AS 1101.

31987

Australian Standard

GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR

GENERAL ENGINEERING

Part 3 : WELDING AND NON-

DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
This Australian standard was prepared by Committee WD/1, Welding Definitions and
Symbols. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of
Australia on 12 November 1986 and published on 6 February 1987.

The following interests are represented on Committee WD/1:

Australian Welding Institute

Australian Welding Research Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Confederation of Australian Industry
CSIRO, Division of Manufacturing Technology
Department of Defence
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
Railways of Australia Committee
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australi an Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this informati on is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australi an
Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publi cati ons, new edit ions
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australi a,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australi an Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 85138.

 AS 1101.31987

Australian Standard

GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR

GENERAL ENGINEERING
Part 3 : WELDING AND NON-
DESTRUCTIVE
EXAMINATION

First publi shed (as AS Z6) . . . . .. .. .. .. ... .. 1955

Revised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... ... .. .. 1969
AS 1101, Part 3 fi rst publi shed . . .. .... .. .. . .. 1979
Second editi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . ..... .. 1987

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 4462 7
AS 1101.31987 2

PREFACE

This edition of this standard was prepared by the Associations Committee on Welding
Definitions and Symbols, to supersede AS 1101, Graphical Symbols for General
Engineering, Part 31979Symbols for Welding. It is generally based on
ANSI/AWS A2.4-79, Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing, and the
permission of the American Welding Society Inc. to use their standard is
acknowledged.
The standard provides a scheme whereby complete details of welds and welded joints
can be delineated on drawings. A separate section has been included establishing
symbols for use on drawings to specify requirements for non-destructive examination
for determining the soundness of materials.
The method for symbolic representation of welds on engineering drawings used in this
standard is consistent with the third angle method of projection, which is the
preferred method given in AS 1100, Technical Drawing, Part 101General Principles.
It should be noted, however, that the scheme is equally appropriate to drawings in
which the first angle method of projection is used.
The committee noted the practice currently adopted in ISO 2553, WeldsSymbolic
Representation on Drawings, in regard to the position of the symbols on drawings, viz
the dual reference line, and felt that this situation should not be carried over into this
standard. Therefore, the practice of using one continuous reference line remains
unaltered in this edition.
Illustrations used with the text are intended only to show how symbols may be used
to convey welding or testing information and do not necessarily represent good or
accepted design practice.

Copyri ght STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of Standards are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Australi a publications and soft ware. Except where the
Copyri ght Act all ows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Austr alia may be
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exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia.
Standards Australi a wil l also permit the inclusion of its copyri ght material in computer soft ware programs for no royalt y
payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is fr om the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
 3 AS 1101.31987

CONTENTS

Page
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES

2.1 BASIC SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

SECTION 3. SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS

3.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
3.2 SIZE OF FILLET WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
3.3 LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
3.4 EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING .. 26
3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDING . .. 26
3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS
FILLET WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.8 FILLET WELDS IN HOLES AND SLOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF FILLET WELDS . . . 26
3.10 SKEWED JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS

4.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN THROAT THICK-
NESS OF BUTT WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3 JOINT PREPARATION DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF BUTT WELDS . . . . 36
4.5 BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.6 JOINT WITH BACKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.7 JOINT WITH SPACER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING AFTER WELDING
ONE SIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

SECTION 5. SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING

5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.2 USE OF SURFACING SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3 SIZE (THICKNESS) OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY WELDING 48
5.4 EXTENT, LOCATION, AND ORIENTATION OF SURFACES
BUILT UP BY WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.5 SURFACING A WELD FACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING

6.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . 50
6.2 EDGE-FLANGE WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 50
6.3 CORNER-FLANGE WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . 50
6.4 DIMENSIONS OF FLANGE WELDS . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.5 MULTIPLE-JOINT FLANGE WELDS . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 50
AS 1101.31987 4

Page

SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING

7.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54
7.2 SIZE OF PLUG WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54
7.3 ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54
7.4 DEPTH OF FILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54
7.5 SPACING OF PLUG WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54
7.6 SURFACE CONTOUR OF PLUG WELDS . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 54

SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING

8.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.2 DEPTH OF FILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.3 DETAILS OF SLOT WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF SLOT WELDS . . . . . 59

SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING

9.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . .. 60
9.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SPOT WELDS ... . . . . . . .. . .. 60
9.3 SPACING OF SPOT WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. 60
9.4 EXTENT OF SPOT WELDING . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . .. 60
9.5 NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. 60
9.6 GROUPED SPOT WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . .. 64
9.7 FLUSH SPOT WELDED JOINTS . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. 64
9.8 MULTIPLE-JOINT SPOT WELDS . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . .. 64

SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING

10.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SEAM WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.3 LENGTH OF SEAM WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT SEAM WELDS . . . . . 65
10.5 ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.6 FLUSH SEAM WELDED JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.7 MULTIPLE-JOINT SEAM WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS

11.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
11.2 JOINT PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

12.1 BASIC SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE
EXAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

APPENDICES
A ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND APPLIED
PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
B DESIGN OF STANDARD SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
C APPLICATION DRAWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
 5 AS 1101.31987

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
for
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING

PART 3WELDING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE. This standard describes symbols which
provide the means of placing complete welding
information on drawings. It covers the details and
application of symbols related to various welding
processes (including brazing), and non-destructive
examination.
Appendix A gives a listing of abbreviations normally
used for welding and allied processes. Appendix B
shows the design of standard symbols, while
Appendix C gives a typical example for the use of
symbols on structural drawings.
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following
standards are referred to in this standard:
AS 2536 Surface Texture
AS 2812 Welding, Brazing and Cutting of Metals
Glossary of Terms
1.3 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this
standard, the definitions given in AS 2812 shall
apply.

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AS 1101.31987 6

SECTION 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES

2.1 BASIC SYMBOLS 2.1.2 Illustrations. Examples given including

2.1.1 Distinction between weld symbol and welding
symbol. This standard makes a distinction between the
terms weld symbol and welding symbol. The weld
symbol (see Fig. 2.1) indicates the type of weld. The
welding symbol (see Fig. 2.3) is a method of
representing the weld symbol on drawings, and
includes supplementary information and consists of
the following eight elements:
(a) Reference line (shown horizontally).
(b) Arrow.
(c) Basic weld symbols.
(d) Dimensions and other data.
(e) Supplementary symbols.
(f) Finish symbols.
(g) Tail.
(h) Specification, process, or other references.
NOTE: Not all of the above elements need to be used unless
requir ed for clarit y.
dimensions (in millimetres) are illustrative only and
are intended to facilitate communications. They are
not intended to represent design practices or to
replace code or specification requirements.
2.1.3 Basic weld symbols. Basic weld symbols
shall be as shown in Fig. 2.1. The symbols shall be
drawn on the reference line (shown dotted).
2.1.4 Supplementary symbols. Supplementary
symbols to be used in connection with welding
symbols shall be as shown in Fig. 2.2.
2.1.5 Standard location of elements of a welding
symbol. The elements of a welding symbol shall
have standard locations with respect to each other as
shown in Fig. 2.3. Specification and process
references should be shown in the tail of the
welding symbol.

Fig. 2.1. BA SIC WELD SY MBOLS

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Fig. 2.2. SU PP LEMENTAR Y SY MBOLS

2.2 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS AND WELDS.

2.2.1 Basic types of joints. The basic types of joints
are shown in Fig. 2.4.
2.2.2 Applicable welds. Applicable welds in basic
types of joints are listed in Fig. 2.4.
2.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS
2.3.1 Location significance of arrow.
2.3.1.1 General. The location significance of arrow
is shown in Fig. 2.5. * Use appropriate letter symbol for process
Fig. 2.7. SY MBOLS WITH NO SIDE
SIGNIFICAN CE

2.3.2 Location of weld with respect to joint.

2.3.2.1 Arrow side. Welds on the arrow side of the
joint shall be shown by placing the weld symbol on
the side of the reference line towards the reader (see
Fig. 2.8 and Clause 2.3.1.1).

