1

I K

D]-\n-j-p-I

kam-l-cn-Xv
hn. _me-Ir-jvW
&
tUm. B. eoem-tZhn
Fw.-F. (a-e.), Fw.-F. (kw-kvIr-Xw)
]n. Fv. Un. (Cw-o-jv)

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 2

I K

108 UPANISHATHUKAL
(Malayalam)

Compiled by: V. Balakrishnan and Dr. R. Leeladevi

108 UPANISHATHUKAL by V Balakrishnan and R Leeladevi is licensed under

a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

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 3

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1 D]-\n-j-p-I 3

D]-\n-j- p-I thZ--fpsS Ah-km-\a - mWv AXp- {]mNo-\--fm-W.v AtX kabw tIt\m-]-\n-j-nse 113
sImv thZm--kw \In-bn-cn-p-p. D]-\n-j-p- a{-fpw _rl-Zm-cW - yI-nse 8 apX 21 hsc a{-
I AkvXn-hm-c-am-Wv. `mc-X - n ]no-Sp-mb XXz- fpw D]-\n-j - p-I Otm-_--ambn amdp kw{I-a-
im-kv{X-fpw aX-fpw AXns\ B{i-bnp \np-p. W- Im- e-p-m-b- h-bm-Wv. Ah ]noSp tN-Xm-sWp
D]-\n-j - p-If
- nse Imhy-{]-Xn-`bvpw Db BZi- tXmpw. ItTm-]-\n-jv ]no-Sp-m-b-XmWv. AXn
pw thZ-kq---fnepw I-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw XXz- kmwJy-X-Xz- fpw tbmKknm- -fpw \app ImWm
hn-Nm-c-t-m A[n-I-ambn aX-s- - nbpw Im-\p- Ign-bpw. AXn ap-]\ - n-j-p-If - n\npw `K-hZ- vKo-X-
jvTm-\--sf--n-bp-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-np--Xv. D]-\n-j-p- bn\npw [mcmfw Dc-W--fp-v. {]tXyI am--
I-fn-e m-Is kwln-X -I -fnse ]pcm-W -I -Y -I -s f-m-fpw, fns] D]-\n-j-p-Iv app D]-\n-j-p-I-fn
{_m-W--fnse AXn-kq-a v
- -fmb X-hn-X-- amqIyw Ghpw \ho-\a - m-Wv. AY-th-Zo-b--fmb
sf-m-fpw, Bc-Wy-I--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn tZhXm imkv{X- D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw ]no-Sp-m-b-h-bm-Wv. ssa{Xm-bWn D]-
t-mfpw Db hnNm-c - ImWmw. D]-\n-j-p-I- \n-j -n kmwJy-Zi-\-n-tebpw tbmK-Zi-\ -n-
fpsS eyw {][m-\-ambn Pnm-kp--fmb a\p-jym-m- tebpw XXz- ImWmw. hnhn-[--fmb Zmi-\n-I-kn-
v imnbpw kzX{yhpw \Ip-Ib - m-Wv. B[ym- m-- Xgp hfp-h-cp Ime-mWv tiXm-iz-
nI {]iv\-p ]co--Wm--Ia - mb ]cn-lmcw tcm-]\n-jns cN-\. k\m-X\ Zmi-\n-I-{K---fpsS
tNmtZym--c-cq-] - nepw hmZ-{]-Xn-]m-Za- mbpw \In-bn-cn- ]mcn-`m-jn-I -i-_vZ- Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. F-Xn\p
p-p. Ah ]c-ak - -Xy-ns icn-bmb kz`mhw {Kln- kmyw hln-p [mcmfw k`- CXn ImWmw.
bvm thn am\h a\-n-\p-m-Ip hy{K-X-tb-bpw- Ah-bnse {]m[m-\k - n-m--tfbpw CXn hni-Zo-Ic - n-
AXp t\Smthn sNp ITn\ ]cn-{i-a-tbpw {]I- n-p-v. BkvXn-Iy-ho--W - n-eqsS thZm-w, kmwJyw,
S-am-p-p. D]-\n-j - p-I {Ia-_-a - mb Hcp XXz-im- tbmKw Cu aqp Zi-\ - -fp-tSbpw ka-\zbw km[n-
kv{X-ns cq]-n-ep--h-b; Ah-sbmw Hscm {K- emWv Cu D]-\n-j - n-s Bi-b-sap tXmpw. BZy-
Im-cs IrXn-I-f - . Ah-bpsS \nm-WI - m-ehpw H-. Im-es KZym-- I-amb D]-\n-j-p-I- fn IqSp-X hnip-
-I]-\I - -fm-Wp--X.v ]nm-es D]-\n-j-p-I-fn-
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS kwJybpw cN-\m-Im-ehpw em-Is aX-]-c-amb ]qPm-\p-jvTm-\-fpw `n-`m-h-\bpw
D]-\n-j - p-If
- n s]mXp-hn 108 BsWp IW- Dsm- n-n-cnp-p. D]-\n-j-p- I-fnse Zmi-\n-I-X-
m-n-h-cp-p. Ah-bn im-c-`m-jy-ap ]s--amWv Xz-sf {]Xn-]m- Znm _u-Im- e- n\p tij- ap D]-
apJyw. Ch Ghpw {]mam-Wn-I-fpw ]pcm-X\ - - -fp-am- \n-j-p-I-tfbpw kzoI-cn-mw. \psS Dtiyw km[n-
Wv. Ah-bpsS \nm-W-Im-ea - n-s
- Xp IrXy-ambn ]d- m-s\-Sp-p D]-\n-j - p-I OmtmKyw, _rl-Zm-c-
bm \app Ign-bn-. Ah-bn Ghpw ]g-a - p-Xp WyIw, ssX-ncobw, sFX-tcbw, Iujo-X-In, tI\w
_u-Im-e-n\pw app-m-b-XmWv; NneXv _p-\p-ti- Fn-h-bm-Wv. Cutim-]-\n-jpw amq-Iyhpw AXn\p
jhpw Ah cNn-Xv thZ-kq---fpsS \nmWw kam- tijta hcp-pp.
]n-X- n-\p-ti-jhpw _p-aX-ns Bhn`m-h-n\p D]-\n-j-p-I c-Nn alm-m-cmb Nn-I - m-cpsS
app CS-m-ev AXm-bXv {In. ap. Bdmw \qmamn- Ncn{Xw AXm-Xv B-fp-I-fpsS {][m-\-amb kw`m-h-\I - sf
ep-am-sWp hcmw. BZn-tam-]-\n-j - p-I-fpsS \nm-W- hn-p-sIm-s-gp-Xp ]w I]nX\m-a--sfm-gn-
Imew {In. ap. 1000--amp apX _n. kn. 300--am-p-h-sc- m, alo-Zm-k, sFX-tc-b, sscIz, imWvUn-ey,
bm-s Wv IW-m--s-n-cnp-p. im-c-`mjyap kXy-Im-aPm-_m-e, ssPh-en, Dm-e-I, tizX tIXp,
]pXnb D]-\n-j - p-I _p\p tijw cNn-h - b- m-Wv. `c-Zzm-P, KmKym-b-W, {]X-\, _mem-In, APmX
Ah-bpsS Imew {In. ap. kpam \m\qtdm aqtdm BWv. i{Xp, hcp-W, bm-hIy, Kmn, ssat{Xbn
{]mNo-\--fmb D]-\n-j-p-I KZy-n-em-W.v Chbvv Fo t]cp-I ap]-n-bn hcpw.
{]tXyI am-tfm k{-Zm-b-tfm C. sFX-tc-bw,
Iujo-XI - n, ssXncobw, Omtm-Kyw, _rl-Zm-c-WyIw D]-\ n-j-p-I-fn N
Chbvp ]pdta "tI\' D]-\n-j-nse Ip-dp `mK-fpw D]-\n- j-p-I-fnse apJy- {]- Xn- ]mZyw Zi-\-im-kv{X-n-

N P

I s ASn-m-\-{]iv\w Xs-bmWv; kXyw GXm-sW
At\z-jWw Xs. hkvXp--tfmSpw Ah-bpsS KuW-
Im-c-W - -tfm-Sp-ap AXr]vXn Nne tNmZy--fp--bn-p-
p. tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]\ - n-j-ns Bcw-`-n \mw Ah
ImWp-p-v. ""\mw Fhn-sS-\n-p-m-bn. \mw FhnsS Pohn-
p-p. \mw FhnsS t]mIp-p. Atbm {_-th-Zn-Itf
BcpsS imk-\-nIo- gn \man-hnsS kpJ-Zpx-J-- fpsS
_-nsp Ign-bp-p. Imetam {]Ir-Xntbm Bh-
iy-IX- tbm bZr-tbm A `qX-tfm Bbn-cnptam
ImcWw? AYhm ]pcp-j Fp ]d-b-s-Sp ]c-{_w
Xs-bm-bn-cnptam?'' tIt\m]-\n-jn injy tNmZn-
pp: ""BcpsS C-bpsS t{]c-Ws - Im-mWv a\v
Xm\m-{K-lnp ey-n-tep sNp--Xv. BcpsS
B-bm-emWv Hm-as {]mW-\n-izmkw ]pd-p-h-
Xv! BcpsS B-bm-emWv \mw Cu hmp ]d-bp-
Xv? In\pw ImXn\pw t{]cW \Ip tZh-t\-
XmWv?'' Nn- I-m kmam-\y-_p-n- I sNp--Xp- t]mse
C{n-bm-\p-`-hs Hc-hym-tJy-b-X-Xz-ambn KWn-n-. C{n-
b- sIms--cp m\s XnIpw icn-bm-sW-
p-d-np kzoI-cn-mtam a\-ns in-Ip kzX-
{-amb k-bptm AtXm ]nn \np IqSp-
X in-bp GXn-t-sb-nepw Imcy-f - mtWm a\-
n-t-Xm-bn-m-Wp Ign-hp-I? Imcy-fpw P\y--fp-
amb `uXn-I] - Z- m--sf, Ah-bpsS Xm-e-kz-cq-]-
ns, Ah-bpsS Imc-W-s-tmse XnIpw
bYm-am-sWp \app Icp-Xm Ign-bp-s - X-s\?
Ch-bvs-m-nepw ]nn-embn kzbw-`q-hmb Hcp ]c-a-k-
-bp-m-bn-cn-Ww. AXp a\-n\pw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-pw,
m\w, a\-v, C{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS hnj-b-fpw
Fmw ]cn-an-X-fpw {]Xn-_-a - p--hb- p-amWv. [mn-
I-Im-cy--fn ]cn-anXw sImp bYmamb B\w
t\Sm Ign-bn-sp \ap--\p-`-h-ap--Xm-Wv. kmwkm-cn-
I-kp-J -t`m-K- -W n-I--fm-Wv. Ah hmIyw
sImpw ac-Ww-sImpw \inp--hb - m-W.v aXm-\p-jT
\--fn A-b-Po-hn-X - n\p thn apd-hnfn Iqp-p.
CsXmw IqSn-t Ime-hym-]vXn-bn-m Hcp k-
bp-sp hniz-knm \s \n--cm-p-p. AXv
Hcp Bym-n-I-k--bmWv; Zi\imkv{X-- fpsS At\z-
j-Wh - n-j-b-amWv; \psS Fm C-It- fbpw ]q-am-
p-Xpw aX-ns ey-hp-am-Wv. D]-\n-jZv{ZjvSm-
Fp \np-Xpw (k) ]q kXyhpw (Nn) hnip-
-amb B\-hpw (B-\-w) Bb Cu ]c-a-k--bn-
tebvv \s ASp-nm {ian-p-p. Hmtcm am\-h-
lr- Z - b - n- t bpw {]m- \ - b mWv : ""Fs Ak-
n\np k-bn-tep \bnq; Xa-n\np {]Im-
i- n-tep \bnq; arXyp-hn \np Aa-c-X z-n-
tebvp \bnq.''
bYm kXypsS kzcq]w
]c-a-k-Xy-ns kzcq-]-\n-b-n-\mbn D]-\n-j
Im- sshZnI Ejn-am-cpsS hkvXp-\njvS-amb (A-
\m-w) hoWtmSp Bo- b-hn-- Ws tNm
{ian-p. thZ-kq---fn ]n-X-amb DX [mcW
GI-k (GIw k)-sb-kw-_ - n-p--Xm-Wv. AXv
N P
4
Fm-hn[w k-If - nepw kzbw {]I-S-hp-ambncpp. Cu K
\njvj-n\v D]-\n-j-p-I _ew \In. Ah-bn
Nnte-S v Ah Bm-s hp hnfnp "Alw'
XXzs Zmi- \n-I-ho--W-tmsS hntjWw sNbvXp-
sIm- mWv Cu {]iv\s kao-]n-n-p--X.v Omtm-tKym-
]-\n-j-n Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb {]Pm-]-Xnbpw C{\pw
Xn \S-p Hcp kw`m-j-W -n Bm-h ns\
kw_-n-p hymJym-\ - n Bm-hns\ (1) imco-cn-
Im-m-h,v (2) C{n-b-Ka - y-\mb Bm-hv, (3) A\p-`-hm-Xo-
X-\mb Bm-hv (Kp-]vXm-m-) , (4) ]c-am-m Fn-s\
\membn hn`-Pn-n-cn-p-p. AhnsS hnai\ hnj-b-amb
{]iv\w a\x-im-kvX] - -c-am-sWp ]d-p-Iq-Sm. AXv IqSp-
X B[ym-n-I-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\nse Bm-hns AYhm
a\p-jy-\nse apJy-k--bpsS kzcq-]-sa-mWv? N-bm-
cw-`n-p- -sImv {]Pm-]Xn Nne kmam\y e-W-sf hnh-
cn-p-p. ""Bmhv ]m]-ap-\ - mWv; hrmh-b n-m-
-h-\mWv; ac-Whpw ZpxJ-hp-an-m--h-\mWv; hnipw
Zml-hp-an-m--h\ - m-Wv. Cn-t--sX-s-sm- gnv ap
k- ]- fn- m- -h -\ m- W v. At- l -s bmWv \mw
kYm a\-n-em-m {ian-t-X - v.'' AXv Fm-]c - n-
h-\--fnepw amdmsX XpSp \np Im-
hmWv; AXv Pm{Kv, kz]v\ w, kpjp-] vX n, ac-Ww,
]p\-w, BXy-n-Ia - pn Cu Zi-I-fn-semw kmam-
\y-LS- -Ia - mbn \ne-sIm-p At`-Zy-amb Hcw-Ka - m-Wv.
Hcnepw \in-n-m Ign-bm Hcp kc-f-k-Xy-am-W-
Xv. acWw AXns\ kv]in-p-n- . Hcp Zphn-Im- c-n\pw
AXns\ hne-bn-n-m Ign-bn-. nc-X, XpS, GI-
X, \nXy-{In-bm-io-eX Fnh AXns hntij e-
W--fm-W.v kzbw-]q-amb Hcp temI-am-W-X.v AXn\p
]pd-smcp hkvXphpw AXn-s-Xnsc \nm-\n-. Cu
{]{In-bmsI N{I-It- Zmjw _m[n-n-p-sp ]dv
\ho-\-hn-ai-I-m FXnpw. Fm kzbw-]-cym-]vX-
Xbpw kzbw-]q-Xbpw {]tXyI e-Wa - mbn kzoI-cn-
v m- p-Ig- n-m AXn\p kam-[m-\-hp-am-bn. Cn-s\-sbmcp
{]{Inb kzoI-cnp-X - n {]tXy-Iw- D-t-iy-ap-sp
\app aptmp t]mIp-tm- ImWmw. a\p-j ys
Bmhv kzbw Im-hm-sW-pw, AXn-\v Hcnepw
kmy-hn-j-b-am-Im Ign-bn-spw {]Pm-]Xn hy-am-
p-p. AXv {ZjvSm-hmb ]pcp-j-\mWv Zriy hnj-b-a - .
AXv "Fs' Fp ]d-bm-hp hnj-b-amb KpW-kw-Lm-
X-a; Cu KpW--sf-sbmw ]cn-tim-[n-p-sImv Fm-
n\pw ]nn AIv kmn-bmbn \np "kzbw
hnjbamb "Rm' BWv. icn-bmb A-n AXv
hnjbnbmb mXm-hmWv; Hcn-e - p-aXv hnj-b-am-Im
h. Bm-hns LS-I- an-hmdpw km[m-cW \ne-
bn hnj-b--fpsS Iq-n s]t-mw. \ymb-hmZw
AwKo-Ic - np [mc-W, hnj-b-am-Ip--sXmw Xs
A\m--tIm-Sn-bn s]Sp-sa-m-Wv. \psS bYmm
mhn-t\mSv sshPm-Xy-apXpw AXn\nv `n-hp-amb
Fm- n-t \bpw \mw ths]-S pn AI- -Ww. BZyw
\Inb Dcw P\n-p-Xpw hf-cp-Xpw Pon-p-
Xpw acn-p-- Xp-amb ico- c-amWv bYm-amb Bmhv
Fm-bn-cp-p. {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-n \mw asm-
 5

I cm-fpsS Ip-I-fn t\mp-tm ImWp AYhm sh- kzX-{-\m-bn-cnp-Ibpw thWw. Ime-n-tbpw P\-\- K
ntem Im-Sn-bntem ImWp "hyn'bmWv Bm- n-tbpw ]cn-[n-Isf B{i-bnp \np "Alw' Hcn-
hv. Nn{X-n Xe-ap-Snbpw \Jhpw IqSn ImWp-p-tm epw \nXy-am-sWp ]d-bm-\m-hn-. {]mtZ-in-Ihpw `uXn-
Fv kqNn-n-p-bp-ap-m-bn. AXpsImv CXm-m-h- I-hp-amb ]cn-n-Xn-I-fn _n-p-\np "Alw'
sp a\-n-em-m-\mbn {]Pm-]Xn C{-t\mSv ""Av Hcp Ime-kr-jvSn-bm-Wv. AXv kwkm-c-tem-I-nse Hcp-
tZlw \-h w Ae- -cnv \ hkv{X- [cnv Dg-m-c-\m-Wv. AXv X\n-mbn A]q-km-a-{K-ln-
shntem Im-Sn-bntem t\mpI Fp ]d-p. IsImv A]q-amb Hcp temIs \nn-p-p.
C{ Xs-tmse Hcp hynsb \ hkv{X- AXv A\-iz-ca - ; AXn\v AXn-cn-m kzmX-{-hp-an-
[cnv Ae--cnv kp-c-cq-]-n ImWp-p. C{\v Hcp . \apv Fm-hn[w A\p-`-h-pw B[m-chpw hml-
kwi-b-ap-Zn-p-p. ""icocw Ae--cn-n-cn-p-tm sh- \-hp-amb Hcp hnjbn AYhm Hc-Xn-hym-]-Ia - mb k
ntem Im-Sn-bntem ImWp Bmhv \mbn Ae- Bh-iy-ap- -v. kz]v\m-h--bn-tebpw PmK-cn-Xm-h - -bn-
-cnp ImWpp; ico-c-n \- hkv{Xw [cn-m tebpw A\p-`-h - . tIhew AXns A]q-amb
AXpw \ hkv{Xw [cn-p-Im-Wp-p. icocw \hw A`n-hyn am{X-am-bn-cn-Ww. hnhn[ Zi-If - psS {]hm-
ipNnbpw kp-ch - p-am-bn-cp- m B Bmhpw ipNn- l-n\v kzbw \ne-\n-m Ign-bp-Ib - n-. sF{n-bm-
bmbpw kp-c-ambpw ImW-s-Sp-p. Atm icocw Ip- \p-`-h--tf-evp Bmhv kzm[n-Im-c - n \nXy-\-
s]mn-b-Xm-sW-n AXpw A-am-bn-cnpw. icocw apS- . C{ {]Pm-]X - nsb kao-]nv Xs a\x-nXn hnh-
m-sW-n B \ng-en-p Bmhpw apS-m-Ipw, ico- cn-bv p-p. Ipsd-mew Ign-Xn-\p-tijw {]Pm-]Xn
c-n\v h AwK-`w-Kh - p-ap-s-n B Bm-hn\pw C{-\p-]-tZiw \Ip-p. ""a\p-jy Ddn ]q-hn-{iaw
AwK-` wKw ImWpw. HSp-h n icocw \in- m B sImp- Ibpw kz]v\-sampw ImWm-Xn- cn- p- Ibpw sNp
Bmhpw \inpw. CXn-semcp sahpw Rm ImWp- Ah--bmWv Bm-hv.'' {]Pm-]-Xnbvv C{s _pn-
n-.'' C{ Xs Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n-p-p. Ipsd Ign- app a\-n-em-bn. Bm-hns\ hn`n-m-h - -I-fpsS AWn-
Xn-\p-tijw Kpcp C{-t\m-Sp-]t- Z-in-p-p. ""kz]v\- I-fn-te-bvn-dn Npcp-n-qSm; An-s\-bm-bm \nXy-
n kpJ- k-mcw sNp- -XmWv Bm-hv.'' bYmm- \mb Hc-lw-X-z-ns Bh-iyta Cm-Xm-Ipw. Bm-
mhv Fm-hn[w Ipd-hp-Ipw IjvSm-\p-`-h - pw hns\ X-fpsS BI-kvan-Ia - mb A\p-`-h-a--e - n\v
]m{X-am-Ip-- i-co-c-a-. AsXmcp `uXn-Ia - mb Zriy-Imcy- A[o-\-am-tnbpw hcpw. A\p-`-h- tKm-N-c--fmb _mly-
am-Wv. ssNX-\y-n\p hnl-cn-m-\p Hcp-]-I-c-W-amWv hn-j-b-v A\p-`h - -hn-j-b--fm-bn-o-cm \nXy-\mb
ico-cw. ssNX-\y-am-Is ico-c-n\n-p-f-hm-b-Xp-a-. Hcp hnjbn (B-m) thW-sav C{s\ ]Tn-n-bvt-
]noSp C{-t\mSp kz]v\w ImWp hnjbn(Im)- -Xp-v. Ben-ns Ap-X{- ]-] - -s--n-bp IY-
bm-Wv. Bmhv Fp ]dbpp. ]s C{\v hopw I-sfm-gnv as-m-bn-Spw Cfn-p-Imn ipWvTn-sb-Sp-n-
kwibamIpp. ""icn-bm-Wv, ico-c-ns Iphpw Ipdhpw bvm Hcp ]q-th-Ww. Fm Hcp ]q-sb-tmgpw
Bm-hns\ _m[n-p-n-. ico-c-n--Sn-sIm-p-tm Cfn-p-Im-n- sm-t-Wsapan-. AXp-t]mse hnj- b-n-
Bm-hn-\Xp Xp-n-. icocw apS-m-bmepw Bm-hn\v s-tmgpw hnj-bnsb B{i-bn-t-\n-evm Ign-bq.
apS-p-m-Ip-n-. Fmepw B tZmj- ]nXp-Sp Fm hnj- bn-bvm- Is AtX hn[-n hnj-b-ns
Abmsf kz]v\ - n sNv _m[n-mtem? B Bm- B{ibw Bh-iy-an-. {]Pm-]Xn Cmcyw C{s\ [cn-
hn\v ZpxJ-ns IjvSm-\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p-v. Ip-\o n-bvm-\p-t-in-p. Bm-hn-s\-q-SmsX m\-an-. Ie-
hogvpp; ZpxJm-\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p. CXp-sImpw Rm bn-, [m-N-c-W-hp-an-. Bm-hn-t\mSp _-s-Sm
sa-sampw ImWp-n-.'' kz]v\ - ico-c-n\nv hnj-b- AkXv BIp-p. hnj-bn-bpsS k Fm
IqSp-X kzX-{--fm-b-Xp-sImv kz`m-hn-I-ambn {]mam- hnj-b--fp-tSbpw kbvv B[m-c-am-Ip-p. Fm
Wn-I-am-sWp Icp-Xn-bmWv {]Pm-]Xn ap am\-kn-Im-\p- kzbw hnj-bn-bm-Is B tb-hn-jb - --fpsS Iq-
`-h-p ]Icw kz]v\m-h--Isf FSpp ]d-Xv. nsp \nevIp--Xp-an-. {]Pm-]Xn Fm A\p-`-h-
Bmhv kz]v\m-h-I - -fn IpSp-msX Xb--sam-p- -fp-tSbpw mXmhv Bm-hp-X-s-bm-sWv C{s\
an-msX k-cn-p-sIm-n-cnpw Fm-W-\p-am-\n-s- a\-n-em-m {ian-bvp-p. AXn\v C{s\ Al-\m-
Sp--Xv. a\pw kz]v\m-h-I - -fn ico-c-n\v t\cn-Sp m thn Aaq-]-Xn AXn\v AXns kz-
kw`-h-- tfmSp _-an-msX kzX-{-ambn Anv Ae- amb Nne tZmj--fp- s-nepw {]tbm-Kn-bvp-p. \psS
bp-p. Cu A`n-{]mbw XpS-bmbn hfp-h-cp-, A\p- PohnXw kZm ]Zm--fp-ambn CS-s]v XnSp-n--
Ww amdn amdn hcp-, am\-kn-Im-\p-`-h--tfbpw Bm- gn-bp-I-bm-Wv. \mw IqSp-X kwkm-cn-I-fm-bn-tm-bn. \psS
hn-t\bpw Xpey-hn-Xm-\ - n sImp \np-p. CXv Bmhp hnIm-cfnepw B{K-l--fnepw k]--
C{n-bm-\p-`-h- Gevp Bm-hm-Wv. Cu C{nb fnepw Xs-m-\d - n-bm ]mSn-m--hn[w apgp-In-bn-cn-
Kay-\mb Pohm-mhv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h - -fpsS Zpc--kw-`-h- bvp- p. tIhew hkv Xp-\n-jvT-amb Pohn-Xw-\ -bnpw
v hnt[-b-\m-sWpw C{ icnv a\-n-em-n. {]mIr-Xh - k
- vXp-f - n AXyw apgp-Inbpw temI-hy-h-
{]Xn-Ww amw hcpXpsImv CXv "hnjbn'bmI-bn- lm-c--fnepw euInI-{]-hr-n-I-fnepw \nc-cw CS-s]pw
. CXv ico-c-n\nv `nhpw kzX-{-hp-am-sW-nepw Ccn-bvpI Imc-Wa - mbn Fm-n-epw-shv apJy-XX - z-amb
kz]v\ m-h- -I v kzX-{-a mb \ne-\n-e v]n- -tm. Bm-hn-s\-p-dnv hnNm-cn-pI Hcp \nanjw t]mepw
bYm-amb Alw AYhm Bm-hm-Is kYm hn\n-tbm-Kn-m-s\m-cp-p-n-. m\w kzbw kn-am-
N P
 6

I b-Xmbn \mw Icp-Xp-p. AXn-s\-p-dnv IqSp-X hnNmcw Db \ne-bn, ]c-a-e-y-n \mw Fp-p-sp K
sNp-Xpw AXns KpVmw a\-n-em-m {ian- [mc-W-bp--h C{-tbpw {]Pm-]X - n-bp-tSbpw kwhm-Z-
p-Xpw a\-n\v A[zm-\a - p Imcy-am-Wv. {]Pm-]Xn n {int--Xm-W.v C{s A`n-{]m-b-n ico-c-
Bmhns Bh-iy-IX - sb IqSp-X kv]jvS-am-m L- S-\-bpsS acym-Z-I- fn\n-pw, Ime- tZ- i-]-cn-[n- bn \npw,
thn, Bm-hv, \nc-cw \ne-\n-p-p-shp Pm{K- hnj-b--fpsS k-bn\npw kzX-{-amb Hc-h
Z-h--bnepw kz]v\m-h--bn-epw, A\p-`hw Ipdp t\c- tIhew k-\m-i-amWv. Zmi-\n-I-amb hnNm-chpw a\x-
tsmw XSv \njv{In-b-ambn \nm t]mepw, im-kv{X-] -c-amb hnt-j-Whpw Cu ]cn-W m-a- n-te-
Bmhv hnSmsX \ne\nppshp \njvIjnp bvmWv \s \bn-p-I. Fm {]Pm-]Xn C{n-bm-\p-
{]kvXm-hn-bvp-p. kz]v\w ImWm KmV-\n-{Z-bn `-h- -fpsS am-sImp _m[-tb-evm Bm-
A\p-`q-X n-hn-jb- - -sfmpw \psS apn-en-s-nepw hns AkvXn-Xzs Dun-bp-d -nm {ian-p-p.
AXp sImp Bm-hp-an-sp ]d-bm Ign-bn-. \n{Zn- Bmhv tNX-\m-h - -If- n \np XnIpw ]pd-m-bn-
Xm-h- -bn Bm-hns ksb C{ kzmI-cn-p- cp-n Fn-cp-mepw tNX-\m-kz-cq-]-\p-a Fp \nt-
sIm-p- sav {]Pm-]Xn [cn- n-cnp-I-bm- W.v ImcWw \n{Zm- in-b v m {]Pm-]Xn shp-p-v. C{ {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS
h--bn ]pdw-tem-I-hp-ambn _- hn-t-Za - p-s-nepw apn Xs _pn- a pv Cs\ hnh- c n- b v pp:
tNX\ \nc-cw XpSp-\n-pp F hkvXp-Xsb ""kz]v\w ImWm KmV-\n-{Z-bn hnj-bnbvv hmkvX-
ap hn[-n hymJym\nm Ign-bp-I-bn-. tZh-Z- h-n Xs ksbnbpw Adn-hn; av Ahn-sS-
\sm-cp-dw Ignv DWs-gp-t-mepw tZh-Z--\m- bp hnj-b--sf--nbpw m\-an-. AXp Hcp Xc-
bn-s XpS-cp-p. Fs-m Abm Dd-m XpS- n k-Ym iq\y-cq-]a - m-bn-tm-sbp ]d-bmw. AXp-
p-tm-gp-m-bn-cp C{n-bm-\p-`-h - -fpsS {Iaw Ddn sImv CXnepw KpW-sampw ImWp-n-.'' Cu A`n
Fgp-t--Xn\p tij-ap A\p-`-h-{I-at- mSv tbmPnp \nc-cw XpSp \nevp-X - mbpw Fm ]cn-h-\-Z-
\nevp-p-v. Abm-fpsS ]qm-\p-`-h- h-am\ i-I-fnepw am-an-msX \nevp--Xmbpw {]Pm-]Xn Nqn-
hnNm-c- -f p-ambn Htc N-e - - n-bn IrXy-a mbn m-p-p. Cu AJn-e-hn-izhpw ]c-am-hn-Nm-cs km-
tNcpp; am-cp-t S-sb-nepw hnNm-c-tfmSp tNcp-n-. m-cn-bvm-\p Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. ""Atbm aL-
A\p-`h - --fpsS Cu ss\ccyw t_m[m-h--bpsS ka- h Cu icocw ac-W[ - n-bm-Wv. Fmw \iz-ca - m-Wv.
kvX-L-S-I--fp-tSbpw ]m--e-n \nXy-n-c-\mb CXv ico-c-`n- -amb Aa-c-\mb Bm-hns \nhm-k-
Hcm-m-hp-sp AwKo-I-cnm \s \n-n-p- m\w am{X-am-Wv. Ins IrjvW-a-Wn-I-fn ImWp
p. hnNmcw sNm asmcp hnj-b-hp-an-m-Xn-cn-sbpw ]pcp-j-\m-WXv; Fm Ip-If - m-Is ImWm-\p D]-
\n{Zm-h--bn \ne-\n-p-t- XtXm AXm-Wm-m-hv. I-cWw am{X-am-Wv. Rm CXns\ aW-s Fp hnNm-
Im-Sn-bn Hpw ImWp-n-s-p-shv ImSn \in-p- cn-bvp--h-\mWv Bm-hv. aqv Kw apX-em-bh A\p-
shp hcp-n-. {]Pm-]Xn ChnsS hnj-b-ns t]cn `-hn-bv m-\p D]-Ic - Ww am{X-am-Wv.'' Bm-hns\
hnj- bn-p ]c-am-[n-]- Xys sXfn-bn- bvm {ian-bvp- Aaq-amb Hc-\u-]-Nm-cn-I-X -Xz-am-bn- A\-h-cXw
p. Fm hnj-b-fpw hnep-]X v -ambntmIp Ah-- {Inbm-io-ea - mb Hcp hym]I ssNX\y-am-bn-mWv {]Zin-
bnepw hnj-bn-bmb Bmhv AYhm {]am- Xm-hmb Bm n-n-p--Xv. ""izkn-bvp ka-bv CXn\v {]mW-s\-
kzXx-{ ]-I m-i-\ mbn hn-b v pp F bm-h - pw, kwkm-cn-bvp-tm hmIv Fpw, ImWp-tm
evIys A`n-{]m-b-nse bmYmyam-WnXv. ""kqcy-\- Is-pw, tIp-tm sNhn-sb-pw, hnNmcw sNp-
kvX-an- p-tm An AW-p-t]m-Ip-tm, Bmhp tm a\-spw CXn\p t] \evIp-p. Cu kw-
am{Xw Xt-Xmb {]Im-i - n {]Im-in-p-p.'' imco-cn- I-sfmw CXns hnhn-[ -{]-hr- n-I p-Xm-W v.''
Im-\p-`-h--sfm-p-an-m, Aaq-amb kz]v\mZn A\p- Cns\ hymJym- \ n- - s B m- h p- X - s - b mWv
`-h
- fpw IqSn-bn-m-, hnj-b-iq-\yhpw IqSn-bmb Cu nc\pw \nXy-\p-amb hnj-bn. AXv PmKr-X-bnepw kz]v\-
Bmhv tIh-e-samcp \njv^-ea - mb anYym-k-e - v]a
- m-
nepw ac-W-nepw \n{Zm-h - -bnepw _-\w, apn
sWv C{ Icp-X p-p. Xm GXns\ Adn-bpp; Cu Ah--I-fnepw XpSp-dp \nevp-p. AsX-m-
GXns\ A\p-`-hnpp; GXns\ B[m-c-amn {Inb m-e pw AJn- e -h n- i z-t bpw t\mn- s m- n-c n-
sNpp; AsXm-p-a Bm-s h-n Ah-bn\n- bvpp. AXvhym-]I - -amb hnj-bn-bmWv; AtX kabw
smw _w hn-Xm-sW-n, D-S--sam-p-an-msX hym]-I-amb hnj-b-hp-amWv. AXv ImWp-p-v. ImWp-
ip-iq-\y-am-sW-n ]ns tijn-s-pv? ""Hp-an'' n--Xm-\pw. D]-\n- jv Cs\ ]d- bpp: ""Ah ImWm-
C{ ]dp: ""Fm-n \npw ap-am-IpI Fm- Xn-cn-bvp-tm Ah ImWp-n-s-nepw ImWp-p-v.
ew Hp-an-m--Xm-hpI Fp Xs'' KuX-a-_p- {ZjvSmhv Ahn-\m-in-bm-b-Xp-sImv Zi-\-i-n-bvsm-cn-
Hcp hrs DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Spv tNmZn-bvp-I-bmWv: bvepw tem]w hcp-n-. Fm {ZjvSm-hns\ Hgnv
""AXns Ce-I-sfmw ]dnp If-bpp; sImp-I-sfmw Zin-bvm cm-aXmsbmcp hkvXp-hn-.'' Bm-hp-X-
apdn-pp; tXmep apgp-h Dcnpp; Ans\ Fmw s-bmWp apgp-h hnizhpw; ""Rm Xs-bmWv CsX-
\in-np-p. Fm ]ns hr-ambn tijn-bvp-- mw.''
sX-m-Ip- sa- m-Wq-lntXv? _mly-Po- hn- Xs \ntj- Cu hniz-kz-cq-]nbpw hy]-I-\p-amb Bmhv AXns
[n-bvp--Xns Aw Dn-ep Cuiz-cs \mi-am- khn-ti-j-kz-`mhw Imc-Wa - mbn ZrjvSn-hn-j-b-am-Ip-n-.
Wv. hnip-- amb B- \n-jvT-X- bn, Fm- \p-t-S-tmfw
N P
 7

I {io. i-c ]d-bpp: ""kmn-`q-X\- mb Bmhv tNX- m Ign-bp-sap ]e-]e kq--fnepw \nt-inp- K
\sb {]Im-in-n-p-p. Fm Hcn-epw Xm kzbw p. ImcWw B Ah-b - n {isb hn`-Pn-m-Ijn-
tNX-\m-hn-j -b-a m-Ip-n-.'' AXv Hc-\p-` hkma-{Kn-b- ,- bvp _mly-P-K -p-a mbn Bm-h n-\p _w
Fm{]tabhnjbfpw AXn\pthnbmsWnepw ths]-n-cn-pw. amwk-i-co-c-ns D]-tcm-[-ap-s-nepw
AXp kzbw {]ta-b -hn-j -b-a-. ka-k vX-hn-Nm-c-fpw ssZhn-Ia - mWv a\p-jym-m-hns auen-I-kz-cq-]w. ""Cu
AXn\p thn-bm-sW-nepw AXv Hcp hnNm-c-a-. AXv \mem-as Ah hnj-bn-bpsS m\-ap--X; hnj-
Fm ImgvN-If - p-tSbpw ASn-m-\-X-Xz- -am-sW-nepw AXv b-m-\a - p--X-. cn-tbpw m\-ap-Xp(D-`-b-{]-
kzbw ImgvNbvp hnj-b-a-. D]-\n-j-p-I tZlhpw w- a-. hnip--{]-m-kz-cq-]tam AJn-e-m-\i - -
Bmhpw Xn XmZm-y-ap-sp k-Xn-p-I-bn-. n-bpsS ]pRvPtam A. \n_n-Um-I - m-c-sap ]d-
AXp t]mse a\-ns hnhn-[m-h--I, _mly-{]-Xy- bm-hp--Xp-a-. CXv AZr-jvShpw km-Xn-im-bnbpw A{Km-
-kw-`-h - -fpsS Ahn- n-{I-aw, AYhm ssNX-\ y- lyhpw A\p-am-\m-Xo-Xhpw ANn-yhpw Ahy-tJy-bhpw
ns \nc-c {]hmlw CXn-t\m-sSmpw Bm-hns B-{]-Xy-b-ns kmc-X-Xzhpw kwkm-c-ns ]q-
XmZmyw m]n-bvIp-hm D]-\n-j-p-I Iqm-p-I- X-bp-am-Wv. \nXy-im-hpw kZm B\--a-bhpw AssZz-
bn-. _- sm-cm-[mcw Bh-iy-am-bn-p--hbvv X-hp-amb CXp-X-s- bmWv Bmhv'' Hmmcw CXns {]Xo-
Bmhv Hcp _-am-bn-cnp-I-bn-. hnhn[ LS-I-- I-am-Wv. Hmm-c-ns `mK--fmb A.-D.- a. Pm{K kz]v\w
fpsS ]c-kv]c - -kw-_ - - ns cq]hpw Bm-hn-\n-. kpjp]vXn Fo aq-h - -Iv D]-e - -Wa - m-bn-cn-
Fs-m AXn\p ]c-kv]c _w m]n-bvm bv p-p. Cu Bmhv sFIm-n-I-\; Fm-n\pw
Hcp {]Xn-\n[n Bh-iy-am-W.v hy]-I-amb Hcp tNX-\-bpsS s]mXp-hn B[m-c-amWv; Fm-n-tbpw k CXns\
ksb AwKo-I-cn-m \mw \n-n-X-cm-bn-o-cp-p. B{i-bn-n-cn-bvp-p. KmV- \n-{Z-bn \mw Fm `mh-fpw
AXp tNX-\-bpsS LS-I--fp-ambn \nc--c-km-l-N-cy-ap- \in-v, AJn-e-{]-]-hpw hnep-]vX-amb nc-amb Htc-
Xpw LS-I--fpsS A`m-h - nepw apSw IqSmsX I-Xz-n Fp-X - mbn ]d-bm-hp-X - m-Wv. Bm-hm-
\nm Ign-hp--Xp-am-I-Ww. Bm-hn-s\bpw A\m- Is Cu hniz-nse kIe ]Zm-- fp- tSbpw m\w
m-hn-s\bpw aqe-cq-]-n kzoI-cn-p Cu auen-I- km- Znv Xs Dn kpc-n-X-am- n-sh-p-p. Bm-
amb XmZmyw Xs-bmWv Bm-shp ]d-b-s-Sp-- hn\p ]pdsa bmsXmpw C-Xm\pw. AXv Hcn-bvepw
Xv. AXns ksb kw_-nv Bpw kt-la - p- ]cn-h-\a - n-m Fm ]cn-h-\--fn-eq-tSbpw \nc-
m-Im h. cw Htc an XpSp-sIm-n-cn-bvp \nXy-k--
amq-tIym-]-\n-j-n tNX-\-bpsS Hcp hnt-j-W- bm-Wv. Nn-hr-n-I hcp-p, t]mIpp, amdn-a-db - p-p.
ap-.v Bm-hn\p aqh--I-fpv; Cu aqpw \mem-a- Fm Bmhv am- a n- msX G- I - c - k - a mbn \ne- s Im- p-
sXm- c- h - - b n tN- c pp. Ah PmKrXn kz]v \ w p. Bmhv Adn- b p hnjbv BZnbpw A-
kpjp]vXn Ch-bm-Wv. \mem-a-t-Xmbn Xpco-bm-h--bpw. hp-apv; Fm Bmhv A\m-Znbpw A\-h - p-am-Wv.
BZys Ah DWn-cn-bvp ka-b-p--Xm- ""tNX- \ bv v hncmaw A \p- ` - h - s - n- n; t\cnv
Wv. Atm Bm-hn\v _mly-hn-jb - - \nd kmmm- c - h p- a p- m- b n- n- . C\n Ftm- s g- n- e p-ap-m-
kmam- \ y- { ]- ] - - s - n m-\ - a pmbncn-b v pw. bn- p- s - n-
e Xp AtX tNX- \ b
- psS A\- h - c Xw XpSp-
Atm Bmhv qe-]Zm-sf A\p-`-hn-m-kz- \n-evp-- aqo-I-c-Ws - a--t]mse Fm-n\pw km-n-
Zn-bvp-p. Cu ka-bp apJy-ambpw ico-cs B{i- bmbn Fmw A- \ p- ` - h n- p--Xmbn Fmntbpw ]nn
bn-m-Wv Ign-bp--Xv. cm-a-tXv kz]v\m- h-b - mWv. \nev p- - X m- b n- m- W v .'' AXv apgp-hk-- bp- tSbpw AkvXn-
AhnsS Bmhv kqva hkvXp--fpsS B\w A\p- hm- c a
- mWv . tb- - f mb hnj- b-v mXm-hmb
`-h n-bv p- p. AhnsS Pm{K-Z -h - -bnse kma-{K-l n- hnj- b n- t bm- S p B{in- X - X z- ns kz`mhw F{X-Xs
IsImv ]pXnb BIr-Xn-I cq]-s-Spn Hcp ]pXnb Bhnp ]d- npw XnIpw kv ] jvS-am-bn-n-s-nepw
temIw Xs Bhn-j vI-cn-p-p. Bmhv ico-c-_- \ap- - d n- h m- I p s#m- n\pw GI- k mnbpw klm-bn-bm-
s hI-sh-bvmsX kzX-{ -ambn Ae-p-\-S - p- Im km[y- X - b p GI- h - k X
v p- h p- a mWv AXv . Bm- hns
sap ]d-b-s-Sp-p. aqm-as Ah KmV-\n-{Z-bp- aq- h - - I - f m- b - P m- K r kz]v \ w kjp]v X n Chbpw CXn-
tS-Xm-Wv. AhnsS \apv kz]-\v-fp-an; bmsXm-cn--bp- s- s bmw m\w t\Sp \mem- a s Ah- bpw
ap-m-Ip-n-. kpjp-]vXn-sb-m-Wn-Xns t]. B Ah- tNm Bm- h ns Ah- I
- {Ia- n hniz,
-bn Bmhv Ipd-p-t\-c-tbvp {_-hp-ambn ssXP-k, {]m, Xpco-b Fn-h-bm-Wv.
XmZmyw {]m]nv B\--a-\p-`-hn-bvp-sap ]d-bp-p. kz]v\w Pm{KXv kpjp]vXn Cu aq-h - -It- fbpw
KmV-\n-{Z-bn \mw Fm C-I-fn\npw ap-cm-Ipp; h nt - j W w sN b v Xv h nN m cw s N bv X m A h
A\p-`-hn-p-h-cp IjvS-m-Sp-I-fn\n-p-IqSn apn Inp- ""Akp''If-s-nepw Ab-Ym--fm-sW \n-
p. hntcm-[--sfmw Xs \nn-j-b-m-\-cq-]-amb b - n- s e - pw.""B Z y - ne pw A h- k m - \ - ne p w
Bm-hns Cu Ah-b - n hnebw {]m]n-bvp-p. CmpXp a[y-n-ep-an Fp-d - m-Wv.''CXns ASn-
i-c ]d- bp- Xv am\-k- hr-n-I hgn Dm-Ip ssZzX- m-\-n hnNmcw sNbvXm PmK-cn-X-m\w Ab-
`mhw BZys c-h--I-fnepw \ne-\nevpw; Fm Ym-am-Wv. kz]v\m-h - -I \psS a-h-I - -tfmSv
Cu XrXo-bm-h--bn AXp-m-hn Fm-Wv. kz]v\c - - CW-m--Xp-sIm v Ab-Ym-am-sWp ]d-bm-sa-
ln-X-amb KmV-\n-{Z-bn \apv ]c-am-\--ckw A\p-`-hn- n PmK-cn-Xm-h - -bnse A\p-`-h- kz]v\ - -tfmSp
N P

I tbmPn-p-n-spw ]d-p-IqtS? PmK-cn-Xm-h--bnse
A\p-`hsf-tm-se-s kz]v\m-h--bnse A\p-`-
h-fpw Ah-bpsS aWvU-e-n s]mcp--s-p- \np-
p-.v {]]--hk - vXp- Bm-hns khn-ti-j-`m-h-
-fn-emWv bYm-ambn tXmp-X - v. PmK-cn-Xm-h - - n\v thsdmcp hymJym\w Bh-iy-am-Ipw. aI {]mWs\
bnse A\p-`-h - fpsS am\ZWvUw kz]v\temIp]
tbmKnpXpw As\ kz]v\temIs \nnbvp
Xpw icnb. kz]v\m-h-b - n-tebpw Pm{K-Xm-h - -bn-
tebpw A\p-`-h - hyXykvX \ne-I-fn-em-sW-nepw
Ab-Ym- amWv . kz]v\-c-ln- X- amb KmV-\n- {Zn-bn \apv
_mly- amtbm B`y- c-amtbm hy-amb bmsXmcp t_m[-
hp-an-m Hc-h--bm-Wp--X.v AXv AmIm-c-ns
ad-bvp-n t`Z-m-\-cl - n-Xa - mb Hcp ]pRvPa - m-Wv.
Bmhv `mhm--I-amb ]c-am-\--am-W.v AXv PmKr-Xntbm
kz]v\tam kpjp-]vXntbm A. Cu aq-h - -Ipw
kmn- b mbn km-X n- i m- b n-b mbn hn- b v p
Xpcobmh--bm-Wv.
Bm-hn-s\--n-bp-ff {]iv\w D]-\n-j-n-I-fn N
sN-s hnj-b--fn apJy-am-Wv. AXp A[ym--hnZy
F t]cn `K-hKo-X-bnepw thZm--kq-{X--fnepw
hopw hcp-p. B-kz-cq]-ns hnt-jWw D]-\n-
j-p-I -fpsS kzm-W v. AXv ]mc- -cym-hImi-ambn
XpSp-h hnNm-c-im-kv{X-v Inn. CXp-aqew ]e
anYym- k - -e v] - - f p- a p- m- b n. B- k z- cq- ] - s - n
_p\pw i-c\pw I]n-e\pw ]X-RvPenbpw hncp-k
m-- D-bn-n-p-v.
{_w
AssZz-X-]-c-amb Bibw EtKz-Z-Im-ev Dm-bn. kZm-
{In-bm-io-ehpw Fm imiz-X-hn-{iaw sImp--Xp-amb
\nXym-m-hns\ X-kw-K-X-ambn hymJym-\nm-\p
D-ch - m-ZnXzw D]-\n-j
- p-I Gs-Sp-p. asm-cn-Sv
Xmgv-X-e-n InS-n-cp A]qm-i-b- Db
\ne-b n- s en IqSp-X ka- - f m- b n. ssXn-
cotbm]\n-j-n D-t]m-se, ]tcm-KXn {]m]n-Xpw
\mw Ip. aqmw hn-bn ]p{X ]nXm-hns\ kao-
]nv Fm hkvXp-fpw P\nv hnI-kn-psXhnsS
\ntm, Ah-km\samw aS-p-s - X-hn-tSbvtm B ]c-
am- k - -b psS kz`mhw D]-t Z-i n- p-X - c-W -s ap
{]mn-bvp-p. A aI\v {_-ns kmam-\y-e-
-W - ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]kvXpX e-W - - kz-`m-h- ap--Xp- amb GtXm Hn-tebvv tXSn-sb-pp.
Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn H hkvXpsh Xncp ]nSn-bvm\pw
]d-p. ""GsXm-n \nv Cu hkvXp- P\n-bvp-
p-thm, P\nv GsXm-p- sImp Pohn-p-p-thm, arXyp-
Z-i-bn GsXm-n-tebvp {]th-inp-pthm AXmWv
{_w.'' {]]--nse ]Z- -sfmw Fpw BIrXn
amdnsmn-cnp-p. AXp-sImp ]c-am-cq-]-n
Ah kXy-am-sWp KWn-bvm h. Ftmgpw amdn-
sm-n-cn-bvp \ma-cq-]m--I-amb Cu hniz-ns
]m--e-n Hcn-epw amdmsX nc-am-bn-cn-bvp
Hcp k-bptm? D]-\n-j-ns ]cn-`m-j-bn PKv
\ma-cq-]m--I-am-sWp ]d-n-cn-bvp-p. ]p{X {]Ir-
Xn-sb-s ]c-ak - -bmbn KWn-bvpp; _mly-{]-
]--ns Ghpw {][m-\-h-i-am-Wtm {]Ir-Xn. temIm-
N P
8
b-Xn-I-m-cpsS `uXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-an-Xm-W.v {]Ir- K
Xnsb ]c-a-k--bmbn AwKo-I-cn-m Pohn-X-kw-`-h--
fpsS apgp-h\pw hni-Zo-Ic - -W-am-Ib - n Fp ]p{X Ffp-
-n a\-n-em-n. h\-kv]-Xn-h-ns hnIm-k-
AYhm Pohs\ ]c-am-k--bmbn FSp-p-Im-p-p.
{]Ir-Xn-sb-q-SmsX Poh\v (Po-h-i-n-bvv) \ne-\nm-
\-hn-s-nepw {]Ir-Xn-bn Poh-c-lk - y-ns kmn-y-
an-. PU-]Z- m-sf Dsm-m\pw Ahsb cq]-am-
-n\p Al-am-m-\pap hntj-i{- ]-`mhw Poh-i-n-
bv p- v . C tX i n- b mWv a\p- j y- i - c o- c - n
ktkym]- - sf chpw Anbpw t]in-I-fp-ambn
amm klm-b n-bvp auen-I-X-X zw. AJne hniz-
nepw hym]n-Xpw a\p-jys\ CX-ck - r-jvSn-If - p-ambn
_n-n-p-Xpw Cu XXzwXs-bm-Wv. {]mW ico-
c-km-c-am-sW-nepw {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn-
emWv Pohn-X - ns hyh--s bv ]p{X-\ p-d- p-v .
Fm {]iv\] - -cn-l m-c-ambn {]mWs\ ]c-a-k-bmbn
AwKo-Ic - n-mepw Abmp Xr]vXn-bm-Ip-n-. Fs-
m {]mWn-tem-I-n \ap\p-`-h-am-Ip tNX-\m-
{]-Xn-`m-k-sf Poh-\X - Xzw sImv hymJym-\nm
km[y-a-. a\v AYhm {]Xy--amb m\m--I-tN-
X\ Poh-i - n-bn \npw {]Ir-Xn-bn \npw XnIpw
hneW-amb Hcp hkvXp-hm-Wv. AXv {]mW-{]-{In-b-bpsS
- n- intcm-aI - p-Sa- m-sWp tXmp-p. AXp-sImp ]p{X
a\-mWv {_-sap hniz-kn-bvp-p. F-meXpw ]cym-
]vXa - m-Ip-n-t- m. tIhew {]Xy m\w- sImv
hymJym-\n-bvm Ign-bm _un-I-kw- `-h-sf{Xtbm
ImWmw. hnm-\-amWv {_w. _un-I-X-e-n
ssZzX`mh-ntbpw _mly-X-bp-tSbpw XXz--fp-s
hkvXpX {]Zin-n-p-I-bmWv D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS eyw.
m\-nepw [mn-IP - o-hn-X-nepw hnj-b-hn-j-bn-_-
-ap-v. ksb m\-ns ]cn-`m-jb - n \nb-
{np \nm-n-Sv tIhe _pn-bn\n-p-b
DIr-jvS-amb Ftm Hp-m-bn-cn-bn--Ww. k-bn-
ep sFIy-ns Bhiyw \mw _un-IX - e- -n
\np-b-c-Ws - a-m-Wv. hnNmcw \mw a\-n-em-m-dp--
t]mse Zqsc \nevp-Xpw hnNm-c-{]-{In-b-bn \np `n-
hp-amb hnj-b--tfm-SmWv _-sp {]hnvp--Xv.
AXv Xn\np ]pd-v, Xn\np `nhpw hncp-
bYm-k hnNm-c-n\np `n-amWv; Adn-bp--
h\pw Adn-b p hnj- b hpw Adnhpw (m-X mhpw
m\hpw t-b-hpw) Hm-bn-o-cp-p. Zmi-\n-Ih - n-
Nm-c-ns At\z-jWw Chn-sS-sbn Ah-km-\n-bvp-
-p . CXp-s Imp B\-- n-\ p-a o-s X-bmbn Hp-an
FmWv \nn-jvS-am-Ip--Xv. AXp-X-s-bmWv ]c-a-k-.
Cu B\w \nc-cw {Inbm-io-ehpw kpJm--I-hp-amb
Hc-\p-`-ha - mWv; AYhm Ign-hns \nm-[a - mb {]tbm-K-
am-Wv. iq\y-n hnfbn--e-, {]mWn ]qX {]m]n-
-em-Wn-X.v ""hnth-I-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS t\mp m\n-I
Ah-cpsS AXypIr-jvS-amb m\w-sImv B\--cq-
]-\mbpw \nXy-kz-cq-]-\mbpw {]Im-in-bvp Bm-hns\
kmm-cnp-p. kXyw ]dm AXypIr-jvS-
 9

I amb bYm-k-sb hni-Zo-I-cnm \mw Ak-a- ambn \ne-\n-evp Cu {]]--n Fn-s\-sb-nepw K

cm-Wv, AXv Aaqtam aqtam F tNmZyw t]mepw hne-bn-cp-mt\m hninjvSX kzoI-cn-mt\m \apv Ign-
bpn-k-l-a-. \mw GsX-nepw hn[-n-e-Xns\ hnh- bmsX hcpw. Cuiz-c\pw {_hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Hp-
cn-bv-W-sav _un-Ia - mb Bhiy t{]cn-np- Xs FmWv D]-\n-j-p-I kqNn-n-p--X.v Ghpw
p. AXns\ tIhew Aaq-ambn KWn-bvp--Xn-t\- kqva-X-tbmsS Zmi-\n-I-ZrjvSym IrXy-ambn hnth-N\w
m aq-ambn KWnp--XmWv IqSp-X bYm-am- sNbvXv \mw B-t_m-[t- msS ""Rm\m-Ipp Rm''
hp-I. Db XXz--sfmw AXm-Xn \np Xmgv XXz- Fp ]d-bp-tm ]c-a-k--bn \np AXyw Npcp-
-sf-m aqhpw ka-th-Xh - p-am-Wv. AXp-sImp n-b, Iev]n-bvm am{Xw Ign-bp-, eLp- -Xz-ap-sp
{_w-X-s-bmb B\w as-m-n-t\-mfpw k-{Km- ]d-tb-n-hc - p-p. Cu A-iq\yw aXn-bmbn i-c\v
ln-bm-W.v Fm hkvXpfpw AXn\npdp hcpp. Fm-n\pw B[m-c-`q-Xhpw kXy-hp-amb hnip--k-sb
AXn\ms Fm hkvXp-fpw nXnsNpp. tZi-Im-e--fmepw Imc-W - mepw B_--amb {]]--
HSp-hn Fmw AXn-te-p-Xs hnebw {]m]n-bvp- ns D]-nbvv Ic-W-am-n-om . hnip--
p. J\n-P - , h\-kv]-Xn-PK -
- v, {]mWn-Pm-ew, a\p- {_- - s - n hnNmcw sNm XpS- p- - t XmsS
jy-k-aqlw C-s\-bp hnhn-[-`m-K-v B ]c-tam- iq\ys t`Z-I-X-Xzhpw AXp-t]mse km-[m-c-hp-am-
-X-k--bp- am-bp _w tIhew Aaqtam bm{n- p-p-sv D]-\n-j-p-I ]tcm-- ambn kzoI-cn-bvp-
Itam A. Ah-sbmw Ah-bvm-[m-c-`q-Xa - mcnp p. kwL-Sn-X-amb ]q-k--bmbn ]noSp hnI-kn-
hym]-I-amb Hn-\p-n GIo-`q-Xa - mbn \np-p. Cu bvp m\-kz-cq-]-\mb Cuiz-c kns A[n-
{_mnepff Fm `mKfpw k hym]Iamb Imw-ihpw Ak-ns \yq\mw-i-hp- am-W.v _mly-X-bp-ambn
Cu BXva mhns AwifmWv . Ah AXmXns AXn\p _hpw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]c-am-k {]]-k-
hcpXnpff Imcy \nlnm\mbn khntij bpsS cq]-n {]I-S-am-Ip-p. CXp-sIm-p-Xs - -
cq]w ssIsmp \ne\npp. Cu hn`m-K-sm- bmWv {]]-n-ep hnhn-[-h-kvX p-fpw Dsm-
n\pw kzX-{-amb AkvXn-Xz-an-. B Hns B{in- p bYm k-bpsS tXmXp-I-s f, ]c-a-k --
X- ` m-K - -f m-s W- mw. thcp- I tatempw imJ- I bn\nv Ah-bn-tebvp hkvXp--fn-semw tZiw
Iogvt]mpw ]Sp-]n-Sn k\m-X\ - a- mb Biz--hr-- Imew ImcWw Fo kmam\y LS-I--sf-tm-se-s
ap-v. AXp Xs-bmWv Dz-e-amb {_w. AXp Xs {_-ns A`n-hy-nbpw {]Xy--am-Ip-p-v.cmam-\p-
Aar-X w. AJn-e - h n- i zhpw AXn HXp- p- p. Hcp Ps aq-{_-hpw i-cs Cuiz-c\pw B hnip--
hkvXphpw AXns ]pdp t]mIp-n-.'' {_--tmSv G-hp-a-Spp \nevp--h-bm-Wv. CXn-ep-a-
\mw ]c-ak - -sb B\--am-sWp hymJym-\n-p. [n-Iw -A-Sp--ap Hns\ Duln-bvm IqSn km[y-a-
CXp-sImv ]c-a-k Ahym-tJy-b-am-sWp km[m-cW . ktmIr-jvS-amb {_tam AYhm B\-tam
]d-p-h-cm-dp A`n-{]m-bs Jn-bvp-I-bm-Wp-m- hnm-\-n-ttbm B- ssN-X- \y-n-ttbm \ne- bn
b-Xv. k- mw-K] - q-amb ksb Adn-bm-\p cN-\m- tkzbm kzoI-cn ]cn-[n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn hyn-cq-]-\mb
- I-amb Fm {]b- Xv\hpw km[m-c-W- bmbn sNs-pI Cuiz-c-\m- bn-o- cp-p. Cuiz- c As-n Bmhv GI-
aq-amb Hcp ]q-X-bn-em-Wv. aq-amb B\--amWv Xz-ns AkvXn-hm-c-amWv; {]IrXn AYhm A\m-mhv
{]mamWn-Ik - AXhm hnNm-c-i-n-bn A`n-hy-- _lp-Xz-X-X z-am-Wv.
am- Ip bYmyw. CXn- s\-bmWv cmam- \p- P ktmIr- {_hpw Bmhpw
jvS-amb {_-ambn kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. ka-kvX-Kp-W - - hnjbw hnj-bn, _vw Bm, km-`u-a-X Xzw
fn\npw kzX-{-amb hnip {_-amWv \ncp-]m-[nI B-XXzw Cu bp-I- kam-\ - -fmWv, A`n---
k AYhm i-c kzoI-cn-n-p \npW {_w. fm- W.v {_- amWv Bmhv. ""a\p-jy-\n-ep Cu {_hpw
BZy-tXv (cm-am-\p-Pt- -Xv) kphy-h-n-Xa - mb ]q- kqcy-\n-ep Cu {_hpw cpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. EtKz-
k--bmWv; cm-a-tXv (i--c-t-Xv) Ahym-tJy-b-amb Z-n {]Xn-]m-Zn Cuiz-cs km-Xn-im-bn-Xz-`m-h\
bYmy-am-Wv. i-cs aX-n--\p-k-cnv cm-a-t- ChnsS km-c - ym-an-bpsS `mh-ambn ]cn-Wa- n-n-cn-bvp-
X-pX- sbpw Hm- a-t-Xmbn kzbw hnf-p-p. AZr- p. A\w km- n\p ]pd- ; km- n- p-
jvSn-sImv mX-amb k-bm-Is ]q-m-\-am- n-s-bm-Wv. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS m\-]mTw hnj-
sWp tXmp-p. bn\n-jvT-am-b-XmWv Cu am-n-\p--c-hm-Zn. {_hpw
X-knamb AXyp-X k-sb-bmtWm AYhm Bmhpw Xn-ep XmZm-y-n {i sNep-pI!
]c-ak - -sb BtWmB\--ambn KWnt-Xv F Fm AXns alXzw D]-\n-j-p-I-p-dv Ah-
kt-l - n \nmWv Fm hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Zhpw D-hn-- bp-mb Ime-n\pw tZi-n-\p-a-p-d-v. Fn-bn-p--
sXv {]Xy--am-Wv. i-cm-Nm-cy kan-p hn[w Xm-bn-mWmw. C\nbpw Fsmw ssZhn-I-m-\-fpw
Ai\w sImv {]m]n-t--Xmb kc-fa - mb \ncp- Ip-] n- Sp- - -f p-a mWv hn{i-a - a n- msX Kth-j Ww
]m-[n-I-{_--tbpw cmam-\p-Ps aq-amb ]q-{_- sNp Pnm-k p- -f psS apn {]Xy- -a m-I m-
-tbpw kv]jvS-amn thXn-cnp ImWn-bv p \ncnbvp-sXp ]d-bm Ign-bn-. `mhn-bnse XXz-hn-
sXfn AXnn- tc-J-I-sfmpw D]-\n-j- p-I hcp Nmcw \ho-\hpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb GsXmw am--
shn-n. C\n \ma-Xns\ thXn-cn-bvp-] - w aq- f-hX - c
- n-n-mepw icn, Cu Zmi-\n-I-XXzw nc-ambn

N P

I \nevpw. CXn \nv Hcp-X-c-n-ep hyXn-bm-\-fpw
Dm-h pI kw`m-hy-a- .'' hnjb-hn-j-b n-I -f psS Cu
XmZmyw tIhew Hc-kv]jvS-k-ev]w am{X-a - , bpn-
bp--amb hnNmcw, A\p-`-hw, Cm-in Ch-bpsS ^en-
Xm-am-Wn-Xv. {]IrXn hnNm-c-tbm-Kyhpw tXmen-]n-bv-
s-Sm-hp-Xpw kvt\ln-bvm sImm- hp--Xp-am-bn-cp-n-
s-n a\p-jym-m-hn\v AXn-s\-p-dnv hnNm-cn-mt\m
AXns\ Iogvs]-Sp-mt\m kvt\ln-bvmt\m Ign-bp-am-
bn-cp-n-. {]IrXn Hcp hnjbnbpsS hnj-b-am-Wv. XnIpw
_pn-K-ayhpw bpn-kw-K-Xhpw hi-s-Sp-m Ign-hp-
Xpw kvt\ln-bvm Al-hp-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\p-th-n-
bmWv CXv \ne-\n-evp--Xv. \-{X-k-aqlw AXns
I sImfp- n-s h Zo]- -f mWv; A-I mcw
AXns\ Dd- m-\p Xmcm-p-]m-pw. {]IrXn Pohn- X-ns
Bo-b-bm-Ymy- n-tebv v \s hnfn-bv pp;
Bm-hns Bh-iy-I-X-Isf \nd-th-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
{]Ir-X nsb \nn-bvp- Xpw in-s -Sp- p- Xpw
sImp-\S- -p-Xpw Fmw Bm-hp-Xs - -bm-Wv. a\p-
jy hnNm-cn-m XpSnb Imew sXmv hnjb hnj-
bn-I-fpsS Cu GI-Xzw, Fm-nepw hym]n-Xpw Fm-n-
t\bpw X n Dsm-p--Xp-amb Hcp tI{-k--
bpsS AkvXnXzw; `-P-\--fpsS knm--ambn hn-
bvp-p. aX-]-ca- mb cl-ky-hm-Zhpw AKm-[a - mb [-
\n-jvTbpw "AXp \o BIpp' "XXz-akn' FX valm-
hm-Iy-ns bmYmy-n\p kmn-bmWv. \ap-Xp
a\-n-em-bn-s p hcmw. Fm AXn-s \- - n-bp
AX \ap--Xns\ \ntj-[n-bvm th{X Imc-W-
am-Ip-n- .
{_s k w_- n- p hnhn[[mc- W - I
Bkw- _-n-I-fmb hnhn-[m- i--tfmSpw tbmPn-bvp-p-
v. adn-p-ap-.v PmKrXn kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Bm-hns
kam-[y-h Chsb ]nm- es thZm-- {K---fn
thXn-cnp kv]jvS-amn ]d-n-p-v. Ah {_s
kw_-n hnhn-[-[m-c-WI - sf A\p-Iq-en-bvp-p-ap-v.
]c-{_w B\w Xs-bm-Wv. AXp \mem-as AXm-
bXv Xpco-bm-h--bn A`n-hy--am-Ip B kzcq]w
Xs-bmWv. AhnsS hnj-bhpw hnj-bnbpw Hm-Ip-p.
{ZjvSmhpw ZrjvSn-bpw Z- r-iyhpw (Im-Wp-h - \pw ImWp--
Ipw ImW-s-Sp- -h- kvXp-hpw) Hcp kq-{_-- n
kt-fnv GIm-Im-c-am-Ip-p. Bmhv a\p-jys am\-
kn-Ihpw {]mW-i-n-`q-Xh - p-amb B-`m-h-tmSv XmZm
yw m]n- b v p- t m {_w Cuiz- c - t bpw
a\pjymmhn-tbpw CS-bvp lnc-Wy-K` AYhm
hnizm-m-hmbn Iotgmp hcp-p. EtKz-Z-ns kzm[o-\-
in ImWmw. hniz-n\v Hcp tNX- \bpw Hcn-m-i-nbpw
Dsv Icp-Xs - -Sp-p. a\v Ftmgpw ico-c-tm-Sp-
Iq-sS-bn-cn-bvp-p. a\-ns hnkvXr-X-]-cn-]mSnI ico-
c-ns hnkvXr-X. hyh-I - -tfm-sSm-p-t]m-Ipw. \mw
Pohn-bvp Cu hniz-n\v kz-ambn Hcp a\-pv;
Cu a\v lncWyK`-\m-Wv. Cu hnizmmhns\w_
npff Bibw D]\njpIfn ]e \mafnepw
cq]fnepw ImWmw CXns\ Imcy{_sap ]dbpp.
ImcW{_amb Cuizc\n \nv `namWv Cu
N P
10
Imcy{_w; krjvSnbvsSp Fm hkvXpfptSbpw K
kapbamWv. AJne ImcyfptSbpw tNX\mIamb
kapbw {_w AYhm lncWy K`\mWv. CXp
kmm {_-n \nv kYm `n-a-. {_w
hnip--am-W v, hyn-bm-Wv. AXoh kzm-cq-]a - m-W v.
GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-W.v Hcp L-n-eXp {kjvSm-hmbn
AXmbXp Cuiz-c-\mbn ImW- s-Spp; asm ka-bpw
AXns\ krjvSn-bmbn AXm-bXp lnc-Wy-K`s cq]-
n ImWp-p. Cu {_m-hp-IqSn {_-n\n-m-
Wp--hn-bvp--Xv. ""AXp-Xs - -bmWv {_m-hns D-
h-m-\w.'' ka-kvX-hn-j-b-{]-]--tbpw Xmn \nevp-
Xv hnj-bn-bm-Wv. B hnj-bn, hyn cq]n-If - mb hnj-
bn-I-sfmw hnebw {]m]np Ign-mepw {]]--c-N\ - -
bpsS k-ev]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cnbvpp. \mw Bmhpw
\psS ico-chpw Hm-sWp k-e v] n-bv p-tm
{_w hniz-cq]n AXm-bXv hncm-m-bn-o-cp-p. hncmv
ka-kvX-hp-am-Wv. kq-k--ev]-ns kmc-`q-X-am-W.v
An At-l-ns inc-mWv; kqcy-N-{-m Ip-I-
fmWv; \mep Znp-Ifpw At- l-ns sNhn-I-fm-W.v At-
l-n- -\n-p- Xs D`-hn {]kn--f - mb thZ-
hmm-Wv. hmbp {]mW-\m-Wv. kakvX hnizhpw
At-l-ns lrZ-b-am-Wv. At-l-ns ]mZ-fn
\nmWv `qan-bp-m-bXv. hncm-ns icocw `uXn-I] - -
Zm-fpsS kwln-X-bm-Wv. hncmv {]Xy--\mb Cuiz-
c-\m-Wv. At-l-ns C{n-b- Znp-If - m-Wv. At-
l-ns icocw ]-`q-X - -fmWv; At-l-ns tNX-
\-bm-Is ""Rm k-hp-amWv'' F `mh-\-bm {]Im-
in-b v p- -X p-a m-W v. hncm-S v] p-cp-j s hnIm-k - n\p
apmbn hniz- {]--sbtm lnc-Wy- K`- s\tm ]d-bp
kq{X-m-hns hnIm-k -ap-m-bn- -gn-n-cn-bv p-p.
kqva-i-co-c--fpsS kwln-X-bm-W-tlns hml-\w.
lnc-Wy-K`\p tij-amWv hncv {]mZp`-hn-bvp--Xv.
hncm-ns cq]-n lnc-Wy-K` {]Xy--\m-Ip-p.
]camk k, Nn, B\w AXm-bXv nXn
tNX\ ]c-a-kpJw Fn-h-bpsS cq]-n-emWv hn-bv-
]-sn-p--Xv. ""m\w, in, {Inb Ch-bm-WX - ns
kzcq]w.'' AXp kzbw Imc-W -a mWv. {_w-kpw
Nnkz-cq-]hpw A\--hp-am-W.v ]c-am-k Hcp hnNm-
c-a; Hcp in-b; Xosc A\m-k-a - mb _mly-h-
kvXp-hp-a- . Fm-eXv ka-kvX-km-c`- q-X-amb XXz-n-
tbpw Pohn- X -k - - b p- t Sbpw BZi- n- t bpw
bmYmy-n-tbpw m\w, t{]aw, kucyw Ch-bp-
tSbpw kPo-ha - mb sFIy-amWv. AXv \ntj-[m--Ia - mb
A\n-n-X-X-Xz-a-s-n-cn-bv nepw app ]d--t]mse
"t\Xn t\Xn' Fv \ntj-[n-p-sImt AXns\ hn-
bvm-s\m-p-I-bp-p.
Pohm- mhv
koan-X-]-Zm--fn Pohm-m-hn\v AXyp-X - -bm-
Ymy-ap-spw D]- \n-j- p-I m]n-bvp-p. AXv
]c-{_--a-s-nepw ]c-{_-t- m-tS--hp-a-Spp \nevp-
p. km-amb Pohm-m-hns\ hniz-ns {]Xn-_n-_w-
_-sa \ne-bn hn-bvp D]-\n-jZ- zm-Iy--fp-ap-
v. kmw A\-a - m-bn-o-cm thn {]bm-k-s-Sp

I {]{In-b-bmWv Cu AJn-e-hn-izw-Xs. Cu {]p-_v[m-
h Pohm-m-hnepw ImWp-p. ssXn-co-tbm-]\ - n-j-
n--\p-k-cn hniz-{_-m-WU
v -ns ]e LS-I-fpw
Pohm-m-hn ImWp-p-v. An-bpw Pehpw ]rYznbpw
A\--k--tbm-Sp-tNmWv Pohm-m-hns\ krjvSn-n-
p--sXp ]d-n-cn-bvp-p.
bYm k-bpsS hnhn-[m-h-I Hp-tN-cp
kt-f-\-m-\-amWv am\-h. {]mW hmbp-hn\pw AXm-
bXv ico-c-nse izmtkm-zmkw PK-n \nc-cw
hoip Imn-\pw, a\v BIm-i-n\pw AXm-bXv am\h
a\v hniz-nse A-co(Cu-X)-n\w A\-cq-]-
-fm-bncnp-p. qe-i-co-ca - m-Is hniz-ns `uXn-
I-hk - vXp-t- fmSpw B\p-cq]yw hln-p-p. a\p-jym-m-
hn\v Pohk--bpsS Fm Ah-I - -tfmSpw ASn-apSn
_-ap-v. AXn-\p-n Hcp Znhy-X-Xz-ap-v. AXp-sIm-
mWv \mw ]c-am-\w \Ip tNX\ Fp hyh-l-cn-
p B\-m-h - -bp-m-I-X - v. AXp-hgn A]q-k-
`--fn \apv (a-\p-jym-m-hn-\v) {_-tmSv G-
hp-a-Sp k-ap-m-Ip-p. koan-X-amb "Alw' As-
n ico-c-[m-cn-bmb Poh C{n-b--tfmSpw a\-tmSpw
_np \np Bm-hm-Wv.
hn`n- X - z- An-c- a mb kam-\ -X -t bmsS
hn-bvp-p. ""cp ]n-If - p-v. Htc Xe-n-ep--
h, AXy--an-{X-. Htc hrs B{i-bn-n-cn-bvp-
p. Ah-bn-s emv a[p-c-a mb ^ew Xnp-s Im- n-cn-
bvpp. Fm atXv X XnmsX AXv t\mn-
sm-n-cn-p-p. AtX hr-n-t hniz hr-n-
t a\p-jy Cuiz-c-t\mSp IqsS Xma-kn-p-p. Xs
Npn ]nSn-n-cn-bvp ti-fpw IjvS--fpw ImcW-
ambn aqn-pp; Xs \n-lm-bm-h--bn ZpxJn-p-
p. Fm AXv at-Xns\- - m-Wp-tm PK{]-`p-hmb
Xs Iqp-Im-cs\ ImWp-tm B Zhy kn-[n-bn
aXn-a-d-m-m-Znp-p. lm Fsmcp tPymXnv! AtXmsS
Ahs ti- Zqsc-b-I-ep-p.'' {]mIr-X\pw Znhy\pw
Xn nc-amb s]mcpw {]m]np Ign-n-n-. Pohm-
m-hns k \nc-cw ]cn-Wa - n-p-sIm-n-cnp-p.
Xm\-m Hns\ {]m]n-m ]nXp-Sp {]b-Xv\n-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. a\-jy-\n-ep Pohm-mhv A`n-ap-
Jo-I-cn- p--{]-i v\ -amWv \m\m-Xzw. AXn GIXzw
m]n-m A\-m-mhv Pohm-m-hns\ Blzm\w
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. kmhpw A\- hpw Xn-ep
Cu ]nSn-hen hniz-{]-{In-b-bn-ep-S-\o-f-ap--Xm-W.v AXv am\-
h-tN-X-\-bn-sen aq\yw {]m]np-p. Ahs Pohn-
X-nse _un-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw ss\Xn-I-hp-amb
Fm hipw Cu kwLjw A\p-` -h -s - Sp- p.
hynXzw \ntjw hne-bn-np-Ibpw, kms A\-
-amn ]cn-h\w sNp-Ibpw, am\-hX - sb Znhy-X-
bn apgp-Inbpw sNbvXm am{Xta a\p- -jy\v ]q-
t{]- a-n-tbpw ]q- kzm- X-{n- tbpw \nXy-k-Xy-
hnf-p Cuizckm{am-Py-n-tebvv {]thiw e`np-
I-bp-p. Fm-eXv am\-h-cq]w [cnv km-ambn hn-
p-t-S-tmfw AXn\v ^e-{]m-]X v n-bp-m-hn-. An-a-
eyw {]m]nm\pw Ign-bn-. Cu kwLj-n-m-[m-
N P
11
c-ambn ImW-s-Sp k Xn\np Zqc-tbvv K
hncNq-pp; AXp-sImv am\-Po-hn-Xt- bpw AXn-
{I-anp apI-fn-temv t]mtI-X - mbn hcp-p. km-amb
Pohm-mhv kzbw-]q-amb k-b-. An-s\bmsW-
n ]c-am-mhv Pohm-m-hn-\m ]cn-an-X-amb asmcp
kz{-hy-n-bm- bntm-Ipw. Bm-hns bYmXbmWv
A\-w. Hgn-hm-t-p Ab-Ym-X-b-mWv kmw.
A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hns\ ths]-Sp-n-bm km-
\mb Pohm-mhv Xp- n- ep bYm-X-tbbpw ssIhn-
p-If - b
- p-p. A\- - ns kmn[yw Dn-ep-m-Ip--
Xp-sIm-mWv a\p-jym-m-hn\v Db ]Zhn e`n-p--
Xv. Pohm-mhv Dm-Ip-Xpw \ne-\n-m Ign-bp-Xpw
hniz Pohn-X-n\n-m-Wv. Bmhv ]q-amWv. (Sub
Specie acternitztis) Bm- Hp asm-ns\ AIse
amp-Ibpw At\ym\yw _ln-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp
F knm-np Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-XX - z-ap-v. Cu
_ln-jvIr-Xm-h--bpsS {]Xo-Xn-sIm-p-am{Xw Bmhv
kYm thdnp \npp Fp A\p-am-\n-t-X - n-
. ChnsS ]rYzw Hcp Xc-n t`Z-{]oXoXn am{X-am-
Wv. CXns\ kmZr-iy-am-bn-mWv Icp-tX-X - v. Am--
]w CXv tIhew \psS a\-p-I-fpsS A]-Ij-W-
ambv t]mIpw. thdn-p-\n-p Bm--fpsS k]w
kXyw, \, kvt\lw Fo BZi-v m\w
\Ip-I-bn-. C{]-Imcw a\-jy Cp \ne-bn
]q-\-spw Cp bYm-n-ep Bm-hn-t\-
m Db GtXm Hp-spw AXns\ {]m]n-p-
Xp a\x-im-nv AXym-h-iy-am-sWpw Hcp ap[m-c-
W-bp-m- Ip-p. Pohm-m-hns kzX- {-k-sb ]cn-tim-
[n-m AsXmcp shdpw {`aw am{X-am-sWp \app
a\- n-em-Ipw. kap- Zm-b- n\n--I-m a\p-jy ]ns-
sb-sm-mWv? a\p-jy\v Xn Xs-bp kmam-\y-a-
\-mWv bmYmyw \Ip- -X.v kzw \ne-bn Ah
as-m-bmepw am\-h\ - m-Ip-n-. hnhn-[-cq-] - -fn-ep
kapZmbtNX-\sb kw_-n-t-S-tmfw CXv kXy-am-
sW-n, Hpw Ipd-h-, kmap-Zm-bn-I-X-tb-m IqSp-X
DIr-jvS-amb kmam-\y-a-\ - n-s\-w-_-n-pw! km--
fmb a\-p-I aX-nepw aX-n-\p-th-nbpw B[ym-
n- I-amb Hcp ]q-L-S-Is \nn-p- p-v. Fm
bYm-n-eh - bvv Ah-km\w t\mp-tm ImWm-
hp aq-cq-]-an-. Hc-Zr-iy-k-ap-Zm-b-nse AwK-
F \nebvmsX Ahbvp Xnsc bmYmy-hp-an-
. Npcp--n ]d-bmw, A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hns\
Hgn- p-a m- n-bm ]ns aX-n\p thsd Bm-
_mn-bp- m-hn-.
hyn-bmb Pohm-mhv Xmgv Xc-ns] PU-
{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv a-cnp temI-n D-X-\mbn \np-
p-s-nepw A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky--fmb D-X-h-kvXp--fn
kap-X - -\-. \nc-cw {]b-Xv\np-Xpw Fm kzc-
t-bn-m-p-amb a\p-jym-mhv Xs B-kzm-X-
{yhpw ka-c-kX km[n-m-ep BmZhpw B\-k - z-
cq-]a- mb {_m-\--ck - hpw Bn-t-X - p-v. a\p-
jys Df-fn-ep Cuiz-c Xs-m Xncn- -dn- bp- tm
am{X-ta, BZiw AXns ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-p-tmtg

I a\p-jy\p Xs ]c-ae- -ys ]q-am-m Ign-bq.
a-c-fpw At\ym- \y-hn- tcm-[fpw Pohn-X-nse hntcm-
[m-`m-k-fpw A]q-amb hnImkns e-W - -
fm-Wv. AXn-s-Xn-cmbn ]c-kv]c - -sm-cp-hpw ktm-
jhpw imnbpw hnIm-k-{]-{Inb ]q-am-sb-X - n\p
sXfn- hm-Ip-p. Pohm-m-hp- X-s- bmWv bp-t-{Xw. Ahn-
sS--s-bmWv acw \S-p-X - v. BZiw ]q-am-
Ip-hm bpw Ah-km-\n-bvWw; hntcm-[--fn\n-p-
mb thZ\ ian-p-Ibpw thWw. Atmtg ]qn-sb-
nb a\p-jy-\n Bcw-`n-p Cuiz-cs\ {]m]nm-
\p {]h-WXbvv XnIpw ^e-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-hq. PK-
nse asm hkvXp--tf-mfpw Db-h\ - mWv a\p-
jy. A\--tmSp tN Hm-Ip-tm-gmWv Ahs
]c-a-eyw \nd-th-dp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bn Poh-in Hfn-n-
cn-p-v. PohnXw hnI-knp-tm {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ]c-a-
eyw \nd-th-dp-p. Poh-in Xn tNX-\sb Hfn-
np kqn-pp; AXp tNX-\sb XnIpw tamNn-
np Ign-bp-tm Pohs eyhpw ]q-am-Ipp.
{]bpWp {]XyamhptmgmWv tNX\bpsS
eyw ]qoIcnpXv. DXamb Ai\
nsen apgpIptm {]-bpsS kXyw kwkn--
am-Ip-p. B Ai-\-am-Is hnNm-ctam hnIm-ctam
Ctbm A; hnNmc-ns eyhpw C-bpsS {]m]y-
m-\hpw hnIm-c - ns ]q-X-bp-am-Wv. km-amb
Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hns\ Xms\-p-\n-n-d-n-h-pthm
B ]c-{_-s {]m-]np-tm Bo-b-Po-hn-Xhpw
eyw {]m]n-p-p. ""m\n-bmb Hcp a\p-jy\v Pohm-
mhv k-kz-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu sFIyw Hcn- Ip-
I-gn Bv ]noSv ZpxJ-sav? IjvS-sav?''
D]-\n-j -p-I-fnse [-i mkv{ Xw
PKv ]pd-s-p-h-cp-Xv ]c-am--m-hn \nm-Wv.
AXp-sImp Ahn- sS- s hn{i-am\w Is- -Ww.
{]]-{]{Inbbnem-Zyw km-\ - -f-\--am-m \S-
p ]cn-{iaw \mw ImWp-p. _mn-bp CX-ck - mw-
km-cnI hkvXp--sf- tm-se-s a\p-jy Xn A\-
-ns k-ap-s--dnv ktm-- X-\mb ]cam
mhns\ {Klnbvm ssI \opp. Fm ]nIfpw
XfpsS Bhmkhrntebv v ]dp t]mIpw
t]mse Cu PKmsI B ]c-am-m-hn-tebvv t]mIp
p ""Rm An-cn-bn-p--t]m-se-s A-bn
{]th-in-bvstbm? {]t`m As-n {]-th-inbvp
Rm ]hn-{X\pw ip-\p-am-Is - , {]t`m'' ""Av Fs
hn{i-a-m-\a - m-Wv.'' Cuiz-c-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]n-emWv
a\p-jys BZiw. {]]--nse Fm hkvXp-fpw
A\-s Xnc- bp-I-bmWv; Fm a\p- jy-\p- am-{Xta ]c-
a-e-y-s-p-dnp [mc-Wb - p-p CXp Xs-bmWv a\p-
jy-tN-X-\bpw ap {]m]-n-I-]-Zm--fp-am-bn-p A-
-cw. bpK-bp-Km--c-f - mbn \S-p hnIm-k-]c - n-Wm-a-
p tij-amWv a\p-jy\v al-mb hnjz-]--Xn-sb-
p-dnv t_m[-apmbXv. A\- - ns Blzm-\-sf
Adn-bm Aht\ Ign-bq. Ah Xs-m-n-cn-bvp
kzo- b-]- Z-hn-bn- tebvp t_m[-]qw k-cn-bvp-Ibpw
sNp-p. ]c-{_w km-\mb Pohm-m-hn\p sNs
N P
12
m\p \nnX-e-y-am-Wv. K
CXv A-Xyw D-Xhpw ]q-hp-amWv Ghp-a[ - nIw
Bimkyamb BZi-am-Wv. Cmcyw ]e-hn- [-nepw
{]Xn-]m-Zn--s - n- pv . ""AXv hni-n\npw Zml-
n\npw k-S-n\npw ]cn-{`-a-n \npw
hm-Iy-n\n-pw arXyp-hn\npw tatebm-Wv.''
""hniz-N- p- mb kqcy AXyw Zqcp nXn
sNpp; Ip-Ip-m-Ip tcmK--sfmpw _m[n-
bv - p-an-. AXp t]mse-s AJn-e-{]m-W-nI-fnepw
IpSn-sIm-p Cu GIm-mhv Fm-n\npw AIp
kwkm-c- Zpx-J--sfmpw hym]n-bvmsX \nn-]X v -\mbn
\ne-sIm-p-p. \m\m-Xz-{]-]--n Pohn-bvp, Hcp
p{Zm-m-hn\v k-kzhpw ]W-b-s-Sp-p-I, tcmK-
pw IjvSm-\p-`-h-pw hnt[-b-\mbn hnp-
I, CsXms Xo-bmbpw \n`m-Ky-am-W.v km k-
bn-tep \bn-p Imc-W-sf Hgn-hm-pI a\p-jys
km[m-c-W-amb Dt-iy-am-Wv. \m\m-Xz-n \np GI-
Xz-n-tep aS-n-hc - nI Hcm-Zi-e-y-amWv; AXv ]c-
a-{]-[m-\h- p-am-Wv. AXp a\p-jymsI kwXr-]vXn-bp-f-
hm-p- p. ssXn-co-tbm-] -\n-j-n-\ - p-k-c nv AXv
v""{]mWm-cmaw a\ B\w imn-k-arw AarX''amWv.
""Poh\pw a\-n\w ktm-j-hpw, imn-bp-tS-bpw, \nXy-
X-bp-tSbpw ]q-X-bp-am-W.v \mw sImXnp ]nXp-Sp-
sIm-n-cn-p XmWXcw ey- PohnX ico-c-
tbpw am\-kn-I-amb B{K-l--sfbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-n-
sbp hcmw. Fm AsXmw CXn-eps-Spp; CXv
Ahsb AXn-ib - np \np-p. \psS apn Pohn-
X-nse hn`n--\n-e-I-\p-tbm-Py-amb ]e-Xcw kpJ-
-fp-apv; Poh-\i - n \Ip kpJw, C{n-bm-\p-`-h-
P-\y-amb kpJw, am\-kn-I-kp-Jw, _pn-]c - -amb kpJw
Ans\ ]e-Xpw. Fm Fm-nepw shv D-Xhpw
DIr-jvS-hp-amb kpJw "B\w' X-bm-W.v ''
kZm-Nm-c-Po-hn-X-s-n N XpS-cp--Xn-\p-ap-mbn
D]-\n- -jp-I-fnse Zi-\-]--Xn-bn kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-
Dm-Im-sa A`n-{]m-b-n-s-Xn-cmbn D-bn-bvp
Bt-]--sf-p-dnp hnNmcw sNbvXp-t\mmw. Fmw
Hm-sW-n kZm-Nm-c-]c - -amb _- Fn-s\-bm-
Wp-m-hpI Fsmcp tNmZyw s]mn-hc - m-dp-v. ]c-
{_w ]q-am-sW-n ]noSv AXns\ {]m]n-bvm-
\p {]b-X\ v
- ns Bh-iyw-X-s-bptm? H-s-Sepw
]c-kv]-c-t`-Zhpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X--fn auen-I-am-bn-p-s-
n ]ns \tmSv Abm-cs\ kvt\ln-bvm\pw
kvt\l-m kwkm-c-ns sFIyw t\Sm\pw ]d-bp-
-Xn-\an FmWv D]-\n-j - p-I Nqn-m-p--
Xv. Abm-cs\ kvt\ln-m \tmSv I]n-- -p
psneXv Fmw Xs Hscm bYm-k--bn
nXn-sN-p--Xp-sIm-m-W.v _mlyhpw An-c-hp-amb
hyXy-kvX-XIsf AXnhn-m Rm\pw Fs Ab
m-c\pw A-cm-m-hn Hp Xs-bm-Wv. ]q-ambp
\nXy-ambpw hnip-\pw _e- hm-\p-amb bmm-mhv tZi-
Im-em- Sn-m-\-n \S-p ]cn-h-\--fn \npw
tZi-Im- e--fn m\w- ]n-Sn-n-cn- p as-m-n \npw
AXo-X-\p-am-Wv. \mw kzw Pohn-X - nepw A\ycpsS

