fo Cann nds ie Cow 2 Sinorgtat seo Fire station 23 BeMinnaly ee swmmng Foo inter eng ols ae Sucre er Tawar pols see Fanishig, vesty ‘35 PiNate ovo am beltover 287 soe Stinaalcxunevetres a Synagoqies Sota nots 280 Amusomant arco Nene fnusenentweaaes a (oe dei ols 20 TeaNsPoRT HEALTH nas Doctors Practices (Seeebaeass __________________st Sign an gy tos ao peeves ar Howitt Tate ce a (ere odlr oid 2e1 rar ads oe Bung en eo inerancone set Eure ot Fuopams an yc wae ez Corton, 08a, fs Ze boyentatictage ae ixTratfecaimng 388 htse protection 305 Parkiog Facilities Vehicles ser Nehites turing 380 Parking spaces 360 ut-storey carparks 382 amps. 383 utestorey ca path equations 308 Parkrg sysiome 385 Vehicles — toe 67 “rks = patking and ning 398 Serves areas 369 Petrol satons| 0 carwash 402 Public Transport Soot galone fue stone Raitways Tracks 408 Typed Ceningnil European shui {auges and clearances. 410 Uk stucture~ gauges and charancee an Freight Trarspor 413 Frogh anspor 313 stations 44 Staton Dulin’ a5 Patfome 416 Aviation Bact 418 ‘pars 48 Runways 40 Terminals aa Terminal and apron a2 setopanes. 43 EXTERNAL WORKS Cemeteries Morgue and crematorium 424 Graves, cemetery chaps! a Cemerries 408 Design aspects and concent 108 Sol 48 arden Enclosures Was ane fences 490 Pergola and Trelis ‘relies 33 Examples of plans pe Paths, Paving, Steps Design aspects 48 Drainage Rasruater management 6 vegetation Pants 4s Blologleal Engineering Supping slopes and wverbanks 0 Greeshoures Ponds ane Poo's Garden pon 2 Natural swining poo 3 ‘Wales plans for natural Svaming pool aa Extemal Works - Example Federal Enconnent Agency as AGRICULTURE FARNYARDS Besics 0 Space requrements a7 Fedde storage ry Bunga erainage 50 CClmate in anima howsing 1 Animal Husbandry Housna poutry “62 Keeprg smal arimais, ee Sheep housing 4 Laying hens es Pig keeping 8 Day taming ‘s) Frnishing bee cate ee Keepng nerses e Supply and Diepoe Loadhg yards “a1 Loading ramps bridges ing platforms 32 Rubbsh chute system = Rabbsh colton rooms aa Emergency power roan es BUILDING SERVICES Renewable Energy Ovaniwe 138 Solarenesgy ‘aT Bioereray 28 CGeottermal eneigy, heat pumps 59 CHP. bockheatig and pow Butang Pnysics Thermal inslaten an Room acoustics 22 Daytight Physealbescs 38 Poston ofthe sin 29 Irsoltion ‘so Shadow 23 Rathaton energy 4 ‘Wand bgting 35 Rootghting a7 ‘ually enters 33 Diecing sung ‘2s Sun shading ‘50 Lighting til hosting = Lams 2 Types opting a5, igang not 26 uaiy enter 7 Imam 508Fuorescent bes soe ‘erpiace Gugeine ‘Arica’ ining exeere) 31e Fire Protection Basics s si Catsfcation 512 Fire conparirent wale 313 Bulding comoonents sta urecsian gaan 58 Frr-rostant door sete 317 Fire ighingistaatons 518 Soke and heat extactor eyes 519 Spinker systems. 320 or exingishng systems 521 Domeste installation Onlnage see estate 528 Heating, 532 ‘Shall sewage weabrent plans 336 Chimneys and Veatitation Stats Chimneys sa (Open replaces 536 Vertiaton shat 550 {BS and DIN Standards 56 Conversion of Unts i sa = x‘Ths handbook developed tom the nates made fb my loctues at the Bautochschuie n Wear They derive rom measurements, ‘experience ard uncerstaring gained rom practce and research Infre nunan sphere, necessary fr the designe! bulldngs, bul. als keeping sy eye opentor new opportunies snd demanes, ‘onthe one nan we sane on the shoulders of ou forebears ut conte afer, everyting Is ls and we are chren of ote vith ‘ur gazetovaide te tue, though the outbok of each india ISeRen eferen. Tk rests tom difereneee in efucaton ard train, he ntuencs ofthe envtonment, person precspostion And the elevat eegree olitetally atven set-sevlopment ‘wnetnertne tie epinion of today is absauely core romaine to be seen, hone! beciuse is oi val a the tine of {oration Experience shee thal aa udgement develops ‘it tine than possible mmvetiatel nce We donot have the ‘ecessaydetienment fr breath of sion. This makes ear ‘ira exertions ed tobe imposed on eachrg to revert petes,lteacingemars subjective ane oetermned By ts {ine and envionment despite al eferts to achieve thane ‘bjt andah inentiors to ctealy examine cur favourite ‘phions The danger af heresy ean be avaded ithe teaching ‘ts makes xa hat 18 no an en prose Dural series, Sands eabeeto,alltha sil Upecming and unteeing ‘Ths wilthen provide fr eur students the sttude meant by Netzsche when he sal, Chly ose who change thenseives remain associated th ne ‘The essential eat of auch teaching of contnanus poste, ‘no canned wid but ther ony balding backs, components ‘Srcomersrequringte ation of combination, conatcton ‘ompastion and hamany Confucius putt tke this more than 2600 years ago’ ive my ‘hemseles! Bom atehteds, ortho wha yearnto bul, wi sep ther ear andayee dosed when a aout to a tak le prescribed. because bormarchiects ae MU ofthe eas a “lai, and ony need the slam nordeto set to work and ‘make someting of hem! “These wna have found fath n hernslves, an inight to conti, he play of free, matoale calvr, aimaneion, ‘ino can absoth ie realty and ne appearance cfa bung fate onthe enly tue path the great satisticonaferes by fetve cabo This view of ie shoul ely ther on teir way. Preface should brats then fom al eachings. nent comes down to ‘even fom this one, ancleathemte thou creave wrk, should prov intl assstance. run everyone mist buld for thameeves, ‘The arcitectural ems of our tne ae the resi ofthe same process, hich ourpradecesstre urderventin tet produce ther ependidtemples,cahedals ard palaces. They nae no mods otter than ther own imaginatis ad intentions Ideas and coals, with wich thoy seared fo asians. The cemmissionfrmulated along hese lines was enough to even ‘cept, whieh lok eo for in ire wh the