Fig. 2.5. LOCA TION SIGNIFICA NC E OF ARR OW

2.3.1.2 Butt, fillet, and flange weld symbols. For

symbols for butt, fillet, and flange welds, the arrow
shall connect the welding symbol reference line to one
side of the joint and this side shall be considered the
arrow side of the joint. The side opposite the arrow
side of the joint shall be considered the other side of Fig. 2.8. WELDS ON AR ROW SIDE
the joint (See Fig. 2.6.)
2.3.2.2 Other side. Welds on the other side of the
2.3.1.3. Plug, slot, spot, seam and projection weld joint shall be shown by placing the weld symbol on
symbols. For symbols for plug, slot, spot, seam, and the side of the reference line away from the reader
projection welds, the arrow shall connect the weld (see Fig. 2.9 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
symbol reference line to the outer surface of one of
the members of the joint at the centreline of the
desired weld. The member towards which the arrow
points shall be considered the arrow side member.
The other member of the joint shall be considered the
other side member. (See figures cited in Sections 7 to
10 inclusive).
2.3.1.4 Symbols with no side significance. Some weld
symbols have no arrow side or other side significance,
although supplementary symbols used in conjunction
with them may have significance (see Fig. 2.7 and
Clauses 9.1.2 and 9.1.4). Fig. 2.9. WELDS ON OTHE R SIDE

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Fig. 2.3. STAN DA RD LOCA TION OF ELEMENTS OF A WELDING SY MBOL

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Applicable welds
Square-butt J-butt
V-butt Flare-V-butt
Bevel- butt Flare-bevel- butt
U-butt Edge-f lange
Braze

Applicable welds
Fillet Flare-bevel- butt
Square-bult Edge-f lange
V-butt Corner-f lange
Bevel- butt Spot
U-butt Projecti on
J-butt Seam
Flare-V-butt Braze

Applicable welds
Fillet J-butt
Plug Flare-bevel- butt
Slot Spot
Square-butt Projecti on
Bevel- butt Seam
Braze

Applicable welds

Fillet J-butt
Plug Flare-bevel- butt
Slot Spot
Bevel- butt Projecti on
Seam
Braze

Applicable welds

Square-butt Edge-f lange

Bevel- butt Corner-f lange
V-butt Seam
U-butt Edge
J-butt

Fig. 2.4. BA SIC TYP ES OF JOINTS

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Fig. 2.6. AP PLICATION OF ARR OW SIDE AN D OTHER SIDE CONV EN TION

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2.3.2.3 Both sides. Welds on both sides of the joint
shall be shown by placing weld symbols on both sides
of the reference line, towards and away from the
reader (see Fig. 2.10 and Clause 2.3.1.1).
Fig. 2.10 WELDS ON BOTH SIDE S
2.3.3 Method of drawing symbols. Symbols may be
drawn mechanically or freehand as desired. Symbols
intended to appear in publications or otherwise to be
of high precision may be drawn with dimensions and
proportions shown in Appendix B.
2.3.4 Location of a specification, procedure,
process, or other reference.
2.3.4.1 Symbols with references. Where a specifica-
tion, procedure, process, or other reference is used
with a welding symbol, the reference shall be placed
in the tail (see Fig. 2.11).
Fig. 2.11. RE FERE NC E LOCA TION
2.3.4.2 Symbols without reference. Where desired,
symbols may be used without specification, process,
or other references in the following instances:
(a) Where a note such as the following appears on
the drawing: Unless otherwise designated, all
welds are to be made in accordance with
Specification No....
(b) Where the welding procedure to be used is
prescribed elsewhere, such as in shop instructions
and process sheets.
2.3.4.3 General notes. Where desired, general notes
such as the following may be placed on a drawing to
provide detailed information pertaining to the
predominant welds:
Unless otherwise indicated, all fillet welds are 6 mm
in size.
Unless otherwise indicated, root gaps for all butt
welds are 3 mm.
The information need not be repeated on the symbols.
2.3.4.4 Process indication. Where use of a definite
process is required, the process shall be indicated by
letter designations as shown in Appendix A (see
Fig. 2.12).
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AS 1101.31987
Fig. 2.12 PROCE SS IND ICATION
2.3.4.5 Symbol without tail. Where no specifica-
tion, process, or other reference is used with a
welding symbol, the tail may be omitted.
2.3.5 Site weld symbol. Site weld (welds not made
in a shop or at the place of initial construction) shall
be indicated by means of the site weld symbol. The
flag shall point away from the arrow. (See Fig.2.13.)
Fig. 2.13. US E OF SITE WELD SYMBO L
2.3.6 Symbol for complete penetration from one
side.
2.3.6.1 Use. The symbol for complete penetration
from one side shall be used only where complete
joint or member penetration plus reinforcement is
required in welds made from one side only (see
Fig. 2.14).
2.3.6.2 Location. The symbol for complete penetra-
tion from one side shall be placed on the side of the
reference line opposite to the weld symbol (see Fig.
2.14).
2.3.6.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of complete
penetration need not be shown on the welding
symbol. If it is desired to specify height of
reinforcement, it shall be shown on the drawing.
(See Fig. 2.14.)
2.3.7 Contour and surface finish methods for
complete penetration from one side.
2.3.7.1 Flush contour. Complete penetration welds
from one side that is to be made flush by
mechanical means shall be shown by adding both
the flush contour symbol and the required finish
symbol to the symbol for complete penetration from
one side (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.15).
Fig. 2.15. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CONTOUR
AS 1101.31987 12

Fig. 2.14 APP LICA TION OF SY MBOL FOR COMPLETE PE NE TRATION

FROM ONE SIDE

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2.3.7.2 Convex contour. Complete penetration welds

from one side that is to be mechanically finished to a
convex contour shall be shown by adding both the
convex contour symbol and the required finish symbol
to the symbol for complete penetration from one side
(see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 2.16).

Fig. 2.18. US E OF WELD-ALL-AROUN D SYMBO L

2.3.9 Weld continuity. Unless otherwise indicated,

all welds shall be continuous.

2.3.10 Finishing of welds. Finishing of welds,

other than cleaning, shall be indicated by suitable
contour and finish symbols. The following finishing
Fig. 2.16. INDICA TION OF CO NV EX CON TOUR symbols indicate the method, not the degree * , of
finish:
2.3.8 Extent of welding denoted by symbols. C Chipping.
2.3.8.1 Abrupt changes. Symbols apply between G Grinding.
abrupt changes in the direction of the welding or to M Machining.
the extent of hatching or dimension lines, except
where the weld-all-around symbol is used (see R Rolling.
Figs 2.19 and 2.20). P Peening.
(See Clauses 2.3.7, 3.9, 4.4, 4.5.3, 7.6, 8.4, 9.6, and
2.3.8.2 Hidden joints. Where the welding of the
10.6.)
hidden joint is the same as that of the visible joint, the
welding on hidden joints may be covered, as shown in 2.3.11 Construction of symbols. Fillet, bevel and
Fig. 2.17. In such case, a section is desirable but is J-butt, flare-bevel-butt, and corner-flange weld
not necessary. The drawing shall indicate the symbols shall be shown with the perpendicular leg
presence of hidden members. If the welding on the always to the left (see Fig. 2.25).
hidden point is different from that of the visible joint,
specific information for the welding of both shall be
given. If needed for clarification, auxiliary illus-
trations or views shall be added.

Fig. 2.25. CONS TRUC TION OF SY MBOLS

2.3.12 Crank in arrow. Where one member of a
joint is to be prepared, the arrow shall point with a
definite crank towards that member (see Fig. 2.26,
and also Figs 2.21 and 2.22).
Fig. 2.17. EX AM PLE OF HIDD EN JOINT

2.3.8.3 Approximate location. Where the exact

location of the weld is not critical, it may be indicated
as in Fig. 2.19(d).

2.3.8.4 Use of weld-all-around symbol . Welds

extending completely around a joint shall be indicated
by the weld-all-around symbol (see Fig. 2.18).
Welds that are completely around a joint which
includes more than one type of weld, indicated by a
combination weld symbol, shall be designated by the
weld-all-around symbol. Welds completely around a
joint in which the metal intersections at the points of Fig. 2.26. CR AN K IN AR ROW
welding are in more than one plane shall also be
indicated by the weld-all-around symbol. (See
Fig 2.20(c)).

* For methods of indicating degree of finish, see AS 2536.

