AS 1101.

6—1989

Australian Standard

Graphical symbols for general

engineering

Part 6: Process measurement

control functions and
instrumentation
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/72, Technical Drawing. It
was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 20 February 1989 and
published on 18 August 1989.

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/72:

Association of Computer Aided Design

Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia
Australian Chamber of Commerce
Australian Gas Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Concrete Institute of Australia
Confederation of Australian Industry
Construction and Housing Association, Australia
CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics
Department of Administrative Services
Department of Defence
Department of Property and Services, Vic.
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Institute of Draftsmen, Australia
Institute of Industrial Arts
Institution of Engineers, Australia
Institution of Production Engineers
Public Works Department, N.S.W.
Royal Australian Institute of Architects
Society of Automotive Engineers, Australasia
Telecom Australia
University of Melbourne
University of New South Wales
University of Queensland

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edit ion, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australi an
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editi ons
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australia,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australi an Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 87178.

 AS 1101.6—1989

Australian Standard

Graphical symbols for general

engineering
Part 6: Process measurement
control functions and
instrumentation

First publi shed as AS 1101.6—1989.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 5563 7
AS 1101.6—1989 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Technical

Drawing to provide a universal means of communication between the various interests
involved in the design, manufacture, installation, and operation of measurement and
control equipment used in the process industries.
Requirements within the industries vary considerably and, in recognition of this, this
Standard sets out basic requirements for symbols, directed towards the needs of those
whose prime interest is in basic measurement and control functions.
The Standard is based on ISO 3511/1, Process measurement control functions and
instrumentation Symbolic representation, Part 1: Basic requirements; ISO 3511/2,
Process measurement control functions and instrumentation—Symbolic representation,
Part 2: Extension of basic requirements; and ISO 3511/4, Industrial process
measurement control functions and instrumentation—Symbolic representation, Part 4:
Basic symbols for process computer, interface and shared display/control functions.
Various changes and additions have been incorporated based on Instrument Society of
America Standards and industry practices in Australia. In particular, the flow symbols
specified in ISO 3511/1, ISO 3511/2, and ISO 3511/4 were considered too large for
graphical display.
The symbols are not intended to replace graphical symbols for equipment as specified
in other Australian Standards. This Standard has been developed to stand alone without
the need for significant reference to other Standards and, for this reason, duplicates
some symbols already shown in other Standards in the AS 1101 series.

 Copyri ght STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of Standards are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Australi a publications and soft ware. Except where the
Copyri ght Act all ows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Austr alia may be
reproduced, stored in a retri eval system in any form or transmitt ed by any means without pri or permission in wri ti ng fr om
Standards Australi a. Permission may be conditi onal on an appropriate royalt y payment. Requests for permission and information on
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Standards Australi a wil l permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use
exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia.
Standards Australi a wil l also permit the inclusion of its copyri ght material in computer soft ware programs for no royalt y
payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is fr om the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
 3 AS 1101.6—1989

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ... .... . . . .. .. .. .. 4

1.2 APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .. . ... . . . .. .. .. .. 4
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... .... . . . .. .. . ... 4
1.4 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . ... . . . . .. .. . .. . 4
1.5 SIZE OF SYMBOLS AND DRAWING PRACTICE . ... .. ... .... . . . .. .. .... 5
1.6 ORIENTATION OF SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... .... . . . .. .. . ... 5

SECTION 2. CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS

2.1 IDENTIFYING CODE FOR INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS (TAG NUMBER) . . . . . . 6

2.2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR POWER SUPPLY AND PURGE FLUID SUPPLIES . . . . . 6

SECTION 3. SYMBOLS

TABLE 3.1 TYPES OF LINE AND INSTRUMENT LINE SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