tanta ossbities othe me and local cordtiors, ang only bore + Fenele smilatytowhal nad gone before. These nee bulngs ‘cauld be tecmicall muca beter an delver more because of Improvemeatin the stato of technology. They could, mowover, alo be comparedattisizaly simlar stuctures onthe past tne compare an industral busing af fey — ight, reomy. th {geod dimensions and slimmer ightveigh constuciion~ ina factory om te 18h century o: a werkt ofthe 15th ceiury thon te advantages a ou moser bullrgs wil be apparent ‘ven tothe mast binkered conenraioni. Thismears ta, ‘whenever construcion pecs serve a genuine requrement of ‘our time, work canbe expected frm energeic contemporary archtecis tha vl bat ampatson 0, oF aven overstado, the best fod baling, {ively mindes unrest shou ofr pratt a view of ou time ‘and &eok toe Mure, glaneng back ony (oe extent at Isadisiole er unavicatie, This asthe advice of ane othe grates of our protssin, rez Sehumacie, when fe War%ee 8 young Stade inns arcntecurelectres aga! geting oe lost i at nist fesves whe reseacning Ie pat elng Wed adiay bya doctorate ino learrod bywayscouldbe althe cost of the eneigy reyes to mest he more varied requirements ofthe potesson Incontrast to this, fs beter jst to Hand suderts the elements hove atempled lo ede the burg blocks of design fo he Initation tat and force students produce fm and eartent tro win thomeaves. Tei various design ees wl be ‘eardinated enjvay to acerteh extent by curentfasion, nat ldosyneatic bang ef emmuty whieh earacaroes mankind's Jont eferte ata paca tme and fads @duratle and viekle Soprecton incontarporay ale xiiUnite of mezeurement ie building The intematiral sytem of moasuroment win S unit has been valence 1 vanvary 1978 a TY oy at erste UNITS 1 Unitsrow pater DRAWINGS. Construction Orange Dimensioning conssts o: dimansen figie, dnansen ine, ecenscn Ine, imension anon —» @. Dimension. fgures’ 9 normaly loestad anove the evant continuous ‘dimension ne sa the they canbe ead from bale or om he ght wen te +0. shawn a6 sol sted paral the engi berg dimensioned Extension. ‘nea: cimenson whit canet be own cacy onthe aon 5 be e6g0 of an sea, so eocsted ‘ute wih te ad of extension Ines “Trase ae gencallyatight ances othe imersica ne znd ower Is past it H | a Pa 4 ae é—— eee — fre [at Tella i se ¢ # © crnscn tn cosans ese so mcm useStoves with ful type aBBdoorol 1"© remem sainssaiee RCT el ' oar (ei Osage rete Hao these oceans ACCESSIBLE BUILDING Pocensble Housing Movement srees which must bet sin. 1.50 m wide and rin, 1.50 m doen. {turing place every room (xcenting smalreoms,wtich the whoo usor can use by moving backwards ane forwards). tho shower» @+ Q.in fost of he WC and vaniy unt @-@. 0 ancutsdo seatng re, n tort of it shat doos, at he star and Ghd ofa ramp andin hort of th nthe af raboisn chute rin 1.60 m deep. Intron of thelang side at a wheelchair woes bed > ©, n konto upbowds, front hilehenvtalons-» ® -@, ror ol he fceess aide of 2 bath ~» @ + O. i ontof a wheels parking Pee and infant ef the ong ade ola vehicle» @, sin, 1.50 m wide betwecs wale oui the house, noxt to sts ging up ard evr, wherethe ead ofthe unpermast stp isnot Tobe cluded inthe movement a9, rin. 1.20 m wide Bong fustue which the wheelehsr user approactes ray the ‘ie, along the aecose se ola norwherlehai users bes —» ®, between walls wih the eeling, nxt te operated equipment p.22@, between wheel erbs samp». 22 @ and onvoutes Accessibility without steps Alreoms beanging to adiellng ae the communal cites of house must athe be wihout slaps, cr have a If p 22 Q, orbs accessible win a ramp - p. 22 © Door stops.and tresholds et the ettom ofdaor should be worded, but tabecutly neceeeayy ‘may noe hgher than 2 em, Wheelchair parking place AA vwhelchat patkeg place is tot incuded in the desgn for och whoolehair user, asfralyleatce n the entrance 38 fer treneering fom srect fo incaor wneslchar Space requeemart ard movemant area — p22 ©. Bathroom ‘The Batroon is 10 be provdod with s wheslchar accsssols tower, Theater nstaaton of bath chouls be posse nest the shower, Tie movement teat the right orl othe WE mus be al east 95 em side and 7Dem deep, From ana sie of he WC towards tho nal, oF trnture, there must Ho « ettanee ot min 0em + @-@. ho batwoom dooss may open weeds, Kitchen “re man fans of equppment rams ko tr omngratr, stove and Site, plus the worltap, ae 19 Be aranges as closa as possible foscen othr f must be posable fra wheicna te pass uncer the snk ane worktop without imitation. For the sink ths mat that emer a waste ting Detine the peter ora fat ting on the surace is necessary. Shel space must be accessible forthe wheal user and no all uns shuld be nuded nthe dig, ‘The horzanta reach are is about & em and te vertial actiy rage 0-140 em, The opium hight a he woncop (epero, 75-90 em) should be cscuted vith the disabled persan and fod ata eight toaut he use > @ + ‘car parkingplace ‘weather protected car parking place ox garageis tobe provided foreach dling, A movement area of r90 m depth shoud be pptided nex tothe long side ofthe car > @. 