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Fig. 2.19. DE SIGN ATION OF LOCA TION AND EX TENT OF FILLET WELDS

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(a) Weld wit h abrupt changes in dir ecti on

Fig. 2.20 DES IGNA TION OF EXTEN T OF WELDING

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(b) Weld-all-around symbol

Fig. 2.20 ( continued )

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(c) Weld in several planes

(W eld conti nues around periphery)

(d) Round point

(r ound member prepared by machining to round point)

(e) Chisel point

(r ound member prepared by machining to chisel point)

Fig. 2.20 ( continued )

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(a) Arrow side

(b) Other side

(c) Both sides

Fig. 2.21. AP PLICATION OF CR AN K IN ARR OW OF WELDING SY MBOL

(BEV EL-BUTT WELD)

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 19 AS 1101.31987

(a) Arrow side

(b) Other side

(c) Both sides

Fig. 2.22. AP PLICATION OF CR AN K IN AR ROW OF WELDING SYMBO L

(J-BUTT WELD)

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AS 1101.31987 20

(a) Single-bevel-butt and backing run weld symbols

(b) Back or backing, single-J-butt and fillet weld symbols

(c) Fillet and double-bevel- butt weld symbols

(d) Single-bevel-butt and double-fi llet weld symbols

Fig. 2.23. CO MB INATION OF WELD SYMBO LS SHOWING CR AN K IN ARR OW

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 21 AS 1101.31987

2.3.13 Reading of information on welding symbols.

Information on welding symbols shall be placed to
read from left to right along the reference line in
accordance with the usual conventions of drafting.
2.3.14 Combined weld symbols. For joints having
more than one weld, a symbol shall be shown for each
weld (see figs 2.23 and 2.24).
2.3.15 Complete penetration. The letters CP in
the tail of the arrow indicate a complete penetration
weld regardless of the type of weld or joint
preparation (see Clause 4.2.7 and Fig. 4.14).
2.3.16 Designation of special types of weld. Where
the basic weld symbols are inadequate to indicate the
desired weld, the weld shall be shown by a cross-
section, detail, or other data with a reference thereto Fig. 2.27. DE SIGNATIONS OF SP EC IAL WELD
TYPE S
on the welding symbol in accordance with the location
conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 2.27).

Desired weld Symbol

(a)

Desired weld Symbol

(b)

Fig. 2.24. AP PLICATION OF ELEC TROGAS WELDING AND ELEC TROS LAG
WELDING WITH COMBINATION OF WELD SYMBO LS

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AS 1101.31987 22

2.3.17 Multiple reference lines.
2.3.17.1 Sequence of operations. Two or more
reference lines may be used to indicate a sequence of
operations. The first operation is shown on the
reference line nearest the arrow. Subsequent
operations are shown sequentially on other reference
lines. (See Fig. 2.28.)
2.3.17.3 Test information. Test information may be
shown on a second or third reference line away from
the arrow as described in Section 12.
2.3.17.4 Supplementary symbols. Where required,
the weld-all-around symbol or test-all-around
symbol shall be placed at the junction of the arrow
line and reference line for each operation to which
it is applicable. The site weld symbol may also be
applied in the same manner. (See Fig. 2.30.)

Fig. 2.28. INDICA TION OF SE QU EN CE OF

OP ER ATION

2.3.17.2 Supplementary data. Additional reference

lines may be used to show data supplementary to
welding symbol information included on the reference
line nearest to the arrow (see Fig. 2.29).

Fig. 2.30. US E OF SU PP LEMENTAR Y SYMBO L

WITH MULTIPLE RE FERE NC E LINE

Fig. 2.29. US E OF AD DITION AL REFER EN CE LINE

FOR SUP PLEM EN TARY DA TA

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 23 AS 1101.31987

SECTION 3. SYMBOLS FOR FILLET WELDS

3.1 GENERAL 3.3 LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS.

3.1.1 Dimensioning fillets. Dimensions of fillet 3.3.1 Location. The length of a fillet weld, where
welds shall be shown on the same side of the indicated on the welding symbol, shall be shown to
reference line as the weld symbol (see Figs 2.19, 3.4, the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.3, and also
and 3.5). Fig. 3.4(f)).
3.1.2 Symbols with no general note. Where no
general note governing the dimensions of fillet welds
appears on the drawing, the dimensions of fillet welds
on both sides of the joint shall be shown (see Figs 3.1
and 3.2).

Fig. 3.3. LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS

3.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where fillet welding

Fig. 3.1. WELDS WITH SAM E DIMEN SIONS
extends for the full distance between abrupt changes
in the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no
length dimension need be shown on the welding
symbol (see Fig. 3.4(e)).
3.3.3 Specific lengths. Specific lengths of fillet
welding may be indicated by symbols in conjunction
with dimension lines (see Fig. 3.6, and also
Fig. 2.19(a) and (c)).

Fig. 3.2. WELDS WITH DIFFERE NT DIMEN SIONS

3.1.3 Symbols with general note. Where a general

note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions
of fillet welds, such as unless otherwise indicated, all
fillet welds are 8 mm in size, the dimensions of fillet
welds need not be shown on the symbol.
Fig. 3.6. INDICA TION OF SP EC IFIC LEN GTHS OF
3.2 SIZE OF FILLET WELDS. FILLET WELDS
3.2.1 Location. The size of a fillet weld shall be
shown to the left of the weld symbol (see Fig. 3.4(a), 3.4 EXTENT OF FILLET WELDING.
(b), (c), and (d)). 3.4.1 Hatching. Where it is desired to shown the
NOTE: Examples shown in Fig. 3.4 are for joints wit hout extent of fillet welding graphically, the location of
root gaps. For root gaps caused by workmanship tolerances, the weld may be shown by hatching (see Fig. 3.7).
the appropri ate appli cati on standard should be foll owed for
fi ll et weld sizes.
3.2.2 Unequal legs. The size of a fillet weld with
unequal legs shall be indicated to the left of the weld
symbol. Weld orientation is not indicated by the
symbol and shall be shown on the drawing when
necessary. (See Fig. 3.4(d).)
3.2.3 Minimum size. Unless otherwise indicated, the
deposited fillet weld size shall be not less than the
size shown on the drawing.
3.2.4 Penetration. Where penetration for a given
root opening is specified, as in Fig. 3.8(a), the
inspection method for determining penetration depth Fig. 3.7. EX TENT OF FILLET WELDING SH OWN
is to be included in the applicable specification. BY HA TCHING

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AS 1101.31987 24

Fig. 3.4. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO FILLET WELD

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 25 AS 1101.31987

(a) Length and pit ch of increments of intermitt ent welding

(b) Length and pit ch of increments of chain intermitt ent welding

(c) Length and pitch of increments of staggered intermit tent welding

NOTE: If required by actual length of the joint, the length of the increment of the welds at the end of the joint should be increased to
terminate the weld at the end of the joint.
Fig. 3.5. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO INTER MITTEN T FILLET WELD
SY MBOLS

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AS 1101.31987 26

3.4.2 Welds beyond abrupt changes. Fillet welding 3.9.2 Flat contour by mechanical means. Fillet
extending beyond abrupt changes in the direction of the welds that are to be made flat faced by mechanical
welding shall be indicated by means of additional arrows means shall be shown by adding both the flush contour
pointing to each section of the joint to be welded, as symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld
shown in Fig. 2.20(a), except where the weld-all-around symbol, in accordance with the location conventions
symbol is used. given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10 and Fig. 3.10).
3.5 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT FILLET
WELDING. Dimensioning of intermittent fillet welding
shall be as follows:
(a) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent
fillet welding shall be shown as the distance between
centres of increments on one side of the joint (see
Fig. 3.5).
(b) The pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of intermittent
fillet welding shall be shown to the right of the
length dimension (see Fig. 3.5).
(c) Dimensions of chain intermittent fillet welding shall Fig. 3.10. FLAT CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL
be shown on both sides of the reference line. Chain MEANS
intermittent fillet welds shall be opposite each other
as shown in Fig. 3.5(b). 3.9.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Fillet
welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex
(d) Dimensions of staggered intermittent fillet welding contour shall be shown by adding both the convex
shall be shown on both sides of the reference line contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the
using the convention shown in Fig. 3.5(c). weld symbol, in accordance with the location
3.6 TERMINATION OF INTERMITTENT FILLET conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10
WELDING. and Fig. 3.11).
3.6.1 Intermittent fillets only. Where intermittent fillet
welding is used by itself, the symbol indicates that
increments shall be located at the ends of the
dimensioned length (see Fig. 2.19(b)).
3.6.2 Intermittent welds between continuous welds.
Where intermittent fillet welding is used between
continuous fillet welds, the symbol indicates that spaces
equal to the pitch minus the length of one increment shall
be left at the ends of the dimensioned length (see Figs
2.19(a) and 3.5(a)).
Fig. 3.11. CONVEX CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL
3.7 COMBINATION OF INTERMITTENT AND MEANS
CONTINUOUS FILLET WELDING. Separate welding
symbols shall be used for intermittent and continuous 3.9.4 Concave contour by mechanical means. Fillet
fillet welding where the two are used in combination welds that are to be mechanically finished to a concave
along one side of the joint (see Fig. 2.19(a)). contour shall be shown by adding both the concave
3.8 FILLET WELDS IN HOLES AND SLOTS. Fillet contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the
welds in holes and slots shall be shown by means of fillet weld symbol, in accordance with the location
weld symbols (see Fig. 3.8(b)). conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Clause 2.3.10
3.9 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF and Fig. 3.12).
FILLET WELDS.
3.9.1 Contours obtained by welding. Fillet welds that
are to be welded approximately flat, convex, or concave
without recourse to any method of finishing shall be
shown by adding the flush, convex, or concave contour
symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the
location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 3.9).