I Pohn-X-nepw GI-`mhw ImWpI FmWv XnI \-
tbm-Sp-IqSn Pohn-bvpI F-Xns Xm]cyw. km-\mb
Bmhv AXns kp-Nn-X-amb hyn-Xzs AXn-
hnp ]q-tmSp XmZmyw {]m]n-p-tmtg a\p-
jys [mn-Ik - z-`mhw Ftmgpw sImXn-p-sIm- n-cn-
p Cu BZiw \nd-th-m Ign-bq. tam-amw
Btm--Xn-bpsS amK-amWv; \mw kzw hyn-Xzs
AXn-hnv sNsn hn{iaw sImp bYm-k-
- bmWv AXyp--k- . B bYm k- sb-bmWv D]-
\n- j-p-I Dun- -d-bp-- X.v
a\p-jy-\n Cuiz-c-\p-sp ]d-bp--Xp-sImp
am{Xw Fm ]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\ - pw kam-]vXn-bmbn
Fw hcp-n-. Cuiz-c a\p-jy-\n-ep-sp Xo-
bm-Wv. ]t, a\p-jy\v A\-h-[m-\X - t- bmSpw ]pcp-j-{]-
b-Xv\hpw kwLjhpw IqSm-sX-bpw, ssIh-is - -Spn
\nm ]p hn[w {]Xy--cq-] - n-e Cuiz-c
a\p-jy-\n kmn[yw sImp-Xv; iIy-X-bpsS AYhm
kw`m-hy- X-bpsS \ne- m-Wv. in-sImpw {Inb-sImpw
Cuiz-cs\ ]nSn-s-Sp-t-Xv a\p-jys I-hy-am-Wv.
AXp sNm Ign-bn-s-n a\p-jy-s\ \nev I-
hy-NypXn hcp-p. a\p-jys Dn-ep Cuiz-c Hcp
kXy-kw-`h-sa t]mse-s Hcp Npa-X-e-bp-am-W.v Hcp
{]iv\-hp-amWv; Hcp ssIap-Xe - p-am-Wv. a\p-jy Xs
Am-\-m `uXn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ih - p-amb _mlym-h-
c-W--tfm-Sp-IqSn XmZmyw m]np-p. ]q-Xsb
{]m]nm-\p C Ahs km-X-tbmSv AYhm ]cn-
an-XntbmSv a-cnp-p. ""Pohm-mhv Znhy kv^penw-K-
-fm {]Im-inp-p-s-nepw AXv ]q-ambpw Znhy-
a-. At-l-ns ssZho-IX bYm-a-. ]q-Xsb
{]m]n-bvm D-tS-b - p Hco-iz-cmwiw am{X-am-W-X.v
Cp \ne-bn-eXv aX-cnbpw tZh-X-bp-amWv; ]Xnbpw
(Cu-iz-c) ]iphpw tNp-m-bXm-Wv. A\-oiz-c-X-
Xzs Cmbva sNemWv [-im-kv{X-ns Npa-
Xe; AXns\ \in-n-p-sIm-; ssZhoI in-sIm-
-Xns\ ]qcn-n-p-sImv.'' {]Ir-XnbpsS km-amb
ss]Xr-I-n-t bpw B-k --bpsS A\---fmb
BZi-f - p-tSbpw CSbvv \np sshcpyamWv
a\p-jy. Ah\v {]Ir-Xn-bp-sS -hn-irw-J-e- X-Xz-sf Cuiz-
c-k--bn-tebvv Xmgvn-sm-p-hv Xs Pohn-X-
eyw km[nm {]b-Xv\n-t--Xm-bn- p- v. Xs eLp
Pohn-Xs aqSnb HmSv s]mnv t{]a-n-ep-cpIn Znhym-
m-hn-t\mSp tNsm-m-bn-o-cp-I-bmWv a\p-jys
e yw. km - n- t bpw A \- - n- t - b p- a n- S v
kwLj-kz-cq-]a - mbpw, ssZho Bkpco XXz-n-S-
bn kw{Km-ak - z-cq-]-ambpw hn-p a\pjy Pohn-
Xs kw_-n-t-S-tmfw [-im-kv{X-kw-_--amb
{]iv\-v AXyw {]m[m-\y-apv. kwLj-n\p
thn P\n-h - \
- mWv a\p-jy. FXn-\p-`-h-s-Sp-X
hsc Ah\v B-Zi\w e`np-Ib - n-.
B-k m- mm-c -a mWv [-i m-k v{ X- ns
BZiw. B-m-\-]qI-amb kz`m-h-amWv kZm-Nm-
c-kz-`m-hw. Bm-sh--Xn\v Fm-cw Zu-eyhpw
kwkvm-c-l m-\ n-b p-a p-, kzm-io-e hpw eLp-X z-
N P
13
hpap, C{n-bm-\p-`-hw-sIm-p "Rm' F Xm]- K
cy-sa-n, hyn-]c - -amb kzm-ns Fm-Xcw _-
-\ - -fn \npw ap-\mb a\p-jy-s AKm-[k - z-cq-
]-amWv Dn-jvSm-sa-n ap]-d hymJym\w icn-
bm-W.v arKo-bm-m-hns hmk-\-Ifpw hnIm-c--fpw, Al-
m-c-ns Pohn-X-hym-]vXnsb Npcp-p-p. AXp-sIm--
hsb \ntcm-[np \nt--Xp-v. Bm-hns D-
Xnbvpw AXyp--X-k--bpsS kmmm-c-n\pw
thn XS---tfbpw FXn-cmb kzm[n-\-i-n-I-tfbpw
HXpn \nt- n- b n- cn- p- p. [mnI PohnXw
m\m--Ihpw X-kw-K-X-hp-am-Wv. AXp tIhew
kl-P-hm-k-\-I- fp-tSbpw C{n-bm-\p-`-h--fp-tSbpw Pohn-
X-a- . ""Bm-hns\ ico-c-am-Ip cY-n nXn-sN-
p bP-am-\\ - m-b-dn-bp-I, _pnsb tXcm-fn-bmbpw a\-
ns\ ISn-m-Wm-bpw, C{n-b-sf IpXn-c-I-fm-bpw, C{n-
b-hn-j-b-sf cY-ho-Yn-I-fmbpw Adn-p-sIm-p-I. C{n-
b-fpw a\pw tN Pnh-m-hns\ hnth-Ii - m-en-I
t`mm-shp ]d-bp-p Fm Zp-e\pw hnth-I-iq-
\y-\p-amb hyn-bpsS C{n-b- Ah-sm-Xp-n-\n-
evp-n-. Ahs C{n-b- tXcm-fn-bpsS hnd-fn-p-
Xn-c-I-sf-tmse \nb-{Ww hntm-Sp-p. hnth-Inbpw ZrV-
Nn--\p-amb hy-nbpsS C{n-b- tXcm-fn-bpsS A\p-
k-c-W-i o-e-cmb IpXn-cI - -sf-tmse kp\n-b -{- -fm-bn-cn-
bvpp. m\-lo-\\pw hnNm-c-iq-\y\pw A]-hn-{X-\p-
am-b-h Hcn-epw Aar-XXzw {]m]np-I-bn; A`u-Xn-
Im-h--bnepw Fp-I-bn-. Ah hopw hopw P\-
\- a - c - W - N - { I- - f n IpSp- n- - d - p- p. Fm
m\nbpw hnth-I-im-enbpw ]cn-ip--\p-am-b-h hopw
P\-\-a-cW - -N-{I-n-tep aS-n-h-cm kpc-n-Xm-h-
sb {]m]n-p-p.'' B{K-l - -fpsS ISn-m-Wn-m
Hms XSp-t--Xp-v. Npm ]nSnp-Xv B{K-l-
-fm-sW-n Bm-hn I s]mfn-Xv Xo! a\p-
jy-Po-hn-X-ns [w AX-s-Xp Xs Imc-Ww.
X-bpn \nt-inp BZis \mwkzo-I-cnp-
n-s-n, IqSp-X Db-X-c-n-ep Hcp [mn-I-
\n-b-as ssIsm-p-n-s-n, \psS PohnXw
ey-ln-\hpw Dt-iy-c-ln-X-hp-amb arK-Po-hn-X-n\v Xpey-
am-bn-tm-Ipw. kvt\lnpw shdp-pw, Dt-iyhpw Imc-
Whpw IqSmsX ]c-kv]cw Bt-jnpw Ipn-smpw
A\n-b-X-ambn Xncp ]nSn PohnXw \bn-p-sIm-n-cn-
bv pw. kptJm-]-t`m-K-n-ep cks Fm-n\pw
eyam-bn--W - m-p--]w \psS PohnXw a\p-
tjym-Nn-Xa - - m hn[-n [-Nyp-Xa - mbn Zpjnp
t]mIp-p. arK- X-fpsS kl-P-hm-k-\I - sf D]-
tbm-Knp coXn-bn Xs-bmWv a\p-jy _pn-bp-
s Imc-W-m am{Xw arK-kz-`m-h-n \np Hpw
Db-cp-n. euIn-I- ]Zm-sf tZh-X-If - mbn KWn-
- p- p-Xpw Bcm-[n-p-Xpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-If - m-Wv. ""Ctm
hntcm-N\ - Xs Nn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a - n kwXr-]vX-
\m-bn. Akp-c-m-cpsS ASp-p tNv Ahp-]-tZiw
\evIm XpS-n. tIhew ico-c[mcn-bmb Bm-hn-s\-
bmWv ]qPntXv. AXn-s\--s-bmWv tkhnt--
Xv. ico-cs ]qPnpw AXns tkh-\ - n apgp-Inbpw
 14

I Ign-bp--h\v Cl-tem-Ihpw ]c-tem-Ihpw cpw {]m]vX- \pw-Xs AXp \app Fn-p-Xc K

- m-\m-hn-. \mw km-
am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Zm\w sNm--h\pw Cuiz-c-hn- h-k vXp-sf tXSp-p; Ah \app e`n-p-p-ap-v.
izm-k-an-m--h\pw bw A\-jvTn-bvm--h-\p-amb Fm Ah-bn kr-]vXn-bn-, AJn-e-hn-iz-sbpw
Hcp a\p-jys\ Ah Ctmgpw Akp-c-s\p ]d-bp- \mw B{I-anp Iog-SnFp hcmw; Atmgpw Iog-S-m-
p. ImcWw CsXmw Akp-c-m-cpsS knm--am-Wv.'' \mbn C\nbpw hniz--fp-m-bn-tm Fv tJZnv s\Sp-
C-s\-bmWv \psS PohnXw \bn-bv-s-Sp-s - X-n honSpw. ""Ah FhnsS Fn-tmepw Ahn-Spp
AXv \njv^-e--fmb Bi-Ipw `b-pw hnt[- Apdw t]mIm- \ m- { K- l n- p- p. BI- i - p- X s
b-a m- b n- cn- b v pw. ""hnth- I -] q-a mb Pohn- X - n sNsn Fp- shpI Ahn-Sppw At- p-d-tbvv
sFIyhpw kmwK-Xyhpw kv]jvS-ambn ImWm Ign-bpw. t]mIm sImXnpw'' \-fn A[n-I] - w Bfp-Ifpw
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns hnhn-[-`m-K - fpw {Ia-_--am-bn-cn- ""[\-k--ns am-n-emWv Ncn-bvp--Xv. Fm-em-
bvpw. Hcp--Xm-Zis A`n-hy-RvPn-n-p--Xp-am-bn-cn- h-gn-bnshv ]ecpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.''C{n-b-hn-j-b--
bvpw. Xbp-n- bpsS kYm-\v C{n- b- - fmWv \s fpsS Zmkyw hln-p-sImpw _mly-k--p-I-tfmSv Hn-
\bn-p-I-sb-n hnIm-c - fpw hmk-\I - fpw An-ca - - bn-cppw \mw kXym-m-hns\ ImWmsX t]mIp-p. ""[\-
t\m-hr-n-Ifpw am{Xw {]Xn-^-en-n-bvp Hcp ImSn m-sem-cp-\pw kpJn-X-\m-Im Ign-bn-.'' ""[\-tam-l-
am{X-am-bn-cnbvpw \psS Pohn-X w. ]c-kv]c - -_--an- m aqV-\mb bphm-hns ZrjvSn-bn ]c-temI Nn
m NnX-dnb kw`-h--fpsS Hcp Ne am{X-amb DZn-bvp-t-bn-. "CXp-X-s-bmWv temIw, asmcp temI-
PohnXw sImv Hcp {]tbm-P\ - h - p-an-. AXn\v \nln- an' Fh Nnnp- p. C-s \-b -h hopw
bv m Hcp Imcy-hp-an-. t\Sm-s \mcp ey-hp-an- . hopw arXyp-hns ]nSn-bn s]Sp-p.'' ""Aar-XX - z-sa-
hnthI ]q-amb Hcp Pohn-X - n- Hmtcm I-]c - n- s--dn-bp m\n-I Ch-nsS-bp A\n-Xy-h-kvXp-
]m-Snbpw AwKo-I -cn-s -Sp--X n\p apv BZy-ambn -fn \nXy-h-kvXpsh tXSp-n'' Cuiz-c-\n\n-p-hn-
XbpnbpsS tImSXn apmsI sIm-p-hcpw; D- tbmKw {]m]n a\p-jy ITn-\-Zpx-J-a-\p-`-hn-p-p, Cuiz-
X-eyw {]m]n-bvm AXn\v Ign-hptm Fv ]cn- c- t\m- Sp tN-sIm--msX asmp sImpw Ahs
tim-[npw DNn-X-am-sWv Im Pohm-m-hns\ kzoI- lrZ-b-ns hnip ianp-I-bn-. BZi-kp--chpw
cnbvpw'' If-t- a-im-hn[w ]hn-{Xhpamb Hcp ksb {]m]n-
temI-tmSp \nkzm-`-n-bp Pohn-Xw-X-s- m thn-bp Bm-hns AXn-c B{K-l-sf
bmWv hnth-I-]q-amb Pohn-Xw. Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m- tZi-Im-em-h-[n-bp-Xpw C{n-b- _---fp-amb ]Zm--
hns Awiw am{X-am-sWpw ]c-am-m-hns Imcy-sam- sf-smp \nd-th-m-\m-hn-, A\y-k-tbmSp t{]a-
gnv Pohm-m-hn\v bmsXmcp kzm-Xm]-cy-hp-an- n-eqsS Hcp ]c-a-tbm-K y-k -sb {]m]n-bv m-\ p
spw X-_pn \s D]-tZ-in-p-p. C{n-bm-\p-`- BZiw Is- m B{K-lnp--h ]e-cp-ap- v.
h-tm-Sp-IqSnb thdn Pohn-Xa - p-s hnNmcw Ah Fm B A\-\y-k tZi-Im-em-h-[n-I-fp a\p-jym-
ssIsbm- gn-mam-{Xta `mKy-n-tbpw Nm]-ey- ntbpw m- hm-Ip-t- S-tmfw Ah-cpsS BZiw Hcn-epw {]m]n-
_-\-n \n-h apn t\Sp-Ib - p-p. Pohm-mhv m Ign-bn-, asmcp am\-hk - -p-n kv{Xobm-
kzm-Imcy sNbvXpsNbvXv HSp-hn Xm kzbw Inepw ]pcp-j - \ m-
I nepw ku- cy-n-tbpw t{]a-n-
Dm-nb IpSp-ns-p-t]m-Ip-p. hopw hym]-I-amb tbpw ]q- c q]w Xnc-b p- Xv Xs-m hn-e - m-
hnizm--Po-hn-X-n A[n-Imcw Ah-Im-is - -Sm-dm-Ip-- Ipw. ]q- X b
- psS kmmmcw \nXy- nte km[y-
Xp-h sc AtX-] Sn _- -\ n InS-t - n-h -cp- p. am-Iq. CXn-m-It kwkm-c-n \npw kmwkm-cn-I-[-
Ccw klm-\ p-` q-X n-b psS amw Fm-hp-a mbn \-k--p-I-fn\npw _-apn Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]]-
Xpdp shn-cn-bvpp; AXv B-hn-kvar-Xn-bn-tev -ssh-cm-Ky-n -Zpx-Jt- am-N\w t\Sn-bn-cp--h BZy-
\bn-p--Xp-amWv'' Imew apXt-bp-v. ]p{X-I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-tfbpw mh-c-Pw-
K-a-h-kvXp--tf-bp-ap-t]-nv `nmw-tZ-ln-I-fmbn \nkz-
""A\w B\--a-b-amWv; km-]-Zm--fn B\-
X-bnepw Pohn-Xip-n-bnepw tamw t\Sm-sa B{K-l-
-an-.'' bm-hIy k-kzhp-ap-t]-np Imn-
tmsS Krl--fn \nn-d-n-n-cn--h [mcm-fap-m-
tebvp ]pd-s-Sp ka-bp Xs kp apgph
bn-cp- p. Krl--Po-hn-X-tm-Sp _--f-dp-n-d-nb
]Xv\n-am-cmb ImXym-b-\npw ssat{X-bnpw `mKn-p- sIm-
Cu X]-kzn-k-ap-Zm-b-amWv _u-cpsS {ia-W{- ]-m-\-
Sp-m-s\m-cp-n. ssat{X-bnv Xms\p sN-W-sap
n\v hgn sXfn-bn--Xv. XymK-]q-amb PohnXw tam-
tXmn-bn-. Ah Xs Kmly kma-{K-ln-In-S-
n-\p apJy-am-ambn AwKo-Icnbvs-p.
bn-en-cpp AXy--Zpx-Jt- msS ]pdsa Imn-tebvp
t\mm XpS-n. A-h Dt-iy-c-ln-X-ambn hn{i-a-an- D]-\n-j- p- kZm-Nm-c-Po-hn-X-ns B`y-c
msX _-sp tPmen-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cp Hcp km[p- kz`m-h--fn \njvj sNep-m\pw BNm-c-n-s
a-\p-jys\ Ipsd KpW-tZm-jn-p. km-]-Zm-sf D]- t{]cI kz`m-h-n\v AXyw {]m[m\yw Iev]nm-\p-
I-c-W-am-n-smp \msa-s-n-ep-samv km[nm an-Sb - m-bn. ]pdsa ImWp B\p-cq-]y-s-mfpw B-
{ian-m AXns hn]-co-X-^e - -am-Wp-m-hpI, \psS c-amb ]cn-ip-n-bmWv {][m-\w. D]-\n-j - p-I "tamn-
A-cm- mhv bYm-k- r- ]X v n-p-thn sImXn-p-sIm- -cpXv' "sIm-cpXv' Fp am{X-a ]d-bp--X.v ""Zqsc ]nSn-
n-cnpp; Fm A\--n\np \yq\-amb Hn- bv-cpXv'' ""Bscbpw shdp-c - pXv t{Im[-n\pw Zphn-

N P

I Im-c-pw Zpcm-{K-l-pw hio-`q-X-\m-I-cpXv'' Fpw
{]Jym-]n-bvp-p-v. a\-mZyw ]cn-ip-a - m-Ww; th
An-s\- s\nn hr-ns Ce-I am{Xw apdn-
p-I-f-b p--X p-sImp t{]mP-\-sam- p-a n-. BN-c-W -
ns ta \n-bnp-Xv hnj-bnsb kw_-n
(A[n-Im-cn-IX - ) tbmKy-Xbpw XymK-ns am{Xbpw ]cn-
K-Wn-m-W.v
ka-kvX-hn-izhpw a\p-jym-m-hn-s\-tm-se-s ]c-
am- m-h n \nv D-h n-X - mbn \mw a\- n-em--W-
samWv D]-\n-j - p- A\p-im-kn-p-X - .v t{]a-kz-
cq-]-\m-Wo-iz-c. Cuiz-cs\ kvt\ln-pI B\--am-Wv,
Cuiz-c-t\mSp t{]a-an-m-Xn-cn-pI ZpxJ-ImcW-am-Wv. ]c-
am-m-hn-t\m-Sp t{]a-m m\hpw Aa-c-Xzhpw
knn-bvp-p. Cuiz-c-t\m-Sv t{]a-an-m-Xn-cp-m kwi-
b-{`aw ZpxJw arXyp Ch-bv n-cb - m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm
bYm-aX-fnepw ktm--X-amb Cu Bibw
ImWmw. ""F\n-s-Xn-cmbn ]m]w sNp-h - kzw
Bm-hn-s-Xn-cmbn sXp sNp-p. Fs shdpp--
h-scmw arXypsh kvt\ln-p-p.'' ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy
B-Lm-Xn-bm-Wv. A-c - msc ""B-lt\m P\mx''
FmWv D]-\n-j-p-I hnfnp-X - v.
kzm-amb Fm {]b-X\ v --tfbpw XyPn-m D]-
\n-j-p-I \s t{]cn-np-p. Fm Fm Xm]-
cy-fpw Dt]-n-t--Xn-. Alw-`m-h-n \n-Ip
\nm\pw Cuiz-c-t\mSp kwbp-c - mbn \nm-\p-
amWv D]-\n-j-p-I Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. Hcm-Zi-b-Xnv
B{K-l--fp-mIpw; Ah kzm-]-c-am-hn-s-t-bp-p.
""C-bn-m--h-\pw, C-bn \nv AXo-X-\pw, Cm-
]qn-h - h - \
- pw, Bm-hns\ Cn-p-h - \pw {_-
am- bn-cp- p-sIm-p-Xs {_s {]m]np-p.'' \tmSv
Dt]-n-bvm ]d-bp Imaw bYm-n C-b-.
AXv tIhew arK-k-l-P-amb B{K-l-am-Wv, Ima-hm-k-\-
bmWv; arK-cq-]-\mb a\p-jys C{n-bm-tem-ep-]-X-bm-Wv.
Ima-n \np kzmX{yw t\Sm\pw imkv{X- D]-
tZ-in-bvp-p. ]t CXp shdpw \njv{In-b-X-bm-hn-.
Ima-n-t-bpw- Zp-cm-{Kln-tbpw \njvTpcim-k-\-n
\npw _mly-h-kv X p- -fpsS BIj-I -tim-` -I -fn
\npw apn t\Sm kl-P-hm-k-\m-P-\y-amb D-Sm-
`n-em---fpsS kqnbn \npw apn t\Sm
\tm-S-\p-im-kn-p-p-v. bYm-amb Csb \ntcm-
[n-n-n-. AsXmw hnj-bs B{ibn-n-cn-p-p. Hcp
a\p-jys sImXn amwk-ku--cy-n-se-n Ah hy`n-
Nm-cn-bm-bn-ocpw; kp-c-h-kvXp--fn-em-Wm-{K-l-sa-n
Ah Iem-Im-c-\mbncnpw; Cuiz-c-\n-em-sW-n Ejn-
bm-bn-o-cpw. tam-nepw m\-n-ep-ap B{K-l-
n\p {]map Jyw Iev]n-n- cnp-p. C-Isf kXy-sapw
anYysb pw cmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-n-cn-bvp-p. \tmSv
ktXy--If - n ]p-tN-cm Bh-iy-s-Sp-p. Hcp \Nn-
tI-X - ns ]nXr-`-nbpw [-\n-jvTbpw Hcp kmhn-
{Xn-bpsS Zr-Vt- {]-ahpw ]Xn `nbpw Zqj-Wa - -. krjvSn-
Im-hns "Ima'n\p C-sb-m-Ww. ""Rm
At\-I--fm-bn-o-cs F-h B{K-lnp (A-Im-ab - -
X)'' ]c-ta-iz-c\pw Cn-p-p-sh-n \ap-s-p-sIm--
N P
15
`n-am-\w, tcmjw, Ima-hm-k\ apX-emb hnIm-c K
- sf Hgn-
bvm \tmSv \nt-in-n-p-v. Fm t{]a-ns
tIma-fh - n-Im-c--fmb ka-kvt\-lhpw A\p-I-bpw Hgn-
hm--W-sap ]d-n-n-. B-km-mm-c-n- \mbn
X]-p-sN--W-sav D]-\n-j-p--fn-e - n-mbn \nt-
i- ImWm-sa- Xv icn-bm- W.v Fm X]-n\p B-
i-n-bpsS hnIm-kw, ico-c-Zm-ky-n\nv Bm-hns
tamN-\w, a\-ns Kw`o-cN - n-, a\-ns\ kzbw i-
am-pI Fsm-am-Ww; ""bmsXm-cm-fpsS X]p
m\-a-b-am-sW- n'' PohnXw Hcp atlm--h-am-Wv. AXn-
tep bn-s--h-cmWv \msa-mw. AhnsS \apv
X]tm B-Xym-Ktam Zm\tam HuZm-cytam B-
htam kXy-amb hyh-lm-ctam Alnw-ktbm ap--hsc
thZ-\n-n-m-Xn-cn-tem kXy-h-N-\tam {]Zin-n-mw.
X]v As-n XymKw-sImv tZymXn-n--s-Sp-Xv
\nc-t]--`m-h-am-Wv. ""Iw sImtm k-Xn-sImtm
k-p-sImtm A XymKw- sIm-mWv Aa- cXzw {]m]n-
m Ign-bp-Xv'' Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n ""{im X]''
{i-XsbmWv X]-sp ]d-n-cn-p-p. _mly-]-
Zm--fpsS _-tam-N-\-n-\mbn Hcm h\m-c - -
nse GIm--X-bn-te-smpw t]mtI--Xn-. kmwkm-
cn-I-]-Zm--fp-am-bp Ah-in-jvS_w s]s--dp-
p-I-f-bm thn GIm--hm-k-n\p in-Iq-p-Itbm
X]-p-sN-p-Itbm th-Xn-. ""XymK-tm-Sp-IqSn A\p-
`-hnpsImpI'' (tX\ Xyt\ `pRvPo-Ymx) Fp
Cutim-]\ - n-j-n ]d-n-p-v. Cu kmwkm-cn-Ia - mb
[\-k--p-I-fp-tSbpw kma-{K-nI-fp-tSbpw A\-Im-cn-
bmb `mcw-sImp \mw Ip\n--a-cm-sX-bm-bmte \ap-o-
P-K-n-se-B-\--am-kz-Zn-m Ign-bq. tem`-n\pw Zpcm-
{K-l - n\pw \mw Xotc m\w \Im-Xn-cnp ]w
\apo temI-n cmPm- - m-sc-tmse hmgmw. \p-
sS- kmw-km-cn-I-amb kpJm-\p-`-hn\p \psS \n-
\-Xz-hp-ambn {]Xy- -amb A\p-]m-Xa - p-.v XymK-ns
t`Z-`m-hs - -D-q-e\w sNpI F A-nepw \nc-
t]- -t{]-a hnI-k n- n-pI F A-nepw,
Fm kXy-a-X--fp-tSbpw kmc-XX - z-am-W.v
`mc-Xob XXz-hn-Nmcn sshZn-I-Im-e-n-\p-tijw
Hcp ]cn-h-\-ap-m-bn. AY-th-Z - ne sshcm-Ky-
hmZw Imc-W-ambn cl-ky-hm-Z-{]-m-\-n\p in IqSn.
EtKz-Z- nse Ep-I-fpsS cN\ \S Imep kpJ-
t`m-K--fpsS Imcy-n kz--X-bp-m-bn-cp-p. a\p-jym-
m-hns kl-P-amb [mn-I`- m-h\ in-s-p. D]-\n-
jIm-e-am- b-tm C{n-b- -fpsS B{I-a-W- n-s-Xnsc
kv]jvv-S-ambn i_vZa - p-bp. CSbvnsS B{I-anv D]-
{Zhw sNp hnj-b-hm-k-\p hg-n-smv Bm-
hn-n-\nbpw ZpxJnm h Fm-bn. Fm ]nm-
ev icocs Zln-n-pI apX-emb A-k-{-Zm-b-
tN {`mssh-cm-Ky-n\v hp-s] At[m-
KXn D]-\n-jIm-ev Cu k-kw-K] - c
- n-Xym-K
- n\p
t\cn- tS-n-h-n-. _p-a-X-s- tm-se-s `c-Zzm-P\pw
kmwkm-cn-I-Po-hn-X-tbpw sshcm-Ky-tbpw Hcp-t]mse
{]Xn-tj-[n-p-p-v. AXnhn lT-hm-Z-ns ]mc-ay-
n-se-nb Cu sshcm-Ky-hmZw bYm-Xym-Ks

I kqNn-n-p H; AsXmcp {]Im-c-n kzm-]-
c-Xzw-X-s-bm-sWp \w ]d-bpw. Hcm-fpsS Bhv temI-
nse asm Bm-fpw IqSn-bmepf-f-Xn-t\-
t{ijv T-Xc- -am-sWp IcpXn GI--tam--n-\p- thn
sNp {ia- Hcn-epw Bm-hns bYm-\-{a-
X-bpsS {]I-S-\-a-. \mw Iw sNWw; Fm A\m-
k- - a mbn sNWw FmWv D]- \ n- j - p- I
\njvIjn-p-Xvv. {]]--XymKw sNbvXv hn`P-\ - -
etm k\ym-kn-a-T - ntem hn{i-an-p--h-\ [mn-
I kwkm-c-ns Pohnp kmwkm-cn-Ih - -kvXp-
sf kvt\ln-p-sImp X\n-bvp-th-n-b-m-sX, Ah-
bn-e-n-ln-X-amb A\- - n\p thn, Ah-bn
Kp]vX-am-bn-cnp hn`q-hn-\p-t hn kv t\ln-p-sImv
Ign-bp--h-\mWv [mn-Ia - \- p-jy. Abmsf kw_-
n-t-St- mfw Cuiz-cs alXzw \ncp-]m-[n-I-amWv;
asm ]Zm-pw ]q-X-bn-te-bvp hml-\-
AYhm Cuiz-c-\n-te-bvp am- F \ne-
bn kmt]--amb al-Xz-hp-ap-v. A\p-jvTn--s-Sp
Fm I-hy--fpw, hyn-]-c-amb bfpw XymK-
fpw B-k m- mm- c- n\p klm- b n- p- p.
\app ]nXm- - m-cm-Imw. Fs-m kp-Nn-X-amb
hyn-Xz-n\np AXo-Xa - mbn \nm\pw IqSp-X
al-mb Dt-iy-f - p-ambn kzbw XmZmyw {]m]nm-
\pap am-am-W-Xv. Znhy t{]a-ns \ng-emWv am\-
ht{]aw. \app kzw ]Xv\ nsb kvt \ln-b vmw.
Fn\p thn ? Fm hkvXp--fp-tSbpw lrZ-b-n
Pzen-bv p B\- - n\p thn. ""bYm-n
`mhv {]nb-\m-IpXvv `m-hn-\p-th-n-b-. Bm-
hn-\p-thn BWv `mhv {]nb-\m-Ip--Xv.'' Fp D]-
\n-jp ]d-bp-p. Cu Imcyw Xs CS-ap-dn-bmsX `mcy,
]p{X-m, cmPy-, {_m-W - -{Xn-b-Pm-Xn-I, temI-
hn-`m-K-, tZh-m, kPoh krjvSn-I, hym]-I-amb
hnizw Fo hkvXp-sf Bhn-m-hn-p-Zm-l-cnv
Dd-n-bvp-p. Ah-sbmw Ahbvp thnb \nXy-
k--bvp-th-n-bmWv Cu kwkm-c-n nXn-sN-p-
-Xv. kmwkm-cn-I-]-Zm-sf ]m]-n-\p Cc-bm-bn-
Znhym-\--{]m-]X v n-p am--fm-bn-mWv krjvSn-n-
p--X v. \psS hoWw bYm-am-bm \app
kp apX-emb sFiz-cy--fp-m-hp-I-bm-bn. ""XtXm
ta {inb-am-hl'' (A-Xn-\p-tijw F\nbvv [\w sImp
hcp). kwkvIm-cl - o-\\v [\w Hcp Xn-bmWv; Fm
hnth-In-bv-n-s\-b Fp i-c \nt-inp-p.
{]Xy--n AssZ-hn-I-am-b n-tm-p {]m]-nI
hkvXp- [mn-I-\mb Bm-hn\p \nc- -ca - p
shp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. Bmhv Ah-bpsS kzX-{-\n-et- bmSv
Gp s]mcp-XWw; Ahsb ssZhn-I-i-n-bpsS {]I-S-ambn
amp-Ibpw thWw. Ah Cu A\m-k-` - m-h-n
Fm I-fpw sNp-p. ""Ak-t\m \nn-]X v t\m
BhpI F-Xns Xm]cyw Bm-hns\ {]]--
tmSp tNp sInb Fm sIp-Ifpw Agnp ap-
\m-hpI, `qa-WvU-e-nse Hcp ]Zm-tbpw B{i-
bn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, `uXn-I] - Z- --fn-tebvp Nmbm-Xn-cn-
pI Fs-m-amWv. ap--h \s-n Fp-]-d-bpp
Fp hnNm-cnp-p. \s-sm-sp sNn-m-\m-{K-
N P
16
ln-bvp-p, CXn-sempw {in--cp-Xv. Hcp tbmmhv K
]S--f-n apt-dp--t]mse Nntbm `mhn-hn-Nm-ctam
IqSmsX kzw I-hy- \n-ln-p-I. Hcp [mn-
I-Im-cy-n-\p-thn k-kz-XymKw sNt-n-h-cp-tm
X-fpsS ta, BZ-ch - v, bi-v, A\p-Iq-e-]cnX-n-Xn,
kpJkuIcy- , a\p-j y-t \m-Sp-f f kvt \l-_ w
Chsb Hpw Imcy-am-m-Xn-cn-p-I.'' Cu Bo-b-kw-
Lj-n\v imco-cn-Ia - mb Nne Hcp-- sNm D]-
\n-j - p-I \s t{]cn-n-p-p-v. iuNw, D]-hm-kw,
C{n-b-\n-{Klw GIm--hmkw apX-em-bh imco-cn-Ii - p-
nv AXym-hi - y-ambn hn[n-s-n-cnp- p. ""Fs
icocw kptbm-Ky-am-Is - , Fs Pnlz AXyw a[p-c-am-
I-s. sNhn-sImv Rm Ghpw A[nIw tIp-am-dm-
Is'' CXns Xm]cyw ico-cs Hc-hj - vSw-`-amtbm
Bm-hn\p Hcp `mc-amtbm IcpXn Xnc-kv-cn-t--
Xn Fm-Wv. ico-c-ns ipo-I-cW - tam C{n-b--
fpsS tamN-\tam a\-ns hnIm-ktam Hpw-Xs B-
]o-U-tbmSp _-ap--X-. {_-Ncyw ]men-p--ht
{_-tem-I-{]m-]X v n-bp-mIq Fp hopw Omtm-tKym-
]-\n-j -n ]d-b -s - n-cnp- p. {_-N cyw Hmtcm
hnZymnbpw Kpcp-h ns ASp- hnZym- [ y-b \w
sNp Ah-k-c-n ]men-bvt-p kz`m-h-\n-b-{-
W-amWv. AXv kwkm-c-XymKtmSp- Iq- Snb X]tm sshcm-
Kytam A. Fs-m AtX D]-\n-j - n Viii 5
{_-N-cys bRvPm-\p-jvTm-\-n\p Xpey-ambn ]d-n-
cn-bvp-p. CXp {_-Nc - ys kwkm-c-\n-hr-n-sbp
sXmbn hymJym-\n-m-Xn-cn-m-\p Hcp XmoXp \In-
bn-cnp-I-bm-sWp tXmpw. icocw Bm-hns tkh-
I-\m-Wv. Imcm-Kr-la -
- . PohnXw a\v tNX\ _pn
apX- em-b-hsb \mw XyPn-p- I-f-b-W- sa kqN-\-I-sfmpw
D]-\n-j-p-I-fn-en-. adnp Cuiz-c A-cy-an-bm-sW
knmw CXn-s-Xn-cmb Hcp \n-b-n-te-bvmWv
\s \bn-bvp-X - v.
bYm-aX - - ns `mhm-th-i - n Dun- \np-
-Xp-sImp am{Xw D]-\n-j - p-I Xr]vXn-s-Sp- -n.
Ah \apv Hcp I-hy-kw-lnX IqSn Hcpn shn-cn-
bvpp; AXn-m-m [mn-Im-Ziw hniz-kn-p-Iq-
Sm hgn-Im-n- bm-bn-tm-Ipw. Fm BNm-c{Ia- fpw hnIm-
c--fpsS \nb-{-Whpw _pn-bpsS k-m-[n-]-Xy- hpap,
kzm-]-c-amb hyn- Xz-ns kp-Nn-X- Xz-n \np
apn t\Sn BtmIj-n-tebvp \bnp-, al-
mb Znhy-]--Xn-bn ]m-fn-I-sf \nebvv \msamw
\nc-cw {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Fm BNm-cc - q-]-
fpw [mn-I--fmWv; CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bh A[m
n-I - -fpw, B-kw-b-ahpw DZm-c-Xbpw Icp-Wb - p-amWv
kKp-W-. hepssI sNp-Xv CS-pssI Adn-
b- cpXv F XXzw Cu hmIy- fn {]I- Sn- npp. ""{i-
tbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w sN-Ww, A{i--tbm-Sp-IqNn Zm\w sN-
cp-Xv, [mcmfw Zm\w sN-Ww, e-tbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w
sNWw. `b-tmsS Zm\w sN-Ww, klm- \p-`q-Xn- tbmsS
Zm\w sNWw'' OtmtKym]-\n-j-n (Viii17) X]-v,
Zm\w, B-hw, Alnw-k, kXy-k-X Fn-hb - mWv
kZm-Nm-c-cq-]- -fmbn ]d-b-s-n- cnp--Xv. GsX- nepw arK-
 17

I kr-jvSnsb lnwkn-bvm aSn-p-Xpw, \mbm-Sn-n-Sn I-k--sb-m-tfsd bmYmyam-Wv. X]-kznsb kw_- K

apbn-Sm-hn-s\-smn hyk\w tXmp--Xpw, Cs n-t-S-tmfw Bm-hn\pw ico-c-n\pw ISn-\-amb ]cn-
Nnm-KX - n-bn AXn-i-m-ep--fmb kv{XoP-\ - v io-e\w ITn-\-amb km[-\- -hn-[n-n-p-v. AXp knn-
tN hnIm-c-Zu_-ey-am-tbmw. Fm D]-\n-j-p- - ht Ccw BZi- Po- hnXw \bn-bvm-\m-hq. \njvIr-
I-fn arK-kr-jvSn-Isf kvt\lnp-Xv Hcp-a [- jvS-amb ]cn-ip-nbpw AIn--\-Xzhp-amWv X]-kzn-bpsS
ambn KWn-s-Sp-p. `qap-J - p `mc-Xob [-im- PohnXs `cn-t-X - v. Ab a-hkv{Xw [cn-bv-
kv{X-ns kma-\y-cq-]-am-Wv. \mbm-n-mbn Hcp am\ns\ Ww. incp apWvU\w sNbvXv sXcp-hp-sXn `Ww
sImp-Xpw hnt\m-Z - n\p am{Xw Hsc-ensb D]-{Z-hn- bmNn-bv-Ww. Bm-hn\p hn\bw hcp-m-\p D]-I-
p-Xpw A]-cm-[a - m-Wv. hnIm-c - sf Pbn-m Nne c-W--fm-Wn-h. \nXy-\n-bX-fmb {]m-\-Ifpw D]-hm-
tm khn-ti-j-amb B-\n-b-{Ww hn[n-p-p-v. k-fpw A\p-jvTn-bvpI hgn Bm-hn\v \nXym-\ - ]
- -
`mc-X ob Nn-I-m a\v ico-cs B{i-bn- n-cn- Z-hn-bn-te-p-b-cp-hm Ign-bp-p. hnip-nbpw hn\-bp-am-
bvpp F hnizm-k-ap--h-cmWv; AXp-sIm--h a\- sWmcp X]-kznsb alm-\m-n-op-Xv; Ipi-e-\mb
ns ]cn-ipn Bh-iy-am-sWp \nt-in-pp. hmk- Hcn-{-Pm-e - m-cs ssIb-S - -n-ep kmaytam
\-I-fpsS \nb-{Ww kztbm \St-Xm-Wv. AXv hmtXm-m-Z - mcs kz]v\w ImWm-\p Ignthm A.
kw`m-hy-as - -n \n-a - mbn \nb-{nepw Nne- Imaw, t{Im[w, hmk-\, C Fnh hnp-bv ip-\m-
tm ]Xn-hp-v. X]v AYhm \n-a - mb hk\m bn-cnp--Xp-sIm-mWv X]kzn alzw t\Sp--X.v Pohn-
\nb-{-Ww, \ymkw AYhm kwK-]-cn-XymKw Ch cpw- n-cns A\p-jvTn-p Cu Bm-lpXn Hcmv B-
X-n t`Zw I]n-n-cnp-p. X]v Xmgv ]Sn-bn- l-Xy-tb-m ITn-\-am-Wv. acWw Ffp-a - m-Wv. `mc-s-
ep hm\-{]--p--X mWv; AtX kabw \ymkw Xv Pohn-Xa - m-Wv. kmaqly _--fn \np c-s-
k\ym-kn-bvp--Xm-Wv. GIm-{K-X, [ym\w \nZn-[ym-k\w Sm thn hoSpw kap-Zmbhpw Dt]-n-p-X - p-sImv
apX-em-bh tbmK-N -cy-I fpw A\p-hn-t- -Xp- v. Hcm icn-bmb k\ym-kn-bm-Ip-n; Pohn-X - n ]cm-
""{]m hmns\ a\-nepw a\-ns\ _pn-bnepw Pbw ]n-b-Xp-sImp am{Xw k\y-kn-h - \pw bYm-
hne-bn-n--Ww.'' [ym\hpw GIm-{K-Nn--\hpw a\x-ip-n- k-\ym-kn-bm-Ip-n-. Cu Ah-km-\s Xc-m k\ym-
p-]I - -c-W-ambpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm hnNm-c - fpw km-{i-a - n-\msI A]-am\w hcp-p-p. B-kw-baw
Aap-J-amn Cuiz-c-s\-s Nnn-m Pohm-m- sNbvXv [mn-I-ho--W-n-eqsS am\-h-k-aq-l-n\p
-tfmSv I]n-n-cn-p-p. Cuiz-c-\n \nv A\p-{Klw thn IjvS--f-\p-`-hn-p--h-\mWv bYm k\ym-kn.
e`nm-\; Cuiz-c-t\mSv XmZmyw {]m]n-m ! F- Pohn-X] - -cn-{i-aa - m-sI-s \psS Al-mcw XpSp
m Cu [ym\m-h-n-Xa - mb Pohn-X- ns B-{]- \on \s ]cn-ip--cm-m thn-bp--Xm-W.v B{i-a-
ljm-h t]mepw Xo-bmbpw bYm-X-bn\n- hy-h - -Ifpw apw Btm--Xnv klm-b-I-amIm
p Hscm-gn-p-am-d-e - . AXv ]Zm--fpsS ]c-a- thn Gs-Sp-nb ]-Xn-I-fpamWv. As\ Krl-
k-Xys I-dn-bm Ign-hp-m-p D]-I-cWw am{X- m-{i-a-n\p tijw ]cn-{hm-P-IP - o-hn-X-amWv hn[n-n-
am-Wv. ""aqbpw kqva-X-bp-ap a\-p-sImp am{Xta cnp--Xv. B-m\n Xs Fm kzm-Xm]-cy- -
Cuiz-cs\ ImWm Ign-bp.'' {_- -Ncyw, Kml-yw, fpw shSnv ]cn-{hm-PI - -k-\ym-kn-bm-bn-o-c-W-sav
hm\-{]-w, k\ymkw Fn-ns\ \mem-{i-a- hn[n- D]-\n-j-p-I tLmjn-p-p, ""{_m-W B-m-
bv-s-n-cn-bvp-p. {Ia-n Ah-bn-eqsS IS-p-t]mbn \n-I-fmbn `mhn-k-m-\-]-c - c - -bpsS B{K-l-hpw, hyn-
a\p-jy\v kmwkm-cn-Ia - ew \on Xs ip-am-mw. ]-c-amb kzp-ssI-h-i-n-\p B{K-lh - pw, euIn-I-
Atmtg a\p-jy Xs Bym-n-I-amb hmk-tK-l- amb sFiz-cy-p B{K-lhpw ssIsh-Snv ]cn-
n tIdm Al-\m-Ip-p-p. {hm-P-I-cmbn k-cn-bv p-p.'' {]mNo\ `mc-X - n
kap-Zm-b-tm-Sp I-hy--sfmw ]q-ambn k\ymkn \n-\\pw AIn--\-\p-am-sW-n-epw, bmsXm-
\n-lnp Ign-m Hmtcm-cp-pw kwkm-c-n c-[n-Im-chpw in-bp-an-s-n-cn-n-epw, km{am-Pym-[n-]-m
\np hnc--\mb hn{iaw tXSm hn[n-bp-v. a\p-jy- IqSn Im Ipn-S - --hn[w m\hpw _lp-am-
Pn-hn-X-ns Ah-km-\s ]Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. [mn-Ia - mb \hpw hln- n- cp- p. ]cn- i p--Po-hn-X-n\v A{Xbpw _lp-
BN-c-Whpw t{]a-a-b-amb Pohn-Xhpw \bn-p X]-kzn- am- \ m- Zc- - - f p- m- b n- c p- p.
bmb ]cn-{h-mP-I kmwkm-cn-I{- ]-tem-`-\--fn \np lnp-a-X-ns apJy-e--W-amb B{i-a-[w Pohn-
ap-\ mbn ]c-t em-I -t bv p ZrjvSn Xncnp- p. X-ns Fm hipw B-in hfn PohnXw
\njvIfhpw `n ]q--fp-amb `mc-X - nse ap\n-Nn- ]q-am-m {ian-p-p. AXv sshhm-ln-I-Po-hn-X-n\v
- \nXy-ku-c - y-ns kz]v\ - -fmepw A\-iz-c- Hcp--sa \ne-bn ItTm-c-amb ]cn-ipn AYhm {_-
kw-Ko-X - ns {]Xn- -[z-\n-I-fmepw \nc-cw BIr-jvS-- Ncyw thW-sap \njvIjn-p-p-v. D]-\n-jZ- {v ZjvSm-
fm-bn-cn-bvp-p. Ah B ]c-am-Zi-ns ASp-m- -fpsS A`n-{]m-b - n hnhmlw Hcp [mnI kwkvIm-
Wv. AXns AkvXn-Xz-m-em-Ir-j vS-cm-Ihw c-amWv; Cuiz-ct- k-hm-] - -Xn-bm-Wv. Kml-y-ns
\s ASp-mWv \n-p--Xv. \ap--sXmcp kz]v\-am- Bm\-amb Krlw Hcp hnjp--th-Zn-bmWv; aX-]-c-amb
Imw. Fm Ah Pohn-p-tX B kz]v\ - n-em-Wv. bmsXmcp NSpw [-]X - v\nsb ]s-Sp-n-bvmsX
AXp-sIm-h - Xv X Ah-K-Wnp Xp `uXn- ]qn-bm-hn-. Zm-Xyhpw ]nXr-Xzhpw hgn-bmbn Hcm

N P
 18

I a\p-jy-kvt\-l-n-tbpw IpSpw-_-_--n-tbpw KuX-a kXy-Im-at- \mSp ]dp: ""icn-bmb Hcp K

AgIpw B\-hpw XnIpw A\p-`-hn-p-I-gn tijw {_mW \msX Cs\ kXyw sXfnp ]d-bm-\m-
hniz-]u-cs Db ]Z-hn-bn-se-m thn {Ia-n hn-. AXp-sImv thKw sNv An Pzen-n-q. Rm
Krl-tmSpw IpSpw-_-tm-Sp-ap _--fn \nv \n\v Zom-Iw \S-mw. \o kXy-am-n \npw
kzmX{yw t\Sm ]cn-{i-an--W-sapw hn[n-n-cn-p-p. ]ng--h-\-.''
_p-aXw `mc-Xob lrZb--fn kpn-ca - mbn m\-
hnhn-[-`m-K-se ab-s-Sp-m\pw ASn-Xp-c-p h-
ap-d -n-b v p--X n ]cm-P -b-s - n-p-s - n AXn\p
ssh-c--tfbpw sshap-Jy--tfbpw AI-m-\p-amWv D]-\n-
ImcWw AXv {_-N- cys Kml-y- t-m AXyp- jZv Zi\- Xp\n-bp-X - .v Cuiz-c Fm-h-cnepw Hcp-
-X-\n-e-bn sImp-sh-Xpw aptbm-Ky-X-Itfm Al- t]mse hym]n-n-cnp A-cym-an-bmb Bm-hm-Wv.
Xtbm t\mmsX Fm-h-tcbpw Db kXym-km-{i-a- AXp-sImv Fm-hpw Hcp t]mse kXys {Kln-
n-tebvv sNm A\p-hZ- n--Xp-am-Wv. k\ym-kn-I bvm Ignbpw; Fm-hcw Hcp-t]mse kXy-m\w
PmXn, [\w, ]ucXzw CsXm-p-an-m Bo-b-amb Hcp A[y-b\w sNm A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Wv. {Xn-b-cpsS
ktlm-Zc - y-m-]-\-am-Wv. kvt\l-n-tbpw tkh-\-n-
{]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn k\Ip-am-c {_-W\ - mb \mc-Zs\
tbpw kt-i-sf {]km-Z-`m-h-n {]N-cn-np-I-bm- ]Zm--fpsS ]c-a-c-lkyw [cn-n-p-p. Db XXz-
W-Xns Dt-iyw. `qan-bn hnip-n-bpsS ku-cy-n- m-\hpw [hpw Hcnepw {_m-Wh - -n\p
\pw, hn\-b-ns inpw, AIn--\-Xz-ns B\- am{Xw HXpn \np--X-. AKm-[a - mb B[ym-n-I-
- n-\pw, tkh- \-ns kzmX-{y-n\pw kmn- I-fmbn {]-i\v - sf hni-Zo-Ic - np ]Tn-np {Xn-b-cm-Pm--
k-cn-p Cuiz-c-Zq-X-m-cm-W-h. m-sc-n \mw {K- -fn hmbn-p-p. XXz-m-\s
PmXn-bpsS \nb-a- kap-Zm-b-tm-Sp I-hy- kw_-n hmZ- {]-Xn-hm-Z - mbn [mn-I-k-t-f-\-
sf hn[n-p-p. a\p-jy X\np hn[n I-hy- \S-n-bn-cp P\-I\pw APm-Xi - {- Xphpw {Xn-b-
I- Fm-bmepw A\p-jvTn--Ww. tbmKy-XI - cm-Pm- - m-cm-bn-cp-p. Xo{h-amb _un-I-Po-hn-X-n-s
t\mn Ah-bpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv I-hy-I- Ime-L--am-bn-cpp AXv. km[m-c-W-mIqSn Zmi-\n-I-
hn[n- n- p- -Xv. {_-W Xzw knnpI Pw {]-iv\--fn Xm]cyw ImWn-p-h-p. PvRm\n-I \mn-
sIm BN- c-Ww-sIm-m-sWp KWn--s-n-cnp- p. e- tm-p-an-tmpw imkv{X-N-Imbn Dml- ]qw
XpSp ]d-bp IY kXys sXfn-bn-p-p. k-cn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS km-ZI - -m-
Pm_m-e -b psS aI kXy-Im-a Xs Asb cmb {_-Wv {Xn-b-m Kth-j-W--fn {][m-\-
kwt_m-[\w sNbvXp ]dv : ""At Rm {_-Ncyw amb ]s- Sp- p- p- s p k- X n- - hn[w
Zon-bv m-\m-{K-lnp-p. Rmt\Xp tKm{X- m-c-\m- Bm-amb kXy-k- X - b- p-mbn-cp-p. kv{XoI
Wt'' Pohn-X-n\p thn-bp kwLjs kw_-n-t-
S-tmfw Ghpw kpc-n-X-Ifpw B{in-X-I-fp-am-bn-cp-p-
A aI-t\mSp ]dp: ""Fs Ipo, \ns tKm{X-
sh-nepw tam-{]m-]vXn-p Bym-n-I-k-a-c - n
ta-Xm-sW-s-\n--dnp-IqSm. sNdp--n Hcp Zmkn-
Ahv ]pcp-j--tcmSv Xpey-amb A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--
bmbn Rm\-p-anpw \S-n-cp Ime-mWv \ns
fpm- bn-cp-p. ssat{X-bnbpw KmKnbpw Bo-b-amb Kw`o-
K`w [cn-Xv. AXp-sImv \o GXp tKm{X-am-sW-s-
c-{]-iv\ - -sf-p-dnv imkv{X-hmZw \S-m-dp-m-bn-cp;
\n--dn-bn-. Fs t] Pm_m-e-sb-mWv. \o kXy-Im-
Zi-\--sf-p-dnp \S-p Nm-k-t-f-\--fnepw
a-\m-Wv. AXp-sImv kXy-Im-a-Pm-_m-e-\mWv Rms\p
]s-Sp- m-dp-m-bn-cp-p.
\n\v ]d-bmw.''
D]-\n-j -p-I m\s tamtm-] m-b -ambn
kXy-Im-a lcn-{Zp-ams ]p{X-\mb KuX-as ASp-
Dun ]d-bp- p-s- p-Xv bYm-am-Wv . ""XcXn
sNv ]dp:
timIw Bm- hn'' B-m\n Fm timI--tfbpw
""`K-hm, Rm Ahn-Sps ASp- {_-Ncyw XcWw sNp-p. ""{_-hn {_ssh `hXn'' {_-
Zonm-\m-{K-lnp-p. Rm Ahn-Sps ASp- hc- m\n {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. D]-\n-j - p-I
stbm?'' m\-ns al-Xz-n-eqn \np-Ibpw Fm kZm-
KuX-a tNmZnp : ""tl tkmay, \o GXp tKm{X- Nm-c--tfbpwAXns ]q-hn-I-fmbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw
n s]-h\mWv?'' sNp-Xp sImv D]-\n-j-p-I m\-s-p-dn-
kXy-Im-a ]dp : ""`K-h, F\n-bv-dn-p-IqSm, p AXyp-mlw \nanw Cm-i - nsb AXns
Rmt\Xp tKm{X-n s]-h-s\v F\n-bv-dn-p-IqSm, m\- p- \ nv Xcw Xmgv pp Fp ]d-bp hnai-
Rm\--tbmSp tNmZnp t\mn. A-bpsS adp-]Sn C- I- m-
c p-
v . m\n- I v kZm- N mcw hfsc Imcy-ap--
s\-bmWv: "Rms\s sNdp- - n Hcp ]cn-Nm-cn-I-sb sXm- p- a Fv Dd- np ]d- b p Ubq- k Am- \n-
\ne-bn Ap-anpw Aep Xncn-n-cp Ime- Ipw AXm- h - i y- a n Fp ]noSp ]d- b pp. ""tam-
mWv \ns K`w [cn--Xv. \ns tKm{X-ta-sXp ]d- {]m]vXn sImh-cp-p m\w t\Sp--Xn kZm-Nmcw
bp-hm km[y-a-. Fs t] Pm_m- e- sb- mWv; \o kXy- klm-bn-p-Xv {]Xy-ambn; A{]-Xy--ambn am{X-
Im-a-\mWv' AXp-sImv `K-h Rm kXym-Ima Pm_m- amWv klm-bnp-Xv. Fs-m Cu PvRm\w apn-
e-\m-W.v '' m Hns DNn-Xa - mb D]-I-c- -W--fm Dm-Item

N P
 19

I Dm--s-Stem A. Cu m\w A\m-Zn-Im-e-ambn sXtm AsXmw Cu Bm-hn \np e`n-p-p.'' K

\nXy-h-kvXp-hmbn \ne-\np hcp Hns A\p-`qXn I- m\-k- l-Ir- X-ambn A\p-jvTn--W-sa-mWv
am{X-am-W.v '' Fm D]-\n-j-p-I m\s i_vZ- Cu kqw \njvIjn-p-X - .v km-Xn-im-bn-bmb ]c-
ns kp-Nn-X-amb A-n tam-{]m-]vXnv a-k--bn {i-hn-izm-k--tfmSp IqSmsX A\p-jvTn-
HmtIm-]m-b-ambn kzoI-cn-bv-pn. ""Bm-hns\ thZ- p tIh-e-I- Zp-e--fm-Ip-p. a\p-jys
m\w sImp-am{Xw {]m]n-m Ign-bn-. hnm-\w- bYm-eyw tIhew bm{nI-amb k-
sImpw hfsc A[nIw ]Tn-X - p-sImpw {]m]nm sImv t\Sm Ign- bp-I-bn-. Fm I--fnepw bm-
Ign-bn-.'' kXy-amb Pohn-X - n-emWv Du. m\- \p-jvTm-\-fnepw {Inbm-Ie - m-] - -fnepw Btm--Xn-bp-
tm-sSmw [hpw XpSp-m-bn-cn-bv-Ww. {_- m-Ip-p. Fm AhnsS A\-h - p-ambn XmZmyw
m\w t\Sm-\m-{K-lnp--h\v F{X-Xs - in-bmb {]m]n- p-s Im- - W -s a- n- . kXy-a mb Bm-h ns
Dm-lhpw Pnm-k-bp-ap-m-bn-cp-mepw kZm-Nm-cw, lnXs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-pI F GI-hn-Nm-c-tmsS
[-\njvT Fo cp tbmKyXI-fp-an-s-n {]thiw Fm Ifpw A\p-j vTn-Ww. Cuizc-\n-msX
e`n-bvp-I-bn-. m\-sa-m tIhew _pn-bp-sS Ign- \psS Pohn-X - n\p ey-an-. k-bn-, B{i-b-hp-
h Fp \mw hni-Z-am-t-n-bncnpp. B-t_m-[- an. Cl-tem-Ipw ]c-tem-Ipw A[n-I - -W
- n
am-W-Xv. {_-Pnmkp-hns a\v A[nIw N-e- \ In-W-sa H Dt-iy-tmsS A\p-jvTn-p I-
am-bn-qS; ]c-am-k--bn {i sNep-m Ign- I-em-]--tfbpw b-bm-Km-Zn-I-tfbpw D]-\n-j-p-I
bm hn[w kmwkm-cn-I-hn-j-b--fn kwen-]vXh - p-am-bn- A]-e] - n-bvp-p-v. ]c-tem-Ip Hmlcn [\w (sj-
q-Sm. Cuiz-c-`-n-sIm--hs lrZbw ]hn-{Xhpw B\- b) hmt\m Cuiz-c-\p-a mbn Hcp _mp-I -W- m-
-`-cn-X-hp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Cuiz-c-im-kv{X-n hnZ-K v -cmb cw`nmt\m D Dt-iy-tmsS BI-cpXv \w I-hy-
Ejn-am injy-msc Xnc-s-Sp--W-sa-n AXn-\p-ap- I--f-\p- jvTnp--Xv. {_m- -W-- fn I-hy-I-
mbn Nne injy-msc Ipsd-m-et- mfw kZm-Nm-c-Zo- sf kw_- np {]I-Sn- n A_p- n-] q-I-amb
bvpw [mn- I- amb A-S-- n\pw \nb-{- Wn\pw Ccw Bi-b-sf {]Xn-tj-[n-p-sImp D]-\n-j-p-
hnt[-b-cm-tIn h-Xmbn Adn-hm-Ip-p. {]ivt\m-]\ - n- I Hc-\n-hm-cy-k-Xys Dun-bp-d - n-p-p-v. Fm-
j-n ]n-em-Za - l
- jn Bdp {_-Pn-m-kp-sf eh "I-fpw m\hpw Xn _-an; m\w
Hcp hj-tbvp IqSn IqSp-X A-S--n\pw B- am{X-amWv tam-km-[\w' F aXs ]nm-p-n-
\n-b-{-W - n\pw hnt[-b-cmbn hn-m aSn Ab- . m\-I--fpsS kap--b-amb Hcm-o-I-Po-hn-X-
n-cp-p. Omtm-tKym]\nj-n Kpcp kXyImam P_m- s-bmWv D]-\n-j-p-I \njvIjn-p--Xv.
es\ ]ip-]m-e-\-n-\mbn tLmc-h-\m--c--fn-te-bv-b- [mn-I-amb Cu knnbpsS kw`m-hy-X-X-s-bmWv,
-Xmbn ]d-bp-p. GIm--[ym-\hpw {]Ir-Xn-k-hpw Fm kZm-Nm-c--fp-tSbpw ]q-[m-cW. AXn-msX kZm-
hfp-I-bm-bn-cpp CXn- p-t-iyw. D]-\n-j- p-I Nm-c-]-ca - mb \psS A`n-em-j - \nd-th- Ign-bp-
\njvIjn-bvp m\w B-i-n-bpsS kPo-h\ - n- sa-p-d- n-. B]-p-Ifpw `b-fpw tcmK-fpw ac-W-
b-a-amb {i AYhm hnizm-k-am-Wv. hrw ^en-p-- fpw Fmw \psS apn-ep-v. Fmepw {]I-S-amb
t]m-se-s PvRm\hpw I-n-eqsS A`n-hy--am- Akmw-K-Xy-fpw ]c-kv ]c - -hn-tcm-[hpw shp-sIm-pw,
I-Ww. m\w \app e`np Ign-m kXyw ssIh- Fm hkvXp-fpw {]hn-p-Xv Ah-km-\-ambn \-
- Xmbpw AXns\ kzmb-- am-n-b- Xmbpw AXn-\m \mw bvp-th-n-bm-sW-p hnizmkw \apv Dm-lhpw
]cn-h--\w sN-s-X - mbpw Icp-Xs- -Sp-p. ""Zpcm-Nm-c- ktm-jhpw \Ip- p. kZm-Nm-c-n\v aX-ns AwKo-
n \np ap-\pw, im-\pw, kam-ln-X\ - p-a-m-, I-cWw Bh-iy-a p-v . hniz- n-e p- -s Xmw icn-b m-
lrZ-b-n imn hncm-Pn-mHcp hynXv km[y- sWpw a\p-jys hnPbw A\n-hm-cy-am-sWpw Cuiz-
am-hn-. AXm-bXv m\w sImp am{Xw {_-{]m-]vXn- c \ap- p- d - p- X - c p- p. ""a\p- j ys AZr- i yhpw
bp-m-I m h.'' AXp-s Imp cmam-\p-P m\- Aaqhpw Ahm-Nyhpw AKm-[-hp-amb B Hn Xs
ns hyJym-\ - n [ym\w, kam-[n, D]m-k-\, ]qP kam-[m-\hpw hn{i-a-m-\hpw Ip-I-gn-m Ah\p
F-n-hbvpw m\w \In-bn-cn-pp. m\-n kam-[m\w e`n-bvp-p. AXn-sesnepw CS-aptm
\nv kZm- Nm-cs ]pd- -n-sm-p hymJym-\-n\v th]mtSm Dsp AwKo-I-cn-m Ah\p ]ns Akz-
Hcp \ymbo-I -c-Whpw ImWp-n-. Bm-hn-t\m-Sp -X-bmbn; an-hmdpw X\n-s-m-a-dn-bm-sap Icp-Xp
sFIy-`mhw A`n-hy--am-Ip-n-s-n Acw tIh-e- Hcm-fpsS Akz-X!''aX-]c - -amb Cu Ddp Inn--gn-
I- A]-cym-]vX--fm-sWv D]-\n-j-p-I-fq-n-- mns ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS k-n\pw a\p-jys
d-bp-p. ""A, Bm-hn-n-hnsS al-mb Nne hnip- A{I-aI - r-Xypw \s Akz-c - m-m Ign-bn-.
-I- \nd-th-m-\p-sv Adn-hp--h\ - -s-nepw FXn-cm-fn-Ip \psS a\-n t{Im[hpw -Ddpw Df-
Abm-fpsS Iw HSp-hn hn\-jvS-am-Ipw. Hcm Xs hmm-\m-hn-. kZm-Nm-c-n\pt{]cW \vIp-Xp aX-
Bmhp am{X-amWv kXy-sav a\-n-em-n, Btm- am- W v. aXns ASn- m-\ - n-e - s - n ]ns
]m-k\ \S-p-p-sh-n Abm-fpsS Iw HSp-hn hn\- \apnm Ftm Hn-s\-p-dnp Fspw {]b-
jvS-am-Ipw. Hcm Xs Bmhv am{X-amWv kXy-sav Xv\s - atm , Ah-km-\a - n-m B{K-l-satm \nc-c - -
a\-n-em-n, Btm-]m-k\ \S-p-p-sh-n Abm- amb hf-sbtm Hs Bhpw kZm-Nm-c-n-w.
fpsS Iw hn\n-jvS-am-Ip-n-. Abm B{K-ln-p-- aX-n-em-Is CsXmw A\p-`-hk - n-am-Ipp; k^-
N P

I ehpw B\--a-b-hp-am-Ip-p. Atm Pohm-m-hns
Zueyw \opp; Pohm-m-hn\p hnti-j-amb al-
Xzhpw \n-ln-bvm-s\m-cp-t-iyhpw Ds-p-h-cpp. Hcn-
bv-eo-t_m-[-ap-Zn-p-I-gn-m ]ns ico-c-_--a-mepw
icn XpSmepw icn, a\p-jy AXn-s\-p-dnp DZm-
ko-\\ - m-Ip-p. Ah km-c-amw kpK-a-amtWm ITn-
\-amtWm F Nnbpw Ah-\n-. a\p-jy\v kXym-\p-`q-
Xn- b p- m- I p- - t XmsS Ahs ]m]- AIse
\opp; ]md-bvs-dn ap-cp-f-t]mse Ah kzbw
XIp \in-bvp-p.
aX-Po-hn-Xs kw_-n-p Cu apJy-kXyw \n`m-
Ky-h-im `mc- Xo-b-hn-Nm-c--sf-n ]Tn- bvp ]e anI
]WvUn-X-m t]mepw th-hn[w a\-n-em-p-n-. D]-
\n-j-p-Isf hnain-h - c
- n Ghpw B[p-\n-I-\mb
tUmIvS lyqw A`n-{]m-b-s-Spp: ""D]-\n-j - knm-
hpw {Kop-Im-cmb Ejn-am-cpsS knm-hpw Xn
m\w t\Sn-b-h kzm`m-hn-I-ambn k-cn-{X-\mIptam
AYhm m\-\-ns ]cn-Wmaw kKp-W-]q-
amb PohnXw Xs-bmtWm F Imcy-n henb aX-
t`-Z-ap-v. ChnsS Ipd-m--m\w t\Sn--gn-m
]qmn-X-]m-]-fpw bYm-n- en-m-Xm-Ip-pv! ambn kmZm- Nm-c-kz-`mhw sImp Xs AXns \nbw
"henb ]m]-am-sWp tXmp-Xpw' m\-an-m--h
sNbvXm \nyhpw ^e-n B]-c-hp-amb ]m]-
, inm-` bw IqSmsX ktmNw hnp \nc- cw
sNbvXp-sImn-cnm B-m- \n--\p-hm-Z-ap-v.'' D]-
\n-j m\w B[ym-n-Ia - mb ]WvUn-Xytam hmZ-{]-
Xn-hm-Z-]-c-hpw, JWvU-\-a-WvU-\m--I-hp-amb kqva-ss\-
]p-Wytam Aspw AXv ktm-X - a- mb ksb
hniz-lr-Z-b-n ktm-]c - n-i-nbmbn {]Xy-o-Ic - n-
bv-em-sWpw \mw BZyta ]dp Ign--np-v. a\p-
jy-{]-IrXn sskm-n-I-ambpw {]mtbm-K-nI-ambpw cp
hn[-nepw ]cn-h\w sNbvXp-I-gn-m am{Xta Cu
Bo-bm-\p-`qXn {]m]n-bvm Ign-bq. lyqw ]d-bp
""Ipd-m m\w t\S'' lrZ-b-ipn h-hp
am{Xta km[y-a-Iq. Ahp ]q-kzm-X-{y-ap-v. ""B
Db \ne-bn Hcp I I-\; sIme-bmfn sIme-
bm-fn-b; ]pWy-]m-] - -f-hs\ ]nXp-Sc - p-n-. Fs-
m Abm Atm-tgpw lrZ-b-nse Fm ZpxJ-
hn-Im-c--sfbpw hnP-bnp Ign-n-cnp-p.'' kzX-{\v
bmsXmcp \nb-{-W-hp-an-msX Fpw kzw sNmw;
]t Cu kzmX{yw ""tXmn-bXp sNm-\p {`m
Xm\pw.'' {_-km-mm-c-hmZn X\n-p-Xmt\ \nb-a-
hn- [m- Xm- hm- Ip- p; Abm X\npw Xm hkn- p temI-
n\pw {]`p-hm-bn-o-cp-p. \nb-a\ - nm-Whpw \nb-{-
-Whpw X-fpsS a\x-km- n-bpsS t{]c-W-bvsmv BN-
cn-bvm--hp thn-bp--Xm-Wv. Fm kzm- BN-cn-m D]-\n-j
amb Alw-`m-h--fn \np-b-hv kZm-Nmcw Pohn-
X-ns \nXy-_--\-bm-bn-o-cpp; \nbaw t{]a-n
]q-ambn \nlns-Sp-p. Ah ZpjvIw sNp- kzbw Adn-bmsX Xs X-fpsS ssZ\n-II
I-sb-Xv kw`m-hyta A. ]pdsa \np kw
B-co-Ia - mb kzoIm-ca - mbn ]cn-Wa - np-p. [mnI
PohnXw {]m]n-p--Xp-hsc kZm-Nm-c- \n-baw a\p-jy
IjvS-sp sR-cpn A\p-k-cnt-p ]pdsa \np
Hcp-{K-im-k-\-am-bn-tm-pw. shfnw Inn--gn-mtem
N P
20
]ns-bXv A\m-bm-k-ambn Dm-l] - q- w Adn-bmsX K
{]hnp Bm-hns kl-P-amb B-c-Po-hnXw
Xs-b mbn ]cn-W -a np- p. Hcp Ejn-b psS Iw
Bmhns kv^qn-bn-tebvv Xs-m km-
kzmWw sN-emWv; AmsX ]pdsa \nv Npa--
s-Sp \nb-a - sf a\p-a-Sp-tmsS A\p-k-cn-e - -.
I-n\p ]pc-kvImcw Imwnm-, hogvN bvp
insb `b-an-m-, Hcp \nkzm-nbmb Bm-hns
kzX-{-amb t{]cW \mw ImWp-p. ]c--cm-KX -
- -fmb
N-fpw NS-p-Ifpw _mly-amb I-hy-fpw kZm-
Nmc \nb-a-fpw Abmsf kw_-ntS-tmfw \nc-
I-am-Wv. Bmhv B ]c-am-\ -
- n tNv ]cn-Xp-jvS-
\m-Ipp; kakvX ]Zm--fp-tSbpw sFIys Zin-
bv pp; \mw hyn-] -c-a mbn \psS Bm-h ns\
kvt\ln-bvp t]mse-s AXv kakvX {]]--
tbpw kvt \ln-p-p. ""kYm ]q-a mb Hcp
k`m-h\ Cs\ hnjb-\n-jvT-am-b, AXm-bXv kZm-Nm-
cw- k w-_ - n-b mb \nb-a - -[ o-\ -a mbn {]hn-
bvt _m[y-X-bp--Xmbn hnNm-cnm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
Fs-m AXns B-\n-jvT-amb kwL-S\ Imc-W-
hcp-m Ign-bpw. AXp-sImv Cuiz-co-b-amb Cbvv
AYhm s]mXp-hn AXy- -ip--amb Cm-i- nv
]noSp Bm-cq-]-n Hcp t{]cW Bh-iy-an-.
"Ahiy Ihyw' ChnsS Am-\-m-Wv. Fs-m
Cm-ivnbpw \nb-ahpw ChnsS Ahiyw GIm-Im-ca - mbn-
-gn- n-cnp- p.'' kmZm-N mc \nb-a - AXns
{]Xy {]IS\-amWv; AXp-sIm-X - ns\ _n-p-n-
. Ghw-hn-[-\mb ]c-am-mhv KpW--fpsS hn[m-Zmhpw
kzcm-p-am-W.v AXm-bXv kzbw \nb-ak - z-cq-]-\m-Wv. hniz-c-
N-\-bpsS ]-Xn-bn aqp-Xcw kXz--fp-v. (1) kzbw
\ne-\n-ev]npw p-S - m-\pw thn {]hn-p--
h; kz {]m]vXnsb Imwntm \c-I-`bw aqetam
kzmtm-t-iy-tmsS Fs- nepw sNp A[- a-m.
(2) \nb-a--f-dn-bp-h - cpw X-fpsS Bm-hn\v sshcp-
y-`m- h-\- bp--Xp- sImv \nb-a--fpsS ]cn-[n-Ip-n
CWn HXpn \nm IjvS-sv AXy- [zm\w sNp-
-h-cpw. (3) Pohn-X-kw-Lj- n hnPbw {]m]nv imn
t\Snb hniz-c--I-m. A-c-m Pohn-tXm-t-iy-s-
n XnIpw A`n--cm-Wv. hfsc hnNm-c-s-Sm-sX, sRcp-
-an-m-sX, B Dt-iy-n--\p-Iq-e-ambn Ah \nc-cw
{]hn-p-sIm-n-cnp-p. kt-lhpw _pn-appw
t\cn-Sp Imcyfn I-hy-\n-jvT-cmb {_-m-
\n-I X-Zh - k- -c--fn BN-cnp-t- ]mse BN-cn-
bvm D]-\n-j-p-I \tmSv Bm- ]n-p-- t]mse
- p-I \tmSv Bm-]n-bvp-
p. Cu alm-m- \-{X- {]Imiw hnX-dp
t]mse-bpw, ]q kuc`yw s]mgn-p t]msebpw
- --f-\p-
jvTn-psIm-n-cn-bvp-p. Fm a\p-jypw thW-sa-
p-sh-m Cu knn ssIh-cp-m Ignbpw. Cuiz-c-
t\mSv Hm-bn-t-cpI kw`m-hy-am-sWv m]n-m
AXns hmkvXh - n-I-X-X-s-bmWv {]am-Ww. a\p-jy\p
k-i - \ - mb ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv XmZmyw {]m]n
 21

I A\p-`hw Xsbm-Wv. {InkvXyZmi-\n-I- m-cpsS A`n- Xmn- I-coXym \njvIjnv ]Tn tijw GIm--n K
{]m-b-n a\p-jy-\n Cuiz-c ]q-ambn A`n-hy- ]q-\n--_vZX - b- n \-{X- sf t\mn-sm-n-cn-
-am-bn-m-Wp-Xv tbip {InkvXp-hns hyn-Xz-n bvpI Fp hnvam ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse kzX-{-ambn
am{X-am-Wv. Cuiz- cs kq-amb Hu-Xy-n-te-bvp- ]q-amb GIm--n-en-cpv t\tS-n-bn-cnp-p. Hcp-
b-cp-hm-\p kw`m-hyX Fm a\p-jy-cnepw IpSn-sIm-p- X-c-n-eXp \mw Adn-bm-\m-{K-ln-p hkvXpsh \psS
p-sv D]-\n-j-p-I tLmjn-b v p-p. {]b-Xv\n-m- a\- - n\p apn \n-em-Wv. [ym\s hyh-lm-c-
e-hv B DX ]Z-hn-bn-se-mw. n Zpjn-p- Im-Wp aqmh-bvtm A]-kar-
kZmNmc \njvT kzbtah Hcp eytam Dtiytam Xnbvtm km[-\-kz-cq-]a - mbn KWn--cp-Xv. a\-ns\ hnj-
A . A Xns\ \mw \psS ]q PohnXambn b- n nc- a mn \nm klm-b-sa \ne-bn
DsmffXpv. CXn\v am{XamWv ktm]cn am{Xta FSp- t - - X p- p. hnNm- c-ns Nm-ey--sfm-
alXzapffXv. ]c-ae - -y-n-\p-thn kzX-{y tkh-\- Xpn \nn. C- bpsS ]mfn- bv p ISn-m-Wn-v, a\-
sa ip-hn-Nmcw hp tIdn-b-tm m\-{`wiw kw`- ns\ \mw hnj- b - n- e p- d - npp; AXn-\p-n-te-pn-
hn Hcp \nb-a-hn-[nsb A-S - -tmsS A\p-k-cn- d- pp; AXmbn XmZmyw {]m]np- p. Cuiz-tcm-]m-
em- Wn-hnsS kZm-Nm-c-ambn \np--X.v B kzX{ tkh- k- \ , kZm- N m- c w, kXym- t \z- j Ww Ch- s bmw Bm-hn
\-am-Is ]q-{_--tm-Sp AsslXp-I-`-n-X-s- kXy- P o- hnXw m]n- b v m klm- b n- b v p- p. Dulm-
bm-W v. Cu Ah- -bn Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hn t]m- l m- - I - a mb a\v Cuiz- c k- - s b- p- d np \nZn-[ym-
hnebw {]m]n-bvp-p. Fm Cu ey-{]m-]vXnp k- \ w sNp- t m t{]am- - I - `- n- b n- e p sshIm- cn-I-
hgn-sbm-cp-p kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb ITn-\m-[zm\w Hcn-epw kz- ` mhw Cuizc\ns kzbw ebn- - S - p- p. km[m-
hy-am-I-bn-. c-W-t]mse Atm hnjbw \-fn \np ]pd-ta-bn-
. B ka-bv \nJn-e-k--bnepw Hnp kv^pcn-
aX-t_m[w
bvp AKm-[-amb Hc-\-`q-Xn-bp-m-Ip-p. Cuiz-c-t\mSv
aXw apJy-ambn Pohn-X-tbpw A\p-`-h - -tfbpw sFIyw {]m]n-p-I-bmtWm Fp IqSn tXmn-tm-Ipw.
kw_-n-p Imcy-am-Wv. aX-t_m[w hfm aqp D]m-k-I Xs D]m-ky-tZ-h-X-tbmSp Xpey-ambn hfsm-
am--fmWv D]-\n-j-p-I \nt-inp-Xv; {ih-Ww, -sa-p-p. hnjbw B ka-bp [ym\-ns LS-I-
a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k-\w. {ihWw tI-dn-bp-Ibpw a\\w Adn- am-bn-cn-bvmsX [ym\n-bvp--hs tNX\ Bbn-o-cp-
-Xn-s\-p-dnp Nnn-p-I-bp-am-Wv. GIm-{K-la - mbn p. a\-ns cq]-am-w, Hc-n Pohn-X-k--bpsS
apgpIn [ym\n-emWv \nZn-[ymk\w. Hm-as Ah- HmsI cq]-am- --amWv; D]-\n-j-p-I ]c-{_--ns ]c-
-bmb {ihWw aX-Po-hn-X - n ]mc-c - y-n-\p am-\ - -c-k-amb Ax-t{]-c-W-tbm-sSmw A{]-[m\ tZh-
m\s kqNn-n-p-p. km-am-{X-\mb Cuiz-c-\n X-I-fpsS Ax-t{]-c-W-sb--nbpw \app ]d-p-X-cp-
hnizm-k-Zo sImm GsX-nepw Xc-n-ep ]c- p-v. Ai-\-ns hnj-b-p hyI-Xn-Xz-
-cm-KX - -amb Hcp Znhy-t{]-cW Bh-iy-am-Wv. ""{]Xy-m- ns kp-Nn-X-`m-h-fpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-n-
\p-`q-Xn-bn-m-sX-Xs Cuiz-c-k--bn hniz-kn-h - S-tmfw ]c-a-eyw {]m]n-m Ign-bn-. \app {_-
A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-Ip-p.'' A[n-I] - w Bfp-Ifpw ]mc-- am-bn-o-c-W-sa-n {_-hn-j-b-I-amb Ai\w
cy-nepw {]Xo-I--fnepw (hn-{K-lm-Zn-I) Xn-\n-p- Xs thWw.
I-bm-Wv. D]-\n-jkn-m- - n--\p-k-cn aXw ]mc--
P]w, [ym\w, kZm-Nm-cw, kXyhpw `mh-\n`-c-hp-amb
cy-hm-Z-hp-ambn Hcp hn[-nepw sXn-[-cn-bv-s-p-Iq-Sm.
Cuiz-tcm-]m-k\ Fn-h-bn \njvIjn-p D]-\n-j-
\nc--c-amb _un-I-{]-bXv\w sImv ]mc--cy-ns
p-If - nse DIr-jvS-amb aX-[w ap aX--fn-ep--
apJyms AYhm AXn-e-S-nb kXys \mw a\-
t]mse ]mc-c - y--fmb ]nSn-hm-ZfptSbpw am{n-I-am-
n-em-m {i-an-bv-Ww. cm-as Ah-b - n-emWv
bm-Pm- e- - fp-tSbpw `mc-m Ip\n-n- n-s Imcyw \mw
bpn-hn-N m-c- ns Bh-i y-I X ]d-b-s - n- p-f-f -X v.
Hmn-bvt--Xp-.v ]c-am-k Ht Dp; AXv
BZys Ah--bn tIh-e-samcp [mc-W-bmbn kzoI-
hnizw apgps kzbw A`n-hy--am-pp F D]-\n-
cn-Xv Ctm Xmn-I-\n- b-am-bn-o-cp-p. kXys
j- - ns apJy-X-Xzs Hcp ]g- im-Ty-hm- Z- sap
Adn-bpI bYm-k-sb {]m]n-bv-e-sp Xo-
]d-p-IqSm. am\h _pns-m Ign-bp Hcp ]c-
bm-Wv. Db Xc-n-ep aX-t_m-[ - n\v bYm-
a-k- Xy-am-W- X.v imkv{X-n- tbpw Zi-\-n- tbpw ]ptcm-
k A\p-am-\-hn-j-b-am-bm t]mc, kmm-cn-bv-
KXn AXn-t\m-Sn-S-bp-I-b-. AXns\ kan-bvp-t-bp-
s-Sp-I-Xs thWw. bYm-k-bpsS CuZr-i-amb
p. ]c-am-m-hn t{]ahpw BZ-c`- m-h-hp-amWv D]-\n-j-
A\p-`-h-n-\p, A\-s-w-_-n Ccw t_m[-
p-I-fnse aXw. C-c-n-ep [ym\-amWv B[ym-n-
n\v X-co-Xn-bn\nv kYm `n-amb Hcp hnNm-
I-`n hnj-b-hn-j-bn-I Xn-ep t`Z-`mhw [mn-
c-]-Xn hfp-h-tc-X - p-v. \nZn-[ym-k\w As-n
Im-thiw \nd lrZ-b-n shp-cpIn ep]vX-ambn
[ym\-a-X Xmn-Ih - n-Nm-cs [mn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-bmbn
t]mIp-p-shpw AXw-Ko-I-cn-bvp kwkm-c - ns
amm klm-bn-bvp-p. Hcp ]s AXn-s\--s-
sFIyhpw ]q-X-bp- amWv D]- \n-j-p- I-fnse aX-ns
bmWv Zi-\s - ap hnfn-p--Xv. AXns\ kXy-ns
ktmIr-jvS-X-Xzw. aX-]-c-amb A`ym-k-nepw \njvT-
{Inbm--I-amb kmmm-c-n-\p asmcp t]cmbn
bnepw \mw {Ia-n tatem-p-b-cp-t-S-tmfw D]m-
apt AwKo-Ic - n-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXv ""tPymXn-WnXw
kyhpw D]mkI\pw Xn XmZmyw A\p-`-ht- Km-Nc - -
N P

I am-Ipp; Ans\ cpw Hp-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.
]noSv ]c-c - m-KX
- a- mb kt-Xm-n D]m-k-\X - -
s-bn-. Atm ]c-{_w kakvX hniz-nepw hym]n-
bvp-Xpw a\p-jym-m-hns\ Xn apgp-Inbvp-Xp-
amb Hc-ko-a-ssN-X\ - y-sa \ne-bn A\p-`-th-Zy-am-bn-
o-cp-p. \psS AXnh-c-p-I-sfmw XI-cpp; a\p-
jys A]q-Xbvv Imc-Wa - mb tZmj- Xmt\
\op-p. aX-ns eyw aX-ns km-Xn-im-
bnXzw Xs! BZi-aXw Xtm- sSm-nv Bcw- `n ssZzX-
`m-hs Iogvs-Sp-p-p. aX-kw-_ - n-bmb D]m-k\
`b-tmSp IqSn Bcw-`n-bvp-p. `n, t{]aw, \nXy-{_-
-tm-Sp kmbqPyw Ch-bpsS am-n- eqsS aptmp
ISv Cuiz-c\pw Bmhpw At\ym\yw tNcp kam-
[y-h- -bn-sen hnc-an-bvp-p. ]qm-h {]m]n-
p--Xp-hsc aX-]-c-amb km[-\-I Bh-iy-ambn AwKo-
I-cn-bv-s-n-cn-bvp-p.
D]-\n-j-p-I Hpw AwKo-I-cnp-n-sv km[m-
c-W-bmbn ]d-p-hc - m-dp-v. ""t{]a-n hkn-p--h
Cuiz-c-\n hkn- - p--Cu-iz-c Ah-\n-epw.'' Fm
bYm aXhpw Cuiz-cs\ A-cym-an-bmbn Icp-Xpp;
Ahn-Spp ]c-a-\n-Kp-V-\p-am-Wv.
tamw
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n m\- ns
Dm-h--bn Pohm-m- hns Hcp hnt-jWw \S-pp;
kzmab-amb GIm-InXzw Hgn-hm-e - m-WXv. Fm-e-
sXm-cn-bvepw iq\y-Xtbm arXypthm A. ""Hgp-Ip
\Zn-I \ma-cq-] - -sfm-gnv kap-{Z-n sNv A{]-Xy-
-am-Ip t]mse m\n-I \a-cq-]fn \np hnap-
-cmbn ]cm]-c-\mb Znhy-]p-cp-js\ {]m]n-p-p.'' D]-
\n-j-p-I kp-Nn-X-\mb Pohm-m-hn\v ]c-a-k--bp-
sv Hcn-epw AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. Xv Aa-cXzw
e`n-bvm-\mbn {]mn-p-h - Pohm-m-hns ]c-a-
k-sb kzoI-cn-p-p.km-Po-hn-X-nse bYmX-Xzw,
Pohm-m-hns {]Ir-Xn-bn k-t{i-jvT-am-b-X,v A\--
am-W.v AXv `uXn-I-k--bpsS AXn-cp-Isf ewLnv Ap-
dhpw Dd-p-\n-p-p. al-Xz-ns Hcw-ihpw Ipd-bp-
n-. Cl-tem-Is an \ma-t\z-jnp \Sp-Xpw
A]q-cq-]-n Is-p--Xp-amb [mn-Ia - q-ey-
sf ktm-m-h--bn-se-p-tm ]q-cq-]-n
]c-am-kz-`m-h-n- ImWm Ign-bp-p. a\p-jy-sc
\ne-bn A]q-cq-]-nte \apv BZi-sf {]m]n-
m Ign-bp-pp; AXpw Ai\-ap ka-bv
Hcp ant]mse am{Xw. Dm-h - -bn-em-Is Ahsb
Ip-av ]q-ambn tijn-sm-p-an-m--hn[w apgp-h-\m-
bn, hnI-]-\h - nlo\w ]cn-]q-ambn {]m]n-m Ign-
bp-p. \apo temI-n Inp B\w Znhym-\--
ns \ng-emw am{X-am-sW-v, AXns Xp-amb {]Xn-
cq-]- am- sWv ssX-co-tbm- ]-\n-jv Nqn- m- Wnp-p.
Pohn-X-k- ap-{Z-nse Fm IjvS-m-Sp-Ifpw sRcp--fpw
kln--Xn-\p-tijw \mw Ic-Wb - p-Xv ]nWn InSp
NmtI- n-hcp Hcp acp-c-n-e-s p Xo-bm-Wv.
apm-h- sb Bm-hns kq-{]-Im-i -\-ambn
KWn-bv-Ww. ]c-{_-s tIhew Hc-aq-k--bm-
N P
22
bn--cp-Xp ]w Cuiz-c-\n-te-bvpb-cpI F-Xn\v K
iq\y-amb Hc-Km-[-X-bn-tebvp hogpI F-am-Ipw.
Atm a\p-jy Fn-t-cpI k-\m-i-n-em-bn-cn-
bvpw. Cu ]cn-Wm-as kw_-nv D]\n-j-p-Iv
X-ap- v. Dm-h {]km-Z hpw ltjm-m-Z hpw
\nd Hcp nXn-bmWv; krjvSn-bmb Poh krjvSn-
sb \ne-hnv {kjvSm-hn-t\mSp tNcp-, IrXy-ambn ]d-
m Xm {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]np Ign-p-
shv A\p-` hw hcp Hcm-\ - m-h --bm-Wn-Xv. Cu
]q-Xsb DNn-Xa - mbn hnh-cnm \ssmm-hn-.
\mw AXn\v {]Xo-I--fp-]t- bm-Kn-bvp-p. imizX Pohn-
X-ns kzcq]w Hcm-\-m-h - -bmWv; ]q-kz-X{- -
amb Hcp nXn-bmWv; Pohm-m-hns kpJ-a -b-amb
hnkvX m-c-a mWv; AhnsS kzhpw `qanbpw Hnp
tNsm-gp-Ip--Xmbn tXmpw.
Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv GIm-Im-c-ambn tNcpp
Fp ]d-bp `mK- D]-\n-j-p-I-fn ]e-bn-S-p-
ap-v, ""{]Whw hnpw, Bmhv Apw, {_w AXns
ey-hp-am-Wv. A{]-a--\m-b-h AYhm nX-{]-
As--Ww. Av Fp-h - Ap-t]mse Bbn-o-
cp-p. ey-amb {_-tmSv sFIyw {]m]n-p-p.''
Bmhv {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. ChnsS Bm-
hn\pw {_-n\pw Xn ]q-amb XmZmyw Dd-n-
p-]-d-n-cn-bvp-p. hopw ""Ahn-\m-in-bmb {_-
n Ch-sbmw Hm-bn-t-cp-p.'' ""Ah A-c-\mb
]c-am-m-hn kayIv {]Im-c-n nNn-sN-p-p.''
""Ah k-\pw km-m-hp-am-Ip-p.'' ""Ah
Fmnepw {]th-in-pp'' ap-\mb Bmhv Fm
hkvXp--fnepw {]th-in-bvpp; Fm hkvXp-fpw `mh-
cq-]- n XmZmyw {]m]n-p- p. ""Cu Bm-hns\
{]m]nv Ejn-am X t\Snb m\-m kwXr-
]vX-cm-Ip-p. X-fpsS Ihyw \n-ln- -h-cmbn
Fm Ima--fn\npw ap-cm-bn, ]q-i-at- msS
k- K-\mb Bm-hns\ k-`m-K--fn-eq- sSbpw {]m]nv
GIm-{K-Nncmbn (bp-m-m--fm-bn) k-cq-]-amb
{_-n {]th-in-bvpp'' ka- kvX-hn- iz- tbpw k-
{Km-ln-bmb GI-k--bn Dd-p-\n-p--Xmbn A\p-`-
hn-p--hv ZpxJ-t-im-Zn-I-fp-m-Ip-n-. ""thZm
hnm-\ - m kwi-b-te-is - at\y tbmw Dd-
p [cn--h-cmbn k\ym-k-tbm-K-m ip-k-Xz-m-cm-b-
h {_- tem-I-sf {]m]n-p-p. ico- c-Xym-K-ns ka-
b-m-Is ]c-a-amb Aa-c-`mhw {]m]nv kYm ap-
cm-bn-o-cp-p. apmmhnp Xm {]]ns
{kjvSmhmsWp ]db hn[w ]cammhnt\mSv
{]KmVamb sFIyt_m[apmIpp. ""Rm A- am-Wv.
Rm Am-Z- \mWv (`-n-p--h). Rm Im-hmWv;
Rm I-am-Wv. Rm cpw IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. (A- - n-
tbpw Am- Z-tbpw kwLm-X-Im-hm-Wv) Rm apv
(k-Xym-k-Xy- cq-]-I-amb PK- n\papv) P\n-N--h-\m- Wv.
Rm Cu {]]- - ns kwlm-c -I m-h p-a m-W v.
kqcy\p Xpeyw \nXy-{]-Im-ia - p--XmWv Fs tPymXn-
v. Rm Cu kwkm-c-n-tbpw Aacmcmb tZh-m-
cp-tSbpw tI{-am-Wv.'' Cu kq--fn\nv a\-n-em-
 23