23DIMENSIONAL BASICS AND RELATIONSHIPS ‘The Universal Standard ‘Men's dimensional relatonships The oldest known canon descrbieg the dinensional relationships ofthe human being was dscovere na tual chambe! among the pyfamids nea: Memphis about 000 sce, Cerainy. since then Scenlist and artis have been engaged in tying “o desiphe: buman proportonalrlatznshia. Weknow abost the proportonal systems ofthe Egyotan pharaohs, cf tne me et Ptolemy, ofthe Ancient Grae and Romans, and the Canen of Potato which ‘was long considered tne standar lus fe werk ofthe dae ‘Ags and of Abert, Leonardo da Visi, Mchelangol and, above fll Dure's wore-tanous advances In at nese systems, ne ruman body Was measured secorang © lengths ct head ace o fos. wich were than ltr sub ied ane rate to a2cn otter so (si thay wee applcaDe I everjcay He Even inte ur ow mes, the foot ard the ell (arm's bgt have remamnec common measues.inpartodar ie deta waked out Oy ‘irer became. common stangec, He stated fom the ght) ot ‘@humnanboingand expressed he sub vr as actions: ‘2 = me ee toeo frum the rot upmards "ih = garg ram ankle to knee, eng om chin to rave oh = foot bnath ‘sh = hoadlongth remhair rating to underside of chin, spacing of ripples ‘Woh = face height and width nlusing ears, hand length to the rit, ‘Woh = face width at level of undid of nese, log with fabove the ake) te, “The sub dvions exten to ish In the last contuy, A. Zelsng achieved grester clarity un aryonen ths suject with his vestigatons ofthe dimensions rosttonshps of man's proportions, He made oxact measurements fra cemparsona based of the golden eeclon > 2. Si Untortunatly, his work dl net ear appropriate rece unl resent, when E. Mes, an mpertantresoarchor hs area, frdorsed Zosing’s wor wih detaled cxammhatiars usng hie retrace reationahips of thegolden ra, wich hecallee ‘Le Modu’ He rasa me tuman Poght = 1.828 m:n! Meght = 1130 7 9p, aré tf som eg st CECE) Oe Sts © Hypersonic styos oe Seca © iicthiiseen eo ®. DIMENSIONAL BASICS AND RELATIONSHIPS Dimensions in Bulg Modular coordination in building ‘Tho mosuiar system fs + means of eoordnatig the mensions Applicable 1 buldng work. The tem “coordiaton le he key Smodlar buiding stardard contin setae of a design ae ‘etaiing sym asses on evoninaton aan ain the design aed onetiston of baling, I gle geomsttca and dimensional Selniens forthe spa coerdinaton of builing components also onables technical aess, vhich depord on each other wth regard te geomety and dmensione ex. bln, electrical terginesting, eancport fe be emected coordinate system i always cbject specie. hfe uted cordnale bulding stustires ang ecompanens, ans detrmine ‘hot poationand ze. From taser deued namind messin ff balling eompanente, pls oi and canseeton thicknesses SO - ©. Acoowinale system consiets of planes arranged st ght anges io each otter, spaced according to the cowie Imaasuramons. Dependng

®. Acoorcnate system c= be sub-divided into varous eub-eystoms for diferent groups Df buiding sloments tog. load bearing stuctires, space ‘damaeating components etc). Itnas bacome apparent that sat alindvdual components hav tebe medula f.. each step is staiease, windows, coors, ), but only the bulerg elomerts they are comtirod io (og Sturcases, "acade or partion ements ete, > @. Fer nor ‘madulr buiing components which eantin alarg or across tha whole oulcing, 2 ron-modular zone cen be intosucee, Uihieh comltaly divides the csordinate system n> 60 Sub-systems. The precanlton is thatthe saz of the buling Component n the nan-medular zone ie aleady known atthe modular zone can only nave complotey sposifad dimensions BPO. Furer nays ot arranging nonemaciar uiing componente ara tha 2o-clledcanal positon and edge postion inmodvlar zones > @. The unes of the medubr system ae the Basie modula M = 10 mm and the multmodue 3 Mf = 500 mm, 6 = 620 mn tnd TEM 1200'mm, Ther ae also atindardeed non-mroduer Stpplonentayy dimansiens |= 25 mm, $0 mm and 75 mm fer iting eomerts er overipping comectons —» @, Combnann ‘les can be use of buling components of varios sis ' mods coordinate system, umber groups (29. Pynagors’ er tctoncaton (3. covtinued fractions) can be used to Mi nen-recangusr buldg components into s molar caoranate > @ The sonstucien polygon taverses (eq. tangle, squte, pantagen and ther hake) san be usa digi scale eure! ouing srctireeVISUAL PERCEPTION The Eye e*4 39DESIGN Phnas of Retrence Twolosy The typologeal stu of 8 buldeg gous out of the function and. alse fo 3 pesen onstuction and few planning onan? Sustion. tls thee-damersional oat a nd thaetore to be understand ‘Stree =| (3 ‘88. spatial theme. Semen Oem Seucue” @reccece rece ince, On, Oe einen) aR) Sbormtatiats “oemcicres, Sete RR as oe Sees, LENS aug loon oe a— ee buiding and devel fram the 8 town planning 0° lancscape fete statement. Th start hs a najer fence on the aunty of te public space ‘Architecturaeloments t a L) See Bedeatgnca m xaoping th the M1 grerat appasance and falon O cau Om Om design pencils jet ae much Tc ttn rau Test cea pice Teprmasiecenieeim gg tecnica requomerta and cvepciayimpa saa one igupameasicamrmacecos umiyemerte Fagades/opmnings > @ - @ A epering slements fam a graphical stuctute on te ou face of the wall A mature and tual prncipes car tas to =n : ar a of — Plastic ctoments —> @ - @ Functional components He O toacaee © oresingsennetee bbstonies and logge, bat alan ee ri ten Simaovonandomnnase tim eBiumne, form tree-simer baa the wal surface. The formation [ Ssaface should not mtr ih } Root + @ The clone of the roo! makes the bulking 3 hig. context and arcisetural a concep aro doce fr the © vores maces O con ® rseone section of atype of 0 © vo O wren @ wo reopen . 