Fig. 3.12. CONCAVE CONTOUR BY MECHANICAL

MEANS

3.10 SKEWED JOINTS. Where the angle between

fusion faces is such that the identification of the type of
weld and hence the proper weld symbol is in question,
the detail of the desired joint and weld configuration
shall be shown on the drawing.
Fig. 3.9. INDICATION OF WELD CONTOUR WITHOUT
MECHANICAL MEANS

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 27 AS 1101.31987

Desired weld Symbol

(a) Combination fillet and butt weld in
T-joint with specified root gap

(b) Fillet weld in holes (or slot)

Fig. 3.8. APPLICATION OF FILLET WELD SYMBOLS

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AS 1101.31987 28

(c) Double fillet weld symbols for one joint

(d) Double fillet weld symbols for two joints

Fig. 3.8. (continued).

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 29 AS 1101.31987

SECTION 4. SYMBOLS FOR BUTT WELDS

4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 Dimension location. Dimensions showing
preparation of butt welds shall be indicated on the
same side of the reference line as the weld symbol
(see Fig. 4.2, and also Fig. 4.1).
4.1.2 Double-butt dimensions. Where no general
note governing the dimensions of welds appears on
the drawing, the dimensions of double-butt welds shall
be shown on both welds (see Figs 4.3 and 4.4).
4.1.3 Cranked arrow. For bevel-butt, J-butt and
corner flange welds, a cranked arrow shall be used to
indicate which member is prepared as described in
Clause 2.3.12 (see Fig. 4.5).
4.1.4 Dimensions in general note. Where a general
note appears on the drawing governing the dimensions
of butt welds, such as unless otherwise noted, all
V-butt welds shall have a 60 groove angle, neither
butt weld need be dimensioned.
4.2 DEPTH OF PREPARATION AND DESIGN
THROAT THICKNESS OF BUTT WELDS.
4.2.1 Location. The depth of groove preparation
(S) and design throat thickness (D) of a butt weld
shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol (see
Figs 4.6 to 4.9).
4.2.2 Complete joint penetration required.
Where no depth of groove preparation or design
throat thickness is shown on the welding symbol for
single-butt and symmetrical double-butt welds,
complete joint penetration is required (see Fig.
4.6(d) and (e)).

Fig. 4.1. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO BUTT WELD SYMBO LS

(BUTT WELD SYM BO L SH OWING US E OF COMBINED DIMENS IONS )

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AS 1101.31987 30

Fig. 4.2. DIME NS IONS LOCA TION FOR BUTT WELDS

Fig. 4.3. WELDS WITH SAME DIMEN SIONS

Fig. 4.4. WELDS WITH DIFFERE NT DIMEN SIONS

Fig. 4.5. US E OF CRA NK ED AR ROW

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Fig. 4.6. DE SIGN ATION OF DE SIGN THROAT THICKN ES S OF BUTT WELDS

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AS 1101.31987 32

(a) Depth of preparati on S equal to design throat thickness (D)

(b) Depth of preparati on S less than design throat thickness (D)

(c) Depth of preparation S more than design throat thickness (D)

(d) No preparation

Fig. 4.7. EX AM PLES OF DIFFER EN T RE LATIONSH IPS BE TWEE N DE PTH OF

PR EP AR ATION S AN D DES IGN THROAT THICKN ES S (D)

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Fig. 4.8. DE SIGN ATION OF DES IGN THR OA T THICK NE SS OF BU TT WELDS

WITH SP EC IFIED DEP TH OF PRE PA RA TION

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AS 1101.31987 34

(a) Butt joint with no root opening

(b) Arrow side bevel-butt weld wit h root opening

(c) Both sides V-butt weld with root opening

Fig. 4.9. DE SIGN ATION OF DES IGN THR OA T THICK NE SS OF

BU TT WELDS WITHOUT SPE CIFIED DEP TH OF PR EP AR ATION

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NOTE: The total design throat thickness of the T-butt porti on of the weld cannot be greater than the thickness of the intersecti ng plate.

Fig. 4.10. DE SIGN ATION OF DES IGN THROAT THICK NE SS OF COMBINE D WELDS

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AS 1101.31987
4.2.3 Partial joint penetration specified, depth of
preparation not specified. The design throat
thickness of butt welds which extend only partly
through the member or members being joined shall be
shown in parentheses on the welding symbol (see
Fig. 4.11, and also Fig, 4.7(a), (b), (c) and (d)).
Fig. 4.11. PA RTIAL JOINT PEN ETRA TION
4.2.4 Depth of preparation specified, design throat
thickness not specified, or specified elsewhere. A
dimension not in parentheses placed to the left of the
symbol for a bevel weld, V-butt weld, J-butt weld, or
U-butt weld indicates only the depth of preparation
(see Fig. 4.12).
Fig. 4.12. INDICA TION OF DE PTH OF
PR EP AR ATION ONLY
4.2.5 Depth of preparation and design throat
thickness specified. Except for square-butt welds, the
design throat thickness (D) in relation to the depth of
groove preparation S shall be shown to the left of the
weld symbol. The design throat thickness (D) only is
shown for the square-butt weld. (See Fig. 4.13, and
also Figs 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.) The design throat
thickness (D) shall always be enclosed in brackets.
NOTE: In no case shall the total design throat thickness exceed the
thickness of the thinner member of the weld joint.
Fig. 4.13. INDICA TION OF DEP TH OF
PR EP AR ATION AND DES IGN THR OA T THICKN ES S
4.2.6 Special case of requirement of Clause 4.2.5
design throat thickness where specified less than
depth of preparation. Where it is desired to indicate
a design throat thickness (D) less than the depth of
preparation S, (D) is shown less than S on the welding
symbol (see Figs 4.7(c) and 4.16).
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4.2.7 Joint preparation optional, complete pene-
tration required. Contract design drawings, or
other drawings where conditions dictate, may allow
optional joint preparation with complete joint
penetration required by placing the letters CP in
the tail of the arrow and omitting the weld symbol
(see Fig. 4.14).
4.2.8 Joint preparation optional, design throat
thickness specified. For contract design drawings
where conditions dictate, the design throat thickness
may be specified by placing the dimension D on the
arrow side or other side of the reference line as
required but omitting the weld symbol (see
Fig. 4.15).
4.2.9 Flare-butt welds. The dimension S of flare-
butt welds is considered as extending only to the
tangent points indicated below by dimension lines
(see Fig. 4.16).
4.3 JOINT PREPARATION DIMENSIONS.
4.3.1 Root gap. The root gap of butt welds shall
be shown inside the weld symbol (see Fig. 4.17).
4.3.2 Preparation angle. The preparation angle of
butt welds shall be shown outside the weld symbol
(see Fig. 4.18).
4.3.3 Radii and root faces. Radii and land of U-
butt and J-butt welds shall be shown by a cross-
section, detail, or other data, with reference thereto
on the welding symbol, in accordance with the
location conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see
Fig. 4.19).
Fig 4.19. EXA MPLES OF INDICA TING DETAILS OF
RA DII AN D ROOT FACE S
4.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF
BUTT WELDS.
4.4.1 Contours obtained by welding. Butt welds
that are to be welded approximately flush without
recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown
by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld
symbol, in accordance with the location conventions
given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.20, and also
Fig. 4.25(a)).
Fig. 4.20. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CONTOUR
WITHOUT MEC HA NICA L MEAN S
 37 AS 1101.31987

(a) Joint preparation opti onal

Desired weld Symbol

(b) Joint preparation opti onal

Fig. 4.14. CO MP LETE PE NE TRATION REQ UIRE D, JOINT PR EP AR ATION OPTIONA L

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AS 1101.31987 38

Fig. 4.15. PA RTIAL PE NE TRATION SPE CIFIED , JOINT PRE PA RA TION OP TIONAL

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(a) Flare-V-butt weld with specif ied parti al joint preparation