TABLE 3.2 DIRECTION OF FLOW, CROSSINGS AND JUNCTIONS
OF INSTRUMENT SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
TABLE 3.3 POINT OF MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
TABLE 3.4 INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
TABLE 3.5 BASIC SYMBOLS FOR COMPUTER-BASED FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . 12
TABLE 3.6 BASIC SYMBOLS FOR SHARED DISPLAY/CONTROL
FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
TABLE 3.7 INTERLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TABLE 3.8 CORRECTING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TABLE 3.9 BASIC ACTUATING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TABLE 3.10 BASIC ACTUATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
TABLE 3.11 EXAMPLES OF CORRECTING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
TABLE 3.12 FLOW PRIMARY ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
TABLE 3.13 LEVEL INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
TABLE 3.14 PRESSURE REGULATORS, SELF-ACTUATED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
TABLE 3.15 SIGNAL MODIFIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
TABLE 3.16 BINARY LOGIC, ACTION OF BINARY SIGNALS ON
ANALOG SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

SECTION 4. EXAMPLES OF USE

4.1 INDICATING, RECORDING, AND ALARM FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2 BLIND TRANSMITTERS (NEITHER INDICATING NOR RECORDING) . . . . . . . 34
4.3 AUTOMATIC CONTROLLERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.4 INTEGRATING INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.5 MULTIPLE DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.6 MULTIPOINT INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.7 MULTIVARIABLE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.8 RATIO CONTROL INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.9 CASCADE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.10 MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.11 PROGRAM CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.12 TIME-CYCLE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.13 HAND OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.14 SONIC LEVEL ELEMENT AND TRANSMITTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.15 ON-OFF VALVE SYMBOLISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.16 COMPLEX INTERLOCKING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.17 LOOPS WITH COMMON ITEMS GIVEN A SEPARATE LOOP NUMBER . . . . . 46
4.18 COMPLEX CONTROL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.19 MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.20 SHARED DISPLAY/CONTROL EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.21 MOTOR CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
AS 1101.6—1989
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Graphical symbols for general engineering
Part 6: Process measurement control functions and instrumentation
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE. This Standard specifies symbols and an
identifying code system for depicting instruments,
instrumentation systems, process computers and
shared display/control functions in the field of
process measurement and control in the process
industries.
1.2 APPLICATION. The symbols given in this
Standard are intended for adoption by draftpersons
and instrument specialists in the preparation and
interpretation of technical drawings and diagrams for
the purpose of conveying technical information.
The symbols are intentionally limited to identification
on process flow diagrams, piping and instrument
diagrams, etc. and do not provide means of
illustrating specific instruments or parts thereof.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following
documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1100 Technical drawing
1100.101 Part 101: General principles
1100.501 Part 501: Structural engineering drawing
1101 Graphical symbols for general engineering
1101.5 Part 5: Piping, ducting and mechanical
services for buildings
1109 Graphical symbols for process flow dia-
grams for the food industry
1.4 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this
Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.4.1 Actuating element— that part of a correcting
unit which adjusts the correcting element in response
to a signal from the controller.
NOTE: Actuati ng elements are also known as ‘actuators’.
1.4.2 Alarm — a device which is intended to attract
attention to a defined abnormal condition by means of
a discrete audible signal or visible signal, but which
does not itself institute corrective action.
1.4.3 Configurable — indicates the capability of the
system to allow the user to select from prepro-
grammed functions (modular software units) those
which are necessary to accomplish a control strategy