43‘sane nna © oeresrotespaicccrang [using (aang sang [Arconatining [none anece | iy Siew ns” ee ‘SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ‘Operation, Denton any ctor aro decisis for stinabiy of arti: ="elaonehis ote design othe lection an ihe baling = Fontempowy and agin! eppeaance ofthe desin = casi usabie ang eetve stuctres = dren of consvueton and maaits = suai ane ageing characterises ofthe raters used = ext er changes of use = possbity af conversion required ‘Tho intensive use af raw materials and energy inthe erection of bulings is normaly cornected with along pets of usetuness ‘This phase othelis cycle ofa ouidig ie treofere very sigefica. A signiicant part of the use of energy and raw materials takes pace tng the vso of the buldhg through the operation ef tezmica devices and instalatons. New buicings should abays be designed in accordance vn the curent stat o tecrnology ard exsing Suings should bo regulary checked to investiga \whother any vadatng (hermalinsustion,bulelg sericesste) = Pessileor necessary in oderio ensure energy-saving operat. Fradeitan tothe arabiy anclongit ofthe servees metalation, rmocharisms ané methods of saving resources should be the highest prot. zal, eyes snoua Be Sot up Ye enable te reuse ol wale and energy, Tho sie ae heath anathernal contort n he use phase = ininisaten ofthe energy, operating and maintenance cost, redeconef cleantgcost (pata sel-cearing ‘09, agades,rootsete) = mininisaten of he seiviing and maintenance 603. Palos and epuaticns ~ Energy Saving Regustions (ENE) = SIA eur ciecireal Erergyin Bung: Sues Engheere and Archteets Assocation Ressmnendations Bulking automation’ dtandarés Heatng astemsreguations (lek) YQ ii bere © recrctencteetmmte cme cea ar(© ence conecten ces he unl enn conton a © ersccvn toc ones Cost eximats ‘The cost estate is or the approximate doterinaton of conatrution eaets inched in wore phase 2 (preliminary sign) tis based an: {reels ofthe preliminary design (necessary ae 9 sete, 2 caleuabon af ne quanibes ef elrence units the cost soups 3, xplanatior anabulding descrinton 4. deli of po, uty supply and access. ‘The cos eetimato should cortan fhe total costs according to cost groups ath Ist lve of cast breaown and ths has 3 least Seren fume ef cos! data. The raqured desertion snoulé Cconespend tothe sate ol information of re preiminary eign Cost eaculaton The cow calculation is dened as ‘approximate doierination of he eanstrcton costs I is pal of work phase 3 proiminary ‘esign). Ihe basis forthe cost alculon are! 1. complete design dravings and fappropate, deals 2 Galeuaon of he quanties ef feletence units the cost sours {. Jecerpionsreevant the cateutton, ‘The costealealionshould deter De ta exes scaring te com groups down fone nev! of est breakeown ana eon 40indivsual tome of cos ata ‘The bulking éexcrpton shoul conespond tothe Meera fale of formation ofthe prolminay esi, (Gramings and tox ros Mecdormann, sighly aberovatd —> rel DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Cconsiuction Costs Intuence ovor the bulking costs roduces very rpidly cura the ceuse of deagn and constuction. The pares invoved the preparation of the project have the areatestinfuenca aver tha bulging costs, boeauso decisions are mado at ths tims about te sk, voume te. ofthe project. In the futher cours of condructin, costs can be influenced only to 2 decteasing {egr00. Th fow of money bckavesthe ofr way arcune: tis tl ‘ay ral inthe preparation phase and nereases stops > @. Eficien: cost contol shoud tneetore aways attempt te apply tho Bales during he work phases ofa projet cortel as part cf work planning (material seoctin, ote} etmaty has by way et Contast ne roticeabe siccoss, HOA requirements HOAI oblgesthe architect to produce fou determinations of cost, uring he course ol desnn and constucton:cesteatimats, cost caleulaon, cost forecast, final cost statoment). These cost Getermnatiors arebasicservices pp. Sovb2. They ar reparded ac atic sorices with aspecal waghtng,Le.nogecting a cost, Getermnation canhave dre legal consoauences int case of 3 depute. sic rules of cost determination ‘This lassie the bulaing cose nto seven cost groups ae tho (cost levels > @.Eacncostdotormnation must o6 sTUCRES H the same way and oon of coined building books: 4. Statemonts about the cost inal cost groupe 2. Building description Details of VAT 6. Reference'o the relevant design work Cost trecast ‘out ing pace n work pase" oobi onan, 1 compl constectoncavings, eta, te 3 cleats of uate orterenc ints inte cost poops Sdn ersten wth exanatons ef contraston iting o ender, svar end ebsecy ecrved oe ths has partculrsignficance, The eos forecast should lod Bf cot breatdown and contin 218 individual cost dal, The to tho tatoo design and ine the tight dogon of tat in th curse ofthe desgh work. The purpose ofthe cost forecast et Produce & document beore tho sit of consietion based on deulatone, because Dis Is the ony pesibily of cost canta tv conection Final cost statement The loa cost statement serves to reed the aca cots acerved for purposes of comparsan and ceumantatin. Tho tina cost Ia based ont, checked invotes, 2, remagsurrnent quanties, 5. expinalion. Inthe fra cost stoemer, the otal costs shout beclaslied downto the 2nd ve of cox brentdovin, 65 oteFOUNDATIONS Repar Most bung defarts are caused by dam Rng damp torn the (gound san be caused by mnisang or detectvo up rooting aver, the feuncations or ela. missing & sited dianage or defective btwees ground ara wal rn When # ropst is undataken, it dso necessary te investigate eraged Hazon! demnp courses are faborous to realace, O raintemaicins TR trae wor need tobe caved cat very carey ecm 11 [tan seracee the capllary transport of maitre must be ntomupied. Euling fapance, car be costes Teaulng ftom evaporation can bs sbsorbed fer a lng time, att the durity af auch eomodal plaster ia sil Soneiderablyshoter than poster on a dy euctrate © rerrena stasis @ ines enotom te ae oa trent: nrteiirternbttere: ener eel ell erate 73WALLS fick ang Back Massy Lead-bearing walls Walls mich have te bearmorethan te s-eght en ane story scaled loa beeing wal Bracing walls rn Mason ean be secured by bracing wats and slats below are hove (hvae dmersina cel principe. racing wals