(b) Flare-bevel- butt weld with specif ied part ial joint penetrati on and fi llet weld

Fig. 4.16. AP PLICATION OF FLAR E-BE VE L-BU TT AND FLARE -V-BUTT WELD SYMBO LS

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Fig. 4.16. (continued )

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Fig. 4.17. DE SIGN ATION OF ROOT GAP OF BU TT WELDS

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AS 1101.31987 42

Fig. 4.18. DE SIGN ATION OF PR EP AR ATION AN GLE OF BU TT WELDS

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 43
4.4.2 Flush contour by mechanical means. Butt
welds that are to be made flush by mechanical means
shall be shown by adding both the flush contour
symbol and the required finish symbol to the weld
symbol, in accordance with the location conventions
given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.21, and also
Fig. 4.25 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.21. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CON TOUR BY
ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.4.3 Convex contour by mechanical means. Butt
welds that are to be mechanically finished to a convex
contour shall be shown by adding both the convex
contour symbol and the required finish symbol to the
weld symbol, in accordance with the location
conventions given in Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 4.22, and
also Fig. 4.25(c) and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.22. INDICA TION OF CO NV EX CON TOUR BY
ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
4.5 BACKING RUN OR BACKING WELDS.
4.5.1 General. The backing run or backing weld
symbol shall be used to indicate bead type backing
run or backing welds or single-butt welds (see
Fig. 4.26).
4.5.2 Backing run or backing weld symbol.
Backing runs or backing welds of single-butt welds
shall be shown by placing a backing run or backing
weld symbol on the side of the reference line opposite
the butt weld symbol (see Fig. 4.23, and also
Fig. 4.26).
Fig. 4.23. US E OF BA CK ING RU N OR BA CK ING
WELD SY MB OL
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AS 1101.31987
4.5.3 Surface contour of backing run or backing
welds.
4.5.3.1 Contours obtained by welding. Backing run
or backing welds that are to be welded approximate-
ly flush without recourse to any method of finishing
shall be shown by adding the flush contour symbol
to the backing run or backing weld symbol (see
Fig. 4.24).
Fig 4.24. IND ICATION OF FLUS H CONTOUR
WITHOUT MEC HA NICA L MEAN S
4.5.3.2 Flush contour by mechanical means.
Backing runs or backing welds that are to be made
flush by mechanical means shall be shown by
adding both the flush contour symbol and the
required finish symbol to the backing run or backing
weld symbol (see Fig. 4.27 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.27. INDICA TION OF FLUS H CONTOUR BY
MECH AN ICAL MEAN S
4.5.3.3 Convex contour by mechanical means.
Backing run or backing welds that are to be
mechanically finished to a convex contour shall be
shown by adding both the convex contour symbol
and the required finish symbol to the backing run or
backing weld symbol (see Fig. 4.28 and
Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 4.28. INDICA TION OF CONV EX CONTOUR BY
MECH AN ICAL MEAN S
AS 1101.31987 44

4.6 JOINT WITH BACKING. A joint with backing
shall be shown as a combination of the butt weld
symbol on one side of the reference line and a
rectangle on the opposite side in which shall be
included one of two notations as shown in Fig. 4.29.
4.8 CONVENTION FOR BACK GOUGING
AFTER WELDING ONE SIDE. A second
reference line may be used (see Clause 2.3.17) for
a second operation which cannot be performed until
after the first is completed. Back gouging and
welding as a second operation are thus indicated as
shown in Fig. 4.31.

NOTE: Materi al and dimensions of backing as

specif ied.

Fig. 4.29. JOINT WITH BA CK ING

4.7 JOINT WITH SPACER. A joint with spacer Symbol

shall be shown with the butt weld symbol modified to
show a rectangle within it, and the rectangle shall NOTE: The total design throat thickness not to exceed thickness
include a notation as shown in Fig. 4.30. of member
Fig. 4.31. INDICA TION OF BA CK GOUGING
AFTER WELDING

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 45 AS 1101.31987

(a) Arrow side flush contour symbol

(b) Other side flush contour symbol

(c) Both sides convex contour symbol

Fig. 4.25. AP PLICATION OF FLUS H AN D CONV EX CONTOUR SY MBOLS

TO BU TT WELD SYMBO LS

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AS 1101.31987 46

NOTE: Butt weld made before welding other side

(a) Use of backing run or backing weld symbol to indicate single-run back weld

NOTE: Butt weld made aft er welding other side

(b) Use of backing run or backing weld symbol to indicate single-run backing weld

NOTE: The total design throat thickness cannot be

greater than 25 mm
(c) Back gouging after welding one side

NOTE: The total design throat thickness cannot

be greater than plate thickness T
(d) Use of backing weld with root gap

Fig. 4.26. AP PLICATION OF BA CK ING RUN OR BAC KING WELD SY MBOL

WITH AN D WITHOUT GOUGING

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 47 AS 1101.31987

(a) Spacer in double-bevel- butt joint

(b) Spacer in double-V-butt joint

(c) Spacer in double-bevel-butt joint

NOTE: Materials and dimensions of spacer as specif ied.

Fig. 4.30. JOINTS WITH SPA CE RS

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AS 1101.31987
SECTION 5. SYMBOLS FOR SURFACING
5.1 GENERAL (see Fig. 5.1). The surfacing
symbol shall be used to indicate surfaces built up by
welding for such purposes as the following:
(a) Correcting dimensions.
(b) Transition between dissimilar metals.
(c) Corrosion resistance.
(d) Wear resistance.
5.2 USE OF SURFACING SYMBOL.
5.2.1 Symbol application. Surfaces built up by
welding, whether by single-pass or multiple-pass
surfacing welds, shall be shown by the surfacing
symbol (see Fig. 5.1).
5.2.2 Arrow side significance. The surfacing
symbol does not indicate the welding of a joint and
therefore has no arrow or other side significance. The
symbol shall be drawn beneath the reference line and
the arrow shall point clearly to the surface on which
the weld is to be deposited. (See Fig. 5.1.)
5.2.3 Dimension location. Dimensions used in
conjunction with the surfacing symbol shall be shown
on the same side of the reference line as the weld
symbol (see Fig. 5.1).
5.3 SIZE (THICKNESS) OF SURFACES BUILT
UP BY WELDING.
5.3.1 Minimum thickness. The size of a surface to
be built up by welding shall be indicated by showing
the minimum thickness of the weld deposit to the left
of the weld symbol (see Fig. 5.1(a)).
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5.3.2 Unspecified thickness. Where no specific
thickness of weld deposit is desired, no size
dimension need be shown on the welding symbol.
5.4 EXTENT, LOCATION, AND ORIENTA-
TION OF SURFACES BUILT UP BY
WELDING.
5.4.1 Entire area. Where the entire area of a
plane or curved surface is to be built up by welding,
no dimension other than size (thickness of deposit)
need be shown on the welding symbol (see
Fig. 5.1(c)).
5.4.2 Portion of area. Where a portion of the area
of a plane or curved surface is to be built up by
welding, the extent, location, and orientation of the
area to be built up shall be indicated on the drawing
(see Fig. 5.1(d)).
5.5 SURFACING A WELD FACE. Where it is
desired to show a subsequent surfacing operation
over another weld, the multiple reference line
concept may be used with a fillet weld or butt weld
as the first operation and the surfacing operation the
second (see Fig. 5.2, and also Clause 2.3.17).
Fig. 5.2. SU RFAC ING A WELD FACE
 49 AS 1101.31987