I Ip-Xv B Ah-b- n thdn hyn-t_m-[-ns [-ZrjvSym t\mp-tm Pohm-mhv Fm-cw t`Z-`m-h- K

{]k-ntb Cs-m-W.v AXp-sImv B Dm-h--bn -tfbpw hnti-j-XI - -tfbpw Hgnp AXp-an-Xp-an-m
I-ns {]iv\hpw D`-hn-p-n- . CXv icocw A\no-X-amb Hcp a[y--h-kvXp-hmbn \ne-sIm-p-
hnebw {]m]nv , a\v sI-W-v, khpw AXn-cn- p. Ccw Imcy-f - n Ddw \Snp Ign-bp A{i-
m Ccp-n-emgvp t]mtb-S-v, tNX-\m-iq-\y-amb Hc- -m bYm-n hfsc {Inbm-io-e-cm-Imw. XmXzn-I-
Xn-Po-hn-em-sWp tXmpw. \app thW-sa-n-e-Xns\ ]--n\v _ew sImSp-m apm-mhv ]q-X{- ]m-
kz]v\ - -fn-m Dd--sa-tm, t_m[-iq-\y-amb imn- ]n Pohm-m-hm-Wp \apv a\-n-emm Ign-bpw.
sbtm ]d-bmw. bm-hIy ssat{X-bnv CXv hnh- XnIpw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv Xpey-am-W-Xns \ne. apm-
cnp sImSp-p-I-bmWv: ""Hcp-p-I sh-n-en-m AXv mhv Xs Fm B{K-l--tfbpw \nd-th-n-smv
Aen-p-tN-cp-p. AXp-]ns Hcp-q-n-sb-Sp-m Ign- temIm--c- -fn k-cn-p--Xmbn {]Jym-]n-p
bn-. Fm B sh-n\nv GXp `mK-sa-Spp kq-nI apn {]m]n Pohm-m-v {Inbm-io-e-
t\mn-bmepw Dp-]p-fn-bp-m-bn-cnbvpw. bYm-n amb Pohn-Xa - p-sv kqNn-n-pp. ""Cu temI--fn
al-mb Cu Bm-hns nXnbpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. k-cn-p-sIm-,v Cm-\p-kmcw `Ww Ign-p-sIm-v.
AXv A\--amWv; A]-cn-an-X-amWv; m\-ns ]q- CjvS-n-\\ - p-k-cv \m\m BIm-c - kzoI-cnv kam-
X-bm-Wv. Cu Poh-k-Xz--fn-eqsS CXp {]Xy-- ambn. Ah- K-m\w sNbvXp sImp hncm-Pnp-p.'' Fmepw Xm
tbm-sSmw Am-\hpw sNp-p. arXyp-hn\p tijw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]n-n-cnpp F [mc-
tNX-\m-h-k-Y-bn-.'' ssat{Xbn ]d-bpp: ""arXyp-hn\p W-bpapv. Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n-\-\p-k-cnp Aa-c-Xz-sa-
tijw tNX-\b - n-sp ]d-bp A-bpsS hmp-I m Xs-m tZh-{]-tZ-i-tbvv Dbn Fn-
F\nbvp ]cn-{`-a-ap-f-hm-p-p.'' bm-h-Iy Dcw -em-Wv. Cuiz-c-t\mSv kmlNcysa-mWv apWvU-tIm-]-
\Ip-p. ""]cn-{`-an-bvt--Xmb Imcy-sampw Rm `h- \n-jp ]d-bp--Xv. Cuiz-c-t\mSv ]c-ak - m-Zr-iy-sapw
Xn-tbmSp ]d-n-tm. CXp XnIpw a\-n-em-m-hp ]d-n-cnpp. hyn- ]-c-amb Ccw I- km[y-
kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-n ssZzX-`m-ha - p-m-hp-tm am-m thn-bmWv Pohm-mhv Cuiz-c-Xp-ey-\m-Ipp
Hcmv asm-cm-tfmSv kwkm-cnm Ign-bpw, Hcmv Fp ]d-b-s-n-p--Xv. ]c-tam--X-amb Zi-bpsS kz`m-
asmcmtfmSv kwkmcnm Ignbpw. at-bm ]d-bp- h-s-p-dnv F{X-Xs hyXy-kvXm-`n-{]m-b- -fp-s-
Xp tIm Ign-bpw. Hcmv at-bm-sf-n hnNm- nepw Hcp Imcyw Xo-bm-Wv. AsXmcp k{In-bm-h - -
cn-bv m Ign-bpw. Hcmv CX-c-s\- n A\p-am-\n- bmWv; ]q kzX-{-X-bmWv; ]nc-]qmh--bp-amWv;
bvm\pw Ign-bpw. Fm Hmtcm ]Zmhpw Abm- IrXy-am-bn--d - m- \ap-m-Zi - sb hn-smn-bvm-
fpsS Bm-hm-bn--gn-m]ns Fp-sImv Bsc- \m-hn-. C\n Fs-n-ep-samcp hnh-cWw IqSntb Ignbq
m- W m Ignbpw? F p- s Im v BcpsS Kw Fp-s-n AXns\ Znhy-Po-hn-X-ns Hc-h-m-t`-
{LmWnpw? Fp-sIm--ht- cmSp kwkm-cnpw? Fp Z-sap ]d-bp--Xmhpw \-Xv. kqcy-c-ivan-I kqcy-\n
hgn-bmbn B ]d-bp- Xp tIpw? Fp-sImv ebn-bvp t]mse-bpw, Ae-I kap-{Z-n-sem-Xp-p-
hnNmcw sNpw? Adnbpw? Cu kwkvX-hn-iz-tbpw Adn- -t]m-sebpw kzc- Km\-e-l-cn-bn CW-p-t- ]m-
bp Fp-]I - -cWw sImm-W-hs\ Adn-bpI? k- se-bp-a - msX AXn-ep-a[ - n-I-ambn B-k hn\m-ia - S- -
hp-a-dn-bp Ahs\ Fn-eq-sS-bm-W- dn-bpI?'' CXn \nv bp-n- . Pohm-m- hns kwKoXw kwkm- c-bm-{X- bn hnep-
Hcp Imcyw kv]jvS-am-Wv. \psS _pnv {Kln-m ]vX-\m-Ip-n-,. AsXspw Hp-X-s-bm-W,v Fm
Ign-bm-h - n[w Hcp {]tXy-Ic - o-Xb - n Ihpw {]Xy- H--Xm-\pw. apm-mhv Fm-n-t\mSpw GIm-Im-c-am-bn-
-m-\hpw Nnbpw t_m[hpw hnp-sIm-mWv Pohm- t-cpp; Cuiz-c-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]nv Pohn- p-p. hn[m-
mhv apn {]m]n-p--Xv. Ch-sbmw tIhew ssZzXm- b-I -amb hnh-c Ww sshb- n-I -amb t`Z-t _m[s
-I-amb Zi-\-ns e-W - fmWtm, Cu I- \ntin-p-X - mbn tXmpw. Cu sshb- -n-I-amb t`Z-
hnj-bn-I-fpsS hntcm-[`- m-hs B{i-bn-mWv \ne- `mhw GsXmcp hn[-n-ep B-`m-h\ - t- bbpw ASn-
sm-p--Xv. Ahbvv kmt]--I-tem-I-nte kw`m- m- \-am-n- bp--X-s- nepw AXv Cl-tem-I-n Im-
hy-Xb - p-p. ]c-a-tem-I-n-se-n-bm Fm hn[w \m\m- \p-jvTm\w sNp--Xn Pohm-m-hns\ klm-bnp-p.
Xzhpw ssZzX-`m-hhpw AkvXa - n-bvp-sap ]d-bp-p. Pohm-m-hns A-c-n-ep Poh-p-IX ]c-a-k--
AtXm-sSmw Ah aqe-ap-m-Ip {]Xy--m-\hpw tbmSv sFIyw {]m-]n-p-m-Ip B\--a-\p-`-hn-m
I-fpw Cm-Xm-Ip-p. B Ah-b - n \nXy\pw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Bm-`n-hy-n-bpsS Dtiyw \nd-th-
am-an- m- -h -\p-a mb Bmhp am{X-am-W p- m-hp-I . m th Hcp hynXzw tI{s ssIh-i-s-Sp-n-
AXns ]qX-bn Fm KXnIfpw \ne-bvpp; sh-n-p-s-nepw Bm-hn\v Xs Kuc-hhpw Aa-cm-h-
Fm \nd-fpw ap-p. Fm i_vZfpw im-am-Ip- -bpsS al-X zhpw \-h - -a-d n-bm-sap ]d-bp-p.
p. apn-bpsS \ntj-[m--I-hi - - -fm-Wnh; koan-X_- p- {_m-WvU-\m-S-I-n Cuiz-c {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-
nbvv {Kln-m Ign-bp--hbpw Ch-sbm-s--s- bvp-p-sh-pw, Znhy-tNX\ AXn Xs `mKw A`n-\-
bm-Wv. hn[m-b-I-amb Hcp hihpw IqSn CXn-\p-v. \psS bn- p-p- spw Pohm-mhv Adn- bp-p- v. apmmhpw
in ]cn-an-Xa - m-Wv. AXp sImv ]c-am-m-hns ]q- B \mS-I - n A`n-\-bn-p-pv; kXys ]q-
Xsb hnh-cn-bvm-\m-hn-. Fm-enXp sImp-am{Xw AXv ambpw ssIhiw shp-sIm-p-Xs! Abm-fpsS Dt-iy-
\ntj-[m--I-amb iq\y-X-bm-bn-sm--W-sa-n-. \ntj- p hg-m-Xmbn Hpw Xs-bn-. ""Ah
N P

I Imns\ Xs kt-ihmlIm-cm-p-p. Pzenp
An-Isf a{n-am-cm-p-p.'' hyXykvX-hn-h-c-W-sf
XXz-m-\--fn-eqsS CW-n-tm hopw Ipsd-
mew IqSn Imn-cn-bvt-n-h-p. Cu Pohn-X-nsh-
p-Xs Alm-cs \on--f-bpI kw`m-hy-am-Wv.
Ans\ Cu Pohn-X - n ]qX t\Sp--hs\ Poh-
p--s\p ]d-bp-p. Aar-XX - z-n-ep B\w Poh-
ps kz--K-Xn-bns {]I-S-am-Ip-p.
Fm `mc-Xo-b-X-Xz-Nn--I-mcpw tamw P\-\a - c
-fn \np apn-bm-sW Imcy-n tbmPn-bvp-
p-v. Cuiz-c-t\mSv kmbq-Py-sa-Xv \nXy-\m-IpI F-
Xns asmcp t]cm-Wv. "\nXyX'sb ImW-s-Sp Cu
`uXn-I-{]]--ns kt-X-n-tev Xa sNbvXm-
eXv P-ar-Xyp-c-ln-X-amb Ah--Xs - -bm-Wv.
]m]hpw ZpxJm-\p-`hpw
AssZz-X-]--Xn-I-fn-ep-S-\ofw hgn-sX-n-bvp Hcp XS-
-amWv ]m]-ns {]iv\w. thZ-a-{--fn sshZn-I-
hn-[n-bv-\p- Iq-e-ambn {]hn-p-Xp ]pWy-ambpw hnh-
]co- -Xa- mbn {]hnp-Xp ]m]-ambpw ]d-n-cn-bvp-
p. D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n \nXy-Po-hn-Xs
-n-b p m\w ]pWyhpw Am-\w-]m-]h
Cu anYym-Zi-\s {]I-Sn-n-p BN-c-Whpw A-Xn-
s\-p-Sp Bm-hns H-s-Sepw ]m]m-Nm-c-am-Wv.
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n {]]--nse \nJn-
e-]-Zm-- tfbpw Cuiz-c-{]m-]X v n-p D]-I-c-a--fmbn
ImtW--Xp-v. \ma-hsb \nb-Xc - q-]-fpwths]--h-bp-
ambn Icp-Xp-Ibpw \mw kzbw thdn LS-I
[cn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n [mn-Ia - mbn ]m]w sNp-p.
Al-mcw aqew ]q-{_- - ns ]c-am-[n-Im-cs
\ntj-[n-epw kzbw kmw-K-]qhpw kzbw-]-cym-]X
hp-am-sWp {]Jym-]n--ep-am-Wn-hn-sS-bp sXv. ]q-
{_--ns ]c-tam--Xm-h-sb BN-c-W-ns Al-
mcw sImv \n-cm-I-cn-pp F-XmWv ChnsS ]m]-am-
bn-o-cp-X - v. kzm-a-b-amb Al-m-cs P\n-n-
bvp AI--g-n-m AZrjvSn Xs kp-Nn-X-
`m-hs sIn-n-Snp \npp; Fm-hn[w XymK--
fn \npw ]nh-en-bp-p. AXns km-\-amWv ]m]w.
D]-\n-j - p-I - ]m]w amb-bm-sWp ]d-bp-n; B
]m]w imiz-Xa - m-sWpw kqNn-n-bvp-n-. Cu c-h-
kvXI - -fnepw AXn\v Iosgm-Xpn hgpI a\-jys
I-hy-am-bn-cnpw. ]pWy-ambn ]cn-h\w sNm
_m[y-X-s- -XmWv F A- n ]m]w Ab-Ym-
am-Wv. AXns cq]w amm {]bXv\w Bh-iy-am-sW-
tmp-tm A{X-tmfw AXp bYm-hp-am-W.v
B tNX-\b - psS m\v ]c-am-tN-X-\sb
IpSn-bn-cp-p-Xv ]pWy-am-sW-n-cns Xs Bmhv
Cuiz-c-t\-m DX\msWp hcp-p-Xv ]m]-am-W.v
D]-\n-j-p-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n kZm-Nmcw hkvXp--
fpsS bYm kz`m-hs {]I-Sn-n-p-p. Ah-km-\-
n- ]pWyw am{Xta hnP-bnp-Ib - p-p. ""kXyw Pbn-
pp; AkXyw Pbnp-n.'' ]m]w Hcp \ntj-[m--
I-amb hkvXp-hmWv; X\n-p-Xm FXn-cmWv; arXyp-XX
N P
24
am-Wv. ]pWy-am-Is \n-bm--Ihpw bYm-hp-amWv; K
Pohn-X-X-Xz-hp-am-Wv. ]m]-n\v Fm-ht- cbpw kwXr-]vX-
cm-m Ign-bn-.
Bo-b-Po- hn-X-np a\p-jym-h--I-fn Ign-tb- n-
h-cp-t-S-tmfw Imew ZpxJs XpS-p-\o-n--f-bm-\m-
hn-. Xs kq-k-bpw Cuiz-cm-Wa - m-bn-o-
cp--Xp-hsc ZpxJm\p`-h - f - psS {Ia-n \S-p D-
Xn-{]-{Inb Ah-km-\n-n-m Ign-bn-. D]-\n-jp ]d-
- -W- bpp: ""a\p-jy bYm-n b-am-Ipp'' \mw
Cuiz-cm-`n-ap-J-cm-bn-o-cp-X - p-hsc PohnXw \nc--c-amb
arXyp-hm-Wv. a\p-jym-mhv \nXy-k-sb {]m]n-bvm-
\mbn tinp Xn-n- S-bvp Hcp ]oUm-m- \-amWv Pohn-
Xw. adItfmtcmtmtcmmbn \otXpv. Cuizcob
PohnXw ssIh-cp--Xn\p apmbn Pohn-X-n-ep {`mn
kaqew \in-Ww.
Iw
EtKz-Z-nse "EX'n {Ia-k-am-[m-\ - fpw k`-
c- Whpw {]I-S-am- bn-m-Wmw. I-kn-m- -n--\p-k-cnp
t\mn-bm [mn-IP - K
-
- n A\n-n-Xtam An-
ctam Bb bmsXmcp hkvXphpw ImWp-I-bn-. \mw hnX-
- -
bvp-Xv \mw sImp-p. ]pWy-ns ]pWyns
- p-am-Wv.
hnpIrjnsNbvXm ]pWy ^ew sImmw, ]mhns
hnn \np ]m]hpw. Ghpw sNdnb Iw t]mepw
a\p-j y-k z-`m-h - n kzm[o\w sNep-p-p. I-
mbn Xs Dn-en-c-pv t{]cW \In-sm-n-cn-
p Nne hmk-\-Is - fmw XmX-s hnNmcw sNbvXv
t_m[-]qw Xnc-s-Sp ]q-I--fpsS ]cn-Wm-
- -fm-sWp
a-am-s Wp a\p-j y-\ -dn-h p- v. Adn- p-s Imv \mw
sNp I- Ipsd Ign-m AmX ioe-
-f m-bn-o-cp- p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Cp \ap-p
v -
Am-X-hm-k-\I - ap]v t_m[-]q-w sNbvXp-h
kzw I--fp-sS-Xs ]cn-Wm-aa - m-sWv Icp-Xs
- -
Sp-p. kap-{Z-nse Ae-b-Sn-I-tfbpw \-{X--fpsS KXn-
I-tfbpw \app XSp-p-hm Ign-bm--t]m-se--s-
[mn- I-hn-Im- k-ns {]{In-b-tbbpw XS- bm \mw Ak-
a-cm-W v. I-\n-b-a- sf AXn-ew-Ln-b vm \S-
p {iaw Hcm Xs \ng-ens\ Hgn-hm-n-tm-Im
{ian-bv p- -t]m-s e- s \njv^ -e-am-Wv. Ime-s -
smp amp-I-f-bmt\m ac-W-s-smp Npc-n--f-
bm-t\m, Ign-bm I--fpsS Hcp {]am-W-tcJ a\pjy
Pohn-X- n-ep-s- Xv Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-kn- m--am-Wv. tZh-
b---f-\p-jvTn-m ]m]-tam-N-\-ap-m-Ip-sa ]gb
sshZn-I-kn-m--n\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-Im-
Wp-p-v. ]m]w sNp--h arXypsh {]m]n-bvp-sav
Hcp tLmc-in-m-hn-[nbpw hnfw-_cw sN-s-n-cn-bvp-
p. Hcp a\p-jy ]pWy-hm-\m-IpI bPvR--fn-eq-sS-b;
k{]-hr-n-If - n-eq-sS-bmWv: ""Hcp a\p-jy k{]-hr-
n-IsImv \h\pw No hrn-I sImv No-
h\pw Bbn- o-cp-p.'' hopw ""a\p- jy Cm-i- n-bp
Pohn-bm-Wv. Cu temI-n Ah hnNm-cn-p-t- ]m-
se-s ]c- tem- Ipw Bbn-o-cpw.'' AXp sImmWv
\tmSv \-Xns\ Cn-bvm\pw \-Xp-Xs sNm\pw
- z- hn[n-n-p--Xv. ""Ah Xs a\-p-sImv GXp-tem-I-

I sf {]m]n-m sImXn-mepw GXp hkvXp Inm-\m-{K-
ln-mepw B temI-fpw B hkvXp-fpw ]cn-ip--lr-
Z-b-\mb Ah\p e`y-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-sImp {]I-S-
i-n-bmb `qXnsb B{K-ln-p--h Bm-hns\ icn-
bm-b-dn-bp (B--{]--bm-b) D]-ks D]m-kn-bv-
Ww.'' I-ns {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-mWv A\m-Znbpw A\-
-hp-am-bn-p k P\-\-a-cW- - -fp kwkm-c-am-bn-
o-cp--Xv. I-kn-mw a\p-jy tZh-m arK-,
hr-e-Xm-Z-nI Ch-sb-sbmw Xs heb-n ]nSnp
Iqp- p.
bYm-n D]-\n-j-p--fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
kap-Zm-b-tk-h\w sImt I-n \np apn e`n-
p-I-bp-p. kzm-I- sNbvXp-sIm-n-cnp-t-
S-tmfw Imew \mw I-_ - - ns \nb-a-n\p
A[o-\c - m-bn-cn-pw. \mw Bk-n-cl - n-Xc - mbn Im-\p-
jvTm\w sNp--]w apn {]m]n-p-p. ""\obn-s\
Pohnbvs Iw \ns IpSp-m bmsXmcp Imc-W-
hp-an-.'' \mw P-ar-Xyp-f - psS N-eb - n _-cm-Im
ImcWw I- sNpp F-X kzm-]q-
amb I--fm-Wv. hyn-I X sNp-X - ns
D-c-hm-Znw kzbw Gs-Sp-msX B `mcw hn[n-bpsS
Xebvtm \-{X--fp-tStbm as-n-t-sb-n-eptam
tase-Nmcn Hgn-p- amdnsmn- cp Ime- L--n I-
kn-mw Cs\ \njvIjn-p. ""Hcp ]n kzbw IqSp-
mn AXn _-\ - -\m-Ip t]mse a\p-jy
kzbw _\m-Ip-p.'' \psS apI-fn an-m-Wp
hkvXp Ccp Zpn-[n-b-. \mw Xs app sNbvXp-
sh I--fm-Wv, \mw kwkm-c-N-{I-n\v Cc-b-.
ZpxJm-\p-`hw ]m]-n\p Inp thX\amWv. C-c-sam-
cm-ibw kZm-Nm-c-\n-jvTm-\-n\p in-bmb t{]c-W-bm-
sW Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. a\p-jys I-v
AXn-cn-Sp Nne \n_--\-I-fp-st CXn--ap-p.
\ma \s krjvSn-Xv,. Zpm-[-amb Fs-nepw Imcyw
t\cn-Sp-tm-gmWv \mam-{K-lnvp hn[w apgp-h \app
sNm-\m-hn Fp \mw a\-n-em-p-Xv.v icnbvp a\-
n-em-nb I-kn-mw kZm-Nmc {]b-Xv\s \ncp-
m-l-s-Sp-p-n-. a\-n\v hnep hbvp-n-. Cm-
i-nsb N-ebvn-Sp-n. Fm Icy-fpw ]qm-h-
- I- fpsS A\n-hm- cy- amb ]cn- Wm-a-am-sWp am{Xta AXp
]d-bp-p-p. Imcy-ambn ]cn-W-anp Hcp kz`m-h-apv
Imc-W-n-\v. {]Ir-Xn-tb-m Db \ne-bn-ep Pohm-
mhv AXns kzmX{yw {]tbm-Kn-bvp-n-s-n `qX-
Im-es BN-c-Whpw h-am-\-Im-e]cn-n-Xnbpw a\p-
jy-s I-v XnIpw hni-Zo-I-cW - a - m-bn-o-cpw.
a\p-jy {]Ir-Xn-bpsS shdp-samcp D]--a-. Ah
Xs I-t-m _e-hm-\m-Wv. hn[n-bmWv k-hp-
sa-n ]ns kzX{yw kw`m-hy-a - . a\p-jy-Po-hnXw
tIhew bm{n-I-_ - - -fpsS {]h-\a -
- . AXn
thsd thsdbmbn ]e \ne-If - p-apv ss\kn-I-Z-i,
{]mWm-[m-c-\n-e, Pm{K-Z-h - , _un-I-Z-i, [mn-I-\ne
Cs\ Cu Hgp-p-I At\y\yw Atm-p-an-tmpw
apdn-p-I-S- p-Ibpw Dn-tebv p Xf-n-d -p-I bpw
sNpp. a\p-jys \nav\-{]-Ir-Xnsb `cn-bvp I
N P
25
knm--n\v Ah-\n-ep [mn-I-hi K
- hp-ambn bmsXm-
cn-S-]m-Sp-an-. Pohm-m-hns kmc-XXzw kzmX-{y-am-Wv.
AXns\ D]-tbm-Knv a\p-jy\v Xs {]mIr-Xn-I--fmb
at\m-th-K-sf \ntcm-[np \nb-{n-bvm Ign-bpw.
AXp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv Ahs PohnXw ss\Kn-
Iambn \n-bn-bv-s Ah-I - -fpsS ]c-c - -bn
\nv IqSp- X t{ijvT - a mbn \np- - X v . apn-
bvmbnsmp Ah-s Fm {]h- \-fpw \nXy-
kz-`m-hs B[m-c-am-n-sm-m-I-cpXv; ]cn-n-Xn-I-
fpsS BLmXw sImp-am-b n- q-S. A-cm-m-hns
kzmX{y t{]cW sImp-Xs Bbn-cn-bv-Ww.
I-n\p cp hi--fpv; Hp hniz-hym-]n- bmWv;
atXp a\x-imkv-{X-]chpw. Hmtcm Ihpw AXns
kzm`m-hn-I-amb ]cn-Wmaw kwkm-c-n-tebvp \evI-p-
v. AtX kabw AXv a\pjy a\-n Hc-kv]j - vS-[m-
cW ]Xn-n-bvpp; Hcp khn-ti-j-{]-hW - X- b
- p-f-hm-p-
p. Cu {]h-WX AYhm kwkvImcw As-n hmk-
\-b mWv \s Hcn- sNbvX {]hrn hopw
Bhn-bvm t{]cn-n-bvp--Xv. Ans\ t\mn-
bm Cu kwkm-c-n Hmtcm {]hr-n-bvpw AXn-
t-Xmb ^e-apv; AXv a\-n {]`m-hhpw sNep-p-
p. BZyw {]kvXm-hn Xc-n-ep I-^e - -sf
kw_-n-t-S-tmfw \msa-{X-Xs {ian-mepw \ap--
h-bn\np c-s-p-\n-evm Ign-bn-. Fm am\-
kn-I-{]-hW
- X- I
- sf thW-sa-n \app \nb-{n-m
Ign-bpw. \psS `mhn-bn-ep BN-c-Ws kw_-n-
t-St- mfw Fmcw kw`m-hy-XI - -fp-ap-v. B-kw-
baw sImv \app ]qWy-amb at\m-hr-n-Isf in-
s-Sp-m Ignbpw; Zpn-Im-c-sf Xfm\pw Ign-
bpw.
I-]-Xn BkvXn-Iy-kn-m-tmSv s]mcp--s-
Sp-n-sp ]e-tmgpw ]ecpw hmZn-bvm-dp-v. AJn-e-
{]-]- -nepw A[n-Imcw \S-p Ahpw At_m-
[-hp-amb Hcp XXz-amWv Iw. AXv Cuiz-cs \nb-
{-W - n-\p-t]mepw hnt[-b-a-. ss\kn-I-amb Hcp
\nbaw \S-m-m \ap-smcp \ymbm-[n-]\ - m-h-iy-an-.
]c-am-m-hns bYm-X-tbmSp s]mcp--sSm-X
I-XX - zw. I-s--n-bp [mn-I-kn-mw ]c-
{_--ns kzcq-]s {]I-S-am-- em-Wv. Cu {]{In- bsb
\nb-{n-bvp-Xv Hcp Znhy-i - n-bm-sWp kKp-W-
kn-m-s A\p-k-cnv \app ]d-bm Ign-bpw. thZ-
-fn Cu \nb-a-kw-ln-Xsb EX-sap ]d-bpw. hcp-W-
\mWv EX-ns A[n-]-Xn. tZh-m-cpsS am-an-m
Imcy-sf Iw FSpp ]d-bp-p. CXv bYm-k-
-bpsS kzcq-] - ns GXn-tbpw kzm-]c - -amb CS-
s]-S Akm-y-am-n-opp. imkv{Xob \nb-a--
fp-tSbpw {]hr-n-I-f-p-tSbpw B[p-\n-I-kn-m-hpw CtX
\n-b-n-em-sW-p--X.v Ah kzhpw An-c-hp-
amb ssII-S - -en-t\mSp hntbm-Pn-bvp-p. Cuiz-c-k-
sb sXfn-bnm Ap-X-Ir-Xy- Bh-iy-am-sW-
n imkv{X- Cuiz-cs\ Fs-t-bvp-ambn \in-
n-p-I-gn-n-cn-pw.
Pohn-X-nepw BNm-c
- nepw I-kn-m- -s-

I tmse al-Xz-ta-dnb asmcp hnizm-k-{]-am-Wa- n-. Pohn-
X-n \ap-s p kw`-h n- mepw AXn\v H-Xpn
hgn hWn \n-Ww. ImcWw Ah \psS `qX-
Im-es I-ns ^e-am-Wv. C\nbpw `mhn \psS
ssIbvp-n-emWv; \apv Bi-tbmSpw hnizm-k-tmSpw
IqSn {]hn-bvmw. Iw `qX-Im-e-n\v Iosgm-Xp-
m\pw `mhn-sb-p-dn-m-in-m\pw t{]cW \evIp-p.
AXv {]]--nse ]Zm--sfmpw AXnse hnP-b-
]-cm-Pb
- --sfmpw Bm-hns aln-asb kv]in-p-
n Fv a\p-jysc [cn-n-pp. kZm-Nmcw Xs-
bmWv \. Db ]Z-hntbm sFiz-cytam A; htam
-hw-itam A. \ XmsX thsd \-bn.
`mhn PohnXw
]c-temI Pohn-Xs - -n CtX-hsc kpkw-K-X-amb
Hcp nc knm-hpw Dm-bn--gn-n-n-s-nepw CXn-
s\-n thZ-Im-e-tbpw {_mW-Im-e-tbpw hnNm-c-
D]-\n-j - p-If - n Ipsd-qSn hnI-kn--Xm-bn-m-
Wmw. CXv ]p\ Nn-bpsS cq]-n D]-\n-j - p-
I-fn apJy-amb m\w ]nSn-n-cn-p-p. Cu Bibw
BZy-a mbn iX]Y {_mWnemWv ImWp- - X v.
AXn ac-W-n\p tijw hopw hopw P\n-bvp-I,
hopw hopw acn-bvpI Fo c-h-I - {Inbm-
{]-Xn-{Io-bm-cq-]-n-ep Hcp kn-{i-[m-c-Wb - mbn {]I-S-
am-Ip-p. bYm-m\w t\Sn [y-I--f-\p-jT v n-
p-sImv PohnXw \bn--h ac-W-tijw Aa-cXzw {]m]n-
bv m-\mbn hopw P\n-bvp-p. AtX kabw B
m\w t\SmsX IhyI- sf Ah-K-Wn- p-
sImp Ime-bm-]\w sNbvX-h hopw hopw P-sa-
Spp arXyp-hn-n-c-bmbn `hn-bvp-p. {_mWw ASp
temI-nte P\-\-ac - -\W- \S-p--Xmbn kzoI-
cn-bvp-p-p. D]-\n-j-p-I-fnemb-tm B hnizmkw
Cu temI-mWv ]p\--sa hnizmk {]am-W-ambn
amdn. c-`n-{]m-b--fpw. cRvPn-n-se-n-bn-cnpp Fp
\ap-p ]dbm-\m-hn-. Nne-tm cpw Hcp-an--Xmbn
ImWmw. k-pw ZpjvI-pw Cc-- ac-W-tijw aqp am-sf kzoI-cnt--Xp-m-bn-cp-
^e A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p-v. Hcn-bv ]c-tem-Ipw
AXn]ns ]\--sa-Spv Cu temIpw. arX-i-
cocw Zlnv `kvaa - m-bn--gn-m Pohm-mhv Dz-e-
amb tPymXn- b-cq-]- n ]c-tem- I-bm{X XpS-tijw
DSs\ aqp am-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp Poh-\n-tep aS-p-
p.
{_-tmSv GIm-Im-c-am-bn-t-cp-I -bmWv Aa-cX - z-
ns Ghpw Db Ah-. Cu A`n-{]mbw D]-\n-
j-p-I-fn kv]jvS-ambn {]Xn]mZnnpv. tZhm
]ctamX kIfmbncptm AhtcmSp tNcp
Xnembncpp apn, Ctm {_w ]ZmfpsS
BZnXXzhpw. {]]-ns ]c-aa - mb B[m-c-hp-am-bn.
AXp-s Imp {_-t m-Sp tN-bmbn imizX
PohnXw ]c-tam--X-amb tam-n-se-s-nepw \yq\X
hv \apv ]X\w `hn-p ]w Ime-ns A[n-
Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn-tep Xmgm\pw Hc-h
- -bn \nv asm-
n-te-mbn XpSsc HmSn-sm-n-cnm\pw \mw \n--
cm-Ipw. apn {]m]nbvm Bmhv P\-\a - -c-W-\n-b-a-
N P
26
p hnt[-b-\mWv; CtX kwkm-c-n hopw K
hopw P-sa-Spv Xs hn[n \n-ln--Ww. bYm-
amb Aa-cXzw apm-m-p--XmWv; _p-m-cpsS
PohnXw Imem-[o-\-hp-am-W.v ""shfp-Xpw Z-lo-\-hp-amb
Bn-tbmsS hngp-p m\-tbvv Rms\m-cn-
bvepw t]mIm-Xn-cn-bvs'' Fsmcp {]m\ \mw
tIm-dp-v. sNbvX I-ns kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cnv
AXn-s\m Xc-n-emWv A\-c - -Pw e`np-I. Pohm-
mhv kzbw t{ijvT-Po-hn-X-n-te-bvp-bv Fp
m\-n\v kz-sapw AXp-t]mse Xs-m
Xmtgmv hogp-n-S-tv \c-I-sapw ]d-bp-p. Cu
kwkm-c-P o-h nXw Bm-hns bYm Pohn-X -a;
koanX ]Zm- \-tfmSp ]n-n-Snp \np-t-
S-tmfw Imew \apo kwkm-c-ns ASn-aw t]dn
\S-t-n-hcpw. koan-X-tm-sSmn \np-sImv \ap-sm-
cn-bvepw ]qs {]m]n-m Ign-bn; \ma-Xn-s\-
{X-s ASp-s-n-bnpw Imcy-an-. ]ptcm-KXn \nc-
-c-amb hnIm-k-amWv; As-n kX-Xa - mb kmao-]y-
amWv. km-X-Xz-sf Xosc AI-n-bm Cuiz-c-t\m-
ssSIyw km[n-bvpp; ]noSp kwkm-c-n-tev aS-
-an-. Bm-hns A\p-im-k-\a - mWv kkmcw sImp-
t- in-n-p--Xv.
Hcp XXz-im-kv{X-n\pw AXns `qX-Im-e-N-cn-{X-s
Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-Xs kw_-n-p
D]-\ n-j - n- m- - n\v ]c-t em-I - n k-
v km-\hpw ZpjvI-v inbpw hn[n-
bvp {]mNo\ sshZnI knm--tmSpw tbmPnp
t]mtI--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. a\p-jys bYm- n-Xn-I- kz-`mhw
]pXnb ]p\- -h m-Z s {]mNo-\-a mb ]c-temI
imkv{X-t mSv tbmPn- nm {ian- p. AXn ba-
[s `c-W-n-ep arXm-m--fpsS B\--a-b-tem-
I-s--nbpw ZpxJ-]q-amb AImc-t em-I-s--
nbpw hn-n-p-m-bn-cpp. CXp Imc-W-ambn D]-\n-j-
n-m-- n- smcp hnj-aX t\cn-p. Fs- m AXn
p. ""\mw Cu As {]Xn-]m-Zn-p Hcp Bj-
kq-hpw tIn-p-v. "Rm ]nXr-bm-\-amw tZh-bm-\-
amw Fn-s\ a\p-jyv cp am- tIn-p-
v. ]nXr-m-\p \np A-co--n-tbpw
amXr-m-\ - p ]rYn-hn-bp-tSbpw a[y-n-ep Fm
PwKa hkvXp-fpw KXn-sN-p-Xv Cu cp am--fn-
eq-sS- - s-bmWv'' arXm- m-hn\v Xm `qan- bn shv Pohn-
X-Im-ep sNbvX I--fpsS ^e-a\ - p-`-hn-bvm-\mbn
D]-\n-j-p-I cp am-s - f--n-bmWv ]d-n-p--
Xv. Hns\ tZh-bm\w AYhm An-mw Fp ]d-
bpp; {]Im-ia - bamb amw Fw. cm-a-tXv
]nXr-bm\w AYhm [qa-am-amWv; AXm-bXv A-Imc
amw. BZy-tXv An, tPymXn-v, Alv apX-emb
hn`n am--fn-eqsS {_-temIw AYhm kXy-tem-
I-tv \bnp-p. B temI-s-n-bm ]ns
aS-a - n-. {_m-hns\ ]pWym-m--sfmw sNs-p-
, Xs cmP-[m-\n-bn D-Xk - nw-lm-k-\ - n-en-cp-c
- p-
fp hnj-bm-{in-X-k--bmbn ImWp-t-S-tm-fta tZh-

I bm-\-am-n--ap-p. Fm Pohm-Xav mhpw {_-
-hp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]n-p-I-gn-m {_m-hns
knwlm-k\w Cf-Ip-I-bm-bn. tZh-bm\w ]c-ak - --bp-ambn
sFIyw {]m]n-bvm-\p Hcp Nhn-p-hgn am{X-ambn Ah-
ti-jn-bvp-p. ]nXr-bm-\-am-Is [qaw cm{Xn apX-emb
hgn-I -f n-e qsS N-{- t em- I - n-t ep aS- n- h -cp- n- .
Fm ]nXr-bm-\-qsS t]mIp--h X sNbvX
]pWy-I--fpsS kpJ-^- e-- f-\p- `-hn- p-I- gn-m `qan-
bn-tebvp Xs aS-n-hc - p-p. hnh-cnp-tm hfsc
hyXym-k- ImWpw. Iujo-X-In-{_m-Wn-\p-k-
cnv ac-W-tijw Fmhcpw BZy-ambn t]mIp-Xv N{-
tem-I-n-te-bvm-Wv. hfsc Ip-dp t]tc AhnsS \np
]nXr-bm-\-am-ambn {_-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp-p-p.
_mn-bp- -h \m\m-cq-]--fmb X-fpsS I--fpsS
tabpw m\-ns am{X-bp-a-\p-k-cnp a\p-jy
sXmp ]pgp hsc-bp hnhn-[-cq-]--fmb {]mWn-Po-hn-X-
-fn-tebvv aSn hcp-p. tZh-bm-\hpw ]nXr-bm-\hpw
A\p-{I-a -ambn {]Im-i-tem-I- n\pw A-Im-c-tem-I-
n\pw AYhm Am-\-tem-I - n\pw Xpey-am-W v.
AXmWv \s kwkm-c-n _np \np-X - v.
aqm-a-sXmcp am-s--nbpw ]d-bp-p-v. AXv A-
Im-cm-hr-Xhpw ZpxJ-a-b-hp-amb Hcp temI-n-tebvv \bn-
bvp-p. ""Ahpw shhpw HSp-nb Id-hv taen
s]dm tijn-bp-an-m NS ]ip-sf Zm\w sNp--
h B\-- iq-\y- amb temIs {]m]np-p.'' ]pgp-fpw
{]mWn-Ifpw Cg- Pm-Xn-Ifpw Cg-bp- Xpw Pp- Pohnpw
Npw Ign-bp--Xp-amb aqm-as hgn-bm-Wn-Xv. {_-
tmSv XmZmyw kmm-cnp Ign kzX-t{m-
m-hn\v Xs apn-mbn aspw t]mtIn hcp-n-
. Ah-s\-hn-s S-bm-bmepw {_m-\--a\ - p-`-hn-bv p-p.
""Ahs {]mW- Fpw t]mIp-n-. {_-am-bn-
smv {_-kz-cq-]-ns ebn-pp.'' apn
{]m]n--h acp am-n-eq-sSbpw t]mIp-n. apn
{]m]n-bvm Ib- dn-tm- Ip- - h-cmWv tZh-bm-\-qsS bm{X
sNp-X - v. {Ia-n-ep Btcm-lWw hn-s-n-p-
-Xp-sImv {Ia-ap-n-bpsS am-sap ]d-bp-p.
ac-W-tm-Sp-I qsS Bmhpw \in-bv pp F
`uXn-I-ho--Ws D]-\n-j- n--I-m A\p-Iq-enp-
n- . Ahp PohnXw XpSp-\n-p-sa Dd hnizm-
k-apv. ico-c-\m-i-n\npw AXo-Xa- mbn kpc-n-X-
ambn \np Ftm Hp-spw A`n-{]m-b-ap-v.
FhnsS t\mn-bmepw ]c-kv]c - -hn-cp-
- -fmb k-
ev]--fmWv ImWp-I. aX-Im-cy-n-em-sW-n sshZn-I-
amb _lp-tZ-hh - m-Zhpw b-fpw D]-\n-j-p-I-fnse
GtI-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Bo-bPn-hn-Xhpw Dun-bp-d - n--Xmbn
ImWmw. kap-Zm-b-X -e - n PmXn-t`-Za - pv; AXns
ImTn\yw Ipd-bvm hniz-hym-]-I-amb DZm-c-`m-h-hp-ap-v.
]c-tem-I -hn-j-b -n-em-sW-n \c-I- k- - ]-tmSp
IqSnb ]p\ knm--ap-v. Fm icnsb sXv
Aan--fp. {_m-Wo-b-aXw AXns Fm Ahy-
h--I-tfmSpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp---fmb \nc-h[n k-]-
N P
27
-tfmSpw IqSn D]-\n-j - p-Ip tijhpw _p-Im-e- K
n\p app-ap CS-m-ev ]c-a-tIm-Snsb {]m]n-n-cp-
p. [mn-I-ambn hc _m[n Ime-am-bn-cpp AXv;
Ap kXyw I-]n-Snv ]mc--cy-am-bn-o-ncp-p. kZm-
Nmcw Iv Zn\-k-cn-bm-bn-tm-bn-cp-p. PohnXw A\p-jvTm-
\-]c- --cb- m-bn. am\-ht- N-X\ - sb hnln-Xh - y-h--I-tfmSpw
I-hy-I- -fp-t Sbpw Ccp-p-I q-n Atm-p-an-
tmpw Npn-n-cn-p. A-cow {Inbm-I-em-]--fm
izmk-wapn GsX-n-ep-samcp a{w sNmm-sXtbm NS--
\p-jvSn-m-sX-tbm, Hcmp-W-cmt\m InS--hnp Fgp-t-
evm-t\m, Ifn-mt\m, ucw sNm-t\m, apJw Igp-
Imt\m {]mX Ign-bvmt\m \nhr-n-bn-m \ne
hp. p{Zhpw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-hp-amb Hcp k{-Zm-b-n
\nm-c - -fmb anYym-hn-izm-k- \nd-p-In-S-n-cp
Hcp Ime-L- a - m-bn-cpp AXv. ipjvIhpw lrZ-b-lo-\-hp-
amb Hcp Zi-\] -
- -Xn-bp-m-bn-cpp AXn\v; hc-Xpw
]nSn-hm-Z-ap--Xp-amb Hcp aX-ns ka-\hpw AXn\v
e`n-p. AXv Ir{Xn-a-Xzhpw AXn-it- bm-nbpw \nd--
Xm-bn-cp-p. Npcpw hnNm-c-io-e-m-sct]mepw Xr]vXn-s-
Sp-m AXn\ Xosc Ign-n-cp-n-, A[nIw hcp
_lp-P-\s ZoL-Im-e-tp Xr-]vXn-s-Sp-m\pw
Ign-n-. D]-\n-j - p-If- nse GtIizc-hm-Zhpw thZ-
nse _lp-tZ-h-Xm-hm-Z-hpw, D]-\n-j-p-If - nse Bo-
b-Po-hn-Xhpw sshZn-I-amb b-{I-a-hpw, D]-\n-j-pI-
fnse tam--kw-km-c-fpw thK-nse b-{I-a-hpw,
D]-\n-j-nse hniz-hym- ]Xzhpw km[m-c-W-amb PmXn t`Z-
hpw, Xosc Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb Cu Zz--[n-II - mew
Hnp tbmPnp Ign-bm h-mXmbn. ]p\\nmWw
Ime-L--ns AXym-hi - y-am-bn-o--p. a\p-jys
km[m-c-W-Po-hn-X-n-tev Cd-n-h-cm Ign-bp XXz-
K-l\ - hpw IqSp-X [mn-Ih - p-amb Hcp aXamWv B
Ime-Lw {]Xo-n-n-cp--Xv. _p-a-X-mcpw ssP\cpw
NmhmI-m AYhm `uXn-Ih - m-Zn-Ifpw Ap \S-n-en-
cp aX-ns Ir{Xn-a-kz-`mhw Nqn-m-Wn-pIbpm-
bn. BZyw ]d cp Iq Bm-hns [mn-Im-h-
iy-sf Dun--d-p-sImp aX-ns ]p\\nm-
W-n\p {]b-Xv\n-p. Ah D]-\n-j m-\-ns
kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb k-hym-]n-Xzs \n-ln-m {ian-
p-I-bp-m-bn. Fm AtX-k-abw X {_m-W-
Pm-Xn-bpsS {]mam-Wy-n \npw b-]-X - n-If - n
\npw \S-p aX-n \npw Xosc _-a - p-t]m--
Xmbn Ah Icp-Xn. `K-hKo-Xbpw ]no-Sp-mb D]-
\n-j-p-Ifpw `qX-Im-es Ah-ew-_n-bvm Aim-
kv{Xo-b-XX - z-sf IqSp-X kwc--W-`m-ht- msS ka-
\z-bn-n-bvp-hm ]cn-{iaw \S-n. D]-\n-j - p-Ip-
tijw ]no-Sp Ime-L- - n \mn \S-p-m-bn-
cp aX-n-s-Xn-cmbn AXyw ITn-\-amb bmYm-n-
XnI {]Xn-tj-Z- cmPy-ns hnhn-[-`m-K--fnepw cq]w-
sImpshp hcmw; _p-aX - hpw ssP\-a-Xhpw Ing-
Zn-nepw `K-hKoX {]mNo-\-ssh-Zn-I-a-X-ns tIm-
bm-bn-cp ]Sn-m-d {]tZ-i-pw.
 28

I K

N P
 29

I K
D]-\n-jv kam-lm-c-s-n
1. D]-\n- jv thZ-a-{--fpsS hymJym-\- am-Wv. Cuim-hm-ky-D-]- \n- jv ip- b-Pqth-Z-ns \mXmw
Aym-b-am-Ip-p. ap {][m-\-amb Ztim-]-\n- j-p-I Bc-Wy-I--fpsStbm {_m-W-fpsStbm
`mK-am-Ip-p. thZ-a-{m-Jym-\--fmb D]-\n-j-p-Ip thZmw F t]cp-Iq-Sn-bp-v. ]c-{_--
ns kKp-W-\npW kzcq-]-f - mb XXz-sf D]-\n-j - n Ns-p-p. D]-\n-j-p-Ip
hn`n k{-Zm-b--fn-ep BNm-cy-m Ah- cpsS \X-a-\p-k-cnp `mjyw cNn-n-cn-p-p.
D]-\n-j- p-I 108 Fw Dv. Cu 108 D]-\n-j - n Ztim-]-\n-j- n-\mWv Ghpw IqSp-
X {]m[m-\yw. Ah Cuiw, tIXw, ITw, {]iv\w, ap-Iw, sFX-tc-bw, OmtmKyw, _rl-Zm-cWyw Ch-
bm-Ip-p. Nne ]n-X- m tizXm-iz-cw, ssIjo-XIn F cp D]-\nj-p-IqSn CtXm-sSmp
tNv ]{-sw Ghpw {][m-\-ambn Icp-Xp-p. _mn-bp D]-\n-j-p-I A]-c-[m-\-am-bnp
BNm-cym Icp-Xp-p. Ztim-]-\n-j-p-Ip {ioi--c XpS-n-bp-h - `mjyw cNn-n-p-v.
D]-\n-j-p-I 108 IqSp-Xembn 144 Dsp ]d-bp--hcpw Dv. AX 183 BWv F
A`n-{]m-b-mcpw Dv. Fm BNm-cy-m Ch-bvsmpw `mjy- \In-bn-n-.
2. D]-\n-j-ns temI-tbvp R (B. eoem-tZ-hn) IS-p-sN-p-Xv Fgp-ns BZy-Im-e-
mWv. AXm-bXv 19mw Ime-L--n- Inm-hp-n-S-tmfw D]-\n-j - p-I iJ-cnv ]Tn-p. {ioi--
cs hymJym- tmsSbp `mjy- ae- bm- f-n Inm- \p- v. {io. F. F. chn- h- sb- tm- ephcpsS
hymJym\w hmbn--tm ae-bm-f-n asmcp hnh-\-n\p m\- an-s-p IcpXn B Nn Ah-
km-\n-n-p. R hmnb {K-fn {io. lcn-Ir-jvW-Zmkv tKmb--Im-bpsS hymJym\w hmbn--tm
AXv Fs BIjn-p. Atlw efn-X-ambn XXz-Nn--I Ah- X- cn-n-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns coXn
Ah-ew-_np ""HXv D]-\n-j-p-I'' FgpXn hnZymn-an{Xw _pp-Un-tmbvp sImSpp. AXn\p
henb klI-c-Whpw e`n-p. {]kn--s-Sp-nb DSXs AXp hnp-Xo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. D]-\n-j-
ns temIp CXn\p thdn-smcp kzc-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
""H]Xv D]-\n-j-n-''s\-n Aev]w-IqSn ]d-bmsX h. B. eoem-tZhn Khsav Aym-]n-
I-bm-bn-cp-p. Av km Poh-\-m-c ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-X-W-sa-n km A\p-hmZw thW-am-bn-
cp- p. km-cn- tebvp At] Ab-p. AXv \nc-kn- - Xp-sImv ]pkvX-I-n Fs t] am{XamWv
hn-cp--Xv. Cu \ntj[w km- cn-s\-smv \nbaw amm- \p {]tm-]-W-n\p XpS--an- Sp-I-bp-
m- bn.
"H]Xp D]-\n-jv' kmln-Xy-A-m-Z-anp hnin-jvS-{K--ambn ]cn-K-Wn-m\mbn Ab-bvm
]ecpw ]d-XpsImv Ab-p. 600 cq] klm-bhpw 20 {K- Am-Z-anp \Im\pw D-c-
hmbn. Av kmln-Xy-A-m-Z-an-bn-ep-m-bn-cp {io. kpIp-am Ago-tmSv Cu {K-ns t{]c-W-bm
""XXz-akn'' F {Kw cNn-p-I-bp-m-bn.
ae-bmfn-ep 108 D]-\n-jv Xncp-h-\--]pcw FUyp-tjW ]n-tj-gk v ns ASpp
hp. Cu Imew 108 D]-\n-j-p-I hnh\w sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv Fkv. B. hn. sslkvIq-fnse
lnn Aym-]-I\ - mb ]mp-f-c `mkvI-c \mb-cm-bn-cp-p. At-lw-X-s A-Sn-n {Kw
hn-\-bvmbn AhnsS Gn--Xm- bn-cp-p. al-mb Hcp {ia-^-e-ambncpp AXv. ""\apv Hv
t\mn-bmtem?'' FUyp-t-j kt-kns DS-a-bmb cma-\m-Y tNmZnp. Rm adp-]Sn ]d-n-. 108
D]-\n-j
- ns kwkvIrX-{Kw Atlw Fs Gn-p. hon sImp-h-p-h--X-msX AXn-
tep IS-n-. ""kwkvIr-X- en]n ae-bm-f-n-se-gp-Xn-bm aXn'' ]eXpw Ihn-X-b-, KZy-ams-WmWv Ah
]d-- Xv. Ipdv t\cw-t]m-n-\mbn amn-h--Xm-bn-cp-p.
Imew IS-p-t]mbn. `mcy IS-p-t]m-bn. Fmw amdn-a-dn-p. Fgpp Rm \ndp-nb ambn.
]ns Ah XpS-n-h-Xp ]q-bm-m\p Hcp Nn-h-p. ]eXpw Xnc-s-Sp-v kplr-p-
sf Gn-p.
{]imn ]n-tjgvkns DSa {io. them-bp[ \mb-cmWv Fs kplrv. ]ca`,
Atlw Hcp Znhkw Ztim-]-\n-j-n-tep IS-p. AXp-{]-kn-o-I-cn-m Bh-iy-s-p. Ah B-hn-
izm-k-tmsS, ktm-j-tmsS \In. ]ns AXns XpS-bmbn 108 XnI-b v m Atlw Bh-
iy-s-p. As\ Rm hopw XpSsgpXn.
`K-hms A\p-{K-l-n\p {]mn-p-sIm-v.
hn. _me-Ir-jvW

N P
 31

I K
DSw
1. Cuim-hm-tkym-]\
- n-jv............................ 33 27. IT- cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv.......................................... 411

2. ItTm-]-\n-jv................................................ 39 28. Ien-k

- -c-tWm-]-\n-jv............................. 115

3. tIt\m-]-\n-jv............................................ 67 29. Imem-n-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv............................... 416

4. aptIm]-\n-jv...................................... 75 30. Ipn-tIm-]\

- n-jv...................................... 418

5. amq-tIym-]-\n-jv.................................. 91 31. IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv......................................... 420

6. IuX-Io-{_m-t- Wm-]-\n-jv.................. 95 32. ssIh-teym-]\

- n-jv...................................... 423

7. ssXo-co-tbm-]-\n-jv............................ 112 33. pcp-tIm-]\

- n-jv......................................... 426

8. tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]\
- n-jv........................... 141 34. KW-]-Xyp-]\
- n-jv......................................... 428
9. sFX-tc-tbm-]-\n-jv................................. 167 35. Kcp-tUm-]\
- n-jv............................................ 430

10. {]ivt\m-]-\n-jv......................................... 175 36. Kt`m-]-\n-jv................................................ 433

11. Omtm-tKym-]-\n-jv................................. 191 37. Kmb{Xo D]-\n-jv........................................ 436

12. _rl-Zm-cW
- y-tIm-]\
- n-jv....................... 277 38. Kmb-{Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv.......................... 441

13. Ayp]-\n-jv............................................. 362 39. tKm]me-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv............... 444

14. A]q-tPm-]-\n-jv..................................... 366 40. NXpth-tZm-]\

- n-jv..................................... 448
15. A[ym-tm-]-\n-jv...................................... 367 41. Nmp-tjm- ]\
- n-jv...................................... 450

16. AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm- ]\
- n-jv............................... 374 42. Pm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv........................... 451

17. AYh-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv................................. 377 43. Pm_m-eyp-]\
- n-jv......................................... 467

18. Aar-X-\m-t Zm-]\

- n-jv................................... 382 44. Xpco-bm-Xn-tXm-]- \n-jv................................ 469

19. Ah-[q-tXm-]-\n-jv...................................... 386 45. Xpf-kyp-]-\n-jv............................................ 470

20. Btm-]-\n-jv............................................. 389 46. {XninJn{_m--tWm-]-\n-jv..................... 472

21. B-{]-t_m-t[m-]- \n-jv........................... 393 47. [ym\-_n-q-]\

- n-jv...................................... 484
22. B-t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv................................ 396 48. Zn-Wm-a qyp-]-\n-jv........................... 493

23. Bcp-Wn-tIm-]-\n-jv.................................... 400 49. tZhyp-]-\n-jv................................................. 496

24. EtKz-Zob kckzXyp-]\

- n-jv.................... 402 50. Zztbm-]-\n-jv................................................. 499
25. B{i-tam-]-\n-jv.......................................... 408 51. \mZ-_n-q-]-\n-jv.......................................... 500

26. GIm-tcm- ]\
- n-jv.................................... 410 52. \mc-Z]
- -cn-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv........................ 504

N P
 32

I K
53. \mcm-b-Wm-Yin-tcm-]\
- n-jv..................... 534 81. bm-he
- vtIym-]-\n-jv............................ 711

54. \ncm-e- tm-]-\n-jv....................................... 536 82. tbmK-IpWvUeyp]-\n-jv........................... 715

55. \nhm-tWm-]-\n-jv...................................... 539 83. tbmK-Nq-Um-aWn D]-\n-jv........................ 727

56. \oe-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv........................................ 540 84. tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n- jv..................................... 737

57. \rknw-l-]qh- Xm-]n- \yp-]-\n-jv

...................... 543 85. tbmK-cm-tPm-]-\n-jv..................................... 747

58. \rknw-l-jvS -N-t{Im-]-\n-jv...................... 553 86. cmt[m-]\

- n-jv................................................. 749

59. ]-{_-tm-]-\n-jv................................... 554 87. cp{Z-lr-Z-tbm-]-\n- jv..................................... 750

60. ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv....................................... 558 88. cp{Zm-Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv........................ 755

61. ]c-a -lw-tkm-]-\n-jv.................................... 566 89. cpt{Zm-]- \n-j v................................................. 759

62. ]c-a-lw-k]
- c
- n-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv.............. 567 90. emwKq-tem-]-\n-j v......................................... 760

63. ]c-{_-tm-]-\n-jv....................................... 571 91. h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-jv.................................. 762

64. ]mip-]X
- -{_-tm-]-\n-jv........................... 575 92. ic-t`m- ]-\n-jv................................................ 764

65. {]W-thm-]-\n-jv........................................... 580 93. imSym-b-\o-tbm-]\

- n-jv............................... 768

66. {]mWm-n-tlm-t{Xm-]-\n-jv..................... 582 94. imnteym-]-\n-jv..................................... 773

67. _rlvhy-tNm-]-\n-jv................................... 585 95. imco-cn-tIm-]-\n-jv....................................... 787

68. {_-_np]-\n-jv...................................... 586 96. inh-k-e

- vt]m-]\
- n-jv................................ 789

69. {_-hn-tZym-]- \n-jv.................................... 588 97. ipI- c-l-tkym-]\

- n-jv.................................. 790

70. {_tm-]\
- n-jv............................................. 596 98. {iocm-a-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv................... 795
71. `np-tIm-]\
- n-jv......................................... 599 99. kt\ym-tkm-]- \n-jv..................................... 801

72. aWvU-e-{_m--tWm-]-\n-jv..................... 600 100. kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv....................... 813

73. a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv.......................................... 607 101. kmhn-{Xyp-]- \n-jv......................................... 819
74. alm-\m-cm-b-tWm-]\
- n-jv........................... 609 102. kotXm-]-\n-jv............................................... 820

75. alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv................................... 641 103. kqtcym-]-\n-jv.............................................. 824

76. atlm-]-\n-j v................................................. 642 104. ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv........................ 826
77. apn-tIm-]\
- n-jv......................................... 680 105. kvItm-]\
- n-jv............................................ 831
78. apZvK-tem-]-\n-jv........................................... 691 106. kzkw-th-tZym-]-\n-jv.................................. 833
79. ssass{X-b-Wyp-]-\n-jv............................. 695 107. kh-k-tcm-]-\n-jv...................................... 834

80. ssat{X-p-]\
- n-jv........................................ 705 108. lwtkm-]-\n-jv............................................. 837

N P
 33

I K

1
Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv 3

Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jv ip-bP - -iqthZ ImWz-im-

Job kwln-X-bpsS \mev]-X m-as A[ym-ba
a{`m-K-ns Awiw Bb-Xp-sImv CXn\p {]tXy-I-
amb alXzw Iev]n- n-cn-p-p. b-P-qthZnse BZys CXns bmsXmcp `mKhpw Atlm cln-X-am-bn-cn- p-
ap-n-H]Xv Aym-b-- fn I-Im-- s- n {]Xn- n (KoX 10-39, 42). Cs\ Nnnv B Cuiz-cs\ \nc-
]m-Zn-p-p. CXv B Im-ns Ah-km-\- `mKamWv.
ChnsS `K-h-XvXzkzcq-]PvRm\Im-s \ncq-]Ww
sNp- p.
D]-\n-j-pfn Ghpw BZy-tXv Cuim-hmky-
amWv. Cu D]-\n-j-ns BZy a{w ""Cuim-hm-kyw.''
F hmIyw- sImv Bcw-`n-p-- Xn-\m CXn\v Cu t]cp-
m-bn.
imn- ] mTw
Hmw ]q-aZ: ]q-anZw ]q-mXv
]q-apZNytX
]q-y ]q-amZmb ]q-
tahmhinjytX*!!
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
kn-Zm-\-L
- \ ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--a Fm {]Im-
c-nepw kZm ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. Cu temIw B {_-
m ]cn-]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-Xbpw A]q-Xbpw
B ]c-{_-n \npw D-hn--Xm-W.v ]c-{_--ns
]q-X-sImv Cu PKp ]q-am-Wv. ]q-amb ]c-
{_-n\npw ]qXsb amp-I-bm-sW-ntmepw
]qXzw Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
1. Cuim -hm-ky-anZw kw -b-XvIn
PKXymw PKXv tX\
Xyt\ `pRvPoYm amKr[: Iky-kznZv[\w.
AJne hniz {_lm- a m- - n ImWp- I bpw
tIp-Ibpw sNp Ncm-N-c-h-kvXp--sf-mw, Ah-sb-
m-ntbpw km-[m-chpw k-\n-b-mhpw km-[n-
]-Xnbpw k-i-n-am\pw kPvR\pw k Ieym-W-
- m-Ip-p.
kz- cq-]\pw Bb ]c- ta-iz- c-\m hym]vX-am- bn- cn-p- p. Fm-
m-epw At-l-m ]cn-]q-am-Ip-p. (KoX 9-4).
cw Xtm-Sp-IqSn A[n-h-kn-n-p-sIm-v, kZm At-
ls kvacn-p-sIm-v, Cu {]]--n aa-Xbpw Bk-
nbpw XyPnp I-hy-]m-e-\-n-\mbn am{Xw hnj-b-
sf bYm-hn[n D]-t`mKw sNp-hn, AXm-bXv hniz-cq-
]n-bmb Cuiz-cs ]qP-bvp-thn am{Xw I-sf
BN-cn-p-hn. hnj-b--Sn-a-bm-Ip-hm a\-ns\
A\p- h - Z n- - c p- X v . CXn \np \n- b - a mbpw
awKfapm- Ipw. Cu t`mKy hkvXp- Bcp-tS-bp- a-. a\p-
jy {`aw aqew Ch-bn aa-Xbpw Bk-nbpw Is-
p- p. Ch ]c-ta-i z-c -tXmIp- p. At-l - ns
{]kX-b v p-thn Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw \S--Ww. CXp
a\p-jyp-thn thZ-`-K- hms ]hn-t{Xm-]-tZ-i-am-Ip-p.
2. Ih-t-thl ImWn PnPo-hn-
tj-Xw kamx
Ghw Xzbn \m\y-tY-tXmkvXn \
I en]ytX \tc.
]q-a-{n ]d-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse PK-ns
GI-am-{Xm-Imhpw [mhpw lmhpw k- i-n-
am\pw k-a-b-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kvacn-p-sImv Ch-
sbmw At-l-n- t-sXp IcpXn At-l - ns ]qP-
bvmbn imkv{X- \n-b-X-amb I-hy-I- sf BN-cn-
p-sImv \qdp-kw-h-cw Pohn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-hn.
Cuhn[w Xs PohnXw apgp-h ]c-ta-iz-c-\ p-thn
kaWw sNp-hn. imkvt{Xm--amb kzI-sf
BN-cn-p-sImp PohnXw Ign-p-Iq-p-Xp ]c-ta-iz-cs
]qP-bv p-thn am{X-am-Ipp; X\n-p-th-n-b-. t`mKw
t`mKn-p-- Xn-\m-bn- -. shdpsX sNp- -Xn-\m B I-
p \ns _-\-n AI-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-n-

N P
 34

I . I- A\p-jvTn-p-sImv Ah-bn apgp-Im-Xn-cn- t\-m-f-[nIw Xo{h-KX K

- n-tbmSp IqSn-b-h-\t- {X. a\-ns
p--Xn\v Cu Hcp am-ta-bp-q. CXn-\-Xn-cn--ambn ap KXn FhnsS hsc Fp-pthm AXn\pw hfsc A[n-I-a-
bmsXmcp amhpw I- _-- \--fn \npw tamN\w Ise At-l-sa-p--hm-\p-Ip-p. a\-n-\m-Is Ahn-sS-
t\Sp-hm-\m-bn-n (KoX 250, 51; 510). h-sc-sb-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Atlw Fm-n-tbpw
kw_w C{]-Imcw I-_---fn\npw apn- BZnbpw m\-kz-cq-]hpw BIp-p. AYhm F-n-
t\-Sp--Xn-\p amw \nt-in-n-cn-pp. C\n CXn\p tbpw BZn-Im-c -W-\m-b n-c n-p- -Xp-s Imv Atlw
hncp--amb am--fn IqSn Ncn-p a\p-jy-cpsS Ahsb t\cs Adn-b p- p. Fm tZh-X- I fpw
KXnsb hn-p-p. aljn-K-W-fpw ]q-ambn At-ls Adn-bp-n
(KoX 10-2). AXn-Xo{h thK-bp--amb _pn, a\-v,
3. Akpcym \ma tX temIm At\ C{nb AYhm hmbp BZn-bmb tZh-X-I AXm-
XakmhrXmx Xns in--\p-k-c-W-ambn ]c-ta-iz-cs A\p-k-m-\-
XmwkvtX t{]Xym-`n-K-n tb tI n kZm ]mp- sIm-n- cn- p- p. Fm ]c-ta-iz- c
NmXv alt\m P\mx \nXy\pw AN-e -\p-am-b n-cp-p-s Im-p-X- \s\ Ah-sb-
sbmw ISp aptmp s]mbvsm-n-cn-p-p. Ch-
am\-h-i-cocw ap Fm ico-c--tfbpw At]-np
bvsmpw At-l-ns ASp-p-hsc Fm Ign-
t{ijvThpw ]ca Zp-`hpw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse CXv
bp- n-. koam-cm-ln- Xy-s--n-bp hnhcw koa-bn HXp-
Pohn-Ip `K-hms {]tXyI Ir]-sImv P\-\-a-c-W-cq-
n--gn-bp--h Fs\ A\p-am-\n-pw. hmbp apX-emb
]-amb kwkm-ckmKc-n \op--Xn-\mbn Inn-b-Xm-Ip-
tZh-If - n AS-n-bn-cn-p in Pe-hj-Ww, {]Im-
p. Cs\ icocw e`n- n- p a\p- jy Xs I- sf
iw, {]mWn-{]m-W-k- m-cWw apX-emb I--fn Ah
Cuiz-c-]q- P-bvmbn kan- m-sX, Imat`mK- - sf-s
hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-p. Ah-sbmw ANny in-bmb ]c-
Pohn-X-ns ]c-a-e - y-sap IcpXn hnj-bm-k-n-
ta-iz-cs alm-i-n-bpsS tIhew Awiw am{X- am-Ip-p.
bnepw A`n-em-j-p-th-nbpw Hmtcmtcm hn[-n
At-l-ns kl-tbmKw Cs-n Ahsmpw
tIhew hnj-bk - p-J--fnepw Ah-bpsS btY-jvS-amb
sNm km[y-a-.
D]t`mKfnepw apgp-In--gn-bp- p. C-s\-bp- -h
hmkvX-h- n Bm-hns lXy Xs \S- p-p. Fp kw_w C\n ]c-ta-iz-cs ANny in-tbbpw
sIms-m C{]- Imcw ]X- \-n- tep \op- -h X- hym]-I-X-tbbpw ]n hopw hn-p-p.
fpsS Pohs\ hy-ambn \in-n-pI am{X-a Xsf
5. XtZ-PXn Xss-PXn XZvZptc XZz-n-tI.
Hp-IqSn Bg-n I- _---fn Ipcp-p-I-bmWp
sNp--Xv. Cu Imam-k--cm-b-h Ah Bsc-n-ep-am- XZ--cky khky XZp kh-kymky
I-s, Ah temI-n henb t]cpw bipw ssh`- _mlyXx
hhpw A[n-Im-c-fpw t\Sn- bn- p- -h-cm-Is ac-Wm- \-cw ]c-ta-iz-c Nenpw Nen-m-sXbpw Ccn-p-p. Htc
I- ^- e- am-bp iqI- c, IqI- c, IoS- ]- Xw-KmZn hn`n- - timI Ime-n ]c-kv]c hncp- -- fmb `mh-fpw KpW-fpw
km] ]q-amb Akp-c- tbm-\n-I-fnepw `b-c \c-I-- {Inb-Ifpw At-l-n-eS- -n-bn-cn-p-p. CXv At-l-
fnepw Ae-tb-- Xmbn hcpp (KoX 16-16, 19, 20). CXv C{]- ns ANny in-bpsS aln-a-bm- Ip-p. ap Xc-n
Im- c-ap Akpc kz`m- h- tm- Sp-Iq-Snb ZpjvS- mp- thn ]d-m `K-hm Xs Znhy ]c-a-[m-a-nepw eoem-[m-a-
\n- bn--s- n-p-Xpw `oI-c-amb A- Im-c-m Bm- nepw Xs {]nb-s `-mp kpJw \evIp--Xn-
Zn-Xhpw BIp-p. a\p-jy Xs kzbw D-cn--Ww, \mbn B {]mIrX kKp-W-km-Im-c-cq-] - n {]I-S-ambn
kzw ]X\w Dm--cpXv F KoX-bn `K-hm CXp- eoe \S-p-p. CXp `K-hms Ne-\m-h--bm-Ip-p.
sImp ]d-n-cn-pp (KoX 65). \np-W-cq]w `K-hms AN-em-h- -bm-Ip-p. CtX coXn-
kw_w temI-hym-]n-bm-bn-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ bns `K-hm t{]c-ln-X-cmb a\p-jyp Zi\w
kZm kvacn-p-sImv At-l-ns ]qP-b v mbns \Ip-n- . AXm-bXv Ahsc kw_- n-n-Stmfw B
Fm I-fpw sN-Ww. AsX-s\? AtX-n ]d- ]cm-in hf-scb[nIw AI-se-bmbn nXn-sN-pw. adn-
bpp; v, t{]a-ns hnfn tIp kabw t{]an-P-\--fpsS
apn {]Xy--s-Sp-p. t{]an-P\sf kw_-np ]c-
4. At\-P-tZIw a\tkm Photbm ta-iz-c kZm-k-a-bhpw \nI-S-hn-bmbn nXn-sN-p-
ss\\-thm B]v\p h ]qh-ajXv p. CXp IqSmsX `K-hm kZm k{X ]cn-]q-\pw.
Xm-h tXm \ym\-tXyXn XnjvT-- CXp-sImv Ghpw AI-sebpw AXp-t]mse Ghpw
kvan-t]m amX-cnizm Z[m-Xn. ASppw Ahn-Sps kmnyw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. Fp-
sIm-s-m `K-hms kmn-y-an-m Hcn-Sw- t]mepw
km--cym-anbpw k in-am\pw Bb ]c-ta-iz-
Cu PK-n Ahtijn-p-n-. AJn-e-nepw A-
c AN-e\pw GI\pw BIp-p. Fn-cp-mepw a\-n-
N P
 35

I cym-an-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw Atlw \tmSv AXyw ta hnh-cn-n-p--Xp-t]mse ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Fm-hn-[- K

kao-]-m-bn-cn-p-p. Fm Am-\n-I-fm-bn-p--h nepw ImWp-Ibpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp alm ]pcp-
At-ls Cu cq]-n Xncn--d n-bp-n-. Ahsc j ip`m-ip` I-P-\nX {]mIr-X-kq-va-i-co-c\pw ]-
kw_-n- n-S-tmfw Atlw hfsc hfsc AI- se-bmbn `u-XnI, An, kncm, amwkm-Zn-ab jUvhn-Im-c-bp
nXn-s N-pp (KoX 13-15). `K-hm Cu ImWp qe- tZ- l- c-ln- X\pw On{Z- c-ln- X\pw Znhy- k-n- Zm- \- -L-\\w
kakvX PK-n\pw ]c-am-[m-chpw ]ca Ic-W\pw BIp- AXp-t]mse {Im-Zinbpw AJn-e-tbpw Xs \nb-
p. AXn-\m AIpw ]pdpw Fm epw vdW - -n shbvp km-[n-]-Xnbpw kzm`o-jvS-
Atlw ]cn-]q-\m-bn-hn-pp (KoX 77). m {]I-S-am-Ip--h\pw k\m-X-\-Imew apX kI-e-Po-
kw_w C\n ASp cp a{--fn-embn Cu ]c- h-cm-in-Ipw-thn Ah-bpsS Im\pkc-W -amb
{_-]- -c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS nXn- Fm hkvXp--tfbpw krjvSnp hn`-P\w \S-p--h\pw
sb-n hn-p-p. Bb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-
p-p.
6. bkvXp khmWn {`Xm-\ym-
-t\y-hm-\p-]-iyXn kw_w ASp aqp a{--fn-embn hnZy-bp-tSbpw
kh-`q-tXjp Nmm\w XtXm \ Ahn-Zy-bp-tSbpw XXz- hnh-cn-p-p. Cu {]I-c-W-
hnPq-Kp- ] vk-tX. n ]c- {_-{- ]m-]vXn-p km[-\-bmb m\s
hnZy F t]cnepw kzmZn temI-{]m]vXn AYhm Cu
C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- kIe {]mWn-h-tbpw temI-nse hnhn[ t`mssK-iz-cy-{]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp
km-[m-c-am-bn-cn-p ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\n, ]c- km[m-cW Is AhnZy F t]cnepw hnfn-p-p.
{_- - n ImWp-Ibpw AXp-t]mse ]c- {_-s {]mWn-
h-n Zin-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah\v Bsc-sb- 9. Aw Xa: {]hn-in tbhnZym-ap-]m-ktX
nepw shdp-p-hmt\m tZzjn-p-hmt\m Fs\ Ignbpw? XtXm `qb Ch tX Xtam b D
Ah kZm ka-bhpw Xs ]c-am {]`p-hns\ Zin-p- hnZymbmw cXm:.
sImv (KoX 629, 30) a\-q-ambn AJn-e-tbpw {]W-
bmsXm-cp-h t`mK--fn Bk--\mbn Ah-bpsS
an-p-I-bpw kI-e-tcbpw tkhn kuJy-ap-m-m
{]m]vXn-p km[-\m-cq-]-amb Ahn-Zysb \m\m-{]-Im-c-
Bin- p-Ibpw sNp-p.
ap I-mbn A\p-jvTn-p-pthm Ah B
7. bkvan khmWn `qXm-\ym-Xvssa-hm I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-ambn Am-\m--Im-c-m
-`q-Zzn-Pm-\Xx ]cn-]q-amb hnhn[ tbm\n-I-tfbpw t`mK--tfbpw
X{X tIm tamlx Ix timI {]m]n-p-p. Ah a\p-jy-P--ns ]c-a-e-y-amb
GI-Xz-a-\p]iyXx {io]-c- ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-msX \nc--c-am-bp P\-\-a-c-W-
cq-]-am-Ip {]]--{]-hm-l-nsp hnhn-[--f mb
C{]-Imcw a\p-jy ]c-am-m-hns\ \mbn Xncn-n-dn-
km-]- A\p-`h - np Ign-tb--Xmbn hcp-p. cm-a-
bp-tm, Pohn-I-fn Ah ]c-am-m-sh GI-am{X
Xmbn bmsXm-cp- Ax-Ic - -W-ip-np thn-b-m-
XXzs Zin-ptm, Ah\p kZm-k-a- bhpw ]c-am-m-
hns Zi\w e`n- p-s Im- n-c n- p- p. Cu kabw sXbpw {kjv S m- s h- p am\yX AwKo-I-cn-m-sXbpw
Ahs Ax-I-c-W-n timI-tam-lm-Zn-hn-Im-c-v I- A\p- jvTn- p-Ibpw hnthI sshcm- KymZn m\-
Fs\ m\-ap-m-bn-cnpw? timI-tam-lm-Zn-hn-Im-c-- ns {]mY-anI km[-\-I-fn-msX tkhn-p-Ibpw sNp-
fpsS Omb-t]mepw Ahs lrZ-ba - -WvU-e-n Gim- p. Fm tIhew imkv{X- ]mT tInv kzbw hnZy-
-hn[w Ah B\--a--\m-b n-o-c p-p. a\p-jy bpsS m\-ns anYy-tcm]w sNbvXv m\m-`n-am-\n-
Ahs\ Fmw {]hn-p-- h-\mbn ImWm-dp- s- nepw bm-bn-c n-p-Ibpw C-s\-bp anYym-m\n kzbw
B ka-bpw Ah Xs \mY-t\mSp IqSn Dm-k-ambn m\n-bmbn `mhnv ""Rv bmsXmcp I-hy-hp-
{IoUn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp (KoX 631). an'' Fp-]-d- p-sImp I-hy-I--sfmw XyPn-
p-Ibpw C{n-b - p hio-`q-X-\mbn imkv{X-hn-[n-
kw_w C\n C{]-Imcw ]c-ta-iz-cs\ XmXzn-I-ambn
Ip hn]-co-X-ambn tXmn-b-Xp-t]mse I- BN-
Adn- bp- -Xp- sImpw Zin- p- - Xp- sImpw D ^es
cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Imc-W-m Ch kIm-a-`m-
hnh-cn-p-p.
h-tm-Sp-IqSn I- A\p-jvTn-p hnj-bm-k--
8. k ]cy-Km- p-{I-a-I m-b-ahvd W-a-kv\m-hncw cmb a\p-jysc At]-nv A[n-I-X-c-amb A-Im-cs
ip- a-]m- ]-h nw ]ip, ]n, iqI-c--Iq-Ic XpSn \oN-ar-K-tbm-\n-I-
Ihna-\ojo ]cn`qx kzbw-`qbm-Ym-X- sfbpw cuch Ipw`o-]m-ImZn tLmc \cItfbpw {]m]n-
YytXmYm hrZ-[m-m-iz-Xo`y: kam`yx p-p.

N P

I kw_w imkv{X-ns bYm-Xmcyw a\-n-
emn m\-tbpw I-tbpw A\p-jvTn-p--Xp-
sIm-p-m-Ip ktm--a-amb ]cn-Wm-as hn-
p-p.
10. A\y-tZ-hm-l phn-Zy-bm-\y-Zm-lp-c-hn-Zybm
CXn ip{ipa [ocmWmw tb \kvXZv
hnN-N-n-tc.
m\-ns bYm kzcq]w k-t{i-jvT-amb
^ew {]Zm\w sNp-I- bm- Ip- p.-- \n- Xym-\nXy hkvXp--fpsS
hnth-Ihpw W-`w-Kp-chpw hn\mi ioehpw A\n-Xyhpw
Bb sFl-eu-In-Ihpw ]c-eu-In-I-hpw- B-b t`mK-h-kvXp-
-tfmSpw Ah-bpsS km[-\-tbmSpw D ]q hnh-c-
nbpw kwb-a-]q-amb ]hn{X Pohn-Xhpw GI-am{X
kn-Zm-\--L-\-amb ]q {_-Nn-- bn AJ--amb
eo\-Xbpw Cu bYm m\-ns A\p-jvTm\w
sImp {]m]vX-am-Ip-. bYm m\-ns Cu
ktm--a-amb ^ew m\m-`n-am-\-n cX-cm-b-bm-
sXmcp tkzm-Nm-cn-Ip Zp-Xn-cq-]-amb ^ew-In-ptm
AXn\npw Fm- -c - nepw hn`n- -a m-b n-c n- pw.
CXphn[w ktm-a ^e-Zm- b-I-amb I-- fpsS kzcq-
]w--I-n I-mhns A`n-am-\m-`m-hhpw cmKtZzj-
-fp-tSbpw A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw A`m-hhpw AXp-t]mse
kzw hm-{ia ]cn-n-Xn-I-\p-k-c-Wa - mbn `K-
hXvtkhm-`m-h-n am{Xw {i-tbm-Sp-tk-h-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
Ah-bpsS A\p-jT v m-\w-sImp kakvX ZpKp-W-fpw
Zpcm-Nm-cm-fpw \ntjw \in-p-Ibpw lj-tim-ImZn
kakvX hnIm-c--fn \npw cln-X-\mbn km[- I arXyp-
am-b- kw-km-c-n\npw IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
kIm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp I-p e`n-
p ]p\--cq- ]-amb ^e-t-m bYm I- kw_w C\n-bp ASp aqp a{--fn-embn
tk- h-\-n-\p {]Xn-^ew {ijvThpw at\m-l- c-hp- am-Ip-.
kw_- w- -ap-I-fn ]d Xc-n-ep m\hpw
I-hpw--c-n-sbpw XXz-sf Hnp \mbn {Kln-
p--Xp-sIm-p ^e--fmWv C\n ]d-bp--X.v
11. hnZym NmhnZymw N bkvXZv thtZm-`bw kl
Ahn-Zybm arXypw Xozm
hnZy-bm-a r-X-a-iv\p-tX.
I- n- t bpw AI- n- t bpw bYm
clkyw {Kln-p--Xn henb henb _pn-am-mp-
t]mepw sXp-]-n-bn-cn-pp (KoX 416). Cu ImcWw
sImp-Xs I-c-l-ky- n A\-`n--m-cm-bp
m\m-`n-am-\n-I Is {_-m-\-np _m[-
I-ambn IW-m-p-p. Xqew X-fpsS hm-{i-tam-
Nn-X-amb Ah-iy-I-hy-sf XyPn-p-p. Fm
C{]-Im-c-ap XymKw-s Imv Ahp XymK-ns
bYm-^ew I- _---fn\npw tamN\w e`n-
p-n (KoX 18-8). CXp-hn[w m\-ns (A-Im-
N P
36
hm ss\jvIy) XXzw {Kln-m-Xp ImcWw a\p- K
jy Xs-s m\n-bmbpw {]]-- n-\p-] -cn-
bmbpw Icp-Xp-p. Ah X-sf-s ]m]- ]p-Wy--fn
\ntm-jn-I-sf-tmse CjvSm-\p-k-c-W-am-bp Im-Nc
- -
W- -fn hym]r-X-cmbpw I-sf `mc-cq-]-ambpw IcpXn
Dt]-n- p-Ibpw Ae-k-X, \n{Z apX-emb {]tZ-i--fn
Zp-`-amb kzw am\-h-Po-hn-X-nse Aaq-ey-k-a-bs
\jvS-s-Sp-n--f-bp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu cp-hn-[-amb A\--fn\npw c-s]-Sp-
-Xn-\p GtIm-]mbw I-ntbpw m\-n-
tbpw cl-kys Hcp-t]mse a\-n-emn Ahsb bYm-
tbmKyw A\p-jvTn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu
cn-sbpw XXz-sf Htc kabw \mbn a\-n-em-p-
pthm Ah Xs hm-{i-a-ttbm ]cn-X- n-Xn--
\p-cq-]-amb imkv{X-hn-lnX I--tftbm XyPn-p-n- .
]Icw Ah-bn Im-hns A`n-am-\-tmSpw cmK-tZz-
jmZn ^em-`n-em-jc- -ln-X-\m-bnpw Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw
BN-cn-p-p. CXp-sImv Ahs Pohn-X-bm{X kpJ-
ambn \S-p-p. Cu `mh-tm-Sp-IqSn Im- \p-jT
v m\w \S-
p--Xns ]cn-W-X-^-e -ambn Ahs Ax-I -cWw
kIe ZpKp-W--fn\npw hnIm-c--fn\npw cln-
X-am-bnv AXyw \n-e-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw `K-hXv Ir]-
bm Ah arXyp-ab kwkm-c-n\npw kzm`m-hn-I-
ambn IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpp Fv a{fn ]d-
n-p-v. Cu I-km-[-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnthI sshcm-
Ky-k---ambn \nc-cw {_-hn-Nmc cq]-amb m\m-
`ymkw A\p-jvTnp IgnbpXn-\m {io]-ct- a-iz-cs
bYm mt\m-Zbw Dm-Ip-Ibpw AXn-thKw ]c-{_-
-]-c-ta-iz-cs kmm-Xvm-c-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw XXz--sf-n ]d-bp-
p. Cu {]I-c-W-n Akw-`q-Xn-i- _vZ-ns Aw
]q-cq-]-n k-bn-m-Xv Fm-bn-cn-pw. C-
s\-bp hn\m-i-kz-`m-h-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb tZh-I, ]nXr-,
a\p-jy apX-em-b-h-bpsS tbm\nIfpw Ah-tbm-S-\p-_-n-
p t`mK-km-a-{Kn-Ifpw BIp-p. a{- n Akw-`q-Xn-
bpsS m\v ""hn\mi'' F hmp-]-tbm-Kn-p-p.
kw`q-Xn-i-_vZ-n\v Cs\ A-I-ev]\ sNp-p.
bmsXm-ns k kq-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv
kq-P-K-ns D-n, nXn, kwlmcw Ch
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn- p Ahn-\m-in- bmb ]c-{_- -]p-cp-tjm-
-a (KoX 76; 7) FmIp-p.
12. Aw Xa: {]hn-in tbkw`q-Xn-
ap-]m-ktX
XtXm `qb Ch Xtam b D kw`qXymw cXmx
bmsXm-cp- hn\mi kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{Xo,
]p{X, [\w, am\w, Ion, A[n-Imcw apX-embn Cu
temI-n-sbpw ]c-tem-I-n-sbpw t`mK-km-a-{Kn-I-fn

I Bk--\m-bnv Ah-sb-s kpJ-tl-Xp--fmbn Icp-
Xp-pthm AXp- t]mse Ahsb Bn-p- -Xn\pw tkhn-
p--Xn\pw apgp- h ka- bhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-pthm Cu
t`mK-hk
- Xv p--fpsS {]m]vXnpw kwc--W-n\pw A`n-
hr-npw thn tZh-X-It- fbpw ]nXr--tfbpw a\p-jy-
tcbpw D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kzbw P\\ acW N{I-
-fn ]Xn-n-cn-p-Xp ImcWw A`m-h-{K-kX v hpw imco-
cnI ZrjvSn-bn hn\m-i-I-c-hp-amb Ah-n-bn-em-bn-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Chsb D]m-kn-p t`mKm-k--cmb
a\p-jy Xmm--fpsS D]m-k\m ^e-ambn hn`n tZh-I-
fpsS temI-n hn`n--t`m-Ktbm\nIsf {]m]n-p-p.
CXp-Xs Ah-cpsS Am-\-cq-]-am-Ipp; tLmcm-- Im-
c-n-te-p {]th-i-\-am-Ipp (KoX 720, 23).
cm-a-Xmbn bmsXm-cp- imkv{X-Xm- cy- - tfbpw
`K-hms Znhy-Kp-W- -tfbpw `mh--tfbpw XXz--tfbpw
Ah-bpsS cl-ky--tfbpw {Kln-mbvI aqew `K-h
`P\w sNm-sXbpw t`mKm-k-n-I-fn apgp-Inbpw Ign-
bpXpIm-cWw temI-tk-h-\-nepw imkv{X-hn-ln-X- -
fmb tZthm-]m-k-\-bnepw {]hr--cm-bn-cn-p-p. C-s\-
bp hnj-bm-k--cmb a\p-jy Ir{Xn-a-ambn Xsf
Cuiz-tcm-]m-k-I-cmbn hniz-kn-nv kcf lrZ-b-cmb P\-
-sf-smv Xsf ]qPn-n-p-p. Ah anYym-`n-am-\-
m tZh-Isf Xp-amn ]d-bp-Ibpw imkv{Xm-\p-km-c-
ap Ah-iy-I-hy--fmb tZh-]q-P, Kpcp-]qP apX-em-
bh X-f psS hmKv Pme- -f m abn Ah-c psS
lrZbfn tZthm-]m-k\ apX-em-b-hs - b-n shdppw
hntZz-jhpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C-s\-bp--h
Xsf-s Cuiz-c-Xp-ey-ambn ImWp-Ibpw ap--h-sc-
smv AXv AwKo-I-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Xn-jvS-{]-
Imcw Zpcm-Nm-c- -fn apgpIn PohnXw \bn-p-p. Cs\
Zw`n-I-fmb a\p-jy X-fpsS ZpjvI--fpsS Xn-
^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\p _m[y--cm-bnv IqIc iqI-cm-
Zn-I-fmb \oN-tbm-\n-I-fnepw cuc-h-Ipw- `o-]m-ImZn tLmc-\-
c-I--fnepw sNv Ahn-Sps {Iqc-bm-X-\-Is - fmw A\p-
`- hn-t--Xmbn hcp- p. hn\mi kz`m-hn-I-fmb tZh-X-Isf
D]m- kn-p- -hsc At]-nv Chp in AXyw
tLmc kz`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cnpw (KoX 16-18, 19).
kw_w imkv{X-ns bYm Xmcyw icnp
a\-n-emn kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw D]m-
k\ \S-p--Xn-\m ktm--a-amb ]cn-Wmaw knn-
pp Fv ASp--Xn hn-p-p.
13. A\y-tZ-hmlp: kw`-hm-Z-\y-Zm-lp-c-kw-`-hmXv
CXn ip{ipa [ocmWmw tb \kvXZv
hnN-N-n-tc.
]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-` -K-hms\ k-i- n-a m,
k-, km-[m-cw, k-a-b, AJne PK-n- k- - c m- I msX B {K- l - fpw aa- X - I fpw lrZ- b -
sbpw krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-cI
- m-hv, \nXy, Ahn-
\min Fn-s\ a\-n-em-p-Ibpw t{]a-]q-amb lrZ-
N P
37
b-tm-Sp-IqSn \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw Bbn B Znhy- \m-ahpw K
cq]hpw [mahpw AXp-t]mse {]mIrX KpW- c-ln- Xhpw Znhy-
Kp-W- a-bhpw Bb kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]s kvacn-p-Ibpw
{ihn-p-Ibpw Io\w sNp-Ibpw sNp-I. C{]-Imcw
bYm-n-ep D]m-k-\sImv D]m-k-I\v AXn-th-K-
n Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-
p-hm km[n-pp (KoX 934). Cuiztcm-]m-k-\-bpsS
anYym-cq]w [cnp \S-p--hp e`n-p ^e-n\p
hncp--ambn Cu bYm D]m-k-I\p e`n-p ^ew
Ghpw t{ijvT- am-b-Xm-Ip-p. imkv{X- -fp-tSbpw {io`-K-
hm- tbpw Bm- \p-k-cWw ]nXr- , {_m-W, amXm-
hv, ]nXm-hv, BNm-cy, m\n-I XpS-n-bh - p
tkhm-]q-Pm-Zn-I X-fpsS I-hy-ambn Icp-X p-I.
Chsb `K-hms Iev]-\bpw tkh-\h - p-ambn Icp-Xp-I.
Cu hn[w \njvm-a-`m-ht- mSp IqSn tkhm-]q-Pm-Zn-I
A\p-jT v n-p--h-cpsS Ax-I-cWw ip-am- bn-o-cp-Ibpw
Ahp `K-hms Ir]bpw {]k--Xbpw e`y-am-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. Xqew Ah arXyp-ab kwkm-c-km-Kcw IS-p-
t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. hn\mi ioe-cmb tZh-I XpS-n-
b-hsc kIm-tam-]m-k\ sNp--Xn \npw e`y-am-hp
^e-n\npw CXp kYm hncp--am-Ip-p.
kw_w kw`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw Akw-`q-Xn-bp-tSbpw XXz-
sf Hmbn {Kln- p--Xp- sIm- p ^ew C\n kv]jvT-
am-p-p.
14. kw`qXnw N hn\miw N bkvXZv
thtZm-`bw kl
hn\m-ti\ arXypw Xozm kw`q-Xym-ar-
X-a-iv\p-tX.
bmsXmcp a\p-jy, ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--a \nXy\pw
Ahn-\m-inbpw k-hym-]nbpw k-i-n-am\pw km-
[m- chpw km-[n-]-Xnbpw km-mhpw k-t{i-jT v \pw
\nXy \np-W\pw ({]m-Ir-X-Kp-W-c-ln-X) \nXy kKp-W-
\pw (kz-cq-] -`qX Znhy-I -eym-W -Kp-W -K -W -h n-` q-j n-X )
BIpp Fp a\-n-em-p-p-thm, AtXm-Sp-IqSn tZh-
I, ]nXr-, a\p-jy XpSn F{Xtbm tbm\n-Ifpw
t`mK hkvXp-fpw Dtm Ah- sbmw hn\m-i-kz-`m-h-tm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw W-`w-Kp-c - fpw BsWpw P\-\a - -cW
kz`m-h-tmSp IqSn-b-Xp-Im-cWw AXn-ZpxJ Imc-W--fm-
Ipp Fp {Kln-p-p-thm, Ah-bn \nlnXambn-cp
km-kv^qnbpw in- bp- samw `K-h- --am-sWpw
At-l-ns PK--{I-ns kpNm-cp-cq-]-tmSp IqSnb
Ne-\-n\p thn `K-hXv {]oXn-p-thn Ahsb bYm-
m-\--fn bYm-tbmKyw `K-hms hmp-If - m-Ip
imkv{Xw Bm-]n-n-cn-p-p-thm, B a\p-jy sFln-
I-]-c-eu-InI tZh-]n-X- cmZn temIfnse t`mK-kp-J--fm-
n\npw \njvm-k\w sNbvXp bYm-tbmKyw imkv{X-
hn-[n-{]- Imcw tkhm-]q- P-I \S-p-p. CXp ImcWw Ah-
 38

I cpsS Pohn-X-bm{X kpJ-]qw \S-p-Ibpw B`y--c-- Cu kqcy-a- WU

v -e-nseX]vX-c- ivan- I-sfbpw AXns D{K-
K
fmb hnIm-c- \inv Ax-I-cWw ip-am-hp-Ibpw `K- c-i va n-I-s fbpw Xn-tev Bhm-l n-s m-X p- n-bm-e pw.
hIr-]-sImv Ah kzm`m-hn-I-ambn arXyp-ab kwkm- Cs\ Ahn-Sps Znhy kzcq-]-ns {]Xy--Zi\w
c-km-K-cs IS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. hn\m-i-kz-`m- \I- tW. Ctm Rm A- bpsS Ir]m- Xn-tc-Iw-sImv
hn-If- mb tZh-Xm-Zn-Ip \njvm-tam-]m-k-\-tbm-Sp-Iq- A-bpsS kucy am[p-cy-\n-[nbpw Znhy-]c - a Ieym-W-
Sn-bp Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]cm-Xv]-c-{]-`p-hns D]m-k-\- hp-amb kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]s [ym\- Zr- jSv n- bnqSn Zin-
sImv Ah AXn-thKw Aa-c-kz-cq-]-\mb PK-Zo-iz-cs\ p-sIm-n-cn-pp; _pn-bn IqSn {Kln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
{]Xy-- ambn {]m]n-p-p. p. Imc-Ww, Av ]ca ]pcp-j\pw Cu kqcy-sbpw
kw_w ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-kn-p--hv Ah-cpsS AJne {_m-WvU-n-tbpw Bm-hm-Ip-p. Fs
Ay-I m-e -n ]c-ta-i zc {]m]vX n- mbn Fs\ Bmhpw CXp-X-s- bm-Ipp; AXm-bXv Rm\pw AXp-X-
{]mn--W-sav C\n ]d-bp-p. s.