ae tuldng | My n fog. mie lass © Foetvniwensrmess fr comaren Non-load-bearing walle ra alls which ste ony loaded bythe set olght and ae net used for bracng againet buckling sts caled non loac boating, Cutouts and chases can ether bo chased out echnical tr formed im bond by the brekloyer. The dota ean toque = es 8 Perimeter ie B : * —frenfaced eoncrte end constructed fogster ith columns = 2 land massive lor slabs. A spied vasfcation procedure c= © coemete ne xpi be usoe under corain crcumstances for the cosign of masony "Sm asm oto em eel “~ SS “A \ 4 © ren cation ior srry tesco @ eraser nee © Aer sc wn ton 7sys © reser ion aranine © verconnsemarnnsonsinn @ ouverpriraione, 88 weraximsacer Qk sy ne © cemrteantaronin ROOFS Pched Reafs Roof coverings Reed thatching + Q: 12-1.4 m leng, en batens, sparing 20-90 eM, fasd with ends uowatde a a thickness of =28 om ibate 3540 cmy. Lieime is sunry istics ED-/O years hal nat in wat dist, Wood shingle reof > @: of ook, beech ach neo, snusualy spnice. The etme o! wooden Shingles degands onthe quilt nd veatment ofthe mater, th intensity of preciption and the ptch ofthe rot Rule ofthur: dagoes of ool saps years sf ile. Yooten shingles are sutatl or covating al srtsof ‘uot Slate» @ - © at ptshes of 15-00" en =24 men thik Roaring ‘of 12 om wide planks, Ganded roofing fet (200 gauge} protests against dust and wind Lep =8em foster 10cm. Various Types of sting ae used fr roof and nal exverirg in Dormers: ‘exclisive’, ld Garman and "i, a well 3 dacoratve slang! imosty template slates auch ae shingle, she angl, fh eco sctagonal tc} Reasonably priced satng types: cectanguar snd extved-cut tompate. Tami slang i also cute I steGLASS Nee ex OPTICALLY VARIABLE OLA89 ~ Doubiojased ite whos rasmistion properties can bo 7 Akered are difeentizea ito svitening ard svvtchable uns Pema Switesing ante are candoned during production so that hey react autenaicaly 1 ceran infuoness (og. thermctropi unt). @ tigeronen a zy mw by chang ihe gi yer tnbetean te pas by suse enmne soohing avotage suet, © Seta ape eet sTieimioeopie ons SAREE) Lint seen main wena eet tas eae These composi unts react with aterations of temperature cere by chang ta char (rarer o opaque se cca wn a nase of to corpses Sh cert tet ‘stacion propia, wth algn tar suctees ety eta Socieg © terse sing te tocton othe yer The Seclae aeration is reversible 1 Electochromatic unite | tne rancmitace of hese unite can be ateed by appt & valage foe restive layer For itemaluse, hs car be aehoved fle futon reiaby oly between 40°C and +40°0). Other "Syston make use of he propery of seme materia to ater or it) Se ‘sual tranamttance ard cobraten wt tho absrgton er release a ons (by appiyng avotagn, rece untssresutane for extoral — i GAGE ans. cast Lass ropes q FH FH Sect Sts Ciestsuclny Cartbece useor | apptietions where obscure glass recuied (bathroom. WC) and 35 a design clemont, manera glass fo avaabie a whit ana Gg a a Uintec rv we glass, and whe and tinted orramertal wed ‘xcept when usedin ovarnead lang, tlase, laminated safety lees ed treraly Ineted Garis Units The stueturo is normally faced tothe outsde in order to @ scree Dawe ceorerene new # proper edge jot! the goes ony ligtly stvetwrd, tho stricture sido an be faced inwarse in ord le simpy lintetcases the float lass, toughened gass or lmninatd safety Fa in ‘Most cast glasses can bo futher processed to make toughened apace assets 7 mie | ‘The cimensions of doors correspond to the dimensions of matal Seamnwmear ties ti] pent ont caer eset comply with the structural requiemerts, Stuctured cast gle nd rintate toughened fat glass pares are avaiable, Pritable laminated safety gis panes can also be supoleg the composts “Sooty ce eons _| sell ented}, Sushi | isha | fens tar_| Whole glass door elements consist of ne or more oss oars. fe) sivfot)est-esr |] Meade elements andthe ang Furr posabiss se skin foczoa | Shee toca | folding, sogmerted arch, a ound arch door elements, Vavous Zora | seam | yoo-am | tts and gase stickies we avaliable, and sanead Spell cee sere sree BY ss 408| oO Sree 2a) (i oom ; Radar damping Radar fection damping ie a requvremnt of Gorman Ae Trafic Contr! (DFS). appiving fo the fagades ofall iarge bugs ‘Ne vicinty of avparts. Te purgose ist suppress the efecto ff radar sionals, hich ean oceur fom ‘ange fagade races, because these rected sigrats can load to also information the rar eceene of a” tafe contol and thus endanger ait tate Special comings can bo used to achieve hig damping through sbsorsion and phase delayed overayng fntortewce) of te fader sigal iting ane eingreoted fom tre msuates gia Because ol tho particular ‘equtamens for insulted gszrg, Ihe ghss stuctwe mist be speciesly called for every ppleton. Light and energy values sro dotormiad in each aoe ey the Gass structure, The lee! 9 ada” damping tequied opens on many factrs, nding th za ofthe baling ants ‘istane rom an ont fot racer agape, ‘radar ropors genera to be commissioned foreach pulang roman acemeited nate inordertadetrmine a quid Rat ‘ampng, The lace manutacurer develop a laze srucure and ths fsthon discussed wit tw natu, A othr fagade srt ave be hwesipated ors report ae wel in oroer 0 ake be recestary messes nfo account or constuction 112 GLASS cua Watling ‘Reols tagade i 8 angle ska eutain valing constuction wth 8 ventated eat at the rear, with appx. dD em. ane single- oF double gazed externa cadng panes, Suffer’ and convled hat dissipation must be quarantsed. The lagade panels can be sed al reund, on tuo sicas ar st points socording 10 official Standards and gudelins, Technical apyroval sreqaed fr paves fed at pots ra spscil-seae approval hes tobe pple fr