or other complex functions, without the use of
computer language.
1.4.4 Control panel — a panel mounted in a main
plant or control room receiving information from
several plant areas and providing an operator
interface.
1.4.5 Converter — a transducer which responds to an
instrument signal and changes its form.
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4
1.4.6 Correcting element — that part of a correcting
unit which directly adjusts the value of the operating
conditions.
1.4.7 Correcting unit — the unit comprising those
elements (actuating and correcting) which adjust the
operating conditions in response to a signal from the
controller.
1.4.8 Distributed control system (DCS) — a system
for process control purposes which, while being
functionally integrated, consists of subsystems which
may be physically separated and remotely located
from one another. These subsystems are normally
connected by a communication link (e.g. data bus).
1.4.9 Instrument — a device or combination of
devices used directly or indirectly to measure,
display, or control a variable. This term does not
apply to internal components of the instruments,
e.g. resistor or receiver bellows.
1.4.10 Locally mounted instrument — an instrument
that is mounted adjacent to the point of measurement.
1.4.11 Local panel — any panel mounted in the field
(either adjacent to or remote from the point of
measurement).
1.4.12 Loop — a combination of one or more inter-
connected instruments arranged to measure or control
a process variable.
1.4.13 Point of measurement — the point in the
process at which a measurement is or may be made.
1.4.14 Primary element — the element or device
which generates conditions in the measured variable
that may be detected by a sensing element.
NOTE: A pri mary element may also be a sensing element.
1.4.15 Process computer — Programmable device
which operates on-line in real time on primarily
sensing-element-based process data, to perform user
specifiable supervision or control functions (or both).
1.4.16 Programmable — indicates the capability of
the system to accept instructions in computer
language given by the user for performing control
strategies or complex functions.
1.4.17 Remote mounted instrument — an instrument
that is mounted at a distance from the point of
measurement, and may be mounted in either a local
panel or control panel.
1.4.18 Sensing element — the element directly
responsive to the value of the measured variable.
 5 AS 1101.6—1989
1.4.19 S h ared d isp lay/sh ared c o n trol
system — System in which shared functions, such as
display, control, and communication of process data,
are shared in time, i.e. ‘time-shared’ functions. These
functions are generally accomplished by devices
containing preprogrammed algorithms which are
user-accessible, configurable, and connectable to
perform a given control strategy or function.
1.4.20 Tag number — the unique set of identifying
letters and numbers allocated to each functional
element of a loop.
1.4.21 Transducer — an element or device which
receives information in the form of one physical
quantity and converts it to information in the form of
the same or any other physical quantity.
1.4.22 Transmitter — a transducer which responds
to a process variable by means of a sensing element,
and converts it to a standard transmission signal
which is a function only of the measurement.
1.5 SIZE OF SYMBOLS AND DRAWING
PRACTICE. Precise dimension and properties of
graphical symbols are difficult to specify. The
symbols of this Standard have been drawn to a size
convenient for publication and comprehension. The
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size of symbols used will depend on the size and
detail required in the drawing, but the relative
proportions of the symbols should be maintained.
For instruments, computer-based functions, and
shared displays/control functions, one key dimension
should be used to form the symbol, i.e. the same
dimension for the diameter, side, diagonal, or across
the flats for the circle, square, diamond, or hexagon.
The key dimension is chosen to provide adequate
space for the function identifying letters and loop
number to be located within the symbol.
Where it is desirable or necessary to vary the propor-
tions or relative size to give a symbol prominence or
for space limitations or other appropriate reason, the
degree of variation shall be such that the symbol
remains unique and readily recognizable.
Where it is the intention to reduce the size of the
drawing on reproduction, the symbols including
letters etc. shall be enlarged proportionally.
Drawing practices used for linework and lettering
shall comply with AS 1100.101.
1.6 ORIENTATION OF SYMBOLS. Unless other-
wise specified, the orientation of a symbol may be
different from that given in Section 3 without
changing the meaning.
AS 1101.6—1989 6