15. lnc-Wva-tb\ ]mt{XW kXy-kym-]n kw_w [ym\-am-nqSn `K-hms kzcq-]-

-lnXw apJw
XXzw ]qj--]m-hrWp kXy-[mb
ZrjvS-t b.
`-m Cs\ {]mn-Ww: Atbm `K-hm-t\,
Ahn-Spv AJne {_m-WvU-n- tbpw kwc-- I-\m-Ip-
p. A-b n\npw Fmw ]pjvS n {]m]n- p- p.
kXyhpw [hpw A-tbm-Sp `n-bm-hp-p. Rm
CXn apgp-In--gn-bp-p. AXm-bXv Fs ]pjvSn Fs
at\m-c-Y-]qn, Ahn-Spp sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xm-Ip-
p. kn-Zm-\ kzcq] {]Im-i-a-b-amb kqcy-a-WUv -e-n-
\p-Xpeyw ann-n-f-n-sm-n-cn-p tPymXnab bh-
\n-Ib
- m Ahn-Sps apJw Bhr-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. Rm
Ahn-Sps Bh-c-W-c-ln-X-\mbn Zin-m-\m-{K-ln-p-p.
AXm-bXv A-bpsS kn- [m- \-n hv Asb \ncm-
h-c-W-\mbn Zi\w \S-p--Xn\p XS---fm-bn-p
kIe Bh-c-W--tfbpw F\n-p-thn amn--tc-W-ta.
A-bpsS kn- Zm-\ kzcq-]s {]I-S-am- n--tc-W-ta.
16. ]pj-t-Itj ba kqcy {]mPm-]Xy
hyql civao kaql
tXtPm bt cq]w Ieym-W-Xaw
Xt ]iyman
tbmkmhku ]pcpjx tkmla-k van.
`K-hm-t\, Ahn-Spv Ahn-Sps kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb Ir]-
sImp `-m-cpsS `n-km-[-\--fn XpjvSn {]Zm\w
sNbvXp Ahsc t]mjn-n-p--h-\m-Ip- p. Ahn-Spp
kakvX m\n-I-fnepw A{K-KWy\pw ]ca m\-kz-cq-
]\pw kzw `-mp Xs kzcq-]-ns bYm-
m\w {]Zm\w sNp- -hcpw BIpp (KoX 10-11). Ahn-
Spv AJn-e-tbpw bYm-tbmKyw krjvSn- v, \nb{n-v,
kwc- np sImn-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p. `-m-cp-tSbpw
m\n-I-fp-tSbpw ]c-a-amb eyw Ahn-Sp-m-Ip-p.
Ahn-t-b-\m-bn-cp-npw Xs `-hm--ey-kz-`mhw
tlXp-hmbn `n-am-nqSn `-mv Ahn-Sp-p-
Xs shfn-s- Sp- n-sm-Sp- p- sIm-n-cn- p- p. Ahn- Spv
{]Pm-]-Xn-Ip hfsc {]nb-s--h\ - m-Ip-p. tl {]t`m,
Zi\w \S-n-bnv km[-I `K-hms kmm kn-
[m-\
- n Fp--X n-\p-thn shsIm-p-Ibpw
icocw XyPn-p kabw qe-kq-va-i-co-c--fpsS
hnL-S-\-sb-n Nnn-p-sImp `K-hm-t\m-Sp-IqSn {]mn-
p-Ibpw sNp-p.
17. hmbp-c-\n-e-a-ar-X-a-tYZw `kvamw icocw
Hmw {ItXm kvac IrXw kvac {ItXm
kvac IrXw kvac.
]c-a-[m-a-n-te-p bm{Xn-I\ - mb km[-I Xs
{]mtW-{n-b - -s fbpw ico-c -s bpw Xn\npw
kYm `n-am-bn--cpXn Ah-sbmw AXm-XpIfpsS D]m-
Zm-\-X-Xz--fn-tev Ft-p-ambn hne-bn-n-p--Xn\pw
qe-kq-va-i-co-cs ]q-ambpw hnL-S n-n-p--
Xn\pw B{K-ln-p-p. AXp-sImv Cs\ ]d-bm-dpv;
{]mWmZn ka-jvSn-hmbp BZn-bn ebn--s, qe-i-cocw
In Nm-em-I-s. ]ns Ah Xs Bcm-[y-tZ-h-X-
bmb ]c- {_-- ]p-cp-tjm--a- \mb `K-hm-t\mSp {]mn- p-
p. Atbm b-a-b\ - mb alm hnjvtWm, kn-Zm-\
hnm-\-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Ahn-Spv kzw P\-
amb Ftbpw Fs I--tf-bpw-]n Nnn-t-W-ta.
Av kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn Ftbpw Fm Dm--s-n-
p `n-kz-cq-]-Im-cy--tfbpw kvacn-t-W-ta. `K-hm-t\,
Av Ftbpw Fs I--tfbpw kvacn-t-W-ta.
Ay-Im-e - n Rm A-bpsS kvarXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-
cn-p-sa-n Xo-bmbpw AXn-thKw F\nv A-bpsS
kn-[m-\-n Fp-hm Ign-bpw.
kw_w Cs\ Xs Bcm-[-\m-aqn-bmb ]c-
{_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\mb `K-hm-t\mSp {]mn-nv km[-
I ]c-a-[m-a-n-tep t]mIp kabw B am-n-
ep An-tZ-h-t\mSp {]mn-p-p.
18. AKvt\ \b kp]Ym cmtb
Akvam hnizm\n tZh hbp-\m\n hnZzm
bptbm-[y-k va-p-lp-cm-W -tat\m `qbnjvTmw
tX \a Dnw hnt[m.

N P

I Atbm AKv\n-`-K-hm-t\, Rm\n-tm Fs ]c-a-{]-
`p-hmb `K-hms kn-[m-\- n-se-n-tn-cn-p- p.
Fm-m-ehpw Cu `K-hXv kn-[n-bn hkn-p-hm
B{K-ln-p-p. Av AXn-thKw Xs Fs ]c-a-kp--
chpw awK-ea
- -b-hp-amb D-cm-b\ am-nqSn `K-
hms ]c-a-[m-a-n Fn-m-epw. Av Fs I-
sf Adn- bp-- h-\m- Ip-p. Rm Bbp-jvmew apgp-h
`K-h`-n-bn Ign-p-Iq-Sn. `K-hms Ir]-bm Cu
ka-bpw [ym\-t\-{X-m B Znhy-kz-cq-]s Zin-
p-I bpw B ]hn-{X-\ maw D-c n-p-Ibpw sNp- p.
Fmepw Cu am-n Fs-nepw hnLv\ - -fmb
I- Ft-Xm-bn--h-ti-jn-p-p-s-n Ap
Ir]-tbmsS \in-n-t-W-ta.
imn- ] mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv
]q-ap- Z-NytX
]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hm-h
-i n-jy-t X.
Hmw imnx imnx Hmw imnx
CXns hymJym\w BZyw sImSp-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.
{in- pI: CXnse ]Xn- \pw ]Xn-\mdpw a{- IqSp-
X {iml--fm-sWp alm-]-WU v n-X-m ]d-n-p-
v. Fm-hcpw `K-h-i-\-n-\mbn {]mn-Ww Fv
1 ItTm-]-\n-jv
D]-\n-j-p--fn hfsc {]kn-n-tb-dn-b-XmWv ITn-
t\m- ]-\n- j- v. CXv IrjvW-b-Ppth- Z-ns IT- im-J- bpsS
A`m-K-am-Ip-p. CXn \Nn-tI-X-n-tbpw ba-tbpw
kwhm-Z-cq-]-n ]c-am- m-hns cl-ky-a-bX - -X zs
hfsc D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-ambpw hni-Z-ambpw hn-n-cn-p-p.
CXn c- ym-b-fpw Hmtcm Aym-b-nepw apqp
hn-I- fp-a p-v .
imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `q\-p. kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-l-ssh.
N P
39
CXn ]d-bs
- Sp-p. K
]Xn-t\-gv, ]Xn-s\v a{- Ay-Im-e-Kp-W-n\v D]-
I-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu a{-a-\p-k-cnv Ay-Im-ep
{]m\ \S-p a\p-jyp apn-bp-m-hpw. AXn-
\m Ch-bpsS `mhmw Hp-IqSn sImSp-p-p.
17. tl ]c-am-m-th, Fs Cu C{n- bw, {]mW XpS-nb
AXm-Xp-I-fpsS Imc-W--X- Xz--fn eo\-ambnocp-Ibpw
Fs qe-i-cocw `kva-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sN-s. CXp
kw_-nv Fs a\-n Aev]-am-{X-amb Bk-n-
t]mepw Dm- I- cp-tX. tl b- a-b-\mb hnjvtWm, Ap
Zb-hp-mbn Ftbpw Fs I--tfbpw kvacn--
tW. Ahn-Sps kvacn-p--Xn-\m Rm\pw Fs I-
fpw ]hn-{X-am-bn-o-cpw. Rm \n-b-ambpw Ahn-
Sps ]mZ-tkh sNm Fn-t-cpw.
18. tl An-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Ahn-Spv Fs [\-
am-Ipp k-kz-am-Ip-p. AXx Ahn-Sps {]m]n-m-
\mbn Ahn-Spv Fs D- a-amfn kzw Nc-W-
k-ao]w Fn--tW. Fs F{X-sb{X ip`m-ip-I- M-
-fpv; Ahbvv Ahn-Sps ad-bvm-\m-hn; Ahn-Spv
Fm-a-dn-bp--h\
- m-Ipp; Rm Cu I--fpsS _e-
n Ahn-Sps {]m]n-m Ign-bp--h-\-. kzbw Zb-
hp-tXmn Ahn-Spv Fs Ahn-Sp-t-Xm-t-W-ta. Ahn-
Sps {]m]vXn-mbn bmsXmcp ]m]w {]Xn-_--am-bn-cn-
ptm AXns\ Ahn-Sps AIp-Xn-\mbn Rm
hopw hopw Ahn-Sps \a-kv-cn-p-p.
3
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Atbm ]c- am-m- th, Av R Kpcp- in-jy- mv
Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap c sN-tW. R cp-t]-
tcbpw Ahn-Spp kap-Nn-X-amb coXn-bn ]cn-]m-e\w
sNt-W-ta. R cp-t]cpw A-bn\npw IqsS-
qsS Fm {]Im- c--fnepw _ew {]m]n-t-W-ta. R
cp-t]cpw IqSn Ay-b\w \S-p hnZy tXPx-]q-
am- bn-o- c-tW. Hcn-epw Bcn\npw hnZy-bn R
]cm-Pn-X-cmbnocm-sX-bn-cn-t-W-ta. R- cp-t]cpw
PohnXw apgp-h ]c-kv]cw kvt\l-kq-{X--fm _n-
X-cm-bn-cn-t-W-ta. R-fpS Dn Hcn-epw ]c-kv]c - -
 40

I tZzjw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-t-W-ta. tl ]c-am-! {Xn]m-Z- 3. ]otXm-ZIm PKv[-XrWm ZpKv[-tZmlm K

p \nhrn Dm--tW. \ncn-{nbm:
A\m \ma tX temIm-kvXm k KXn
XmZ-Z-X v.
Aymbw Hv
]nXmhv F-s\-bp tKm-sf-bmWp Zn- W-bmbn
1. Hmw Di l ssh hmP-{i-hkx sImSp-p-Xv? Ctm Chbvp I\np shw IpSn-
k-th-Zkw ZZu p- - Xn-\p intbm ]pp Nhp Xnp- - Xn\p ]p-
Xky l \Nn-tIXm \ma ]p{X Bk. Itfm C-sm. Ch-bpsS kvX\--fn ]mens Awiw-
{Km-cw- ` - n ]c-am-m-hns\ kvacn-p-Xv AXy t]mepw Ah-ti-jn-n-n--tm. Fn-\n-[nIw ]d-bp-p. Ch-
w awK-f-I-c-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m ChnsS k {]Y-a-ambn bpsS C{n-b - t]mepw \nt-j vS - a m-b n-c n- p- p.
HmwIm-tcm-m-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-\n-j-m-cw-`np-p. Chbvv K`-[m-c-W-ti-jn-t]mepw Hp-an--sm. sImmw,
C{]-Imcw \nc-Ihpw ac-W-tm-S-Sp-n-cn-p--Xp-amb
bmsXm-cp- Imew `mc- X-hj-ns ]hn- {Xm- Imiw b-
tKm Ahsb sImp-t]m-Ip {_m-W-cpsS hoSp-I-
[q-a--fmepw Ah-bpsS ]hn-{X-ku-c-`y-mepw ]cn-]q-
fn ZpxJ- a-msX asp kw`m-h\ sNpw? \app kz-
am-bn-cp-pthm XymK-aqn-If - mb Ejn-ap-\n-am-cm ]mS-
ambn kpJw e`n-p-Xpw em`-Ic - -am-bXpw {]nb-s-Xpw
s thZ-a-{--fpsS Znhy-[z-\n-If - m Fm Znp-Ifpw
Bb hkvXp-sf thWw Zm\w sNp-hm. AXp-t]mse
apJ-cn- X-am- bn-cp-pthm B Ime- p-mb {]kn-- amb Hcp
Zm\w Bp \I-s-Sp-pthm Ahpw em`hpw KpW-
CXn-lm-k-am-Wn-Xv. KuXa hwio-b-\mb hmP-{i-hm-- P-a-
I-chpw {]nb-s--Xp-am-bn-cn--Ww. ZpxJ-Zm-bnbpw D]-tbm-
ljn Acp-Ws ]p{X As-n A-Zm-\w-sImp
K-iq-\y-hp-amb hkvXp- Zm\w sNp-Xv Zm\-ns
alm-Ion km-Zn (hm-P--A-w. {ih-- A-Xns Zm\-
t]cn \S--s-Sp h-\-bm-Ip-p. AXp kzoI-cn-p-
m km-Zn bi-)v aljn-bmb Acp-Ws ]p{X-
-h-tcbpw hn-p-I-bmWp sNp- -Xv. C{]-Im-c-ap
\mb Dm-eI aljn ^em-`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn "hnizPvXv'
Zm\w-sImv ZmXm-hn\p kpJw teiwt]m-ep-an-m \oN-
Fp-t]-cp Hcp alm-bw \S-n. Cu b-n
tbm-\n-Ifpw \c-ImZn temI--fp-a-msX asmpw e`n-p-
Xs k-kzhpw At-l-n\p Zm\w sNt--Xmbn
n-. ]nXmhv Cu Zm\w-sImv Fp-kpJw km-Znpw?
hp. AXn-\m Dm-eI - Xs k kpw EXzn-
Ch k-kz-Zm-\-cq-]n-bmb bw \S-n-bnpw D]-Im-
p-Ipw kZ-kypw Zn-W-bmbn \evIn. Dm-e-I\
c-{]-Z--fmb tKmsf F\n-p-thn kqn-n-cn-p-p.
\Nn-tI-Xv F t]cn {]kn--\mb Hcp ]p{X-\p-m-bn-
AXv XnIpw sXp-X-s- bm-W-sm. Rm\m-Wsm At-l-
cp-p.
ns k-kz-hpw. Fs Zm\-am-bn--tlw sImSp-p-
2. Xwl Ipamcw kw Zn-Wmkp an-. Fm Rm At-l-ns ]p{X-\m-W.v AXp-sIm-
\ob-am-\ pkp p-Xs Rm ]nXm-hns\ Cu A\n-jvS-Im-cn-bmb ]cn-
{imhnth-i. tkma\y-X . Wm-a-n\npw cn-p--Xn\p kzbw _en-bn-pw.
Fs ISa CXp-X- s- bm-Ip-p.
B Imep {][m-\-[-\-ambn IW-m-n-bn-cp-Xp
tKm[-\a - m-bn-cp-p. Dm-e-I\v AXp [mcm-f-ap-m-bn-cp-p. 4. k tlmhmN ]nXcw XX Ikvssa amw
tlmXm- hv, A[z- cyp, {_m- hv, DZvKm- Xmhv Ch \mepw {][m\ Zmky-k o-Xn.
EXzn-p-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Chv Ghpw IqSp-X tKmsf ZznXobw XrXobw Xw tlmhmN arXyth
Zn- W-bmbn \I-W-sa--Xm-bn-cpp As Xocp-am- Xzm ZZm-ao-Xn.
\w. {]im-kvXm, {]Xn-{]- -Xm, {_-Wm-w- kn, {]kvtXmXm
Cu \mev A{]-[m\ EXzn-p-Iv {][m-\n-Ip sImSp- C{]-Imcw \n-bn-p-sImv Ah ]nXm-hn-t\mSp
-Xns ]Ip-Xn-ho-Xhpw Am-hm-I, t\jvSm, Ao-[vd, ]dp ""]nXmth! Rm\t A-bpsS [\w, Av
{]Xn-lm Cu \mev A{]-[m-\n-Iv apJy-mp- Fs Bp sImSp-pp?'' ]nXmhv bmsXmcp adp-]-
sIm-Sp-- Xns aqn- sempw {Kmh-kvXp-X, t\Xm, tlmXm, Snbpw ]d-n-. Atm \Nn-tI-X-v, hopw ]dp
kp{_-Wy Cu \mev A{]-[m-\-mv apJy-mp ""]nXm- th, Fs Bp-sIm- Sp- pp?'' ]n#m- Xhv Cu {]mh-
sImSp--Xns \men-semp hoXhpw tKmsf Zn- W- iyhpw au\-am-bn-cp--tX-bp-q. ]s A[- `o-cphpw
bmbn sImSp--Ww. \nb-a-{]-Imcw Chsmw ZnW ]p{X-[w Fs--dn-n-cp--h-\p-amb \Nn-tI-X-n\v
\evIp- - Xn\p tKmsf sImp-h--tm _me- \mb \Nn- Hpw kln- m Ign- n- . Ah aqmw-h -hpw
tI-Xv Ahsb Ip. Ah-bpsS Zb-\o-b-amb \ne I- tNmZnp ""]nXmth! Av Fs Bp-sIm-Sp-pp?''
tms Ahs lrZ-b-n `nbpw BkvXn-Iy- Cu {]mhiyw aljn t{Im[m-hn-jvS-\mbn ]dp
`m-hhpw Dm-bn. Ah Nnn-p-hm XpS-n. ""\ns arXyp-hn\p sImSp-pw.''

N P
 41

I kw_w CXp-tIv \Nn-tI-Xv am\-kn-I-ambn Nnn- t Bh-iy-an-. Av timIs XyPnv A-bpsS K

p-hm XpSn
5. _lq-\m-taan {]Ytam _lq-\m-taan a[y-ax
Inw kznZy-aky Ihyw b-amZy
Icn-jy-Xn.
]p{X-mcpw injymcpw aqn-\-ns-Spp; D-
a, a[y-a, A[- a. bmsXm- cp- Kpcp-hn-ttbm ]nXm-
hn- ttbm at\m-cYw Adnv Ah-cpsS \ntiw IqSmsX
Xs Ah-cpsS at\m-cYw km[n-p-sIm-Sp-p- pthm
Ah Da h- ns- S p- p. B e`n- -
Xn\ptijw {]hn-p--h a[y-a-h-nepw Adn-
npw \nt- in- npw {]hn- p- hm Xm-dn-m-- h
A[-a-h-n-epw-s]-Sp-p. Rm hf-sc-b-[nIw injym-
cp- -X n {]Y-a-t{i-Wn-bns-Spp; AtX-c o-Xn-b n
{]hn- p-p. hf-s c-b-[nIw injy-m a[y-h-
nsSpp; AXn{]-Im-chpw Rm BN-cn-p-h-cp-p.
A[-a-h-n Rms\m-cn-epw s]Sp-n-. B e`n-
nv AX-\p-k-cnp Rms\m-cn-epw {]hn-m-Xn-cp-n-
n-. ]ns ]nXmhv C{]-Imcw Ftm-Sp-]-d-bp-hm Imc-W-
sav? Hcp hnh-chpw Inp-n-. arXyp-tZ-h\v Cv Fs
Zm\w sNbvXv, Fp {]tbm-P\w Dm-p-hm-\mWv ]nXm-
hm-{K-ln-p-Xv?
kw_w Hcp ]t ]nXmhv t{Im[m-th-i-m ]d-
p- t]m-b- Xm-bn- cn-mw. Fs-n-ep-am-I-s. At-l-ns
hmp ]men-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. ChnsS ]nXmhv ]m--
]n-p- -Xmbpw ImWp-p. AXp-sImv At-l s
kmz- \-s-Sp-t-- Xm-h-iy-am-W.v C{]-Imcw Nnnv \Nn-
tI-Xv GIm--X-bn-en-cn-p ]nXm-hns kao-] - p-
sNv At-l - ns timI-\n-hr-n-p-thn C{]-Im-c-
ap Bizmk hN-\- ]dp
kXys ]men-p- -Xn\v A\p- h-Zn-m- epw. ]p{Xs hmp-
I tI-tm Dm-e- I\v AXyw ZpxJ-ap-m- bn. Fm
\Nn-tI-X-ns kXy-]-cm-b-WX Iv Atlw Ahs\
ba-cm-Ps ASp--te-bv-b-p. ba-k-Z-\-n-se-n-bX - n-
\p-ti-jta \Nn-tI-X- n\v ba Fhn-tStbm t]mbn-cn-p-
I-bm-sWp a\-n-em-bp-q. AXn-\m aqp- Zn-hkw hsc
\Nn-tI-Xv Ahpw Pehpw Ign-msX ba-cm-Pm-hns\
{]Xo-n- n-cp-p. ba-cm-P aS-n-h- -tm At-l-
ns ]Xv\n ]dp
7. sshizm\c: {]hn-i-Xy-Xn-Yn
{_mtWm Krlm
XsskyXmw imnw Iphn lc
sshh-kz-tXm-Z-Iw.
kmm An-X-stbm Fp tXmp-amcp tXP-
kvkn-\m t{]mz- en-X- \mb {_m- W AXn-Yn- bpsS cq]-
n Krln Fgp-nbncn-p-p. km[p-lr-Z-b-
\mb Krl- Xs \-bvp-thn B AXn-Yn-cq-]n-
bmbn Ansb im- am-p--Xn\v Ah\p Pew (ALy-
]m-ZymZn) sImSp-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m, Atbm
kqcy-] p{X Av B {_mW _mes ]mZ-
IgpIpXn\v AXn-thKw Pew sImph-m-epw. Fs-
m AXnYn XpS-bmbn aqp-Zn-hkw Asb {]Xo-
np \ncm-lm-c-\m-bn--gn-bp-p. Av Ahs\ ip{iq-jn-
p-sa- n Ah im-\m-Ipw.
8. Bim-{]-Xot kwKXw kq\rXmw N
CjvSm]qt ]p{X-]-iqw khm
GXZv hrMvt ]cp-j-kym-ev]-ta-[tkm
bkym-\-iv\ hkn {_mlvatWm Krtl.

6. A\p]iy bYm ]qt {]Xn-]iy XYm-]tc bmsXm-cp- cp- s `h-\- n AXn-Yn-{_-lva-W hni-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-pthm a-_p-n-bmb B a\p-jy
kky-anh aXy: ]NytX kky-
Ah ]q-am-bm-in-n-cn-p bmsXm-pw-Xs e`y-am-
an-hm-Pm-btX ]p\:
Ip-n-. Hcp ]s Fs- nepw In-I-bm-sW-ns
]nXmth! \psS ]nXm-a-l-m-cmb ]q-m-cpsS BN- AXn\npw bmsXmcp KpWhpw knn- p- I -b n- .
c-W- t\mn-bm-epw. A{X-t]m-se-Xs Cm- e-p Ahs hmp-If - n\npw ku-cyhpw kXyhpw am[p-
ap t{ijvT ]cp-j-m-cpsS {]h-\--tfbpw {in-p- cyhpw AI- p-t ]m-Ip-p. AXm-X -b Xv at\m-l camb
I. Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X--fn ]pw Ctmgpw AkXyw `mjW-fn\n-p kpJ-t]mepw Ah\p e`y-am-Ip-n-
FXv Hcn-epw kw`-hn-n-t-bn-. Atbm-Ky-m-cmb a\p- . Ahs bPvR-Zm-\mZn CjvSI-fpw InW-dv, Ipfw,
jy am{Xta Ak-Xym-N- c- W- - fn Ign-bp- p- q. Fm [- ime apXm-e-b- hbpw Ah-bpsS ^e-fpw \jvSsp-
B A[-sImv Bpw AP-c\pw Aa-c\pw t]m-Ip-p. AXp-am-{X-a, AXn-Ynsb k- cn-m-Xn-cn-p-
BIp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. a\p-jy ac-W-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp- -Xp-sImv Ahs ]q-]p-Wy-{]m-]vX--fmb ]p{X-
Iq-Sn-b-h-\-t{X. a\p-jy [ym\--sf-tmse Pcm-Po- mcpw tKmfpw [\hpw \in--t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
ambn \in-p-Ibpw [m\y--sf-tm-se-Xs I-h-im
kw_-w- -]-Xv\n-bpsS hmp-I tI-bp-SXs [-
]p\w FSp-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
cm-P AXn-thKw \Nn-tI-X-ns ASpp sNp-Ibpw
kw_w Cu A\nXy Pohn-X-n-\p-thn a\p-jy ALy-]m-Zym-Zn-I-fm bYm-hn[n Ahs\ ]qPn-p-Ibpw
Hcn- epw I-hy-sf XyPn- nv anYymN-cWw A\p-jvTn- sNbvXp-sImv ]d-p-Xp-S-n.

N P
 42

I 9. Xnkvtdm cm{Xob-Z-hm-oKrtl ta 12. kz temI \ `bw InwN-\mkvXn K

A\-iv\ {_- -Xn-Yn\-aky: \ X{Xw Xzw \ Pcbm _nt`-Xn.
\akvtX kvXp{_- kzkvXnta kvXp Dt` Xozm-i-\m-bm-]n-]mtk
mXv {]Xn {Xo hcm hrWo-jz. timIm-XntKm tamZtX kz-tem-tI.
{_-W- tZh! Ap \akvmcmZn km-c-p- 13. k Xzanw kzy-a-t[yjn artXym
tbmKy-\mb Fs AXn-Yn-bm-Ipp. Fm km[n-p- {]{_q ln Xzw {i-[m-\mb alyw.
n-S-tmfw Asb k-cnp ktm- jn-n-p- - Xn\p
kz-temIm AarXvXzw `P
Rm\m- in- p- p. Fs t\m-p-d- hp- sImv aqp-Zn-h-k- -
tfmfw Av A\-i-\m-\mbn Ign-tb-n-h - n-cn-p-p. `K- GXZv ZznXo-tb\ hrtW htc-W.
hmt\, Fs sXp-I an-pv F\nv awKfcptf- kz-temIw hfsc kpJ-Ic - hpw bmsXmcp `b-m-Sp-
Wta. Av Hmtcm cm{Xnp ]I-c-am-bnv Fn\npw I-fn-m--Xp-am-sWp Rm\-dn-bp-p. kz-tem-I-n
At-b-n-jvS-ap aqp hc- tNmZn--epw. Bcpw hrm-h- -sb {]m]n-p-n-. ay-tem-I-n
kw_- w- -X-t]m-aqn-bmb {_-W- _m-es A\-i-\- A-bm Bfp-I acn-p--Xp-t]mse Bcpw acn-p-n-
m `oX-\m-bnv [-PvR-\mb ba-cm-P C{]Imcw ]d- , AhnsS ac-W-Im-e-th-Z-\-I-sfm-pw-X-s-bn-. ChnsS
-tm Xs ]nXm-hn\v awK-f-ap-m-I- W-sa-p Bi- Pnhn-I hnipw Zml-hpw-sImv Ip--Xp-t]mse
tbm-Sp-IqSn \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-p AhnsS kw`-hn-p-n. Ahn-Ss \nhm-kn-I timI-
sf XcWw sNbvXp \nXy ku`mKyw A\p-`hnpp.
10. im-k-ev]x kpa\m bYm kym Fm B kzw AKv\n-hn-PvRm\w t\SmsX e`n-p-
ZzoX-a-\ypKu-X tam am`n-a rtXym n-. Atbm arXyp-tZ-h, Av B kzns km[-
XzXv{]-krjvSw am`n-h-tZXv {]XoX \m-`q-X-amb AKv\nsb bYm-cq-]-n Adn-bp-p.
F\nv B An-hn-Zy-bnepw Abnepw Aan-X-amb
GX-vd-bmWmw {]Yaw hcw hrtW.
hnizm-khpw `nbpw Dv. ` XXz-ns Ah-Im-
arXyp-tZ-h, aqp hc--fn BZy-tXp Rm tNmZn- in-bm-Ip-p-hsm. AXn-\m Av Ir]-tXmn F\nv
p-p. KuXa hwio-b-\mb Fs ]nXmhv Dm-eI - B An-hn-Zy-bpsS D]-tZiw \In-bm-epw. AXp {Kln-
t{Im[m-hn-jSv -\mbn Fs A-bpsS ASp--te--bnv nv Bfp-I kz-tem-I-n hknv Aar-X-Xz-s--
Ctm Aim-\pw ZpxJn- X-\p- am-bn-on- cn- p-p. F\n- A-a-c-Xz-s--{]-]n--s. CXv Fs cm-as hc-ambn
p-thn Atlw t{Im[-c-ln-X\pw im- Nn-\pw kZm A-tbmSp bmNn-p-p.
kp-jvS-\p-am-bn-o-c-Ww. IqSmsX A-bpsS A\p-a-Xn-
kw_- w- - At ba-cm-P ]d-p
e-`nv Rm Krl-n Xncn-p-sN-p-tm Atlw
Fs kzw ]p{X- \mb \Nn-tI-Xv F cq]-n Xncn- 14. {] tX {_hoan XZp ta \nt_m[
-dnv FtmSp ]q-hXv kvt\l-tm-Sp-IqSn kwkm- kzKym-anw \Nn-tIXx {]-Pm-\
cn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
A\--tem-Im-]XnatYm {]XnjvTmw
kw_- w- -b-a-cm-P ]d-p hnn Xztahw \nlnXw Kplmbmw
11. bYm ]pc-kvXmZv `hnXm {]XoX Atbm \Nn-tI-Xt Rm B kz-ns km[-
Hume- In-cm-cp-W na-Xv {]-k rjvS : \m-cq-]n-bmb AKv\n-hn-Zysb \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-p.
kpJw cm{Xo: ibn-Xm hoX-a\yp AXns\ AXns bYmcq]-n \n\-p-]-tZ-in-X- cp-
p. \o CXns\ \mbn {Kln-p-sIm-p-I. Cu AKv\n-
kvXzmw ZZr-in-hm-r-Xyp-ap-JmXv {]ap-w.
hnZy A\-hpw hn\m-i-cl - n-X-tem-Is {]]n-p--Xn-
arXyp-h-Iv{X-n\np tamN\w t\Sn Krl-n aS- \pXIp-Xp-am-Ip-p. AXns kzcq]w Akm[mc-W-am-Ip-
n-sb-p \nsf ImWp-tm, Fs t{]c-W-bm p. Fm AXv AXyw Kp]vX-am-sWp \o [cn-p-
\n-fpsS ]nXm-hmb Acp-W- ]p-{X Dm-e-I hfsc {]k- sIm-p-I. hnZzm-m-cpsS _pn-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn AXv
-\m-Ip-Ibpw \nsf kzw ]p{X-\m-sWp Xncn--dn-bp- Hfnp hkn-p-p.
Ibpw ]q-h Xv kvt \ln- p-I bpw At-l - ns
kw_- w- -C{Xbpw ]d-nv ba-cm-P
t{Im[hpw ZpxJhpw im- am- hp-Ibpw sNpw. \nsf e`n-
p--Xp-sImp taen Atlw kpJ-ambn \n{Z-sN-pw. 15. temIm-Zn-anw Xap-hmN Xkvssa
kw_- w- -Cu hcw e`n--tm \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-p,tl bm CjvSIm bmh-Xohm bYm hm
ba-cmP! k Nm]n XXv{]-Xy-h-Z-Zy-tYm-

N P

I aYmky arXypx ]p\-tc-hml XpjvSx
ta{]-Imcw An-hn-Zy-bpsS almXvayhpw tKm]-\o-b-
Xbpw ]d- -sIm-Sp-nv AKv\ntZ- h kz-tem-I-ns
Imc-W-kz-cq-]-amb AKv\nhn-Zy-bp-sS- clkyw \Nn-tI-X-
ns\ {Kln-n-p. AKv\np Ip-\nm-W-n,
BImcw F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn--Ww, CjvSnI F{X-sbw
thWw, AXp-t]mse An-bpsS Nb\w F{]-Imcw \S-
Ww Fn-h-sbmw hfsc X-bX - z-tmsS {Kln-n-
p. XZ-\ -cw \Nn-tI-X- ns _pn-tbbpw kvarXn-
tbbpw ]co-n-p- -Xn-\ p-thn ba-c m-P ]dp
""\n {Kln-n-S-tmfw Fs Hcp {]mhiyw tIn-
p.'' XovW-_p-n-bmb \Nn-tI-Xv AXp-tI-n-v, Ah
F{]-Imcw bYmw {Kln-n-cp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
Xs ]d-p-tIn-p. ba-cm-P\v Ah-s Akm-[m-c-W-
amb kvarXnbpw {]Xn-`bpw Iv AXyw ktm-j-ap-m-
bn. A\-cw ]dp:
16. Xa-{_-hoXv {]ob-amtWm almm
hcw Xth-lmZy ZZman `qbx
Xsshh \mav\m `hn-Xm-b-an:
krmw tNam-a-t\-I-cq]mw Krlm-W.
alm-m-hmb ba-cm-P AXyw {]k--\mbn \Nn-
tI-X-n-t\mSp ]dp \n-fpsS A{]-Xn-a-amb tbmKyX
Inv F\nv AXy-[nIw ktmjw tXmp-p. CXp
ImcWw Hcp hcw \n Bh-iy-s-SmsX Xs Rm
Xcp-p. AXv CXm-Ip-p. ""Rm \n\-p-]-tZ-inp Xn-cn-
p Cu An \ns t]tcm-Sp-IqSns {]kn--am-bn-
o-c pw.'' AtXm-S p-I qSn CXpw kzoI-c n- p-s Im- p-I .
\np kzw tZh-Xz-{]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp At\-I-
cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb hnhn-[-b
- -hn-m-\-cq-]n-bmb Cu
cXv\-ame Rm Xcp-p. CXp kzoI-cn-m-epw.
kw_w B An-hn-Zy-bpsS ^es ba-cm-P
hn-p-sImp ]d-bp-p:
17. {XnWm-Nn-tI-X-kv{Xn-`n-tcXy knw
{XnI-IrXv XcXn P-arX
{_-Pw tZh-aoUyw hnZnXzm
\nNmt amw imn-a-Xy--ta-Xn.
Cu Ansb aqp {]mhiyw A\p-jvTn- p- - h Ev,
bPp-v, kmaw Cu aqp-th-Z--fp-ambn _-s-nv aqp-
th-Z--fp-tSbpw XXz-c- l-ky--fn \njvIm-X-\m-bn, \njvIm-
a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn bw, Zm\w, X]w Fo aqp I-
-tfbpw A\p-jvTn-p-sImp P\-\-a-c-W-km-K-c-n\v
Asc IS-p-p. {_m-hn\nv D-gn krjvSn-Isf
Adn- bp kvXh-\o-b-\mb Cu An-tZ-hs\ \-Xp-t]mse
Adn-nv Ansb \njvm-a`- m-h-tm-S-bp-IqSn Nb\w kw_w \Nn-tI-X-ns al-Xz-]q-amb tNmZyw
sNbvXv F\np e`y-amb A\--imn bmsXm-mtWm tIv ba- cm-P Bcm Ahs\ {]iw- kn- p. Atlw Nnn-
AXns\ {]m]n-p-p.
N P
43
18. {XnWm-Nn-tI-X-kv{X-b-ta-X-Zzn-ZnXzm K
b Ghw hnZzmw-n-\ptX \mNn-tIXw
k arXyp]mim ]qcX: {]tWmZy
timIm-XntKm tamZtX kz-tem-tI.
GXm-Ir-Xn-b n F-s\-bp CjvSn-I-I , F{X-
sbw thWw, F{]-Imcw Ansb Nb\w sNWw
Cu aqp kwK-Xn- Ifpw icnp a\-n- em-n-bn-v, bmsXmcp
hnZzm aqp-hw \mNn-tI-Xm-n-hn-Zysb \njvIm-a-`m-h-
tm-Sp-IqSn A\p-jvTm\w sNp-pthm Ansb kam-
l-cn-p-pthm Ah tZlm-- n\p apt-Xs arXyp-
]m-is XInv timI-c-ln-X-\mbn Ah-km\w kz-
tem-I-nse B\-s A\p-`-hn-p-p.
19. Gj tXKv\n\-Nn-tIXx kztKym
ba-hr-WoYm ZznXo-tb\ htcW
GX-aKv\nw Xsshh {]h-yn P\m-k
kvXrXobw hcw \Nn-tItXm hrWo-jz.
ba-cm-P ]d-bp-p. tl \Nn-tI-Xp \o cm-as
hc-n Bh-iy-s--X-\p-k-cnv B kz-{]m-]vXnp
km[\m-cq-]-amb An-hn-Zysb D]-tZ-inp Xn-cn-p-p.
Cp-ap-X Bfp-I \ns t]cns Cu Ansb
hnfn-pw. \Nn-tI-Xt C\n aqm-as hcw Bh-iy-s-
p-s Im-p-I.
kw_w \Nn-tI-Xv aqm-as hcw bmNn-p-p.
20. tbbw t{]tX hnNn-Inm a\ptjy
kvXotXytI \mb-a-kvXoXn ssNtI
GX- Zzn-Zym-a\pinjvS -kvX z-bmlw
hcm-Wm-taj hc-kvX r-Xobx
Cu temI-kp-J-p-thn ]nXm-hns\ ktm-jn-
n- p--Xn- \p hchpw ]c-tem-I-n- \p-thn kz km[-
\m-cq-]-amb An-hn-m-\-h-chpw {]m]n-n-v, \Nn-tI-Xv
Bm-hns bYm kzcq-]hpw AXns\ {]m]n-p--
Xn-\p D]m-bhpw {Kln-p--Xn-\p-thn ba-cm-Ps
apn ap-- h-cp-tS-Xmb c- `n-{]m-b- Ah-X-cn-n-nv
At-l-ns A\p- `q-X-hn-Nmcw Adn- bp-hm- \m-{K- ln-p- p.
AXn-\m \Nn-tI-Xv ]d-bpp: `K-h, acn a\p-jysc
kw_-nv Hcp henb ktlw \ne-hn-ep- v. ac-W-tijw
Bm-hns AkvXnXzw Dsp Nnecpw Csp ap-
Nn-ecpw hmZn-p-p. CXp kw_- n- p AbpsS A\p-
`-h -m\w Acp-f n-s -b vX m-e pw. A-bpsS D]-tZ-i -
n\npw CXns clkyw Rm icn-bmbpw {Kln-p-
sIm-mw. aqp hc--fn F\n--`o-jvS-amb hcw Cu
aqm-a-t-Xm-Ip-p.
p. Ejn-Ip-am-c-\m-sW-nepw henb {]Xn-`m-imen Xs.

I Fsmw tKm]-\ob hnj-b--fmWv Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-ln-
p-Xv? ]s B-XXzw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Ign-hp-
-hp thWw D]-tZ-in-p-hm. A\-[n-Im-cn-If - m-b-
hv B-XXzw D]tZinp-Xv AXyw lm\n-I-c-hp-
am-W-tm. AXn-\m BZyw ]m{X-]-co--W-ns Bh-
iy-apv C{]-Imcw Nnnp ba-cm-P Cu XXz-ns
ITn-\X
- -Isf hn-p-sImv \Nn-tI-X-ns\ AXn
\npw ]nn-cn-n-p-hm {ian-p-sImp ]dp
21. t`ssh-c{- Xm]n hnNn-In-nXw ]pcm
\ ln kphn-t-b-a-Wp-tcj [x
A\yw hcw \Nn-tItXm hrWojz
am tam]-tcm-o-cXn am krssP-\w.
\Nn-tI-X-t, Cu B-XXzw AXyw kqva-hn-j- X-n-\p-X-Ip kpJ-t`mK hkvXp-sf kzoI-cn-q. \qdp
b- am-Ip-p. CXp a\- n-em-pI Ffp- -ap Imcy-a- . ]p \qdp kwhvX-{k- Pohn-n-cn-p ]p{X-]u-{Xm-ZnIfS-
tZh-Ip-t]mepw Cu hnj-b-n kt-l-ap-m-bn-cp- p henb ]cn-hm-c-s- tNm-Zn-p-sIm-q. tKm apX-
p. Ah-cnepw CXp hfsc hnhm-Z-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-n-p-v, embn D]-tbm-K -{]-Z- - f mb arKtfbpw B\-I ,
Fm Ahpw CXp {Kln-p-hm km[n-n-n-. AXp-
sImp \n asmcp hcw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Rm
aqp-hcw Xcm-sap hmp-X-n-n- - tm. AXn-\m Rm
\np IS-m-c-\p-am-Ip-p. Fm \n Cu hc-
n-\p-th-n, am\y-\mb Hcp IS-m-c-\n kw sNep-
p--Xp-t]mse Fs hnj-an-n--cp-Xv. Cu B-X-Xz-hn-
jbw F\np Xncnp Xcq; CXv F\n-p-thn Dt]-
n-q.
kw_w \Nn-tI-Xv B-X-Xz-ns ITn-\X - -I
tInv Aev]w-t]mepw ]cn-{`-an-n; Ahs Dmlw ao-
`-hn-n-. adn-v, Ah Hp-IqSn ZrV-Xm-]qw ]dp
22. tZssh-c-{Xm]n hnNn-In-nXw Ine
Xzw N artXym b khn-t-b-am
hm Nmky XzmZr-Kt\ym \ et`ym
\mt\ym hc-kvXpey GXky In-Xv.
tl artXym! Ap-Xs CXp ]d-p-h-tm. ]pcm-X-\-
Im-ep tZh-I Cu hnj-bs kw_-nv Btem-N-
\-I \S-n- bn-cp-spw Ahv AXp {Kln-p-hm
Ign-n-spw Cu hnjbw Ffp--ap--X AXyw
kqva-am-sW-pw. Atm AXp-sIm-p-Xs a\-n-em-
p-hm km[n-p--Xv, CXp hfsc al-Xz-ta-dnb hnj-b-
am-sW-m-Wv. A-s\-bp alXz ]q-amb hnj-
bs {Kln-n-p--Xn\v A-sb-tmse A\p-`-h-m-
\- ap Hcp hm-hns\ hf- scb[nIw At\z- jn-npw Ip-
In-p-hm F\np Ign-n-spw Ahn-Spp [cn--Ww.
Ahn-Spp ]d-bpp: CXp-t]-n-nv asmp tNmZn- p-sIm-
p-hm. Fm CXn-\p-Xp-ey-amb asmcp hcw Cs-p-
Xs Rm hniz-kn-p-p. AXn-\m Ir]m-]qw CXv
F\n- p-]-tZ-in-p-X-m-epw.
N P
44
kw_w hnj-b-ns ImTn\yw Ip \Nn-tI-Xp K
`b-s- n-. Ah Xs \n- b-n ]g-b- Xp- t]m- se-Xs
Dd-p-\n-p. Cu ]co--bn Ah hnP-bm-bn-op.
Atm ba-cm-P asmcp ]co-- b psS cq]-n
AbmfpsS apn hn`n---fmb {]tem-`-\- \nc-n-
sh-b v p--Xn-s\-n Nnnp ]dp XpSn
23. iXm-bpjx ]p{X-]u-{Xm hrWojz
_lq ]iq lkvXn-ln-c-Wym-a-izm
`qtaa-l-Zm-b-X\w hrWojz
kzwb N Poh ictZm bmh-Zn-k - n.
\Nn-tI-X-t, \o hfsc \njvI-f--\m-Ip-p. Cu hcw
sImv Fp t\-amWp \n\-p-m-Ip-Xv? ZoL-Po-hn-
kzw, IpXn-c-I Ch-bS- -p hn]p-e-amb km{am-Py-
t--sbpw tNmZn-q. Ch-sbmw A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\v
F{X Imew Pohn--Wtam A{Xbpw Imew CjvSw- t]mse
Pohn-n-cp- p-sIm-q.
24. GX-peyw bZn a\ytk hcw
hrWojz hnw Nnc-Po-hnImw N
alm`qau \Nn-tI-Xk - vXz-ta[n
Imam\mw Xzm Ima`mPw Itcm-an.
""\Nn-tI- X-t, \o {]Np-c- [\ k- v, ZoL-Po-hn-X- n-
\p-th-n-bp kpJ-km-a-{Kn-I, As-n a\p-jyv
B-X-Xz-hn-j-b - n\p ka-ambn F{X-am{Xw t`mK--
t`mKn-p-hm km[n-ptam Ah-sbmw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-
I. \o Cu hnim-e`- a - -WvU-e-ns N{I-hn-bm-bn-
s Ign- p- sIm- p-I. Rm \ns kI- e-kp- J- fpw
CjvSm-\p-k- cWw A\p-`-hn-p--h-\m-n-op-sIm- f-A-
fmw.'' C{]-Imcw ba-cm-P Xs hmIvNm-Xp-cy- m B-
X-Xz-ns alXzw Dbn-smpw \Nn-tI-X-ns\
hnim-e-t`mK ImWnp {]tem-`n-np-sIm-p-an-cp-p.
kw_w C{X-bp-am-bnpw \Nn-tI-Xp Xs \n-b-
n Dd-pXs \np. Atm kz-nse ssZhn-I-
t`mKsf-m-Wnp {]tem-`n-n-p-sImv ba-cm-P ]d-
p.
25. tb tb Imam Zp`m aXy-temtI
km Imamw-ivO-X: {]m-bkz
Cam cmam: kcYm: kXqcym
\ loZrim ew`-\obm a\pssjy:
B`na-Xv{]-m`n: ]cn-Nm-c-bkz
\Nn-tItXm acWw am\p-{]mo:

I \Nn- tI- X-t, Fsmw kpJ- ay-tem- I-n
Zp-`--fm-bn-cn-p-pthm Ahsb Fmw \o CjvSm-\p-
k-cWw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Cu cY--tfbpw hnhn[ Xc-
n-ep hmZy- -tfm-Sp-IqSn kz-nse kp-c -c -a-
WnItfbpw kzoI-cn-q. A-s\-bp kp-cn-Isf a\p-
jyn-S-bn Hcn-Spw ImWpI km[y-a-, henb henb
aljn-amt]mepw Ahp-thn {]tem-`\ hi-K-cm-bn-
on-p- v. Ch-sbmw \n\p Rm AXn-thKw
\Imw. \o Chsb kzoI-cnp aS-n-tm-Iq. Ah-sc-
smv \ns Bh-iy- \n-lnp Ign-p-sIm-q.
Fm B-hn-Zy-sb-n am{Xw \o tNmZn--cp-Xv.
kw_w ba-cm-P injy-s-ta kzm`m-hn- I-ambn Zb-
hp alm\p`mhn-bmb BNm-cy-\m-Ip-p. Atlw ]co-
- W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s `bhpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bm- bp kpJ-t`m-
K--fpsS {]tem-`\ - hpw sImv, Ipn Cfn Dd-n-p--
Xp-t]mse \Nn-tI-X-ns sshcm-Ky-k---amb ZrV-\n-
-bs hopw IqSp-X Dd-n-p. BZyw ImTn-\y- ns
`bw ImWn-p. ]noSv Cu temI-nse kpJt`mK-km-a-
{KnIsf Hsm-m-bp-bn-m-Wn-p. Ah-km\w kz-
tem-It- mSpw Ah-\p sshcmKyw Dm-Ip--Xn\v kzo-
b-kp-J-t`mKfpsS Nn{Xhpw Ahs apn Dbn-
m-Wn-p. A\-cw ]dp: "\o Ch-sbmw B B-X-
Xz-kw-_-n-bmb hc-n\p Xpeyw IW-m-p-p-s-
n Ahsb tNmZn-p-sIm-q. Fm \Nn-tI-Xv ZrV-
\n--b\pw kXy-hm-\p-am-bn- cp-p. Cu temI-n- tebpw ]c-
tem-I-n-tebpw Ghpw henb t`mK-kp-J--sf, B-
m\ kpJ- ns Hcp p{Zmw-i-tm-Sp-t]mepw Xpe\w
sNp-hm kmy-a-sv Ah-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. AXp-Im-
cWw Ah Xs \n-bs bpn-]qw kan-
p-sImv ]q-ssh-cm-Ky-bp--amb hmpIfn ba-cm-
P- t\mSp ]dp
26. tizm`mhm ayky bZ--ssI-XXv
kth-{n-bmWmw Pc-bn tXP:
A]n khw Pohn-X-a-ev]-tah
Xsshh hmlm-kvXh \rXy-Ko-tX.
Atbm km--I-\mb ba-cm-Pm-th, Av Fs
apn Dbn-m-Wn kpJ-t`mK hkvXp--fpsS aln-
a- I-sfmw tIhew W-`w-Kp-c--fm-Ip- p. \msf-hsc \ne-
\nptam Fp-t]mepw Rm kwi-bn-p-p. Ch-bpsS
kwtbm- K-n \np-m-Ip kpJ- hmkvX-h-n
kpJta A, Ah ZpxJ-a-t{X. Cu t`mKy-h-kvXp-
bmsXmcp em`hpw kw`m-h\ sNp-n-. adnp a\p-jys
C{n-b--fpsS tXPpw [hpw lcn-p-I-bt{X sNp-
-Xv.
Av F\np \Ip-hm-\m-{K-ln ZoL-Po-hn-Xs
A\-- Ime Pohn-X-tmSp Xpe\w sNp-tm tIhew
Aev]w am{Xta BIp-p-q. {_mhp apX-emb tZh-m-
N P
45
cpsS Pohn-Xhpw Aev]-Im-e-tp am{X-ta-bp-q. Hcn- K
Ahcpw acn-t-n-hc - pw. Fn ap-h- c
- psS
nXn Fm-bn- cnpw? AXp- Im-cWw Rm\n-sXmpw B{K-
ln-p-n-. A-bpsS cY-, B\, IpXn-c, ca- Wn-am,
Ah-cpS \r- Fmw Ap-Xs ssIhiw shp-
sIm-q.
27. \ hnt\ X-Wotbm a\ptjym
e]vkym-atl hn-a-{Zmva tNXv Xzm
Pohn-jymtam bmh-Zo-in-jykn Xzw
hc-kvXpta hc-Wobx k Gh.
a\p-jy [\w sImv Hcn-epw Xr]vX-\m-Ip-n-sv
A-dn-bp-p. An-bn s\pw hndIpw CSp--Xp-
sImv AXv Hn- s\mp in- bmbn Bfn- - p- p. A{]-
Imcw Xs [\-n-tbpw t`mK-n-tbpw {]m]vXn-
sImp t`mKm-`n-em-j-Ml v Hp-IqSn hnim-e-am-bn-o-cp-
p. AhnsS Xr]vXn F-s\-bp-mIpw? AhnsS cmhpw
]Iepw A]q-X-bp-tSbpw AXr-]vXn-bp-tSbpw An
Pzen-p-sIm-t-bn-cn- pw. C{]-Im-c-ap ZpxJ-Zm- bn-bmb [\-
tbpw t`mK-tbpw _pn-bp Bpw Bh-iy-s-
Sp-hm km[y-a-. F\nv Fs Pohn-Xm-h-iy-mbn
F{X-am{Xw [\w Bh- iy- aptm A{Xbpw [\w A-bpsS
Zi-\w-sImv kzbw {]m]vXa - m-bn-o-cpw. ]ns-bp-Xv
ZoL Pohn-X-ns Imcy-am-Ip-p. AXp ac-Wm-h--
bn A-bpsS Iev]\ hcp-- Xp-hsc F\np ac-Ws
`b-s-tS Bh-iy-an-sm! Xm-c-W--fm ap hcw
tNmZn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-sW-s-\np tXmn-bn-. AXn-
\m Fs {]m\ AtX B-XXz hnj-b- I-amb hcw
Xs- bm-Wv. F\n-Xp ]nh-en-p-hm km[y-a-.
kw_w C{]-Imcw t`mK--fpsS Xp-X-sb-n hn-
np \Nn-tI-Xv Xs hc-ns al-Xz-s-n ]d--
tijw AXp {]Zm\w sN-W-ta-sbv ZrV-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
A`yn-p-p
28. APo-cy-Xm-a-ar-Xm-\m-ap-t]Xy
Pocy ay: Iz[x: {]Pm-\
A`n-[ym-b h-c-Xn-{]-tam-Zm
\Xn-ZotL PohntX tIm cta-X.
Atbm ba-cm-Pm-th, Ap-Xs Acp-fn-s-bvXm-epw.
A-sb-tmse AP-c\pw Aa-c\pw Bb alm-m-hns
Zp-`hpw Atam-L-hp-amb Iqp e`n-n-v, Pcm-a-cW kz`m-
h- ap kv{XoI-fpsS ku-cy-nepw {IoU-I-fnepw BtamZ
{]tam-Z--fnepw Bk--cmbn AXp-If - psS t\sc GsX-
nepw _pn-am t\m-an-Sptam? Cu temI-n ZoL-
Imew Pohn-p--Xn Bcv B\w ImWpw?
29. bkvan-nZw hnNn-In-n artXym
bm-\z-cmtb alXn {_pln \kvXXv

I tbmbw htcm KqV-a-\p-{]-hnjvtSm
\m\yw Xkvam--Nn-tIXm hrWo-tX.
\Nn- tI- Xv ]d-bpp ""tl ba-cm-P, GsXmcp B-
X-X z-kw-_ -n-bmb alm-m-\-s--n, ac- Wm-\- cw
Bm-hns BkvXnIyw Dtm Ctbm Fv Bfp-I
kwibw {]I-Sn-n-p-p-thm, AXns\ kw_-nv \n-
bm-- I-ambn Atbv v A\p-` q-X-amb m\s
F\nv Ir]m-]qw D]-tZ-in-p-XctW. Cu B-kw-_-
n-bmb hcw AXyw KqV-am-Ip-p, kXy-am-Ip-p.
Fm A-bpsS injy-\mb \Nn-tI-Xv CsXm-gnp
asmcp hchpw B{K- ln-p-n- .''
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]co--I \S-n--gn--tm
\Nn-tI-Xv ZrV-\n-b
- \pw ]c-a-ssh-cm-Ky-hm\pw \n`o-
I\pw {_-hn-Zybvv Al-\p-am-sWp ba-cm-P\p \n-
b-am-bn. AXn-\m {_-hn-tZym-]-tZiw Bcw-`n-p--Xn-\p-
apv AXns al-Xzs {]I-S-am-n-smv ba-cm-P
]dp
1. A\y--tdtbm\yZp-ssXh t{]b
kvtX Dt` \m\mt ]pcpjw kn\oX:
Xtbm: t{ib BZ-Zm-\ky km[p
`hXn lobtXmZy D t{]tbm hrWotX!!
a\p-jy-i-cocw A\y tbm\n-I-sf-tmse I-^ew
A\p-`-hn-m-\m-bn-am{Xw Inn-bn-p--X-. CXp-sImp a\p-
jyp `mhn-bn kpJ-k-m-Z-\-n-\p km[-\-fpw
A\p-jT v n-p-hm km[n-p-p. thZ--fn kpJ-km-[-\-
cmbn \nh-Nn-n-cn-p-p. 1. t{ib--v-A-Xm-bXp o-c-hn-th-In-bmb Ac-b--s- tmse t{]b-ns\ Dt]-
kZm- Im-ehpw Fm ZpxJ--fn\npw thZ-\-I-fn\npw
c-sv \nXym-\--kz-cq-]-amb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as\
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p D]m-bw. 2. t{]b--v-A-Xm-bXv kv{Xo,
]p{X, [\w, amfnI _lp-am-\w, biv apX-embn Cu
temI-n- tbpw kz-tem-I-n-t-bp-ambn F{X- am{Xw
{]mIr-X-t`m-K-h-kvXp- - fptm Ahsb {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p
D]m-bw. C{]-Imcw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb coXn-bn a\p-jyp
kpJw Zm\w sNp--Xn\p Ign-hp Cu cp km[-\-
Ifpw a\p-jysc _-\--cm-p-p. Ahsc AXm-Xp-I-
fpsS t\tc BIjn-p-p. A[nIw Bfp-Ifpw t`mK--
fn {]Xy-hpw Xmm-en-Ih - p-amb kpJw Is-p-
p. Cu {]oXn Imc-Ww, AXns Ay-s-n Nnn-
msX t{]b-ns t\sc BIjn--s-Sp-p. Fm Ahs sshcm-Kys {]iw-kn-p-sImp ]d-bpp
GXm\pw `mKy- hm- m `K- hXv Ir]-bm t`mK- -fpsS B]m-
X-c-a-Wo-b-Xbpw ]cn-Wma ZpxJ-ns cl-ky-fpw {Kln-
nv Ah-bn\npw hnc--cmbn t{ib-m-[-\I - f
- psS
t\tc BIjn--s-Sp-p. Cu cn-\-n- epw-s] a\p-jy-
cn Bcp `K-hms Ir]m-]m-{X-ambn t{ib-ns\ X\n-p-
thn Xnc-s-Sp-p-p-thm, X]-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn AXn-
t- Xmb km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-\mbn Ign-bp-pthm Ah\v
Fm {]Im-c-nepw D awKfw DmIpw. Ah Fs-
N P
46
t-p-ambn Fm ZpxJ--fn\npw ap-\mbn A\-- K
hpw, Ako-a-hp-amb B\-k - z-cq] ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-
p-p. Fm bmsXm-cp- kmwkm-cnI kpJ-km-[-
\-If- n apgp-In--gn-bp-pthm Ah Xs am\h Pohn-
X- ns ]ca ey-a mb ]c-a m- - {]m-] vX n-c q-] -a mb
bYm {]tbm-P\w t\Sp-n-. AXn-\m Ah\v BXy-
n-Ihpw \nXy-hp-amb B\w e`n-p-n-. Ah-\m-Is
{`a-h-im kpJ-cq-]- F tXm-ep-m-p A\n-
Xy-t`m-K- e`n-p-p. Ah hmkvX-h - n ZpxJ-Zm-bn-
IXs Bbn- c n- p- s a- nepw Ah \nXym- \ - -
n\npw {`jvS-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
2. t{ib t{]b a\p-jy-ta-X
kvXu kw]-coXy hnhn-\n [oc:
t{itbm ln [otcm`n t{]btkm hrWotX
t{]tbm atm tbmK-t-amZv hrWo-tX.
A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw ]p\- -n hnizm-k-an-m--h-
cm-b-Xp-sImv Cu hnj-b--sf-n A[nIw Nnn-m-dn-
. Ah t`mK--fn Bk--cmbn X-fpsS tZh-Zp-
`-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-X s arK-Xpeyw t`mK-kp-Jm-\p-`h - -
fn Ah-km-\n-n-p-p. Fm Ghp ]p\-
-nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw hnizm-k-aptm B Nnm-io-
e-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS apn t{ibx t{]bx-{]iv\w hcp-
tm Ah Ch cn-t\-bpw-]n icnp Nnn-p-Ibpw
Ch cn-t\bpw ]n {]tXyIw {Kln-p--Xn\p {ian-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Ch-cn t{ijvT\pw _pn-k---\p-am-
b-h cn-tbpw XXzs ]q-ambn a\-n-emn \oc-
n-nv t{ib-ns\ kzoI-cn-p-p. Fm Aev]-_p-
n-bmb a\p-jy Xs hnthI in-bpsS A`mhw aqew
t{ib-ns ^e-sf Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw {]Xy-- ambn
ImW-s-Sp euIn-I-tbm-K-t-a - n-\p-th-n, AXns
knn-p-th-n, t{]b-ns\ kz-am-p-Ibpw e`y-amb
t`mK-h-kvXp- kpc-n-X-ambn kqn-p-Ibpw A{]m-
]vX-am-b-hsb {]Np-c- amb am{X-bn Inp-sap hnNm-cn-p-
Ibpw CXp-Xs tbmK-t-a-sap Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-
p.
kw_w ]c-am {]m]vXn-p km[-\m-cq-]-amb
t{ib-ns\ {]iw-kn-nv ba-cm-P km[m-cW a\p- jycn
\npw \Nn-tI-X-n-\p hnti-j-Xsb FSp-p-Im-Wn-nv
3. k Xzw {]nbm {]nb-cq-]mw Imam
\`n-[ym-b- -Nn-tItXmXy kvdmox
ss\Xmw krMvImw hn-a-bo-a-hm]vtXm
bkymw-a-n _lthm a\p-jym.
ba-cm-P ]d-bpp ""tl \Nn-tI-X-t, \ns ]co-
n-nv \o henb _pn-am\pw hnth-Inbpw sshcm-Ky-k-

I --\p-am-sWp Rm \-Xp-t]mse a\-n-em-n-bn-cn-p-
p. kzbw henb ka\pw hnth-Inbpw Xmn-I\pw
Fsms IcpXn \S-p Bfp-I t]mepw shn-n-f-
p k-p-I-fpsS ambm-tam-l-h-e-b-n AI-s-p-
t]m-Ip-p. Ah-tbbpw \o \ncm-I-cn-n-cn-p-p. Rm
BIj-W-amb `mj-bn XpS-bmbn ]p{X, ]u{X,
B\, IpXn-c, tKm, [w, k- v, `qan apX-embn Zpjv{]m-
]y-fpw tem`-\o-b--fp-amb t`mK-sf ImWnp \ns
{]tem-`n-n-p. am{X-a-, kznse Znhy-t`m-K-fpw
A\p]- a-kp--cn-If- mb kzob Xcp-WnIsfsm-p
Nnc-t`mK kpJ-ns {]tem-`-\hpw Dbn-m-Wn-p.
Fm \o Ah-sbmw kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn Dt]-n-p-I-f-
p. AXp- Im- cWw \o Xo- bmbpw ]c-am--X-Xzs {ihn-
p--Xn\p XnIpw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-p-p.''
4. Zqc-tatX hn]-cotX hnjq No
Ahn-Zymb bm N hntZyXn mXm
hnZym-`o-]vkn\w \Nn-tI-Xkw at\y
\ Xzm Imam _lthmtemep-]-.
Cu Ahn-Zy, hnZy F t]cp-I-fn {]kn--amb cp
km[-\-I {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ^e-sf {]Zm\w sNp-
-hbpw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp---fp-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-\p
t`mK--fn Bk-n-bp-m-Ip-pthm Ah\p awK-f-km-
[-\-I-fn ]ptcm-K-a n-p-hm km[n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp-
awK-f-am-nse ]Yn-I-\m-bn-o-cp-pthm Ah
t`mK--fpsS t\tc ZrjvSn Dbp-n-. Ah \m\m-{]-
Im-c--fn-ep t`mK--tfbpw ZpxJ-Zm-b-I - -fmbn ImWp-
Ibpw Ahsb ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \Nn-tI-X-t,
\o hnZy-sb-s A`n-ej - n-pp Fp Rm hniz-kn-
p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m A\---fmb kpJ-t`m-K-
p \ns lrZ-b-n teiw- t]mepw {]`mhw krjvSn-
p-hm Ign-n-.
5. Ahn-Zym-bm-a-tc h-am\m:
kzbw [ocm: ]WvUn-X--\y-am\m:
Z{-ay-amWm: ]cn-bn aqVm
At-ss\h \ob-am\m bYmm:
Ftm A-\mb a\p-jy\p am-Zin-bmbn A-
s\-s e`n-ptm Atm Ah\v A`o-jvS-m-\-
s- p-hm Ign-bm-Xm-hp-Ibpw CSbvp ImXn hogp-
Ibpw, app-I Xdpw Ipp-Ip- gn- I-fn hoWpw Dbp
\nevp ]md-I-fnepw `nn-If - nepw arK--fp-sS-taepw
Xn-ap-nbpw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep IjvS-X- I A\p-`-hn-t-
- Xmbn hcn-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse Xs B aqV-
mp arK--fp-tSbpw ]n-I-fp-tSbpw ]pgp-p-fp-tSbpw
bmX-\m-]q-amb tbm\n- I-fn-epw, {Iqc-\-c-I--fnepw {]th-
inv A\--P--hsc Ah-km-\-an-m bmX-\I - n DW- cp- Xp apX cm{Xn Dd-p-- Xp- sIm- n- cn- t
A\p-`-hn-t--Xmbn hcn-Ibpw Ah _pn-a m-mcpw
N P
47
hnZzm-m-cp-ambn kzbw Al--cn-p-Ibpw hnZy-bp-tSbpw K
_pn-bp-tSbpw anYym-l-m-c-m imkv{X-tbpw alm-
]p-c p-j-m-cpsS hN-\--tfbpw Aev]w-t]mepw hI-h-
bvmsX Ahsb Ah-tl-fn-p-Ibpw {]Xy kpJ-cq-]-
Fp tXmnb t`mK-sf A\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw
D]mn-p--Xnepw \nc-cw hym]r-X-cmbn a\p-jy-Po-hn-
X-nse Aaq-ey-amb ka-bs hy-ambn \jvS-s-Sp-
p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
6. \ km-cmb: {]Xn-`mXn _mew
{]am-Zyw hn-tam-tl\ aqVw
Abw temtIm \mkvXn ]c CXn am\o
]p\x-]p-\-i-am-]-ZytX ta.
C{]-Imcw a\p-jy-Po- hn-X-ns al-zs Adn- p-
Iq-Sm Al-m-cn-bmb a\p-jy {]] kpJ-t`m-K-k-
-p-If - psS {]m]vXn-p-thn [\m-Zn-I-fn tamlnp
Pohn-p-p. AXm-bXv t`mK--fn Bk--\m-bn. {]am-Z-
]qw tXmn-b-Xp-t]m-ep BN-c-W- A\p-jvTn-p-
hm XpS-p-p. Ahs lrZ-b-n ]c-temIw tXm-
s-Sp-n-. ac-Wm-\-- cw, X\np Xs kakvX I--
fp-tSbpw ^e-a-\p-`h
- n-p--Xn\p hnhn-[-tbm-\n-I-fn P-
sa- Sp-t-- Xmbn hcp-sa-p hnNmcw Ahs a\-n
DZn-p--tX-bn-. ChnsS {]Xy--n Fsmw ImW-
s-Sp-pthm AXp-Xs temIw Fv B _pn-lo-\
Icp-Xp-p. ChnsS F{X-am{Xw hnj-bk - pJw A\p-`-hn-
mtam A{Xbpw _pn- bm-bn-cn-pw. CXn- \-p-dspv?
]c-tem-Is Bcp In- cn- pp? ]c- temIw Bfp-I-fpsS
`mh-\-am-{Xw. Ch-sbmw am\y-am-bn--cp-Xp a\p-jy
XpS-bmbn ba-cm-Ps ]nSn-bn-e-Is - -Sp-Ibpw Atlw
Ahs I--\p-k-cnv Ahs\ hnhn-[-tbm-\n-I-fn-
tep Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. P\-\a - -cW N{In
\npw Ah\p tamN-\ta e`n-p-n-.
kw_w C{]-Imcw hnj-bm-k - cpw {]Xy--hm-Zn-
Ifpw Bb aqV-msc \nn--tijw B-X-Xz-n-tbpw
AXns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw hn-p-Ibpw
sNp--h-cp-tSbpw Zp-`-Xsb hn-p-p.
7. {ih-Wm-bm]n _lp-`ntbm \ e`y:
irWztm]n _lthm bw \ hnZyp:
Btcym hm Ipitemky e_v[m
tcym mXm Ipi-em-\p-injvSx
B- X -X z- ns Zp- ` -X sb {Kln-n-p--X n\p
thn ba-cm-P ]d-p--\-Nn-tI-X-kvtk, B-XXzw
km[m-c-Wt- ]m-ep Hcp Imcy-a-. temI-n A[n-I-am-
fp-Ipw BXva -I-eym-W-]-c-amb Imcy--sf--n-bp
N-I tIp-Xn-\p-t]mepw km[n-p-n- . {]`m-X-
Np-]m-Sn Ah Pohn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah-cpsS a\v
 48

I Fp-bm-a--fnepw hnj-b-Nn--I-fn apgp-In--gn-bp-p. \Nn-tI-X-ns\ {]iw-kn-p-sImp ba-cm-P hopw K

Ah-cpsS lrZ-b - -fn B-XXzw tIp--Xn\pw ]d-bp-p. Fs {]nb-s--ht- \. \ns Cu ]hn-{X-amb
{Kln-p- - Xn\pw D Nn Hcn- epw DZn- p-n; AYhm _pnbpw \n- ea - mb \njvTbpw Ip Rm AXyw
As\ Hcp k`w Dm-Ip-I-b m-s W-ns {]k- -\m-b n-c n- p- p. C{]-Im-c-ap \njvT- X - -
Ahp hnj-bt- k-h-\ - n\npw Hcn-epw Hgn-hp- fn\nv Hcn-epw e`y-am-Ip-hm kmy-a-. AXm-Is
Inpp-an-. Nne-bm-fp-I tIp {Kln-p-Xp \-sXp `K- hXv Ir]- bm GsX-nepw alm-m- hns Iqp-sImpw
IcpXn tIp-p. Fm Ahs hnj-b-{K-kX v -amb Atlw apJm-n-c-am-bp XpS-bmb ]c-am-m-a-l-Xz-
lrZ-b - n\v AXp-hl - n-p-hm km[n-msX hcpp. ns hni-Z-hn-th-N\w {ihn-p--Xn-\p ku`m-Kyw-
As-n a-_p-n-bm-b-Xp-Im-cWw AXp {Kln-m Ign- sImpw kwkn--a m-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap \njvT-X -s-
bp-n-. bmsXm-cp- XovW-_p-n-bmbn Icp-X-s-Sp- bmWp a\p-jys\ B-m-\-n-\p-thn {]b-Xv\n-p-
pthm As\ D-h -c ns A-X -X zs -Xn\p t{]cn-n-p--Xv. \ns Rm C{X- b-[nIw {]tem-
bYm-cq-]-n hn-p-hm Ign-hp alm-]p-cp- `n-n-npw kzw Xocp-am-\-n \o ZrV-ambn \np.
jam hfsc hnc-f-amtb ImW-s-Sp-p-p. A-X- AXn \npw hmkvX-h-n bYm [mc-W-bn \o
Xzs {]]n-nv PohnXw k^-e-am-n-bn-pXpw Htc Hcp k--\m-sWpw hy-am-bn-cn-p-p. \Nn-tI-X-t ,
]pcp-j am{X-ta-bp-p. \-Xp-t]mse {Kln-v, PnhnXw \app \ns- tmse tNmZnp hmp Pnm-kp- -sf-
k^-e-am-n-b-hcpw PohnXm\p`hfp--hcpw, B- Zin- bm-Wm-h- iyw.
I-fp-amb BNm-cy-m-cn\npw D]-tZiw e`n-n-v, AXn-\-
kw_w Atm ba-cm-P DZm-l-c -W -k-lnXw
\p-k-c-a-ambn a\-\-\n-Zn-[ym-k-\-m XXz-ns kmm-
\njvIm-a-`m-hs {]iw-kn-p-sImp ]dp:
Xvmcw t\Sp ]pcp-j-mcpw temI-n hfsc hnc-f-
amtb D-Ip-p-p. 10. Pm\m-aylw tih-[n-cn-Xy-\nXyw
kw_- w- C\n AXv a-P vRm-\-ns Zpe-` -X -bpsS \ lyp[vdpssh: {]m]ytX ln [vdphw XXv
ImcWw ]d- bp-p XtXm abm \mNn-tI-X-ntXmn
8. \ \tc-Wm-h-tcW t{]m Gj c\n-ssXy{Zsshy: {]m]vXh
- m-\kvan \nXyw.
kphn-PvtRtbm _lp[m Nny-am-\x \Nn-tI-Xt! I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb Cu temI-
A\-\y-t{]mt KXn-c{X \mkvXn n- tebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw t`mK-k-aq-l--fmbn e`y-
am-Ip \n[n- I, Ah F{X- am{Xw Aaq- ey- - fm-bn- cp-mepw
AWo-bm lyX-ya-W p-{]-am-Wm-Xv.
Hcp Znhkw Ah \in- pw. AXm-bXv Ah A\n-Xy- am- Ipp
{]Ir-Xn-]-cy--ap kq-a-X-Xz--tf-m Cu A- Fp- Imcyw Rm \m-b-dn-bp-p. AXp-t]mse
XXzw kq-a-am-Ip-p. CXns bYm cq]w {Kln-n- A\nXy km[-\-I-fn\npw \nXy hkvXp-sf {]m]n-p-
p--Xn\p Ign-hp alm-msc e`n-p--Xp-hsc a\p- hm Hcn-epw kmy-a-. Cu cl-kys Adn-p-sIm-
jyv AXn {]thi\w e`n-pI AXyw Zpjv-c-am- p-Xs Rm \Nn-tI-Xm-n-bpsS Nb-\mZn cq]-n
Wv. AXv A{Xbvp Kl-\-am-W.v Aev]-PvRm\w km[m-cW Nne bmZn I-hy-I- A\nXy hkvXp-
Adn-hp-Im-cWw CXn-s\-n D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k- hgn-bmbn Fm A`nemj-tfmSpw Bk-n-tbmSpw cln-
cnv hnhn-[-co-Xn-bn Nnn-p-Ibpw A`y-kn-p-Ibpw X-ambn I-_p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{Xw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
sNp-IbmsWn AXns A-PvRm\ cq]-amb ]ew A\n-Xy-]-Zm--sf-smp I-hy-]m-e\ kzcq-]--
Dm-Ip-n-. BXva-XXzw Aev]w-t]mepw a\-n-em-p- fmb Cuiz-c-]q-P-I sNbvXv Rm \nXy-kpJ cq]-\mb
hm km[n-p-I-bn-. ap--h-cn \npw {ihn-msX ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. CXp \njvIma `mh-
kzbw X-hn-X-bp--amb hni-I-e-\w-sImpw Cu ns aln-a-X-s-bm-Ip-p.
B-XXzw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm {ihn-
kw_w \Nn-tI- X- n Cu \njvIm- a- `mhw ]q- ambn
pI Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]s CtX-kw-_-n-p- \ ]cn-
I-Xp-sImv Ahs\ {]iw-kn-p-sIm-p-Xp-S-cp-p.
PvRm\w knn-n-p alm-m-cn\npw thWw XXz-{i-
hWw \S- p-hm. Atm X- n\pw AXo- X- amb Cu 11. Ima-kym]vXnw PKX: {]XnjvTmw
Kl-\-hn-j-b-n ]cn-m\w knn-p-p. {ItXm-c-\ -ya-` -bky ]mcw
9. ss\jm XtW aXn-cm-]-t\bm kvtXma-a-l-Zp-cq-Kmbw {]XnjvTmw
t{]mm-t\y-ss\h km-\mb t{]jvT ZrjvSzm [rXym [mtcm \Nn-tItXmXy{km-o.
bmw Xzam]: kXy-[r-Xn_-Xmkn \Nn-tI-X-t, \n Fm-hn-[-nepw t{ijvT\pw
XzmZrMv t\m `qbm--Nn-tIX: {]jvSm. _pn-k--\pw \njvIm-a\pw BIp-p. Rm hc-Zm-\-

N P
 49

I ambn \ns apn hn-cn-p kzw Fm {]Im-c-n- ]qw {ihn-Ww; A\-cw AXns\ a\\w sNWw; K
ep- ap t`mK--fm ]cn-]qhpw PK-ns B[m-c- kz- XZ-\-cw GIm--X-bn AtX-n Nnnv _pn-bn
cq-] hpw bm-Zn-i p-` -I - -fpsS A-c -l n-X -a mb nc-s- Sp-- Ww. C{]-Imcw km[\ sNbvX-Xn-\p-ta a\p-
^ehpw Fm ZpxJ--fn \npw `b--fn\npw cln- jyv B-kz-cq-]-{]m-]vX n-bp-m-Ip-tm AXm-bXv
Xhpw kvXpXn--s-Sp-hm tbmKyhpw AXyw al-Xz- Ah Bm-hns\ XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn {Kln-p-tm B\-
]q-hp-am-Ip-p. thZ--fn AXns At\I hn[-n- -kz-cq-]\ - mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. B
ep KpW-sf Km\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AXv A\-- B\ alm-k-ap-{Zs {]m]n-nv Ah AXn \na--
Imew \ne-\np--Xm-Ip-p. \o AXns al-Xzs \m-bn-o-cp-p. tl \Nn-tI-Xt! \n\-p-thn B ]c-a-
icnp {Kln-n-cp-npw ss[cy-tm-Sp-IqSn AXns\ ]cn- [m-a-ns hmXn Xpd-n- n-cn-p-p. Atmp {]th-in-
Xy-Pn-n-cn-p- p. \ns a\v AXn Aev]w- t]mepw Bk- p--Xn\nv Bpw \nsf XS-bp-hm km[y-a-.
-am-bn-cp-n-. \o kzw Xocp-am-\-n ZrV-ambn \n {_ {]m]vXn-p D-am-hI - m-in-bm-bn-cn-p--
Ddp\np. CXp km[m-c-Wa - . AXn- Xmbn Rm Icp-Xp-p.
- mb Hcp kwK-Xn-b
\m \o henb _pn-am-\pw, A\m- k- \pw B- X-Xzs
kw_w ba-cm-Ps apJ-p-\npw ]c-{_-] - p-cp-
Adn-bp--Xn\p tbmKy\pw BsWv Rm Icp-Xp-p.
tjm--as aln-am-tIp-Ibpw Xm AXn-\-h- Im-in-bm-
kw_w C{]-Imcw \Nn-tI-X-ns \njvm-a-`m-hw- sWv Adn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm \Nn-tI-X-ns a\-
sImv Ch ]c-am-m-hns XXz-m-\-n\v bYm- n ]c-am--X-Xz-a-dn-bm-\p Xmcyw Dev] - -am-bn.
amb Ah-Im-in-bm-sWp ba-cm-P \n-bn-p-p. AXn- AtXm-Sp-IqSn ba-cm-P Xs {]iw-kn-p--Xp-IqSn tI-
\m Ahs Ax-Ic - -W-n ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm-- tm AXyw ktm-N-tm-Sp-IqSn tNmZnp
as XXz-s-n Pnmk hfp--Xn\v C\n-bp
14. A\y{X [m-Z-\y-{Xm-[m-Z-\y
cp a{--fn-embn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns aln-asb
-{Xm-kvam-X vIr-X m-I r-XmXv
hn-p-p.
A\y{X `qXm `hym b-Xv]-iykn XZz-Z.
12. Xw ZpZiw KqV-a-\p-{]-hnjvSw
\Nn-tI-Xv tNmZnp: `K-h, Av Fn {]k--
Kplm-lnXw Klz-tcjvTw ]pcmWw
\m-bn-cn-pp Fn A[ kw_- - c-ln-Xhpw Imcy-
Aym--tbm-Km[n Kta\ tZhw Im-c-W{- ]-Ir-Xn-bn\npw hyXy-kvX-ambpw `qXw. h-
aXzm [otcm lj-timIu Plm-Xn. am-\w, `mhn Ch-sb-m-n\npw `nhpw Bbn A-
dn-n-cn-p ]c-am--X-Xzs F\n-p-]t- Z-in tXc-
Cu kq PKv AXyw Zp-ahpw Kl-\h - p-
W-ta.
amb Hcp h\- n\p kZr-i-am-Ip-p. Fm Cu ]c- {_
]c-ta-iz-c ]cn-] q-\ m-I p-p. AXv Ch-bn-semw 15. kt thZm bXv ]Z-am-a-\n
k{X {]hn-jT v -am-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ- X]mwkn kmWn N bZv hZn
b-am-Ip Kpl-bn nXn-sN-p-p. C{]-Imcw \nXyhpw
bZn-tm {_-Ncyw Ncn
Hn-n-cp-npw Bfp-Ip kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Adn-bp-hm
Ign-bp-n: Fp-sIm-s-m AXp kzw tbmK-am- Xt ]Zw kw{K-tlW {_ho-taym-an-tXy-X-Xv.
b-bpsS hmp-I-fn Hfn-n-cn-p-p. AXyw Kp]vX- ba-cm-P ChnsS ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ ]c-a-
am-bn-cn-p-p. AXns Zi\w AXyw Zpe-`a - m-Ip-p. {]m]yw Fp ]d-p-sImp AXns hmN-Ia - mb Hmw
bmsXmcp ip-_pn k--\mb km[-I, Xs a\-n- Imcs kzcq-]-ambn D]-tZ-in-p-p. Atlw ]d-bp-p,
t\bpw _pn-tbbpw \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw AXns Nn- ka-kvX-th-Z-fpw \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep O-p-Is - f-
bn a-am-p-pthm Ah\v B k\m-X-\-ssZ-hs smp bmsXm-ns\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-pthm kq
{]m]np kZm-Imew lj- tim-I-c-ln-X-\m-bn-o- cm km[n- X]w apX-emb km[-\-I-fpsS GI-am-{Xhpw ]c-a-hp-amb
pw. Ahs Ax-Ic - -W-n \npw lj-tim-ImZn eyw GsXm-mtWm GXns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-th-n-
hnImc kaqew \in-p-t]m-Ip-p. bp C- bm km[-I \njvm-a-]qw {_-N-cys
13. GX-rXzm k-cn-Krly aXyx A\p- jvTn-p- pthm B ]pcp-tjm-a `K-hms ]c- a- XXzw
Rm \n\p kwt-]-ambn D]-tZ-in- pp; AXm-Ipp
{]hrly [y-a-Wp-ta-X-am]y
Hmw F Cu GIm--cw.
k tamZtX tamZ\obw ln e_v[zm
kw_w \ma-c-ln-X-\m-sW- nepw ]c-am-mhv At\Iw
hnhrXw kZva \Nn-tI-Xkw at\y.
t]cp-If
- m hnfn--s-Sp-p. At-l-ns Fm t]cp-
Cu Aym hnj-b-I-amb [tm-]-tZ-is BZy- I-fnepw Hmw k-t{ijvTw Fp KWn--s-Sp-p. AXn-
ambn A\p- `- h- m-\-ap alm- ]p-cp- j- m-cn\npw {im- \m ChnsS \ma-n-tbpw \man- bp-tSbpw At`Zs ]cn-

N P
 50

I K-Wnv "{]Wh's ]c-{ _ ]pcp-tjm- -a s AXns \nXy-X-tbbpw hn-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s- K

m\p hn-p-sImp ba-cm-P ]d-bpp m, km[-I\v Xs \nXy-X-bp-sSbpw \nn-Im-c-X-bp-
tSbpw A\p-`hw Dm-Ip-n-tbm AXp- t]mse Xs ico-
16. GX-ty-hm-cw {_ GX-ty-hm
cm-ZnIfmb A\y-h-kvXp--fn \npw `n-ambn Icp-Xm-
-cw ]cw
Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu A\n-Xy-h-kvXp--tfmSp sshcm-Ky-
GX-ty-hm-cw mXzm tbm ap- mbn Ahs Ax-I-c-W- n \nXy-X-Xz-ns A`n-
bZn--Xn-X-ky-XX - v. emjw D-hn-p-n-. Pohm-mhp \nXy-tN-X\m m\
Cu Ahn-\m-in- bmb {]Whw HmwImcw Xs- bm-Ip-p. kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. A\n-Xyhpw hn\m-in-bp-amb PUicoc-
(]-c-am-m-hns kzcq-]w). {_hpw AXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. pw t`mKpw hmkvX -h - n CXp-a mbn
AXm-bXv B {_-n-tbpw ]c-{_--n-tbpw \maw bmsXmcp kw_--hp-an-spap ZrV-amb A\p-`qXn
HmwIm-c-sa-p-X-s- bm- Ip- p. AXn-\m Cu XXzs {Kln- Ah-\p-m-IW - w. CXv A\m-Znbpw A\--hp-am-Ip-p.
nv km[-I\v CXp-hg- n-bmbn cnq-Snbpw GsX-nepw bmsXmcp Imcy- Im-c-W-fpw CXn- \n-. AXn-\m CXp P\-
A`o-jvS-cq-]s {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. \-acW cln-Xhpw kZm GIhpw kYm \nn-Im-chpw
BIp-p. ico-c-ns \miw-sImv CXn\p \miw kw`-
17. GX-Zm-ew-_\w t{ijvT-ta-XZ- m-ew-_\w ]cw
hn-p-n-. CXv acn-p-sapw acn-n-p-sapw Bsc-
GX-Zm-ew-_\w mXzm {_-temtI nepw Icp-Xp--h-cp-s- n Ah hmkvX-h-n B-
alo-btX kz-cq-]s Adn-bp-n-. Ah kYm {`a-n Ign-
]c-am {]m]vXn-p-thn kzoI-cn-p ]e-co-Xn-bn- p-Iq-Sp-p. Ah ]d-bp-Xv Bcpw {in- t Bh-
ep Bew-_-\--fn ]c-a-t{i-jT v hpw ]c-am-h-ew-_hpw iy-an- . bYm-n Bmhv Bscbpw sImp-p-an;
Cu HmwImcw Xs- bm-Ip-p. CX-msX ap bmsXm-c-h-ew- Bpw AXns\ sImp-hm\pw km[n-p-n-.
_-\hpw C. AXm-bXp ]c-am-m-hns t{ijvT-amb \ma- km[-I\p icoc-n-tbpw t`mK--fp-tSbpw A\n-Xy-
s- s icWw {]m]n- pI FXv A Xns X-tbbpw Xs Bm-hns \nXy-X-tbbpw Nnn-nv Cu
{]m]vXnp ktm- -ahpw Atam-L-hp-amb km[-\-bm- A\nXy t`mK--fn-ep kpJ-ns Bi-bs XyPn-
Ip-p. Cu cl-kys {Kln-np bmsXmcp km[-I v, kZm Xtm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p \nXy-kpJ kzcq-]-\mb
`nbpw t{]ahpw CXn An-p-pthm Ah Xo- ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v A`n-em-j-ap--
bmbpw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. h-\m- bn-o-c -Ww.
kw_w C{]-Imcw HmwIm-cs {_w, ]c-{_-w kw_w C{]-Imcw B- X-Xz-ns h\ hgn \Nn-
Ch cn-tbpw {]Xo-I-ambn ]d-n-v, \Nn-tI-X- ns tI-X-ns Ax-Ic - -W-n ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as
{]iv\-n-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn ba-cm-P Bm-hns kzcq- XXz-s- -n- bp Pnm-k-bp- Wn- bnp ba-cm-P ]c-
]s hn-pp: am-m-hns kzcq-]s hn-p-p.
18. \ PmbtX {anbtX hm hn]-n 20. AtWm-cW- o-bm--ltXm alo-bm
mbw IpX-n _`qh InXv \mmky Ptm\n-lntXm Kplm-bmw.
AtPm \nXy: imiztXmbw ]pcmtWm Xa-{IXp: ]iyXn hoX-timtIm
\ l\ytX l\y-amt\ ico-tc. [mXp-{]-km-Zm lnam-\-am-\mx
\nXy-m-\-cq-]-amb Bmhp acn-p-Itbm P\n-p- CXn\p ap]p-Xs Pohmmhns ip-amb kzcq-
Itbm sNp-n-, AXp kzbw Hn \npm-btXm ]s hn-n- p- v. Cu a{-n AXn\p "Pp' Fp
Hn\p Imc-Wtam A. AXm-bXv AXv Hns Imcy-Im- t]cp sImSp-nv AXns hrm-h - sb hy-am-n-bn-
c-W-am-Ip-n-. AXv AP-mhpw \nXyhpw kZm GI-c-k- cn-p-p. AXm-bXv ]c- {_--]p-cp-tjm-- a B Pohm-m-
ap-Xpw ]pcm-X-\-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp hrn--b-cl - n-X-hp- hns AXyw \nI-S-h-bmbn nXn-sN-p-s-nepw
am-Ip- p. ico-c- n\p \mi- ap-m-bmepw Ah\p \mi- ap-m- AXns t\tc Hcn- t]mepw ZrjvSn-bp-bn {in-
Ip-n-. m-dn-. AXv taml--fn apgpIn Fmw adp Ign-bp-
19. lm tN-\ytX lpw p. Cu ImcWw sImp-Xs "Pp' a\p-jy-i-cocw e`n-
lX-t-\
- ytX lXw npw IoS ]Xw-K--fmb Xp-{]m-WnIsftmse Xs
Zpe-` -amb Pohn-Xw-hy-a mbn \in-np If-bp- p.
D`u Xu \ hnPm-\otXm \mbw ln
bmsXmcp km[-I ]qtm--amb hnth-N-\a\pk-cnv
\ l\y-tX.
kzbw \nXy-tN-X-\m- kz-cq]w Fp IcpXn Fm {]Im-c-n-
ba-cm-P ChnsS Bm-hns ip-kz-cq-]t- bpw ep-ap t`mKm-`n-em-j--fn \np cln-X- \mbpw timI-c-

N P
 51

I ln-X-\mbpw Xocp-pthm Ah ]c-am Ir]-bm ]c- Hcn-epw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h- imepw tei-am-{X-am-bn-tmepw K
{_ ]pcp-tjm--a AWp-hn AWphpw al-n timIw {]I-Sn-n-p-n-. CXp Xs- bmWv A-s\-bp
alpw k-hym-]nbpw BsW-p ]c-{_-- a-ln-asb Bfns e-Ww.
{Kln-nv kmm-Xvmcw {]m]n-p-p-shv A\p-`h - n--
kw_w C\n B ]c-am-m- hns\ kzw ]pcp- jmw-
dn-bp-p. ChnsS "[mXp {]km-ZmXv' F-Xns Aw
sImv Bcpw {]m]n-p-n- . adnv AXv Bsc kzoI-cnp-
"]c-ta-iz-cs Ir]' Fpw "[mXp' F hmn-\w
pthm Ah\p am{Xw e`n-p-p. AXn-s\-n ]d-bpp
"km-[mc ]c-am-mhv' Fpw AwKo-Ic - n-p-p.
23. \mb-amm {]h-Nt- \\ et`ym
21. Bkot\m Zpcw {hPXn
\ta-[bm \ _lp\m {iptX\!
ibmt\m bmXn khX:!
bta-sshj, hrWptX tX\ e`y
IkvXw aZm-aZw tZhw
kvXsskyj Bm hnhr-WptX X\qw-kzmw.
aZt\ym mXp-al-Xn.
Rm GsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-n hn-p-I-gn-n-cn-
]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv ANny inbpw hncp--[m- p-p-thm, At-l-s, imkv{X- ]Tn-nv at\m-l-c-
{i-bnbpw BIp-p. Htc kabw Xs At-l-n -fmb `mj-W--fn ]am--X-Xz-ns \m\m{]Im-c--
hncp [--fpsS eoe-I kw`-hn-p-tam. AXn-\m fn-ep h-\-I \S-p--ht\m X-io-e-m-cmb
Atlw Htc ka-bv kqvam kqvahpw al-n _pn-Po-hn-Itm _pn-am-\m-sW-p Al-mc {]a-
alpw Bbn Adn-b-s-Sp-p. B ]c- ta-iz-c Xs \nXy -X-bn \np`q-X-amb Xw apJm-ncw hnth-Nn-nv
]ca [ma-n hncm-Pn-p-sImv `m-[n-\-\mbn `-m- At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn\p {ian-p--ht\m ]c-am-m-
cpsS hnfn-tIv _lp-Zqcw k-cn-p-p. ]ca [ma-n hns\ kw_-np hf-sc-b-[nIw tIn-p--ht\m {]m]n-
A[n-h-kn-p ]mj-Z-`--m-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn Atlw p-hm km[n-p--X-. bmsXm-cp-s\ Atlw kzbw
ibn-p-sImv Fm Znp-I-fnepw k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- kzoI-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s- n D-
p. As-n B ]c-am-mhv kZm k{X nXn- S-amb A`n-\n-th-i- aptm bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s-q-
sN-p-p. Ccn-p-n-S-pw, Zqsc t]mbm Ahn-S-bpw, SmsX Pohn-p-hm km[n-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-
Dd-p-tm Ahn-sSbpw At-lw-D-v. At-l-ns Xs _pn-i-n-bnepw km[-\-I-fnepw B{i-bw-
k-hym-]-IX CXm-Ip-p. Atlw k{X Fm-cq-]-- sh-bvmsX At-l-ns Ir]sb am{Xw {]Xo-n-p-
fnepw \nXyhpw Xt-Xmb aln-a-bnepw nXn-sN-p-p. sIm-n-cn-p-pthm C{]-Imcw Ir]m-\n`-c-m-cmb km[-
C{]-Imcw Aeu-In-I- ]-c- ssa- iz- cy-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-cp- npw At- I-m-cp-sS-ta ]c-am-mhv Ir] ImWn-p-Ibpw tbmK-am-
l-n\p Xs sFiz-cy-n teiw-t]mepw Almc-an- b-bpsS ad amn-bnv Ahs apn kz-cq]w {]I-S-am-
. B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn-\p Ah-Imiw (B-- n-m-Wn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
X-Xz- - \mb ba- cm- P\p Xpeyw) F\n--msX ammWp
km[n-p--Xv. kw_w C\n ]c-am {]m]vXn Bp-m-Ipp
Fp ]d-bpp
kw_w C\n C{]-Im-c-ap B ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-
asb Adn-bn-p ]pcp-js\ Xncn-d- n-bp Imcyw ]d- 24. \mhn-ctXm Zp-cn-Xm
bpp mimtm \mk-am-lnX:
22. Ai-cocw ico-tcjp \mim am\tkm hm]n
A\-h tjzh- nXw {]m-t\-s s\-\-am- ]v\p-b mXv
almw hn`p-am-m\w hymJym\w bmsXm- cp- Zpcm-N-c-W- - fn hnc- -\mbn
Ahsb ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-n-tbm bmsXm-cp-s a\v ]c-
aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.
am-m-hns\ Dt]-nv Zn\-cm-{X--fn t`mK-kp-J--fn
Pohn-I-fpsS icocw A\n-Xyhpw hn\mi kz`m-h-tm- Ae-p-Xn-cn-bp-pthm ]c-am-m-hn hnizm-k-an-msX
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p. AXn\v {]Xn-Ww ]cn-h\w bmsXm- cp- kZm Aim--\mbn Pohn-p-pthm bmsXm-
kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. AXn-semw ka-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn cp-s a\-,v _pn, C{n-b- Ch \nb-{W hnt[-
nXn-sN-p ]c- {_- - ]p- cp- tjm--a Cu ico- c- -fm b-am-bn- cn-p-n- tbm A-s\-bp a\p- jy kqva- _p-
khYm cln-X\pw Ai-co-c\pw BIp-p. Cu ImcWw n-tbm-S p-IqSn B-h n-N mcw sNbvX p-s Im- n-c p-m
sImp- Xs Atlw \nXy\pw AN- e-\p- am- Ip- p. {]mIrX t]mepw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-n-.
tZi-Ime KpWm-ZnIfm A]-cn-n--\mb B alm\pw Fp-sIm-s-m Ah ]c-am-m-hns Ako-a-amb
k-hym-]nbpw Fm-n-tbpw B kzcq-]-hp-amb ]c- BZ-c-hn\p ]m{X-am-bn-o-cp-n; AXns\ Ah-tl-fn-p-
ta-iz- cs\ Adn-- Xn- \p- tijw m\n- bmb alm-]p-cp- j sImp Pohn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah ]c-am-m-hns

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 52

I Ir]n-bv-h-Im-in-bmbnocp-n-. Ombm-X]u {_-hntZm hZn K

kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs XXz-sf {ihn-npw ]m-tbm tb N {XnWm-Nn-tIXmx
_pn-bp- ]- tbm-Knp a\\w sNbvXnpw a\p-jy\v AXp {Kln- ba-cm-P ChnsS Pohm-m-hn-tbpw ]c-am-m-hn-t-
p-hm Fp-sImp km[n-p-n? AtX-kw- _-np bpw. \nXy-kw-_-s ]cn-N-bs - -Sp-n-smp ]d-
]d-bpp bpp {_-th-m--fmb alm-m-\n-Ifpw bm-Zn-
aw-K-f-I- A\p-jvTn-p BkvXn-I-a-lm-P-\-fpw
25. bky {_ N {Xw N
Fm-hcpw Htc kzc- n ]d-bp-p. ""Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw
Dt` `hX HmZ\: hfsc Zp-`-amb Hm- W.v ]q-P-mn- X-amb At\Iw
arXypb- tkym-]-tk-N\w ]pWy-I- \nan--ambn ]c-a-Ir-]m-ep-hmb ]c-am-
I Cm thZ b{X k. mhp Ir]m-]-c-hi - -\mbn Pohn-Iv Ah-bpsS awK- f-k-
m- Z-\-n-\mbn Cu t{ijvT-amb ico-cs {]Zm\w sNp-
a\p-j y-i -c o-c --f n [-k z-`m-h -ap {_m-W -
Ibpw ]ns Cu Pohm-m-hn-t\m-sSm-p-Xs kzbw
tbpw [-c- m-kz-`m-h-ap {Xn-b-tbpw ico-c-
AXns Xs lrZ-bm- `m- Kv ]c- {_--ns \nhm-
]c- am-m-hns {]m]vXn-p-thn AXy-[nIw Daw Fp
k-cq-]-amb t{ijvT-m-\v A-cym-an-bmbn {]Xn-jT v n-
Icp-Xp-p. Fm Ahbpw B Ime-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta- X-am-bn-cn-p-I-bpw, sN-pp. am{X-a-, Ah cpw AhnsS
iz-c\p t`mP-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns ap km[m-cW a\p- Htm-sSm-nv kXys ]m\w sNp-p. ip`-I-
jy-i-co-c--fpsS IY Fm-bn-cnpw? Fm-n-t\bpw m-h-iy-amb kXv ^es A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-
kwl-cn-p arXyp-tZ-ht]mepw B ]c-ta-iz-cs t`mP- p. Xo-bmbpw cn-tbpw A\p-`-h--fn hep-Xmb
\-tm-Sp-IqSn tN-s-Sp Nv\nbpw ]--dn-Ifpw Acw Dv. (]-c-am-mhv Akw-Khpw At`m-mhpw
t]mse-bm-Ip-p. Cs\ {_mW {Xn-bmZn kakvX BIp-p.) Hmtcm Pohn-bp-tSbpw lrZ-b - n hkn-p-
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw kzbw arXyp-hn-tbpw kwlm-c-I\pw sImv AXns ip`-I--fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-Xv
B{i-b-Zm-Xmhpw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ GsX-nepw a\p-jy\v AP-m-hm-bn-cp-npw Pw kzoI-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp
Cu A\nXy a\-v, _pn, C{n-b - hgn-bmbn AXy- At-l-ns eoem-hn-emkw am{X-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m
t-b-h-kvXp--tf-tmse Fs\ Xncn-d- n-bp-hm Ign- Atlw Bkz-Zn-p-p-s- nepw hmkvX- h - n Bkz-
bp-p. AJn-et- bpw Adn-bp--hs\ Xncn-d- n-bp--Xn- Zn-p-n-. As-n, Hp-IqSn ]d-m ]c-am-mhp
\p kmayw Bpv? AXm-bXv (]qtm--amb kXys ]m\w sNn-p-p. ip`-I--fpsS ^ew
23-mw a{-a-\p-k-cn-v) ]c-am-mhv Bsc Xs Ir]m-]m-{X- A\p-`-hn-n-p-p. Pohm-mhp ]m\w sNp-p. Fm
amn kzX-X z- {Kln-n- p-hm-\ m-{K-l n-p- pthm ^e-t`mK ka-bp Pohm-mhv Ak-MK v -am-bn-cn-p-n-.
Ah\p am{Xta At-ls Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-I-bp- AXv Al-m-c- tm-Sp-IqSn kpJs D]-t`mKw sNp-p.
q. GsX- nepw kzw in-s Imv At-l s C{]-Imcw Hn-n-cp-n- p-IqSn Pohm-mhpw ]c-am-mhpw
bYm-cq-]-n lrZn--am-p-hm km[y-a; Fp- shbnepw \ng-epw-t]mse ]c-kv]cw `n-am-bn-cn-p-p.
sIm-s-m Atlw euIn-IPvtRb hkvXp--sf- Pohm-mhp \ngt]mse Aev] {]Im-i-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- bXpw
tmse _pnbp]tbm-Knp Xncn--dn-bp--Xn Fp-s]- Aev]-hpw BIp-p. ]c-am-mhp shbnt]mse
Sp- -Xm-bn-cn-p-n-. ]q-{]-Im-i-bp-hpw k-bpw BIp-p. \ng-en
kw_w cmw `mK-n Pohm-m-hn-tbpw ]c-am- ImWp Aev]-{]-Imiw F{]-Imcw ]q-{]- Im-i- cq-]- amb
Xvam-hn-tbpw kzcq-]-sf {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-p- shbn-en-t-Xm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse Pohm-m-hn
Ibpw AXp {Kln-np {_s {]m]n-p--Xp-sImp \ne-\np Aev]-m\w t]mepw ]c-am-m-hn-tXp
kn-am-Ip ^e-s-n ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Npcp--n bmsXm-cp-s\ ]c-am-mhp kzoI-cn-p- Cu clkyw {Kln-n-v, a\p-jy X-fp-tS-Xmb in-
pthm Ah\p am{Xta At-ls Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp- bn Hcp {]Im-c-nepw Al--cn-msX A-cym-ao-cq-]-
p-q. Fm ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\p km[- n kZm X-fpsS lrZ-b-- fn \nh-kn-p- p. ]c-
\-Isf AXn kv]jvS-ambn hnh-cn-n-n-. AXn-\m km[- am-ob ]ca Ir]m-ep-hmb ]c-am-m-hns\ \nXyhpw \nc-
\-Isf hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p--Xn-\p-thn aqmw `mKw Bcw-`n- - chpw Nnn-p-sImp Ign-b-Ww.
p-sImv ba-cm-P BZy a{-n Pohm-m-hn-tbpw kw_w ]c-am-m-hns\ {Kln-p--Xn\pw {]m]n-p-
]c-am-m-hn-tbpw \nXy-kw-_-hpw \nhm-k-m-\hpw -Xn-\p ktm--a-amb km[\ ""At-ls {Kln-
]d- n-cn-p- p. p--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap in {]Zm\w sNt-
1. EXw ]n_u kpIr-Xky temtI Wta'' Fv At-lt- mSp {]mn-pI am{X-am-Ip-p.
Kplmw {]hnjvSu ]cta ]cmt Cu kwKXn ba-cm-P kzbw {]mn-p-sImp hy-
am-p-p.