The lugade pansls can be fly colourcoated en the back or partly printed by the seresn-prnting recess, Special comings be frm the vareds manuiaclureren arr to achave ole matzhing with slar cont glass. Sanples are necessary to ensures comect cobur mateh. Al ble edges must be fey sound ane poliehed ane nowvisnle ecges must ba gro. Warm fagade without ventilation at rear ‘ne warm ‘2gaco can consst of past ang ral cunain waling or storey-eight curtain waling clemnts In bath case, the non- transparent parts or parapets eve a gles panel, Te eoratrurion af the external pane! ean bo, fer examle, an axtemal fagage panel win the nacossay Herma insilauon behind i, Bickhas in accordatce wth EFEV, and an intama) lear which sled gait cision of wazer vapout2.g, duminum sheet ied forms cae be consiuctes, an adatona! glass layer f fet font ofthe iam eurtain wall n order ta ctesto @t¥2- SIemersiondl appeerance (os belo. fe pel rain the ayer that crane water then tis ala ware aged, Flush lass curtain wall Sppewene Afsutce goss mpennes spambots Technet prov cr sped casaappna The sitar seing Techie! Rye Now 270. 1-70) tat posses gonmal In-Gomany al faador over min height must have an eetenal mactanica fang ofthe pares. Al insulated glezrg must have 2 F fresesisan glazing has ony ited practicality for extemal tno, Roeauze the foaming fo-potactin ajar cannot be hosted over 50-60". This i only possible to guarantee for f Sujet tinct sunshina tafectve sin shading we preed ane guarentee, Sun soreens Sun sorcer are normally used 2s adional axtoral transparent sun shading layers. They const of metalic. oxie-costed toughen alas panes When nealing sn serenns, thr oaing shoul alvays be onthe vewher se, Sun eceans can, sccorcing lo offi standards end euideiros, bs Fixed all roune. on Ho Sides ora points. Tecnica approvals required for panels red a ponts, era scecial-saseaparova most be apoied forSeto waa Sl @ Seerseremngsnsird ee © Fesen ri Doors Garagelndustial Dears Up and over doors > @ can be used for gwages and simlar with 3 spring counterbalance oF may be single skir, couble akin, edi, parialy glazed, fly glazed, constructed of wood, plastic, lagest drve‘though cinensions ‘ite is eppror. 10 m*. Istallaion segmental sich. Operation is 9 ars door falcing ©, sectional deore 10, tlescovie ling doors ~ @ ard toler deors + @ made of luminiam, pus lage shgle and Imi-sken doers for ose in industrial bbldings, transport and werkshecs: ‘max, 18m wide ana m hah. Doors can be operated by: pull switches, ght Beams. nelucion rile remote sont eoract eds There ar ‘apié open Jugh doors, flxole FU oor ~@, wt siglo: waar lard impact-esistom clear PYC: XG oo ud ae tp cuin > (©. Single and dousle panel T30- “w fradeors-> @ ane sing to. ptccten doors > ® canbe tod Movable fie eitant il clsires uch as siding, tting of Ringed _ Srors mut ction independent ofthe oct tnd ee automatically nthe eaca of fro FFscherRogel mechani LIU aia ® Poesetwseaion asians spegeagLIFTS Priniles For al buidings, its should rermaly be postoned at the furce of tie flow. Provoe Sufcrent space for wating ane queuing Sp. 12D whch rust rot invnge on sais. Carly Flan the eoreectin too wae foutes, Thee are two difeent {00 systms for Its: 1 Traction sheave dive (or reeset omar Tagen see 2 Hyerauicits + © -@ “Traction te: ely Pave their — ives above the shel, The ase tmp weight of he ear and halt eles the ive lone are bates by he barrens counterweight. Placing the crive Ee H tho top erat the batom rast ta the shat males soceseary dibenal puleys, resuieg. Higher opeating coss. The rrachiery ana cont. sys fan te. accommodated in feparste michineroomor, nthe intr nee tac tao of ite without @ machine = fpom. paced in the shaft + ph ith rydrautc. fits, a push fylnder fs mostly used +O ©. Tro iting eyinder can bo ranged drecty oF eect The rangement of a dieet tbe under tho grourd 2 no Iomgor stable becavee of the Faquiements for Ino grotecton anger alesse Parra icsmtpem —— pull'eyinger » @ B-0 can be iesecdl Sone ae Srsstiomi= —Spproprate jn’ cero eneve. A Fall eyindor ints baele fem tans « part of the weight the car The has even more PD siti e: Pe pees | Sezomaeens = (S| 22 © mye waren Tah 128LIFTS ‘Small Gross Lis Small gnosis ae eae dus waite): payload =300 hg: car transporting baht goods, documents, ‘ood st. ot forse hy pareano The shaft framewer ie nomaly Shalt pit orom the flosy ane clad on I sces by nan farmat buena mmatorats. © - @. Caledlaton ot tho transport capacity of goods its 0. Tre folowing fem s used 10 estimate the timo, n soconds of lone transport eye Teaebeiteetd =e satgnesimumn tear smatznminwmnsice — @) Sratazeonm en 2— constant factr for ound ip inal inet tronic cece dnr I= hoight of the fit, ¥ = operating ae pond fi], Ly = leading ane east =e Unleading Ime 6), H = number of Sw soxewatm Wee [ata 5 ‘sn Sot |so0 f= time for acceleration anc ‘oo Se ‘9 tan Sen 90 Aecelaration fcrechofuccone Bw] == Po ae tg= to for closhg ard opening tho soo 2B OS He Soors 10's verte siding doors in The anspotaton xpscity can be ciuined fem the time for 908 rraneport cic, T. according tothe oem © eresrsrrene Tema ace Sas oO «0 £2. joumeyatnin Structural requirements: Tho machne.reom must be lockable, Fave eutioant lumiration and be of 8 size te provantszcidens. Ace for the machinery must be 21.8 m hgh. Foae its innosptals it sates walls. External pres-outton cortol trust be. prove fer eating anc despetchieg the lit torrem’ each © casei em aa =oys sopping pont So | am | Zoo (Goods itt re tose intended Si opiate of th Stopping precision ‘Goods ifs without Wave deay + 20- Passenger and goods ite with tavel Speod: 025-0. up to 2.63~.0ms, © srevsaremic