SECTION 2. CODES AND

ABBREVIATIONS

2.1 IDENTIFYING CODE FOR INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS (TAG NUMBER).

2.1.1 Tag number. The identification of an instrument shall be defined by a letter
and loop number code contained within the instrument function symbol. This code
shall be constructed on the following basis (see Table 2.1):
(a) The first letter shall denote the measured or initiating variable, and shall be in
accordance with Column 2 of Table 2.1, but should be modified, if necessary, by
the addition of a letter in accordance with Column 3 therein.
(b) Succeeding letters shall be in accordance with Column 4 of Table 2.1.
(c) Where there are two or more succeeding letters, they shall be placed one after the
other, in sequence I R C T Q S Z A. The letter I may be omitted for a
self-indicating recorder.
(d) The allocated loop number should be unique and common to other instruments or
instrument devices of the loop.
(e) A suffix may be added to identify replicated devices in the loop.
(f) A prefix may be added to identify plant areas.
2.1.2 Qualifying letters. Where it is required to denote HIGH or LOW, the
qualifying letters H or L may be used in association with the symbol. Other letters may
be used, e.g. for middle.
2.1.3 Position of qualifying letters. Qualifying letters, where used, may be placed
inside the symbol, or outside the symbol and adjacent to it.
2.1.4 Position of function-identifying letters. Function-identifying letters shall be
placed inside the symbol and, for panel-located equipment, above the horizontal line.

2.1.5 Position of loop number. If required, the loop number shall be shown inside
the symbol.
The number shall be below the identifying letters and, for panel-located equipment,
below the horizontal line.

2.2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR POWER SUPPLY AND PURGE FLUID

SUPPLIES. The following abbreviations are suggested to denote the types of power
supply:
AS Air supply
ES Electric supply
GS Gas supply
HS Hydraulic supply
NS Nitrogen supply
SS Steam supply
WS Water supply
These designations may also be applied for purge fluid supplies.
The power supply level may be added to the instrument supply line, e.g. ‘AS 100’
means a l00-kilopascal air supply; ‘ES 24DC’ means a 24-volt direct current supply.

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 7 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 2.1
LETTER CODE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF INSTRUMENT FUNCTION
1 2 3 4
First letter* (measured or Succeeding lett er*
Lett er Modifi er*
init iati ng variable) (display or output function)
A Analysis† — Alarm
B Burner, fl ame — State or status display
C — — Control
D Densit y Diff erence —
E All electri cal vari ables† — Sensing element‡
F Flowrate Rati o —
G Gauging positi on or — Glass
length
H Hand (manually — High (alarm)
init iated) operated
I — — Indicati ng
J — Scan —
K Time or time program — Barr ier
L Level — Low (alarm)
M Moisture or humidit y — User’s choice§
N User’s choice§ — User’s choice§
O User’s choice§ User’s choice§ —
P Pressure or vacuum — Test point connecti on
Q — Integrate or totalize Intergrati ng or summati ng
R Radiation — Recording
S Speed or fr equency — Swit ching
T Temperature — Transmit ti ng
U Mult ivariable — Mult if unction unit
V Vibration — Valve, damper, louvre, actuati ng
element, unspecifi ed corr ecti ng unit
W Weight or force — Well s
X Unclassifi ed vari ables, — Cathode ray tube, etc
e.g. T.V. camera§
Y User’s choice§ — Computing relay, relay
Z — — Emergency or safety acting
* Upper case letters should be used throughout, but, for modif iers alone, lower case letters may be used if
this facil it ates understanding.
† A note shall be added outside the circle to specify the property measured.
‡ Including any integral protecti on of the sensiti ve port ion, e.g. a diaphragm and capil lary system in a
sealed system or mechanical protection of the sensing element.
§ Where a user has a requir ement for measured or init iati ng vari ables to which letters have not been
allocated and are required for repetit ive use on a part icular contr act, the letters allocated to ‘User’ s choice’
may be used provided that they are identif ied or defi ned for a part icular measured or init iati ng vari able
and reserved for that vari able. Where a user has a requirement for a measured or initi ating variable that
may be used either once or to a limit ed extent, the lett er X may be used provided that it is suitably
identi fi ed or defi ned.
The letter U may be used instead of a seri es of fi rst lett ers where a multi plicit y of inputs representi ng
dissimil ar vari ables feed into a single unit .

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AS 1101.6—1989 8

SECTION 3. SYMBOLS
TABLE 3.1
TYPES OF LINE AND INSTRUMENT LINE SYMBOLS

* Does not conform to ISO.