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 53

I 2. bx tkXp-co-Pm-\m-\m-a-cw {_ bXv ]cw ]c-am-m-hns [ma-n Fn-t-cWw Fp \nt- K

A`bw XnXojXmw ]mcw \mNn-tIXw ihpw \In-bn-cn-p-p.
itI-a-ln. Pohm-mhv C{]- Imcw sNp- I- bm- sW-n AXn-io{Lw
]c-am-m-hn- Fn-t-cpw. Fm AXp kzw ]c-
ba-cm-P ]d-bp-p. ""Atbm ]c-am-m-th, Rv
am-\--a-b-`K
- -h-X{v ]m]vXn kzcq-]-amb Cu eys taml-
\njvm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn bm-Zn-ip` I- \S-p-
h-i m ad-p-t]m-Ip-p. AXp _pn-p t{]cW
-Xn-\p hn[n-I \mbn {Kln-p--Xn\pw A- bpsS
\np--Xp-Im-cWw _pn-cq-]n-bm-Ip kmcYn A{i--
Bm- ]m- e-\mw Ahsb A\p- jvTnv A-bpsS {]k-
\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXp a\-m-Ip ISn-m-Wns\ C{n-
X {]m]n-p--Xn\pw AXn{]-Imcw bmsXmp kwkm-
b-am-Ip ZpjvSm-iz--fpsS Cm-\p-k-cWw hnp-sIm-Sp-p-
c-km-Kc- -ns A-sc-sb-p--Xn\v Cm-ep-hmb hnc-
p. X]-cn-Wmaw Pohm-mhp hnj-b{- ]-h-W-amb C{n-
-]p- cp-j-mp thn-bp \n`-b-]- Z-am-Ip-pthm B
b--fpsS A[o-\-am-bn-v, kwkmc N{I-n hogn-p
]c-ahpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb Am-Ip ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm-
euIn-I-i- _vZ-k] v imZn hnj-b-kp-J--fn Ae-bp-hm
-a-`-K- hms\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw tbmKy-
XpS-p-p. AXm-bXv `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p-thn D]-I-cn--
am-Ip--Xn-\p Ignhpw kmayhpw Zm\w sN-tW.''
s- tS ico- cw, a\-v, C{nbw Ch-bpsS kl-I-c-W-tm-
Cu a{- n ba-cm-P ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv At- Sp-IqsS hnj-bh - n-j- -fpsS D]-t`m-K--fn apgp-In--gn-
ls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p in {]Zm\w sNp--Xn-\p- bp-p.
th-n, ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-
kw_w ]c-am-m-hn--tebvp t]mImsX AXns
p--Xn-\p-ap Ghpw D-ahpw kc-f-hp-amb km[-\-
C{n-b- euInI hnj-b--fn-tev Fp-sImp Xncn-
bvp-thn At-l-tmSp {]mn-p-I-bm-W.v
bpp Fp--Xns\ hnh-cn-pp
kw_w C\n B ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as ]c-a-[m-a-
5. bkvXz-hn-m-\h - m `h-X y-bp-t\
n GsXmw ]c-a-km-[-Im-k---mp {]th-in-p-
a\km kZm
hm Ignbpw? Cu Imcyw cYhpw cYnbpw F cq]Iw
hgn-bmbn hy-am-pp Xtky-{n-bm-Wy-h -iym\n ZpjvSmizm
Ch kmctY:
3. Bm\w cYn\w hnn icocw cY-tah Xp
cYs Aiz-Xs \bn-p-p. Fm B
_pnw Xp kmcYnw hnn a\x IpXn-c-Isf Ftm-smw \bn-Ww? AsXmw ISn-
{]{K-l-tah N. m ]nSn-n-cn-p _pn-am-\mb kmc-Yn-bpsS tPmen-
4. C{n-bmWn lbm-\m-lphn-jbmw bm-Ip-p. C{n-b-cq-]n-Ifpw Icp--mcpw Zp[j-m-cp-
kvtXjp tKmN-cm amb IpXn-c-I kzm`m-hn- I-am-bn-s B]m-X-c-a-Wo- b--
Bt-{n-b-a-t\m-bpw t`mt-Xym fmb hnj-b - -fm \nd-b-s kwkm-cc - q-]-am-Ip ]-
-l pa-\o-j nW: ph- \ - ns t\sc IpXn-
p- ] m- b p- h m CjvS-s-Sp-p.
Fm _pn-bm-Ip kmcYn a\-m-Ip ISn-m
Pohm-mhv ]c-am-m-hn \npw ths]-n-cn-p-p. in-bmbn hen-nv B IpXn-c-Isf Xs \nb-{- W-n-
A\--Im-e-ambn AXv A\-h-cXw kwkm-c-cq-]a - m-Ip \-[o-\m-p-I-bm-sW-n ]noSp IpXn-c-Ip a\-m-
tLmc-h-\ - n Anp kpJs At\z-jnv Ae- Ip ISn- m- Wns klm-b-tm- Sp- IqSn Nnn- msX Hcp
p-Xn-cn-bp-p. kpJ-sap IcpXn FhnsS sNp-pthm `mK-tbvp t]mIp-hm km[n-p-n-. a\ C{n-b--
Ahn-sS-sbmw h]n coXn-bn hn--s-Sp-p. ]ca fp-ambn kl-I-cn-p-tm am{Xta AXn\v hnj-b-kp-J-{K-
kpJ-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-hns kao]w Ah-s\-m-n- l- W- n\v km[n- -bpp; CXv Fm-hpw Adn-bm-hp
S-tmfw Imew kpJhpw imnbpw Hcn-epw e`y-am-Ip- kwK-Xn-bm-W.v ISn-m-Wns klmbw e`n-p Znn-
n- . Cu Zb-\o-bm-h Ip Zbm-a-b-\mb ]c-am-mhv tebvp IpXnc ]mp- sIm-n-cn-p-p. Fm Cu ISn-
Ah\p am\-h-i-coc cq]-am-Ip kp-chpw k-km-[\m m icnp \nb-{np sImn-cn-t-Xv kmc-Yn-
k--hp-amb cYw sImSp- n- cn-p-p. C{nb cq]n-I-fmb bpsS XovW_p-nsb B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p. _pn-cq-]n-
i-m-cmb Aiz- -tfbpw sImSp-n-cn-p-p. Ahs bm-Ip kmcYn hnth-I-bp--ambn kzman-bpsS Bm-
a\-m-Ip kmc-Yn-bpsS ssIhiw Gev]n-p-sIm-Sp-p- \p-hn-bmbn eyn-tebvp nchpw Dd-p-Xpw
Ibpw Pohm-m-hns\ B cY-n {]Xn-jT v nv AXns m\ k-hpw C{n-b-cq-]n-bm-Ip IpXn-c-Isf \bn-
kzman-bm-n-bnv \nc-cw _pn-bpsS t{]c-Wb\pk-cnp p--Xn ka-\p-am-bn-cn-p-n-s-n \nm-sX,
]c-am- m- hn--te-m- \-bn-p `K-hms \maw, cq]w, eoe, ISn-m-Wns klm-b-tm-Sq-IpSn cYs apgp-h\pw
[maw apX-em-b-h-bpsS Io-\-{i-hWw a\\w apX-embn AXns kzm[o-\ - n-e m- p-I bpw kmc-Y n-b pssS
{]i-kX v hpw kl-P-hp-amb am--fnqSn k-cnp cYs HmsI hen- p- sIm-p-t]mbn AKm-[- amb K-

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 54

I n-tebvp ]Xn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. _pn-bpsS \nb- 8. bkvXp hnm-\-hm `hXn K

{-W - n \nm C{n-b - (A-{i- -\ mb ka-\kvI: kZm ipNn:
kmcYntbbpw ZpjvSmw-i--tfbpw t]mse) D-tcm-cw k Xp XXv]-Z-am-]vt\mXn bkvamZv `qtbm
AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Drw- J-ea- mbn s]mbvsm-n-cn-pw. \ Pmb-tX.
kw_w C\n kzbw {im-ep-hmbn Xs _pnsb CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn Bdm- as a{-a-\p- k-cnv kzbw
hnth-I-io-e-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-p--Xp-sIm-p {]tbm-P- {im-ep-hmbn Xs _pnsb \nc-cw hnth-Ikz`mh-
\s hnh-cn-pp tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-nbpw Xzmcm a\-ns\ \nb-{np
6. bkvXp hnm-\-hm `hXn ]hn{X `mh-n nc-s-Sp-nbpw C{n-b- amw
bpt\ a\km kZm `K-hms B-b-\p-k-cnv ]hn-{X- I-sf \njvm-
a-` m-h -t m-S p-I qSn BN-c npw AXp-t]mse `K-h m\v
Xtky-{n-bmWn hiym\n kZizm
AWw sN-s t`mKsf; cmK-tZz-j-cl - n-X-ambn
Ch kmctYx
\njvm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn ico-c-c-\n-l-W-n-\ mbn
bmsXmcp Pohm-mhv Xs _pnsb hnth-I-k--- am{Xw D]-t`mKw sNbvXp-sImpw Ign-bp-pthm Ah
am- p- pthm bmsXm- ns _p n Xs e y- `K-hms ]c-a-[m-as {]m]n-p-p. ]no-sSm-cn-epw
ns AXyw {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn \nXyhpw \nc-- c- Ahn-sS-\npw Xncnp t]mtc--Xmbpw hcp-n-.
hp-amb ss\]p-Wy-tm-Sp-IqSn C{n-b-sf km-
kw_w Fm-as a{- n ]d-b-s Imcy-sf
nqSn \bn- p--Xn\p a\- ns\ _m[y- - am-n- sm-
hopw Hp-IqSn kv]jvS-hp-am-n-smp cY-ns
n-cn-p-pthm AXns a\pw ey-ns
cq]Iw D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
tI{o-I-cn-n-cn-p-Ibpw Xzmcm AXns C{n-b -
\n-bm-- Ia - mb _pn--[o-\-ambn `K-h-w-_-n-bmb 9. hnm-\-km-c-YnbkvXp a\:-{]-{K-
hnj-b-tk- h-\-- fn, t{ijvTmiz- {im-ep-hmb kmc- l-hm \cx
Yn-bpsS \nb-{-W-n AXns \nnjvT am-- tkm[z\: ]mc-am-]vt\mXn XZzn-jvtWm:-
fnqSn \bn- p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs kwe--am-bn-o- ]-caw ]Zw.
cp-p.
XrXob a{w apX H]Xmw a{w hsc Ggp-a-{-
kw_w Am-as a{-a-\p-k-cnv Hcp-s -fn-embn cY-ns cq]-I-n Cu Imcyw hy-am-
_pnbpw a\pw hnth-Ihpw kwb-a-hpw-Iq-Sm-sX-bm-Ip- n-b n-c n- p- p. Cu AXn-Zp-` -a mb a\p-j y-i -c ocw
tm AXns Ah Fm-Ipp AXns\ hnh-cn- bmsXmcp Pohm-m-hn\p ]c-am-m-hns Ir]-bm e`y-
p-p. amtbm AXns\ AXn-thKw Poh-mn `L-hXv {]m]vXn-
7. bkvXz-hn- m-\-hm `h-Xy-a-\kvIx bpsS am-nqSn \bn--Ww. icocw A\n-Xy-am-Ip-
kZm-ipNn: p. \nan-jw-tXmdpw AXp bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- p. kzw
Pohn-X-nse Cu Aaqey ka-bs arK--sf-tmse
\ k XXv]-Z-am-]-t\mXn kwkmcw
tIhew kmwkm-cnI t`mK- A\p- `-hn- p--Xn- \p-thn
Nm[n-K--Xn.
\in-n--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n ]noSp XpS-bmbn P\\
bmsXm-cp-s _pn kZm hnth-I-n\npw acW cq]-amb kwkm-c-N-{I-n AI-sp Id-p--
I-hym-I-hy--fpsS m\-n\npw cln- Xn\p _my- -am-bn-o-cp-p. GsXmcp al-mb Imcy-
Xhpw a\-ns\ \nb-{n-p--Xn Ak-a-hp-am-bn-cn- kn-n-p-thn Cu Zp-`-amb a\p-jy-i-cocw e`yam-bn-
p-pthm bmsXm-cp-s a\v \n{K- l-c- ln- X-hpw Akw- cn-p-pthm AXp ]q-am-bn-cn-p-n-. AXm-bXv a\p-
b-X-hpw, hnNmc ZpjnXfp-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw AXp- jyp `K-hXv Ir]-bm e`y-am-bn-cn-p hnth-I-i-
t]m-se-Xs C{n-b- \nc-cw Zpcm-Nm-c--fn apgp- nsb icn-bmb coXn-bn ssIImcyw sN-Ww. kwkm-
In-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm A- s\-bp _pn-i-n- c-ns A\n-Xy-X-bp-tSbpw Cu B]m-X-c-a- Wo-b- amb hnj-
bn-m a\v C{n-b--fpsS kzm[o-\-h-e-b - n- eI- -s- b-Po-hn-X-kp-J--fp-tSbpw bYm-amb ZpxJ-kz-`m-hs
n-cn-p-p. Ahs PohnXw Hcn-epw ]hn-{X-ambnocp- a\-n-emn Ch-sb-n Nnnpw D]-t`mKfn \np
n-. AXn- \m Ah am\- h-i- co-c-tm-Sp- IqSn {]m]y-tbm- hnc--cmbpw Xoc-Ww. tIhew ico-c-ns \ne-\n-ev]n-
Ky-amb ]c-a-]-Zs Hcn-epw {]m]n-p-n- . adnv Xs \m-h-iy-amb I- hy-I-sf \njvm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-
Zpjv--fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-kz-cq-]a - mb Cu kwkm-c-N-{I- IqSn `K-hms B Fp hnNm- cnv A\p-jvTn- p-sImv
n- eI - -sv Ae-tb-- Xm-bn-hc
- p-p. IqI-c-iq-I-cmZn \oN- kz_p- n- bn At-l-ns \maw, cq]w, eoe, [maw XYm
tbm-\n-I-fn P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNt--Xmbn At-l-ns AeuInI in Assl-Xp-I-{Inb Ch-
hcp-p. bn ZrV-hn-izmkw kwPm-X-am-p-Ibpw k-`m-h--

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 55

I tfmSpw IqSn `K-hm-\ns tNn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. s-n- cn-p-p. Cu Imc-W--sfmw sImpw AXp-t]mse K
Xs a\-ns\ `K-hms XXz-Nn-- I-fnepw hmWnsb At- {_-k q-{X- Im-cs kmwJy-a-Xm-\p-k -c Ww al-Xzhpw
l-ns KpW-h-\-I-fnepw t\{X-sf At-l- ns Ahy {]Ir-Xn-cq-]hpw F Ahpw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-
Zi-\-nepw I-sf At-l-ns aln-am-{i-h-W- cn-p--Xn\npw ChnsS almhn-ti-j-W-tm-Sp-IqSn
nepw hym]r-X-am--Ww. C{]-Imcw Fm C{n-b - -fp- B-]Z- -ns Bibw Pohm-mhp Xs-bm-Ipp
tSbpw kw_w `K-hm-\p-ambn kwL-Sn-n--Ww. Pohn- Fpw AwKo-I-cn--Ww. CXn-\m a{- ns kmcmwiw
X-ns Hcp Ww t]mepw `K-hms a[p-c-kva-cW C{n-b-ns Aw (hn-j-bw) _e-hm Fm-Ip-p.
IqSmsX \on-tm-Ip-hm A\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v CXn-s- Ah km[-Is C{n-b-sf _em-e v m-c-ambn Xn-te-
bm-Ipp a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns km-IX \ne-sIm-p- bvm-Ijn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m C{n-b-sf
-Xv. C{]-Im-c-samw A\p-jvTnp Pohn-p ]pcp-j hnj-b - -fn\npw AIn \np-Xp km[-I\v DNn-
\n-b-ambpw ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as ANny ]c-a-]- X-am-bn-cn-pw. hnj-b--fn a\v _e-hm-\m-Ip-p. hnj-
Zs {]m]n-np kZm-Im-e-tmfw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o- b--fn a\v A\m-k--am-sW-n C{n-bhpw hnj-
cp-p. bhpw cn\pw km[-I\p bmsXmcp lm\nbpw kw`-hn-
n-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. a\-n-t\-m _pn _e-h-m-
kw_w D]-cyp--amb h-\-I-fn cY-ns cq]-
Ip-p. AXn-\m _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnnv a\-ns\
I-n `K-h-X{v ]m-]vXn-p-th-n-bp km[-\-Isf \nt-
cmK tZzjc-ln-X- amn Xs \nb-{- W-n-em-n-o-
in-n-cn-p-p. B km[-\Ifn hnth-I-_p-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Ww. AXp-t]mse _pn-tb-m Ch-sb-m-n-tbpw
a\-ns\ \nb-{W hnt[-b-amn C{n-b-sf hn]-co-X-
kzman-bmb alm "Bmhv' _e-hm-\m-Ip-p. AXns
am-n \npw AIn `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p am--
B ]men-p--Xn\v Ch-sbmw _my--am-W.v AXn-
fn-tebvp \bn-t Imcyw hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
\m a\p-jyv B-i-n-bpsS A\p-`-h-a-dnv AXp-
CXn asmcp {]iv\w D-hn-p-p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn
h-gn-bmbn _pn apX- emb Fm-h-sbpw \nb-{-W-hn-t[-
ZpjvShpw _e-h-p-amb C{n-b-sf AXp-In-jSv -s-
b-am-n-o-Ww.
Xpw Ak-p-amb am--fn \npw F{]-Imcw amn-
hn-Smw. AXn-\m Cu Imcys XmXzn-I-ambn hnth-Nn-nv 11. alXx ]c-a-hy--a-hy-mXv ]pcpj: ]c:
C{n-b-sf Ak-m--fn \npw XSp `K-hm-\n-
]pcp-jm ]cw Inw Nnm ImjvTm km
tev Xncn-p-hn-Sp--Xn-\p D]m-b-sf \nt-in-p-p.
]cm KXm:
10. C{n-tb`yx ]cm lym At-`y
Cu a{-n "Ahy' ]Zs `K-hms {XnKp-W-
]cw a\:
a-bn-bmb ssZhn-I-am-bm-i-n-p-thn {]bp--am-n-bn-
a\-kkvXp ]cm _pn_p-t-cmm cn-p- p. AXp-t]mse bmsXm- n-\m tamln- X- amb Poh
alm]cx `K-hms\ Adn-bp-n-tbm AXp-X-s- bm-Ipp Pohm-m-
Cu a{-n "]c' F hmIv {]tbmKw _e-hm hn-tbpw ]c-am-m-hntdbpw CS-b v p ad. Xm-c-
F-n-em-Ip-p. Cu Imcyw {]tXyIw a\-n-em-- Ww- s Imp Pohm- m- h n\p k- h ym- ]nbpw A-cym-an-bp-
Ww. Fp-sIm-s - m Imcy-I m-c -W -` m-h -tmtSm amb ]c- t a- i z- cs\ \nXyhpw kao- ] - - \m- bn- cp- npw ImWp-
kqva-X-bpsS ZrjvSn-bntem C{n-b - sf At]-np hm\pw {Kln- p- hm\pw km[n- p- n- . CXn-s\-bmWv Cu
i_vZmZn hnj-b - sf t{ijvTw Fp ]d-bp-Xv bpn- {]I-c-W-n Pohm-m-hn-s\-m _e-hm-s\p ]d-bp-
bp--am-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. CXp-t]m-se-Xs "alm' F - Xv. Pohm-m-hn\p kzw in- sImv Cu ambsb amp-
hnti-j-Wt- m-Sp-IqSn Bm F ]Zw Pohm-m-hns\ -Xn\p Ignbp-n-. `K-hms\ icWw {]m]n- pIgnm
Dt-in-p--Xm-Ipp; al-Xz- n-s-bm-Ip-n-. Pohm-mhv s At-l-ns Ir]m-_-e-m AXn\v CXn
Ch-s b- m- n-tbpw A[n-I m-c n-b m-I p- p. AXn-\m \npw Ic-I- b-dp- hm km[n-p-p. ChnsS "Ahy' ]Zw-
AXns\ kw_-nv "alm' F hnti-jWw kYm sImp kmwJy-a-Xm-h-ew-_n-If - psS "{][m-\-XXzw' kzoI-cn-
DNn-X-hp-am-Ip-p. B-X- Xz-ns Bi-b-n CXns - W - s a- n; Fp- s Im- s - m Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-
{]tbmKw Dm-Ip-Ib - m-sW-n B-]-Z-{]-tbm-K- ns n "{][m\w' kzX- {- a m- I p- p. AXv Bm-hn-\p-]-cn-bm-
bmsXm-cm-hi - y-I-Xbpw Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n- . _pn-XXzw bn-cn-p-n-. AXp- t]mse Bm-hn\p t`mKhpw apnbpw
AXyw al-Xz-ap-X - p-X-s. AXp asmcp Imcyw. XXz- cp-h-kvXp-fpw \In-b-Xns Xmcyw C{n-b-
- -c-n CXn bmsXmcp t`Zhpw AwKo-I-cn- , a\-v, _pn Ch-sb-m-n-sbpw ta Bm-hn\v
hn-Nm-cm-hk
-s-Sp-n-. CXp IqSmsX aptm-p-h-cp-tm \ntcm-[-\- A[n-Im-c-ap-s-m-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXp kzbw Ahsb
ns (Hcp XXzs asmn eo\-am-p-tm) hni- \nb-{nv `K-hm-\n-tebvv B\-bn-p-p. Fm Cu
- -W-ap-m-Ip-tm Ahn-sSbpw _pn-bpsS \ntcm- Bm-hn-s\-m _e-h-mb asmcp XXzw IqSn-bp-v.
Zo-Ic
[\w al-mb Bm-hn tNp--Xn-\p-thn ]d-b- AXns \ma-amWv "Ahy- -X'. Nne amb-sbpw hnh-

N P
 56

I n-p-p. CXn-t\mSp Poh-k-ap-Zmbw taml-_- -cmbn hntij-n Fn-t-c-Ww. XZ-\-cw kzbw ap\n-- K
CXns he-bn Ipcp-p-p. CXns\ amn--f-bp-hm b-a-\p-k-cnp im-ambn B-cq-]-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-
Pohn-Ip km[n-p-n-. AXn-\m CXn-s\-m _e- -a-\n hneo-\- am-bn-o-cpw.
hm-\mbn AXns kzman-bm-bn-cn-p-Xp ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-am--kz-cq-]s hn-nv
]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Atlw _ew, {Inb, m\w BZn-
AXp-t]mse AXns\ {]m]n-p--Xp-sIm-p al-Xzhpw
bmb Fm in-I-fp-tSbpw An-am-h[ - nbpw {][m-\m-[m-
km[-\bpw \nt-in-p. C\n {ipXn a\p-jysc {im-ep--
chpw BWv. At- l- s- s icWw {]m]n- Ww. At-
fm-n-smv ]d-bpp
lw. Zbm-hm-\mbn Cu ambm-cq-]a - m-Ip adsb kzbw
henp amp-tm AtX Ww Xs `K-hXv {]m]vXn-bp- 14. Dn-jvTX Pm{KX {]m]y hcm-n-t_m-[X
m-Ipw. Fsm Atlw kZm k{X nX-\m- pcky [mcm \ninXm Zpc-Xybm Zpw
Ip-p. ]YkvX XvIhtbm hZ-n.
kw_w Cu Bibw Xs ASp a{- n Hp- Atbm a\p-jy-tc, \n P- P- m- -c- -fmbn
IqSn kv]jvS-am-p-p. Am\ \n{Z-bn ebn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ctm ]c-
12. Gj ktjp `qtXjp KqtVmm am- m-hns Ir]- bm \nv Cu Zp` a\p- jy-i-cocw
\ {]Im-itX e`n-n-cn-p-p. CXp e`n-X- p-sImv C\n Hcp \nanjw
t]mepw {]am-Z-n \jvS-s-Sp--cp-X.v AXn-thKw {im-
ZriytX Xz{Kybm _pym kqvabm
ep--fm-bn-o-cp-hn. t{ijvT-m-cmb alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS
kqva Zin`n:
kao]w sNv Ah- cpsS D]-tZiw hgn-bmbn X-fpsS awK-
Cu ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm- -a`Khm Fm-n-t bpw f-amhpw ]c-am-m-hns\ kw_-n-p cl-ky-fpw
A-cym-an-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw lrZ- {Kln-p-sIm-p-I. ]c-am--XXzw hfsc Kl-\a - m-Ipp;
b--fn hncm-Pn-p-sIm-p-an-cn-p-p. Fm kzw AXns kzcq-]-m-\w, X {]m]vXn-p amw Ch
ambm-a-d-bn Hfn-n-cn-p-Xp ImcWw Bpw At- alm-m--fpsS klm-bw-sImpw ]c-am--Ir-]-sIm-p-
ls Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-n-. bmsXm-cp- `K-hm- a-msX km[n-p--Xv, XovW-amb ITm-cb - psS [mc-
\n B{i-bnv Xs _pnsb XovW-am-p-pthm bnqSn \S-p--Xp-t]mse AXyw ZpkvX- c-am-Ip-p.
kqva-Zin-bmb Ah-\p-am{Xw `K-hXv Ir]-bm At- C{]-Imcw Zp-a-amb am--fnqSn kpK-a-ambn A-
ls Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p. c-bsv -p--Xn-\p kc-f-amb D]mbw kzbw A-sc-
sb-n--gn A\p-`-h - m-\n-I-fmb alm-m-p
kw_w hnth-I-io-e-cmb Bfp-I `K-h--cWcmbn
am{Xta ]d-p-X-cp-hm km[n--bp-q.
F{]-Imcw `K-hXv {]m]vXn-p-thn km[\ A\p-jvTn-
Ww CXp hnNm-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp kw_w {_ {]m]vXn-p amw C{Xbvp ZpkvX-
c-am-b-sX- -p-sImv? Cu Pnm-km-]qnv ]c-am
13. bt-ZzmMv a\ko {]m-
kzcq-]s hn-p-sImv AXns\ {Kln-p--Xp-sIm-
kvXZ- y-tPv m\ B\n
p ^es ]d-bp-p.
m\-am-\n alXn \nbt-
Zy-m B\n 15. Ai-_vZ-a-kv] i-a-cq-] -a-h ybw
XYm-ckw \nXy-a-K--h bXv
_pn-am-m BZy-am-bnv hmv apX-emb C{n-b-sf
_mly-hn-j-b--fn\npw ]nh-enp a\-nXs A\m-Zy-\w alX: ]cw {[phw
HXp--Ww. AXm-bXv AXns\ bmsXmcp I-fpw \nNm Xr-Xyp-ap-JmXv {]ap-Ny-tX.
sNp-hm Ign-hn-m Ah--bn-em--Ww. a\-n
Cu a{-n B ]c-{_-] - -c-am-m-hns\ {]mIr-X- i-
hnjbfpsS Apcw Dm-Im-Xn-cn--Ww. Cu km[\
_vZ, kv]i, cq], ck, K-c-ln-X- s\p ]d-p-sImv
icn-bmbn hcp-tm a\-ns\ m\-kz-cq-]-amb _pn-
kmwkm-c n-I -hnjbsf {Kln- p C{n-b -v
bn hneo-\-am--Ww. AXm-bXv GI-am-{Xhpw hnm-\-
AhnsS hsc Fp-hm Ign-bp-n-sp shfn-hm-p- p.
kz-cq-]hpw \n-bmXv aI-hp-am-b _pn-bpsS {]h-\-
Atlw \nXy\pw Ahn-\m-inbpw A\m-Znbpw koam-c-ln-
IqSmsX a\- ns `n- k amdp- n-. ap bmsXmcp
X\pw BIp-p. Pohm-m-hnepw t{ijvThpw k-Ym-k-
hn[-amb NnIpw CS-am-I-cp-Xv. ChnSw hsc ZrV-amb
Xyhpw BIp-p. At-ls Adn-np a\pjy \nXy-
A`ymkw sNbvXp-I-gn-bp-tm m\-kz-cq-]-amb _pn-
ambn P\-\-a-c-W--fn\np tamN\w t\Sp-p.
sbbpw Pohm-m-hns ip-amb kzcq-]-n hneo-\-am-
Ww; AXm-bXv Xn\npw `n-am-bn, GI-am-{X-amb kw_w D]-tZ-is ]qn-bm-n-bnv C\n Cu
B-X-Xz-an-msX ap bmsXmcp hkvXp-hnttbm kvarXn- BJym- \s {ihn-p-Xpw hn-p-Xpw sImp
bp-tStbm IWnI-t]mepw Ahtijn-m Ah-m- amlm- ys ]d-bpp
N P
 57

I 16. \mNn-tI-X-ap-]m-Jym\w arXyp-t{]mw k^-e-am-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah am-ambn \ho\ ip`- K

k\m-X\w I-sf A\p-jT v n-p-hm\pw km[n-p-p. a\p-jy
Dzm {ipXzm N ta[mho {_-temtI C{n-b- aqew kzmy-{]-Zhpw kp_p-n-Zm-b-Ihpw
alo-b-tX. hnip-hpw Bb hnj-b - sf kzoI-cn-np kpJ-amb
PohnXw \bn-p-sImp ]c-am-m-hn--tebvv Fn-t-
Cu Aym-b-n \Nn-tI-X-n\v ba-cm-P \Inb cp- -Xn-\p D]m-[n-bm-bnv C{n-b-sf \nn-n- cn-p- p.
D]- tZiw Hcp ]pXnb Imcy- sam- p-a-, CXp ]c--cm- K-X- amb AXn-\m kzbw-`q-hmb `K-hm C{n-b - -fpsS apJw
k\m-X-\-amb D]m-Jym-\-am-Ip-p. _pn-bp a\p-jy shfn-bn-te-mbn LSn-n-n-cn-p-p. Fm hnthI
CXns\ hnpw {ihnpw {_-tem-I-n {]XnjvT iq\y-X-bm A[n-I- am-fpIfpw Cmcyw {Kln-msX hnj-
t\Sp- p. bm-k - cpw D- -c p-a mbn B]mX ca-W o-b - -fmb
17. b Caw ]caw Kplyw {imh-tbZv ]cnWm-a--fn `K-hm-\n\npw AIv ZpxJ-tim-Ia - b
{_-kw-kZn \c-I--f n Fn- p- -h-bmb Aip- -h n-j bt`mK
{]bX: {im-Imte hm XZm-\-ymb Iev]-tX. fn Xs apgp-In--gn-bp-p. Ah A-cym-an-bmb
]c-am-m-hns t\v t\mp-n Xs. Npcpw Nne
XZm-\-ymb Iev]X CXn.
_pn-a m- m am{Xw kw-K w-s Impw kzmymbw
bmsXm-cp- hnip--\m-bnv {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu ]c- sImpw `K-hXv Ir]-bm Aip--hn-jbt`mKfpsS
a-c-l-ky-amb {]`m-j-Ws XXz-hn-th-N-\m-]qw `K-hXv ]cn-Wm-a-Zpx-J-sf Adnv Aar-X- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-
t{]an-Ifpw ip-lr-Zb- -cp-amb {_m-W-cpsS kZ-n hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p C-bm t{]cn-X- cmbn _mly
tIn-p-pthm AYhm {im-Im-e- -fn t`mP\w Ign- hnj-b-kpJfn\npw ]nn-cnv Ahsb `K-h-w-
p {_-Wsc tIn-p-pthm Ahs Cu h- _-n-bmb hnj-b--fn {]th-in-nv A-cm-m-hns\
\-cq-]-amb Iw A\--amb ^es {]Zm\w sNp-- A-cym-an-bm-b, ]c-am-am-m-hns\ Zin-p-p.
Xm-Ip-p. A\--am-Ip--Xn\p ka-hp-am-Ip-p. Hp-
2. ]cmN: Imam-\-\p-bn _mem
IqSn ]d-p-sImv Cu knm--ns \nn-X-Xzhpw
Aym-b-ns kam-]X v n-bpsS eyhpw Ipdn-p-p. kvtX artXymbn hnX-Xky ]miw
AY [ocm Aar-XXzw hnZnXzm
[vdph-a-[vdp-th-jznl \ {]m-b-t.
Aymbw 2.
bmsXm-cp- hnj-b--fpsS shn-n-f-epw B]m-
kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv Fm Pohn-I-fnepw X-cm-a-Wo-b-Ihpw Inv Ah-bn Bk--\mbn Ahsb
nXn-sN-p-p. Fm Hcp-pw ImW-s-Sp-n-. {]m]n-p- - Xn\pw t`mKn-p- -Xn\pw thn Zp- `hpw Aaq-
hfsc hnc- f - a m- b nt Bs- nepw kqva -_ p- n- ey-hp-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs \in-n-p-pthm Ah
bnqSn At-ls Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p-q. B AXyw _pn-lo-\-\m-Ip-p. \n-b-ambpw Ah k-
{_ Xs Xs lrZ-b-n nXn-sN-ptm Fm- Im- e- hym- ]n-bmb arXyp-hns ]mim _n--s- Sp-p.
hpw Xmm--fpsS _pn-bm-Ip t\{X- hgn ZoL-Imew hsc \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep tbm\n-I-fn
Fp-sImp ImWp-hm Ign-bp-n? Npcpw Nnev P\\w kzoI-cn-p- sImpw IqsS-qsS acn-p-sImpw Ccn-
Fp- sImp ImWp- hm Ign- bpp? As\ Hcp {]iv\w p- p. Fm _pn-am-m-cm-bn-p--h Cu hnj-b-s-
DZn-p-p. CXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bpp n Kl-\-ambn Cs\ Nnn-p-p. Cu C{n-b--fpsS
1. ]cmn Jm\n hyXr-WXv kzbw-`q t`mKsfmw PohnIp ap tbm\n-Iam{Xw km-Zn-
p-sIm-Sp-p- hmt\ ]cym- ]vX- am- I- bp-q. a\p-jy- i- cocw Fm-
kvXkvamXv ]cm-Mv]-iyXn \m-cm-
nepw hne-- W-am- W.v AXns hmkvX-hn- tIm-tiw hnj-
In-o-c x-{]-Xy-Km- m-\-ssa tbm- ]- t`m-K-n- \m- bn-sm- - . C{]- Imcw Nnn-nv CXns
Zmhr Npc-ar-XXz an. Dtiw Aar-X- kz-cq-]\pw \nXy-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Cu C{n-b - - hns\ {]m]n-p-I-bm-sWpw AXv Cu ico- c-ns
fpsS Fm qe-hn-jb - -fpw ]pd-ta-bp-h
- b- m-Ip-p. e`y-am-Ip-sapw D Imcyw Ah\p a\-n-em-Ip-tm
CXns bYm-amb Adn-hn-\p-th-n-bm-Ipp C{n-b- Ah k-tXm-`m-h-n At-l-n-tebvp Xncn-bp-
sf cNn-n-cn-p--Xv. Fp-sIm-s-m Ch-bpsS Ibpw sNp-p. ]ns Ah Cu hn\mi kz`mh-tm-
m\- an- msX a\p- jyv GsX- nepw hnj- b- ns cq]- Sp-Iq-Snb PK-n W-`w-Kp-c--fmb t`mKsf {]m]n-
ttbm KpW-ttbm Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n-. AXp- p--Xn-\p A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ncn-p-n-. Ah-
t]mse Xs Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw {Kln-p-Ibpw XyPn- bn \npw kYm hnc--\m-bnv AXyw {im-ep-
p-Ibpw sNbvXp. `K-hms C{n-b-\nm-tWm-t-is hmbn ]c-am-km-[-\-I-fn hym]r-X- \m-bn--gn-bp-p.

N P
 58

I 3. tb\ cq]w ckw Kw i_vZm Fn Ah\v ]noSv B aln-am- ab kzcq-]s Hcn- epw K
kv]imw ssaYp-\m ad-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. AXn-\m Ah Hcn-epw
GtX-ss\h hnPm-\mXn Ina{X ]cn-in-jy-tX. Btcbpw \nn-p-n-, BtcmSpw shdppw hntZz-jhpw
GXssZz XXv. {]I-Sn-n-p-n- . \Nn-tI- X-t, \o GsXmcp {_- s- n
tNmZn- n-cn-p-pthm AXv CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. AXn-s\- -
i_vZw, kv]iw, ckw, Kw apX-emb Fm hn[- s-bmWp Rm apI-fn hnp Ign-n-cn-p--Xv.
n-ep hnj-b--fn\npw kv{Xok-lh - m-k-n
\npw e`y-am-Ip kpJ-fpw a\p-jy\v GsXmcp ]c-a- kw_w {_lvaw XpS-n mh-c-]-cyw kI-e-Po-hn-
tZ-h-\n\npw e`y-am-bn-p m\-i-n-Zzmcm A\p-`- Ifpw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\m D--am-bn-cn-p-p.
h-ap-m-Ip-pthm At-l - m \I-s-n-p in- AXm-bXv Fs- m- aptm Ah- sbmw At-l-ns cq]-
sIm-p-Xs Ch-bpsS W-`w-Kp-c-XIsf a\-n-em-p- hn-ti-j--fm-Ip-p. At-l-n\npw `n-ambn Chn-
p. Cu kpJ--fn ChnsS Ahtijn-p-Xv Fv sS bmsXmpw Xsbn- . Fp-sIm-s - m Cu
Fv Nnn-m Ch-sbmw {]Xn-Ww amdn-sm-n-cn- kq PK-ns A`n-- \n-an-tm-]m-Zm-\- Im-cWw GI-
p-Xpw hn\mi kz`m- h- tm-Sp- Iq-Sn- bXpw BsWpw a\- am-{X-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs- bm-Ipp; Atlw GI-\m-bn-
n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Ch-sb-m-n- tbpw ]c-am-Im- s AJn-e-nepw IpSn-sIm-p-p. C\n Xw-_--
c-W-\mb GI-am{X ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c am{Xw \nXy-\m- ambn ]d-bpp
Ip-p. Atlw BZyw Dm-bn-cp-p, Ah-km\w Dm- 6. bx ]qw X]tkm PmX-aZv`y:
bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXn-\m Atbm \Nn-tI-X-t, ]qh-a- P m-b X
\nm tNmZn- - s {_- XXzw CXp- X-s- bm- Ipp; AXv
Kplmw {]hniy XnjvTw tbm
Fm-n-tbpw _mnbpw Fm-ntdbpw Ayhpw
`qtX-`nhy-]-iy-X. GXssZz XXv.
AJn- e- n-tbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw AJn-e-ntbpw ]ca
KXnbpw BIp-p. bmsXmp Pe-n \npw D]-e-n-X-amb ]-a-lm-
`q-X-pw apv lnc-Wy-K` {_m-hns cq]-n
4. kz]v\m-w-Pm-K-cn-Xmw tNm`u
{]Xy--am-bn-cp-pthm Atlw Xt-Xs k-ev]-cq-]-
tb\m-\ p- ]-i yXn
amb X]-n-\m {]I-S-am-Ip--h\pw AJn- eP - o-h-Pm-e--
almw hn`p-am-m\w aXzm [otcm fp-tSbpw lrZ-b-Kp-lIfn {]hn-jSv -\mbn Ah-tbm-Sp-IqSn
\ timN-Xn. kl-h-kn-p ]c-ta-iz-c-s\, bmsXm-cp- Atlw
GsXmcp ]c-am-m- hns kl- tbm-Kw- sImv Cu Pohm- Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b - -f nepw A[n-hk - n- p--h\pw
mhp kz]v\m-h--bnepw Pm{K-Z-h--bnepw kw`-hn- Fm-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bp-S-amb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs- bm-
p Fm kw`hfp-tSbpw A\p-`hw IqsS-qsS Ip-p-shpw Cu kq PKv At-l-ns aln-
{]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ch-sbmw Adn-bp--X n- a-bm {]Im-in-p-p-shpw {Kln-p-pthm Ah
\p in CXn\v GsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c-\n\npw bmYmy-s- s {Kln-p-p. AJn-e- lr-Z-b--fn
e`y-am-b n-c n- p- pthm bmsXm- ns Ir]-bm Cu A[n-h-kn-p--h-\mb kmm ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-
Pohnv AXns (]-c-am-m) hnm-\inbpsS Hcwiw -s-bmWp \o Adn-hm B{K-ln--Xv.
{]m]vX -a m-b n-c n- p- p-thm, Ah-b vs - m-a p- ] -c n-b mbn kw_w AtX ]c-{_- s C\n AZn-Xn-tZ-hn-bpsS
alpw kZm k{X hym]vXhpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c- cq]-n hn-pp
ta- iz-cs\ Adn-bp [oc-]pcpj Hcn- epw bmsXmcp Imc-
W-hi - mepw tei-am{Xw t]mepw timIw A\p-`-hn-p-n-. 7. bm {]mtW\ kw`-h-Xy-Zn-XntZ-h-Xm-abo
Kplmw {]hniy XnjvTow bm
5. b Caw a[zZw thZ Bm\w Poh-a-n-ImXv
`qtX-`nhy-Pm-b-X. GXssZz XXv.
Cuim\w `qX-`h
- yky \ XtXm hnPq-Kp-]vk-
k tZh-Xm-a-bn-bmb `K-hXn AZn-Xn-tZhn Ghpw
tX. GXssZz XXv.
BZyw B ]c-{_-- ns k-ev]-n\npw Fm PK-
bmsXmcp km[-I AJne Poh {]Zm-b-I\pw Pohn-I- n-tbpw Poh\ in-tbm-Sp-IqSn D-hnpw Fm Pohn-
fpsS ]c-a-Po-h\pw Ahsb kzw I-^ew A\p-`-hn- I-tfbpw _oP-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Xtm-Sp-tNpw {]Xy--
n-p--h\pw `qXw, h-am-\w, `mhn Fo PK-p-- am-bn-cp-p. lrZ-bq-c-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn {]hn-jvS-bmbn
fpsS GI-am{X `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz- Ahn- sS-s hkn-p B `K-h-Xn, `K-hms ANny
cs\ ""A-cym-an-bmbn \nc-cw Xs kao-]-nepw lrZ- alm-i- n, `K-hm-\n\npw kYm A`n--am-Ipp; `K-
b-nepw nXn-sN-pp Fp {Kln-p-p-thm, AXp- hm-sbpw Ah-fp-sSbpw in- bn bmsXmcp hyXym-k-
t]m-se-Xs Atlw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b - -fnepw hp-an-. `K-hm Xs in-cq-] - n Fm-h-cp-tSbpw
hkn-pp Fpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn A\p-am-\n-pp lrZ- b - - f n {]th- i n- n- c n- p- p. \Nn- t I- X - t ,
N P
 59

I GsXmns\-n \o Pnm-kp-hm-bn-cp-pthm AXp Xs 10. btZ-thl XZ-ap{X bZ-ap{X XZ-\znl K

B ]c-{_--am-Ip-p. artXym: k arXyp-am-]vt\mXn b Cl
AYhm P\-\o-cq-]-n kakvX tZh-It- fbpw krjvSn- \mt\h ]iy-Xn.
-Xp-I m-cWw Ah k-tZ-h-Xm-a -bn-bmbn; i_vZmZn bmsXmv k-i-n-am-\m-bn, km--cym-an-bm- bn,
kakvX t`mK kaq-l - sf `n-p--h-fm-bX
- p-sImv AJn- e - n-tbpw ]c-a-Im-c-W-\mbn nXn-sN-p ]c-
Ah-fpsS \maw AZnXn Fmbn. Ah lnc-Wy-K` cq]- {_-- ]p-cp-tjm--a ChnsS Cu ]rYznbn-s- bpv;
amb {]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn {]I-S- am-Ip-Ibpw kakvX `qX-{]m-Wn- AXp-Xs AhnsS ]c-tem-I-n-epw, AXm-bXv tZh-K-
I-tfmSp IqSn-s bmsXm-ns {]mZp`mhw Dm-Ip- mZn hn`n--tem-I --fn-epw, ImW-s-Sp-p. XYm
Ibpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs bmsXmv Fm `qX-{]m-Wn-I-fp- bmsXmv Ahn-sS-bptm AXp-Xs Chn- sS-bp-ap- v. Htc
tSbpw lrZ-bK - p-l-I-fn {]hn-jvS-bmbn AhnsS nXn- ]c-am-m-hp-Xs AJne {_m-WU v --fnepw hym]vX-\m-
sN-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B ]c-ta-iz-cs alm-in bn-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp- B Htc ]c-{_-s eoe-
hmkvX-h-n At-l-ns {]XoIw Xs-bm-Ip-p. bn\npw \m\m \ma--fnepw cq]--fnepw {]Im-in-p-
kzbw ]c-ta-iz-cXs Cu cq]- n Xs- s {]I- - Xp- Iv taml- hn- h-i-\mbn AXn \m\m- Xzs hn`m- h\w
S-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. \Nn-tI-X-t, \o Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-ln- sNp-p-sh-n Ah\p hopw arXyp-hn\v A[o-\-\m-tI-
p {_w CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. - Xmbn hcp-p. Ah kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw P-a-c-W-N{- I-
8. Ac-tWym\n-lntXm PmX-thZm K` n\npw tamN\w t\Sp-n-. AXm-bXv GI-\mb ]c-
Ch kp`rtXm K`n-Wo`n: {_--]-c-ta-iz-c Xs ANn-y-i-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn \m\m
cq]--fn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn\pw Cu {]]w apgp-h
Znth Znh CutUym PmKr-h-Zv`nl-hn-jva-Zv`n AIpw ]pdpw B Htc ]c-am-m-hn-\ms
a\p-tjy-`n-c-n:. GXssZz XXv. hym]vX-am-Ip--Xn-\p-ap Imc-Whpw At-l-ns kzcq-
K`n-Wn-bmb kv{Xobn\npw ip-amb A- ]m-\m- ]-hn-tijw Xs- sbv ZrV-Xm-]qw a\-n-em--Ww.
Zn-I kzoI-cnv ]cn-]p-jvS-\mb _me F{]-Imcw K`- 11. a\-ssk-th-Z-am-]vXhyw t\l
n Hfn-n- cn-p- pthm AtX- {]-Im- cw-Xs k-- \m\mkvXn InwN\
\mb An-`K - -hm Ac-Wn--SnIfpsS CS-bn Hfn-n- artXymx k arXypw KXn b Cl \mt\h
cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse An-hn-Zysb {Kln-n-p ]cn-{i- ]iy-X n.
an-Ifpw {im-ep-fpw Fm Ah- iy-km-a{Ko k--cp-amb
a\p-jy-K-W- {]Xn-Zn\w Bsc kvXpXn-p-Ibpw BZ-cn- ]c-am-m-hns ]c-a-XXzw ip-lr-Z-b -tm-Sp-IqSn
p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B An-tZ-h k--\mb s C{]-Imcw {Kln-p-hm Ignbp-p. Cu PK-n
]c-ta-iz- cs {]Xo-Iw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. \Nn-tI-Xt! \o GI-am{X ]c-am-m-hp-Xs ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. Fmw
tNmZn-X - mb kmm ]c-{_w CXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. At-l-ns cq]w-X-s-bm-Ip-p. ChnsS ]c-am-m-
hn\npw `n-ambn bmsXm-p-an-. bmsXm-cp-
9. bX-tm-tZXn kqtcymkvXw b{X N KXn ChnsS hn`n--Xsb Zin-pp Fn B a\p-jy
XwtZhm: kth An-Xm-kvXZp \mtXyXn arXyp-hn\npw arXyp-hn-s\-s {]m]n-pp; IqsS-
I\. GXssZz XXv. qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNt-- Xmbn hcp-p.
GsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw kqcy-tZ-h {]Xy-- 12. AwKp-jvT-am{X: ]pcptjm a[y
\m-Ip-Ibpw Fhn-sS-sv hne-b\w {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp- B\n XnjvTXn
pthm bmsXm-cp-s aln-a-bn \np-Xs kqcy-tZ- Cuimt\m `qX-`h - yky \ XtXm
hs DZ-bm- kvX- a- b-eo- eI \nb- a- ]qw \S- p-pthm B hnPp-Kp-]vk-tX. GXssZz XXv.
]c-{_--ns kq-tZ-h {]hn-jSv -\m-Ipp;
Fmw AXns nXn-sN-p-p. Bpw B A-cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c `qX h-am\ `mhn-Im-e-
km--Ihpw k-a-bhpw Fm-n-sbpw BZnbpw -en kw`-hn-p Fm Pohn-If - p-Sbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-
Ahpw B{i-b- m-\-hp- amb ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-a-tbbpw bm-Ip-p, kam-\-`m-h-m kZm k{X ]cn-]q-
hyh--tbbpw Dw-Ln-p-hm kmy-a-. k-tXm-`m- \m-Ip-p. Fn-cp-mepw lrZ-b - n At-l-ns
h-tm-Sp-IqSn Fmw Ftmgpw At-l-ns A[o-\- m\w alXztadn-b-sXp Icp-X-s-Sp-p. ]c-ta-iz-c
n At-l-n- s-X-s `c-W- n Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. bmsXmcp qe-kq-vam-Im-c-hn-ti-j-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-
Bpw Xs At-l-ns aln-asb IS- p- t]m- Ip- hm cn-p-n-. Fm nXn--\p-k-cW - -ambn Atlw
km[n-p-n-. \o tNmZn--Xmb kmm {_w B in- Fm BIm-c-pw AXo-X-\m- Ip-p. p{Z- - fmb Fdp-
am-\mb ]c-{_-] - p-cp-tjm--a-\m-Ip-p. p-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n AXns lrZ-bm-Im-c-ns ]cn-

N P

I Wm-a-n hncm-Pn-p-p. a\p-jy-lr-Zbw AwKp-jvT-]-cn-
Wm-a- n- ep- -Xm-Ip-p. a\p-jy ]c- am- m- hns\ {]m]n-p-
hm Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-s Icp-Xp-p. AXn-\m a\p-
jy- lr-Zbw ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz- cs D]-e-_[ v n- p m\-
ambn IW-m--s-Sp-p. AXn-\m ChnsS a\p-jy-cpsS
lrZ-b-]-cn-am-W-a-\p-k-cnv ]c-ta-iz-cs\ AwKp-jvS-am-{X-amb
Af- hn hn`m- h\w sNp- p. C{]-Imcw ]ctaizcs\ Xs
lrZ-b-n nXn- sN- p- -Xm-bn-m-Wp-- h, C{]-Imcw
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b - n Atlw hncm-Pn-pp
Fp kzm`m-hn-I-ambn [cn-p-p. Xm-cWw Ah
]noSv Btcbpw \nn-p-Ibpw shdp-p-Ibpw sNp-n-
. \Nn-tI-Xt! GsXm-n-s\-n \o tNmZn-pthm AXv
Cu ]c-{_--am-Ip-p.
13. AwKp-jvT-am{X: ]pcptjm
tPymXn-cn-hm[q aI:
Cuimt\m `qX-`h - yky k GhmZy k D iz:
GXssZz XXv.
a\p-jys lr-Z-b-Kp-l-bn nXn-sN-p Cu AwKp-
jvT-am{X ]pcp-j `qXw, `mhn, h-am\w CXp-Isf \nb-
{n- p kzX- {- ` -c -W m-[ n- I m- c n- b m- I p- p. Ctlw
tPymXna-b \pw BIp-p. kqcy-t\bpw An-tbbpw
t]mse DjvW-{]-Im- in-bm-bn-cn-p- p-an-. Fm Znhyhpw
im-hp-a mb {]Im-i-tm-Sp-IqSnbh-\m-Ip-p. euInI
tPymXn-p-I-fn [qa-cq]w tZmj-I-c-am-Ip-p. CXv [qa-c-
ln-Xhpw tZmj-cl - n-Xhpw kYm hnip--m-\-kz-cq-
]hpw BIp-p. ap tPymXn-p-I hf-cp-Ibpw Xf- cp-Ibpw
bYm-k-abw AW-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm CXv Cs-
- s\tbm AX-t]m-se \msfbpw nXn-sN-p- p. CXns
GI-c-kX \nXyhpw Ap--hp-am-Ip-p. CXv Hcn-epw
Ipd-bp-n-, Hcn-epw hf-cp-n-. Hcn-epw \in-p-n-
. \Nn-tI-Xt! Cu ]cn-h-\-c-ln-X\pw Ahn-\m-in-bp-
amb ]c-ta-iz-c-s\--n-s \o tNmZn-p-p.
14. btYm-ZIw ZptK hrjvSw ]-tXjp
hn[m-h Xn
Ghw [m ]rYIv ]iyw-kvXm-t\-hm-\p--
hn-[ m- h -Xn.
ag- shw Hp-am-{X- ta-bp-p. Fm AXv AXyp--
X--fmb ]-X--fnepw sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fnepw hjn-p-
tm AhnsS AXp Xn- \np- n- . AXn-thKw Xmgv- kw_w C\n B ]c- ta- iz-cs k- cq- ]s kv]jvSo-
`m-K--fn-tep HgpIn hn`n h--fnepw BIm-c-n- I-cn-p- p.
epw, K-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw \mep `mK--fn-tebvpw NnX-
dn-tm-Ip-p. CtX {]Im-cw-Xs Htc ]c-am-m-hn\npw
D-hn hn`n kz`m-h-- tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tZhm-kpc a\p-jym-
Zn-I ]c-am-m- hns\ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn`m-h\w sNbvXv
At-l-n\v D]m-k-\-Ifpw ]qPm-Zn-Ifpw sNbvXv Ahcpw
NnX-dn-tmb Pe-n\p Xpeyw hn`n tZhm-kp-cm-Zn-I-fpsS
temI--fnepw AXp-t]m-se-Xs \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep
tbm\n-I-fnepw Aep Xncn-tb--Xm-bn-h-cp-p. Ah\v
N P
60
{_-temIw {]m]n-p-hm km[y-a-. K
15. btYm-ZIw ipt ip-am-knw
XmZr-tKh `hXn
Ghw apt\hn-Pm-\X Bm `hXn KuX-a.
Fm ag-bpsS \n-e-Pew \n-e-am-bn-s
hjn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv AtX-Ww Xs ]hn-{X-
am- bn-o-cp-am-bn- cp-p. AXn bmsXmcp hnIm- c--fp-ap- m-
I-bn-, Hcn-S-tbvpw NnX-dn-tm-Ip-Ib- n-m-bn-cp-p. CXp-
t]m-se-Xs Atbm KuX-a-hw-io-b-\mb \Nn-tI-X-t,
Cu ImWp--sXmw ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs
Fp XXzw \mbn {Kln-p a\-\-io-e {]]--
ns _mly-c q-] - p-] -] -c - X -\ mb ]pcp-j - s ,
Bmhp ]c-{_--n ebnv AXn- t\m- Sp-IqSn XmZmyw
{]m]n-p-p.
1. ]pc-ta-Im-Z-i -Zzm-c-a-P-kym-h -{I-tN-Xk:
A\p-jvTmb \ timNXn hnap-
hnap-Ny-tX. GXssZz XXv.
a\pjyi-co-c- am-Ip \Kcw cp- I-p- I, cp sNhn-
I, cp \mkm-Zzm-c-, Hcp apJw, {_-c-{w, \m`n,
KpZw, iniv\w Fo ]Xn-s\mp hmXn-ep-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-
Xm-Ip-p. CXv k-hym-]nbpw Ahn-\m-inbpw AP-mhpw
\nXy-\pw, \nhn-Im-c-\pw, GI-c-k\ - pw, hnip m\-kz-
cq-]-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs \K-c-am-Ip-p. Atlw k-{X
ka- `m-h-\-tbm-Sp- IqSn Fmfpw ]cn-]q- \m-bn- cp-p- sImv
Xs cmP-[m-\n-bmb Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns lrZb
{]mkm-Z-tmsS cmPm-hn-\p-Xpeyw hnti-j-cq-]-n hncm-
Pn-p- sIm-n-cn- p-p. Cu cl-kys {Klnp Pohn-p
bmsXm- cp- `P-\-ka v -c- Wm- Zn-km-[-\-I A\p-jvTnp \K-
c-ns alm-[n-Im-cn-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \nc-cw Nnn-
pw [ym\npw Ign-bp-pthm Ah Hcn-epw timIw
A\p-`-hn-p-n; Ah timI-Im-c-W--fmb kwkm-c-
_\--fn\npw tamN\w t\Sn Poh- p--\m- Ip-Ibpw
ico-c-Xym-K-n\ptijw hntZ-l-bp--\mbn `hn-bpw
sNpp; ]c-am-m-hn hnebw {]m]nv P\-\-a-cW N{I-
n\npw Fs- t-p- ambn tamN\w t\Sp-p. \o Adn-
bp-hm thn tNmZn-Xv Cu k-hym-]-I-\mb ]c-{_-
-s--n-bm-Ip- p.
2. lwkx ipNn-jZv hkp-c--cn--k
tmXm thZn-j-Z-Xn-YnZp-tcm-Wk
- Xv
\rjZv hc-k-Zr-Xk
- Zv thyma-k-Z_vPm
tKmPm-EX
- Pm A{ZnPm EXw-_r-l-Xv.
{]mIrX KpW--Xo-Xhpw Znhy-hn-ip--hp-amb ]c-
a-[m-a-n hncm-Pn-p kzbw {]Im-in-bmb ]c-{_--
 61

I ]p-cp-tjm--a Xs A-co--n k-cn-p kw_w C\n Xmsg--d-bp cp a{--fn-embn ba- K

hkp Fp t]cp tZh-\m-Ipp; Atlw Xs AXn-
Yn-bpsS cq]-n Krl-s `h-\ - n BK-X-\m-
Ipp; Atlw Xs b-th-Zn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-
cn-p tPymXnab Anbpw AXp-t]mse Xs AXn
BlqXn \S-p tlmXmhpw BIp-p. Atlw Xs
Fm a\p-jy-cpsS cq]-nepw nXn-sN-p-p. a\p-jysc
At]-nv t{ijvT-m-cmb tZh-m-cp-tSbpw ]nXr--fp-
tSbpw cq]-n nXn-sN-p-Ibpw kXy-n A[n-jT v n-
X-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atlw Xs Pe-n
ay-ambpw iwJmbpw ipn-bmbpw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. ]rYzn-
b n h r - a m bp w A p - c - a m bp w A - a mb p w
Huj[nbmbpw bmZn k--fn \m\m-hn-[--
fn-ep-ap b ^e--fpsS cq]-nepw ]-X--fn
\Zn apX-em-b-h-bpsS cq]-nepw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. Atlw
Fm ho-W-nepw Fm-nepw t{ijvThpw alpw
]ca kXy-X-Xzhpw BIp-p.
cm-P \Nn-tI-X-n-\m tNmZn--s XXzs hopw
asmcp {]Im-c- n hn-m-sap {]Xn sNp- p.
5. \ {]mtW\ \m]m-t\\ atXym
PohXn I\
CX-tcW Xp Pohn bkvan-t-Xm-hp-]m-{in-Xu.
6. l X CZw {]h-yman Kplyw {_
k\m- X \w
bYm N acWw {]m]y Bm `hXn KuX-a.
ba-cm-P ]dp ""\Nn-tI-Xt Hcp Znhkw \n-
b-ambpw arXyp-ap-J-n Ft--h-cmb Cu a\p-jym-Zn-
Po-hm-I {]mW-tbpw A]m-\-tbpw in-sImp Pohn-
n-cn-p-n-. Chsb Pohn-n-p-Xv asmcp tNX-\m-X-Xz-
am-W.v Pohm-mhv AXm-Ip-p. Cu {]mW\pw A]m-\\pw
cpw B Pohm-m-hns\ B{i-bnp Ign-bp-p.''

3. Du[zw{]m-Wa - p--b -Xy-]m\w {]Xy-K-kyXn Pohm-m-hns\ IqSmsX Ahbvv Hcp Ww t]mepw

\ne-\np-hm Ign-bp-n-. Pohm-mhp IS-p-t]m-Ip-
at[y hma-\-am-ko\w hntiz tZhm D]m-kt- X.
tm Ch am{X-a Ch-tbm-sSmv Fm C{n-b-fpw
ico-c-n \nb-am-\p-kr-X-ambn A\-h-cXw {]mWm-]m- AXns\ A\p-k-cnp IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. C\n ac-Wm-\-cw
\m-Zn-I-fpsS {Inb \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cu PU-hk - Xv p- Cu Pohm-m-hn-s\-p-kw-`h - n-pp? AXv Ftm-p-t]m-
-fn ImW-s-Sp {Inbm-io-eX B ]c-am-m-hns Ip XYm F{]-Imcw hkn-pp Fpw Rm ]d-p-
inbpw t{]c-W-bpw-sImp kw`-hn-p-p. Atlw X-cmw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ]ca cl-kyhpw k-hym-]nbpw
Xs am\-h-lr-Z-b--fn cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw hncm-Pn-p- km-[m-chpw km-[n-]-Xnbpw Bb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-
sImv {]mWs\ apIfntebvpw A]m-\s\ Xmtgbvpw cs kzcq]w Fm-sWpw ]d-p-X-cmw.
Xnsm-n-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw Atlw ico-c - n- \p-
n kw`-hn-p Fm hym]m-c--tfbpw kpNm-cp-cq-]- 7. tbm\n-at\y {]]-Zyt ico-c-Xzmb tZln\x
n {Iao-I-cn-p-p. lrZ-b- n-X-\mb B ]c-a-`-P-\ob mWp-at\y\pkw-bn bYm-I
]c- {_-- ]p-cp-tjm--as\ Fm tZh-X- Ifpw D]m-kn-p-sIm- bYm-{ip-Xw.
n-cn-p-p. ico-c-n-X-amb {]mW, a\-,v _pn apX-
ba-cm-P ]d-bpp ""Ah-\-hs ip`m-ip-`-I-
emb Fm C{n-b--fp-tSbpw A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X-I B
- \p-k-cnpw imkv{Xw, Kpcp, kwKw, ]Tnv apX-em-
]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]km-Zn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah-bpsS t{]c-
b-h-bv-\p-k-c-Wa - mbn Ipw tIpw Dmb `mh--
W-b-\p-k-cnv \nXyhpw {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn ka-kvXI - m-cy--
fn\npw \nn-X-amb Ay-Ime hmk-\-b\ - p-k-cnp
tfbpw bYm-hn[n {Iao-I-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
ac-Wm-\-cw F{Xtbm Pohm-fmIs ap icocw [cn-
4. Aky hn{kw kam-\ky p--Xn-\p-thn hocy-tm-Sp-IqSn amXm-hns tbm\n-
ico-c-ky tZln\x bn {]th-in-p-p. Ch-cn BcpsS ]pWy-]m-] -
tZlm-Zzn-ap-Ny-am-\ky Ina{X ]cn-in-jy-tX. Xpey- a m- b n- c n- p-
pthm Ah a\p- jy- c p- t Sbpw Bp
GXssZz XXv. ]pWyw Ipd-hm- bn-cn-p- Ibpw ]m]w A[n-I-am- bn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm Ah ]n-ar-Km- Zn-I-fpsS icocw kzoI-cnp
Hcp ico-c-n\npw asm-n-te-b v p Ka-\-kz-`m-
P\n-p-Ibpw ]m]w AXy-[n-I-am-bp At\Iw t]
h-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tZln (Po-hm-m-hv) Cu h-am-\-i-cocw
mh-c-`m-h-tbpw (hr-w, eX, XrWw, ]-Xw apX-
hnp-t]m- Ip-tm AXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn C{n-b-fpw {]mW\pw
em-bh) {]m]np P\n-p-p.''
IS-p- t]m-Ip-p. Atm Cu arX-i-co-c-n Fhti
jn-pp? ImgvN-smpw Ahtijn-p--Xm-bn-m-W- kw_w ba-cm-P Pohm-m-hns KXnbpw ]c-am-m-
s-Sp-n- . Fm kZm kam-\-`m-h -tm-Sp-IqSn hns kzcq-]hpw Cu cp kwK-Xn-Ifpw ]d-bm-sap
k{X ]cn-]q-\m-bn-cn- p B ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c {]Xn sNbvXn-cp-p. CXn ac-Wm-\ - cw Pohm-m-
tNX-\-bnepw Pohn-X-nepw PU-nepw Fm-nepw hns KXn Fm-bn-o-cpp? AXp ]d-nv Imcy-
kZm hym]vX- \m-Ip-p, AXv Ah-ti-jn-p-p. \o Adn-b- ]d-bpp
W-sa-m-{K-ln-p ]c-{_w CXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.

N P
 62

I 8. b Gj kp]vtXjp PmKn Imaw Imaw {]-Im-c-n-ep B-cy-a-b--fmb in-bm k--am- K

]pcptjm \nn-amWx bn-cn-p-p.
XtZhip{Iw XZv {_ XtZ-hm-arXapNy-tX. kw_w Cu Imcyw Xs hmbp-hns\ ZrjvSm-o-I-cn-
Xkvanw-tmImx {inXmx kt XZp \mtXyXn p-sImp ]d-bpp
I-\. GXZv ssh XXv. 10. hmbpb-ssYtIm `ph\w {]hnjvtSm
Pohm-m-hnsd I--f-\p-k-cnv \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn- cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`qh
ep t`mK-sf \nn-p-- h\pw Ahsb bYm-tbmKyw GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
hyh sNp- -h-\p-amb Cu ]c-a-]p-cp-j] - -c-ta-iz-c
cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _ln
kakvX Pohn-Ifpw \n{Z-bn-em--Xn\p taepw {]f-b-Im-e-
n Fm-n-t-bpw, m\w ep]vX-am-bn-o-cp-tm) Htc hmbp-Xs Ahy--cq-]-n {_mWvUw apgp-
kz-amb aln-a-bn \nXyw Pm{K-m-bn-cn-p-p. At h hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw hnhn[ hkvXp
lw kzbw m\ kzcq-]-\m-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-s fpsS kwtbm-K- n\npw AtX hkvXp\p-cq-
m\w kZm GI-c-ka - m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Hcn-epw IqSp- ]-amb KXnbpw inbpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p. AtX-{]-Imcw
Itbm Ipd-bp-Itbm ep]vX-am-Ip-I tbm sNm-Xn-cn-p- Xs Pohn-I-fnse A-cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\m-bn-
pthm AXp-Xs ]c-a-ip--Zn-hy-X- Xzw BIpp; AXp- cp-npw AtX Pohn-Isf kw_- n-n-S-tmfw {]tXyIw
Xs ]c-{_--am-Ip-p. AXn-s\-s m\n-I-fmb {]tXy-I-amb inbpw KXnbpw {]I-S-am-p-p. Fm
alm-m- hgn-bmbn {]m]y-amb ]c-am-ar-X-kz-cq-]-]-c-am- A{Xsmp-a-, Ah-bvs-m-n\pw _mly-am-bnpw
\w Fp ]d-b-s-Spp. Cu kq-temIw AXns\ A\- hpw Ako-ahpw Akm-[m-c- W-hp-am-b-cq-] -n
B{i-bnp \ne-\np-p. AXn-\-sc Bpw Fp- nXn-sN-p-p.
hm Ign-bp--X Bpw AXns \nb-a-sf AXn- kw_w Cu a{- n kqcys ZrjvSmw sImp
{I-an-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fmw kZm GI-am-{X-amb ]c-am-m-hns \nte-]-Xsb ImWn-pp
AXns `c-W-n Iogn Ign-bp-Ibpw AXn-\-[o-\-am-
bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Bpw AXns aln-a-bpsS 11. kqtcym bYm kh-tem-Iky Np
A-c - -S - p-hm kmy-a- . GsXm- n-s \-n \o \ en]ytX Nmp-ssj_m-ly-tZmssjx
FtmSp tNmZn- pthm B {_- XXzw AXp-XsbmIp-p. GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
kw_w C\n An-bpsS ZrjvSm--m B ]c-{_- \ en]ytX temI-Zpx-tJ\ _mlyx
-]-c-ta-iz-cs hym]-I-X-tbbpw \nte-]-X-tbbpw hn-
Htc kqcyXs {_m-WU v s apgp-h {]Im-in-
p-p.
n-p-p. AXns {]Imiw Pohn-I-fpsS Ip-Ip
9. Anb-ssYtIm `ph\w {]hnjvtSm klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-p. B {]Im-i-ns klm-b-tm-Sp-
cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`qh IqSns BfpI \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep KpW-tZm-j-a-
b--fmb I- A\p-jT v n-p-p. Fm Ah-cpsS
GI-kvXYm k-`q-X m--c mm
t\{X- hgn sN-s-Sp hnhn-[-cq-] - n-ep I-
cq]w cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _ln-. tZm-j--fp-ambn kqcy Aev]w-t]mepw _-s-Sp-n-.
Htc An-Xs \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-n {_mWvUw apgp- C{]-Imcw Xs Fm-nepw A-cym-an-bmb hn-
h hym]n-n-cn-p-p. AXn\v bmsXmcp t`Z`mh--fp-an- p `K-hm ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a GI am{X-am-
. Fm kmIm-c-cq-]-n Pzen-ptm B[m-c-`q-X- Ip-p, At-l-ns in-bn\npw in-bp--am-
amb hkvXp-hn-s\-tmse BIm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn ImW-s-Sp- bnv a\-v, _pn, C{n-b - Ch hgn-bmbn a\p-jy
p. C{]-Imcw Xs kakvX {]mWn-I-fnepw \nd-p- \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap ip`m-ip-`-I- A\p-jT v n-p-
\np ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\-s{X. AJn-e-nepw ka-`m- p. AXp-t]mse AXp-I-fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb kpJ-Zpx-
h-n hym]n-n-cn-p-p. AXn bmsXmcp {]Im-c-n- Jm-Zn-I A\p-`h - n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm B ]c-ta-
ep- ap t`Z- `m-h-an-. Fn- cp- mepw Atlw `n-`n Pohn- iz- c Ah- c psS I--fnepw en]vX-am-Ip-n- . Fp- sIm-
I-fn AtX Pohn-I-\p-cq-]a - -fn s- m Atlw AJn- e-nepw hkn-p-p-s- nepw
- mbn \m\m-cq-]
{]Im-in-p-p. B[m-c-h-kX v p--\p-cq-]-ambn At-l- Fm-n\npw ths]pw kYm Akw-K-ambpw
ns alna {]I-S-am-Ip-p. hmkvX-h-n B ]c-ta-iz- \ne-sIm- p-p.
cs alna CsXm-p-a-. CXn-s\-m hf-sc-b-[nIw al- 12. GtIm hio k-`q-Xm cmm
-c-am- Ip-p, At-l-nsd A\-- amb in-bpsS Hcp
GIw cq]w _lp[m bx ItcmXn
IWn-I-sIm-p-am{Xw Cu kq {_mWvUw \m\m-

N P
 63

I Xam-w tb\p]-iyn [ocm B kz{]-Im-i-]-c-am-\--kz-cq] ]c-{_--]c

- -ta-iz-cs K
kvtXjmw kpJw imizXw t\X-tc-jmw. kao]w Cu kqcy {]Im-in-p-n-. kqcy {]Im-in-p-
tm anm-an- \p-ns {]Imiw Cm-Xm- bn-o- cp--Xp- t]m-
GsXmcp ]c-am-mhp kZm AJn-e-ntbpw A- se, kqcys tXPpw B Ako-a-tX-P-ns apn
cm-m-cq-]
- n nXn-sN-p-pthm bmsXmv AZzn-Xo- ep]vX -am-bn- o-cq- p. N{, \{X- , hnZypv
bhpw kYm kzX-{-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AJne PK- Chbpw AhnsS {]Im-in-p-n-. ]ns Cu An-bpsS
nepw tZh-a-\p-jymZn Fm-n-t\bpw kZm Xs \nb- Imcyw Fv? Fp- sIm- s- m {]mIr- X-P-K- n {]Im-
{- W-n shp-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm B k-i-In-Xm- i-kz-`m-ht- m-Sp-Iq-Snb XXz--sfmw Xs B ]c-{_
am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Xs Htc cq]s Xs eoe-bmbn ]c-ta-iz-cs {]Im-i-i-n-bpsS Awis {]m]n-np ]c-
\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-em-n-op- p. B ]c-am-m-hns\ ta-iz-cs {]Im-i-i-n-bpsS Awis {]m]n-n-p {]Im-
bmsXmcp m\n-bmb alm-]p-cp-j \nc-cw Xs in-p-p. Ahbvv X-fpsS {]Im-i-Is kao]w F{]-
Dn nXn-sN-p--Xm-bn-m-Wp-pthm Ah\p am{Xw Imcw {]Imiw ]c-p-hm Ignbpw? Cu ]q-{]-]w
kZm nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw k\m-X-\hpw Bb ]c-am-\w PK-Zm-m-hmb ]pcp-tjm- -as {]Imiw sImtm
e`n-p-p. asm-cp-pw e`n-p-n-. AYhm B {]Im-i-ns p{Z-amb Awiw-sImtm
13. \ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m-\m {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-pp Fp kmcw.
tatIm-_-lq\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam 1. Du[z-aqtemhmIvimJ Gtjmizx
Xam-w tb\]-iyn [ocm k\m-X \x
kvtXjmw imnx imizXo t\X-tc-jmw. XtZh ip{Iw XZv {_ XtZ-hm-ar-X-ap-Ny-tX.
bmsXmcp kakvX \nXy-ssN-X\yw Bm--fp-tSbpw Xkvanw-tmIm: {ioXm: kt XZp-\m-tXyXn
\nXy-tN- X-\- bmb Bm-hm-bn-cn-p- Ibpw bmsXmv kzbw I-\. GXssZz XXv.
GI-am-bn-s AJne Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw t`mK--fpsS bmsXm-ns aqe-`q-X-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a
AXm-Xns Im-\p-kr-X-ambn hn[m\w sNbvXp-sIm-n- Ghpw D]-cn-bm-Ip-pthm AXm-b-Xv, AXn-kq-v ahpw
cn-p- pthm kzw Dn \nh- kn-p B k in- k-i-n-am\pw BIp- p- thm, bmsXm- ns {][m- \- imJ
am-\mb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm- -as\ bmsXmcp alm-m-\n- {_mhpw Ahm--c-im-J-I tZh- I ]nXr-, a\p-jy,
]p- cp-j \nc- cw Zin-p- sIm-n- cn-p- pthm At- l- n-
]n-ar-Km-Zn-I Ch {Ia-{]-Imcw Xmsgbpw BIpp; C{]-
\p- am{Xw kZm nc-am- bn-cn-p k\m-X-\-amb ]c-a-imn Imcw Cu {_m-WvU-am-Ip Aiz--hrw A\m-Zn-
e`n-pp ampw e`n-p-n- . Imew apX \nXy-am-bn-cn-p-p. Nnetm {]I-S-ambpw
kw_w Pnm-kp-hmb \Nn-tI-Xv C{]-Imcw B Nne-tm A{]-I-S-ambpw Xs Imc-W-cq-]-amb ]c-{_--
]c-{_ {]m]vXn-bpsS B\-hpw imn-bpsS aln-abpw n \nXyhpw nXn-sN-pp; AXm-bXv k\m-X-\-am-Ip-
tInv Bcm Nnn-p-hm XpSn p. bmsXm v CXns aqe- I m- c - W - a m- I p- pthm
AXn\nv Ch-sbmw D-hn-p-p, AXp-sIm-p- Xs
14. XtZ-X-ZnXn a\yt \ntZiyw ]caw kpJw kpc-n-Xa- m-bn-cn-bpw AXn-tebvp Xs hne-bn-p-
IYw \p XZzn-Pm-\obmw Inap `mXn hn`mXn hm. Ibpw sNp- p, AXp- X s hnip Znhy-X - X zhpw
{_hpw BIp-p. AXn-s\-s Aa-c-Xz-sap ]d-bp-
B k\m-X-\-]-c-am-\-hpw ]c-a-im-nbpw {]m]n-n-p
p. AJn-e-temIfpw AXns\ B{i-bnp \nevp-p.
m\n-I-fmb alm-m Cs\ Icp- Xp-p. bmsXm-ns\
Bpw AXns\ AXn-ew-Ln-p-hm Ignbp-n-. \Nn-
hn- p- hm a\-n\pw hmn\pw Ign- bm- Xn- cn- p- pthm
tI- X-t, \o Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln {_-XXzw CXp-X-s-
B Aeu-In-Ihpw ktm-]-cn-bp-amb B\w \Ip-Xv
bm-Ip-p.
]c- {_ ]pcp-tjm--a-\m- Ip-p. B ]c- am-\ ]c-ta- iz-cs\
Rm A]- tcm cq]-n F{]-Imcw Adnbpw AXns 2. bZnZw Inw N PKXv kw {]mW
m\w GXp-co-Xn-bn kw`-hn-pp? GPXn \nxkrXw
kw_w \Nn-tI-X-ns B-cn-I-`mhw {Kln-nv ba- al-Zv`bw hPvda
- p-ZyXw b GX-Zzn-Zp-c-ar-Xm-ktv X,
cm-P ]dp `h-n.
15. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw C{n-bw, a\-v, _pn Ch-s Imp ImWp-I bpw
tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp--hb - mb kq-
t\am hnZyptXm `mn ItXmbanx
N-cm-N-c-P-K-smw Xs ]ca Imc-W-cq-]a - mb GsXmcp
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw ]pcp-tjm--a-\n \npw {]I-S-amtbm AtX {]mW-kz-cq-
Xky `mkm kh-anZw hn`m-Xn. ]- amb ]c-ta-iz-c- \n hym]-cn-p- sIm-n- cn-p-p. AXm-bXv