Fig. 5.1. AP PLICATION OF SUR FACING SYMBO L TO INDICA TE SU RFAC ES

BU ILT UP BY WELDING

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AS 1101.31987
SECTION 6. SYMBOLS FOR FLANGE WELDING
6.1 GENERAL. Flange welding symbols shall be
used to indicate joints in light gauge metal involving
the flanging of the edges to be joined.
6.2 EDGE-FLANGE WELDS. Edge-flange welds
shall be shown by the edge-flange weld symbol. (This
symbol has no both sides significance.) (See
Fig. 6.1.)
6.3 CORNER-FLANGE WELDS.
6.3.1 Joint detailed. Where the corner-flange weld is
detailed, this shall be shown by the corner-flange weld
symbol. (This symbol has no both sides significance.)
(See Fig. 6.2.)
6.3.2 Joint not detailed. Where the corner-flange
joint is not detailed, there shall be a break in the
arrow to show which member is flanged (see Fig. 6.3).
Fig. 6.3. CO RN ER -FLANG E JOINT (NO T DE TAILED )
6.4 DIMENSIONS OF FLANGE WELDS.
6.4.1 Location. Dimensions of flange welds shall be
located on the same side of the reference line as the
weld symbol (see Fig. 6.5, and also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.5. LOCA TION OF DIME NS IONS
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6.4.2 Radius and height. The radius and the
height above the point of tangency shall be indicated
by showing both the radius and the height, separated
by a plus sign, and placed to the left of the weld
symbol. The radius and the height shall read in that
order from left to right along the reference line. (See
Fig. 6.6, and also fig. 6.4)
Fig. 6.6. RA DIUS AN D HE IGHT INDICA TION
6.4.3 Weld thickness. The thickness of flange
welds shall be shown by a dimension placed
outward of the flange demensions (see Fig. 6.7, and
also Fig. 6.4).
Fig. 6.7. WELD THICK NE SS IND ICATION
6.4.4 Root opening. The root opening of flange
welds shall not be shown on the welding symbol. If
it is desired to specify the root opening, it shall be
shown on the drawing.
6.5 MULTIPLE-JOINT FLANGE WELDS. For
flange welds, where one or more pieces are inserted
between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for
the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the
number of pieces inserted (see Fig. 6.4(b) and (c)).
 51 AS 1101.31987

Fig. 6.1. AP PLICATION OF EDGE-FLAN GE WELD SY MBOL

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Fig. 6.2. AP PLICATION OF CORNE R-FLAN GE WELD SY MBOL

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 53 AS 1101.31987

Fig. 6.4. AP PLICATION OF EDG E-FLAN GE AND CORNE R-FLAN GE WELD SY MBOLS

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AS 1101.31987 54

SECTION 7. SYMBOLS FOR PLUG WELDING

7.1 GENERAL 7.6 SURFACE CONTOUR OF PLUG WELDS.

7.1.1 Arrow side holes. Holes in the arrow side 7.6.1 Flush welds without finishing. Plug welds
member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated that are to be welded approximately flush without
by placing the weld symbol on the side of the recourse to any method of finishing shall be shown
reference line toward the reader (see Fig. 7.1(a)). by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld
7.1.2 Other side holes. Holes in the other side symbol (see Fig. 7.3).
member of a joint to be plug welded shall be indicated
by placing the weld symbol on the side of the
reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 7.1(b)).
7.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of plug welds shall
be shown on the same side of the reference line as the
weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2).
7.1.4 Fillets in holes. The plug weld symbol shall
not be used to designate fillet welds in holes (see Fig. 7.3. FLUS H CONTOUR WITHOUT
Clause 3.8). MECH AN ICAL MEAN S
7.2 SIZE OF PLUG WELDS. The size of a plug
weld shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol 7.6.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Plug
(see Fig. 7.2(a)). welds that are to be made flush by mechanical
means shall be shown by adding both the flush
7.3 ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK. Included angle contour symbol and the required finish symbol to
of countersink of plug welds shall be shown on the the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
symbol (see Fig. 7.2(b)).
7.4 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise
indicated, the depth of filling of plug welds shall be
complete. Where the depth of filling is less than
complete, it shall be shown inside the weld symbol.
(See Fig. 7.2(c).)
7.5 SPACING OF PLUG WELDS. Pitch (centre-to-
centre) of plug welds shall be shown to the right of
the weld symbol (see Fig. 7.2(d)). Fig. 7.4. FLUS H CONTOUR BY MEC HA NICA L
MEAN S

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Fig. 7.1. AP PLICATION OF PLUG WELD SY MBOL

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AS 1101.31987 56

Fig. 7.2. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO PLUG WELD SY MBOLS

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 57 AS 1101.31987

SECTION 8. SYMBOLS FOR SLOT WELDING

NOTE: This Secti on applies only to slot welds which are
part iall y or completely fi ll ed. For fil let welds in slots, see
Clause 3.8.
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 Arrow side slots. Slots in the arrow side
member of a joint to be slot welded shall be indicated
by placing the weld symbol on the side of the
reference line toward the reader (see Fig. 8.1(a)).
8.1.2 Other side slots. Slots in the other side
member of a joint to be slot welded shall be indicated
by placing the weld symbol on the side of the
reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 8.1(b)).
8.1.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of slot welds shall be
shown on the same side of the reference line as the
weld symbol (see Fig. 8.2).
8.2 DEPTH OF FILLING. Unless otherwise
indicated, the depth of filling of slot welds shall be
complete. Where the depth of filling is less than
complete, the depth of filling shall be shown inside
the weld symbol. (See Fig. 8.2(b).)
8.3 DETAILS OF SLOT WELDS. Length, width,
spacing, included angle of countersink, orientation,
and location of slot welds cannot be shown on the
welding symbol. These data shall be shown on the
drawing or by a detail with a reference thereto on
the welding symbol, in accordance with the location
conventions given in Clause 2.3.1. (See Fig. 8.2.)

Note: See drawing for

dimensions and ori entati on.
(a) Arrow side slot weld symbol

Note: See drawing for

dimensions and ori entati on.
(b) Other side slot weld symbol

Fig. 8.1. AP PLICATION OF SLOT WELD SYMBO L

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AS 1101.31987 58

Fig. 8.2. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO SLOT WELD SYMBO L

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8.4 SURFACE FINISH AND CONTOUR OF
SLOT WELDS.
8.4.1 Flush welds without mechanical means. Slot
welds that are to be welded approximately flush
without recourse to any method of finishing shall be
shown by adding the flush contour symbol to the weld
symbol (see Fig. 8.3).
Fig. 8.3. FLUS H CO NTOU R WITHOU T
ME CH AN ICAL ME AN S
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AS 1101.31987
8.4.2 Flush welds mechanically finished. Slot
welds that are to be made flush by mechanical
means shall be shown by adding both the flush
contour symbol and the required finish symbol to
the weld symbol (see Fig. 8.4 and Clause 2.3.10).
Fig. 8.4. FLUS H CONTOUR WITH
MECH AN ICAL MEAN S
AS 1101.31987 60
SECTION 9. SYMBOLS FOR SPOT WELDING
9.1 GENERAL.
9.1.1 Arrow side significance The spot weld
symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to
the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or
other side significance, depending on the process
used.
9.1.2 Dimension location. Dimensions shall be
shown on the same side of the reference line as the
symbol, or on either side where the symbol is located
astride the reference line and has no arrow side or
other side significance (see Fig. 9.1, and also
Fig. 9.2).
9.1.3 Process reference. The process reference shall
be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol (see
Clause 2.3.4.4).
9.1.4 Projection welds. Where projection welding is
to be employed the spot weld symbol shall be used
with the projection welding process reference in the
tail of the welding symbol. The spot weld symbol
shall be centred above or below (not on) the reference
line to designate in which member the embossment is
placed, in accordance with the location conventions
given in Clause 2.3.1.
Fig. 9.1 DIMEN SION LOCA TION FOR SPO T WELD
Fig. 9.4. INDICA TION OF NU MBER OF SP OT WELDS
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9.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SPOT WELDS.
Spot welds shall be dimensioned by either size or
strength as follows:
(a) Size. The size of spot welds shall be
designated as the diameter of the weld, and
shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol
(see Fig. 9.3(a)).
(b) Strength. The strength of spot welds shall be
designated in Newtons per spot, and shall be
shown to the left of the weld symbol (see
Fig. 9.3(b)).
9.3 SPACING OF SPOT WELDS. The pitch
(centre-to-centre spacing) of spot welds shall be
shown to the right of the weld symbol (see
Fig. 9.3(c)).
9.4 EXTENT OF SPOT WELDING. Where spot
welding extends less than the distance between
abrupt changes in the direction of the welding, or
less than the full length of the joint (see Clause
2.3.8), the extent shall be dimensioned (see
Fig. 9.3(d)).
9.5 NUMBER OF SPOT WELDS. Where a
definite number of spot welds is desired in a certain
joint, the number shall be shown in parentheses
either above or below the weld symbol (see Fig. 9.4,
and also Fig. 9.3(e)).
 61 AS 1101.31987

Fig. 9.2. AP PLICATION OF SPO T WELD SY MBOL

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(a) Diameter of spot weld

(b) Shear strength of spot weld

Fig. 9.3. AP PLICATION OF DIMEN SIONS TO SPO T WELD SY MBOLS

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(d) Extend of spot welding

(e) Specif ied number of spot weld located at random

(f ) Spot weld symbol showing use of combined dimensions

Fig. 9.3. ( continued )

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AS 1101.31987 64

9.6 GROUPED SPOT WELDS. A group of spot
welds may be located on a drawing by intersecting
centrelines, with the arrows pointing to at least one of
the centrelines passing through each weld location
(see Fig. 9.5).
9.7 FLUSH SPOT WELDED JOINTS. Where the
exposed surface of either member of a spot welded
joint is to be flush, that surface shall be indicated by
adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol,
in accordance with the location conventions given in
Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 9.6).
9.8 MULTIPLE-JOINT SPOT WELDS. For spot
welds, where one or more pieces are inserted
between the two outer pieces, the same symbol as
for the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of
the number of pieces inserted.