† A typical distance between quali fi ers is 25 mm.

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 9 AS 1101.6—1989

Examples of application:

NOTE: Instr ument symbols are drawn in a thin line.

TABLE 3.2
DIRECTION OF FLOW, CROSSINGS, AND JUNCTIONS OF
INSTRUMENT SIGNALS

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AS 1101.6—1989 10

TABLE 3.3
POINT OF MEASUREMENT

* Does not conform to ISO

TABLE 3.4
INSTRUMENTS

* Does not conform to ISO.

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 11 AS 1101.6—1989

Application:
(a) The diameter of the circle should be approximately 10 mm. (See also Clause 1.5.)
(b) The circle is the basic symbol, but ellipses or elongated circles are acceptable to
accommodate alphanumeric identifications specific to an industry, e.g.

(c) The basic symbol may be extended for use as status indication by adding four
peripheral lines thus —

(d) The letter code specified in Table 2.1 shall be used to designate the instrument
function, e.g. for a pressure indicator:

(e) The particular panel may be identified alongside the symbol by an alphanumeric
identifier or a note located at the lower right sector, e.g.:

(f) Where two or more instrument circles touch, the functions indicated by the letters
in the circles are all incorporated in one enclosure, e.g.

(g) The horizontal lines may be located at any height in the circle.

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AS 1101.6—1989 12

TABLE 3.5
BASIC SYMBOLS FOR COMPUTER-BASED FUNCTIONS
NOTE: It is permissible to use the basic symbol for computer-based functions throughout for any
soft ware-based digital system. This is not intended to preclude the use of the basic symbol for shared
display/control functions (see Table 3.6) if the user considers this to be appropriate.

NOTE: Horizontal li nes may be dashed to show inaccessible to operator functi on.
Application:
(a) The width of the hexagon should be approximately 10 mm between two parallel
sides.
(b) The hexagon is the basic symbol, but elongated hexagons are acceptable to
accommodate alphanumeric identifications specific to an industry, e.g.

(c) The basic symbol is usually applied in conjunction with other basic symbols
showing measured process variables or actuated correcting unit. Symbols which
touch each other imply communication between functions.

(d) For simplification of diagrams, the basic symbol alone may be used.

(e) The letter code specified in Table 2.1 shall be used to denote and identify the
process computer functions, e.g.
Temperature signal to computer with temperature
recording and high alarm by computer normally
accessible to operator at a central panel.

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 13 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 3.6
BASIC SYMBOLS FOR SHARED DISPLAY/CONTROL FUNCTIONS

NOTE: Horizontal li nes may be dashed to show ‘i naccessible to operator functi on’.

Application:
(a) The width of the square and diameter of the circle should be approximately
10 mm.
(b) The symbol is not rotatable.
(c) The square with circle is the basic symbol, but an elongation of the symbol is
acceptable to accommodate identification.

(d) The letter code specified in Table 2.1 shall be used to denote and identify the
shared display/control functions, e.g.

(e) The basic symbol is usually applied in conjunction with other basic symbols
showing measured process variables or actuated correcting unit. Symbols which
touch each other imply communication between functions.

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AS 1101.6—1989 14

(f) For simplification of diagrams, the basic symbol alone may be used.

TABLE 3.7
INTERLOCKS

* Does not conform to ISO.

Application:
The size of the diamond should be approximately 10 mm across the diagonals.

TABLE 3.8
CORRECTING ELEMENTS
NOTE: For corr ecti ng elements other than those shown in this Table, established symbols (e.g. in
AS 1101.5 and AS 1109) may be used.

* Does not conform to ISO.

† This symbol is simplif ied and preferr ed for use in piping and instr umentati on diagrams (P & ID). Symbols
for multi port valves are also shown in AS 1109.

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 15 AS 1101.6—1989

Application:
Valves with three or more ports shall always be drawn showing the through
connections in the de-energized position, e.g.