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 64

I CXns tNj-Sv -I-fpsS B[m-chpw \nb-{-I\pw B ]c-ta- 5. bYmZti XYm \n bYm K

iz-cX-s- bm-Ip-p. B ]c-ta-iz-c ]c-a-Z-bm-ep-hm-bn-cn- kz]vt\ XYm ]nXr-temtI
p--Xp-t]m-se-X s AXyw `b-kz-cq-]\ - p-am-Ip-p. bYm]vkp ]coh ZZrti XYm K-temtI
sNdpXpw hepXpw Fmw At-ls `b-s-Sp-p. At-
Ombm-X]
- -tbm-cnh {_-tem-tI.
lw, Dbn-n-Sn-n-cn-p h{Pm-bp-[-n-\p-Xp-ey-hp-am-Ip-
p. Ic-- fn h{Pm- bp[w Dbn-n-Snp \np {]`p- F{]-Imcw If--c-ln-X-amb Z-W - n AXns
hn-s\-v Fm tkh-Icpw \nc-cw Bm ]me-\- apn hp-\np hkvXp Z-W-t-m hne--
n Xev]-c-cm-bn-cn-p--X p-t]mse ka-kX v -tZ-h- mcpw Whpw kv]jvS-hp-ambn ImW-s-Sp-pthm AtX-{]-Im-cw-
kZm ka-b hpw \nb-am-\p-k-c Ww Cu ]c-ta-i z-cs Xs PvRm\n-I-fm-b-hc - psS Ax-Ic - -W-n B ]c-ta-
Bm-]m-e\ - -n hy{K-X-tbm-S p-IqSn hn- p-p. iz-c AXn-s\m hne--Whpw kv]jvS-hp-ambn ImW-
bmsXm-cp- Cu ]c-{_- s Adn- bp-pthm XXz-m- s-Sp-p. F{]- Imcw kz]v\-n hkvXp-k-aqlw bY-
\n-bmb B ]pcp-j Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; P\\ ac-W-- cq-]-n ImW-s-SmsX kz]v\-{Z-jvSm-hmb a\p-jys
fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p. hmk-\bpw kwkvIm-c-hp-a-\p-k-c nv Fhn-sStbm D
hkvXp Fhn-sStbm hnirwJ-e-cq-] - n Akv]jvSambn
3. `bm-Z-kym-n-kvX-]Xn `bmXv X]Xn kqcyx
ImW-s-Sp-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs ]nXr-tem-I-n ]c-
`bm-Zn-{ hmbp arXyp[m-hXn ]ax ta-iz-cs kzcq]w bYm-hXv kv]jvS-ambn ImW-s-SmsX
Fm-n-t\bpw `cnpw AJn-e-tbpw \nb-{npw Akv]-jvS-a m-bn-s ImWp- p. Fp-sIm-s-m
\nb-am-\p-k-cWw Nen-n-pw-sIm-n-cn-p Cu ]c-ta-iz- ]nXr-temIw {]m]n-n-p Pohn-Iv ]q-P--nse
c-t\m-Sp `bw ImcWw An X]n- p- p. AtX `b- m kvarXn-Ifpw Ahn-sS-bp _p--fpsS ]q-hX - vm-
kqcy X]n-p-p. AtX `b-ms C{\pw \hpw D-Xp-Im-cWw Ah XZ-\p-k-c-Wa - mb hmk-\-I-
hmbphpw ]ar-Xyp-fpw sh-tem-Sp-IqSn ]mp-\-Sv fn B_--cmbngn-bp-p. K-temIw ]nXr-tem-I-
ag s]n-p-I, Pohn-Ip {]mW-in \Ip-I, Pohn- s-m Ipdp t{ijvT- am-Ip-p. Pe-n- \p-n t\mn-
I- fpsS ico-c-sf \in-n- pI XpSn Ah-c-h-cpsS tPmen- bm {]Xn-_nw_w icnp ImWp-nsnepw GXmv
I {im-]qw sNbvXp-s Im-n-cn- p-p. Npcpw icn-bmb cq]-n ImW-s-Sp-p. Fm Pe-ns
Fs- m, Cu {]]--n ssZh-I aqe-ambn \nb- Hmf- ImcWw Cf- In-sm- n-cn-p {]Xo-Xn- bp- m-p-
anX cq]-n \S--s-p-sIm-n-cn-p Fm Imcy- p, kv]jvS-ambn ImW-s-Sp-n-. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv
fpw k-i-n-k--\pw AJn-e - ntbpw \nb-m- kz]v\s At]-nv Pm{K-Z-h--bpsS nXnbpw
hp-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs AtamL imk-\-m kw`hn-p- A-s\- Xs K-tem-I-nepw t`mK-e-l-cn-bn Ae-
sIm- n-cn-p- p. b- Sn-p lrZ-b-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb Ahn-Sps \nhm- kn- Iv
`K-hms Zi\w kv]jvS-ambn e`np-n-. Fm
4. Cl tNZ-iI - Zv t_myw {]mIv {_-tem-I-n Pohn-p--hv \ngepw shbn-epw-
ico-cky hn{kkx t]mse kz-ambpw B ]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-c-s\--n-bp
XX: ktKjp temtIjp ico-c-Xzmb Iev]-tX. m\w {]Xy--ambpw kpkv]-jvS-ambpw e`n-p-p.
k-i-n-am\pw AJn- entbpw t{]c-I-i- nbpw AhnsS bmsXmcp hn[-amb {`ahpw \ne-\np-n-. {]Y-
AJn-e-tbpw `cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h\pamb ]c-ta-iz- am-ym-b-ns aqmw `mK-n BZy-a-{- n ]d-b-
cs\ GsX-nepw km[-I Cu Zp`a\pjy-i- co-c-ns s-n-cn-pp Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw Hcp temI-am-Ip-p,
\miw kw`-hn- p-- Xn\p apm-bn-s Adn-b- Ww. AXm- CXn ]c-{_-hpw Pohm-mhpw shbnepw \ng-epw-t]mse
bXv Cu ico-c-n `P-\-ka v -c-Wm-Zn-km-[-\-I A\pjvTn lrZ-b- cq-]n-bmb Kpl-bn hkn-p-p. AXm-bXv a\p-jy
p--Xn-\p in Ftmhsc \ne-\n-evp-I bpw ap temIsf A`nejnmsX Cu a\p-jy-i-cocw \ne-
Ftm hsc acWw `hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm \nptms ]c-{_--] -c- ta-i z-c -s\-- n-b p
AXn\p apmbn {i-tbmsS {]b-Xv\np ]c-am-m-X-Xz- m\w km-Zn--Ww.
m\w t\tS--Xm-Ipp; Atm am{Xta Ahs 6. C{n-bmWmw ]rY-Kv`m-h-ap-Z-bm-kvXa - bu
PohnXw k^-e-am-Ip-p-q. A\m-Zn-Imew apX P\-\a - - N bXv
cW {]hm-l-n ]Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu PohnXw ]rY-Kp-Xv]-Zy-am-\m\mw aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.
AXp-sImp tamN\w t\Sp-p. As-n ]noSv AXpw-
sImv At\Iw Iev]w hsc hn`n temIfnepw tbm\n- i_vZ kv]imZn hnj-b--fpsS A\p-`-h-kz-cq-]-ambn
I-fnepw \nv icocw kzoI-cn-t--Xn\p _my--am-bn- {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-amb Imcy-p-thn `n-`n cq]-
o-cp-p. AXn-\m a\p-jy ac- W-n\p hfsc apm- -fn Dev] - -am-bn-cn-p C{n-b - -fp-sS, bmsXmv
bn-s ]c-am-m-hns\ Xncn--dn-b-Ww. {]tXyIw {]tXyIw `mh- - tfm- Sp- I q- S n- b -Xm-bncnpp-thm,

N P
 65

I AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Z-h--bn {]h\ ioe-tm-Sp-Iq- Znhy-cq-]s bmsXmcp a\p-jy\pw {]mIrX N-N-p- K

v n-Im-e-n eb-ambnocp- p-IsImp Zin-p-hm km[y-a-. bmsXmcp `mKy-
Sn-b-Xm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw kpjp-]X
Ibpw sNp cq]w AXns ]cn-h-\-kz-`m-h-am-Ip- hm-\mb km[-I \nc-cw t{]a-`-cn-X-amb a\-tm-Sp-IqSn
p. Ch-sb--n-sbmw Nnn-n-v, _pn-am-m-cm-b-h Cu At-ls Nnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ahs lrZ-b-
clkyw AXm-bXv Cu C{n-b- a\-,v _pn AYhm n `K-hms B Znhy- kz- cq]w kw_- np [ym\w {]Km-
Ch-bpsS kwLm-X-cq-]a - mb icocw Rmt\m BIp-n; V-am-bn-o-cp-tm B kabw km[-Is lrZbw `K-
Rm Ch-sb-m kYm hne--Whpw \nXy-ssN-X- hms [ym\- P-\n- X-amb kzcq-]- n \n- e-am- bn- ocpp.
\yhpw ktm-]cn hnip-hpw GI-c-khpw BIpp C-s\-bp \n-e-lr-Z-b-tm-Sp-IqSns B km[-
Fp a\-n-em-p-tm Ah bmsXm-cp-hn-[-n- ep I hnip _pn-cq-]- amb t\{X- hgn ]c-am-m-hns
timIw A\p-`-hn-p-n-. Fs-t-p-ambn ZpxJ-tim-Im- B Znhy-kz-cq-]-ns Zi\w t\Sp-p. bmsXm-cp-
Zn-I-fn\npw ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-pthm Ah Aa-c-\m-bn-o-
cpp; ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w ASp cp a{- -fn-embn XXz-Nn-- I
hn-p-p. kw_w tbmK-[m-c-W-amw a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b--
tfbpw \nb-{nv ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ap
7. C{n-tb`y: ]cw at\m a\k: kz-ap-aw
km[\ hnh-cn-pp
kzm-Z[n alm-\mm altXmhy-ap--aw.
10. bZm ]m-h-Xn-jvTt m\m\n
C{n-b--fn a\v t{ijvT- am-Ip-p. a\-ns\m a\km kl
_pn D-a- am-Ip-p. _pn- tb-m AXns kzman-bmb
_pn \ hntN-jvSXn Xmam-lp:]-camw KXnw.
Pohm- mhv Db- Xm- Ipp; Fp-sIm-s- m Ah-sb-
m-n-tbpw ta CXn-\ -[ n-Im-c -a p- v. Ah-sbmw tbmKm-`ymkw sNbvXp-sNbvXv Ftm a\-tm-Sp-IqSn
CXns Bm-]m-e-I-cmWv; CXv Ah-bpsS `cWm[n-Im- ]t-{n-b- \-Xp-t]mse nc-am-Iptm _pn
cn-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ah-tb-m Pohm-mhv AXyw GI\mb ]c-am-m-hn ]c-am-m-hn-s\-b-msX asm-n-
hne--W-am-Ip-p. Cu Pohm-m-hnepw CXns Ahy-(- tbpw teiw-t]mepw m\-ap-m-Im--co-Xn-bn nc-
Im-c-Ww) icocw {]_-e-am-W.v bmsXmv CXns\ _n-n- am-bn-o-cptm B Ah-sb tbmKn-I ]c-a-KXn
n-cn-p-pthm AXp `K-hms B {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Awi-am- tbmK-ns ktm--a-KXn Fp ]d-bp-p.
Ip-p.
11. Xmw tbmK-anXn a\yt ncm-
8. Ahy-mp ]cx ]pcptjm hym]tIm an- {n-b -[m-c Wmw
enwK GhN A{]-a--kvXZm `hXn tbmtKm ln
bw mXzm-ap-tNytX Pp-c-ar-XXzw N K-Xn. {]`- hm-]y- bu.
Cu {]Ir-Xn-sb-m AXn-s-kzm-an-bmb ]c-a-]p-cpj C{n-bw, a\-v, _pn Ch-bpsS \n-em-h--bpsS
]c-am-mhv t{ijvT-\m-Ip-p. Atlw \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-n \maw tbmKw Fm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw A\p-`- h- m-\-ap
k{X hym]n-n-cn- p- p. (KoX 94) Cu Pohm- mhv {]Ir- tbmKnsb alm-\p-`m-h-\mbn Icp-Xp-p. Fp-sIm-s-
Xn-bpsS _-\ - -fn\npw kYm ap-am-hp-Ibpw m B kabw km[- I hnj-b-Zi\ cq]- - fmb Fm
Aar-X-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-\-s t\Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. {]am-Z--fn \npw cln-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm Cu
AXp-sImv a\p-j y Cu {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _- \ - - tbmKw DZ-bhpw AkvX-a-bhpw t]mse-bm-Ip-p. AXp-Im-
fn\npw apn-t\-Sp--Xn-\p-thn CXns kzman-bmb cWw ]c-am-m- hns\ {]m]n- - W- sav A`n- e- jn- p Cm-
]c- {_ ]pcp- tjm- - as\ icWw {]m]n- Ww ]c- am-mhv ep--fmb km[-I \nc-cw tbmK-bp--cm-bn-cn-p--Xn-
Cu Pohn-I-fn Icp-W-tXmn ambm-a-dsb henp amp- \p ZrVm-`ymkw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn--Ww.
tm At-l - ns Zi\w Chbvp kn-am-Ip-p.
12. ss\h hmNm \ a\km {]m]vXpw itIym
As-n Cu aqV-m, kZm X-tfm-sSmp hkn-
\ Npjm
n-cp-npw B ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-s Xncn--dn-bp-n-.
AkvXoXn {_phtXm\y{X IYw XZp-]-e-`y-tX.
9. \ kwZrti XnjvTXn cq-]-aky \
Npjm ]iy Xn I-ss\\w B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ hmWn apX-emb It-
{n-b-sImpw Npv BZn-bmb mt\-{n-b-
lrZm a\ojm a\-km`n p]vtXm b
sImpw a\- v, _pn BZn-b mb Ax-I-c -W -
GXZvhn Zpc-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
sImpw {]m]n- p- hm km[n-p- n- . Fp- sIm- s-
Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs Znhy-kz-cq]w {]Xy--hn- m AXv Ch-bs v mw Fm-hp-n-S-p-\npw hfsc
j-b-cq-]-n \psS apn hcp-n-, ]c-am-m-hns Zqsc nXn-sN-p-p. Fm At-ls {]m]n-p--

N P

I Xn\p Xo{h-ambn Cn-p--h\v At-ls {]m]n-p-hm
km[n-p-p. Cu kwKXn bmsXm-cp- ]d-bp-n-tbm
kzoI-cn-p-n-tbm AXm-bXv CXp-kw-_-nv bmsXm-cp-
\v ZrV-amb hnizmkw DmIpntbm Ah\v At-
ls Fs\ {]m]n- p-hm Ignbpw? AXn-\m ]q
a{-n ]d-n-p coXn-b-\p-k-cnv C{nbw a\v ep kakvX Am\ {Kn-Ifpw \-Xp-t]mse Ap-
apX- embn Fmw tbmKm- `ymkw apJm- ncw XS-nv ""AXym-
hiyhpw km[-I\p e`yhpw BIpp'' Fp ZrV-\n-
-b-tm-Sp-IqSn \nc-cw AXns {]m]vXn-p-thn ]c-
a-amb D-WvTt- bm-Sp-IqSn {]b-Xv\-io-e-cm-bn-cn--Ww.
13. AkvXo-tXy-thm-]-e_v[ hykvXz
`mth\ tNm`tbm:
AkvXo-tXy-thm-]-e-_v[ky XXz-`mh: {]ko-Z-Xn.
""]c-ta-iz-c Bh-iyhpw Atlw km[-I\p \n-b-
ambpw e`yhpw BIpp'' F Imcy-t--n-bp ZrV-
hn-izmkw km[-I\v Ftmgpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww. ]noSv
CtX \n-b-tm-Sp-IqSns At-ls kzoI-cn-p-
Ibpw XZ-\-cw XmXznI hnth-N-\m-]qw \nc-cw At-
ls [ym\n-p-Ibpw sNbvXnv B ]cm-i-nsb {]m]n-
mw. ""Atlw Bh-iy-am-Wpw Xs Xs lrZ-b-
n hncm-Pn-pp Fpw AXns {]m]vXn Bhiyam-
Ipp'' Fpw Ftm km[-I hnizm-k- tm- Sp- IqSn `K-
hms\ kzoI-cn-p-pthm Atm ]c-am-m-hns B
XmXznI Znhy-kz-cq]w Ahs hnip lrZ-b-n kzb-
ambn {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw `K-hms {]Xyw A\p-`-h-am-Ip-
Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w C\n \njvma`mh-ns aln-a-sb-n ]d-
bpp
14. bZm kt {]apNyt Imam tbky
lrZn-{inXm:
AY atXymartXm `h-Xy{X {_
ka-iv\p-tX.
a\p-jys lrZbw \nXyhpw \nc-- chpw \m\m-{]-Im-c-
-fn-ep-ap sFln-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-Ihpw Bb A`n-em-
j-sImp \nd-b-s-n-cn-p-p, Cu ImcWw sImv
Cu ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ F{]-Imcw {]m]n-
p-hm km[npw Fv Ah Hcn-epw Nnn-p-n- iz-c lrZ-b - n-\-\p-cq-]-ambn AwKpjvSam-{X-cq-]-n
. Imay-hn-j-b--fpsS Bk-n-bm Ah ]c-am-m-
hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v A`nejnp-p-an-. Cu Fm A`n-
emjfpw km[-Is lrZ-b-n \npw kaqew \in-
p-t]m-Ip-tm Ah Aa-c-\mbnocp-Ibpw Cu a\p-
jy- i- co- c-ns B ]c- {_ ]c- ta- iz- cs kmm B ]c- ta-iz-cs\ Cu ico- c-tm- sSmp Xs kzb- ambpw
A\p-`hw \-Xp-t]mse kwPm-X- am-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w kwib cln-X-amb ZrV- \n--b-ns aln-
asb ]d-bpp
N P
66
15. bZm kth {]`n-Zyt K
lrZ-b-tkyl {Kb:
AY atXymartXm `h-tXy-Xm-h-y\p
imk-\w.
km[-Is lrZ-b-n-ep Al-bpw aa-Xm-cq-]-n-
t]m-Ip-Ibpw Ahs Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap kwi- b-
kYm \in-p-Ibpw D]-cyp--amb D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnv
""]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Bh-iy-amWv; At-ls \n-b-
ambpw e_npw'' Fp ZrV-\n--bhpw Ah-\p-m-
Ip-tm Ah Cu ico-c-n Pohn-p-sIm-p-Xs
]c-ta-iz-cs\ kmm-XvI-cnv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. thZm-
- ns k\m-X-t\m-]-tZiw CXp am{X-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n ac-Wm-\--c-ap Pohm-m-hns KXn
hn--s-Sp- p.
16. iXw ssNIm N lrZ-bky \mUy-kvXmkmw
aq[m\ a`n\n: krssXIm
Xtbm[z-am-b--ar-X-Xz-taXn hnjz-\ym
DXv{I-atW `h-n.
lrZ-b-n \qn-sbmp {][m\ \mUnI Dv. Ah
Ahn-sS-\npw Fm `mK-tbvpw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p.
AXn kpjp-a v\-s b- p-] -d-b p Hcp \mUn lrZ-b -
n\npw akvX-I-n-te-bvp t]mbn-cn-p-p. `K-
hms ]c-a-[m-a-n-tebvp t]mtI Ah-Imin B
\mUn-b nqSn ico- c - n\npw shfn- b nhv
Ghpw Db temI- n `K-h ms ]c-a-[ m-a -
nsNv Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-am-\--a-b-\p-amb ]c-ta-
iz-cs\ {]m]n- p- p. ap Pohn- I ac- W- Im- ev ap \mUn-
I-fnqSn ico-c - n \npw shfn-bnhv Ah-c-h-
cpsS I-pw hmk-\-Ipw A\p-k-cW - -ambn
\m\m-tbm-\n-Isf {]m]n-p-p.
17. BwKp-jvT-am-{X:-]p-cptjmcmm
kZm P\m\mw lrZtb kn-hnjvSx
Xw kzm-co-cm-Xv{]-hr-tl-p-RvP m-Zn-th-joImw
ss[tcyW Xw hnZyp-p-{I-a-arXw
hnZym- p-{I-a-ar-X -an-Xn.
AJn- e-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]ca ]pcpj ]c-ta-
kZm Fm a\p- jy-cp- tSbpw Dn \nh- kn-p- p, Fnepw
a\p-jy At-l -ns t\tc t\mp-p-t]m-ep-an-.
bmsXm-cp- {]am-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn At-ls {]m]n-p--
Xn-\p km[-\-bn apgp-Ip-pthm Ah ico-c--\mb
AXp-t]m-se-Xs {]tXy-I-ambpw hne-- W-ambpw km[m-
cW Bfp-I ap- p- n\npw AXns \mcns\ {]tXy-
I-am-bn-m-Wp--Xp-t]mse ImWp-Ibpw thWw. AXm-bXv
 67

I F{]-Imcw ap-p-n-ep \mcv ap-p-n-t\-m hne- hn[n-Ifpw {]m]n-nv P\-\a- -c-W--fn\np ap\pw K
- Whpw {]tXy-I-X -bp-X - p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX Fm hnIm- c--fn\np cln-X\pw AXp-t]mse kYm
{]Imcw Xs B ico-c-hpw. Bm-hns Dn A[n-h- hnip--\p-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p. am-sc-
kn-p ]c-ta-iz-c B cn-t\-mfpw kYm Akm- nepw Cu Bym-nI hnZysb Cu hn[-n \Nn-tI-
[m-c- W-am-Ip- p. AXp- Xs hnip Aar-X-a-Ip-p. ChnsS X- n\p Xpeyw icn-p-icn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw {im-]qw
Cu hmIys ]p\- cm- hn-p- Xv D]- tZ-i-ns kam- AXns\ [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah\pw \Nn-tI-X-n-
]vX n-tbbpw AXp-t ]mse knm- -ns \nn-X- Xz- t\-tmse Fm hnIm-c--fn\npw cln-X\pw P\-\a - -c-
tbpw kqNn-n-p-p. W--fn\np ap-\p-am-bnv ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-p.
18. arXyp-t{]mmw \Nn-tItXmY e_v[zm
hnZym-taXmw tbmK-hn[nw N Ir\w imn- ] mTw
{_ {]m]vtXm hnctPm`qZzn-ar-Xyp Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `q\-p. kl
ct\ymt]y hw tbm hnZ-[ym--ta-h. hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZznjm hssl. imnx imx imnx
C{]-Imcw ba-cm-P-\m D]-Zn-jSv -amb kakvX hnth-N-
\--tfbpw {im-]qmw tI-Xn-\p-tijw \Nn-tI-Xv CXns Aw D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n sImSp-
At-l-m ]d-b-s kq-hn-Zybpw tbmK-ns n- p- v.

1 tIt\m-]-\n-jv 3

Cu D]-\n-jv kma-th-Z-nse ""Xe-h-Imc {_m Hmw imnx imnx imnx

W''ns Hcp `mK-am-Ip-p. Xe-h-Im-cs ssPan-\o-tbm-
tl ]c-am-m-th, Fs Fm AwK-fpw hmWn,
]-\n-jv Fp-IqSn ]d-bm-dp-v. Cu D]-\n-jv BZyw
t\{Xw, t{im{Xw apX-e mb Fm It-{n-b - fpw
""tI\'' F hmp-sImv Bcw-`n-p--Xn-\m CXn\v
mt\-{n-b-fpw {]mW-k-aq-lhpw imco-cn-Ihpw am\-
tIt\m-]-\n-jv Fp t]mcp-h-p. CXns\ Xe-h-Im-tcm-
kn-I-hp-amb in-Ifpw HmPpw Fm ]pjvSnbpw AXp-
]-\n-jv ({_m--tWm-]-\n-j-v) Fp IqSn Nne hnfn-
t]mse hrnbpw {]m]n--s. D]-\n-j-p--fn hn-
p-p.
-s- n- cn-p k- cq-]-{_-s Rm Hcn- epw kzoI-
tIt\m- ]- \n-j-n {_- X- Xz- s-n {]Xn-]m- Zn-pp. cn-m-Xn-cn--bn-. AXp-t]mse B {_hpw Fs Hcn-
Cu XXzw hni-Z-am-p--Xn\v Kpcp-injy kwhm-Z-cq-]-n epw ]cn-Xy-Pn-m-Xn-cn--s. Fs kZm-Im-ehpw kz-
XXz-sf hnh-cn-p-p. am-n-o-s. Ftm-Sp-IqSn {_-n-tbpw {_-
tm-Sp-IqSn Ftbpw \nXy-k-w \ne-\n-s. D]-
imn- ] mTw
\n-j-p--fn GtXXp [--sf-n {]Xn-]m-Z\w sN-
Hmw A]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW--px- s-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-sbmw D]-\n-j - ns GI-am{X
t{im-{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn; khw ey-amb ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hn \nc-cw hym]r-X-ambn
{_u-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw am am Fttm-ep km[-I - m-cn kZm-Im-ehpw {]Iminp-
{_ \ncm-I-tcm-Xv, A\n-cm-I-c-Wa - -kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw sIm-n-cn-s; Fn \nXyhpw \nc--chpw Dm-bn-
takvXp; XZm\ n \nctX b D ]- \ n- j p sm-n-cn--s. Fs {Xnhn-[-Xm-]-pw imn- bp-m-
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp. I-s.

N P
 68

I {]Y-a-JWvUw Aeu-InI Znhy XXz--fn-tebvv Ah-bpsS {]th-i\w K

Hcp Imepw kw`-hy-a-. ]nstbm Ah-bn IpSn-sIm-
kw_w injy Kpcp-tZ-h-t\mSp tNmZn-pp:
p tNX-\bpw {Inbm-i-nbpw AtX {_-ns
1. Hmw tIt\-jnXw ]XXn t{]jnXw a\: Xs t{]c-Wbpw inbpw BIp-p. C{]- Im-c-ap Ah-
tI\ {]mW: {]Y-ax-ss{]Xn bp: - bn a\x--C-{n-b- apJm-ncw B {_w "Cs\'
tIt\-jnXmw hmN-anamw hZn D-Xm-sWv Bv Fs\ ]d-bp-hm Ignbpw? C{]-
Imcw {_-X-tXzm-]-tZ-i-ns kzcq]w \mw Bcn
Npx t{im{Xw I D tZthm bp\-n. \npw ]Tn-n-p-an; \mw kzbw kz_p-n-bpsS a\\w hgn-
Cu a{-n \mep tNmZy- AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. bmbn {Kln-n-p-an-. GsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j-\n\npw Cu
PU-cq-]-amb Ax-Ic- -Ww, {]mW, hmWn XpS-nb KqV-X-Xz--fpsS D]-tZiw \app e`n-n-cn-p-pthm
It-{n-b- pw Npv BZn-bmb mt\-{n-b- Ah B ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c PU-tN-X-\-Ip `n-
pw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb Imcy- \S-p--Xn-\p \m-sWp \mw {Kln-n-cn-p-p. Adn-b-s-Sp-n- S-tmfw
Ign-hp-I {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-Xpw AXp-Isf AXm- kw]q-P-U-h--fn\npw kYm `nhpw Cu
Xn-t-Xmb I--fn {]h\ \nc-X-am-n-sm-n- PU-hs Adn-bp-Ibpw Fm kzbw Adn-b-s-Sm-
cn-p-Xpw Bb GtXm k-i-n-a-mb tNX-\-bp-- Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Pohm-m-hn-s\-m AXy-[nIw
tm, AXv GXmWv? F-s\-bp--XmWv? D-ahpw BIp-p. C{]-Im-c-ap nXnv AXns
kzcq- ]-X-Xzs hmp-Ihgn hy-am-p-hm Hcn-epw
kw_w CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn Kpcp ]d-bp-p.
km[y-a-. CXp-sImp AXns\ {Kln-p--Xn\p kqN-\-
2. t{im{Xky t{im{Xw a\tkm at\m b Isf B[m-c-am-t-- Xmbn hcpp (KoX 15-18).
ZzmtNm l hmNw k D {]mWky {]mW: kw_- w C\n AtX {_- s, {]iv\--fpsS ASn- m-
Np-j--p-c-Xn-apNy [ocm: \-n hopw Ap a{- aqew a\-n-em-p-p.
t{]Xymkvamtm-Im-Z-ar-Xm-`-h- n. 4. bZzm-Nm-\`- yp-ZnXw tb\ hmK-`yp-ZytX
Cu a{- n Kpcp injys tNmZy-p kv]jvS- XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.
amb adp-]Sn ]d-bmsX hmp-IsImp Imcyw {Kln-n-
bmsXmv hmp-I-fm hy-am-p-hm km[n-p-
m {ian--bm-W.v bmsXm-cp- a\-ntbpw {]mW-
pthm AXp-t]mse {]mIr-X-hm-Wn- bn ]d-s-n-p XXz-
tbpw kqt-{n-b- -fp-s Sbpw kakvX PK- n-
-fm D]m-kn--s-Sp-pthm AXv {_-ns hmkvX-
tbpw ]c-a-Im-c-W-\m-Ip-pthm bmsXm-cp--\n \npw
hnI cq]w BIp-n-. {_-XXzw hmp-Ipw AXo-X-
in {]m]n-nv Ch-sbmw AXm-Xn-t-Xmb {]h-\- am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp in-bpsS Awiw-sImv hmWn-bn
\S- p- hm {]m]vX-cm- bn- cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-
kwkm-c-in {]I-S-am-Ip- p-thm, bmsXmv hmWn-bp-
Ch-sbmw Adn-bp--h\ - m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah B ]c-
tSbpw mXmhpw t{]c-Wbpw {]h-\hpw Bbn-cn- p-
{_-] - p-cp-tjm--a Xs CXn-s-sbmw t{]c-Ii - -n-
pthm AXp {_-am-Ip-p. B hnj-b - n tIhew
bm-bn-cn-p-p. Ahs\ Adn-nv m\n-I- fm-bn-p--h
C{Xbpw am{Xta ]d-bp-hm km[n-p-I-bp-q.
Poh-p--cmbn Cu temI-n \npw {]bmWw sNbvX-
tijw Aa-c-kz-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv 5. b-\km \ a\ptX tb\m-lpt\m aXw
P\- \-a- c-W- -fn \npw \nXy- ambn tamN\w {]m]n-p- p. XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.
kw_w B a\-nepw {]mW-\nepw C{n-b - -fnepw _pn-bp-tSbpw a\-n-tbpw hnj-b-n Fsmw
t{]c-Ws- N-ep-p {_w C-s\-bpXmIp-p. C{]- Adn-bp-hm Ign- bp-pthm AXp-t]mse {]mIrX at\m-_p-
Imcw Akv]-jSv - cq]w Fp-sIm-mWv? CtX-n Kpcp ]d- n-bn \npw Adn-n-p-- Xmb GsXmcp XXzs D]m-
bp-p. kn-p-pthm AXp {_-ns hmkvX-hn-I-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-
n-. ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c a\-n\pw _pnpw kYm
3. \ X{X NpK-Xn \ hm-Xn t\m a\x
AXo-X-\m-Ip-p. bmsXmp a\-n-tbpw _pn-bp-tSbpw
\ hnZvtam \ hnPm-\otam bssY-XZ- -\p-in-jymXv mXm-hm-Ip-pthm Ahbvp a\\w sNp--Xn\pw
A\y-tZh XZzn-Zn-Xm-ZtYm Ahn-Zn-Xm-Z[n \nbw sNp--Xn-\p-ap in \Ip-pthm AXp-
CXn ip{ipa ]qtjmw t]mse a\-\hpw \n-bhpw sNp--Xn \nbp--am-bn-
tb\-k vX-Zvh ym-N-N- n-t c. cn- p- pthm bmsXm- ns in-b psS Aev] mw-i -
B kn-Zm- \ ]c- a-L\ ]c-{_-s {]mIr-X--fmb n\npw _pn-bn \nbw sNp--Xn\pw a\-n
Ax-Ic - -W-pw C{n-b-pw Adn-bp-hm Ign- a\\w sNp--Xn-\p-ap Ign-hp-m-Ip-pthm AXt{X
bp-n-. Ahbvv Ahn-Sw-hsc Fp-hm Ign-hn-. B {_w. B hnj-b - n C{X-am-{Xta ]d-bp-hm-\p-q.

N P
 69

I 6. b-pjm \ ]iyXn tb\ Npwjn ]iyXn kmt-Xn-I-`m-j-bn {Kln-p--Xn-\p-thn ChnsS Kpcp, K

XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX. AJn-e-n-tbpw mXm-hv, in-{]-Zm-b-I, kzman,
t{]c- I , {]h- I , k- i - n- a m, \nXy
Ip-I-fpsS hnjbw Ip-I apJm-ncw ImWp- Fsmw A{]m-Ir-X-]-c-a-X-Xz-amb {_-s-n ]d-p-
Ibpw Adn-bp- Ibpw sNp-Xpw D]m- k\ \S-p--Xp-amb X-n-cn-p- p.
{]mIrX ]Zm-k - -bw. AXp {_-ns hmkvX-hn-
I-cq-]w BIp-n-. ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Np-cmZn C{n- ZznXob JWvUw
b-pw AXo- X- \m-Ip- p. bmsXm-ns inbpw t{]c- 1. bZn a\ytk kpth-tZXn Z{`-ta-hm]n
W-bpw-sImp Npv BZn-bmb mt\- {n- b- X-
\q\w Xzw th {_tWm cq]w
fpsS hnj-b - -fn kmayw {]I-Sn- n- p-pthm
bmsXmv Ahsb Adn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb AXm-Xp-I-fpsS bZky Xzw bZky tZth-jzY \p
hnj- b- Adn-bp--Xn t{]cW sNep-p- Ibpw sNp- aoamwkytah tX at\y hnZo-Xw.
pthm AXp-t]mse bmsXm-ns in- bpsS Awi-am- Cu a{- n Kpcp Xs injys\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Ip-pthm B {]`mhw {_-am-Ip-p. Cu hnj-b - n hon- p-sImp ]d-bp-p. \mw apJm-ncw a\-n-em-n-
C{X-am-{Xta ]d-p-X-cp-hm kmy-am-Ib- p-q. {_-X-Xzs {ihn-n- v. B {_s ]q-ambpw
7. b-tdm-t{XW \ irtWmXn tb\ {Kln-p-I-gnp Fp \o Xocp-am-\n-p-I-bm-sW-n \o
t{im{X-anZw {ipXw {_- kz-cq-]s Ghpw Aev]-ambn am{Xta {Kln- n- pq
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZnZ ap]m-ktX FXp Xo- bmb kwK- Xn-bm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s- m
B ]c-{_- - ns Awi-`q-X-am-bn-cn-p Pohm-m-hv,
bmsXmv {ih-W-]p-S--fp eo-`-hn-p-pthm AXn-s\--sbpw AYhm Fm tZh-X-I-fnepw AXm-
bmsXmcp {]mIr-X-hk - X v p-k-aq-l-m D]m-k\ sN-s- bXv a\-v, _pn, {]mW apX-em-b-hb - n Aeo-\-am-
Sp-pthm AXv hmkvX-h-n {_-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-n-. ]c- bn-cn-p {_-ns Awiw-sImv AXm-Xp-Ip
{_--]-c-ta-iz-c t{imt{X-{n-b--fpsS mXmhpw t{]c- {]hnp--Xn-\p Ign-hp-I Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-
I\pw AXn {ih-Wi - n kzoI-cn-p--Xn-\p Ign- p. AXns\ \o {_w Fp Icp-Xp-I-bmsWn \ns
hns \nt- ]-I\pam-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp kmm ]c- Adnhp bYm-am-Ip-n-. {_lvaw C{X-bn HXp-n-
{_-a - m-Ip-p. Cu hnj-bs kw_-nv CXn IqSp- \np-n-. Cu Pohm- m- hnepw kakvX hniz-{_-m- -
X-embn Hpw ]d-bp-hm-\n-. nepw hym]n-p-I n-S-p in-sbmw GtIm-]np
8. bXv {]mtW\ \ {]mWnXn tb\ {]mW: t\mp-I-bm-sW-n AXv B {_-ns tIhew
{]Wo-btX Hcwiw am{Xta BIp-p-q. AXn-\m \o a\-n-em-n-
bn-cn-p Cu {_-XXzw \ns kw_- n-n-S-tmfw
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-k-tX.
]p\hn-Nm-cW sNt-Xp Bh-iy-amWv Fp Rm
{]mW aqew tNjvSm-bp--amb hkvXp--tfbpw Icp-Xp- p.
{]mIr-X- {]m-W-\m A\p-{]m-Wn-X- amb XXz--tfbpw D]m-
kw_- w Kpcp-tZ-hs D]-tZ-is ASn-m-\-amn
k\ sNp-Xp hmkvX-h-n {_-ns kzcq-]-a-.
Nnn-nv injy At- l-ns apn Xs A`n-{]mbw
]c- {_ ]c-ta-i z- c Ah-b vs mw AXo-X -\ -t {X.
{]I- S-am-p-p.
bmsXmp {]mWs mXmhpw t{]c-I\pw AXn\p
in \Ip--h\pw BIp-pthm bmsXm-ns in- 2. \mlw at\y kpth-tZXn
bpsS Aev]mwiw e`n-n-,v bmsXm-ns t{]c-W-sImv t\m \ thtZXn thZ N
Cu {][m\ {]mW AJn-e -tbpw tNjvS m-b p- -
tbm \ kvXtZzZ XtZzZ
amnop-pthm AXp k-i--\mb ]c-ta-izc
{_-am-Ip-p. AXns\ kw_-nv C{Xbpw am{Xta ]d- t\m \ thtZXn thZ N.
bp-hm Ign-I-bp- q. Cu a{-n injy Xs Kpcp-tZ-hs D]-tZ-i-
kmcmwiw Fs-m {]mIr-X--fmb a\- n\pw C{n- n\npw kzw A\p-`hw C{]-Imcw {]I-S-am-p-p.
b-pw e`y-am-Ip hnj-b--sfmw {]mIr-X--fm-Ip- ""B {_s Rm \mbn Adn-bpp Fv Ah-Im-i-
p. AXm-bXv Ahsb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izc ]cm-Xv]-c-]p-cp- s-Sp-n; Fm AXns\ Rm\-dn-bp-n-spw AwKo-
tjm--as hmkvX-hn-I-kz-cq-]--fmbn AwKo-Ic - n-p- I- c n- p- n- . Fp- s Im- s - m Rm\-d n-b p-I bpw
hm km[y- ta- b-. AXn-\m Ahsb D]m-kn-p-Xp ]c- sNpp Fn- cp- mepw Fs Cu Adnhv Hcp mXmhv
{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k-\bpw BIp-n-. a\-v, _pn GsX-nepw tb-h-kvXp-hns\ Adn-bp--Xp-t]m-ep--X-
apX- em-bh- -bv-Xo-X- amb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-izc kzcq-]s . CXv AXn- t\-m kYm A]qhpw Aeu- In-Ihpw

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 70

I BIp-p. AXp-sIm-mWp Rm BZyw ""Rm\-Xns\ Adn- kw_w C\n B {_-X-Xzs CtX P-n Adn- K
bpp Fpw Adn-bp-n Fpw Fnepw Rm\-dn-bpp'' n-cn- t-Xv AXyw Bh- iy- am-Ipp Fp ]d-p-
Fpw ]d--Xv. Fs Cu hmp-I-fpsS clkyw injy- sImv Cu {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
m-cmb R-fn B {_s Adn- n-p--h \p 5. Cl tNZ-thZo ZY-kX - yakvXn
icnp a\-n-em-p-hm km[n-p-p.
\ tNZn-lm-th-Zo--lXo hn\jvSn:
kw_w C\n {ipXn apIfn ]d Kpcp-in-jy-kw- `qtXjp `qtXjp hnNnXr [ocm:
hm-Z-ns Bibw kzbw hymJym-\n-p-p.
t{]Xym-k vam-tm-Im-Z-arXm `h-n.
3. bkym aXw Xky aXw aXw bky
am\-h-Po- hnXw AXyw Zp- `- am-Ip- p. AXp e`n- p
\ thZ k:
a\p- jy ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\p km[-\-I-fn
Ahn-mXw hnPm-\Xmw hnm-X- X-c-\m-bn-o-cp-n-s-n Ah Ghpw hep-Xmb
a-hn-Pm-\ -X mw. sXp {]hn- p-p. AXp-sIm-mWp {ipXn-bn ]d-bp-
bmsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j ]c- {_--]- c-ta-iz-cs kmm- -Xv, "Cu Zp-`-amb a\p-jy-i-cocw \ne-\np--Xp-hsc
Xvmcw {]m]n-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\n "Rm ]c-ta-iz- `K-h-XvIr]m ISm--m {]m]vX-am-bn-cn-p km[\
cs\ Adn-n-cn-pp Fp Al-mcw Aev]-am{Xw kma-{Kn- I D]-e-_v[-am- bn-cn- p-tm F{Xbpw thKw ]c-
t]mepw Dm-Ip-n-. Ah ]c-am-m-hns A\-hpw am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-Xp Fm {]Im-c-nepw t{ijvT-am-
Ako-ahpw Bb aln-am-h-n \na--\mbn "]c-am- bn-cn-pw. am\-h-P--ns ]c-a-km-IX - bpw AXp-X-
mhp kzb-tah Xs Adn-b-s-Spp' Fp a\-n-em- s- b m-
I p- p. Hcp ]t Cu kphm- h - k cw ssIhn-p-
p-p. AmsX ampw Xs B alm-h - ns t]m- I - b m- s W- n ]noSp kw`- h n- p- Xp alm- \m-i-am-bn-
cnpw XpS-bmbpw arXyp-a-b-kw-km-c-ns {]hml
Ac IS-p-hm km[y-a-. Ako-a-bpsS koasb koam-
fn HgpIn \S-t-- Xmbpw hcp-p. Atm Icp
_--am-b-Xn\v Fs\ {]m]n-m Ignbpw? AXm-bXv
]mm]w {]I- S n- n- p-I -b - msX ap bmsXmcp
Rm {_s Adn-n-cn-p-p. Rm m\n-bm-Ip-
t]mwhgnIfpw Ahtijn-pn. {]]ns {Xnhn[
p, ]c-ta-iz-c F\ndnb-sp Ignp Fv Bsc-
Xm]--fnepw {Xnhn[ thZ-\Ifnepw \np c- -Sp--Xn-
nepw Icp-Xp-p-s- n Ah kYm {`a-n AI-
\p Hcp Hcp t]mwhgn Pohn-I am\-h-P--n Z-X-
s-pIgnncn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m {_w C{]-
tbm-Sp-IqSn km[\ ]cm-b-Wc - mbn X-fpsS Pohs\ \nXy-
Im-c-ap m\-hn-j-b-a-. F{Xtbm m\ km[-\-I
X-bn-tep thn k^e-am-n- opI F-Xm-Wv. a\p-
Dv. Ah-bn Hn\p-t]mepw {_-ns kao-]v
jy-Pw IqSmsX ap A\-h[n tbm\nIsfmw-Xs
Fp--Xn\v km[n-p-n-. AXp-sImv C{]-Imcw
I- ^-e- A\p-`h - n-p--Xn-\mbn am{Xw {]m]vX- am-Ip-
Adnhp km-Zn--hsc kw_-n-n-Stmfw ]c-am-mhp
p. Ah-bn Pohn-Ip ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-
kZm Am-X-am-Ip-p. Adn- b-W-sa-p A`n-am\w \ne- \p bmsXmcp km[-\-Ifpw A\p-jvTn-p-hm km[y-a-
\np--Xp-hsc ]c-ta-iz-cs kmmXvImcw e`yam-Ip- . _pn-am-m-cmbh Cu kwKXn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
n-. Adn-bW
- -sa-p A`n-am\w Aev]-am{Xw t]mep-an- Ah AXnqSn ]c- am-m- hns kmm-XvImcw {]m]nv
m `mKy-hm-m-cmb alm-]pcpjmp ]c-ta-iz-cs Fs-t-p-ambn P\\ acW N{I-n\npw tamN\w
kmm-Xvmcw e`yam-Ip-p. t\Sn Aa-c-m-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.
4. {]Xn-t_m-[-hn-ZnXw aX-a-ar-XXzw ln hntX
B\m hntX hocyw hnZybm hn-tX-arXw. XrXo-b -JWvU w
D]-cyp--amb h-\-n ]c-am-m-hns GXp kw_w {]Ya JWvU-n {_-ns kzcq-]-
kzcq-] s ey-a m- n-b m-b n-c n- p- pthm AXns\ XXzw a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn AXns in-bpsS
Ghpw \mbn a\-n-em-p--Xm-Ipp hmkvX-hn-I-amb kmt-XnI `mj-bn hn`n {]Im- c-n ZnKvZi\w sN-
m\w. Xzmcm ]c-am--{]m-]X v nbpw e`y-am-Ip-p. ]c-am- s-n-cn-p-p. cm-as JWvU-n {_-m-\-
-m\ {]Zm- bn- \n-bmb m\-cq- ]-in A- cym- an- bmb ns t{ijvT- X- sb-n ]d-bp--Xn-\p-thn {]Y-a-{]-I-c-
]c-am-m-hn-\m a\p-jyp e`n-p-p. a{--fnepw W-ns h-\-I-tfmSv H-t\m- - n {_-ns
hnZy-I-fnepw \nv Aar-X-cq-]a
- m-Ip ]c-{_--ns kzcq]w Fns\ tXm-s-Sp-pthm hmkvX-h-n
{]m]vX n e`n- p- p. Xqew a\p-j y- c n ]c-{ _ AXns ]q-cq]w A{X-bvsmpw Bbn-cn-p-n;
]pcptjm-as bYm kzcq-]s Adn-bp- -Xn- \p AXm-Is AXns aln-a-bpsS Awiw am{Xta BIp-p-
A`n-cp-Nnbpw Dm-lhpw hn-p-sIm-n-cnpw Fp q. Pohm-m-hv, a\-v, {]mW, C{n-b - apX-em-b-
]d-b-s-n- cn-p- p. hbpw Ah-bpsS tZh-X-Ifpw Fmw-Xs {_-n

N P
 71

I \npw A\p-{]m-Wn-Xhpw t{]cn-Xhpw in-apw Bbn Cu Imcy-km-y-n\v An Ign-hp--h-\m-sWp Iv K

Imcy-am{X {]k---fmbn hn-p-p. At- l- tmSp ]dp: "Atbm PmX- th- Zm, Ap t]mbn
B bw Bcm-sW-p hnhcw Adn-p-sIm-p-h-m-
aqm-as JWvU-n hniz-n GtXXp Pohn-
epw.'' Anp Xs _pn-i-n-bn A]m-c-amb Kp-
Itfm ]Zm-tfm in-apw kp-chpw {]nb-s--
m-bn-cp-p. AXp-Im-cWw Atlw ]d-p, "\-Im-cyw,
Xp-ambn tXmp-p-thm, Ah-bpsS Pohn-X-n ImW-s-
Rm\p-S Xs hnhcw Adn-p-h-cmw.'
Sp k^-e-X-Is - fmw Xs aln-X-s-bm-Ip-p-shp
ZrjvSm-- aqew {Kln-n-p-p. 4. XZ-`y-{Z-hXv Xa-`y-h-ZXv tImkoXy-nhm
1. {_l tZtht`ym hnPntKy Xky l {_ Al-a-kvao-Xy-{_-ho-m-X-thZm hm
Al-k va o-Xn.
tWm hnPtb tZhm Aa-lo-b X
sF- mkvam CXn FmWp {]bm-k-ap--sXv An-tZ-h
Ita-hmbw hnPtbm kvamIta-hmbw Nnn-p. AXn-\m Atlw AXn-thKw b-ns
aln-ta-Xn. kao-]p sNp-tNp. At-ls Xs kao]w
Inp bw tNmZn-p. ""Am-cm- Ipp?'' Atm An
]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a tZh-m-cn Ir]-bp--h-\m- hnNm-cnp; Fs tXtPm-a-b-cq-]s Fm-hcpw Adn-bp-
bnv Ahp in {]Zm\w sNbvXp. AXp ImcWw Ah -Xm-Wsm? Ch-\-s\ Fs Adn-bp-hm Ign-n-n-
Akp-c- m-cpsS ta hnPbw hcn-p. Cu hnPbw hmkvX- . Atlw sNmSn-p-sIm-p-cw ]d-p. ""Rm {]kn-
h-n `K-hm-t-Xp-X-s-bm-bn-cp-p. tZh-X-I tIhew -\mb An-bm-Ip-p. Fs ]Z-hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw cl-
\nanw am{Xta Bbn-cp-p-q. Fm B hkvXpX ky-]q-hp-amb \maw PmX-th-Z Fm-Ip-p.
tZh-m AwKo-I-cn-n-. Ah `K-hms Ir]sb AwKo-
I-cn-msX B aln-asb X-fpsS Ignhpw aln-abpw kw_w Atm b- cq-]-amb {_w An-tbmSp
Fp Icp-Xnbpw AXyw Al-m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn X tNmZnp
henb _e- im-en- I-fm- sWpw X-fp-tS- Xmb _e-]u-cpjw 5. Xkvan-kvXzbn Inw hocy-an-Xn. A]oZw kw
sImmWv Akp-c -msc ]cm-P-b -s-Sp- n-b -sXpw
Ztl-bw, bZnZw ]rYn-hym-an-Xn.
`mhn-p.
An-bpsS Ktmn tInp {_w Hpw Adn-p-
2. Xssjw hnPvu tXt`ym l
Iq-Sm--X- h-s\-tmse ]dp "\-Xv. Av An-tZ-h-
{]mZp_-`qh
Xbpw PmX-th-Z\pw BW-tm. hfsc \ Imcyw. Fm
X hyPm-\X InanZw b-an-Xn. F\np Nne-sXmw Adn-b-W-sa-p-v. Zb-hp-sNbvXp ]d-
tZh- X-I-fpsS Al-m- cs Icp- Wm-\n-[n-bmb `K-hm p-X-m sImmw.'. ""\n-fn Fp in-bm-Wp-
a\-n-em-n. Cu Almcw hf-cp-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cpsS Xv? \nsp sNm Ignbpw?'' CXn\v An-tZ-
]X\w Xo-bmbpw kw`-hnpw F `-Ie - ym-W-Im-cn- h Ktm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn ]dp F\n-s-p-sN-p-
bmb `K-hm hnNm-cn-p. `-h--e-\mb `K-hm\p `- hm Ign-bp-satm? CX-dn-bp-hm \n-fm-{K-ln-p-p,
m-cpsS ]X\w Fs\ kln- p-hm Ignbpw? AXn-\m As? tl' Rm a\p hbvp-I-bm-sW-n Cu `qa-
`K-hm tZh-m-cn Icp-W-bp--h\ - mbn Ah-cpsS Zw WvU-e-tbpw AXn-ep Fm hkvXp--tfbpw Icnp
ian-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah-cpsS apn Znhy-km-Im-c-b- Nmq-m-c-ambn amp-hm Ign-bpw.
- cq-]-n {]Xy--\m-bn. tZh-m B-cy-N-In-X-cm-bn. 6. Xkvssa XrWw \nZ-[m-th-X--tl-Xn.
B ApX hnim-e-cq-]s ImWp-Ibpw Cu Znhy-bw XZp-] -t{]- b m-b -k
Fv Fp Nnn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Ahv
Pth-\, X iimI ZKv[pw kXX Gh \nhr
AXns\ Xncn--dn-bp-hm Ign-n-.
tX, ss\X-Z-iIw hnmXpw btZ-XZv
3. tXna{_p-h-RvPm-Xt- hZ GXZv hnPm-\oln b-an-X n.
InanZw b-anXn XtY-Xn.
An-tZ-h-X-bpsS hop-ap Ktm-n-I tI-
tZh- m B AXn-hn-N n{X alm-Im-b-amb Znhy-b - tm b-cq-]-[m-cn-bmb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c At-l-
s Inv B-cn-I-ambn `b-s-Sp-Ibpw AXns\ ns apn-tebvv Hcp DW--pv Cp-sIm-Sp-p-
Adn-bp--Xn\p hy{K-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. An-tZ- sImp ]dp ""Atbvv Fm-n-t\bpw Zln-n-
hX ]c-a-tX-P-kznbpw thZm-- fpsS mXmhpw Fm p- h m Ign- b p- a - s m. \nm- c - a mb Hcp _e- { ]-
PmX-]-Zm-fp- tSbpw hnhc Adn-bp- -h\pw k- tbmKwsImv Cu XrWs Pzen-n-m-epw.'' An-tZ-h
-cn k-\pw BWv. AXn-\m At-l - ns CXp X\n-sm-c-]- am-\-am-bn- -cp- Xn-sb-nepw km[m-cW coXn-
]Z-hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb \maw "PmX- th- Z' Fm-Ip-p. tZh- I bn B ]pns kao]w Fn AXns\ `kva-am-p--
N P
 72

I Xn-\m-{K-ln-p. Bcw-`-n AXp `kva-am-Im-Xn-cp--Xp-Iv X-s-bt? hfsc \ Imcyw. Fm A-bn FpK

Atlw Xs kIe inbpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p. ]s in-bpv? Atbvv Fp sNp-hm Ignbpw?
AXn\v Aev]w-t]mepw NqSv Gev]n-p-hm-\-t-l-n\p Ign- Fp ]dp tIn-m sImmw. CXn\v hmbphpw
n-. AsX-s\ NqSp-]n-Snpw? An-bn-ep An- An-tb-tmse hopw Al-m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn
Xzhpw Zml-I-Xzhpw AXns in-bpsS aqe-`W - vUm-Km-c- ]dp ""Rm hnNm-cn-m Cu `qa-WvU-esbpw
amb ]c-am-m-hn\npw e`y-am-bn-p--Xm-W-sm. Ahn- AXn-ep kI-e-tbpw bmsXm-cm-[m-chpw IqSmsX
Spv B in-t{km-X-ns\ XS-bp-I-bm-sW-n ]ns Dbp-Ibpw ]d-p-Ibpw sNmw.''
FhnsS \np in-hcpw? An-tZ-h CsXmpw {Kln-
10. Xkvssa XrWw \nZ-[m-th-X-Zm-Z-tz-Xn. XZp-
msX hon-f- p-I-bm-bn-cpp sNbvX-Xv. Fm {_w
]t{]bmb k-P-th\ X iim-Im-Zm-Xpw, k
Xs insb XS-p-Ig- n--tm Anv Hcp DW-
XX Gh \nh-hr-tX, ss\XZiIw hnPvRmXpw
-p-n-s\-tmepw Icn-p-hm km[n-n-. Atm e-
btZ-XZv b an-Xn.
bm Ip\n inc- p-ambn lX- {]-\pw lX- {]- `- \p-ambn
An tZh-I-fpsS ASp- sNnp ]d-p. ""B bw hmbp-tZ-hs hop-ap Ktm-n-I tIv Fm-
Bcm-sWv F\n--dn-bp-hm Ign-n-.'' n\pw kmb in \In-sm-n-cn-p ]c-{_
]c- ta-iz-c At- l-ns ap]nepw Hcp DW--pv Cp-
7. AY hmbp-a-{_p-h hmb-th-XZv
sIm-Sp-p-sImp ]d-p. ""Atbvv Fm-n-t\bpw
hnPm-\oln Inta
]d-n--f-bp-hm Ign-bp-a-tm. Aev]w _ew {]tbm-Knv
XZv b-anXn XtY-Xn.
Cu DW--p-ns\ Aev]w ]d-X-n-m-Wn-m \m-bn-
An-tZ-h ]cm-P-bs - p aS-n-h--tm tZh-I cp-p.''hmbp-tZ-h\v Cu hmp-I Xs A]-am-\n-p-I-
Cu Imcy-km-y-n-\mbn A{]-Xn-a-i-n-bmb hmbp-`-K- bm-sWp tXmn. Fnepw km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn B
hms\ Xnc- s-Sp- nv At-l- tmSp ]d-p. ""Atbm ]pns kao]w sNv AXns\ ]d-p--Xn\v B{K-ln-
hmbp-tZh! Ap-t]mbn Cu bw Bcm-sW-p Fm- p. ]pp ]d- m-Xn-cp- -tm Xs ]q-amb in hn\n-
hn-h-c-fpw Adnp hm-epw. ""hmbp `K-hm\pw Xs tbm-Knp ]cn-{i-an-p-t\mn. Fm k-i-n-am-\mb
_pn-ssh-`-h-n Aan-X-amb Al-m-c-ap-m-bn-cp-p. ]c-am-m-hn-\m in XS-b-s--Xp-Im-cWw hmbp-hn\v
AXn-\m Atlw ]dp ""\ Imcyw. DS Xs Aev] w-t]mepw AXp Nen- n- p- -X n\p Ign- n- .
Rm hnh-c-a-dn-bmw.'' hmbphpw An-sb-tmse Xs lX-{]-`\ - m-bn, e-
8. XZ-`y-{Z-hXv Xa-`y-h-ZXv tImkoXn. hmbphm sImv apJw Xmgv n, ap tZh- X - I - f psS kao- ]-sa-n-bnp
]d-p. ""Cu b-am- cm-sWp a\- n-em- p-hm F\np
Al-a-kvao-Xy-{_-ho- m-Xc - nizm hm
Ign-n-.''
Al-a -k va o- Xn.
11. AtY-{-a-{_p-h aL-h -t-X Zv hnPm-\ oln
hmbp-tZ-h Nnn-p, ""An, Adn-bmsX FhnsSsb
Inta-XZv b-an-Xn. XtYXn XZ-`y-{Z-h-Xv. XkvamXv
nepw t]mbn-cn-pw. As-n Cu bs a\-n-em-
XntcmZt[.
p-Xv A{X-h-enb kwK- Xn-bm-bn-cptm? icn, Cu hnP-
b-ns am\yX F\np Xs e`n-pw.'' Cs\ Nnn- An, hmbp apX-emb A{]-Xn-a-i-n-Ifpw _pn-k-
p-sImp b- ns kao- ]-sa- n- tp. At-ls --m-cp-amb tZh-m Ak-^-e-cmbn aS-n-h-cn-Ibpw
kao- ]p I-tm bw tNmZnp ""Xm BcmWv?'' bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX -tm
hmbp Xs KpW-Ku-ch - tZh-X-I Nnn- nv tZh-cm- P-\mb C{s\ Cu Imcy-ns
- -fpsS Ktm-Sp-IqSn adp-]Sn
]dp: ""Rm {]kn--\mb hmbp BIp-p, Fs ]Z- \n-l -W - n-\mbn sXcsSp-p. Ah At-l-
tmSp ]d-p ""Atbm alm-_-eh
hn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw cl-ky-]q-hp-amb t]cv amX-cnizm - m-\mb tZh-cmPm!
Fm-W.v C\n Av t]mbn Cu bw Bcm-sW-p kIe hnh-
c-fpw Adnp hm-epw. At-b v -msX ampw
kw_w b-c q-] n-b mb {_w hmbp-h n-t\mSp
Cu Imcy-n hnP-bw-h-cn-p-hm km[y-a-.'' C{
tNmZnp
""hfsc \Xv'' Fp ]dv AXn-thKw b- ns kao-
9. Xkvanw-kvXzbn Inw hocy-anXn? A]oZw k ]-t-bvp-t]m-bn. C{ AhnsS Fn-b-tm-tgbvpw
amZ-Zo-bw, bZnZw ]rYn-hym-an-Xn. bw At-l-ns apn \np ad-p-I- gn- n-cp-p.
C{-t\mSp ap tZh-X-I-tfm-Sp--Xnepw _lp-am-\-ap-m-bn-
hmbp-hns ta{]-Im-c-ap Ktmn tInv {_w cp--Xp-sImv At-l-tmSp kwkm-cn-p-hm-\p Ah-
Ct- l- tmSpw AXp- t]m-se- Xs Hpw Adn-p- Iq-Sm kcw t]mepw bw sImSp-n-. Fm C{ Cu
`mh-n ]d- p. sImmw, Av hmbp-tZ-h-\m-Wsm? Hcp tZmjw Hgn-m asm hn[- nepw {_- m-\-n\v
A-co--n B[m-c-an-msX k-cn-p--h Ap- A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m At-l-n\p {_-X-Xz-

N P
 73

I m-t\m-]tZiw \evtI-Xv Hcp Bh-iy-amWv Fp Icp- am-\zn-Xcpw in-am-m-cp-ambn `hn-pthm B ]cm-i-n- K

Xn, AXn-\p hyh--I sNp--Xn-\mbn Atlw bpsS aln-asb Adn-p-sIm-p-hn. {_-ns in-
kzbw A[m\w sNbvXp. bm-e- m-sX, X-fp-tS-Xmb kzX{ in-bm Fs-
nepw sNp-hm Ignbpw Fp kz]v\-nt]mepw
12. k Xkv a n- t - h mImti kv { Xnbam PKm- a -
Nnn-p-t]m-I -c pXv! Dam-tZ-h n-b psS adp-] -Sn-bn\np
_plptim`am \mapamw ssla- h Xow Xmw
kmm ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz- cX-s- bm-bn-cpp X- fpsS
tlmhmN Inta-XZv b-an-Xn.
apn b-cq-]-n {]Xys--sXp tZh-m-cn
bw Am\w sNbvXp Ignnpw C{ Ahn- {]Y-a-\mb C{\p a\-n-em-bn.
sS-s \np-I-bm-bn-cp-p. An-tbtbm hmbp-hn-
2. XkvamZzm GtX tZhm AXn-X -c m-an-h m-\ ym-
t\tbm t]mse Ahn- s S- \ npw aS- n-t m- I p- n- .
tZhm bZKv\ nhm-b p-c n-{ kv tX tly\-t -
XWw bw \nn-cp AtX m\v AXyw
ZnjvTw ]kv]ipkvtX tly\Xv {]Ytam hnZm-
tim`m-a-bn-bmb lnam-Ne Ipamcn Dam-tZhn {]Xy--s-p.
-Imc {_t-Xn.
\np--Xmbn C{ Ip. Dam-tZ-hnsb I-tm
C{ tZhn-bpsS kao-]-tbvp sNp. C{-t\mSp Icp- tZh-X-I-fn An, hmbp, C{ Chsc ]c-a-t{i-jvT-
W-tXm- n, Icp-Wm- a-b-\mb ]c-{_ ]pcp- tjm- -a Xs m-cmbn IW-m-- Ww. Fp-sIm- s- m Ah aqp-
Dam-cq-]-n-ep kmm {_-hn-Zysb {]Xy--s-Sp- t]cpw {_s kv]inp Ign-n-cn-p-p. ]c-{_
n- b-Xm-bn-cp-p. C{ `n- ]p-c-cw Ah- tcmSp ]dp ]c-am-m-hn Zi-\-n-tbpw At-ls ]cn-Nb - -s-
""`K-hXn! Av k intcm-a-Wn-bmb Cuiz-c Sp--Xn-\p ]cn-{i-a-n apgp-In-bn-cp--Xntdbpw At-
{ioics kzcq-]-i-n-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Fm kwK- l- tmSp hmm-em]w sNbvXXntbpw ]ca ku`mKyw
Xn-I-tfbpw Xo-bmbpw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bpw. Ap Ahp am{Xw e`y-am-bn. X bmsXm1-ns\ Zin-
Ir]m- ]qw FtmSv Acp-fn- s- bX v m-epw. ""F\nv Zi\w pthm bmsXm- n- t\mSp hmm- em]w \S- ntbm bmsXm-
\In-bnv Av DS ad-p-t]mb B Znhy-bw Bcm- ns in-bm Xkp-cp-m-cp-sS-ta hnPbw ssIh-cn-
sWpw Fp-t-i-tm-Sp-IqSn {]Xy-- s-p-shpw ]d- pthm AXp-Xs kmm ]c-{_-] - -c-am-mhv F
b- tW.'' kXyw Ah BZyw {Kln-p.
NXp-JWvU w kmcmwisas-m ku`m-Ky-im-en-If - mb alm-]p-cp-
j-m GsX- nepw Imc-W-h-i m `K-h ms Znhy-k-
1. km {_tXn tlmhm-N. {_tWm hm GX w e`y-am-p-p. At-l-ns Zi-\w, kv]i-\w,
ZznPtb alo-b-[z-an-Xn, XtXm sslh hnZzm-- At-l-tmSp hmm-em]w sNp--Xn-\p Ah-kcw
Imc {_t-Xn. Ch-sbmw Ahp Inp-p. Cu a{-n At-l-
tZh- cm-Ps tNmZy- n-\p--c-am- bnv Dam- tZhn C{]- Imcw ns alna C{m-Zn-tZ-h-m-cpsS DZm-l-c-Ww-sImp
adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""\n IXpw Ctm Am\w hy-am- n-bn-cn-p- p.
sNbvXX - p-amb B Znhy-bw kmm ]c-{_ ]c-ta- kw_w Cu aqp-tZ-h-X-If - n An-tbbpw hmbp-
iz-c Xs Bbn-cp-p. \n Akp-c-m-cpsS ta hn-t\bpw At]-np tZh-cm-P-\mb C{ t{ijvT-\m-
hcn hnPbw B {_-ns in-sImp kw`-hn-- sWp ]d-bpp
Xm-b n-cp-p. AXm-bXv hmkvX -h-n AXv ]c-{_--
ns hnPbw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. \n AXn-s\mcp 3. XkvamZv hm Ct{mXnX-cm-an-hm-\ym tZhm
ImcWw am{Xta Bbn- cp-p-q. \n-fm-Is {_-ns k tly\-t-Znjv Tw ]kv] i, k tly\Xv
Cu hnP-bs kzw hnP-ba - mbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw AXns {]Ytam hnZm--Imc {_t-Xn.
aln-asb X-fpsS aln-a-sbp Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Anpw hmbp-hn\pw b-cq-]-n {]Xy--s
CXp \nfp Zpclmc-am-bn-cp-p. ]ca Imcp-Wn-I\ - mb {_-ns Zi-\hpw hmm-em] ku`m-Kyhpw Inn-
]c-am-mhv \n-fp-sS-ta IcpW tXmn Akp-c- m-cp-sS- bn-cp-p. Fm Ahv AXns kzcq-]-m\w e`n-
ta \np hnPbw \In. B ]c-am-m-hp-Xs n-. `K-hXn Dam-tZ-hn-bn\nv Ghpw BZyw C{\v
\n-fpsS \-b v p-thn \n-fpsS Zpc-l-m-cs ian- k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm--as XXz-s--
n-p--Xn\p bs cq]w [cnp {]Xy--s-Sp-Ibpw n-bp m\-ap-m-bn. XZ-\-cw C{ ]d--Xp-sIm-
An-bp-sSbpw hmbp-hn-tbpw Kw ian-n-p-Ibpw mWv Ahpw B m\w Dm-b-Xv. AXn\p tijw
AXp- t]mse \np hmkvX- hn-I-m\w \Ip- - Xn\v Ch-cn\npw ap tZh-I B bw kmm ]c-
Fs t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m {_--]-c-ta-iz-c Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. F kXyw a\-n-em-
\n kzw hmkvX-hnI in-sb-p Al-mcw n. Ans\ Hmtcm-cp--cn\npw tIp-tI-mWv Hmtcm-
ssIsh-Snv GsXmcp {_- ns aln- a-bn\np aln- cp-cpw bmYmyw a\-n-em-n-b-Xv. Ahp ]c-ta-

N P

I iz-c-t\mSv kwkm-cn-p--Xnt\m At-l-ns XXzs
{Kln-p--Xnt\m Ign-n-. AXp-Im-cWw AJn-e-tZ-h-X-
I-fnepw Anbpw hmbphpw C{\pw kt{ijvT-m-
cmbn KWn--s-Sp-p. ImcWw Cu aqp-t]pw {_-
Zi-\hpw XXz-m-\-]X v nbpw e`y-am-bn. Fm Ghpw
BZyw C{ At-l-ns XXzs {Kln-X - n-\m
C{ k-t{i-jT v -\mbn am\n--s-Sp-p.
kw_w C\n apI-fn ]d {_-X-Xzs B[n-
ssZ-hn-IZ- r-jSv m-w-aqew a\-n-em-p-p.
4. Xsskyj BtZtim btZ-XZv hnZyptXm hyZyp-
XZm CXo-y-ao-an-jZm CXy-[n-ssZ-h-Xw.
km[-Is lrZ-b-n {_w kmm-XvI-cn--s-Sp-
-Xn-\p Xo{hm-`n-emjw In-z-en-ptm `K-hm
Ahs DXv- WT v sb Hp-IqSn Xo{hhpw D-S-hp- am-p-
-Xn-\p-thn hnZypXv {]Imiw t]msebpw Ip Nnp--
Xp-t]m-sebpw Xs kzcq-] - ns Wn-I-amb Hcp
Zi\w \In-bnv Hfn- p-I-f-bp- p. ]qtm--amb
BJym-\-n C{]-Imcw Xs C{s apn \npw
Znhy-b-- ns Am-\s CXp kqNn-n-p-p.
km[-Is Iap]ntem AY- hm, lrZ-b-tZ-i- ntem
BZy-ambn `K-hms kmIm-ctam \ncm-Im-ctam Bb cq]-
Zi\w As- n A\p-`hw Dm-Ip-tm Ah
B\mcy--fm NIn-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Xm-c-W-
m Ahs lrZ-b-n Xs Bcm-y-tZ-hs\ \nc-
cw Ip-sIm- n-cn-p--Xn\pw A\p-`- hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
-Xn\pw A\n-hm-cyhpw D-S-hp-amb A`n-emjw Dev]-
-am-Ip-p. ]ns Ah\p W-t\-c-t-p-t]mepw
CjvSkmmXvmcw IqSmsX imn e`n-p-n-. Cu
kwKXn Xs Cu a{-n B[n-ssZ-hn-I-amb DZm-l-
cWw sImp hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
kw_w C\n Cu kwKXn Xs Bym-nI `mh-
n shfn-s-Sp-pp
5. AYm-ymw btZ-X-ZvK--Xoh N at\mt\\
ssNX-Zp-]-kva-c-Xy-`ovW w kev]x
bmsXmcp km[-I\p Xs a\v Bcm-y-tZ-h-X-bmb
{io`-K-hms kao]w hsc Fn-t-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s-
Sp-pthm Ah Xs a\-nqSn `K-hms \nKp-
Wtam kKp-Wtam Bb GXp kzcq-]s Nnn-p-Ibpw
AXns {]Xy-m-\p-`qXn Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-pthm
Atm kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-bn-s Ah AXn eo\-\m-
bn-o-cp-p. ]ns Ah\p Xs CjvS-ssZ-h-ns
W-t\- c-t- p- t]m- ep- ap hnkvarXn kln- p-hm Ign-
bp--X-. B kabw Ah AXyw hymIp-eX - -tbmSp
IqSn-b-h- \m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah \ntXy-\, \nc--c-ambn t{]a-
]qw AXns\ kvacn-p-Ibpw kzlr-Z-b - n Xs
CjvS-ssZ-hs {]m]n-p- -Xn\v A\n-hm-cyhpw D- S-hp-
amb A`n-e mjw D-h -\ m-b n- o-c p-I bpw sNp- p.
N P
74
Ign a{-n B[n-ssZhnI ZrjvSn-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]d-b- K
s Imcyw Xs CXn Bym-nI ZrjvSn-bn ]d-b-
s- n-cn-p- p.
kw_w C\n B {_- ns D]m- k\m {]Im- c- fpw
AXns ^e-fpw ]d-bpp:
6. X XZz\w \ma XZz-\-an-Xyp-]m-kn-Xhyw k b
GXtZhw thZm-Zn-ssl\w kmWn `qXm\n
kw hmRvO-n.
B\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Fm-hpw
AXyw {]nb--c-\m- Ip- p. Fm Pohn- Ifpw Hmtcmtcm coXn-
bn At-ls B{K- ln-p-p. Fm Xncn--dn-bp-n-
. AXp-Im-cWw kpJ-ns cq]-n At-ls
At\z-jn-p-sIm-WavSv ZpxJ-kz-cq-]--fmb hnj-b--fn
Ae-p-Xn-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-ls {]m]n-p-
hm Ign-bp-n-. Cu clkyw a\-n-emn km[-I B
]c-{_--]c- -am-m-hns\ Poh\p Xpeyw {]nb-am-bn--cpXn
AXns\ \nXyhpw AN-ehpw Aa-ehpw A\-hpw Bb
]c-am-\ kzcq-]s Nnnp Ign-bW - w. C{]-Imcw
sNbvXp- sNbvXv B\ kzcq- ]- \mb ]c-am- m-hns kmm-
Xvmcw {]m]n- p-tm Ah kzbw B\- - a- b-\m- bn-o-
cp-p. AXm-bXv PK-nse Fm {]mWn-Ifpw Ahs\
X-fpsS Bo-b-am-bn--cpXn Ahs\ lrZ-bw-K-a-ambn
kvt\ln-m XpS-p-p.
7. D]-\n-jZw t`m {_qlo-X yp- mX D]-\n-jZv
{_mow hmh X D]-\n-j-Z-{_qta-Xn.
Kpcp-tZ-h- \n \npw kmt-XnI `mj-bn {_-hnZym
kw_-n-bmb t{ijvtTm-]-tZ-i- {ihn-npw injy\v
AXp ]q-cq-] - n lrZn--am-p-hm Ign-n-.
AXn-\m Ah C{]-Imcw {]mn-p. ""`K-h mt\!
F\nv D]-\n-jZv cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p-
X-m-epw.'' AXn\p Kpcp-tZ-h ]d-p, ""h! \mw
\n\p {_-hnZy D]-tZ-inp XpI-gn-p. \ns tNmZy-
ns D-c-ambn "t{im{Xky t{im{Xw' apX XpSn
apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p a{- hsc bmsXm-p-]-tZ-
in-n-cn-p-pthm AXp \o ZrV-ambn {Kln-p-sIm-p-I.
AXp \n-b -ambpw cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-h n-Zy-bpsS
D]tZiw Xs- bm-Ip-p.
kw_w {_-hn-Zy-bpsS {ih-W-am-{X- bns
{_-kz-cq-]-ns clkyw a\-n-em-p-hm km[n-p-
n-. AXn\p {]tXyI km[-\-I-fpsS Bhiyw Dm-Ip-
p. AXn-\m C\n B {][m\ km[-\- Isf hn-pp
8. Xssky Xt]m Za: ItXn {]XnjvTm thZm:
kmwKm\n kXy-am-b-X -\w.
hmbnp ]Tn-v, Dcp-hnv {_-m-\n-bm-bn-op;
CXv {_-hn-Zysb ]cn-lk - n-epw kzbw h-\b - n-e-I-
s-S-ep-am-Ip-p. {_-hn-Zy-bm-Ip {]mkm-Z-ns ASn-
d Xm]w, Zaw, Iw apX-emb km[-\-If - m-Ip-p. Ch-
 75

I bpsS ta cl-ky-a-bn-bmb {_-hnZy A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn- apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p {]Im-c-n bmsXm-cp- K

cn-pw. bmsXmcp km[-I kz[-]c - n-]m-e-\
- n-\p- D]-\n-jZv cq]-amb {_-hn-Zy-bpsS cl-ky-s {Kln-p-
thn AXn-I-Tn-\--fmb IjvS-X-Isf kljw kzmKXw pthm AXm-bXp XZ\pk-c-W-amb km[-\-I-fn hym]r-
sNn-n--tbm, bmsXm-cp- a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b - - X- \m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah kakvX ]m]sf ]c-am--
tfbpw \mbn kzm[o- \n- s-Sp-p- n- - tbm, bmsXm-cp- kmmXvm-c- n\v {]Xn-_---fmbn \np kIe
\njvIm- a- `m-h-tm-Sp- IqSn A\m- k- - \mbn hm{ia-[- ip`m-ip` I--tfbpw \ntjw \in-nv \nXyhpw
sf A\p-jvTn- p-n- tbm Ah\p {_-hn-Zy-b psS k-t{i-jvT-hp-amb ]c-a-[m-a-n nXn-sN-pw. Hcn-
bYm-c-lkyw Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n; Fp-sIm- epw Ah\v AhnsS \np aS-t--Xmbn hcp-n-.
s-m Ahsb {Kln- pXn\p {][m\ B[m- c- Ah Fs-t-b v p-ambn AhnsS {]Xn-jT
v n--s-Sp-p.
Ch-bm-Ip-p. Iq-n thZw B {_-hn-Zy-bpsS Fm ChnsS "{]Xn-jT v Xn' F ]Z- ns ]p\-cp-m-cWw {K-
AwK-- fp-am-sWpw Adn-n- cn--Ww. thZ-n-s- k-am-]vXn-bpsS kqN\ Xs-bm-Ip-p. AtXm-sSmw D]-
bm-Ip-p, {_-hn-Zy-bpsS AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fpsS hymJym- tZ-i-ns \nn-X- Xz-tbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
\w. AXp- sImp thZs AXn- hn-i-Z-amb coXn- bn Ay-
b\w sNp-Ibpw kXy-kz-cq-]- ]-c-ta-iz-c AXm-bXv {XnIm-
e-_m-[n-X-\mb kn-Zm-\--L\ ]ctaiz-c, B {_-hn- imn- ] mTw
Zy-bpsS ]c-a-amb A[n-jvTm-\hpw B{i-b-a-m-\-hpw, ]c-
a-e-yhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m B {_s ey- Hmw B]ym-bp aam-MvKm\n hmIv {]mW-px
amn bmsXm-cp- thZm-\p-k-c-W-ambn X]w, Zaw, t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N km-Wn, kw
\njvIm-a-Iw CXp-I sNp-pthm Ah\p am{Xta {_u ]\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw am aw
{_-hn-Zy-bpsS k-kz-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--as\ {_-\n-cm-I-tcm-Xv, A\n-cm-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw
{]m]n-p-hm kmy-am-Ip-I-bp-q. takvXp. XZm- \n \nc tX b D ]- \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp.
9. tbm hm GXm-tahw thZm-]-lXy
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]m]vam-\ -a-\ t
kztK temtI tPytb {]Xn-Xn-jvTXn (CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
{]Xn-X n-j vT -X n. sImSp-n-p- v.)

1 aptIm]-\n-jv 3

Cu D]-\ n-jv AY-th-Z

- nse iu\-I o-im-J- kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
bns--Xm- W.v kzkvXn t\m _rl-kvX-]nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw Kpcp-Ip-e-n Ay-b\w \S-p injy kzw
]tiyam- `n-b-P{Xmx Kpcp, kl-]m-Tn-I am\-h-k-ap-Zmbw Fn-h-cpsS \sb
Nnn- p-sImp tZh- I- tfmSp {]mn-p- p. Atbm tZh-
nssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\q-
K-W--tf, R kzw ImXp-If - nqSn awK-f-I-c--
`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
fmb hN-\ - tI-tW. \n, apJ-kX v p-Xn, AkXyw
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x AYhm ap ]m]-I-c--fmb Imcy- Fnh R-fpsS
]pjm hniz-thZmx I--fn ]Xn-msX R-fpsS kzw PohnXw bmK-

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 76

I ]-cm-b-W-ambn `hn--tW. R kZm `K-hms Bcm-[- "]c' hpw "A]-chp' amb cp kzcq-]--fp-tSbpw ]q- K
\-b n hym]r-X -c m-b n-c n- -W -ta. I- sImp amb m\w e`n-pthm AXns\ {_-hn-Zy-sbp ]d-bp-
tIpI am{X-a-msX t\{X-sImp kZm awKfw p. CXv Fm hnZy-I-fp-tSbpw B{i-ba
- m-Ip-p.
Zin-p-Ibpw sN-W-ta. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-e-Im-cntbm
2. AYtW bmw {]h-tZX {_m
AYhm \mi-n- tebvp \on-sm-n-cnptXm Bb
ImgvN-I-fn-tev R-fpsS ZrjvSn-I Hcn-epw BIjn- Yhm Xmw ]ptcm-hm-Nm-MvKntc {_-hnZymw
-s-Sm-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS ico-chpw Hmtcmtcm Ah- k `mc-Zzm-Pmb kXy-h-lmb
b-h-fpw kpZr-Vhpw kp]p-jvShpw Bbn- o-c-tW. {]ml `mc-Zzm-tPmMvKnctk ]cm-h-cmw.
AXpw `K-hms\ kvXpXn-p--Xn-\p-thn am{X-am-tI-W-ta.
AY aljnp {_m-hn\np e`y-amb {_-
R-fpsS Bbpv t`mK-hn-emkfnepw {]am-Z--fnepw
hn-Zysb Atlw AwKnc pa-ljnp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-
IqSn ISp t]mIm- Xn-cn--tW. `K-hXv Imcy-- fn {]tbm-
p. AwKn-c-p-a-ljn `c-Zzm-P-tKm-{X- n ]nd kXy-
P-\-s-Sp--Xn-\p-th-n-bp Bbpv Rp e`n--
h-l Fp t]cp aljnp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. `mc-
tW. (tZ-h-I R-fpsS Fm C{n-b--fnepw {]th-inv
Zzm-P-a-ljn ]mc--cy-ambn \ne-\n-n-cp {_-ns
Ahsb kwc-n-p-Ibpw \bn- p-I bpw sNp-p.
]c, A]- c- kz- cq-]-ns m\w ]Ip-sIm- Sp-p Cu
Ah-\p-Iq-ea - mbn hn- p--Xp-sImv R-fpsS
{_-hn-tZym-]t- Ziw aljn AwKn-c-n\p \In.
C{n-b- p kpK-a-ambn km-nIqSn Nen-p-
hm Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m Ah-tcmSpw {]mn-p-Xv 3. iu\tIm l ssh alm-imtem MvKnckw hn[n-
DNn-X-am-Ip-p) Fm-Zn-nepw Ion- ]-c-n- p tZh-cm- h- Z p- ] - k x ] {] - . Ik van p ` Kthm
P C{, k--\mb ]qjm, Acn-jSv -\n-hm-c-I-\mb hnmtX k-anZw hnmXw `h-Xo-Xn.
Xmy (K-cp-U) _pn-cm-Pm-hmb _rl-k] v Xn Cu
iu\-I F t]cn {]kn- - \mb Hcp aljn Dm-
Fm tZh-X-Ifpw `K-hms Znhy-hn-`q-Xn-If - m-Ip-p. Ch
bn- cp-p. Atlw Hcp henb hniz-hn-Zym-e- b-ns m]-
kZm Rv awKfw hn-n--tW. Ch-cpsS Ir]-
I\pw Bbn-cp-p. ]pcm-W-a-\p-k-cnv At-l-ns Ejn-
bm R-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Fm Poh-Pm-e -pw
Ip-e-n F]-s- m-bncw aljn- am hkn-n-cp-p.
awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn--tW. Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-
Atlw D]-cyp {_-hnZy ]Tn-p--Xn-\mbn imkv{X-
ssZ-hn-I-hpw, B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-ambn Fm Xm]-pw
hn-[n-b-\p-k- cnp Ic--fn kanv FSp- p-sImv `n-
imn-bp-m-tW!
]qw aljn AwKn-c-ns ASp- hp. Atlw
AXyw hn\-b-]qw aljn-tbmSp tNmZn-p. "`K-h,
{]Y- a- ap-W vU Iw
bmsXmp \mbn Xncn--dn--Xn-\p-tijw ImWp-Xpw
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw tIp-Xpw A\p-am-\n-p-X - p-amb Fmw Xncn--dn-bp-
1. Hmw {_m tZhm\mw {]Y-ax-kw-_`- qh -Xn\p Ign-bp-tm, B ]c-a-XXzw Fm-Ipp? AXns\
Fs\ Xncn-d- n-bp-hm Ignbpw Fp Zb-hmbn Acp-fn-
hnizky Im `ph-\ky tKm]vXm
s- bX v mepw!
k {_-hnZymw k-hn-Zym-{]-Xn-jvTm
4. Xkvssa k tlmhm-N. tZz hntZy thZn-Xthy
aYhmb tPyjvT-]p-{Xmb {]ml.
CXn l kva bZv{_--hntZm hZn ]cm ssNhm
("Hmw' Cu ]c-ta-izc \mas kvacn-p-sImv D]-\n- ]cm-N.
j-m-cw-`n-p-p. CXp-h-gn-bmbn Hmtcm Imcyhpw Bcw-`n-
C{]-Imcw aljn iu\-Is tNmZy-n\v aljn
p-tm a\p-jy Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-p-Ibpw At-l-
AwKn-cv ]dp ""iu\-I, {_s {Kln-n-p
ns \mtam-m-cWw Ahiyw sNp-Ibpw thW-sap
aljn-am ]d-bp-Xv a\p-jyp-thn Adn-bp--Xn\v
kqNn-n--s-Sp- p.)
cp-hn-Zy-I Dv Fm-W.v H ]c, aXv A]-c.
k in- am-\mb ]c- {_ ]c-ta- iz-c-\n\npw tZh-
5. X{Xm-] cm EtKztZm bPpthZx kma-thtZm
I-fn {][m-\n-bmb {_mhv D-hn-p. ]noSv Ctlw
Yh thZx inm Iev t ]m hymI- c Ww
Xs Fm tZh-I- tfbpw aljn- am-tcbpw acoNn apX-emb
\ncpw Otm tPymXn jan-Xn. AY ]cm bbm
{]Pm-]-Xn-I-tfbpw krjvSn-p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn kakvX temI-
XZ- -c a-[n-K-ay-tX.
-tfbpw krjvSnv AXns c-bvp-thn kpZr-V-
amb \nb-a- apX-em-bh - bpw \nn-p. At-l- ns B cp hnZy-I-fn bmsXm-p-hgn Cu temI-n-
Ghpw aq-]p-{X AY aljn-bm-bn-cp-p. Ghpw tebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw t`mK--fp-tSbpw Ah-bp-sS
BZyw {_mhv {_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-Xv At-l- {]m]vXn- km[-\IfptSbpw m\w e`y- am-Ip-p-thm,
n- \m-bn-cp-p. bmsXm-cp-hn-Zy-bn\npw {_-ns bmsXm-n t`mK--fpsS nXn, t`mK-sf A\p-`-hn-

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 77

I p--Xn\p {]Im-c-, t`mK-h-kvXp--fpsS cN-\, ssIbv apX-emb It-{n-b - fpw Cm--h\- m-Ip-p. K
Ahsb D]-e-_v[-am-p--Xn-\p ]e-hn-[-km-[-\-I AXp-t]mse Atlw AXn-kq-vahpw hym]-Ihpw A-
Fmw AS-n-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv A]-c-hn-Zy-bm-Ipp; cm--cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm-nepw hym]npw Hcn-epw
EtKz-Zw, bPpth-Zw, kma-th-Zw, AY-thZw Cu \mep \miw kw`-hn-m--h\pw kYm \nXy\pw BIp-p.
thZ--fn \m\m hn[-n-ep bmK-hn-Zy- Ifpw Ah-bpsS Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw B ]c-a-Im-c-Ws\ m\n-I
^e-fpw hnkvXm-c-]qw hn-n-cn-p-p. PK-nse k{X ]cn-]q-ambn ImWp-p.
Fm hkvXp--fp-tSbpw hnj-b--fp-tSbpw h\w thZ-
kw_w PK-Zm-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c kakvX krjvSn-
-fn \-Xp-t]mse sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Cm-ev thZ-
I- fp- tSbpw ]c-a- Im-c- W BIp-sXs\? kq-amb
ns Fm imJ-Ifpw e`y-am-Ip-n-. AXn hn-n-
Cu {]]w At-l-n \npw Fs\ D-hnp? Cu
p hnhn[ hnm-\-I-c--fmb Imcy-sf Adn-bm-hp-
Bi-bs hy-am-pp
- hcpw Cs- p- Xp icn-bm-Ip-p. thZ-- fpsS ]mZ-
AXm-bXv icn-bmb D-cn-p--Xn-\p hn[n-Isf kw_- 7. btYm-\m`nx krPtX KrlvWtX N
n D]-tZ-i- ""in'' BIp-p. bw, bmKw apX- bYm ]rYn-hym-tam-j-[bx kw`-hn
em-b-h-b psS hn[n-I ]d-b -s-n-cn-p hn`m-K s bYm kXx ]pcp-jm--tI-i-tem-am\n
"Iev]w' Fp ]d-bp-p. sshZn-Ihpw euIn-Ihpw Bb
XYm--cmXv kw`-h-Xol hnizw.
i_vZ--fpsS A\p-im-k-\-ns {]Ir-Xn-{]-Xyb hn`m-
K-]q-ambp i_vZ-km-[-\-bpsS {]{In-b. i_vZm- ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Xs Cu PU-tN-X-\m--I-amb
t_m-[--fpsS {]Imcw {]tbmKw apX-em-b-h-bpsS \nb-a- PK-ns \nan-hpw D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-hp-am-Ipp Fv
kw_-n D]-tZ- i--fpsS \maw "hymI-cWw' Fm- aqp ZrjvSm hgn a\-n-em-p-p. BZyw Fp-Im-
Ip-p. sshZn-I-i- _vZ-tIm-i--fn C ]Zw C hkvXp- en-bpsS ZrjvSm--n\npw Cu kwKXn ]d-bp- p. F{]-
hns\ kqNn-n-pp F kwKXn Imc-W-k-lnXw ]d-b- Imcw Fp-Imen Xs hb-n-\p-n-ep hesb shfn-bn-
s-n-cn-pXp "\ncpw' F hn`m-K-n-em-W.v sshZn- se-Spp hncn-p-Ibpw ]ns AXns\ hngp-p-Ibpw
I-O -- p-I-fpsS PmXnbpw t`Zhpw ]d-bp hnZysb sNp-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-
"Nkv' Fp ]d-bp-p. {Kl--fp-tSbpw \-{X--fp- c Xs Dn kqva-cq-]t- m-Sp-IqSn eo\-am-bn-cn-
tSbpw nXn-K-Xn-Ifpw Ah-tbmSp \p-p _- p PU-tN-X-\m-cq-]-amb PK-ns\ krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-
fpw Fm-Ipp Fpw apw hnh-cn-p hnZysb `-n \m\m-{]-Im-c-n krjvSnp hym]n-n-p-Ibpw
"tPymXnj' sap ]d-bp-p. C{]-Imcw \mep thZ-fpw {]f-b-Im-e-n hopw Xn- te-bvp-Xs ]nh-en-p-
Bdp thZmw-K-fpw Cu ]n-sbpw \maw "A]cm' Ibpw sNp-p. cm-as DZm-l-c-Ww-sImpw Cu
hnZy Fm- Ip- p. bmsXm-p-h-gn- bmb ]c-{_ Ahn-\min Imcyw hy-am-p-p. F{]-Imcw `qan-bn hnhn-[--fmb
]c-am-m-hns XXz-m\w Dm-Ip-pthm AXv "]cm' [m\y-, XrWw, hrw, eX apX-emb Huj-[n-I-fpsS
hnZy-bm-Ip-p. AXns h-\I - epw thZ--fn Xs- _oP- ]Xn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs- bp `n--
bp-v. AXn-\m A{Xbpw Awis hnnv _mn Fm fmb t`Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Huj-[n-I AhnsS apf-b v p-p.
thZ-fpw thZmw-K-fpw A]-cm-hn-Zy-bn AS-n-bn-cn- AXn `qanp bmsXmcp ]-]m-Xhpw C. AXp-t]m-se-
p--Xmbn Icp-X- Ww. Xs Pohn-I-fpsS hn`n---fmb I-cq-]_ - o-P--
\p-k-c-W-ambn `K-hm Ahsb hnhn[ tbm\n-I-fn D-
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p ]cm-hn-Zy-hgnbmbn
hn- n-p-p. AXn-\m At-l-n bmsXmcp {]Im-c- n-
bmsXm- ns m\w Dm-Ip- pthm B Ahn- \m- in- bmb
ep-ap hnj-a-X-bp-tStbm \n- b- X-bp- tStbm tZmjw Btcm-
{_w F-s\-bp--XmWv? AXn-s\-n ]d-bpp
]n-p-hm km[y-a-. aqm-aXp a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns DZm-
6. b-Z -t{Z- i y-a- {Km- l y-a- tKm- {X-a- h -a -N - px- l-c-W-n\npw Cmcyw hy-am-p-p. F{]-Imcw
t{im{Xw XZ-]m-Wn-]m-Zw. \nXyw hn`pw k-KXw a\p-j ys Pohn-X -i -c o-c - n\npw at\m-l - c -a mb
kpkqvaw XZ-hybw bZv` q-X -tbm\nw ]cn-] - tIihpw tcma-fpw \Jhpw kzb-ambn D-hn-p-Ibpw
iyn [ocm. hf-cp-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ahs\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw
Cu a{-n ]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-cs \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq- AXv bmsXm-n\pw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-n-. AtX {]Imcw
]s hn-n-cn- p-p. B ]c-{_--]-c-ta- iz- c mt\- Xs ]c-{_--]c - -ta-iz-c-\n\npw Cu {]]w kzb-
{nbw hgn Adn-b-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-n; It-{nb ambn D- h n- p- I bpw hnI-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp; CXn-
hgnbpw {Kln--s-Sp-n-. Atlw tKm{Xw apX-emb D]m- \p- t hn `K- h m\v bmsXmcp {]b-X\ v hpw sNt--Xmbn
[n-If- n-m--h\pw {_m-WmZn h-K-X-t`-Z-tfm AXp- hcp- n- .
t]mse \ndw, BIrXn Chtbm Cm--h\pw BIp-p. kw_w C\n kwt- ] -ambn {]]tmn
Atlw Iv, sNhn apX- emb mt\-{n-b-fpw Imev, {Ias hnh-cn-p-p.