teatae me 132“The eck ofa contury Armong the changes in secioty causod by indsstriaisation Since the riddle of the 19th century house bulldna ras Goveleped into cental activity of he construction nausty. Housing shortage and mass poverty becamea decisive politcal fimension which stil continued inte the 20th century due To the Word Wars Se ci The regulation and encouragement of house buiting is taretore an essential aspect of natenal constuction poly. Poltical instruments have bear developed in the form of coottSG® planning lave and balding requatiors > o. 56, ended to oes jm standards to protect pivacy avoid danger and Lave to subeldiee housing conetnuston ands repeatedly rnodifed syetem af fhancia grants and tax exemptions have ‘cetped hausing (property incentives, In consideration of the fumert cversupply at hausng and inrensig demand fhe ark garding ten and quality, the subsidy laws have been mended inrecent yea ‘The essontal subsidy instumorte in Gormany are: tho Law {© Subsidise House Building: the state subsidy for house building, Ind devin in the Law to Subsiise Secla! Housing f 1308/2001. The subsicsing of Fouse Builing Hnelucee the new construction of fae wth subsicieed rents, the new onettection of avine-oecupied housing, the purchase and rolurtishment of exising houses and the purchase ef rigs of eceupancy, (vantathe size detaia of subsidized houses ard apatoaton owa inthe relevant Rousing subsidy regulations — ©. The Soract housing avbeidy gfoup ae houecholde whose ineame oes vot exseed the level spulated inthe laws are equations, ‘ith csabled members. The subsidy is the form of loans at Certfcates ana tre pronsioncf emsap auld land {ii holon proves fr a ied pated subi tom tunoroccoiedfatu and hover. Te tet pou for tie in id down inte lan. On account of tho curt over sino mining hepato! neon rhe ne ten 136 BASICS Heuse-uldng Plcy Housing area regulation The Reguation for the caleuation of the hovsing area’ of 25/7 72003 fa used to workout fhe aren of houses an fats for the parnose ofthe Law to Sues Hove Sucig, Th area of a hoizo of iat cludes the oer aoa af all ooms which belong Bxclusively tothe Reuse of inthe case ofa rsicental heme ho ras intorded forthe slo se oft over = @. The faor ava ofa room fs determined fom the chararce soace af the bulking eemporent ~ @. Tho ear area ts measured inthe raving, Foor ares are calculated aceoring 2» Q, ‘tiene nen ig Fie ete dia “dewsea en tne ep peme ae KW Subsidy Bonk The KAW Subsidy Bank's publi bed with te eaptl provided by the Federal Repute of Germany tnd the sees, The main empleo setts the praviion af avaurabe lane forthe fencouragement of house buiding, The subsices a nthe form ot S bubeidy prograrme ith fixed ane, Curent (autarn 2008} he Following programmes are astive KEW property pogramme forthe building cr purchace of oper occupied howses end ts, Ecolegeal buleing for the censtrastan of passive houses, KAW enerey-sating houses and the stallion of renewable energy heating ystems Housing modernization for the medersation and repar of resident budge. with fmpaaa en thereducton ef enegy eeneumetian for sngle measures itonded fo reduce the energy consumption Solar electiity production te finance photoetaic ystems on residential uiings|ae Sooo eee fae $f | a J 1 i th +tett tht paoeas | EL. So 140 ACCESS Passage Access Deck access means hat the nda! storeys of block of fats wassages, which are connected 0 none e more nteral. rong o fa stancing fixed vertical stuctues (ssa, tts). The fats se ouanised aig the aagsanes anal on tno sides ot on theese (th an mera functan zen), The passages can be anged itera (ternal passage ~ ©) a aleng ar extemal Suiace (external deck») They have faith conaponding dealing) the apoearance of semipuble street ~>. 109. The routs of his Steet det Front aa for inemal peosagee ult) wall tthe fat preduces & tendency 1a ve sided orentation of he fa Ta vai of possibile vith tha access type therefore resus from the layering of rult-storey and mezzanine resicential unis, whi forthe rossibity, by buliing ever te access passages, of double-pec! ving on two sis ofthe fi al | os Intornat passage I? the aceese passage fs sid the bude, ths is called an itera passage block -» . iththe auto, Ing on one level lends to siglo orintatian, fs turoore better lo chide teeldeta unis ever to er tor stores @ fore). Extemal passage Ian xleral passage bulking, the horeontalaceese slong one lang side ef the stueture » @. The open passages net without probleme under the elmatc eonations in Genta Europe, din Sedan isnormaly pret! oplace only subsidiary roams next to theexteral passage + © fa sulale for fate and studs + @. lis belle he resident lint extonde over two or more soreyt > @. If feo lvl ste staggered by jst hall @ storey in height, this produces Iavowable precondilons for tne overlapping of functions tnd stratifction @ (e. The range of possi varatone fs Therelore considerably extended i the reaigentia untae nat tho same width for he entre depth ef the Suldng, but rather verapped ith te neighbouring un Honzantal access to every second storey + @ (b) peenite arable awangemers of lag fesient: UNS on dient lovels combined wth sal unis atthe extance lve. Good Sxteralpeseage zones. Syrmaticalstackitg of maisonettes or to lint the numberof heizantal cess pon,FLOOR PLANS Fats Central eariar pon © ‘re cena condor pln To He clisic oor pln a ate 19 the te acades ard are eapated by the oad bea mia ‘cies an eat epartey Corn nl ese ean a poricol quitocci topes nieofebuling. © ee rt tant an stern ‘There inatual ging 9 aliing eae and, wen te bung © epee unit central cover canbe widenedinto scent hal ‘re cetral cordorsiyletat