TABLE 3.9
BASIC ACTUATING ELEMENTS
NOTE: Specifi c types of valve actuators are shown in Table 3.11

* Does not conform to ISO.

Application:
The connection of actuating element symbol to the correcting element symbol is made
by a thin line.

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AS 1101.6—1989 16

TABLE 3.10
BASIC ACTUATORS
NOTE: The symbols shown in this Table shall be used where it is desir ed to show part icular types of
actuators.

* Does not conform to ISO.

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 17 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 3.10 (Cont.)

NOTE: Preferr ed size relati onship of piston and solenoid actuator is 1:2.
* Does not conform to ISO

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AS 1101.6—1989 18

TABLE 3.11
EXAMPLES OF CORRECTING UNITS
NOTE: Response of the actuator to failure of the actuati ng energy may be indicated as shown in this
Table for the parti cular example of a control valve. Valves with three or more ports shall
always be drawn showing the through connecti ons in the de-energized posit ion (see also
Table 3.8).

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 19 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 3.11 (Cont.)

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AS 1101.6—1989 20

TABLE 3.12
FLOW PRIMARY ELEMENTS

* Does not conform to ISO.

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 21 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 3.12 (Cont.)

* Does not conform to ISO.

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AS 1101.6—1989 22

TABLE 3.12 (Cont.)

* Does not conform to ISO

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 23 AS 1101.6—1989

TABLE 3.13
LEVEL INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS
NOTE: The word ‘vessel’ is for descripti ve purposes only and does not form part of the symbols.

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TABLE 3.13 (Cont.)

* Does not conform to ISO.

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TABLE 3.14
PRESSURE REGULATORS, SELF-ACTUATED

* Does not conform to ISO.

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TABLE 3.15
SIGNAL MODIFIERS
NOTES:
1. The signal identi fi ers (a, b, etc) are for descripti ve purposes only and do not form part of the
symbol.
2. The li nes are drawn as electr ic signals, but can also be pneumatic signals.
3. The mathemati cal relationship may be provided at input or output where requir ed. This is of
part icular importance in It ems 3.15.02, 3.15.04, 3.15.07, 3.15.08, 3.15.14, 3.15.15, and 3.15.16.
4. The circles shown below may be replaced by the basic symbol for computer-based or shared
display/control functions where applicable (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6).

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TABLE 3.15 (Cont.)

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TABLE 3.15 (Cont.)

Application:
The letter code specified in Table 2.1 shall be used to designate the signal modifiers,
e.g.

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TABLE 3.15 (Cont.)

Application (cont.):

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TABLE 3.16
BINARY LOGIC, ACTION OF BINARY SIGNALS ON ANALOG SIGNALS
The basic elements are ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘not’, and ‘time lag’ and these shall have circular
symbols.
Where an analog signal is influenced by a binary signal, the result may be that the
analog signal —
(a) retains the last value; or
(b) assumes a predetermined value.
This may occur both in the l-state and in the 0-state of the binary signal.
NOTES:
1. The signal identif iers (a, z, etc) are for descri ptive purposes only and do not form part of the symbol.
B represents a binary signal, a and b are analog signals.
2. The li nes are drawn as electr ic signals, but can also be pneumatic signals.

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TABLE 3.16 (Cont.)

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SECTION 4. EXAMPLES OF USE

4.1 INDICATING, RECORDING, AND ALARM FUNCTIONS.

4.1.1 Flowrate indicator, locally mounted.

4.1.2 Flowrate recorder, locally mounted.

4.1.3 Conductivity recorder, panel-mounted.

4.1.4 Pressure differential recorder, locally mounted.

4.1.5 High pressure alarm, locally mounted.

(Preferred) (Acceptable alternative)

4.1.6 Low pressure alarm, locally mounted.

(Preferred) (Acceptable alternative)

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4.1.7 Level indicator, locally mounted.