N P
 78

I 8. X]km NobtX {_ XtXm a`n-Pm-btX ZznXo- b -J WvU w K

Am-Xv{]mtWm a\x kXyw temImx kw_w BZy-J-WvU-nse \memw a{- n ]cm,
I-k p-N m-ar-X w. A]cm Cu cp hnZy-Ifpw {Kmly-tbm-Ky-am-sWp ]d-
PK-ns krjvSn- Im-e-a-Sp--tm ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz- bp-p. C\n Cu JWvU-n AXn\nv A]-cm-hn-Zy-
c Xs kev]-cq-]-amb X]-n\npw hf {]m]n- bpsS kzcq-] hpw ^ehpw ]d- nv ]cm-hn-Zy-s b- n
p- p, AXm- bXv At- l-n hnhn[ cq]- -tfm-Sp-Iq- Snb Pnmk Df- hm-pp
krjvSn-bpsS \nm-W-n-\p kev]w Db-cp-p. Pohn- 1. XtZ- X - Xyw at{jp ImWn Ihtbm
I- fpsS Im- \p- kr- X-ambn B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-- a-\n bm\y-]iyw kvXm\n t{XXmbmw _lp[m kwX-
bmsXmcp kv^pcWw krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n-ep-m-bn-cp- Xm-\n. Xm\ym-N-cY \nbXw kXy-Imam Gj hx
pthm AXp-Xs At-l-ns X]w Bbn-cp-p. B ]mx kpIr-X -ky-tem-tI.
kv^pcWw Dmb am{X-bns AXyw kqva-cq-
_pn-am-m-cmb aljn-I bmsXmcp D-X n-bpsS
]-n-em-bn-cp `K-hm AXns\ At]-np qe-am- km[-\m-`q-X-amb bmKmZn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep I- sf
bn-o- cp-Ibpw Atlw krjvSn-Im-hmb {_m-hns thZ-a-{- -fn ]t In-cp-pthm B I-a-{-
cq]w [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. {_m-hn\npw Fm Ev, bPp-v, kmaw Cu aqp thZ--fnepw ]e-co-Xn-I-
PohnIfptSbpw D-nbpw hfbpw kw`-hn-n-p fn hnkvXm-c-]qw hn-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m {]Xy-
Aw D- -am- Ip-p. ]ns A- n\npw {ItaW - amb DXn B{K-ln- p Bfp- I Ahsb icn-bmbn
{]mW, a\-,v Imcy-cq]fmb BIm-imZn ]a-lm-`q- {Klnv \nb-a-{]-Imcw B I-sf A\p-jT v npsImn-
X- Fm Pohn-Ifpw Ah- bpsS hmk-efpw, Ah- cn--Ww. Cu a\pjy-i-co-c-n CXp-Xs D-Xn-p
bpsS hn`n- I--fn\npw Ahbvv Ahiyw kw`- kp-c-amb amw. Ae-k-X-bnepw {]am-Z-nepw t`mK--
hn-t kpJ-Zpx-J-cq-]-^-e-fpw Cs\ Cu kq f-\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw arK--sf-tmse Pohn-p- Xv a\p-jy-
PKv D-hn-p-p. i-co-c- n- \p-]b
- p--a-.
kw_w C\n ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-asb hn-p- sImv ({]-[m\ cq]-n-ep thZ--fpsS Fw aqp-Xs
Cu {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cn-p-p. Fv AwKo-I-cn-p-p. An-mbn "thZ-{Xbn' apX-emb
\ma--tfm-Sp-IqSn EtKz-Zw, kma-th-Zw, bPpthZw Fo
9. bx kx k-hn-Zyky
aqn-sbpw DtJ\w e`n-p-p. A-s\-bp m\-
m\-abw X]x -f n \mem-a s AY thZs tad
Xkvam-tZ-X-Zv{_ \ma cq]-aw N Pmb-tX. aqnepw Aeo-\-am-sWp Icp-Xp-p.)
kw]q PK-ns Imc-W-`q-X-\mb B ]c-a-]p-cp-j- kw_w thtZm---fmb At\Iw {]Im-c--fn-ep
]-c-ta-iz-cs\ km[m-cW cq]-nepw hnti-j-cq-]-nepw I--fn\npw {]tXyI e- W- tm- Sp-Iq-Snb {][m\
Fm-hcpw \m-bn--dn-bp-p. B ]c-{_--ns GI-am- An-tlm-{X- Is hn-p-hm-\m-cw-`n-p-p.
{X- amb m\w- Xs X]- am- Ip- p. At- l- n\v km[m-cW
2. bZm teem-btX lyNnx kant
a\p-jy-sc-tmse PK-ns\ krjvSn- p--Xn-\p-thn
lhy-h m-l t\
IjvS-k-l-\c - q-]-amb X]--\p-jT
v n-t--Xmbn hcp-n-.
XZm-Py-`m-Km-h--tc-Wm-lpXnx {]Xn-]m-Z-tb-Xv.
B k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs k-e] v -am-
{X-bns {]Xy-- ambn ImW-s-Sp Cu hncmSv cq]- A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-p--h \nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-
amb PKv (A- Xns\ A]- c- {_w Fp ]d-bp-p) kzbw -Ww. tZh-Iv lhnv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p An
{]I-S-am-Ip-Ibpw kakvX Pohn-Ifpw temI-fpw Ah- b mK - t h - Z n - b n \ n m bn I n - P z - e n - p - t m ,
bpsS \maw, cq]w, Blmcw apX-em-b-hbpw D-hn-p- AXn\npw Pzme-I Db-cp-tm, BPy-`m-K-m\w
Ibpw sNp-p. hnp a[y-n BlpXn kan--Ww. An Bfn--
p--Xn\p aptm AXn\npw Pzme-I Db-cp--Xn-\p-
"Bsc Adn-bp--Xn\npw CsXmw {Kln-p-hm aptm AYhm In-bX - n-\p-ti-jtam im-am-b-Xn\p
Ign-bpp' Fv iu\-Ia - -ljn tNmZn-n-cp-p. CXns tijtam AXn BlpXn kan-p-hm ]mSn F
D-c-ambn kakvX PK-ns ]c-a-Im-c-W-\mb ]c-am-m- Imcyw AXp-sImp hy-am--s-Sp-p. Ansb \-
hn\npw PK-ns D]-n-hn-hc - Ww ]d-nv Npcp- Xp-t]mse Pzen-n-nv An-tlm{Xw \S--Ww.
-n B kin-am\pw k-\pw Fm-n-
kw_w \nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-p a\p-jy
sbpw Imhpw [m-hp-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn- p-
AtXm-Sp-IqSn Fsmw sNWw F hnj-bsn
I-gn-m Fmw a\-n-em-Ipp F Imcyw [cn-n-p.
]d-bpp

N P
 79

I 3. bkym- n-tlm-{X-a-Zi-\-] u-am-k 5. GtXjp b-ctX {`mP-am-t\jp K

aNm-Xpm kya-\m-{K-b-W-a-Xn-Yn-hnXw N. bYm-Imew Nmlp-Xtbm lymZ-Zm-b.
Alp-X-a-ssh-iz-tZ-h-a-hn-[ n\m lpX Xw \b-tyXmx kqcyky civatbm
amk-]vX-amw-kvXky temIm ln\-kvXn. b{X tZh\mw ]Xn-tc-tIm[nhmkx.
\nXyhpw An-tlm{Xw \S-p a\p-jy Zi-b- bmsXmcp km[- I ]q-a-{-n ]d-n-p Ggp-
hpw ]u-am-k-b-hpw sNm-X n-cn-p-pthm {]-Im-c-n- ep Pzmem-bp--am-bn, \mbn t{]mz-en-p-
AYhm NmXpm-ky-b-hpw \S-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm sIm-n-cn-p An-bn IrXy-k-abw imkv{X-hn-[n-b-
AXp-t]mse icZv hk-pp--fn \S-- s-Sp \ho- \p-k-cnp \nXyhpw Blp-Xn-\In An-bmKw \S-p-
\m--ns (]p-Xp-[m-\y) bmK-cq-]-amb B{K-b-W-bw pthm Ahs\ ac- W-Im- e- n XtmSp Iqn- tv Cu
\S--s-Sm-Xn-cn- p-pthm Ahs b-im- e-bn AXn- Blp-Xn-I kqcy-In-c-W--fm-bn, tZh-cm-Pm-hmb C{s
Yn-I bYm-hn[n k-cn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-pthm As- temI-n Fn- p-p. An-tlm{Xw kz-kp-J-{]m-
n Ah \nXyw An-bm-K-n IrXy-k-a-bpw ]vXn-p Atam-L-amb D]m-b-am-sWp Xmev]-cyw.
imkv{X- hn-[n-b-\p-k-cnpw lh\w \S-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm
kw_w F{]-Imcw Cu Blp-Xn-I kqcy-In-c-W-
AXp-t]mse _en sshiz-tZ-hI - w \S-m-X n-cn-p-
am-ambn bP-am-\s\ C{-tem-I-n Iqn-sm-p-t]m-
pthm BsW-n B An-tlm{Xw \S-pp a\p-
Ipp Amcyw hnh-cn- p-p.
jys k]vX-tem-I- sf B AwK-lo- \-amb An- tlm{Xw
\in-n-p If-bp-p. AXm-bXv B bw aqew e`n-p- 6. Gtly-loXn Xam-lp-Xbx kphkx
am-bn-cp ]rYzn-temIw apX kXy-temIw hsc-bp kqcyky civan-`nb-P-am\w hln
temI--fn\np e`y-am-Ip tbmKy t`mK- Ah- {]nbmw hmN-a-`n-h-Z -tymby
\n\npw AXv Xn amn--f-bp-p.
Gj hx ]pWyx kpIrtXm {_-tem-Ix.
kw_w An-bn\npw Pzme-I \mbn Db-cp-
B {]Zo- ]vX-amb Pzme-I- fn An--s Blp-Xn- I
tm BlpXn kan-Ww Fp kwKXn ap a{-
kqcy-In-c-W--fpsS cq]-n ]cn-W-anv ac-W-Im-e-n
-fn ]dp Ignn-cn-p-p. C\n B Pzme-I-fpsS
B km[-I-t\mSp ]d-bpp ""hcp, hcp \ns k-
{]Imct`Z-fpw \mahpw ]d-p-X-cp-p.
-fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb {_-temIw AXm-bXv t`mK-cq-]-
4. Imeo Icmeo N at\m-P-hmN kp-J-sf A\p-`h - n-p--Xn-\p ew kz-tem-I-am-
kptem-lnXm bm N kp[q-{a-hm Ipp'' C- s \- b p {]nb-hm-p-I IqsS-qsS ]d-p-
kv^penw-K\o hniz-cpNo N tZho sImv BZ- c - k m- c-]qw Ahs\ kpcys Inc-W-
am- -fnqSn sImp-t ]mbn kz-tem-I -n
teem-b-am\m CXn k]vX Pnlzmx.
Fn-p-p. ChnsS kzs {_-temIw Fp ]d-
Imeo Idp \nd-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h, Icm-eo--A-Xyp-{K- bp- -Xn Xmev]cyw kzm-[n- ]-Xn- bmb C{\pw `K-hms
amb (An _m[n-p-sa `bw P\n-n-p--h), at\m- Xs A]-c-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]Im-cm--tcW
Phm a\-p-t]mse AXyw N-e-am-b-h, kptem-ln- {_w Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Xm-- kp-c
- -amb Nph-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h, kp[p-{a-hm-- kp- kw_w C\n kmwkm-cnI t`mK--tfm-Sp sshcm-
-c-amb ]pI-bpsS \nd-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - , kv^penw-Kn\o Ky-m ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p--
Xosm-cn-I s]mn- n-dp--h, hniz-cp-No-tZhn Fm Xn- \p A`n- emjw Dev]--am-Ip- -Xn-\p-thn ap]-d
Znnepw {]Im-in-p--h C{]-Imcw Ggp coXn-bn-ep kz-tem-I-ns km[-\m-cq-]-amb bmZn kIm-a-
Pzme-I An-tZ-hs lhn-ns\ {Kln-p--Xn\v Cf-In- Ihpw AXns ^e-cq-]-amb euIn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-I-
sm-n-cn-p Ggp \mhp-It]mse BIp-p. AXn- hp-amb t`mK--fpsS Xp-Xbpw ]d-p-X-cpp
\m Ftm An-tZ-hX C{]-Imcw Blq-Xn-cq- ]-am-Ip
t`mP\w {Kln-p--Xn\p Xm-dm-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX 7. hm tlytX AZrVm b-cq]m
kabw Xs t`mP-\-cq-]-amb BlpXn {]Zm\w sN-Ww. AjvSmZtim-a-hcw tbjp I
As-n A{]- z-e n-Xhpw AW- p-t]m-b -X p-amb GX-vtdtbm tb`n\n aqVm
An-bn \I-s-Sp BlpXn Nmc-tmSp Iev Pcm-arXypw tX ]p\-tc-hm]n bn.
\in-p-t]m-Ip-p.
Cu a{-n bs \uIm-cq-] - nepw Ah-
kw_w ta {]Imcw {]Zo-]X v -amb An-bn \nb-a- bpsS kwJy ]Xn-s\v Fpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p. \nXy, Zi,
{]-Imcw {]Xn-Zn\w lh\w sNp--Xp-sIm-p ^e-s- ]u-am-k, NXpam-k-t`-Z-- tfm-Sp- IqSn b- n\p ]Xn-
n ]d-bp-p. s\p {][m\ cq]- Dsv A\p- am- \n- - s- Sp- p. Ah-

N P

I bn D]m-k-\m-c-ln-X-amb kIm-a-I-sf hn-n-cn-
p-p. Cs\ b cq]--fm-Ip ]Xn-s\p \uI-
Ifpw Dd- p--X-s p ]d-b-s -Sp-p. Ch hgn-bmbn
kwkm-c-km-K-c-ns Ac IS-pI km[y-a-. Cu
temI-ns h-am\ ZpxJ kzcq-]-am-Ip Ghpw
sNdnb \Zn-tb-tmepw XcWw sNbvXv kzw-h sc
Fptam Fp-t]mepw kt-la - m-Wv. Fp-sIm-s-
m aqm-as a{-nse h-\-b-\p-k-cnv GsX-
nepw AwK-ns Ipd-hp-m-Ip-p Fn km[-I\p
kz-n Fp-hm km[n-p--X; CS-b v p-sh-p-
Xs NnX-dn-tm-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv AZr-Vhpw An-
c-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu clkyw a\-n-em-msX aT-b-m-cmb
Bfp-I Cu kIm-a-I--sf-s ]c-ta-iz-c-{]m-]vXn-
p D]mbw Fp IcpXn CXns ^e-s-s
]c-a-kp-J-sap IcpXn CXns\ kvXpXn-p-sImp Pohn-
p-p. Ahv kt-lc - -ln-X-ambn IqsS-q-sS-bp
hrm-h--tbbpw ac- W-Zpx-J-tbpw A\p-`h - n-t--
Xmbn hcp-p.
kw_w Ah F{]-Imcw ZpxJa\p`-hn-pp? CXn\p
kv]jvSo-I-cWw \Ipp
8. Ahn-Zym-bm-a-tc h-am\mx
kzbw-[ocmx ]WvUnXw a\y-am\mx
PMvL\- y-am\mx ]cn-bn aqVm
At-ss\h \ob-am\m bYmmx
A\p hgn-Im-n-bmbn As\s Inp-tm
Ah-s \- s\ A`o-j vS - - e -s - p-h m Ignbpw?
CSbvv Imep-ap-nbpw apnepw Np-N-h-dnepw ImhgpXn
hoWpw ]md-If - nepw `nn- If
- nepw arK--fp-sS-taepw Xn-
apn \m\m hn[--fn-ep-ap IjvS-X-I A\p-`-hn-t--
Xmbn hp-Iq-Sp-p-thm AXp-t]mse Xs Cu aqV-m-
cmb Bfp-Ifpw ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fp-tSbpw IoS--fp-tSbpw
hnhn[ ZpxJ-]q--fmb tbm\n-I-fnepw AXp-t]mse \c-
Im-Zn-I-fnepw {]th-inv A\--P-w-hsc A\-h[n IjvSm-
cn-jSv -X-I A\p-`-hn-t-- Xmbn hcp-p. bmsXm-cp-
kzbw _pn-am\pw hnZzm\pw Fp \Sn-p-pthm hnZym-
_p- n-bpsS anYym-l-m-c-m imkv{X-tbpw alm- m-
\n-I-fpsS hN-\--tfbpw Aev]w-t]mepw hI-h-bvmsX
Ahsb Ah-tl-fn-p-Ibpw {]Xy---fmb kpJ-t`m-K-
sf A\p-`-hn-p--Xnepw Ah-bpsS D]mb `qXfmb
Ahn-Zym-ab kIm-a-I--fn \nc-cw apgpIn hkn-p-
Ibpw sNp-pthm Pohn-X-ns Aaq-ey-amb ka-bs
hrYm \jvS-am-n--f-bp-p.
kw_w B Bfp-I XpS-bmbn ZpxJ--fn ]Xn-
p-sIm-n-cp-npw Fp-sIm-p-W-cp-n? \-bvp-
thn Fp-sImp {]hn- p-n? Cu B{K-ls
kw_-np ]d-bpp
N P
80
9. Ahn-Zymbmw _lp[m h-am\m K
hbw IrXmYm CXn-`n-a-\yn _memx
bXvIntWm \ {]th-Z-bn cmKmXv
tX\m-Xpcmx oW-tem-Im-y-h-t.
]q-a-{- n ]d-n-c n- p coXn-tbm-Sp-I qSn
bmsXm-cp- Cl-tem-I-]-c- tem-I- t`mK {]m]vXn-p-thn
kmwkm-cn-tIm--Xn-bpsS km[-\m-cq-]--fmb kIm-a-I-
- fns ]e- co- Xn-I- fn apgpIn hkn-p- pthm Ahn-
Zy-bn apgp-In--gn-bp Am-\n-I-fmb B a\p-jy
"R R-fpsS I-hy-sf ]menp Ign-n-cn-
pp'Fp Icp-Xp-p. B kmwkm-cnI I- -fn
apgp-In-bn-cn-p Bfp-Ip t`mK--fn AXyw
Bk-n-bp-m-Ip-p. CXp-Im-cWw Ah kmkm-cn-tIm-
-Xn-bn-te--msX \-bpsS t\tc ZrjvSn ]Xn-n-p-n-
. ]c-am-\--ns kap{Zw GtXm ]c-am-m-hm-sWpw
a\p-jy\v AXp {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-sa-p-ap hnhcw
Ahv Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-n-. AXn-\m Ah ]c-
am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-hm ]cn-{i-an- msX kZm ZpxJn-X-
cmbnocp-Ibpw ]pWy-I--fpsS ^ew Ah-km-\np
Ign-bptm Ah kzm-Zn-tem-I - -fn \npw Xmsg
]Xn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kwKXn Hp-IqSn
kv]jvS-ambn ]d-bpp
10. CjvSm-]qt a\y-am\m hcnjvTw
\m\y-vtdtbm thZ-bt {]aqVmx
\mIky ]rjvtT tX kpIrtX \p`qtXzaw
temIw lo\-Xcw hm hni-n.
AXyw aqV-mcpw t`mKm-k--cpamb B a\p-jy
thZw, kvarXn apX-emb imkv{X--fn kmwkm-cnI kpJ-
{]m-]vXn-mbn F{X-am{Xw km[-\-I-tf-n ]d-n-ptm
Ahsb k-t{ijvT Ieym-W-km[\I-fm-bn--cp-Xp-p.
A Xn- \ m A h- b n\n pw `n - a mbn A Xm- b Xv
]ctaizcs `P-\w, [ym\w, \njvma`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
I-hy-]m-e\ - w, ]c-a-]p-cp-j vXm-am-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn-\p-
thn Xo{hXtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp {]h\w apX-embn
F{Xtbm ]c-a-aw-K-f-{]-Z--fmb km[-\-I-fptm Ah-sb-
sbmpw Ah Adn-bp-t-bn; B Ieym-W-km-[- \-I-fpsS
t\sc eyta hbvp-n- . AXn-\m Ah X-fpsS
]pWy-I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb kztm-Iw- hs - c-
bp kpJ-sf t`mKn-nv ]pWy-ns bw kw`-hn-
p kabw hopw Cu a\p-jy-tem-I - n-tebvtm
AYhm CXnepw tami-amb iqI-cI - q-Ic
- m-Zn-tbm-\n-I-fntem
As-n cuc-hmZn tLmc-\-c-I--fntem ]Xn-p-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kmwkm-cnI t`mK-
-tfmSp hnc--cmb a\p-jy-cpsS BNm-c-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw Ah-
bpsS ^e-fpw hn-pp

I 11. X]x-{it tb lyp]-h-k-y-ctWy
imm hnZzmwtkm ss`y-]cymw Ncx
kqcy-Zzm-tcW tX hncPmx {]bmn
b{Xm-arXx k ]pcptjm lyhy-bm-m.
D]-cyp--amb t`mKm-k - -cmb a\p-jy-cn \npw
bmsXm-cp- `n-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm a\p- jy- i-co-c-ns
alXzw {Kln-n-p--Xp-Im-cWw bmsXm-cp-s Ax-I-
c-W-n ]c-am--XXzw Adn-bp--Xn\pw ]c-ta-iz-cs\
{]m]n-p--Xn\pw D C DWs-gp-tp-pthm
Ah Hcp ]t h\-n hkn-p hm\-{]-t\m
im- kz- `m-h- tm-Sp- Iq- Snb hnZzm\pw kZm- Nm- cn-bp-amb Krl-
t\m AYhm `n-hmn Pohn-p {_-Nm-cntbm
kym-kntbm Bbnsms, Ah \nc-- c-amb X]-
p-sImpw `n-sImpw tkh\w A\p-jT v n-p-sIm-n-
cn- p-p. AXm-bXv Ah-c- h-cpsS hhpw B{i-ahpw ]cn-
X- n-Xnbpw A#p-k-cnv bmsXmcp kabw bmsXmcp
Ihyw Dm-I p- pthm Ahsb imkv{X- ns
B-b-\p-k-cnp bmsXmcp hn[-amb A`n-em-j-fpw
IqSmsX ]men-p-sImp Pohn-p-Ibpw kwb-a-\-tm-Sp-
IqSn ia-Z-am-Zn-km-[-\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb k--m-cm-bnv ]c-a-
`-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--
Xn\pw D km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-cmbn Pohn-p-p. AXp-
sImv Xtam- c- tPm- Kp-W--fpsS hnIm-c--fn\npw k-
Ym-iq-\yhpw \n-e-hp-amb kXz-Kp-W- n nXn-sN-p-
-Xp-amb kqcy-tem-I-nqSn Ah-cpsS ]c-a-{]m]y
Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw \nXy\pw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb ]c-a-]p-cpj
]pcp-tjm--as \nhm-k--e-tbvp t]mIp-p.
kw_- w- B ]c-{_--]c - -ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp- -Xn\pw
{]m]n-p--Xn-\pw-thn a\p-jy Fp-sN-Ww? AtX-
n hnh-cn-pp
12. ]coy temIm I-Nn-Xm {_mtWm
\nth-Z-am-bm-m-kvXy-IrXx IrtX\
XZzn-m-\mw k Kpcp-ta-hm-`n-K-tOXv
kan-Xv]m-Wnx t{im{Xnbw {_-\n-jvTw.
kzw ku`mKyw Bin-p- a\p-jy BZyw ]d-n-
cn-p I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb Cu temI-n-
tebpw ]c-tem-I-n-tebpw ka-kX v -kpJtfbpw \-Xp-
t]mse ]co-n-nv AXm-bXv hnth-I-]qw Ah-bpsS
A\n-Xy-Xbpw ZpxJ-kz-cq-]hpw {Klnv Fm-hn-[--fn-ep-
ap t`mKfn\npw kYm hnc--\m-bn-o-c-Ww.
Im-hns Al-m-c-]q-amb kIm-a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn
sN-s-Sp Iw A\nXy ^es sNp-Xpw XYm
kzbw A\n-Xyhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m bmsXm-cp-
{Inbm-km-[y- \-m-Xn- cn-p-pthm A-s\- bp \nXy- ]-c- ta-
iz-cs\ Ahp {]m]n-phm km[n-p-n-. CXp-hn-Nm-
cnv B Pnmkp ]c-am-m-hns hmkvX-hnI XXz-
N P
81
m\w {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Ic--fn kanpw K
FSpv `n-hn-\-b-`m-h--tfm-S p-IqSn thZ-c-l-ky-sf
\m-bn--dn-bp--h\pw ]c-am-m-hn nXn-sN-p--h-h-
\p-amb kZvKp-cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n--Ww.
kw_w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p e-W--tfm-Sp-
Iq-Snb GsX-nepw injy Kpcp-hns ASp- hcn-I-
bm-sW-n Kpcp Fp-sN-Ww? CXp-kw-_-np ]d-
bpp
13. Xkvssa k hnZzm-\p-]-k-mb kayIv
{]im--Nn-mb iam-\zn-Xm-b.
tb\m-cw ]pcpjw thZ-kXyw
t{]mhmN Xmw XztXm {_-hn-Zymw.
thZ-\pw {_-\n-jT v - \p-amb B alm-mhv Xs
icWw {]m]n-n-cn-p Nnw ]q-ambn imhpw
\nn--hp-am-bn--gn-n-cn-p injy\v kmwkm-cn-I-
t`mKfn XnIpw hnc--\m-bn-o-X p-Im-c-Ww,
bmsXm-cp-s lrZ-b - n bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb Nn-
Ifpw hymIp-eX - - Ifpw hnIm-c-fpw Ah-ti-jn-n-n-tbm
bmsXm- cp- ia-Z-amZn km[-\m-k- -- \m-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-cp- Xs a\-,v _pn, C{n-b - Chsb
\mbn \nb-{nv kzm[o- \-am-n-bn-cn-p- pthm B {_-
hn-Zysb XXz-hn-th-N-\m-]qw a\-n-emn Ah\v D]-tZ-
in- p-sIm-Sp- - Ww. Xm- cWw B injy\v \nXy\pw Ahn-
\m- in-bp- amb ]c-{_--]p-cp-tjm- -as m\w {]m]n- p-
hm Ign-bpw.
ZznXo-b -ap-W vU Iw
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw
kw_w {]Y-a-ap-WvU-I - nse ZznXo-b-J-WU v -n
A]-c-hn-Zy-bpsS cq]hpw ^e-fpw ]d-X - n-\p-tijw
AXns Xp-Xsb ImWn-p-sImv AXn\np hnc--
cm-bn-cn--W-sa Imcyw ]d-nv ]c-hnZy ]Tn-p--Xn\v
kZvKp- cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n--W-sapw ]d-p. C\n ]c-
hn-Zysb hn-p--Xn-\p {]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p-p.
1. XtZ-X-Xyw bYm kpZo-]vXm-Xv]m-h-ImZv
hnkv^p-enwKmx
kl-kvdix {]`-ht kcq]mx
XYm--cmZv hnhn[mx tkmay `mhmx
{]Pm-bt X{X ssNhm-]n-b-n.
AwKn-c-p-a-ljn ]d- bp- p. {]nb-s iu\-Im, Rm
\nv BZyta ]c-{_--]c - -ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s
hn-p- sImp bmsXmcp clkyw ]d- p-X-n- cp-pthm
AXp kYm kXy-am-Ip-p. C\n AXn-s\s hopw
{Kln-n-p-p. {im-]qw {ihn-p-sIm-p-I. F{]-Imcw
Bfn--n-sm-n-cn-p An-bn\npw AXp-t]m-
 82

I se-Xs cq]-h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bbn-c-W

- -n\p 4. An-aq[m Npjo N{-kqcyu K
kv^penwK \mep-]mSpw NnX-dp-pthm AXp-t]m-se- Znix t{imt{X hmKv hnhr-Xm thZmx
Xs ]c-a-]p-cpj Ahn-\m-in-{_--n \npw krjvSn-
hmbpx {]mtWm lrZbw hniz-aky
Im- e
- n \m\m-{]-Im-c -n-ep `mh--tfm-Sp-Iq-S nb
aqhpw Aaq-hp-amb hkvXp- D-hn-p-Ibpw ]Zv`ymw ]rYnho tlyj k-`q-Xm--cm-m.
{]f-bm-I-me-n hopw At-l-ns eo\-am-Ip- ap a{--fn bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq-
Ibpw sNp-p. ChnsS `mhs {]I-S-am-p--Xn-\p ]-\mbn hn--s-n- cn-p- pthm At-l-n-t-Xp-X- s-
Imcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn-\mbn An-bp-tSbpw kv^penw-K- bmWv Cu {]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp PK-ns hncmSv
-fp-tSbpw ZrjvSmw \I-s-n-cn-p-p. kzcq-]w. Cu hncmSv kzcq]w At-l-ns An AXm-
bXv ZyptemIw akvX- Ihpw N{\pw kqcy\pw cp-t\-{X-
kw_w bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-ta- iz-c-\n\npw Cu
fpw kakvX Znp-I I-fpw \m\m-hn-[--fmb
PKv D-hn-nv hopw At-l-ns hneo-\-am-
O-p-I a{- - fpsS cq]- n hnkvXr-X-am-bn-cn-p
bn-o- cp-p. Ah kzbw Fs\ Fp hnh-cn- pp
\mep thZ-hm-Wn-Ifpw hmbp-{]m-W\pw kq-Nc - m-N-c-
2. Znthym lyaqx ]pcpjx P-Kv lrZ-bhpw ]rYzn At-l-ns ]mZfpw BIp-
k_m-lym-`y-tcm lyPx p. Cu ]c- {_ ]c-ta-iz-c kIe Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw A-
A{]mtWm lya\mx ipt{`m ly-cmXv cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hm-Ip-p.
]cXx ]cx kw_w B ]c-am-m-hn\npw Cu Ncm-Nc - -P-K-
B Znhy-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c-am-mhv \n-t-l-amb BIm- ns Dn GsXmw {Ia--fn kw`-hn-pp?
c-c-ln-X\pw AJn-eP - -K-n-tbpw AIpw ]pdpw ]cn- Cu {]iv\-n\v {]Im-cm-- c-ambn PK-Zp-X] v -n-bpsS {Iaw
]q\pw BIp-p. Atlw Pm-Zn-c-ln-X\pw hnip-\pw hnh- c n- p- p.
BWv; Fp-sIm-s- m At-l-n-\m-Is {]mW-\p-an- 5. Xkvam-Z-nx kant[m bky kqcyx
, C{n-b--fp-an-, a\-p-an-. At-l-n\v Ch-sbm-pw-
tkmamXv ]\y Hmj-[bx ]rYnhymw
Iq-SmsX Fmw sNp--Xn\p Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m k-
i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Ahn-\m-in-bmb Pohm-m-hn- ]qam tcXx knpXn tbmjn-Xmbmw
s\-mfpw AXyw t{ijvT\m-Ip-p. kYm D-a-\m- _lzox {]Pmx ]pcp-jmXv kw{]-kqXmx
Ip-p. ]c-ta- iz-c Cu PK-ns\ krjvSn--tm-sgms kZm
kw_w tad e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \ncm-Im- Htc coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-n-. As\ \nb-a-hp-an Atlw
c-\mb ]c- ta- iz- c-\n\npw Cu kmIm-c-Pv Fs\ D- Ftm Fs\ k-ev]n-p- pthm AtX-{]-Imcw AtX
hn-pp? Cu Pnm-kbvv At-l-ns k in- {Ia- n PKv D-hn-p-p. Cu `mhss
Xzs hn-pp kv]jvS-am-p--Xn\p ChnsS {]Imc hyXym-k-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb krjvSn-bpsS D-nsb hnh-cn-p-p. ]c-{_
3. GX-kvam-m-btX {]mtWm a\x ]pcp-tjm-- a-\n \npw k-{]-Y-a-ambn At-l- ns
kt-{n-bmWn N ANn-y-i-n-bpsS Hcw- i-amb Ap-XmKv\nXXzw Dm-
Jw hmbptPym-Xn-cm]x ]rYnho bn. AXns kanp (C\v[\w) kqcy-\m-Ipp; AXm-bXv
hniz-ky-[m-cn-Wo. kqcy-_nw-_-ns cq]-n AXp Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
p. AKv\nbn\npw N{- \p-m-bn, N{- \n\npw (kq-
B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a \ncm-Im-c\pw a\v C{n-
cy-c-ivan-bn\npw kqva-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-bvXn-
b- apX-emb Ic-W-ka - p-Zm-b--fn\npw kYm
cp Pe-n Aev]w ioXfX-bp-m-bXp Imc- Ww) taL-
cln-X\pw Bbn-cn-pp Fn-cp-mepw Fmw {]hn-
ap-m-bn. taL-n\npw hjw-aqew `qan-bn \m\m-
p--Xn\p ka\pw BWv. Cu k in-am-\mb
{]-Im- c-n- ep Huj- [nI Dm- bn. B Huj- [nIsf `n-
]c-{_--]pcptjm-a-\n\n-p-X- s krjvSnIme-
-Xn\n-p-mb hocys ]pcp- j Xs h- n- ep
{]mW, a\v (A-x-Ic - -Ww), kq C{n-b -
kv{Xobn Xfn--tm Ah-fn\npw km\w Dm-bn.
Chbpw BIm-iw, hmbp, tXP-,v Pew Fm Poh-Pm-e--
Cs\ ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c- ta-iz-c-\n \npw Cu \m\m-
tfbpw hln-p ]rYzn Cu ]-a-lm-`q-X-fpw Fmw
{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap Ncm-N-c-Po-hn-I D-hn-p.
D-hn-p-p.
kw_- w- -C-{]-Imcw Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw D-n- {I-
kw_w C{]-Imcw Npcp--n ]c-ta-iz-c-\n as hnh-cn-nv C\n Ah-bpsS Fm c- b v pw-thn
\npw kqva-X- Xz--fpsS D-n-sb- n ]d-nv C\n sN-s-tS bm-ZnIfpw Ah-bpsS km[-\-Ifpw ^e-
PK-n `K-hms hncmSv kzcq]w Zin-p--Xn-\p fpw AtX ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\npw {]I-S-am-Ipp F
{]Im- c- ]d-bpp Imcyhpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

N P
 83

I 6. Xkvam-ZrNx kma bPpwjn Zom b--fpsS hnj-bc K

- q-]--fmb Ggp kan-p-Ifpw Ggp-{]-
bm kth {IXthm Zn-Wm Im-c-a--fn-ep lh-\hpw AXm-bXv _mly-hn-jb cq]-
-fmb kan-p-If - psS C{nb cq]-am-Ip An-bn
kwh--c bP-am-\ temIm
\nt-]-cq-]{- In-bbpw Cu C{n-b - -fpsS hmk-m-\-cq-
tkmtam b{X ]htX b{X. kqcyx ]-amb k]vX- tem-I - fpw AXn hkn-nv Cu C{n-bc - q-
B ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\n-p-Xs EtKz- Z-nse a{- fpw ]-am-Ip k]vX- {]m-W AXm-Xn-t-Xmb Imcy- \nh-
kma-th-Z- nse a{- fpw bPpth-Z-nse {ipXn-Ifpw ln-p-p. \n{Zm-k-abw a\-n-t\m-Sp-IqSn Hm-bnv lrZ-b-
AXp-t]mse bm-Zn-I--fpsS Zobpw Fm-hn-[- cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn ibn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu Ggn-
n- ep-ap b-fpw {IXp-fpw Ahbvp \evI-s- t-Xmb kap-Zmbw ]c-ta-iz-c-Zzmcm AJne Pohn-I-fnepw
Sp Zn-W-Ifpw Atlw sNbvXn-cnp Cu kwh- m]n--s-n-cn-p-p.
-c-cq-]-am-Ip Imes Ahsb sNp--Xn-\p A[n- kw_- w- -C-{]-Imcw Bym-nI hkvXp--fpsS Dev-
Im-cn-bmb bP-am-\t- \bpw Ah-bpsS ^e-kz-cq-]--fmb nbpw nXnbpw ]c-ta-iz-c-\n\n-p-Xs Fp {Kln-
kqcy\pw N{\pw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p temI- fpw n-nv ]noSv PK-ns D-nbpw At-l-n\n-
Ch-sbmw Dm-bn-cn-p-p. p-Xs Fp ]d-p-sImv {]I-c-Ws D]-kw-l-cn-
kw_-w-- C\n tZhm- ZnIfpsS hyXym-k-fpw Fm kZm- p-p.
Nm-c-fpw AtX-{_--n\npw D-hn-p. AXns\ 9. AXx kap{Zm Knc-b kth
hnh-cn-p-p.
kvamy-t knhx kh-cq]mx
7. Xkvam tZhm _lp[m kw{]-kqXmx AX khm Hmj-[tbm ck
km[ym a\pjymx ]ithm hbmwkn tbss\j `qssX-kvXn-jvTtX ly-cm-m.
{]mWm-]m\u {holn-bhu X]
Cu ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw kakvX kap-{Z-fpw ]-
{im kXyw {_-Ncyw hn[n-. X- fpw D-hn-p. CXn\npw ]pd-s-v. At\-Im-Ir-Xn-
B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \np-Xs hkp, cp{Z I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \Zn-I {]h-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ct-l-
BZn-bmbn At\Iw {]Im-c--fn-ep tZh-K-W- D- n\n-p-Xs ka-kvX-Hu-j-[n-Ifpw ck-fpw D-
hn-p. At-l-n\n-p-Xs km[y-K-W-fpw ]e-hn- -am-bn-cn-p-p. Xm-c-W-m ]pjvS-amb ico-c - -
[-n-ep a\p-jycpw hn`n PmXn arK-fpw \m\m-Xcw fn AJn-e-n-tbpw A\-- cm- m-hmb B ]c- ta-iz- c,
]n-Ifpw AXp-t]mse ap-Po-h-Pm- e-fpw Dm-bn. Fm- B Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Bm--tfm-Spw-IqSn AXm-Xp-I-
n- tbpw Poh-cq-]-amb {]mW\pw A]m- \\pw AXp-t]mse fpsS lrZ-b--fn hkn-p-p.
kIe Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Blm-c-cq-] - -fmb ]e-hn[ [ym\- kw_- w- B ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw Fm D-hn--Xp-
fpw Dm-bn. At-l-n \np Xs X]w, `n, Im-cWw Ah-sbmw Xs At-l-ns kzcq-]-am-Ip-
kXyw, {_-Ncyw Ch {]I-S-am-bn. bmZn I- p. C{Xbpw ]dv At- ls Adn-bp-- Xp-sIm- p-m-
\S-p- -Xn-\p hn[n-Ifpw B ]c-ta- iz- c-\n \np-Xs Ip ^es {Kln-n-p-sImv Cu JWvUs kam-
{]I- S- am-bn. Fmw At- l- n \npw D- hn-p. Atlw ]n-n-pp
Xs AJn-e - n-tbpw ImcWw Fp Xmev]-cyw.
10. ]pcpj GthZw hnizw-I Xt]m-{_ ]cm-
8. k]vX {]mWmx {]`-hn XkvamXv ar-X w. GXtZym thZ-\n-l nXw Kplmbmw tkm
k]vXmnjx kan[x k]vX tlmamx hnZym{Knw hnIn-cn-Xol tkmay.
k]vX Cta temIm tbjp Ncn {]mWm X]v AXm-bXv kwb-a-cq] km[-\, Iw AXm-bXv
Kplm-ibm \nlnXmx k]vX k]vX. _mly km[-\-hg- n-bmbn \S--s-Sp IrXyw, ]c-am-arX
AtX ]c- ta-iz-c-\n\npw Ggp {]mW\pw AXm- bXv {_w Ch-sbmw ]c-a-]p-cpj ]pcp-tjm--a Xs-
hnj-b-sf {]Im- in-n- p--Xn\p hntijin-bp Ggv bm-Ip-p. {]nb-iu-\-I, lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn Hfn-
- I-, Xzv, t\{Xw, ck-\, {]mW n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs\ bmsXm-cp-
C{n-b
AXp-t]mse hmWnbpw a\pw a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp C{n- Xncn- -d n-b p- pthm Ah Cu a\p-j y- i -c o-c -
b--fpsS tI, kv]in-, izkn-, kwkm-cn- ns Ahn- Zym- P-\n-X-amb Ax-I-c-W-ns sIp-
, a\\w sN C{]-Im-c-ap Ggp hrn-Ifpw AXm- Isf XIp-I-f-bp- p. AXm- bXv Fm {]Im-c-n- ep-ap
bXv hnj- bs {Kln- n- p--Xn- \p in-Ifpw B C{n- kwi-b--fnepw {`afn-epw-\np cln-X-\mbn ]c-{_--
b--fpsS hnj-b-cq-]--fmb Ggp kvanp-Ifpw B C{n- ]p-cp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-p-p.

N P

I ZznXob Jw
1. Bhnx kw\n-lnXw Kplm-Ncw \ma al-Xv]-Za - -
ss{X-X--anXw GP-Xv{]m-W -n-an-j btZ-
X-m-\Y kZ-k-Zz-tcWyw ]cw hnPvRm-\m-Zy-Zz-
cnjvTw {]Pm-\mw.
k-i-n-am\pw k-\pw k-hym-]n-bp-amb
]c-ta-iz-c {]Im-i-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AJne Poh-Pm-e--fpsS
AXyw kao-]v Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-cq- ]-am-Ip Kpl-bn
Hfn-n-cn-p Imc-Ww-sIm-p-Xs Atlw Kp]vXN - -
c F-t]-cn {]kn--\m-bn-on-cn-p-p. F{X-
am{Xw Cf-Ip-Xpw Nen-p-Xpw izkn-p-Xpw I-S-
bvp-Xpw Xpd-p--Xp-amb Pohn-I-fptm Ah-sb-m-
n-tbpw kap-Zmbw Cu ]c-ta-iz-c-\ns nXn-
sN-p-p. AJn- e-n-tbpw A{i-b-m\w Cu ]c-m-
hm-Ip-p. \n Ct-l s Adn-b p-hn. Ctlw
kpw Akpw AXm-bXv Imcyhpw Imc-ahpw AXp-
t]mse {]I-Shpw A{]-I-Shpw Fm-am-Ip-p. Fm hn[-
nepw hc-W-tbm-Kyhpw AXyw t{ijvThpw XYm ka-
kvX-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw _pnv Apdhpw BIp-p; AXm-
bXv _pn-Zzm-cm-A-PvtR-b-am-Ip-p.
kw_- w- -AtX ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-csc XXzs a\-
n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn hopw At-l-ns kzcq-
]s ap hmp-If - nqSn hn-p-p
2. bZn- a - Z y- W pt`ymWp N bkv a nw- t mIm
\nlnXm temIn-\- . XtZ-X -Z- cw {_ k
{]mW-k vX -Zp-h m-Mva\x XtZ-X - Xyw XZ-arXw
XtZz-hyw tkmay-hn-n.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-c AXyw tZZo]yam\
{]Im-i-cq-]-am-Ip-pthm bmsXmp kqva-nepw AXn-
kq- va -am-bn-cn-p- p-thm-am\ {]mIm-i-cq-]-am- Ip-pthm
bmsXmp kqva-nepw AXn-kq-- a-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-n ka-kX v -tem-I-fpw AXp-I-fnse Fm Poh-
Pm-e - fpw nXn-sN-p-pthm AXm-XXv Ch-sbmw
bmsXm-ns\ B{i- bn-n- cn- p- pshm AXp-Xs Fm- n-
tbpw Poh ZmXm-hmb {]mW, AXp-Xs Fm-n-
tbpw hmWnbpw a\kvkpw AXm-bXv AJn-e-P-K-n-
tbpw C{n-b-fpw Ax-I-c-W-cq-]-n {]I-S-am-bn-cn-
p--Xpw. AXp-Xs ]c-a-c-k-Xy-hpw--A-ar-Xhpw Ahn-\m-
in-bmb XXzhpw BIp-p. {]nb-s iu\-I, t`Zn--s-
Sp-hm tbmKy-amb B eys \o t`Zn-p,-A-Xm-bXv
C\n ]d-b-s-Sp {]Im-c--fnqSn km[-\-sNbvXv X-
b- am-bn-o-cp.
kw_- w- -e-ys t`Zn-p--Xn\v Apw hnpw
thWw. AXn-\m Cu cq]-I- ns ]q-X-b
v p-thn
Fm kma-{Kn-I-tfbpw hn-p-p.
N P
84
3. [\p-Kr--lo-Xzu-]-\n-jZw alm{kw K
icw lyp]m-km-\n-inXw kw[-boX
Bbay XZv `mhKtX\ tNXkm
eyw XtZ-hm-cw tkmay hnn.
F{]-Imcw Hcp _mWs ey-n-te--b - p--Xn-
\p-ap-mbn AXns ap\sb NmW-bn Dcp aq-Iq-p-
Ibpw AXn-tep Xpcp-p-I Fmw Ifv DPvPz-
ebpw Xnf-hpw D-Xm-n-op-Ibpw sNp-pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs B-cq-]-am-Ip ics D]m-k-\-
Zzmcm \n- ehpw ip-hp- amn AXns\ {]W-h-cq- ]- am-Ip
[\p-kk v n \mbn sXmSp-p-hn-SWw; AXm-bXv Bm-
hns\ {]Whns Dm-cWnepw AXns A-cq-
]-amb ]c-am-Xva-Nn--bnepw kay-m-b-hn-[-n hym]r-
X-am--Ww. AXn-\ p-tijw bmsXm-cp-h n-[ - n [\p-
kvkns\ k- i-n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn henp _mWs ey-
n-t e- p- h n- S p- pthm Xm- c -W - m AXn\p
eys ]q-ambpw t`Zn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. AtX-
{]-Im-cw-Xs ChnsS `mh-]qNn-tm-Sp-IqSn HmwIm-
c- ns Dm- c Ww AXy- [ nIw \onbpw AXns
As {]Km-V-ambn kpZoL-Imew Nnn-p--
Xn\pw ]d-bs - -n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv Bmhv \nn-X-
cq-]-tm- Sp- IqSn Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-am-m-hn {]th- in-p-
Ibpw AXp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv Ahn-N- e- nXn {]m]n-
p-Ibpw sNpw. HmwIm-c - ns t{]a-]q-a m-bp
Dm-c-Whpw AXp-t]mse AXns A-cq-]a - mb ]c-am-
m-hns {]Km-V-amb Nnbpw At-ls {]m]n-p--
Xn-\p ktm--a-amb D]m-b-am-Ip-p.
kw_w ]q-a-{-n]-d cq]-Is ChnsS
kv]jvS-am-p-p.
4. {]Wthm [\px itcm lymm {_
X- y-a p-NytX
A{]-a-t\ thhyw ic-h--tbm `th-Xv.
apI-fn ]d cq]-I-n ]c-ta-iz-cs hmN-I-amb
{]Whw (Hmw-Im-cw) [\ppw Cu Pohm-mhp icochpw
]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c eyhpw BIp-p. X]-c-X-tbm-
Sp-IqSn At-ls D]m-kn-p km[-I hgn-bmbn
am{Xta B eyw t`Zn- - s- Sp-hm km[n- p-p- q. AXn-
\m tl tkmay, \n\p ]qtm--amb cq]-n B
eys t`Znp _mW-t-tm-se-Xs AXn X-b-
am-bn-o-c-Ww.
kw_- w- -hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s hn-p-
sImv {]am-Z-c-ln-X\pw hnc--\p-ambn AXns\ {Kln-p-
-Xn-\p-thn {ipXn ]d-bp-p.
5. bkvan Zyux ]rYnho Nm-cn
tamXw a\x kl {]mssW kssx

I Xta-sshIw Pm\Y Bm-\-a\ym
hmtNm hnapYm-ar-Xsskyj tkXpx.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn kzhpw ]rYznbpw
Ah-bpsS CS-bvp kq BIm-ihpw AXp-t]mse
kakvX {]mW\pw C{n-bb - p--amb a\pw _pn-cq-]-
amb Ax-I-c- Whpw Fmw DuSpw-]mhpw t]mse- bm- Ip-p,
AtX GI km-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \o ]qtm--
amb D]m-b-Zzmcm Adn-bq. asm Imcy--tf-bpw, {Kmay-
N-I-sf, kYm Dt]-np If-bq. Ch-sbmw \ns
km[-\-Ip XS---fm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ah-tbmSp
kYm hnc--\mbn km[-\-I-fn X-c-\m-bn-o-cp-I.
CXp-Xs Aar-X- ns ]mew AXm-b-Xv, kwkm-c-k-ap-{Z-
nqSn A-sc-I-Sv Aar-X-kz-cq-]a - mb ]c-am-m-
hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ]mew.
kw_w hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]s hn-p-
sImv AXns {]m]vXn-m-bp km[-\-I-sf-n ]d-bp-
p.
6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u kwlXm b{X \mUyx
k GtjmctX _lp[m Pmb-am\x
Hman-tXyhw [ymbY Bm\w
kzkvXn hx ]mcmb Xakx ]c-kvXm-Xv.
F{]-Imcw cY-N-{I-ns tI{-n IW-m-ep-I
LSn-n-n-cn-p-pthm AtX-{]-Im-c-n ico-c-ns
Fm \mUn-Ifpw bmsXmcp lrZ-b-n GI{X nX-am-
bn-cn-p-pthm AtX lrZ-b-n \m\m cq]--fn {]I-
S-am-p ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhv A-cym-an-cq-]-n hkn-
p-p. Ch-sb-m-n-tbpw Bmhv ]pcp-tjm--as
"Hmw' Imc-ns Dm-c-W-tm- Sp-IqSn \nc-- c-ambn [ym\n-
p-sImp hkn-q. C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns HmwIm-c-P-
]hpw AXns A-`q-X-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\n-p-
sImv hkn-p--Xn\npw \n B ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p-h m ka-c m-b n- o-c pw. bmsXm-c p-
Am-\m- -Im-c-n\npw kYm AXo-X-\mbpw
kwkm- c - k m- K - c - ns A - s cbpw Bbn- c n- pw.
"\np awK-f-ap-m-Is' C{]-Imcw BNm-cy D]-
cyp hn[n-If - m km[\ A\p-jvTn-p injymsc
Bio-Zn-p-p.
kw_w hopw ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]ss
hn-p-p.
7. bx kx kh-hnZv bsskyj
aln-am-`qhn
Znthy {_-]ptc tlyj thymav\ymm
{]Xn-j vT nXx
at\m-abx {]mW-i-co-c-t\Xm
{]XnjvTn tXmt lrZbw kw\n-[n-bmb
N P
85
XZzn-m-t\\ ]cn-]-iyn [ocm K
B\--cq-]-a-arXw bZv hn`m-Xn.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_w ]c-ta-iz- c k-\pw Fm-
a-dn-bp--h\pw Fm-`m-K-p-ap Fm-n-t\bpw \m-
bn--dn-bp--h\pw BIp-p, AXm-bXv tZi-Im-e - At-
l-ns m\- i-nsb _m[n-p-n-. At-l- ns
B-cy-a-lna PK-n {]Xy-- am-W.v AJn-e-n- tbpw
Bm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c ]c-a-thymaw F \ma-m
{]kn--amb Znhym-Im-i-cq-]-amb {_-tem-I-n kzcq-
]- h m- \ mbn nXn-s N- p- p. Fm Pohn-I - f p- tSbpw
{]mW\pw ico-chpw \nb-{n-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu ]c-ta-
iz-c a\-n hym]n-n-cn-p--Xp-sImv at\m-a-b
Fp hnfn--s-Sp-p. Fm PohnIfptSbpw lrZ-b-I-a-e-
n\m{ibw \In-smv A-a-b-amb qe-i-co-c-
n {]Xn-jT v n-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. B\--a-b-\mbn Ahn-\m-
in-bmbn k{X {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p B ]c-{_-
s _pn-am-m-cmb BfpI hnm\w hgn-bmbn
{]XysSp-n-sm-n-cn-p-p.
kw_- w- -C\n ]c-am-m-hns m\-^ew ]d-bp-p.
8. `nZytX lrZ-b-{Kn ivOnZyt
k-kw-i bmx
obt Nmky ImWn XkvanZrjvtS
]cm-h -tc.
Imcy- Im-cW kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-am ]pcp- tjm- - as
XXzs {KlnpXn-\p-ta, Cu PU-i-co-css
X-fpsS kzcq-]-sap hniz-kn-p PohnIfpsS lrZ-
b-nse Ahn-Zym-cq-]-amb sI-gnp t]mIp-p. am{X- a-
, Ah-cpsS Fm kwi-b-fpw Ap-t]m-Ibpw kakvX
ip`m-ip-`-I-fpw \in-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv
B Pohn Fm _-\ - -fn \npw ap-\m-bnv ]c-am-
\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p-p.
kw_w B ]c-{_--ns m\w, kzcq-]w, alna
Chsb hn-p-p.
9. lncatb ]tc tImti hncPw
{_ \njvIew
Xvip{`w tPymXnjmw tPymXn-kvX-Zy-Zm--
hntZm-h nZpx
\n-e\pw \nn-Im-c\pw Ah-b-h-c-ln-X\pw Bb
AJ-WU v -]-c-am-mhv {]Im-i-a-b-amb ]c-am-[-a-n hncm-
Pn-p-p. Atlw kYm hnip-\pw Fm {]Im-i-bp-
--fmb ]Zm--fp-Sbpw {]Im-ihpw BIp- p. At-
ls B- m- \n- I- fmb alm-m- am{Xw Adn- bp- .p
10. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw
t\am hnZyptXm `mn ItXmbanx
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw
Xky `mkm k-anZw hn`m-Xn.

I B kzbw-{]-Imiw ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs
kao]w kqcy {]Im-in-p-n-. kqcy-{]-Im-k-n
anm-an-\p-ns {]Imkw ep]vXa - m-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]mse
kqcy-tX- Ppw B Ako-a-tX-P-kk v ns apn \njv{]-`-
am-bn- o-c p-p. N{\pw Xmcm-K-W - fpw hnZyppw
AhnsS {]Im-i n- p- n- , ]ns Cu temI- nse
AnbpsS Imcyw Fn\p ]d- bp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m
{]Ir-X-P-K-n {]Imi kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX - - Xz--sf-
mw-X s ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs {]Im-i -i-n-bpsS
Awis e`n- n- p- {]- Im- in- p- p. Ahbvv X- fpsS {]Im-
i- Isc kao]w X-fpsS {]Imiw Fs\ hym]n-n- p-
hm Ignbpw? Cu kq-P-Kv PK-Zm-Xm-am-hmb ]pcp-
tjm--as {]Im-i-n\npw AYhm {]Im-i-ns
Hcp p{ZmwkwsImp {]Im-inp sImn-cn-p-p.
""{_ss-th-Z-a-arZw ]pc-kvXm-Zv{_ ]m
Zv{_lva ZnW-X-tm-t- cW
A[tm[zw N {]krXw {_lvssa-thZw
hniz-anZw hcn-jvTw.
Cu a{-n ]c-am-m-hns k-hym-]I - X
- bpw
k-cq-]-Xbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. Cu Aa-c-cq-]-
\mb ]c-{_ ]c-amm-hp-Xs apnepw ]nnepw
CSpw hepw Dnepw ]pdpw apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw
k{X hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Cu hniz-{_-la v m--ns
cq]-n Cu k-t{ijvT {_lvaw ImW-s-p-sIm-n-
cn- p- p.
XrXo-b -ap-W vU Iw
{]Y-a-ImWvUw
1. Zzm kp]m kbpPm kJmbm
kam\w hrw ]cn-j-kz-PmtX
Xtbm-c-\ymx-]n-ew kzmZz-y
\iv\-t\ym A`n-Nm-I -io-Xn.
KoX-bn F{]-Imcw PK-ns\ Aiz--hr--ambn
hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs Cu a{-
n ico-cs hS-hr--ambpw Pohm-m-hn-t\bpw ]c-
am-m-hn-t\bpw ]n-bpsS cq]-ambpw hn-n-cn-p-p.
CXp- t]mse Xs-bp h\w ItTm- ]- \n-j-nepw Kpl-
bn {]hn-jvS-amb {]Im-ihpw Ombbpw F t]cn
hn-p-v. Bibw cp--epw {]mtbW Hp-X-s.
Cu a\pjyicocw hrwt]m-se-bm-Ip-p. Cuiz-c \pw
Pohm-mhpw kZm Hn- p-hk - n-p- cp Iqp-]-n-I-
fm-Ip-p. Ah ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Cu hr-n Hn-
p-X-s lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip s]mn \nh-kn-p-p. Cu
cn Hmb Pohm-mhv B hr- ns ^e-cq-]-amb
kzw I-^-e-sf AXm-bXv {]mc-_v[m-\p-k-c-W-ambn
{]m]vX--fm-Ip kpJ-Zpx-J-sf Bk-n-tbmSpw hntZz-
N P
86
j-tm-Spw-IqSn A\p-`-hn-p-p.ASp-Xp Cuiz-c B
K
I-^-e--tfm-Spw-IqSn A\p-`-hn- p-p. ASp- Xp Cuiz-
c B I-^-e - -tfmSv bmsXmcp {]Im-c-nepw tei-
am-{X-am-bn-tmepw _w-]p-emsX tIhew Ip-sIm-
p-am- {X-an-cn-p-p.
2. kamt\ hrt ]pcptjm \natm
\oibm timNXn aply-am\x
PqjvSw bZm ]iy-Xy-\y-ao-i
aky aln-am-\-anXn hoXtimIx.
t\cs hn--s-n-cp ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Htc-hr-
-n lrZ-bm-Ip amf-n hkn-p Cu Pohm-
mhv XtmSp-IqSn hkn-p ]c-a-kp-lr-mb ]c-ta-
iz-cs\ t\mm-sXbpw ico-c-ns Bk--\mbn
AXns \na--\mbn AXm-bXv ico-c-tmSv At`Zy-
amb aa-X-]p-en AXp-hgn e`y-am-Ip t`mK-kp-J-sf
A\p-`- hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- -Xp-hsc Ak-a-cq- ]-amb Zo\-
X-bn tamln-X-ambn \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep ZpxJ-sf
A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. `K-h Ir]-bm Xn
\npw `nhpw \nXyhpw Xs kao-]-p-Xs hkn-p-
-h\pw ]c-a-k-lr-Zb - \pw ]c-a-{]n-b\pw `-m-cm
tkhn-X-\p-amb Cuiz-c-t\bpw PK-n `n-`n--co-Xn-I-
fn {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p At-l - ns B-cy-
a-bn-b mb aln-a-tbbpw {]Xy--am-b -\ p-`-hn- ptm
Ah XWw Xs timI-c-ln-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w Cuiz-c-kz-cq-]s hn-p-sImv At-
ls Xncn--dn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^es hn-
p-p.
3. bZm ]iyx ]iytX cpIva-hw
Im-caoiw ]pcpjw {_-tbm-\nw.
XZm hnZzm ]pWy-]mt] hn[qb
\ncRvP\x ]caw kmay-ap-ss]-Xn.
ap ]d coXn-bn ]c-ta-iz-c-s B-cy-a-bn-bmb
aln-ab- psS t\tc ZrjvSn-]-Xn-n-p-sImv At-l-n- \-`n-
ap-J-am-bn-tm-Ip Pohm-mhv AJn-e-n-tbpw \nb-
mhpw {_m-hns t]mepw BZn-Im-c-W\pw kq
PK-ns\ krjvSn--h\pw Bb Znhy-{]-Imi kzcq] ]c-a-
]pcpj]-c- ta-iz-cs\ kmmXv- cn-ptm Ah Xs
]pWy-]m-]-I- sf kaqew \in-nv Ah-bn\npw
kYm _-c-ln-X-\mbn ]c-a-\ne\mbn ]c-a-]p-cp-
js\ {]m]n-p-p.
4. {]mtWm tlyj bx k-`q-ssXhn-`mXn
hnPm-\ hnZzm `htX \mXn-hmZo
B-{IoU B-cXnx {Inbmhm
t\j {_-hnZzmw hcnjvTx
 87

I k-hym-]n-bmb Cu ]c-ta-iz-cXs AJn-e-n- kXyw hnP-bn-pp; Iw hnP-bn-p-n-. ]c-am- K

tbpw {]mW-\m-Ipp; ico-c - ns Fm tNjvS-Ifpw
mhv kXy-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m At-ls {]m]n-
{]mW aqew kw`-hn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs hniz-n p--Xn\v a\p-jy-cn kXys {]Xn-jvTn-Ww Fp
Fmw Cu ]c-am-m-hns in-sImp kw`-hn-p-sIm- Xm-cyw. ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn\v kXyw A\n-
n-cn-p-p. Fm Pohn-I-fnepw At-l-ns {]Imiw hm-cy-amb Hcp km[-\-bm-Wv. AXp-t]mse temI-n ap
Dv. At-lhpw B Pohn-If - nIqSn {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-
Imcy--fnepw kXyw al-mbn hnP-bn-p-p. anYym-`m-
cn-p-p. Cu kwKXn {Kln-np m\nIfmb `- j-Ww, Zw`v, Im]Syw Ch sImv D-Xnsb B{K-ln-p-
m Hcn-epw Al- m-c-tm-Sp-IqSn s]cp- am- dp-n-. Fp-
-h Ahkm\w \ncm-i-cm-bn-o-cp-p. anYym-`m-j-Ww,
sIm-s- m Ahs Dn k-hym-]-I-\mb B ]c- anYym- N-cWw Ch kXy-ns ad- hn \S- p--Xp-sImv
ta-iz-cs in nXn-sN-pp F-h-\-dn-bp-p. ]ns Nne Ah-bn GXmp kXy-ns Awi-ap-sp
Ah-s\-n-\l - --cn-pp? Ah-\m-Is temI-\--bvp-
hniz-kn-p-p. AXn\npw Ahv Wn-I-amb
thn `K-h-Zm-m-\p-k-cWw Xs hm-{i-a-n--\p- Aev]-kzev]w em`w Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
Iq-e-am-bn-p I-sf A\p-jvTn-p-sImv Fm-n- AXns ]cn-Wmaw ip`-am-bn-cn-p-n-. Ah-km\w kXyw
tbpw Bm-hmb A-cyman `K-hm-\n {IoUn-p-p. kXy-ambpw Ifhp If-hmbpw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
Ah kZm `K-hm-\p-ambn can-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. C-AXn-\m _pn-am-m kXy`mj-Wt- bpw kZm-Nm-c-
s\-bp `K-h- Zv`- {_-m-\nIfn AXn-t{i-jvT\m- tbpw kzmb--am-p-p. Fp-sIm- s- m t`mK- hm-
Ip-p. KoX-bnepw hmkp-tZ-h-cq-]s Zin-p m\n- k-\-I \jvS-s aljn-K-W- IS-p-t]mb amw
I-fmb `-msc alm-m- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. FhnsS Ah-km-\n-n-cn-p-pthm AhnsS ]ca [ma-amb
kw_w B ]c- am- m- hns {]m]vXn-p km[-\-Isf ]c-am- mhv nXn-sN- p-p. AXv ]ca tZh ]c- am-m- hns\
hnh-cn-pp {]m]n-p--Xn-\p km[-\m-cq-]hpw kXy-m ]cn-
]q-hp-amb tZh-bm-\-am-am-Ip-p. AXn Ak-Xy-`m-
5. ktXy\ e`y-kvX-]km tlyj Bm
j-Wh - pw, Zw`pw Im]-Syhpw Bb Ak-Zm-NW - -p
kayKv mt\\ {_-N-tcy-W-\nXyw m\-a n-.
Ax-i-cotc tPymXntbm ln ipt{`m
kw_-w-- D-]-cyp---fmb km[-\IfnqSn {]m]yam
bw ]iy-n-b-Xbx oW-tZm-jmx. -Ip ]c-am-m-hns kzcq-]s hopw hn-pp
AJn- e - n-tbpw ico-cm-`m-K-p, lrZ-b- n, 7. _rl XZv Znhy-a-Nn-y-cq]w
hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p ]c-a-hn-ip-\pw {]Im-i-a mb
kqvam Xq-va-Xcw hn`mXn
m\-kz-cq-]- \p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Fm tZmj-
-fn\npw cln-X-\mb {]b-Xv\-io-e-\mb km[-I\p ZpcmXv kpZqtc XZn-lm-ntI N
am{Xta Adn-bp-hm km[n-q. kZm kXy-`m-jWw X]-- ]iyzn sslh \nlnXw Kplm-bmw.
cy, kwb-aw, kzm-Xym-Kw, {_-N-cy-]m-e\w Ch-bn
]c-{_--]-c-am- mhv Fm- n-t\mfpw alm\pw
\np-- am-Ip bYm m\w hgn- am-{Xta B ]c-
Znhy\pw Aeu-In-I\pw ANny kzcq-]\pw BIpp;
am- m-hns\ {]m]n-p- hm Ignbp-p-q. CXn- s\mw hncp-
AXm-bXv At-l-ns kzcq]w a\-p-hgn Nnn--s-
-ambn bmsXm-cp- t`mK--fn Bk--\mbpw t`mK-
Sp-hm Ign-bp--X-. AXn-\m ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-
-fpsS {]m]vXn-p-thn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep anYym-`m-j-
- Xn\v a\p-jy {i- tbmSpw `n-tbm-Spw-IqSn ]qIYnX-
W- \S-nbpw Bk-n-h-im \nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap
amb km[-\-I-fn hym]r-X- cm-bn-cn--Ww. B ]c-am-mhv
Xs hocys cn-p-hm Ign-hn-m-sXbpw Ign-bp
ANn-y\pw AXp-t]mse kqvan-Xm-kq-vahpw Bbn-cp-
kzm-]-cm-b-W-\mb Ahn-thIn a\p-jy B ]c-am-m-
npw km[-Is lrZ-b - n Xs kzcq-]s kzbw
hns\ A\p- `-hn-p-n- . Fp-sIm- s- m Ah At-
{]Im-in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]c-am-mhv k{X ]cn-
ls Bin-p--tX-bn-.
]q-\m- Ip-p. Atlw Cm Hcp-m-\hpw Hcn- Spw
kw_- w- -]q-av\-tm---fmb km[-\-I-fn kXy- Ah-ti-jn-p-n-. AXn- \m \mw Fhn-Sw-hsc Zqcs
ns alna hnh-cn-p-p. Adn-bp-pthm Atlw AXn-\-p-dhpw \psS Ghpw
6. kXy-tah PbXn \m\rXw kao-]pw Dnsbpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fn-\-[n-Iw, ImWp-hcnsemw Xs Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-
ktXy\ ]m hnXtXm tZh-bm\x
kz-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-If - n Atlw Hfnn-cn-p-p.
tb\m-{I-a- r-jtbm lym]vX-Imam
AXp-sImv At-ls At\z- jnp asm-cn-Sp t]mtI
b{X XXv kXyky ]caw \n[m-\w. Bh-iy-an-.

N P
 88

I 8. \ Np-jm-Kr-lytX \m]n hmNm Xw Xw temIw PbtX Xmw Imamw K

\mss\ytZ sshkvX-]km IWm hm kvXkvam-Zm- w lytbZv `qXn-Imax
m\-{]-k m-tZ\ hnip--k-Xz hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy t`mK-
kvXXkvXp Xw ]iytX \njvIew [ymbam\x -fn\npw kYm hnc--\mbn \n-e-amb Ax-
I-c-W-tmsS \nc--c-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ [ym\n-
B ]c-{_-s a\pjyv Ip-I-fm Zin-p-
p-p-s h- n Atm At-l s {]m]n- p-h m
hm km[y-a; am{X-a-, hmWn apX-emb an-{n-b-
Ah\p Ign-bp-p. Fm Ah kYm \njvm-a-\m-
aqehpw Atlw {Kln--s-Sp-n-. AXp-t]mse \m\m-hn-
bn-cn-p-n-s- n Fsmw temIm-`n-em-j--sf-n
[-n- ep-ap X]--cy-If - mtem I- -fmtem At-
Nnn- p-pthm A{]-Imcw GsXmw t`mK-sf Cn-p-
ls {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p--X-. Ah-b-h-c-ln-X\pw
pthm AXm-Xn-t-Xmb temI-sf Pbn--S-p-p, B
]c-a-hn-ip--\p-amb B ]c-am-m-hn-s\-bm-Is a\pjy
temI--fn t]mhp- Ibpw Ahn-Sp t`mK- sf {]m]n-p-
Fm t`mK-kp-J--fnepw \np apJw Xncn-,v B{K-l-c-ln-
Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m sFiz-cys A`n-e-jn-p
X-\mbn hnip--amb Ax-I-cWw hgn-bmbn \nc--c-ap
a\p-jy ico-c-n\npw `n-ambn Bm-hns\ Adn-
[ym\w-sImv m\- ns \n-e- X-bn IqSn Zin-p-
bp Ax-I-c-W-bp--amb hnthI ]pcp-js\ tkhn-p-
hm Ign-bp-p. AXn-\m B ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-
Ibpw kev-cn-p-Ibpw sN-s. Fp-sIm-s-m
hm Bsc-nepw B{K-ln-pp Fn Ah kwkm-
Ah X\n- p- th- nbpw ap- - hp- th- nbpw Fsmw
c- t`m- K - -f n\npw kYm hnc- - \ m-b n, Fm
B{K-ln- p-p- hthm AXv ]q-ambn `hn- p- p.
A`nemjfpw XyPnv GI-am-{X-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-
hns {]m]n- p- -X n\v At-l - ns Nn-
ZznXo- b -J WvU w
bns \na--cm-bn-cn--Ww.
kw_w ]q-{]-I-c-W-n hnip-m-x-I-cW-tm-
kw_w C\n B ]cn-ip ]c-am-mhv Fm lrZ-b-
Sp-Iq-Snb km[-Is Ign-hns\ hn-p--Xn-\p-thn
-fnepw hkn-p-p. Fm Fm Pohn-If - nepw At-
kwK-Xn-h-im A`n-em-j-]qn-bpsS Imcyw ]d-tb--
ls Fp-sIm- - dn- bp- n? ip- amb Ax- I-c-W- tm-
Xmbn hp. AXp-sImp \njvm- a-`m-hs {]iw-knpw
Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy F-dn-bpp? CtX-n hnh-cn-p-.p
kIm-a-`m-hs \nn-pw-sImv hopw {]I-cWw Bcw-
9. GtjmWpcmm tN-Xkm thZn-Xthym `n-p-p.
bkvan {]mWmx ][m kwhn-thi 1. k sshssZ-XXv ]caw {_-[m-a
{]mssW-nw k-tamXw {]Pm\mw b{X hnizw \nlnXw `mXn ip{`w
bkvan hnipt hn`-h-tXyj Bm. D]m-ktX ]pcpjw tb lyIm-a
bmsXmcp ico-c - n {]mW, A]m-\, hym\, kvtX ip{I-taX ZXn-hn [ocmx
kam-\, DZm-\ Cu Ap-co-Xn-I-fn-ep {]mW {]th-
Cs\ bmsXm-cp--\n Cu kq-amb PKv
inp {]hn- p-sIm- n- cn-p-pthm AtX ico- c-ns
nXn-sN-pp F {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-pthm B ]c-a-
Dn lrZ-b-ns ay`mK-mbn mXr-cq-]-n
hn-ip-\pw {]Im-k-a-b-[m-a-kz-cq-] -\p-amb ]c-{_--]-c -am-
Adn-b- s-Sp Cu kqva-amb Pohm-mhpw hkn- p-p.
m-hns\ ka-kX v -t`m-K--fn-ep-ap A`n-em-j-sf shdp-
Fm Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Fm Ax Ic-W-fpw
p-t]-nv \nc-cw At-ls [ym\np Ign-bp
{]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn tbmPnp hn-pp; AXm-bXv Cu
km[-I a\-n-em-p-p. bmsXm-cp- B ]c-am-m-
{]mW-t\bpw C{n-b--tfbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-- Xn-\p-m-
hns\ D]m- knp Ign-bp-pthm G{I-am-{X\mb At-l-s-
bn-p \m\m- {]- Im-c-n- ep t`mK- hm-k-\-I- fm aen- \hpw
s B{K-ln-p-pthm Ah ]q-\n-j v m-a-\m-bn-
p_v[-hp-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cm-c-W-m Fm
-gn-bpp F Imcyw \n-b-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-hn-[-n-
a\p-jypw ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-hm km[n-p-n-.
ep-ap A`n-emjfnepw Ahs a\v Ipcp-p-n-.
Ax-Ic - Ww hnip--am-bn--gn-m Pohm-mhv Fm
AXn-\m Ah Cu ctPm-abico-cs XyPnp Ign-bp-
{]Im-c-nepw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m t`mK--
p. Ah\p ]p\w Dm- Ip-n- . AXn-\m Ahs\
fn\npw hnc--\mbn ]c-am Nn-bn apgp-In-bn-cn-
_pn-am-s\p ]d-bp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m bmsXm-cp-
pp Fn Atm At- ls {]m]n-p-hm km[n-
kmc-h-kX v p-hn-\p-thn Akm-c-h-kvXp-sf XyPn-
p-p. adnv t`mKm-`n-emjfn Bk--am-bn-cn-pp
p-pthm Ah _pn-am-\m-Ip-p.
Fn B{K-ln-p t`mK-sf {]m]n-p-p.
kw_w C\n kIma ]pcp-js\ \nn-p-sImv apI-
10. bw bw temIw a\km kwhn-`mXn
fn ]d-np kwKXn kv]jvS-am-p-p.
hnip--kzx Ima-btX bmw Imam
N P

I 2. Imam bxIm-a-btX a\y-am\x
k Ima-`n PmbtX X{X X{X
]cym-]vXI
- m-aky IrXm--\ -kvX zn
sslh kth {]hn-eo-bn Imamx.
bmsXm- c p- t`mKsf BZ- c n- p- p-h thm
bmsXmcps ZrjvSn-bn Cu temI-n-tebpw ]c-tem-
I-n-tebpw t`mK- kpJ-tl-X p-I-f--fm-b n-cn- p-
pthm Ah t`mK-sf A`nejnp-Ibpw \m\m-{]-Im-
c-nep B{K-l- Imc-W-am-bn- s Fhn-s S-
sbmw t`mK e`y-am-Ip-hm km[n-ptam Ahn-sS-
sbmw Im-\p-k-cWw P\n- p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
bmsXm-cp- `K-hm-s\-s B{K-ln-p-pthm Cu
PK-ns kpJ-t`mKsf shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn hon- p-I-
gn-bp-pthm B hnip--amb Ax-Ic - -W-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
`s Fm A`n-em-j-fpw Cu ico- c-nXs hneo-
\- am-bn- o-cp-p. kz]v\-ntmepw Ahs ZrjvSn t`mK-
-fpsS t\tc Db-cp-n- . X^-e-ambn Ah\p ac-Wm-\-
cw \ho\ Pw kzoI-cn-t--Xmbn hcp-n-. Ah
`K-hms\ {]m]np P\-\-a- cW _-\--fn \npw kZm
ap-\m-bn-o-cp- p.
kw_w Ign cp a{fn-embn `K-hms ]c-a-
{]n-b-cmb bmsXmcp `-m-sc-n hn-n-cn-p-pthm
Ahv ]c- am-m- hmb ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-a Zi\w
\Ip Imcyw C\n hnh-cn-p-p.
3. \mb-amm {]h-Nt- \\ et`ym
\ ta[bm \ _lp\m {iptX\
btasshj hrWptX tX\ e`y
kvXsskyj Bm hnhr-WptX X\pw kzmw.
bmsXm-cp- imkv{X-se ]Tn-nv Bth-i-]q-
amb {]`m-j-W- -fnqSn ]c-am-- X- Xzs \m\m-{]-Im-
c-n hn-p-pthm B X-io-e-\mb _pn-am\v
At-ls e`n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp- _pn-am-\m-
sW Al- m-c- m {]a--\mbn X- hgn hnth-
N\w \Sn At-ls a\-n-em-p--Xn\p {ian-p-
pthm Ah\pw At-ls a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-n-
. AXp-t]mse Xs ]c-am-- hn-j-b-n hf-sc-b-[nIw
tIp-Ibpw {in-p-Ibpw sNbvXnph\pw At-
ls {]m]n- p-h m Ign-b p- n- . bmsXm-c p-s\
Atlw kzbw kzoI-cn-p-pthm Ah\v At-ls
{]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. bmsXm-cp- At-ls
{]m]n-p--Xn\v DXv- S-amb C-tbm-Sp-Iq- Sn-bn-cn- p-pthm
bmsXm-cp-\v At-l-s-Iq-SmsX Pohn-p-hm km[y-
a-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Atlw Ah-sc-s kzoI-cn-p-
p. bmsXm-cp- Xs _pn-tbbpw km[-\Itfbpw
B{i-bn-msX At-l-ns Ir]sb am{Xw {]Xo-np
Ign- bp-pthm A-s\-bp Ir]m-\n`-c-\mb km[-Is
ta ]c-am-mhv Ir]-bp--h-\mbn Xs tbmK-am-b-bpsS
N P
89
ad-h-en-p-amn Ahs apn Xs kzcq]w {]Xy--s- K
Sp-n-m-Wn-p-p.
4. \mb-amm _e-lo-t\\ et`y
\ N {]am-Zm--]tkm hm]y-en-MvKm-Xv.
GssX-cp-]m-ssbb-XtX bkvXp hnZzmw
kvXsskyj Bm hnitX {_-[m-a.
Cu {]I-c-W-n ]d-n-cn-p AJn-e-n-tbpw
B-cq- ]- amb ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-cs\ D]m-k-\m- _- e- an-m
a\p-jy\p {]m]n- p-hm Ign- bp-n- . kakvX t`mK--tfm-
Sp-ap Bi-bp-t]-nv GI-am-{X-\mb ]c-am-m-hns
D-Sa - mb A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn \nc-cw hnip--`m-h-
tm-Sp-IqSn Xs CjvS-tZ-hs\ Nnn-p-Xv D]m-k-\m-
_-es k-bn--em-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap _e-m
cln-X-\m-b- h\v At- ls e`n- p-n-. CXp-t]m-se- Xs
Ihy XymK-cq-]a - m-Ip {]am-Zw-sImpw Atlw
{]m]y- \-m-Xm-bn- o-cp-p. AXp-t]mse kmXzn- I-e- - W- -
fm cln-X- amb kwbacq-]-X-]-p-sImv Hcp km[-I\p
{]m]n- p- h m Ign-b p- n- . Fm _pn-a m- \ mb
km[I ]qtm---fmb D]m-b--fnIqSn ]cn-{i-an-
v, AXm-bXv {]am-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn D- S-amb A`n- em-j-tm-
Sp-I qSn \nc-cw B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-k n-p- pthm
Ahs Bmhv ]c-{_-]-c-am-m-hn {]th-in-p-p.
kw_w ap]-d coXn-bn ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-
n-p alm-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS al-Xzs hn-p-p.
5. kw{]m-ss]y-\-ar-jtbm m\-Xr]vXmx
IrXm-mt\m hoX-cmKmx {]immx
tX kKw kh-Xx {]m]y [ocm
bpm-m\x k-ta-hm-hn-i-n.
hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw kYm
Bk-n-c-ln-X-cp-amb aljn-KWw apsNm coXn-bn
Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \mbn {]m]n-nv m\-
m Xr]vX-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Ahp bmsXmcphn[-n-
ep-ap A`m-h - ntbpw t_m[w Dm-Ip-n-. Ch
]q-Im-a-mcpw ]caim- m-cp-ambn Pohn-p-p. Ah
X- ms\ ]c- am-m-hp- ambn _- sv At-ls Fm
`mK- p- \npw {]m]np \nXy- {_- - n ]q-ambn {]hn-
jvS-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n alm-]p-cp-
j- m-c psS aln-asb hn- -tijw {_-t em-I-n-
tebvp t]mbn-p alm-]p- cp-j-m-cpsS apnsb hn-
p-p.
6. thZm hnm\ kp\n-n-Xmmx
kym-k-tbm-KmZv bXbx ip-kzmx
tX {_-tem-tIjp ]cm--Imte
]cm-arXmx ]cn-ap-Nyn kth.

I bmsXm-cp- thZm imkv{Xs kayIv m\-
Zzmcm AXns A-k z-c q-] -a mb ]c-a m- m-h ns\
\mbpw ZrV- ambpw a\-n-em-p-pthm XYm I-^-e-
n- tbpw Im-k-n-bp-tSbpw XymK-cq-]-tbm-K-cq-]-
tm-Sp-IqSn bmsXm-cp-s Ax-Ic - Ww XnIpw ip-
am-bn-o-cp-pthm A-s\-bp {]b-X\ v -io-ec
- mb km[-
I ac-W-Im-e-n ico-cs XyPnp ]c-{_ ]c-am-
m-hns Znhy-k-t- X-n {]th-in-p-Ibpw AhnsS ]c-
am-ar-X-kz-cq-]-\mbn kmwkm-c-_--\-n \npw \nXy-
ambn apn {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kw_- w- -bm-sXm-cp-s ]c-am {]m]vXn CtX ico-c-
ns Dm-Ip-p. Ay-Im-ev Ah-s nXn
F-s\-bp--Xm-bn-cnpw? Cu B{K- l-n\p adp-]Sn ]d-
bpp
7. KXmx Ipemx ]-Zi
- -{]-XnjvTm
tZhm kth {]Xn-tZ-h-Xmkp!
ImWn hnm-\-ab Bm
]tchytb kh GIo-`-h-n.
B alm ]pcp-js tZlmy ka-bv ]Xn-\p Ie-
Ifpw a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Fm tZh-X-Ifpw Ch-sbmw
AXm-Xp-I-fpsS tI{-i-n-I-fntmbn nXn-sN-p-p.
Athm- Sp-IqSn B Poh-p-\p bmsXmcp _- fpw Ah-
ti-jn-p-n-. A\-cw Ahs kakvX I-fpw
hnm-\-a-b-amb Pohm-mhpw Fmw ]ca Ahn-\m-in-
bmb ]c-{_--n eo\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w Pohm-mhp ]c- {_- - n F{]-Imcw eo\am-
Ipp? Cmcyw hnh-cn-p-p.
8. bYm \Zyx ky-am\mx kapt{Z
kvXw Kn \ma-cqt] hnlmb
XYm hnZzm \ma-cq-]mZv hnapx
]cm-Xv]cw ]pcp-j-ap-ss]Xn Znhyw.
Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p \Zn- I Ah-bpsS \ma-cq-]-
Fmw XyPnv F{]- Imcw kap-{Z- n ebn-p-tN-cp-pthm
A-s\- Xs m\n- I \ma- cq-]-c-ln- X-cmbn ]cm-]c Znhy
]pcp-j- \mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn eo\-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
9. k tbm l ssh XXv]-caw {_ thZ {_ss ap\n-amsc \a-k
h `hXn \mkym-{_--hn-XvIpte `h-Xn. XcXn kqNn-n-p-p.
timIw XcXn ]m]v a m\w Kplm- { K- nt`ym
hnaptmartXm `h-Xn.
bmsXm-cp- B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-
pthm Ah {_w Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. Ahs
hwi- n, AXm-bXv Ahs km- \- - fn Bcpw-Xs
{_s Adn-bm--h-cmbn ImWp-Ib - n-. Ah Fm
{]Im-c-n-ep-ap timI--fn\npw Nn- I-fn\npw
N P
90
kYm AIp Pohn-p-p. Fm ]m]-k--b--
K
fn\npw ]q-ambpw IS- p- t]m- Ip- p. lrZ-b- n-ep
Fm kwib-fpw Al-mcfpw hnj-bm-k-n-Ifpw
thtcmsS \in-nv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; P\\ ac-W-c-ln-
X-\m- bn-o-cp- p.
kw_- w- Cu {_-hn-Zy-bpsS Ah-Im-insb hn-
p-p.
XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`yp-w
10. {Inbm-hx t{im{Xnbm {_-\njvTmx
kzbw PplzX GIjnw {i-bx
tXjm tasshXmw {_-hnZymw htZX
intcm-{hXw hn[n-h-ssZykvXp Now.
bmsXm-ns\ Cu D]-\n-j-n hn-n-cn-p- pthm
B {_-hn-Zysb kw_-nv Hcp Imcyw a{- Zzmcm hy-
am- n-bn- cn-p- p. bmsXm-cp- Xs h-n\pw B{i-
a-n\pw ]cn-X-n-Xnpw A\p-k-c-Wa - mbn \njvIm-a-`m-
h-tmsS bYm-tbmKyw I- A\pjvTnp-pthm
thZ-nse bYm cl-ky-sf Adn- bp-Ibpw ]c- {_
]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXns
Pnm-kp-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- kzbw
""GIjn'' F \ma-m {]kn--amb t{]mz-en-Xm-n-
bn imkv{X-hn-[n-b\ - p-k-cnv {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn lh\w
sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp- hn[n-{]-Imcw {_-Ncyw
]men-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\p-am{Xw Cu {_-hnZy D]-tZ-
in-p- sIm- Sp- -Ww.
11. XtZ-X Xv kXy-ar-j n-c -Mv Kn-c mxh ]ptcm-hmN
ss\X-Z-No-{htXm[otX. \ax ]c-a-Ej - nt`ym
\ax ]c-a-Ej - n-`yx.
{_-hn-Zym-cq-]a
- m-Ip Cu kXys BZyw AwKn-
cp aljn apI-fn ]d-n-cnpw {]Imcw iu\-Ia - -
ljnv D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-p. bmsXm-cp- hn[n-
]qw {_-N-cys ]men-p-n-tbm Ah\v CXp ]Tn-
p-hm km[n-p-n-. AXm-bXv CXns KqVmw
{Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. alm-ap-\n-amp \a-k
v mcw,
alm-ap-\n-amp \a-kvm-cw. C{]-Imcw c-p{]m-hiyw
v -cn-p-sImv {K-ns Ays
imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx
nssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\q-
`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
 91

I kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!! K

]pjm hniz-thZmx
CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
sImSp-n-p-v.
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kX v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp.