Fig. 9.5. GROUPE D SPO T WELDS

Fig. 9.6. FLUS H SP OT WELDS

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SECTION 10. SYMBOLS FOR SEAM WELDING
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1 Arrow side significance. The seam weld
symbol, in accordance with its location in relation to
the reference line, may or may not have arrow side or
other side significance, depending on the process
used.
10.1.2 Dimensions. Dimensions shall be shown on
the same side of the reference line as the symbol, or
on either side where the symbol is located astride the
reference line and has no arrow side or other side
significance (see Fig. 10.1, and also Fig. 10.2.)
Fig. 10.1. DIME NS IONING SE AM WELD
10.1.3 Process reference. The process reference
shall be indicated in the tail of the welding symbol.
NOTE: For symbols relati ng to process, see Appendix A.
10.2 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF SEAM WELDS.
Seam welds shall be dimensioned by either size or
strength as follows:
(a) Size. The size of seam welds shall be designated
as the width of the weld expressed in millimetres
and shall be shown to the left of the weld symbol
(see Fig. 10.3(a)).
(b) Strength. The strength of seam welds shall be
designated in Newtons per millimetre and shall be
shown to the left of the weld symbol (see
Fig. 10.3(b)).
10.3 LENGTH OF SEAM WELDS.
10.3.1 Dimension location. The length of seam,
where indicated on welding symbols, shall be shown
to the right of the weld symbol (see Fig. 10.4 and also
Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.4. DIME NS ION LOC ATION FOR SE AM
WELDS
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AS 1101.31987
10.3.2 Abrupt changes. Where a seam weld
extends the full distance between abrupt changes in
the direction of the welding (see Clause 2.3.8), no
length dimension need be shown on the welding
symbol.
10.3.3 Specific lengths. Where a seam weld
extends less than the distance between abrupt
changes in the direction of the welding, or less than
the full length of the joint, the extent shall be
dimensioned (see Fig. 10.5, and also Fig. 10.3(c)).
Fig. 10.5. SP EC IFIC LEN GTH OF SE AM WELD
10.4 DIMENSIONING OF INTERMITTENT
SEAM WELDS.
10.4.1 Pitch distance. The pitch (centre-to-centre
spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be shown
as the distance between centres of the weld
increments.
10.4.2 Dimension location. The pitch (centre-to-
centre spacing) of intermittent seam welds shall be
shown to the right of the length dimension (see
Fig. 10.6, and also Fig. 10.3(a)).
Fig. 10.6. DIMENS ION LOCATION FOR
INTERMITTENT SEA M WELDS
10.5 ORIENTATION OF SEAM WELDS.
10.5.1 Intermittent welds. Unless otherwise
indicated, intermittent seam welds shall be
interpreted as having length and pitch measured
parallel to the axis of the weld (see Fig. 10.3(a)).
10.5.2 Showing orientation. Where the orientation
of seam welds is not as in Clause 10.5.1, a detailed
drawing shall be used to show the weld orientation
(see Fig. 10.7).
AS 1101.31987 66

Fig. 10.7. ORIENTATION OF SEA M WELD

10.6 FLUSH SEAM WELDED JOINTS. Where the
exposed surface of either member of a seam welded
joint is to be flush, that surface shall be indicated by
adding the flush contour symbol to the weld symbol,
in accordance with the location conventions given in
Clause 2.3.1 (see Fig. 10.8).
10.7 MULTIPLE-JOINT SEAM WELDS. For
seam welds, where one or more pieces are inserted
between the two outer pieces, the symbol used for
the two outer pieces shall be used regardless of the
number of pieces inserted.

Fig. 10.8. FLUS H SEA M WELDS

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Fig. 10.2. AP PLICATION OF SE AM WELD SYMBO L

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AS 1101.31987 68

Fig. 10.3. AP PLICATION OF DIMENS IONS TO SE AM WELD SY MBOLS

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 69 AS 1101.31987

SECTION 11. SYMBOLS FOR BRAZED JOINTS

11.1 GENERAL. Application of conventional 11.2 JOINT PREPARATION. If no special joint

welding symbols to brazed joints shall be as illustrated preparation other than cleaning is required, only the
in Fig. 11.1. Figs 11.1(a) to (e) show how joint arrow shall be used with the brazing process
clearances can be indicated. indicated in the tail (see Fig. 11.2).

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(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 11.1. AP PLICATION OF BR AZING SY MBOLS

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(d)

(e)

(f )

(g)

Fig. 11.1 (continued )

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AS 1101.31987 72

Fig. 11.2. BR AZING JOINTS WITH NO SPE CIAL PR EP AR ATION

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 73 AS 1101.31987

SECTION 12. SYMBOLS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE

EXAMINATION

12.1 BASIC SYMBOLS.

12.1.1 Basic examination symbols. Basic non-
destructive examination symbols shall be as follows:
Type of examination Symbol
Acoustic emission AEE
Eddy current EE
Leak LE Fig. 12.3. EX AMINATIONS ON OTHE R SIDE
Magnetic particle ME
Neutron radiographic NRE
Penetrant PE 12.2.2.3 Symbols on both sides. Examinations to be
Proof PRE made on both sides of the part shall be indicated by
Radiographic RE examination symbols on both sides of the reference
Ultrasonic UE line (see Fig. 12.4).
Visual VE

12.1.2 Elements of the examination symbol. The

examination symbol consists of the following
elements:
Reference line
Arrow
Basic examination symbol
Examine-all-around symbol
Number of tests (N) Fig. 12.4. EX AMINATIONS ON BO TH SIDE S
Examination in site
Tail 12.2.2.4 Centred symbols. Where non-destructive
Specification or other reference examination symbols have no arrow or other side
significance, the testing symbols shall be centred on
12.1.3 Standard location of elements. The elements the reference line (see Fig. 12.5).
of an examination symbol shall have standard
locations with respect to each other as shown in
Fig. 12.1.

12.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS.

12.2.1 Location significance of arrow. The arrow
shall connect the reference line to the part to be
examined. The side of the part to which the arrow
points shall be considered the arrow side of the part.
The side opposite the arrow side of the part shall be
considered the other side.
12.2.2 Location of examination symbol.
12.2.2.1 Arrow side location. Examinations to be
made on the arrow side of the part shall be indicated
by the examination symbol on the side of the
reference line towards the reader (see Fig. 12.2).
Fig. 12.5. EX AMINATIONS WITH NO ARR OW OR
OTHE R SIDE SIGNIFICAN CE
12.2.3 Direction of radiation. Where specified ,
the direction of radiation may be shown in
conjunction with the radiographic and neutral
radiographic examination symbols. The direction of
radiation may be indicated by a symbol located on
the drawing at the desired angle (see Fig. 12.6).