NOTE: The symbol ill ustr ates that the level in the part icular vessel is indicated. No inference is to be
drawn as to the nature or positi on of any physical connections to the vessel.

4.1.8 Level indicator, locally mounted, point of measurement inside vessel.

4.1.9 Local low pressure alarm with simultaneous emergency action of correcting
unit.

4.1.10 Pressure signal to computer.

4.1.11 Temperature signal to computer. Temperature signal to computer (input

number 211) with temperature recording and high alarm by computer normally
accessible to the operator.

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4.1.12 Flow recording and control by computer.

4.1.13 Control valve. Control valve actuated and position display (open-shut) on
computer.

4.2 BLIND TRANSMITTERS (NEITHER INDICATING NOR RECORDING).

The symbol for a blind transmitter should be used only where there would otherwise
be ambiguity concerning the nature of the property transmitted (see also examples in
Clause 4.7).

4.3 AUTOMATIC CONTROLLERS.

4.3.1 Flowrate recording controller. Flowrate recording controller adjusting a
diaphragm and spring-operated valve, instrument panel-mounted, valve fails closed.

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4.3.2 Flow recording and indication in control room. Flow indicator in control
room with retransmission to computer for recording and control.

4.3.3 Pressure recording. Pressure recording and control by computer with ‘back-up’
by discrete instruments. When the computer is not controlling communication, the
‘back-up’ instrument assumes control.

4.3.4 Flow recording with access in local and indication in central control
room. Flow recording and control by computer, operator access in local control room,
flow indication in central control room.

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4.4 INTEGRATING INSTRUMENTS. Indication and control of quantity transfer,

e.g. a positive displacement flowmeter with shut-off device. This does not control the
rate. Valve fails closed.

Record and control of flowrate using an orifice plate as primary element with
summation of volume.

4.5 MULTIPLE DISPLAY. Where it is necessary to show that a measured value is

to be displayed in more than one place, the instrument symbol at the point of
measurement may be supplemented by further appropriate symbols, these being
connected as detailed in Table 3.1.

In the more general case where it is important to show multiple measurement and
control functions explicitly, these may be represented by individual instrument and
correcting unit symbols with appropriate connections by thin lines. Examples of this
procedure appear in Clauses 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.
4.6 MULTIPOINT INSTRUMENTS. Where a multipoint instrument is to measure
the same physical property at a number of points, the appropriate instrument symbol
shall be shown at each point of measurement.
NOTE: A numberi ng system is necessary to relate each point of measurement to the part icular mult ipoint
instrument. The system shown in the foll owing example should not be regarded as internationall y
recommended, but has been included to indicate one possible method of numberi ng.

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4.7 MULTIVARIABLE DATA.

4.7.1 General. Where a single instrument, e.g. a 3-pen recorder or a data logger, is
to measure a number of different physical properties, it may be included in the diagram
in either of two ways.
For a simple system, the symbol may be connected to all individual instrument or
measurement symbols.

In a more complicated installation or one which does not lend itself to such a layout,
the symbol for the multivariable data receiving device may be repeated at each
associated instrument symbol. With this type of presentation, explanatory notes, which
may or may not be on the flow sheet, are essential, e.g. PRC in the following diagram
denotes an instrument which does not have a transmitting function:

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4.7.2 Automatic scanning. Where the data logger has automatic scanning facilities,
this may be shown as follows (two examples):

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4.8 RATIO CONTROL INSTRUMENTS. A controller holding a constant ratio

between two flowrates both recorded. The ratio is remotely manually pneumatically
set. Orifice plate primary elements and pneumatic transmitters are used. The valve is
diaphragm and spring-operated.

4.9 CASCADE CONTROL.

4.9.1 Temperature cascade control of flow. Where one controller provides the
command signal to one or more other controllers.