baccessea etrer miatyorsceways ON through a frat zone. Inthe age of funetonalyneusal ts, the Pa” ental 2orraor pla is S's papular ana tunenenal yp, tt t | Le eeseL ral © rset dunto rm nest Grouped roam flor plan + The idea ofthe grouped oom floorplan develoned atthe start of the 20th cantar and fe based on the separation of areas Inside the apatmet into two team coupe" the ving teasing 00m, kichen and shing aes) and the seeping area (bedrooms. and bathrooms} The characteristic fetus ofthis tye ef grouped room layout Combines the two Bedrooms and the Bathroom ine one spa Ur and is aeparata fram the ving reas by = doot The apa Sseparaton ofthe two room gaups is inended to produce less of space fr sccess. © cersncmn (Central function zone -+ © In bulings of renter copth, the cana ea of the flat san be viendo fom azoneo! subsiiar/space andthe facadescan be Ccampleely used fr iving aees. Saivoons wih artical Ightirg forlt indict tom ofr areas of tha fat), ktchers, evaboaed ard stoage areas ran be placed hee, ard aprroprice passages land spaces cove the connection the outsse roams. Wcdened contral corvider — Asan atomaive to > @ in tee-standing point houses +p. V2 £. tre contra ares of hs ft oon be usatily widened to or a9 lat-purpoce)lving oom as the centre ef the fiat The resulting space serves both as ling veom and access anit inrectiy through the cher bom or dist through appropriate recesses inthe cade (eg. ecessed balconies The al-purpese room is typobgicaly comparable tthe atrium, ard ideaty fens etuncvoralnearalcormusicatn (and py fea. A defiits functional (ue) descrition is, however often | |bee Rooms Keohane Working processes The layout of hlehen shoud enable tone and tine saving ekg In aedento a sstasieanargomens ard wotone p. 149, orking recess ceed wh opposing workigps > bo be used 39 two poops at ha same tna in is samo area the ‘wedge andapplances ae agers aranced + @. r igh eusboarls and shelves should autably nsitined ilatie tothe workin ates and shou! be comforts to rach > @ @. Wiostops placed at he carect height forthe evant act fen mae htchen work considerably easier» ©. Kichens are requonty ssed ateas of ths howe and sheuld be amforabo snd easy to slean » tis. agood doa a set window sila a «sutable hight above the vorktop so that windows c= be opened wehouthavig to Gear the wektop — @. “0. Troarangenent a’ switesos and sechetsana te ational thar pipe should be taken inte acoaunt nthe planing ae 0 ears oe @ Eee tan contePL Rooms Living Areas Live seae ae eseaorsed ito those with shared ooms tea ard ding rooms, ktehne) ainda private eam or on fortwo people (aarents!fedrcom,chidren's room, quest mom. ‘his diferetiton leade to the conventional form lyouty percully in commercial howe buleing But the way ving seas are actully used is much more comple rl vated: Gediooms loday are oten used for wotk, play ad reéaxation ee thus have some af the functions of shard rooms sment worth considering, + @: en indvidual room which can be used for a ible range offunctons, thasan are of appre, 12 m,ineluding mover fora wheelchair ané posse extension onto a pee baeany. ‘badrocms with minimal space of aporoe. 13. fas 2! room or twin edioom) and approx. Bon (angle ram, ‘These would normaly be ald teas of southeast (parents) farother port ef the home, +0: te options ora genetous wn bearoomot 185 mF which could be partioned ter exampe, fe chen 2 they grow up ~+@: smal independent indvcual aes with shower roam ard ‘The conventional Iving room as a shared resent roam ard prestigous ace oftne Reuse for viens lncrensingy developing into a mutt-unetional eammuniestione zane, vhichhas te ser ima needs of esicens, but aso guests aa Warors 197 Pesidentia iRooms attrooms Details and ting out The former standard valid for movement seas n batvooms wee tharann without replacement in 2007. because ft nadeauatey ‘onaldeed the reqaremants cf discbed people, The dimensions {gvan here should ferelere considered as azsolte minimums Because of the high huni) and resuting condensation, the sirlaces must be easy to clea, Wal ard ealing aster snout be abate absorb and raleace encugh moistus. Floor corer Sould be sufiioty slip-resstant. If tore is no launcy roo, ‘he balroam must be designed with spare ane connections fora ‘machine, wastor/dyer ard laundry easket. Inaddlton, the flowing sheuld te included inthe design ef @ erstowe tenants Oxia tn lookable medicine cat | ‘ © rrremmuengacecrwanegmtine 161ROOMS Subsisary Booms CComnmunal storeroome Inada to the stoerooms or sorage epsces: i each ft, fer resdentid buidias in tulding classes 3-5, the eulding regulations require en eaaly accessible (commua) stowroon for prans, pushchairs ard bieeles. Coresponding areas shoul feo be provided in otter rsidertal baloings ard cetached houses, Fer the dasgn of these rooms, i can be assumed ‘hat st least ane vente per cccupant jcludng cle) has to be accommodated. In addon te bieyles, prams and pushes, itis alan necossay to consider mopeds, teres, rae tc +0. Tre ooms soul possble bs located a sto level be eckable ‘icles. The canbe lout a torsoome nid the oul) scsoon fo the entrance) or ae sepunte Bayole sheds > @ - @. 2 sufciant numberof actions icy stands shouldbe priced Inthe open a partewal if the torroamas been stustd inthe cel char Tre slerage space presided for each fot nomaly consis ef fstorsom inside the Yat ~ p. 162, and an addtional space the Mt. Ths is nermall posed asa car computer S20 O,bucansisa be provided expansvat aa parking shed ine gounds, ala stereroome sheud ba cy nd wl verte. ‘Natural igtrg ew be recommended. Aporopratecetang oft index opening can optimise helen eterng > ©. ee 0 vn —— 165