Fig. 12.2. EX AM INATIONS ON AR RO W SIDE

12.2.2.2 Other side location. Examinations to be

made on the other side of the part shall be indicated
by the examination symbol on the side of the
reference line away from the reader (see Fig. 12.3).
Fig. 12.6. DIRE CTION OF RAD IATION

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Fig. 12.1. STAND AR D LOCATION OF ELEMEN TS OF NON-DE STRU CTIVE EX AMINATION

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12.2.4 Combination of non-destructive examination
symbols and welding symbols.
12.2.4.1 Welding and non-destructive examination
symbols. Non-destructive examination symbols and
welding symbols may be combined as shown in
Fig. 12.7.
Fig. 12.7. EX AM PLES OF COMBINA TION OF WELD
SY MB OLS AND NO N-DE STRU CTIVE EXA MINA TION
SY MB OLS
12.2.4.2 Non-destructive examination symbols alone.
Non-destructive examination symbols may be
combined as shown in Fig. 12.8.
Fig. 12.8. EX AM PLES OF COMBINA TION OF
SY MB OLS FOR NO N-DE STRU CTIVE EXA MINA TION
ALON E
12.2.4.3 Arrow side significance. Where a non-
destructive examination symbol having no arrow or
other side significance is combined with a symbol
having such significance, the examination symbols
may be combined (see Fig. 12.9).
Fig. 12.9. EX AM PLES OF COMBINA TION OF
SY MB OLS WITH AR RO W SIDE SIGN IFICAN CE AN D
NO AR RO W OR OTHER SIDE SIGN IFICAN CE
12.2.5 Use of references. Specifications or other
references need not be used on examination symbols
where the examination procedure is prescribed
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AS 1101.31987
elsewhere. Where a specification or other reference
is used with an examination symbol, the reference
shall be placed in the tail (see Fig. 12.10).
Fig. 12.10. US E OF RE FERE NC ES
12.3 METHODS OF SPECIFYING EXTENT OF
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION.
12.3.1 Specifying length of section to be
examined.
12.3.1.1 Length shown. To specify examinations of
welds on parts where only the length of a section
need be considered, the length shall be shown to the
right of the basic examination symbol (see
Fig. 12.11).
Fig. 12.11. SH OWING LEN GTH OF SEC TION TO
BE EX AMINED
12.3.1.2 Location shown. To show the exact
location of a section to be examined as well as its
length, dimension lines shall be used (see
Fig. 12.12).
Fig. 12.12. SH OWING LOCATION OF SE CTION
TO BE EXA MINE D
12.3.1.3 Examination of full length. Where the full
length of a part is to be examined, no length
dimension need be shown on the examination
symbol.
12.3.1.4 Partial examination. Where less than the
total length of a weld is to be examined with
locations to be selected by a specified procedure, the
percentage of the length to be examined shall be
indicated (see Fig. 12.13).
Fig. 12.13. PA RTIAL EX AMINATION
AS 1101.31987 76

12.3.2 Specifying number of examinations. To
specify a number of examinations to be taken on a
joint or part at random locations, the number of
desired examinations shall be shown in parentheses
(see Fig. 12.14).
Fig. 12.14. SHO WING NU MB ER OF EX AM INATIONS
symbol indicates that the bore of the flange is to
be subjected to a magnetic particle examination
for a distance of 80 mm from the face, all the
way around. The lower symbol indicates an area
of revolution to be subjected to radiographic
examination where dimensions are not available
on drawing.
The symbols on Fig. 12.17(b) indicate an area of
revolution subject to an internal proof test and
an external eddy current examination. Since no
dimensions are given, the entire length is to be
examined.

12.3.3 Specifying examinations made all around a

joint. To specify examinations to be made all around
a joint, the examine-all-around symbol shall be used
(see Fig. 12.15).

Fig. 12.15. EX AM INE-ALL-AR OU ND

12.3.4 Specifying examination of parts (areas).

Non-destructive examination of parts (areas) shall be (a) Dimensions specifi ed
indicated by one of the following methods:
(a) Plane areas. For non-destructive examination of
an area represented as a plane on the drawing, the
area to be examined shall be enclosed by straight
broken lines having a circle at each change of
direction. The examination symbol specifying the
kind of non-destructive examination shall be used
in connection with these lines as shown in Fig. (b) Dimensions not specif ied
12.16. Where necessary, these enclosures shall be
Fig. 12.17. AR EA S OF RE VO LUTION
located by coordinate dimensions.

12.3.5 Acoustic emission. Acoustic emission is

generally applied to all or a large portion of a
component, such as a pressure vessel or pipe. The
symbol indicates application of AEE to the
component without specific reference to location of
sensors (see Fig. 12.18).

Fig. 12.16. PLAN E ARE AS

(b) Areas of revolution. For non-destructive

examination of areas of revolution, the area shall
be indicated by using the examine-all-around
symbol and appropriate dimensions. On Fig.
12.17(a), the upper
Fig. 12.18. AC OUSTIC EMISSION

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 77 AS 1101.31987

APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS FOR WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES

TABLE A1
DESIGNATION OF WELDING AND ALLIED
PROCESSES BY LETTERS

Welding and all ied process Lett er

designation
Arc welding AW
carbon-arc welding CAW
electr ogas welding EGW
fl ux cored arc welding FCAW
gas metal arc welding GMAW
gas tungsten arc welding GTAW
manual metal arc welding MMAW
plasma arc welding PAW
stud welding SW
submerged arc welding SAW
Brazing B
dip brazing DB
fl ame brazing FLB
furnace brazing FB
induction brazing IB
resistance brazing RB
silver brazing SB
Other welding processes
electr on-beam welding EBW
electr oslag welding ESW
induction welding IW
laser- beam welding LBW
thermit welding TW
oxy-acetylene welding OAW
Resistance welding RW
high fr equency resistance welding HFRW
percussion welding PEW
projecti on welding RPW
resistance seam welding RSEW
resistance spot welding RSW
Soldering S
dip solderi ng DS
furnace solderi ng FS
induction solderi ng IS
ir on soldering INS
resistance soldering RS
Soli d state welding SSW
diff usion welding DFW
explosion welding EXW
forge welding FOW
fr icti on welding FRW
hot pressure welding HPW
roll welding ROW
ultr asonic welding USW
Thermal cutt ing TC
air arc gouging AAG
arc cutti ng AC
carbon-arc cutt ing CAC
fl ame gouging FG
gas metal arc cutti ng GMAC
metal- arc cutti ng MAC
plasma arc cutt ing PAC
electr on-beam cutt ing EBC
laser- beam cutti ng LBC
oxy-fuel gas cutti ng OFC
oxygen-arc cutti ng AOC
Thermal spraying THSP
fl ame spraying FLSP
plasma spraying PSP

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TABLE A2
ALPHABETICAL CROSS-REFERENCE TO
TABLE A1

Lett er Welding and all ied processes

designation
AAG air arc gouging
AC arc cutti ng
AOC oxygen-arc cutti ng
AW arc welding
B brazing
CAC carbon-arc cutt ing
CAW carbon-arc welding
DB dip brazing
DFW diff usion welding
DS dip solderi ng
EBC electr on-beam cutt ing
EBW electr on-beam welding
EGW electr ogas welding
ESW electr oslag welding
EXW explosion welding
FB furnace brazing
FG fl ame gouging
FCAW fl ux cored arc welding
FLB fl ame brazing
FLSP fl ame spraying
FOW forge welding
FRW fr icti on welding
FS furnace solderi ng
GMAC gas metal arc cutti ng
GMAW gas metal arc welding
GTAW gas tungsten arc welding
HFRW high fr equency resistance welding
HPW hot pressure welding
IB induction brazing
INS ir on soldering
IS induction solderi ng
IW induction welding
LBC laser- beam cutti ng
LBW laser- beam welding
MAC metal- arc welding
MMAW manual metal arc welding
OAW oxy-acetylene welding
OFC oxy-fuel gas cutti ng
PAC plasma arc cutt ing
PAW plasma arc welding
PEW percussion welding
PSP plasma spraying
RB resistance brazing
RPW projecti on welding
RS resistance soldering
RSEW resistance seam welding
RSW resistance spot welding
ROW roll welding
RW resistance welding
S soldering
SAW submerged arc welding
SB silver brazing
SSW soli d state welding
SW stud welding
TC thermal cutti ng
THSP thermal spraying
TW thermit welding
USW ultr asonic welding

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APPENDIX B
DESIGN OF STANDARD SYMBOLS

NOTES to Figs B1 to B22:

1. All dimensions in mil li metr es.
2. Unless otherwise specif ied, tolerance shall be 1 mm or 1 as applicable.
3. All radii are minimum.

Fig. B1. REFER EN CE LINE

Fig. B2. SQU AR E-BU TT WELD Fig. B3. BEV EL-BUTT WELD

Fig. B4. J-BUTT WELD Fig. B5. V-BUTT WELD

Fig. B6. FILLET WELD Fig. B7. U-BUTT WELD

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Fig. B22. BA CK ING

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AS 1101.31987 82

APPENDIX C
APPLICATION DRAWING

NOTE: This drawing is ill ustr ative of techniques used and is not intended to be complete. A contact or working
drawing would requir e additi onal views or notes about requir ed welds on opposit e side of girder.

Fig. C1. US E OF WELD SY MBOLS ON STRUC TURA L DR AWING

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