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4.9.2 Cascade control and indication of temperature. Cascade control and

indication and recording of temperature by computer with ‘back-up’ control and
indication with common process connections.
NOTE: It is implied that there is a connecti on between the ‘back-up’ instruments so that, when the
computer is not controll ing, the output of TIC 260 sets the set point of TIC 261 whose output drives the
control valve.

4.9.3 Indication and cascade control of flow level. Indication and cascade control
of level to flow by computer, with connected ‘back-up’ control and indication. When
the computer is not controlling, the ‘back-up’ controllers assume control in a manner
similar to the examples in Clauses 4.3.3 and 4.9.2.

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4.10 MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS. Where a combining device

symbolized, for example, by UC, UIC, URC, receives signals from two or more
instruments and selects from these or combines them to operate one or more correcting
units, the assembly of the symbols may be arranged in either of two ways.
NOTE: In complex systems, explanatory notes on the fl ow sheet are usuall y necessary.
For a simple installation, the combining device symbol may be connected to other
instrument symbols.

In a more complicated installation or one which does not lend itself to such a layout,
the symbol for the combining controller may be repeated at each instrument and
correcting unit symbol. With this type of presentation, explanatory notes, which may
or may not be on the flow sheet, are essential.

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4.11 PROGRAM CONTROL. For example, flowrate recorder-controller whose set

value is automatically adjusted to a predetermined program in time.

4.12 TIME-CYCLE OPERATION. For example, three valves automatically actuated

according to a predetermined program in time, two valves being actuated
simultaneously.

4.13 HAND OPERATION.

4.13.1 Remote adjustment of the set value of a controller.

4.13.2 Local (indirect) adjustment of a correcting unit.

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4.13.3 Automatic actuating element with integral manual actuating element.

4.14 SONIC LEVEL ELEMENT AND TRANSMITTER.

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4.15 ON-OFF VALVE SYMBOLISM.

Example 1.

In the de-energized condition, the solenoid valve vents the piston actuator to
atmosphere.
NOTE: The use of continuati on boxes as shown is an example of interfacing drawings. In this example,
the drawing is continued on zone number A4, drawing number 001-100.
Example 2.
Use of words to clarify function intent.

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4.16 COMPLEX INTERLOCKING SYSTEMS.

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4.17 LOOPS WITH COMMON ITEMS GIVEN A SEPARATE LOOP NUMBER.

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4.18 COMPLEX CONTROL SYSTEM. A complex control system using selection

of pressure or level as the mode of control, controlling phased control valves with
interlocking for and testing of shutdown systems.
NOTE: For details on conti nuation boxes, refer to Note to Clause 4.15.

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4.19 MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS.

4.19.1 Multiple dual connection level instruments.

4.19.2 Displacer type level transmitter with an integral controller.

4.19.3 Overlapping level instruments for long range or multiphase application.

4.19.4 Flow instruments operating from the same primary element but having
separate connection.

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4.19.5 Differential type flow instruments operating from the same primary
element and the same connections.

4.19.6 Flow, pressure, and temperature instruments in the same enclosure.

4.19.7 Flow and pressure instruments in separate enclosures operating from the
same connections.

4.19.8 Separate pressure instruments operating from a single connection.

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4.20 SHARED DISPLAY/CONTROL EXAMPLES.

4.20.1 Flow recording on shared display.

4.20.2 Shared pressure control. Shared control and recording of pressure, e.g. by
distributed control system (DCS) with pressure recording by a discrete instrument in
control room.

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4.20.3 Cascade control.

Instrumentation and functions:

LIC-106 DCS control (master, soft wired to slave)
LSL-107 Discrete low-level alarm switch giving alarm not duplicated in DCS
LSLL-107 Discrete low-level alarm switch giving alarm (not duplicated in DCS) and
tripping FV-101
FRC-101 DCS recording control (slave of LIC-106)
TAH-llO Hard-wired high temperature alarm with its own annunciator and
duplicated in DCS
HS-103 Hard-wired local manual reset

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4.21 MOTOR CONTROL. Pump driven by a variable speed motor shown.

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