1 amqtIym- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn- ] mTw fnqSn Ncn-p- hm km[n- p-p. AXn- \m Ah- tcmSpw
{]mn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-bn- cn-pw). AJne temI--fnepw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
kpb-it- m-Sp-Iq-Snb tZh-cm-P C{, k--\mb
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx
]pjm, Acn-jSv -\n-hm-c-I-\mb Xmy, (K-cp-U) _pn-
nssc-c-MvssK-kvX p-j vS phmw cm-P-\mb _rl-k] v Xn Cu Fm tZh-X-Ifpw `K-hms
kkvX\ - q-`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx Znhy-hn- `q-Xn-I BIp- p. Ch Ftmgpw \psS sFizcy
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x s hn-n--tW. Ch-cpsS Ir]- bm \apv Ftmgpw
]pjm hniz-thZmx awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn--tW. Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx ssZ- hn- Ihpw B[n`uXn- Ihpw Bbp Fm Xm]-pw
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kX v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp. imn Dm-I-tW.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!! 1. Hman-tXy-Z
- -c-anZw kw Xtkym-]h - ym-Jym\w
Kpcp-Ip- e- n hnZy A`y-kn-p injy Xs Kpcp, `qXw `h-Zv`h
- n-jy-ZnXn k-tam-mc Gh. bm-
kl-]m-Tn, am\-h-Ipew Chp awK-f-ap-m- Ip- -Xn-\p tZh- \yXv {XnIm-em-XoXw XZ-t]ym-mc Gh.
X-I-tfmSp {]mn-p-p. tl tZh-K-W-tf! R Cu D]- \n- j-n ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns ka{K cq]-
kzw I- -f nqSn awK-f -I -c -a mb hN-\ - X- Xzs {Kln- n- p-- Xn\v At-ls \mep ]mZ-- fmbn
tI- tW. \n, apJ- kX v p-Xn, Ak`yw AXp- t]m-ep ap k-ev]n-n-cn-p-p. \ma-n-tbpw \man-bp-tSbpw GI-
]m]-I-c--fmb kwK-Xn-I Ch R-fpsS I--fn Xsb {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xn\p {]W-h-ns A, D, av Cu
]Xn-m-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS kzw PohnXw bmK-]-cm- aqp am{X-I-tfmSpw am{Xm- c-ln-X-amb At-l- ns Ahy-
b-Wa - mbn `hn--tW. R kZm `K-hZ- m-cm-[-\-I-fn -cq-]-tmSpw IqSn ]c-{_ ]ctaizcs Hmtcm ]mZ-
hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--tW. I-sImp {ihn--am{Xw n\p XpeyX ImWn--s-n-cn-p-p. C{]Imcw Cu a{-
sNmsX t\{X-sImpw kZm awK-f-I- sf n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hns HmwIm-c-am-Ip \mas
Zi\w sN-tW. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-f-Im-cn-tbm \mi-n- ka-{K-]p-cp-tjm--a-\n \npw A`n--am-bn--cpXn "Hmw'
tep ]Xn-p-sIm-n-cn- p- tXm Bb ImgvN-I R F Cu Acw Xs ]q-{_-hpw Ahn-\m- in-bmb
Zin-m-Xn-cn-- tW. R- fpsS Fm Ah-b-h-fpw kpZr- ]c- am-mhpw Fp ]d- b- s-n-cn- p-p. {]Xy-- ambn ImW-
Vhpw AXy-[nIw ]pjvS-hp-am-bn-o-c-tW. R-fpsS s-S p Cu PU-tN-X -\ -I-fpsS kap-Zm-b -cq-]-am-Ip
PohnXw t`mK-hn-em-k--fnepw {]am-Z--fnepw IqSn IS-p- kq-P-Kv At-l-ns \nI-S-X- a-amb aln-a-bpsS
t]m-Im- Xn-cn- - tW. `K- hm\p {]tbm-P-\-I-c- am-I---hn- [- n- \nZi-\-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp qehpw kqva-hp-amb
ep Bbpp Rp e`n--tW. (tZ-h-I \psS PKv D-hn-nv At-l-ns hneo-\-am-bn--gn-
Fm C{n-b - -fnepw hym]nv AXns kwc--Whpw p-thm-bm-sXmv Cu kabw h-am-\-am-bn-c n-p-
kwNm-e-\hpw \S-p-p. Ah-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-p--Xp- pthm bmsXmv At- l-n\npw Dm- Ip-hm-\n-cn-p-
sImv \psS C{n-b - v kpK-a-ambn km-- pthm Ah-sbmw HmwIm-cw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv

N P

I ]c-{_--]-c-am- mhp Xs-bm-Ip- p. AXp-t]mse
bmsXmv {XnIm-e-pw AXo-X-ambn CXn\npw
`n-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXpw HmwImcw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv Imc-Ww, kqvaw, qew Cu aqp t`Z--
tfmSpw IqSnb PKpw CXns\ hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
]c-{_-- ns bmsXm-cwiw CXns B-cq-]-nepw
B[m-c-cq-]-nepw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm ]c-am-
m-hns B kzcq]w A{X Xs-b; Atlw AXn-
t\m thdn-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv At-l-ns
k]vj-S-am-bn-cn-p Awihpw AXn--Xo-X- ambn as-s-
m-aptm AsXmw IqSn-bm am{Xta ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-
hns ka-{K-amb cq]-am-Ip-p-q.
bmsXm-cp- ]c-{_-s kmIm-c-amtbm \ncm-Im-c-
atbm AYhm kYm \nhn-ti-j-amtbm am{Xw Icp-Xp-
pthm At-ls k--X, km-[m-c-X, k-Im-
c-W-X, B\-w, hnm\w apX-emb kKp-W--fm
ks\p {Kln- m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Ahscmw B ]c-
{_- - ns Hmtcmtcm Awi-s-am{Xw ]c-am-m-hmbn
{Kln-p-p. ]q-{_ ]c-am-mhp kmIm-c\pw \ncm-
Im- c\pw BIp-p. AXp-t]m- se-Xs kmImc \cm-Imc cq]-
cn\npw cln-X\pw BIp-p. ]q-cq-]-tm-
Sp-Iq-Snb Cu PKv At-l-ns Xs kzcq-]-am-Ip-
p. Fm Atlw CXn\npw kYm `n\pw
BIp-p. Atlw k-Kp-W-cl - n-X\pw \nhn-ti-j\pw
k-Kp-W-k--\pw Bbn-cp-n-p-IqSn At-ls
kmw-K-]q-s\p KWn-p-p.
kw_w Fmw HmwIm-c-am-Ip--sX- s\? AtX-n
]d-bp-p.
2. kw tlyXZv {_m-b-amm {_tkm
bamm NXp-jv]m-Xv.
Cu kq-amb PKv {_-n\npw Hpw-
Xs `n-amb H- . Fmw {_hpw HmwImcw AXns
\mahpw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw \man-b n\npw A`n-hpw
BIp-p. Cmcyw BZy- a-{- nXs ]d-p-I- gn-n-
cn-pp; Fp-sIm-s- m Cu ]q-{]-]w B ]c-
{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs ico-chpw Atlw CXns A-cym-
an-bmb Bmhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m B km-m-hp-
Xs {_-am-Ip-p. B ]c-am-mhp apt ]d-- t]mse
\mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p. hmkvX-h-n AJ-
WvU\pw \nc- h-b-h- \p- amb B ]c-{_--]- c- am- m- hns\ \mep
]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- Fp ]d-bpXp icn-b - . Fn-
cp-mepw At-ls ka-{K-cq-]-n hymJym-\n-p-Xv
At-l-ns kv]jvS-X-bpsS {]Im-c-t`-Z-sf {ipXnI
fn ]e m\pw \mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h Fp
hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-p-v. AtX ho-W-ns Chn-
sSbpw {ipXn ]dbp-p.
N P
92
3. PmK-cn-X
- mt\m _ln-jv{]x k]vXmMvK K
GtIm-\ - h nw-i -X n-apJx qe-` p-Kvs sh- i zm-\ cx
{]Yax ]mZx
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn\v B \mep ]mZ- Fs\
F{]-Imcw Dmbn? Cu Imcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn\p Pohm-
m-hn-sbpw AXns qe-kq-va-Im-cW ico-c--fp-
tSbpw DZm-l-cWw hgn B ]c-am-m-hns ]mZ--fpsS
h\ {Ia-ambn sNp-p. Ah-bn BZy-]m-Zs Cu
a{- n hn-n-cn-p-p. F{]-Imcw Pm{K-Z-h- -bn
Cu qeicoc-ns Alw-Im-cn-bmb Pohm-mhv inc-
p-ap-X ]mZw hsc Ggv AwK--fm bp-ambn qe-
hn- j-b-sf D]-t`m-Kn-p- -Xn- \p Zzmc-cq-]-- fmb ]n-
{n- b- fpw Ap-{]m-W\pw \mev AxIcW-fpw C{]-
Imcw B ]sm]Xp apJfnqSn hnjbsf
A\p-`-hn- p-I bpw AXns Adnhp _mly-P-K- n
hym]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
Xs k]vX- temI cq]fm-Ip k]vXmwKfpw C{nb
kaq- l hpw {]mW\pw A x- I - c - W hpw Cs\
]sm]Xp apJ--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu qe-P-K-{Zp-]-am-
Ip ico-c- ns Bmhv bmsXm-cp- Fm tZh- X-
Ifpw ]nXrfpw a\p-jycpw Bb kakvX Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw
t{]c-I\pw kzman-bp-am-b-Xp-Im-cWw Cu qe PK-ns
mXmhpw t`mm-hp-am-bn-cn- p-pthm bmsXm-cp- s
{]Im-i\w Cu {_m-WU v -n kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
pthm AXv k-cq] sshizm-\-c-\mb B ]c-{_ ]c-
ta-iz-cs Hm-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.
Cu hniz-tbpw AXnse a\p-jy-tcbpw Iqn sshizm-
\-cy Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu hypev]n A\p-k- cnv qe-
P-{Zp] ico-ct- m-Sp-Iq-Snb k-cq-]\
- mb PK-Zo-iz-cs\
ChnsS sshizm-\-c Fp hnfn-p-p.
4. kz]v\-mt\mx {]x k]vXmwK GtIm-
\- h nw- i - X n- a pJx {]hn- h n- - ` pIv ssXPtkm
ZznXobx ]mZx
Cu a{-n ]q-{_ ]c-am-m-hns cm-
as ]mZs hn-p-p. F{]-Imcw kz]v\m-h--
bn kqv a-i-co-c-ns A`n-am-\n-bmb Pohm-mhv
t\ct ]d--Xp-t]mse kqva--fmb Ggw-K--tfmSv
]sm]Xp apJ--tfm-Spw-IqSn kqva hnj-b - sf
D]t`mKw sNp-Ibpw AXns AXns m\w
hym]n-n-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AtX {]Imcw Xs
bmsXmv qem-h- -bn \np `n-ambn kqva-cq-]-
n ]cn-W-anp k]vX-tem-I-cq-]a
- b k]vXmw-K-fpw
XYm C{n- b w, {]mW , A - I x- I - c - W - c q- ] - a mb
]sm]Xp apJ--fm bp-amb kqva PK-{Zp-]-am-
Ip ico-c-n nXn-sN-p AXns Bmhv lnc-
Wy-K`-am-Ip-p. AXv kakvX PU-tN-X-\m--I - -fmb
kqva-P-K-ns ka-kvX-X-Xz--fp-tSbpw \nb-mhpw
mXmhpw AJn-e-tbpw Xn-tebvv {]thinn-p-

I sIm-n-cn-p--h-\p-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXns t`mm
hpw ]cn-N-b
- m-c\pw Fp ]d-bs- -Sp-p. Cu tXPv
AXm-b-Xv kqva-{]-Im-i-amb lncWy K`w B ]q
{_ ]c-am-m-hns cm-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.
5. b{X-kp]vtXm \ I\ Imaw Ima-btX
\ I\
kz]v\w ]iyXn Xpjp]vXw.
kpjp-] vX - m\ GIo
`qXx {]m-\-L\ Ghm-\--atbm
lym\ `pIv
tNtXm-apJx {]m-kvXr-Xobx ]mZx.
Cu a{- n Pm{K-Z-h--bpsS Imc-Ww, ebm-h
cq]-amb kpjp]vXn Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]f-b-Im-e-n nX-
amb PK- ns kam-\-Xsb ImWn- p--Xn\p thn BZy-
ambn kp{]-kn--amb kpjp-]X v y-h- -bpsS eWw ]d-
np ]noSp ]q-{_ ]c-am-m-hns aqm-as
]mZw hn--s-Sp-p. bmsXm-c-h--bn Dd-n-sm-
n-cn-p a\p-jy bmsXm-cp-hn[ t`mK-tfm B{K-l-
tfm A\p- `- h- tfm {]m]n-m-cn- Xn-cn- p-pthm AXp-t]m-
se-Xs bmsXm-cp-X-c-n-epap kz]v\-fpw ImWm-Xn-
cn-p-pthm A-s\-bp B Ah-sb kpjp-]vXn-
sbp ]d-bp-p. Cu kpjp-]X v np kZr-i-ambn bmsXm
pw {]f-b-Im-e - n PK-ns Imc-Wm-h--bm-bn-cp-
pthm bmsXm- n \m\m "cq]' fpsS {]kv]-jvSX Cm-
Xn-cn-p-pthm A-s\-bp Ahy {]Ir-Xn-Xs
bmsXm-ns ico-c-am- bn-cp-pthm AXp-t]mse bmsXmv
AZzn-Xob cq]-n nX-am-bn-cp-pthm D]-\n-j-p-I-
fn bmsXm-ns h\w Nne-bn-Sv "kXv' F
t]cnepw ap-Nn-eb - n-Sv Bm-sh t]cnepw {]I-S-am-Ip-
pthm bmsXm-ns GI-am-{X-tN-X\ ({]-Im-iw) Xs
apJ-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw B\w Xs t`mP- \-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm B hnm-\m-a - mb {]m Xs B
]q {_-ns aqm-as ]mZ-am-Ip--X.v
kw_w apIfn ]d-n-cn-p {_-ns ]mZ-
-fmb sshizm-\-cw, ssXP-kw, {]mw Ch BcpsS
t]cm-Ip-p. CXns\ hnh-cn- p-p.
6. Gj kth-izc Gj k Gtjmcym-
tayj tbm\nx kky {]`m- h m-] ybu ln
`qXm-\mw.
bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c aqp ]mZ--fpsS cq]-n
hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm Atlw kq Cuiz-c-
tbpw Cuiz-c BIp-p. Atlw Xs k-\pw
Fm-n-tbpw A-cym-an-bp-am-bn-cn-p-p. Atlw Xs
AJne PK-n-tbpw Imc-W-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-
s- m Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw D-nbpw nXnbpw
ebhpw Bb m\w Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. A]q-
hn-X--fmb sshizm-\-cw, ssXP-kw, {]mw Ch-
N P
93
sbmw ]c-ta-iz-cs \ma- Xs-bm-Ip-p. {]tXyIw K
{]tXyIw nXn- I-fn At-l-ns h\w `n `n
\ma--fm sN-s-n-cn-p-p.
kw_w C\n ]q-{_ ]c- am-m-hns \mem-as
]mZs hn-p-p.
7. \mx-{]w \ _ln-j v {]w t\m`-b Xx
{]w \ {]m-\-L \w \ {]w \m{]-
w. AZr-jvS-a-hy-h-lm-cy-a-{Km-lya e-Wa - -
Nn- y-a-hy-] -tZ-i yta Im-{]-X y-bkmcw {]]-
tm- ] - i aw imw inh- a- s sZzXw NXpYw
a\yt k Bm k hnt-b:
Cu a{-n \nKpW \ncm-Im-c-\nhn-tij kzcq-
]s ]q- {_- - ]- c- am- m-hns \mem- as ]mZw Fp
]d- n-cn-p-p. bmsXm- ns m\w shfn- bn\npw
AI-p-\npw cp-h-i--fn \npw e`y-a-m-Xn-cn-p-
pthm bmsXmv m\-kz-cq-]-ambncnp-n-tbm Adn-
b-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-bn-cn-p-
n-tbm bmsXm-n-s\-n Nnn-p--Xn\pw ]d-bp--
Xn\pw km[y-a-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n\v bmsXmcp
e-W-hp-an-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n Fm {]]--
n-sbpw A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-n
GI-am{X ]c-{_ k-bpsS {]XoXn {]am-W-am-bn-cn-p-
p-thm--C-s\ kYm imhpw Ieym-W-a-b-hp-amb
AZzn-Xo-b-XXzw ]q- {_- -ns \mem- as ]mZw Fp
Icp-Xp-p. C{]- Imcw bmsXm-ns\ \mep ]mZ--fmbn hn`-
Pnv hn-n-cn-p-pthm Atlw ]q-]-c-{_--am-Ip-
p. At-l-s- s Adn-b-Ww.
hmkvX-h-n Ah-b -h-c-l n-X-\mb ]c-am-m-h n\v
bmsXmcp `mK-hp-an-sp kv]jvS-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp
]q-{_-] - -c-am-mhv qe-P-K-n ]cn-]q-\m-bn-
cn-p-pthm Atlw Xs kqvahpw Imc-W-P-K-
ns A-cym-anbpw A[n-jvTm-Xmhpw BIp-p. AXp-
t]mse Atlw Xs Ch-sb-m-n\npw thdnv
\nhn-tij ]c-am-m-hmbpw Ccn-p-p. Atlw k-
i-n-am\pw Fm in-I-fn\npw cln-X\pw BIp-p.
Atlw kKp-W\pw \nKp-W-\p-amWv; kmIm-c\pw \ncm-
Im-c-\p-am-Wv. hmkvX-h- n Atlw \psS _pnpw
Nnbvpw kYm AXo-X-\m-Ip-p.
kw_w ap]-d ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ hmN-I-
amb {]W-h-tm-Sp-IqSn GIo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp
8. tkmbam-m-y--c-tamw-Imtcm[nam{Xw ]mZm-
am{Xm am{Xm ]mZm AImc DImtcm aImc
CXn.
\mep ]mZ--tfm-Sp-IqSn hn--s-n-cn-p B ]c-
{_ ]c-am-m-hv, ChnsS A-c-ns {]I-c-W-n
Xs \ma-n\npw A`n--am-b-Xp-Im-cWw aqp-am-{X-
I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb HmwIm-c-am-Ip-p. A, D, av Cu aqp-am-{X-
 94

I I Xs At-l-ns D]-cyp--amb aqp-]m-Z-fpw CXpt]mse Xs sshizm- \- c-t\- m ssXPkw (ln-c-Wy- K

At-l-ns aqp ]mZ- Xs HmwIm- c- ns aqp- K`w) DXvIr-jSv hpw XYm sshiz-t\-c-tbpw {]m-bp-
am-{X-Ifpw BIp- p. F{]-Imcw HmwIm-c-n\p kzw am{X- tSbpw a[y-K- X- am- b- Xn- \m AXv D`b kw_-- Cbpw BIp-
I-fn\np thdn-n-cn-p-hm km[n-p-n-tbm AtX- {]- p. Cu kam-\X ImcWw Xs "D' "ssXPkw' F
Imcw Xs Xs ]mZ--fn\npw ]c-am-mhv thdnp t]cn ZzXob ]mZ-ambn ]d-bs - -Sp-p. Cu qe-P-K-
\np-n-. ChnsS ]mZ-n-tbpw am{X-bp-tSbpw GIX ns {]Xy--Xbvp ap]p ]ctaizcs BZn- k--ev]-
Hmmcw hgn-bmbn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-- Zzmcm bmsXmcp kqv akrjvSn D--am-bn-cp-pthm
Xn-\p-thn sN-s-n-cn-pp Cs\ tXmp-p. bmsXm-ns h\w am\-k-krjvSn F t]cn hcp-
pthm bmsXm-n kakvX XXz-fpw Xm-{X-If - psS
kw_w HmwIm-c-ns GXp-am-{Xbpw {_-ns
cq]-n hkn-p-pthm qe-cq-]- ]cn-W-an-m-
GXp-]m-Zhpw GI-cq-]-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp-sImv? CXn-
Xn-cn-p-p-thm, B kqva PK-{Zq-]-i-co-c-n tNX-\m-
\p-ta aqp- am-{X-I-fpsS clkyw a\-n-em-p--Xn\v {]Y-
{]-Im-i-kz-cq-]-ln-c-Wy-K` ]c-ta-iz-c CXns A[n-jT v m-
a-ambn BZy-]m-Z- n- tbpw BZy-am-{X-bp-tSbpw GI-Xsb
Xm-hmbn hkn-p-Ibpw Imc-W-P-Kpw qe-P-Kpw
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
Ch-c-nepw \np-Xs kqva PK-p-ambn L\n-jvS-
9. PmK-cn-X
- mt\m sshizm-\tcmImcx {]Yam am kw-_ w Dm-I p- p. AXn-\m Ah Imc-W hpw
{Xm]v t Xcm- Z n- a - zmZzm]v t \mXn l ssh kvYqehpw cp-cq]tfmSpw IqSn-b-h-bm-Ip-p. CXp-
khm Imam\m Zn-`-hXn b Ghw thZ. t]mse "D' hntbpw am\-kn-I-kr-jSv n-bpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-
]c- {_ ]c-am- m-hns \mam- - I- amb HmwImc-ns hmb ssXP- k-cq]w cm-as ]mZ-ns kam-\X hln-
BZy- am-{X-bmb "A' CXv temI-nep Fm t]cp- I-fnepw p-Xp ImcWw "D' Xs ]q-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs
AXm-bXv GsX-nepw As [z\n-n-p Fm cm-as ]mZw BIpp. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw "D'
hmp-I-fnepw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p. kzcw AYhm hy hnsbpw tXtPm-a- b-amb lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-n-tbpw kam-
\w bmsXmcp hhpw AIm-c-c-ln-X-am-bn-cn-p-n- \-X- bpsS cl-kys a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah kzbw
. Fm h--fnepw "A' Xs BZy-h-am-Ip-p. Cu PK-ns kqva-X- Xz-sf \-Xp-t]mse {]Xy--
CXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu qe PK-Zvcq-]-hn-cmSv ico-c-n s-Sp-p-p. CXp-Im-cWw Cu m\-ns ]c--csb
B sshizm- \-c-cq-]m--cyman ]c-ta-iz-c hym]vX-am- bn-cn- p- D-X-amn AXns\ hfn k{X ka-`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-
Ibpw hncmSv cq]-tm-Sp-IqSn BZyw kzbw {]I-S-am-Ip- Sn- b-h-\m-bn-o-cpp; Fp-sIm-s-m PK-ns
Ibpw sNbvX- Xp- Im- cWw Cu PK- ns BZnbpw Atlw kqva -X -X z-sf a\- n-em- n-b-Xp-I m-cWw AXns
Xs- bm- Ipp. C{]-Imcw "A' bpw "PKpw' t]mse {]Xy- bYm-c-lkyw _pn-bn hcp--Xn-\m AXns
-ambn ImW-s-Sp Cu qe PK-{Zp-]i - -co-c-n sshj-ay- \in- p- t]m-Ip-p. CXn-\m Ah- \n \npw
hym]n-n-cn-p sshizm-\-c Fp-t]-cp {]Ya ]mZ- P\n km-\--fn lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-\mb ]a-tc-iz-cs
ns GIX Dm-b-Xp-Im-cWw "A' Xs ]q-{_-- D]-cyp--amb cl-ky--f psS m\w Cm--h-cmbn
]-c-ta-iz-cs BZy-]m-Z-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp a\pjy C{]- Bcpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
Imcw AIm-c-tbpw hncmSv ico-c-ns Bm-hmb ]c- 11. kpjp-]vX-m\x {]mtm aIm-c-kvXr-Xobm
ta-iz-c s GI-X- tbbpw {Kln- p-pthm D]m-kn- p- am{Xm antX-c -]o-tXhm ant\mXn l hm CZw
pthm Ah Fm A`n-em-j--tfbpw AXm-bXv Cn-X- k-a-]o-Xn `hXn b Ghw thZ.
h-kvXp--tfbpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw temI-n k-am-\y-
]c-am-m-hns \ma--Ia - mb HmwIm-c-ns aqm-
\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.
as am{X-bmb "a' FXv "am' [mXp-hn\n-p--hn--
kw_w C\n cm-as ]mZ-tbpw cmw-am-{X- Xm-W.v "am' F [mXp-hns Aw Af-pI AXm-bXv
tbbpw Ah-bpsS GIo-I-c-W-tbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p. C hkvXp C{X-bpv Fp a\-n-em-p-Ib - m-Wv. Cu
10. kz]v\ - m-\ -k v s sX- P k DImtcm ZznXobm "a' HmwIm-c-ns An-a-am-{X-bmWv; "A' "D' Ch-bpsS
amt{Xm-XvIjm-Zp-`b - -Xzm-tZzm-XvIjXn l ssh ]nmse D-cn--s-Sp-p. Cm-c-W-m cn-sbpw
m\ kXnw kam-\ `hXn \mkym-{_- Afhv CXn hcp-p. AXn-\m CXv Ahsb \-Xp-
-hn-XvIpte `hXn b Ghw thZ. t]mse Adn-bp- p. AXp- t]mse "a' bpsS Dm- cWw sImv
apJw AS-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. "A' bpw "D' hpw cpw
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns \mam--I-amb Hmw Imc- AXn hneo-\-ambpw Xocpp; AXn-\m CXv B cp-am-
ns cm-as am{X-bmb "D' "A' sbm DXvIr-jSv - {X-I-tfbpw Ah-km\w hneo-\-am-p-Xpw BIp-p. CtX-
am-b-Xp-Im-cWw t{ijvThpw "A' bptSbpw "a' bptSbpw {]-Imcw Xs kpjp-]X v -m-\ob Imc-W- P-K- ns A[n-
CS-bv m-b- Xp- Im-cWw Ah cn-t\mSpw At`-Zy-amb kw_- jvTn-X m-hmb {]mbpw k--\m-Ip-p. qew,
- ap-X - m-Wv. AXn-\ m CXv D`b kzcq-] -am-Ip- p. kqvaw, ImcWw Cu aq-h-I - f
- nepw nXn-sN-
N P

I p PK-ns\ Adn-bp--h\pw BIp-p. Imc-W-P-K-
n\n-p-Xs qehpw kqva-hp-amb PK-p-
D-hn-p-Ibpw AXns Ah-bpsS eb\w kw`-hn-
p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw "a' bpsSbpw Imc-W-P-K-
ns A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb {]mPvR Fp-t]-cp aqm-
as ]mZ-n-sbpw kaXzw D-Xp-sImp "a' bpw
"{]m' kzcq-]-]c - -ta-iz-cs GI-X-sbbpw Adn-bp-
pthm Cu cl-kys {Kln-nv HmwIm-c-ns kvac-
Wm-Zzmcm ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Nnn-p-pthm Ah aqe-k-ln-
X-amb kq-P-K-ns\ \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-Ibpw
Fm-n-t\bpw hneo-\-am-p-Ibpw sNpp; AXm-bXv
Ahs _mly ZrjvSn Ah-km-\n-p- p. AXn-\ m
Ah k{X GI-]-c- {_ ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-s t\mn-
sm-n-cn-p--h- \m-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_- w- -am-{Xm-c-ln-X-amb HmwIm-c- ns \memw-]m-Z-
tm-Sp GIo-I-c-Ws {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-sImv Cu D]-\n-
j-ns\ D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
12. Aam-{X- XptYmhyh-l mcyx {]]-tm-] -
iax inthmssZzX Gh-tam- mc Bssh
kwhn-i-XymXv a\mm\w b Ghw thZ b
Ghw thZ.
]c-{_ ]c- am-m- hns \mam- - I- amb HmwIm- c- ns
am{Xm-c-ln-X- amb kwkm-c-n hcm--Xm-b, \ncm-Im-c-
kz-cq]w AXp a\-n\pw hmWnpw Ahn-j-ba - m-b-Xp-
sImp hyh-lm-c-n sImp- h- cp-hm k[y- a- m-Xpw
{]]--n\n-p- a-Xo-Xhpw Ieym-W- a-bhpw AZzn- Xo-bhpw
B \np-W-\n-cm-Im-c-cq-]-amb \mem-as ]mZ-am-Ip-p.
F{]-Imcw aqp-am-{X-I-fpsS t\c-t]dn-p aqp-
]m-Z--tfm- sSm-p kam- \-X-bp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm AtX-
{]-Imcw Xs HmwIm-c- \n-cm-Im-c-kz-cq-]-ns ]c-{_--]-
c- am-m-hns \nKp- W-\n-cm-Imc \nhn- ti- j-cq-]- amb \mem-
as ]mZ-tm-Sp kaXzw Fp `mhw. bmsXmcp a\p-
jy Cu hn[w HmwIm-chpw ]c-am-m-hns GI-X-bpsS sImSp-n-p-v.
1
Iujo-
X In {_- t Wm- ] - \ n-
j v
3
imn-]mTw
Hmw. hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta
hmNn {]Xn- j v T n- X - a m- h n- c m- a . G[n thZky a
AWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-c-t\-\m-[otX
N P
95
cl-kyhpw {Kln-nv ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- K
- Xn-\p-thn At- l- ns \ma-P-]s Ah- ew-_- amn
X]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb km[\ \S-p-pthm Ah \n-t-
l- ambpw Bm-hn\npw Bm-hn AXm-bXv ]cm-Xv]-
c-]-c- {_-]
- -c-am-m-hn {]th-in-p-p. bmsXm-cp-
C{]- Imcw {Kln- pp Fp hmIys cp {]mhiyw
D-cn-nv D]-\n-j-ns kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-p-p.
]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hntbpw At-l-ns \ma-n-
tbpw alna A]m-c-am-Ip- p. CXns Ac IS-p-hm
Bpw km[y-a-. Cu {]I-c-W-n B Ako-a-]q
{_ ]c-am-m-hns \mep ]mZ--fpsS Iev]\ At-l-
ns qe, kqva, Imc-W--fmb aqp kKpW cq]-
-fp-tSbpw \nKp-W-\n-cm-Imc kzcq-]-ns GI-tXbpw
ImWn-p--Xn-\p-th-nbpw AXp-t]mse \ma-n- tbpw
\man-bp-tSbpw Fm-{]-Im-c--fn-epap GI-tXbpw ImWn-
p- -Xn\pw AXp-t]mse At-l- n\n-pw A`n- amb
ANn-y-i-n-tbbpw k- am\ kmay-tbpw ImWn-
p- - Xn- \pw- thn sN- s- n- cn- pp Fv A\p- am- \n- p- p.
imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy amm-` n-cy-P{Xmx
nssc-c-MvssK-k vXp-j vSphmw kkvX-\q-
`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x
]pjm hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kX v ]
- nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
\mtlm-cm-{XmXv kwZ-[m-an. EXw hZn-jyman kXyw
hZn-jym-an. Xm-a-hX
- p. XZv hm-ca
- -hX
- p. AhXp
amw. AhXp hmcw Hmw. imnx imnx imnx

I Hmw. Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn--s. hmn
a\v nc-am-bn-cn--s. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th, Av
Fs apn {]Xy--am-Ip-I. tl hmWn, tl a\-t,
\n cp-t]cpw Fs thZ-m-\ - n\v B[m-c-am-
Ip-p. AXn-\m Fs thZm-[ym-b-\s XS-b-cp-tX.
Cu thZm-[y-b\s XS-b-cp-tX. Cu thZm-[y-b-\-n
Rm cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Nne-h-gn- p- p. Rm EXw ]dbpw
kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn-mepw hm-hns\ cn-
mepw Fs cn-m-epw.
Hmw A[ymbw
1. Nnt{Xm l ssh KmKym-b-Wn by-amW
BcpWnw ht{h. k l ]p{Xw tizX-tIXpw {]Pn-
{Lm-b. bmP-tb-Xn. Xm lmko\w ]{]- . KuX-
aky ]p{Xm-kvXn. kwhrXw temtI bkvan am
[mky tlm thmN-Z[zm temtI bmky-ko-Xn. kl
]nX-c-am-kmZy ]{]-t-Xo-Xn. am {]moXv IYw
{]Xn-{_-hm-Wo-Xn. k tlm hmN. Al-a -t]y-XXv
\ thZ. k Z tky h hbw kzm[ym-b-a-[oXy lcm
atl b ]tc-Z-ltXy ln D`u Kan-jymh CXn.
k l kanX ]mWnx Nn{Xw KmKym-bWow {]Xn
N{Ia D]m-bm-\ o-X n. Xw tlmhm-N -{_- mtLm
kn KuX-atbm \ am\-ap-]mtKm Ghn thyh Xzm
m]-bn-jym-ao-X n.
aljn-bmb Nn{X Ks ]p{Xs ]p{X-\m-bn-cp-
p. Atlw bw sN-W-sa-p-t-inv AcpW ]p{X-
\mb Dm-e-Is\ {][m\ EXzn-m-n. Fm Dm-e-I
B b-n\p t]mImsX ]p{X-\mb tizX-tI-Xp-hn\v
thn Nn{X-ns b-n\p t]mbn. AXv th-
hn[w ]cy-h-km-\n-n-m \ntiw sImSp-p. \nt-
im-\p-k-cWw tizX-tI-Xp-b--n ]p-sImv Hcp
Db ]oT-n-en-cp-p. At-ls Iv alm-m-hmb
Nn{X Cs\ tNmZnp: ""Fs {]Xn-jvTn-m Cu
temI-n Bh-c-W-tmSp IqSnb Hcp m\-aptm?
AtXm `n-amb Bh-c-W-cl - n-X-amb m\-m-bn-cn-
ptam Fs {]Xn-jvTn-pI?'' CXp-tIv tizX-tIXp ]d-
p.
""F\nv CXn-s\-n Hcp Adn-hp-an-. Fs ]nXmhv
imkv{X-c- l -k y- Adn-b p- -h \pw AX- \ p- k -cnv
{]hn- p--h-\p-am-W v. A-bpsS tNmZy-s- n
Rm At-lt- mSv ]dbmw.'' ]ns tizX-tIXp ]nXm-
hns ASpp sNv Nn{X tNmZn kwibw hy-am-
n. Dm-e-I ]dp: ""F\npw Cu tNmZy-n-\p-
cw \n-b-an-. alm-m-hmb Nn{Xs b ime-
bn-sen XXzm- [ym- b-\-m m\w t\Smw. A\ys-
-t]mse \appw Nn{X-\n\nv [\w e`n-pw. AXn-
\m Atm-p-t]m-hp-I.'' As\ kanXn ]mWn-bmbn
N P
96
Dm-e-I m\-Xr-jW
v -tbmsS Nn{Xs ASp-p-sNv K
]dp: "m\mP-\-n-\mWv Rm\n- hnsS hXv'. Dm-
e-Is Dtiyw AXm-sW-X- n Nn{X\v kwi-b-ap-m-
bn-cp-n-.
2. ktlm-hmN tb ssh tI N Akvamtm
ImXv {]bn N{-a-k-tah tX kth K-n.
tXjmw {]mssWx ]qh ] B]ym-b-tX. Xm\-
]-c -] -tW {]P-\ -b-Xn. GX-ssZz-kz-ky-tem-
Iky Zzmcw b-{-amkvXw bXv {]Xym-lX aXn
{kP-tX. b G\w {]Xym-l-X-anl hyjvSn `qXzm
hjXn X Cl IotSm hm ]XwtKm hm iIp-\n
hm imZqtem hm knwtlm hm atym hm ]cizm
hm ]pcptjm hm t\ym ssh tXjp mt\jp
{]Xym-Pm-btX bYm Ia bYm hnZypx Xam-KXm
]rXn tIm koXw Xw {]Xn {_qbmXv hnN-
Wm ZrXthm tcX A`qXw ]-Z-imXv {]kq-
XmXv l{Xy-hk - vXmam-]pwkn I-tcy-cb [zw.
]pwkm I{Xm amX-cn-am-\n-j-IXm kPmb D]-Pm-
b-amt\m ZzmZ-i{- X-tbm-Zi D]-amtkm ZzmZi {Xtbm
Zti\ l{Xm kw ZtZztZ {]Xn ZZzntZ lw Xa
EXthm AaXyh B`c [zw. tX\ ktXy\ tX\
X]km EXp-c-kvaymthm kvan tIm kvan Xza-
kvaoXn Xa-Xnkva PtX.
]ns Atlw ]dp: "tl Dm-e-I, Fs-tmse
\nm-c-\mb Hcp hyn-bpsS ASp- Cs\ hcm
Imc-Ws - av? kzw alXzw icn--dn-n--tm. Av
Fm {_m-W-cnepw shv ]qP-\o-b\pw {_-hn-Zym-[n-
Im-cn-bp-am-Wv. Rm tNmZn tNmZys kw_-nv
Atbvv bYm m\w \Imw.
b-Im-hmb Nn{X ]dp: "apt\, bm-
Zn-I-fmb Da If\p-jvTn-n-p hnZzm-m Cu
temIw hnv t]mIp-tm kzw {]m]n-p-p. Fm
IrjvW-] - -n N{\v Pohn-Iv Xr]vXn sImSp-
m Ign-hn-.
kz-n-te-bvp IhmSw N{ F t]cn-\m
{]kn--am-W.v kz-n-\[- n-Im-cn-I-fm-b-h Nnn-p-Xv
kz-n\nv Ipsd Ign-bp-tm Xmsg ]Xn-t-n-
h-cp-sapw A-s\-bp kzw \nc-am-sW-p-am-
Wv. \njvIm-a-InIfmbn N{-temIw shSn-bp--h ip`-
I-mepw ZrV-\n--b-mepw kz-tem-I-n\pw
apI- fn- ep {_-tem- Is {]m]n- p-p. kpJw sImXnv
kz-nse kpJ-n Xs apgpIn Ign-bp- -h
]pWy--b-tmsS Xmtgmp ]Xn-p-p.
Cs\ temI-nse kz-\-cI {]m]vXn-I- c-amb KXn
a\-n-em-p injy hnc-\ - mbn Pnm-k-tbmsS
kZvKp-cp-hns\ icWw {]m]n-p-tm Kpcp injy-t\mSv
tNmZn--Ww. "\o BcmWv?'

I B tNmZy-n\v injy C-s\-bmWv Dcw ]d-
tb-Xv: "tZh-m-sc, ]Xn-\p Ie-It- fmSp IqSn-bXpw
ip- Ir-jvW- ]- - v Imc- W-`q- Xhpw {i- tbmsS {]Xy-
-s-Sp ]nXr-temIw \Ip--h\pw hn`n t`mK-Zm-
b-I\pw Bb N{s kao-]p \npw Dmbn {i,
tkma, hjw Aw Fn-hb - psS {]`m-h-m kwPm-
X-am-b-h\pw hocy-ns cq]-n ]cn-h\w sN-
s-h- \pw Poh Dsm-p--Xp-amb Fs Av
kwtbm-K -I may aptJ\ ]pcp-j -\n m]n-p-Ibpw
]noSv B ]pcp-j aptJ\ Fs K`-n [mcWw
sNn- n-p- Ibpw Dm-bn. Gsd hj--fmbn Rm anYym-
m\w {]m]-nI {`aw hnIm-c- Fn- h-bnepw {_-
m\ Pnm-k-bnepw Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. C\n F\nv
Av Aa-cXzw ssI hcp-p-hm t]m {_-m\w
e`n-m DX-I- - -hn[w Btcm-Kyhpw ZoLm-bppw
Xcp-I. Fs-m {_-km-m-Xvmcw e`n-p-X - p-
hsc Pohn-n-cn-t-X - p-v. Rm kqNn-n kXyhpw
X]-kybpw \nanw Rm EX-am-Ip-p. Ap Xs-
bmtWm Rms\pw bYm-n Rm Bcm-sWpw
F\nv ]dp Xc-Ww.' Ahs hmp tIv kZvKpcp
B injys\ kwkm-cs `b-s-Sp--h-\m-sWp Iv.
{_-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p. Ahs\ kwkm-c-_ - \
-
- n
\npw hnSn kIe ]m]--fn\npw hnap-\ - m-
t--Xp-.v
3. k Xw tZh-bm\w ]m\w B]Zy An
temI-am-K - X- n. hmbp-temIw k hcp-W-temIw k
BZnXy temIw k C{-t emIw k {]Pm-] Xn
temIw k {_ temIw. Xky lhm GXky
{_ - t e m- I k y B tc m- { l tZ m ap l q t m
tbjv Snlm hnPcm \Zoteym hrx kmePyw
kwm-\-a-]-cm-Pn-X-amb X\-an{ {]Pm-]Xo Zzmc
tKm]u. hn`q-{]-anXw hnN--Wm. Bk-a - n-XuPmx
]cyx {]nbm N am\ko {]Xn-cq]m NNm-jo
]pjv]m-Wym-h-bXu ssh N PKmXyw _mmw-_m-
h-b-ho-m-]vk-ckx Aw_bm \Zyx Xnanw hnZm
KXn Xw {_m lm`n-[m-hX aa bikm hnPcmw
hm Abw \Zow {]m]-hm Abw Pc-bn-jy-Xo-Xn.
Cuiz-tcm- ]m- k\ sNp- -h tZh- bm- \-am-nIqSn
BZyw An-tem-I-n-se-p-p. ]ns hmbp-temIw;
AhnsS \nv kqcy-temIw; ]ns hcp-W-temIw; A\-
cw C{-temIw; A\-cw {]Pm-]-Xn-temIw; XpSv
{_-temIw; {_-tem-I-n {]th-in-p- hm-\p am-
n "Bc' Fp t]cp hen-sbmcp Pem-i-b-apv
AXp ISv Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-If - m {_-temI {]m]vXn-
p km[-\-b-m-Zn-I-fm {_-temI {]m]vXn-p
km[-\b- -m-Zn-]pWy I- Ch \in-n-p
"tbjvSn l' F `mKw ISv "hncPm' \Zn-bn-se-mw.
AXns Zi-\
- m Xs hmIyw \jvS-am-Ip-p.
N P
97
A\-cw "Cf' Fp t]cp Cey hrw ImWmw. K
]noSv ]e tZh-mcpw Xma-kn-p \K-c-am-Wv. AhnsS
]qtm-- , \Zn-I, ktcm-hc- -, InW-dp-I Ch-
bp-v. \K-c- ns Hcp `mKv [\p-ns BIr-Xn-bn-
ep Hcp {]tIm-jvT-ap-v. AXpw IS-p-t]m-bm "A]-
cm-PnX' Fp hnim-e-amb m\-am-W.v AhnsS {_mhv
Xma-kn-p-p. kqcy-tX-Ppw Bpw XIm Ign-
bm--Xp-am-I-bm A]-cm-PnX F t]cv AXn\p Inn.
{_m-hns B `h-\-ns Zzmc-]m-e-I-m taL-fpw
b-ns {]Xo-I--fmb hmbphpw BIm-i-cq-]n-bmb
C{-\p-sa-t{X.
"hn`q-{]-aXn' F Hcp k`m-aW
- vU]w AhnsSbpv.
AXns a[y-n "hnN-W' F thZn A`p-X-I-c-
am-Wv. in-tb-dn-bXpw "Aan-XuPm' Fp t]cp--Xp-
amb {]mW Xs-bmWv {_m-hns knwlm-k-\w.
{]IrXn cq]n-Wn-bmb At-l-ns {]nb a\-ns\ lcn-
p-h - f
- m-I-bm "am\kn' F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
AXns Ombm-aqn "Npjn' bmWv tXP-t-dnb
AXns Ae-m-cm-Zn-I tXtPm-a-b--fm-Ip-p.
{]]w \mep-hn-[-n-ep Pohn-I-fm ]q-amWv
Pcm-bp-Pw, AWvU-Pw, tkzZ-Pw, DZv`n-Pw, {]]--nse
kIe PU-tN-X \ hkvXp-fpw {_m-hns DZym-\-
nse ]pjv]--fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS [uXw D-co-bmZn
hkv{X--fm-Wv. Ahn-sS-bp A]vk-c-p-Isf "Aw_m'
Fpw "Aw_m-bhn' Fpw ]d-bp-p. Aw_-bn P\-
\o-`m-hhpw Aw_m-b-hn-bn _pn-`m-h-hp-am-Ip-p. {_-
m\w \Ip Aw_bm F \Zn AhnsS Hgp-Ip-
p. m\n-bmb ]pcp-j\v AhnsS sNs-m Ign-
bp- p. hnPcm F \Zn-b p-s S kao-] -p-Iq-Sn-b mWv
Atmp t]mtI--X.v AhnsS Fp--hv hmIy
_m[-bp-m-hp-I-bn- .
4. Xmw ]-i-Xm\n A]vk-ckmw {]Xn-bn
iXw ]q lkvXmx iXw iXw hmtkm-lkvXmx
iXw ^e-k-lkvXm iX-am-RvP\ lkvXm iXw
amey lkvXmx Xw {_mew ImtcW Aew Iph-
n. k {_m-e-m-tc-Wm-ew-IrtXm {_ hnZzm
{_m-`n-ss{]Xn k AK--Xzmcw {lZw Xw a\-km-
tXyXn XanXzm k{kXn hntZm a-n. k BK-
Xn alqm tkyjvSn lmw kvtX kvamZv {]Z-
hn k BK-Xn hnPcmw \Zow Xmw a\ssk
hmtXy-Xn. XXv kpIrX ZpjvIrtX [p\p-tX. Xky-
{] nbm mX bx k p I r - X - a p - ] - b p {] nbm
ZpjvIrXw XZyYm ctY\ [mh-b cY Nt{I ]cy-
th- -X, Gh atlm-cmt{X ]cy-th- -X. Ghw
kpIrX ZpjvIrtX khmWn N Zzzm\n k Gj
hnkp-IrtXm hnZp-jvIrtXm {_ hnZzm {_ss
hm`n-ss{]-X n.

I s]sp Xs {_m-h ns \nt-i m-\p-k-cWw
Aqdp A]vk-c - p-I Ahn-sS-sb-nb {_-m-
\nsb kzmKXw sNm HmSn-h-cpw. Ah-cn Aq-dp-
t] tIkcw Ippaw a Fn-hb - psS Nqw
ssIbn-se-Sp-n-cn-pw. Aq-dp-t]v hnhn[ hkv{X-
Dv. \qdp A]vk-c-p- I ssIbn ]e-hn[w AwK-
cm-K- hln-n-cn-pw. Fm-hcpw IqSn B alm-m-
hns\ Ae--cnv {_-kz-cq-]n-bm-n-opw. AtXmsS
Abm "Ac' Fp t]cp Pem-i-b-n-\-Spv \bn-
-sSpw; AhnsS Ba-\w sN-s-Spw. kev]w
aptJ\ AXns\ XcWw sNp {_-m\n ]ns
"tbjvSnl' bpsS kao-]-sapw tZh-m Ahs {_
tXP-ns apn Dd-p-\nm-\m-ImsX HmSn- tm-tIn
hcp-p. m\n "hncmPm' \Zn-bpsS Xoc-sn ]m]
]pWy- AhnsS Dt]-nv Xs am\-knI k-ev]-
m Xs AXns Ac IS-p-p. B m\nsb
tZzjn- p- -h v Ah ssIhn ]m]w e`npw;
Fm Ahs\ kvt\ln-p IpSpw-_n-I Ahs
]pWymw-i-n ]m-fn-I-fm-Ip-p. tXcn k-cn-p
hyn cYw \nb-{n-p-tm AXnse N{I--fpsS
]rYzn-bp-am-bp kwtbm-K-hn-tbm-K- -f-dn-bp-n-. AXp-
t]mse {_-m-\n-bmb hyn cm-I ]m]-]p-Wy-
a-b--fmb ]e Zriy-fpw ImWp-p-s-nepw Ah-bp-
ambn _n-p-n-. ]m]-]p-Wy- Ahs\ _m[n-p-
n- . {_-m-\-m Ah {_-s-s {]m]n-
p- p.
5. k BK- -X oeyw hrw Xw {_-K x
{]hniXn. k BK-Xn kmePyw kwm-\w. Xw
{_-c kx {]hn-i-Xn, k BK- Xn A]-cm-P nXw
Bb X\w Xw {_-tXPx {]hn-iXn B K-Xn.
C{-{]-Pm-]Xo Zzmc-tKm]u Xmh-kvam-Z-]-{Z-hXx k
BK-Xn hn`q-{]-anXw Xw {_ tXPx {]hn-iXn
k BK-Xn hne--Wm-am-kow _rl-{ZYw Xtc
kma\n ]qhu-]mZu ssyX \u[tk Nm]-cu-
h-ssh-cq] sshcmtP A\q-NytX imIz-c-ssc-htX
Xoco km{]m {]bm ln hn]-iyXn k
BK-Xn AanXu Pkw ]cyw k {]mW-kvXky
`qXw N `hnjyw N ]qhu ]mZu-{io-t-cm-Nm-]-
c, {_lv{ZY w Xtc B \qtNy `{Z- b - mb
botb iojtWy EN kmam\n N {]mNo-
\m-Xm-\m\n bpwjn Xnc-o-\m\n tkmamw-ihx
D]-kvX-cW apZvKoYx D]{iox {iocp]_lWw
Xkvan {_mkvtX Xanw hnXv]m-tZ-ss\-hm{K
Btcm-lX - n. Xw {_m ]rXn tImkoXn. Xw
{]Xn {_qbm-Xv.
{_-m-\n-bpsS \mkn-Ib
- n Cey hr-ns
ASp-s-nb DS-s\-Xs {_-Kw {]th-in-p-p.
]ns Ah "kmePy' sap t]cp \K-c-n-\-Sp-s-
pw. AhnsS Ahs\ Znhy-amb {_-ckw {]m]n-p-
N P
98
p. CXn\p apv Ah\v C{Xbpw B\w Dm-bn-p-m- K
hn-. AXn-\p-tijw Ah {_m-hns "A]-cm-PnX'
F `h-\-n-\S- p-s-pw. AtXmsS Ah-\n {_-
tX-Pv \nd-bp-p. ]ns `h-\-Zzm-c-kw-c--I-m-cmb C{-
sbpw {]Pm-]X - n-bp-sSbpw kao]w {]m]n-p-p. amw
ImWn- -s v aptmp t]mbn "hn`p- {]-a nX' F
k`maWvU]-n-se-pw. {_-b-ip tNv Ah
_rl-spw cY--c-km- a-sapw t]cp cp-apIm
tNXpw ssiyXw, \u[-k-kmaw F ]nIm-ep-I
tNXpw sshcq]w sshcm-P-kmaw Cu Zn-tWm-c
]mZ- tNXpw imIz-cw, ssch-Xk - maw F ]qh
]na ]mZ- tNXpw Bb hnN- -W-s bp
thZnp kao]w Fpw. _pn-cq-]n-Wnbpw al-Xz
cq]n-Wn-bp-ambn B thZn {_-m-\nv Znhy ZrjvSn
\Ipw. ]ns {]mW-kz-cq-]a - mb "AanXu Pm' F
knwlm-k-\-n-\-Spv Fpw. AXns aph-i-p
cp Imep-I `qX-`-hn-jy-p--fm-Wv. ]nn-ep Imep-
I {iotZ-hnbpw `qao-tZ-hn-bpw. A\qNy F cp ZoL
JSzmw-K - AXns D-c-Z-nW ]mZ--fm-Wv. Ah
_rlpw cY-c kma-hp-sa-t{X. `{Z-sapw bm-b-
o-b-sapw t]cp kma-cq-]-n-ep cp sNdnb
JSzmw-K- ]qh-]-na `mKs ]mZ--fm-Ip-p. Ah-
bn incpw ]mZhpw hbvp-p. Ingp ]Sn-m-dmb
hmSn-I EtKz-Z-km-a-th-Z--fpsS kzc-`q-X-am-Wv. hS-p-sX-
mbn hfp ]pf-p-ap hmSn-I bPpth-Z{- ]-Xo-
I--fm-Ip-p. N{-c-ivan-I AhnsS tIma-f-i--t]mse
hncn-n-cn-p-p. DZvKoYw AXn hncn-n-p ]pX-mWv
evan-bm-Ip Xe-bW Ahn-sS-bp-v. An-s\-bp
B Znhy-knw-lm-k\w {_m-hn\v hncm-Pn-m thn-
bp--Xm-Wv. Cu XXzw {Kln-n-p {_-m\n B
knwlm- k-\-n Imep-shv tIdp-p. Atm {_mhv
Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-pw. "\o Bcv?' At-l-ns tNmZy-
n\v C{]-Imcw adp-]Sn sImSp-W - w.
6. EXp-c -kvaymthm kva ymImim-tZymt\x
kw`qtXm `mcym GXXv kwh--c ky tXtPm-`q-
Xky `qX-kymm Xzam-mkn bkvXz-akn tkm
lakva oXn Xam-l tIm la- k va oXn kXy-a nXn
{_qbmXv Iow XZyXv kXy-anXn bZ-\yXv tZth-`y
{]mtW-`y XXv kZY bZv tZhm {]mWm--
XXzw XtZ-Xbm hmNm `nhym{ln-btX kXy-antXy
Xmh- Z nZw kh- a nZw ka- k n. CssXy- s sh\w
XZman XtZ-XZ- yIv tmtI-\m-`yp-w.
bPq-Zcx kma-incm Akm-hy-Mvaqn chybx k{_-
tXn k hnP-ob Ejn {_-atbm alm-\n-Xn. Xaml
tI\ ta ]uwkym\n \mam\n B]vt\mjn CXn {]mtW-
t\Xn {_qbm-Xv.
tI\ kv{Xo\m-am-\oXn hmtNXn tI\ \]pw-k-
Im-\oXn a\-tkXn tI\ Kmm-\nXn {]mW-t\-
 99

I tXyh {_qbmXv tI\ cq]m-WoXn Np-tjXn -I. a\v ZqX-\m-Ip-p. kth-{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS K
tI\ i_vZm \nXn Pnlz-tbXn tI\ A ckm A`n-am-\n-I-fmb tZh-X-am aptJ\ Bh-iy-s-SmsX Xs
\nXn Pnlz-tbXn tI\ Iam-WoXn lkvXm-`ym- {]mW-\m-Ip {_-n\v D]-lmc cq]-n \I-s-
anXn tI\ kpJ-ZpxJ CXn icn-tc-tW-Xn-tI-\\ - w n-cn-p-p. Cu clkyw Adn-bp-- h\v bmNn-msX Xs
cXnw {]Pm-Zn-an-Xy-]-t-t\-Xn. tIt\Xzm CXn ]mZm- kh-Nc- m-Nc- -fpw D]-lmcw kan-p-p. Hcp bmN-
`ym-an-Xn, tI\-[ntbm hnw Xhyw Imam-\nXn I Hcp {Kma-n t]mbn `n bmNnv Hpw InmsX
{]-tbXn {_qbm-a - m-l. Bt]m ssh Jep \ncm-i-\mbn B {Kma-hm-kn-I sImSp-mepw Am-Zn-
taly-km-hbw tX temI-C -Xn-kmbm {_tWm I kzoI-cn- p-I -b n-s p \n-b n- p- -X p-t]mse
PnXn bm hyjvSn kvXmw PnXn PbXn Xmw hyjvSnw {]mWs\ D]m-kn-p km[-I BtcmSpw bmsXmpw
hyiv\ ptX b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ. CXn bmNn-m ]mSn-s-Xv Xs ]mh-\-I-hy-sav Icp-
{]Ytam [ymbx Xp-p. Ah Xs \n-b-n ZrV-Nn--\m-bn-cn-p-
p. Fs-m bmN-I-\n ssZ\y-`mhw kzm`m-hn-I-am-
""Rm kzbw-`qhpw kzbw {]Im-ihpw hniz-n-s\mw
Wv. Cu ssZ\y-`mhw sImmWv Ah\v `n-In-p--Xv.
ImcW `qX\pw Bb Cuiz-c-\n \npw D-hn--h-\m-
IqSmsX Bfp-I Ahs\ hnfnv "\n\v `n-Xcmw'
Wv. Rm `qX-s- m-a-Xo- X\pw `qX-smw Imc-
Fp ]d-bpp AXpw Ah-\nsb Zo\-`mhw \nan-a - m-
W-am-bn-p--h\pw PU-tN-X-\-b-amb `qX-cq-]a
- mb kwh-
W-tm.
-c-ns tXPx-kz-cq-]n-bm-Wv. Rm EXs kw_-
n-p--h-\mWv; EX-hp-am- W.v Rm Bm-hm-Wv. Apw 2. {]mtWm {_tXn l kv a ml ss]wKy-
Bm-hm-Wv. Av FmtWm AXp-X-s-bmWv Rm\pw. kv X ky l hm GXky {]mWky {_tWm
Cu hn[- n- e p Dcw tIv {_mhv hopw hmIv ]c-k vX- -p-c m-c pt Npx ]c-k vXmXv
tNmZnpw "Rm BcmWv?' AXn\v {_-m\n t{im{X-am-cpt t{im{Xw ]c-kX v mXv a\ Bcpt
Cs\ Dcw sImSp--Ww. "Av kmmXv kXy- -am- a\x ]c-k vX mXv {]mW Bcpt Xkvs sa hm
Wv.' CXp-tI {_mhv hopw tNmZnpw "kXy-sap GXkvssa {]mWmb {_W GXmx khm-tZ-
]d-bp-Xp bYm-n FmWv?' AXn\v C{]-Im-c- h X m A bm- N - a m- \ mb _e nw lc n XtY m
amWv adp-]Sn sImSp-t--Xv. "GsXm-mtWm Znhy-Xz- Ghmkvssa khmWn `qXm\n Bbm-Na - m\mssbh
n \npw {]mW-\n \npw `nhpw Ap-Xhpw _enw-l - c n b Ghw thZ Xtkym-] \n j
Bbn-p-Xv AXp Xs-bmWv kXyw. Znhyhpw A\-iz- bmtN-ZnXn XZyYm {Kmaw `nnXzm Ae-_vt[zm-]-
chpw GsXm-mtWm AXpXsbmWv kXyw. A-bn hn-ti- m-l-a -t Xm-Z - -a-i v\ o-bm-a n-X nb Gssh\w
khhpw AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Av kXy- ]pc-kvX mZv {]Xym No-c mkvX Gssh\ ap]-a-
am-Wv.' {-bt ZZma CtXyj [tm-bm-NntXm `h-Xy-
\y-XkvXp Gssh\ ap]-a-{-bt ZZma X CXn.
cmw Aymbw {]mW Xs-bmWv {_-sav ss]wKy-a-ljnbpw
1. {]mtWm {_tXn l kvaml Iujo-XI - n- ]d-bp-p. {_w \nanw hmn\pw AXo-X-ambn t\t{X-
kv X ky l hm GXky {]mWky {_tWm {nbw `hn-p-p. {_w t\t{X-{n-bs Fm-`m-Kp
at\m`qXw hmIv] -c n-t h- j v S o. Np tKm]v X r- \npw Bh-cWw sNbvXn-pv t{imt{X-{n-b- n\pw AXo-
t{im{Xw {imh- b nXp Xkv s sa hm GXkv s sa X-ambn a\-pv a\-p-ap-tJ\ t{imt{X-{nbw Fm `mK-
{]mWmb {_tW GXmx khm tZhXm Bbm- p-\npw Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. {]mW Xs-
N-am-\mb _enw lcn XtYm Ghmkvssa khm- bmWv {_w kh-tZ-h-X-Ifpw B {]mW-\m-Ip {_-
Wn `qXm\n AbmN am\m-ssbh _enw lcn b n\v bmNn-msX Xs D]-lmcw \Ip-p. AXv
Ghw thZ Xtkym-] -\ n-j - -bm-tN- Z nXn XZyYm BtcmSpw Hpw bmNn-p-I-bn-. Hcn- Hcp bmN-I
{Kmaw `nnXzm Ae-_vt [zm-]hn tim-la - tXm Hcp {Kma-n t]mbn `n bmNn-p-p. `n Inm
Z-a-iv\o-bm-an-Xn. b Gssh\w ]pc-kvXmXv {]Xym- ]w \ncm-i-\mbn Ah C\n Rm Hcm-tfmSpw `n
N-ocw kvX Gssh-\a - p-]-a-{-bt ZZm-aX CXn. tNmZn-p-I-bn-sv i]Yw sNp-p. Ahs B ZrV
Gj [tm bmNntXm `h-Xn. A\y-X-kvtXz-ssh- \nbw Iv apv `n sImSp-p-I-bn-sv ]d--
\-ap-]-a-{-bt ZZma X CXn. h Xs hnfnp hcpn \n\v `n-Xcmw Fv ]d-
bp-p.
Iujo-XIn aljn ]d-bp-Xv {]mW XsbmWv
{_-sa-m-Wv. Cu {]mW-\m-Ip {_s cmPm-hn- 3. AYm-XI GI [\m-ht- cm-[\w btZ-I-[\w
s\-tmse Icp-X-Ww. hmv AXns cmn-bm- W.v sNhn A`n-[ym-bmXv ]u-amkyw hm Aam-hm-kymbmw
ktiw tIn-p Zzmc-]m-e-I\- m-Wv. t\{Xw AwK-c- hm ip-]t hm ]ptWy \t{X Anw D]-

N P

I k-am-[mb ]cn kaqly ]cn-kvXocy ]cyp-tymXv
]qbb ZnWw PmmNy {kpthW hm Na-tk\
hm Iwtk\ sshXm BPym- l p- X n PptlmXn
hmMv\ma tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n\o kmta Aap-jvam-
ZnZw Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. {]mtWm \ma
tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n-\okm ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ah-
cpmw Xssky kzmlm. Np \ma tZhXm Ah-
tcm-[n\o km ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ahp-cmw Xssky
kzmlm. t{imXw \ma tZhXm Ah-tcm[n \o kmta
Aap-jvam-ZnZw Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. at\m
\ma tZhXm Ah-tcm-[n\o km ta Aap-jvam-ZnZw
Ah-cpmw Xssky kzmlm. {]m \ma tZhXm
Ah-tcm-[n\o kmta Aap-jv a m-ZnZw Ah-c pmw
Xssky kzmlm CXyY [qa-K w {]Pn-{Lmb
BPy-te-t]\ AwKm\n A\p-hn-arPy hmNw btam
A`n {]{hPy Aw {_hoX `qXw hm {]ln-
Wp-bmXv e`tX sslh.
A\-cw [\ \ntcm-[\ - s
- -n ]d-bp-p. ]q-
am-kn-bntem Aam-hm-kn-bntem at-sX-nepw ]pWy-Xn-
Ynbpw \-{Xhpw hcp Znh-ktam [\w B{K-ln-p
hyn An m]nv Ipi-hn-cnv a{w sImv hnip-
-amb Pew Xfnv ]m{X-n shp-s\pw ipo-Ic - nv
bYm-hn[n BlpXn kan--Ww. "hmWo tZhn' B{K-
l--sfmw km[n-n-p--h-fm-W.v tZhn {]mtWm-]m-k\
sNp-h - \v CXn-\m Cn [\w ssI hcp-s'
Cs\ sNmn BlpXn sNp-I. {]mW-tZ-hX A`o-
jvT-knn \Ip-X - m-Wv. {]mtWm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv
[\w ssI hcp--s. Fp sNmn BlpXn An-p-
I. Np-mb tZhn Ima\ km[n-n-p--h-fm-Wv. tZhn-
{]m-tWm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv Cn--[\w ssI hcp--
s. t{im{Xw F tZhn A`ojvS ^f-Zm-bn-\n-bm-Wv. {]mW
{_tm-]m-k-I-\mb F\nv tZhn Cn [\w ssIh-cp-
-s. Ahmbn BlpXn kan-p-p. a\-m-Ip
C{nbw A`o-jvS-^ew \Ip--Xm-Wv. {]mtWm-]m-k-I-
\mb F\nv AXv Cn [\w ssI hcp--s. Cs\
Blp-Xn-I sImSp--Xn\p tijw [qKw {LmWn-p-
Ibpw lh-\m-in-jvS-amb LrXw ]pc-p-Ibpw au\w hcnv
[\m-[n-]s\ kao-]nv [\w Bh-iy-sav ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNp-I. B hyn Zqsc-sb-h n-sS-sb-n-ep-am-sW-n
ZqX aptJ\ kt-i-a-b-bvmw. Cu Iw B{K-ln
^ew \Ipw.
4. AYmtXm ssZhx kvatcm bky {]ntbm-_p-
`q- t j- Z yssky hm Gjmw ssh tXjm- a ssh
Ikva n ]hWn Anw D]-k-a m-[ mb GXbm
Gh BhrssXy Xm BPym-l p- X n PqtlmXn
hmNw tX abn Pqtlm-a yku kzmlm. {]mWw
tXabn Pqtlm-a yku kzmlm. Np-k vtX- a bn
Pqtlm-ayku kzmlm. t{im{XwtX abn Pqtlm
ayku kzml. a\kv t X abn Pqtlm- a yku
N P
100
kzmlm. {]mw tX abn Pqtlm-ayku kzmlm. K
CXyY [qa- K w {]Xn- { Lmb B Py- t e- t ]\
AwKm\n A\p-hn-arPy hmNw-btam A`n-{]-{h-Py-kw-
kv]iw PnK-antj ]nhmXm Zzm kw`m-j-W-amWx
XnjvtTXv {]ntbm-sslh `hXn kvacn sslhm-
kvam-X v.
A\-cw hmMvaqew kn-am-Ip A`o-jvS-]qn-sb-
n ]d-bp-p. D]m-k-I Bs-nepw {]nbw-Ic - -\m-I-
W-sav B{K-ln-p ]w Ah hmKmZn tZh-X-
Iv {]nb-\m-I-Ww. AXn\v GsX-nepw ]pWy-Xn-Yn-
bn bYm-hn[n tlmam-Nm-c--sfmw \nh-lnv LrXm-
lpXn kan--Ww. "Rm \ns hmm-Ip C{n-
bs Fn lh\w sNp-I. Fs Imcyw km[n-p-
am-dm-I-Ww. Cu BlpXn An-s Rm Fs
{]mWs\ Fn lh\w sNp-p. F\nv Imcy knn-
bp-m-I-s. Cu BlpXn kan-p-p. Rm \ns
t\{Xsf Fn lh\w sNp-p. "Fs Imcyw
km[n--s. Cu BlpXn kzoI-cn-p-I. Rm \ns
t{im{Xsf Fn lh\w sNp-p. Fs Imcyw
km[n-p-am-dm-I-s. Cu BlpXn ssIsm-p-I. Rm
\ns a\-ns\ Fn lh\w sNp-p. Fs Imcyw
km[n-s - . Cu BlpXn kzoI-cn-pI; Blp-Xn-Ip
tijw [qa-Kw Gv tlmamnX LrXw AwK--fn
]pcn au\-a-h-ew-_nv B{K-ln hynsb kao-]n--
Ww. ]ns hmbv i_vZw CnX hyn hsc Fn-p-
-Xn klm-b-I-amb m\v \np-sImv ]d-bWw
AtXmsS B hyn {]nbw-Ic - -\m-bn-o-cpw. IqSmsX
m\w hn-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Abm Hmn-pw.
5. AYmXx kmwb-a \w {]mXZ-\ -a m- -c -a n
tlm{Xw CXn N BN-tX bmhssZz ]pcp-tjm-
`mjtX \ XmhXv {]mWnXyw iIvt\mXn {]mWw
XZm hmNn PqtlmXn bmhssZz ]pcptjm {]mWnXn
\ XmhXv `mjnXpw iIvt\mXn hmNw XZm {]mtW
Pptlm-Xn. GtX A\t Aar-Xm-lpXo Pm{K
kz]v\w k-Xa- -hy-h-n\w Pqtlm-Xy-Ybm A\ym
Blp-Xtbm A-hXv bkvXmx Ia atm ln
`hn GX ssh ]qth hnZzmwtkm An-
tlm{Xw \ Pplphmw N{Ipx
A\-cw Znthm-Zmk ]p{X-\mb {]X-\ A\p
jvTn kmwb-a\w F An-tlm-{X-s-n ]d-bp-p.
a\p-jy\v kwkm-cn-p-sIm-n-cns ]q-co-Xn-bn izkn-
m km[y-a-. B Ln {]mWs\ hmWn-bm-Ip
An-bn lh\w sN-Ww. hmpw {]mWm-lp-Xn-Ifpw
Hcn-epw Ah-km-\n-m--Xm-W.v Ah Aa-c--fm-Ip-p.
DWn-cn-ptmgpw Dd-p-tmgpw Pohn-I Cu Blp-
Xn-I tlmanp sImp Xs-bn-cn--Ww. hmn\pw
{]mWm-lp-Xn-Ipw `n-amb Ah-m-hn-ti-j--fm-Wv.
{Zhy- sImp Blp-Xn-I ]q-sav ]d-bm
 101

I \nhr-n-bn-. {]mNo-\I- m-es m\n-I AX-dn-n- K

kma-th-Zm-\p-kr-X--fmb A\p-jvTm-\- kap-Nn-X-ambn
cp-p. Ah tIhew I ab-amb Blp-Xn-Iv Gsd tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm ]q-amb ^e-kn-n-bp-
{]m[m\yw sImSp-n-cp-n-. m-Ip-p. aqp thZ-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw Bmhv A[z-cy-am-
Ip {]mW-\m-Wv. {]mW Xs-bmWv Cu hnZy-bpsS
6. Dw {_tXn l kvaml ipjvI `rwKmcx
Bm-h.v {]mW-s\-n Cs\ Adn-bp hyn kzbw
XZr-K n-Xyp-]m-koX khmWn lmkvssa `qXm\n
{]mW-am-\-\m-Ip-p.
t{ijvTym bm`yNyt XXv bp-cn-Xyp-]m-koX
k h mW n l m k vs s a `qX m\ n s s {i jvT y m 5. AYmXx kh-PnXx Iujo-X-tIxkv {XoWn
bpPyt XXv k{io-c n- a -X yp-] m-k oX khmWn D]m-k-\m\n `h-n. btm]-hoXw IrXzm A]
lmkvssa `qXm\n ss{ijvTymb kw\-at XXv BNay {XncpZ ]m{Xw {]knNy DZy-a - m-Zn-Xy-ap-]-
{iocn-Xyp-] m-koX XZyi CXyp-]m-koX XtP Xn-jvT-tX. htmkn ]m]-am\w ta hrMv[otXy
CXyp-]m-ko-X. XZyssY XXv imkv{XmWmw {ioa- Xss b- h m- h rXm at[y k- a p- Z ztm Akn
- a w. bi-k zn-X aw tXP- k zn\w XtYm Gssh ]m]v a m\w a DZv h rMv [ o tXyX ssbhm- h rXm
hnZzm kthjmw `qXm\mw {iotam bikzo AkvX w bw kwhtm kn ]m]va m\w ta
Xax tXPkzo Xtam `h-X n. XtaX ssajvSIw kwhrMv [oXn bZ-tlm-cm-{Xm`ymw ]m]w ItcmXn
I abmXv am\w A[zcypx kwkv I - t cmXn k XZv h rMv tX AY amkn- a m-k y-a m- h m-k ymbmw
Xkvan, bp abw {]h-bXn bPpab EIv abw ]m- - { - a kw Zriy am\- a p- ] - X n- j v t T- s sXX
tlmXm EIv a tb kma- a - b - a p- Z v K mXm k Gj ssbhm-hrtXm lcnX XrWm`ymw hmIv {]Xy-b-
khssky {Xb hnZymbm Bssj D Ghm ky-Xn-bt kpkoaw lrZ-b-a[n {inXw tX\ arX-
kymm GX Zmm `hXn b Ghw thZ. Xztky imt\ am lw ]u{X-a Lw cpZ-a nXn \
lmkvamXv ]qhmx {]Pmx ss{]XoXn \p PmX-]p-
{]mW-s \- -s -b mWv alm- m-h mb ipjvI `rw
{Xky AY APmX ]p{Xky A]ym-b-kz-k-taXp
Kmc\pw {_-sap ]d-bp--Xv. DIvY cq]- n-e p
tX kw tX ]bmwkn kap-bp hmPm bam-ZnXym
{]mWs\ EIv Fv IcpXn D]m-kn-p-I. {]mW cq]-
Awip-am-]y-bn tXyXmkvXn {k EtNm P]nXzm
n-ep DIvYs EIv Fv Adn-bp m\nsb
am AkvamIw {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip`n cm]ym-b-
temI-nse alXzw B{K-ln-p kIe Pohn-Ifpw
bnjvTm tbm Akvam tZzjvSn bw N hbw Zznjva
]qPn-p-p. D-n bPp _pn-tN D]m-k-Is\
kvXky-{]m-tW\ {]Pbm ]ip`n cm]ymb tkzXn
al-Xz-Imw-n-I klm-bn-pp DIvY-n kma-_pn
ssZho-a m-h rX amh BZn-X y-k ym-h rX a\zm-
tN km[-Is\ DXvItj-p- \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
h CXn ZnWw _mlp-a-\zm-h-tX.
DIvYs {io`m-th\ D]m-kn-mw. AXn btim-`mhw
Dv. tXPv F \ne-bnepw AXv D]m-kn-mw. t{ijvT- Iujo-XIn aljnv aqp Xh-W-bp-mb A\p-
amb [\pv in khpw Gsd tXtPm-a-bhpw Bbn- `qX D]m-k-\s - b-- n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv. CS-p-`m-K-
cn-p-X
- p-t]mse Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bp-h
- t{ijvT\pw n-cpv BN-an-pI; ]ns ]m{Xw hnip \ne
bi-kznbpw {iok---\p-am-Ip-p. Pew sImv aqp-{]m-hiyw \nd-bvp-I. ]ns DZb
kqcy\v ALyw sImSpv ]d-bWw "{]]-s XrW
CjvSn-Im-c-Nn-X- amb thZn-bn knX I- bp- -amb
Xpeyw XyPn-p-Ib - m Asb hw Fv ]d-bp-p.
{]mWm-nsb B kzcq-] - n kzoI-cn-p. EXznv
Fs ]m]w \in-n-p-I. ]ns a[ym--n kqcys\
B-kw- kvImcw sN-Ww. bpth-Z-hn-[n- {]- Imcw kn-
\a-kvI-cnv ]d-bpI' "Asb DZzw Fv ]d-bp-p.
amb I- A\p-jvTn--Ww. bpth-Zob I-
Fs ]m]w \in-np. kym-Im-epw Cs\ ]d-
-fn EtKz-Zk - n--I-sf tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw kma-
bWw: Asb kwhw Fp ]d-bp-p. Fs ]m]-
th-Zm-\p-kr-X --fmb A\p-j vTm-\- kap-N n-X -ambn
sf AI-p-I, Cu D]m-k-\b - psS ]cn-Wn-X^
- -ea
- mbn
tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm ]q-amb ^e-kn-n-bp-
a\p-jy-a\- v ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. Ah cm{Xntbm ]Item
m-Ip-p. aqp thZ-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw Bmhv A[z-cy-am-
Hcn-epw ]m]w sNp-n-. cm-as D]m-k\ ]d-
Ip {]mW-\m-Wv. {]mW Xs-bmWv Cu hnZy-bpsS
bmw. Hmtcm amk-nepw Aam-hmky Znh-kw kqcy-a-WvU-
Bm-h.v {]mW-s\-n Cs\ Adn-bp hyn kzbw
e-ns ]Sn-mdv `mKv nXn-sN-p kpjpav\m
{]mW-k-am-\-\m- Ip-p.
civan-bn N{ nXn- sN-p-Xv ImWmw. B L-n
CjvSn-Im-c-Nn-X- amb thZn-bn knX I- bp- -amb kqcys\ ]qPn-W - w. ALy-n-\p Pe-]m-{X-n
{]mWm-nsb B-kz-cq-]-n kzoI-cn-p. EXznv cp-]--]p-ns apf-shp {]mn--Ww. "N{-a-WvU-
B-kw-kvImcw sN-Ww. bpthZ hn[n-{]-Imcw e-ns A[n-jvTm-{Xn-bmb tZhn kpc `mh\ Ie
kn-amb I- A\p-jvTn--Ww. bpth-Zob `h-Xn-bpsS lrZbw N{-aW - vU-e-n hncm-Pn-p-p.
I--fn EtKz-Z-kn-I - -sf tbmPn-n-p-Ibpw AXp aptJ\ tZhn Ah-\m-i-]-Zm-[n-Im-cn-Wn-bm-Wv. Rm

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 102

I ]p{X-tim-I-m Hcn-epw ZpxJnv Ic-bm-Xn-cn-m {]Xy--s-Sp-tm N{s\ \a-kvI-cnv Xmsg sImSp- K

Fn Zb sNp-I.' Cs\ D]m-kn-p--h ]p{X- p a{w D-cn-W - w. "Atbm tkma, Av temI-
hm-\m-sW-n Ahs ]p{X Abm-fpsS ac-W - n\p nse {]IrXn cq]n-Wn-bmb Da-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb tkma-s\p
apv acn-n-. ]p{X-lo-\-\m-sW-n apn-e-s-tmse t]cp cmPm-hm-Wv. Av kh-Im-cy-Ip-i-e\pw ]-ap-
Xmsg kqNn-n-p a{w P]n-W - w. "tl \mco-cq-]- J-\p-amb {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Wv. {_m-W A-bpsS Hcp
bmb tkma, \o ]pcpj cq]n-bmb kqcys tXPv kzoI- apJ-am-W.v B apJw sImv Av {Xnb cmPm--msc
cnv {]hr-a - m-p-I. DXv]-nv Imc-W`- q-X-amb hocy- `n-p-p. B apJw sImp-Xs Fs Aw `n-
amb tXPv \nn nXn sN-s . \o A-{]m- p--Xn\pw Zl-\-n\pw i-\m-pw. {Xn-b A-
]vXnpw tlXp-hm-Ip-I. tkma, \o kuay-Kp-Wh - m-\m-Wv. bpsS Hcp apJ-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Av sshiy-msc
\ns t{ijvT ckw ]pcp-jv D]-Imcw sNp-Xpw `n-p-p. AtX-apJw sImv Av Fs A `-
in-Zm-b-Ihpw i{Xp-sf ]cm-Pb - -s-Sp-m ka- W-n\pw Zl-\-n\pw i-\m-p-I. tiy\w A-bpsS
hp-am-Wv. B ckw Pohn-Iv A\m-bm-k-ambn e`n-p- Hcp apJ-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Av ]n-Isf `n-p-
am-dm-I-s. \o tXtPm-ab\mbn Rv Aa-cXzw ssIh- p. B apJw sImv Ap Fs A `-W-
cp-p-I. kz-n t{ijvT-amb biv {]Xn-jvTn-p-I. n\pw Zl-\-n\pw ka-\m-p-I. An A-bpsS
kv{Xo cq]-amb tkmas Zzm-Zi - m-Zn-Xy-m-cmb ]pcp- Hcp apJ-am-W.v AXp-sImv Av Cu {]]-s `n-
j-m X-fpsS hocy-am-Ip tXP-p-sImv B\-n- p-p. B apJw sImv Av Fs A `-I\ - m-
n-p-p. Ab _e-ap tkmaw ]m\w sNp-p. p-I. A-bpsS Am-as apJw sImv Av kh-
tkma-Xw-cw-K
- -fm ss{XtemIy kwc--I\ - mb hcp- {]m-Wn-I-sfbpw `n-p-p. AXp-sImv Av Fs
W\pw _rl-kv]X - nbpw Rv _ehpw B\-hpw A-t`m-Pn-bm-p-I. Av Fs {]mW {]P arK-
\Ip-am-cm-I-s. tl tkma, \o R-fpsS Poh {]P- Fnh Hn-s\bpw \in-n-c - p-Xv. R-fpsS i{Xp--
I arK- Fn-h-bn \ns hniv ian-n-c - p-Xv. fpsS {]mW-s\bpw {]P-I-sfbpw arK--sfbpw \in-n-p-
Fm R-tfmSv sshc-ap--htcm Rv sshc-ap- I. Rm a{m- [n- ]- Xn- bmb tZh-X- sbbpw A-bpsS k-
-htcm Bb-h-cpsS Poh kXn arK- Fn-h- c- W -{ In- b - s bbpw A\p-h n- p Iq- n- e m-W v .'
bn \o kwXr-]X v \
- m-I-Ww. Rm Cu a{-ns A[n- Cs\ at{m-m-c-W-tmsS hes `pPw A\zm-
]-\mb tZh-X-sbbpw \ns k-b-\-{In-bsbbpw A\p- h\w sNp-I.
hn- p-- h-\m-Wv.' Cs\ Ens ]mT- klnXw Cs\ tkmas\ ]qPn--Xn-\p-tijw ]Xv\n-bpsS
he-Xp-`pPw A\zm-h\w sNp-I. amhnSw kv]inv Ah-fpsS ASp-n-cpv Cs\ ]d-
6. AY ]q-amkymw ]pc-kvXmXv N{-a kw bWw: "t{ijvT-Im-a-\-It- fmSp IqSn-b-h-sf, \o tkma-cq-]n-
Zriy-am\w D]-Xn-jvtTX GX-ssb-hm-hrXm tkmtam Wn-bm-Wv. \ns lrZbw {]P-Isf t]mjn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
cmPm kn hnN-Wx ]-aptJm kn {]Pm-]Xn AXn nXn sNp tkma-a-WvUe k-Zr-i-amb
{_m-WkvX GIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ cmtm AarXw F\n--dn-bmw. Cu kXy-I-Y-\-m ]p{X-tim-
kvan tX\ aptJ\ amw AmZw Ipcp. cmPm X I- m F\n-s m-cn- epw ZpxJn- m-\ n- S-b m- I -cp- X v.
GIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ hntimXv kntX\ aptJ\ Cs\ sNmn-bm km[-Is km-\ - Ah-\p-
amw AmZw Ipcp. tiy\kvXp GIw tX\ aptJ\ apv arXn-
b - S - b p- I - b n- .
]n-tWmn tX\ aptJ\ am AmZw Iph- 7. AY t{]mjym-b ]p{Xky aq[m-\a - -`n-ar-
njvS GIw apJw tX\ aptJ\ Caw temI-an ti-Xv. AwKm-Zw-KmXv kw`-hkn lrZ-bm-Z-[n-Pm-btk
tX\ aptJ\ ama-mZw Ipcp Xzbn ]aw apJw Bm Xzw ]p{X-am-hn[ k Poh icZx iX-a-km-
tX\ aptJ\ khmWn `qXm-\ykvXn tX\ aptJ\ hnXn \mamky KrlvWm-Xn. Aivam `h ]c-ip
ama-mZw Ipcp. am kvamcw {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip- `h. lnc-Wy-a-kvXyXw `h. tXtPm ssh]p-{X-\m-
- t- -]jvSm tbm kvam tZzjvSn bw Nhbw
`n-ch amkn k Poh icZx iX- a m-k m-h nXn \mamky
Zznjva-kvX ky {]mtW\ {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c] -
- ob KrlvWmXn tb\ {]Pm-]Xnx {]Pmx ]cy-Kr-lvWmXv
tkzXn ssZho-am-hrXm amhr BZn-Xykym hrX- AcnjvssSy tX\ Xzm ]cn-Kr-lvW may kmhn{Xn
a-\zm-h CXn `nWw _lp-am-\zm-h - -tX. \mamky KrlvWmXn AYmky ZntW It
AY kwth-iy Pmbssb lrZ-b-a-`n-ar-ti-Zyt P]Xy kvssa {]bn aL-hp Pohn-jn-n-Xo{
kpkota lrZtb lnX ax {]Pm-]Xu at\ylw t{ijvTm\n {Zhn-Wm\n tZloXn kthy amnm
amw XZv hnZzmwkw tX\ am lw ]u{X-alw cpZ- am hyYnjvSm iXw icZ Bbptjm Poh-]p{X tX
anXn \lm-kvamXv ]qhmx {]Pmx ss{]Xo-Xn. \mav\m ap[m \a-h-Pn-{Lm-hy-km-hn-X n-{Xnap[m-
A\-cw hyXy-kvXa - mb Hcp D]m-k-\s
- bnbmWv \-a-hP- n-t{LXv Khmw Xzm lnm-tc-Wm-`nlnw Itcm-
]d-bp--Xv. ]uan Znhkw kybvv Ingp Znn aoXn {Xn aq[m\ a`n lnw Ipcym-Xv.
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 103

I A\y tZi-p-\npw Xncn-s-nb ]nXmhv Xs {]mW--fn-se-p-p. hopw {]mW--fn \npw Cu K

]p{Xs inc-n {LmWnv Cs\ ]d-bWw: AwK- kh in-Ifpw Bhn`-hn-p-p. Cu hn]-cn-Wm-a-s-
n\npw lrZ-b-n \npw Dm-b-h\ - m-Wv. \o -n-bp m\w knn hyn-bpsS B ]h-X-
Fs \c-I-n \nv cn-p. \o \qdp-hjw Pohn- n- \ p- t ]mepw A\m- Z - cn- m km[y- a - . Ahs\
n-cn-p-I. \o hwi-]c
- --csb hnn--am-n-o-cp-Xv. FXnp-- hv \mi-amWv ]cn- Wm-aw. Cu hn[w ImWp-
a\km hmNm ico-tcW \o Hcn-epw ]oUn-X\ - mbn Xoc- Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw apw sNp inip
cp-Xv. ]ip AXns InSm-hns\ hnfn-m i_vZa - p-m- Xs-bmWv {]mW.
p-X - p-t]mse Rm\pw \ns kvt\l-]qhw hnfn-p-
9. AYmtXm \nx t{ib-km-Zm\w khm l ssh
I-bm-Wv. Cs\ ]dv kqNn-n--s-n-p a{-
tZhXm Alw t{ibtk hnh-Z-am\mx AkvamZv ico-
bYm-hn[n sNm-Ww.
cmXv D-{Iapx Xm-cp-`qXw intcm ssY\Xv hmv
8. AYmtXm tZhx ]cn-kcx GXssZz {_m-Zn- {]hn-thi XZzmNm hZ-nipx Gh AssY-\-px
]ytX bZ- n PzeXn X{n-btX b PzeXn {]hn-thi XZzmNm Ah-Z - p jm ]iy-nipx
Xkym-ZnXy tah tXmtPm KXn hmbpw {]mWx Ghm ssY\Xv {]mWx {]hn-thi XZzm-N m-h-Z --
GXssZz {_ Zo]ytX bZm- Z ntXy ZriytX pjm ]iyXv t{imt{XW irWz a\-km-[ym-
AssY-X-{n-btX X Zriy tX Xky N{-amk b inip Ghm ssY\Xv {]mWx {]hn-th-iX -
- X
tah tXtPm KXn hmbpw {]mWx GXssZz {_- Gh kap-u tXtZhm {]mtW \nt{i-bkw
Zo-]ytX XZv hnZyp-tZym-XtX AssYX {nbXv b hnZnXzw {]mW-tah {]m-m\w A`nkw `qb
hntZym-XtX Xky hmbp-tah tXtPm KXn hmbpw ksslssXx kssh-c-kvamXv temImXv D-{Iapx
{]mWx Xm hmw GXmx khmx tZhXm hmbp-tah tX hmbp {]XnjvT m BIm-i m- m\x kzco- bp-
{]hniy hmbu arXm-\-NvOt Xkvam-ssh ]p\- kvXYm Gsshhw hnZzm kthjmw `qXm\mw
cp-`o-cX CXyZn ssZh-Xw. AYm-[ymw GXssZz {]mW-tah {]m-m\ a`n kw`qb ksslXx
{_ Zo]ytX bZzm-Nm-b-ZXy ssYX-{an-btX b kssh-c-kvamXv ico-cmXv DXv{Im-aXn k hmbp
hZXn Xky {_-Z o-]ytX b- pjm ]iyXn {]Xnjv T BIm- i m- m- k z- t cXn k XZv `hXn
GX-Xvv#n-btX b ]iyXn Xky t{im{X tah Xss{XtX tZhmk XXv {]m]y XZ-artXm `hXn
tXmtPm KXn {]mWw {]mWx GXssZz {_-Zo- bZ-arXmx tZhmx
]ytX b-\ km [ymbXy ssYX-{n-btX b
Hcn- hmv Npv t{im{Xw a\v FnhbpsS
[ymbXn Xky {]mW-tah tXtPm-K - X
- n. {]mWx
tZh-X-am Al-m-cn-I-fmbn X-fpsS t{ijvTXzw m]n-
Xm Gh GXm khmx tZhXmx {]mW-tah {]hniy
p--Xn-\mbn {]mW-t\m-sSmw ico-c-n \npw ]pd-
{]mW-n]vXm \ aqOt Xkvam ssZzh ]p\-cp-
p-t]m-bn. AXn-\p-tijw Cu C{n-b--fpsS tZh-X-am
Zo-c-tX. ZXy-Znl hm Ghw hnZzmw k D`u ]h-Xm- Hmtcm-cp--cmbn ico-c-n {]th-in-p. As\ {]th-
h`n {]ht-bmXmw XpkvXqj-amWm `n-W-
in--tXmsS icocw kwkm-cn-p--Xn\pw ImWp--Xn\pw
tm--c \ssl-ssh\w kvXrWzo-bmXmw AY
tIp--Xn\pw Nnn-p--Xn\pw B-cw-`-am-bn. Fm
b G\w Zznjn bmw kzbw tZzjvSn X G\w
{]mW Cm-Xn-cp--Xp-sImv th hn[-n Imcy-
kth ]cn- {an-b - t. irWz a\km [ymb
-aX {]Zin-n-m Ahv Ign-n-. AtXmsS
inipx Gh AssY-\Xv at\m {]hn-thi XZv hm
kIe C{n-b-pw {]mWs alXzw AwKo-Ic - n-
Nmh- Z pjm. ]iyXv t{imt{XW irWz
msX Xc-an-sp hp. {]mW-\mWv kthm-]cn al-
a\km [ymb inipx Ghm-ssY-\Xv {]mW.
Xz-sa-Xv Ah-scmw k-Xn-p. BImi kzcq-] - -fmbn
tZh-]-cn-k-c-s--n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv. Cu euIn- Ah kz-n-senx Aar-X-Xzhpw ssI hcn-p.
Imn ian-p-tm AXm-bXv acn-p-tm AXns
tXPv kqcy-\n-tebvv t]mIp-p. kqcy ad-bp-tm 10. AYmXx ]nXm ]p{Xobw kw {]Zm-\a - nXn N
AXns tXPv N{-\n-tebvv t]mIp-p. AXp-t]mse BN- - t X. ]nXm ]p{Xw t{]jv T - m- l z- b Xn \
N{s tXPv hnZyp-nepw hnZyp-n-sXv hmbp-hnepw sshXr- s sW- c w- K mcw kwkv X ocy Anw D]m- k-am-
{]th-i n-p-p. AtX {]Im-c-n Xs a\p-j y [mb DZ- I pw`w k{]m- { X- a p- ] - \ n- [ mb Bl- t X\
hmp aptJ\ FmtWm? kwkm-cn-p-Xv AXv {_- hmkkm kw{]-x kzbw tiyX GXy ]p{X\
cq]w Xs-bm-Wv. hmv Ah-km-\n-p-tm AXns D]-cn-jvSm-Z-`n-\ n-] -Zy-tX. C{n-s sb-c -tky-{n-bmWn
tXPv Np- n {]th-in- p-p. Npv AS- bp-tm kwkv ] r- i y m]n hm A`n- a p- J X Gh m k oX
AXns in ImXp-If - n {]th-in-p-p. ImXns AYmkvssa kw{]-b-Xn hmNw ta Xzbn Z[m-\oXn
in Ah-km-\n-p-tm AXv a\-n sNs-p- ]nXm hmNw tX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx {]mWw
p. a\v \njv{In-b-am-bn-o-cp-tm AXns tXPv taXzbn Z[m-\oXn ]nXm {]mWw tX abn Z[ CXn

N P

I ]p{Xx Np ta Xzbn Z[m-\oXn ]nXm. Np-
kvtX-abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx t{im{Xw ta Xzbn Z[m-
\oXn ]nXm t{km{Xw ta abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx
Am-c-kmXv ta Xzbn Z[m-\o-Xn. ]nXm A ckmw
kvtX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx ImWn ta Xzbn
Z[m-\o-Xn. ]nXm ImWn ta abn Z[ CXn. ]p{Xx
kpJ ZpxtJ ta Xzbn Z[m-\ o- X n. ]nXm kpJ
ZpxJtX abn Z[ CXn. ]p{Xx B\w cXnw
{]PmXow tX abn Z[ CXn. ]p{X CXymta Xzbn
Z[m-\oXn ]nXm CXymkvtX abn Z[ CXn ]p{Xx
[ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imam ta Xzbn ZnZm-\oXn
]nXm [ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imamw kvtX abn Z[
CXn ]p{Xx AY ZnWm hpXv {]mMp ]\n jv{Ia-
XnXw ]nXm \p a{-btX btim {_ h
ka-mZyw Ion kvXzmpj Xman-XytY Xcx
khyw ka-\z-t]-tX ]mWn\m A [mb hk-
\m-t\ hm{]-mZy kzmXv temImXv I Imam
\m]v\ p loXn kbcy KZx kymXv ]p{XssWy
iztcy ]nXm- k - h - t kXv ]cn- h m- t P- Z yZyp ssh
t{]bmZy tZssh\w kam-]-bmXn XYm. kam-]bn
Xthym `hXn XYm kam-]-bn-Xthym `h-Xn. CXn
ZznXo-tbm-[ym-bx
Xs Ay-Imew kao-]n-p-shv t_m[yw hm . kXy-kz-cq-]\
]nXm-hn\v ]p{Xs\ hnfnv Xs {]mW-i-nsb Ah- Fs a\-n-em-p-I. a\p-jy-Pm-Xnv Fs \-t]mse
\n {]Xn-jvTn- m-hp-- Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn Abm ]p{Xs a\-n-em-p-X
khmw-K-fpw kv]inv Xs hmv, {]mW {LmWw
Npv t{im{Xw A-ckw Iw kpJ ZpxJ-
km-t\m-Xv]m-Z\ in km-c-in _pn apX-em-
bh Ah\v {]Zm\w sNmw. ]p{X\v Ah kzoI-cn-m-hp-
- Xm-W.v AXn- \p- tijw ]nXmhv Pohn-n-cn- p- I-bm-sW-n
]p{Xs\ B{i-bnv Ign-p-Iq-Sp-Itbm k\ymkw kzoI-
cnv Krlw ssI shSn-bp-Itbm Bhmw. As\ ]p{X\v
]nXm-hns kh inIfpw ssI hcn-m Ignbpw
AtXmsS ]p{X ]nXm-hns bYm A\-c
in-bmbn `hn-p-p.
]p{X-t\mSv ]nXmhv ]d-bp-Xpw ]p{X {]Xyp--c- Ahs apJv \oe-a-bp-m-hn-.
ambn ]d-bp-X - p-amb hmIy--fmWv aqe-n Dsm-
p- -Xv.
aqmw Aymbw
1. {]XZt\m l ssZthm-Zm-kn-cn-{ky {]nbw
[mtam-] -P -K m-a . bpt\ N ]ucp-tjW N Xw
tl{x DhmNx {]XZ-\ , hcw tX ZZm \nXn.
ktlm-hmN {]XZ\x Xztah hrWojz bw Xzw
a\p-jymb lnX-Xaw a\yk CXn Xw tl{ Dhm-
Nb \ ssh htcm Ah-ckvssa hrWo-tX. Xztah
hrWo-tjy-tXyh ahtcm ssh Ine CXn tlm
hmN. {]ZZ\x AY Jep C{x kXym-tZh t\\m-
N P
104
b. kXyw lo{x ktlm-hm-N. am tah hnPm-\oln K
GX-tZ-h mlw a\p-jymb lnX-Xaw at\y-bamw
hnPm-\o-bm-Xv. {Xn{io-iojmWmw Xzmjv{S-a-l-\-a-
cpap-Jm-\y-Xo kmem-hr-tI`yx {]mbw hox
kw[m AXn-{Iay Znhn {]mZo bm\-XrW al-a-
-cot ]utem-am ]rYnhymw Ime-Jm-\-Pm.
Xky ta X{X \ tema N am aob-tX. ktbm amw
hnPm-\o-bm-mky tI\ N IWm temtIm aob-
tX. \ amXr-ht- [\ \ ]nXr-h-t[\ \ kvtXtb\
\ {`qW-lX - ybm \mky ]m]w N\-N-Irtjm apJm-
oew th XoXn.
Znthm-Zm-ks ]p{X-\mb {]X-\ Hcn- kz-
n t]mbn. At-l-ns bp NmXp-cyhpw ]pcp-
jmhpw Iv C{ hfsc kp-jvS-\mbn Cs\
]dp: "Rm Abvv Fp hcw XcWw?' {]X-
\ ]dp: "tZh-cm-P, Av GsXmcp hkvXp-hmtWm
a\pjy PmXnv awK-f-Im-cn-sbp a\-n-em-p-Xv AXv
Xcq. hcw Ap-Xs Xnc-s-Sp- p- I.'AXp- tIv C{
]dp: "hcw Bcpw A\yp-thn tNmZn-m-dn-.'
AXn- \m A-bvs-m- h-iytam AXv tNmZn-mw. {]Z-
\ ]d-p. A-s\-sb-n F\nv Hcp hchpw tNmZn-
m-\n-. C{ GXm-bmepw hmn \nv ]nam-dn-bn-
- mb C{ ]dp: "{]X-\, Av
- mWv awK-fI - -cw.'
{]Pm- ]-Xn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb hniz-cq-]-s\ {Xnin-c-ns\
Rm h{Pm-bp-[-m l\n-p. B{i-a{- `-jvS-cmb k\ym-
kn-amsc AwK-`wKw hcpn Ipdp-\c - n-Iv sImSp-p.
{]mZ ]cn-Nm-c-Ic - mb cm-kamsc sImpw {]tem-
am-kp-cs ]cn-Nm-I-scbpw Ime-Im-iy-sc ssZXy-scbpw
sImsm-Sp-n. AXp-sIm-smpw F\nv oWw `hn-
n-. Cs\ Fs a\-n-em-n-bm Abm-fpsS ]pWy-
temIw Ap-a - m-bn-cn-pw. Fs bYm kzcq]w
- m-hI
- m-
{Kln--hs\ Hcp ]m]hpw D]-{Z-hn-n-. Ah Hcp ]m]-
nepw ]m-fn-bm-In-. ]m]-{]-hrn Pm{K-m-bmepw
2. k tlm hmN {]mtWm kvan {]m-mXw
amam-bp-c-ar-Xa
- n-Xyp-]m-kzm. Bbpx {]mWx {]mtWm
hm Bbpx {]mW Ghm arXw bmhXv ln Ak-
an icotc {]mtWm hkXn Xmh Zmbpx {]mtW\
ln Gh Akvan temtI AarX Xzam-]vt\m-Xn.
{]tbm kXyw kev]w k tbm aam-bp-c-
ar-X-an-Xyp-]mkvtX kh-am-bp-c-kvan temI bG-
Xn. B]vt \mXn Aar-X Xzw AnXnw kzt-
temtI XssI Blp-tcI `qbw ssh {]mWm
K-o-Xn. \ ln I\ iIv\p bmXv kIr-ZzmNm
\ma-{]-m-]b - nXpw Npjm cq]w t{imt{XW
i_vZw a\-km-[ymXpw CXn GI-`qbw ssh{]mWmx

I GssI-I-ta-Xm-\n. khm-tWym-h-{]-m-]-bn
hmNw hZn kth {]mWm A\p-h-Z-n. Npx
]iyXv kth {]mWmx A\p-] -i yn t{im{Xw
irWzXv kth {]mWm A\p-ir-W z-n. {]mWw
{]mWmw kth {]mWmx A\p- {]m- W - o-X n.
Gh apssl-X-Z nXn tl{ DhmN AkvX n-tXzh
{]mWm\mw \nx t{ib-k-an-Xn.
hopw C{ ]d-p. "Rm {]- bpsS kmmXv
cq]-amb {]mW-\m-Wv. B {]mW\pw {]m-cq-]a - mb
Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-hs - \pw Adn-n-p C{-\mb
Fs Bbp-m-sWpw Aar-X-am-sWpw IcpXn D]m-
kn-p-I. {]mW Aar-X-am-Ip-p. AXp-Xs Bbp-pw.
Bbp-p-Xs {]mW. Cu tZl-n {]mW Dn-S-
tmfw am{Xta Bbp-p-q. Fm {]mW-cq-]n-bmb
Pohn ]c-tem-Ip t]mbn Aar-X-ns B\w A\p-
`-hn-p-p. {] aptJ-\ -bmWv kXym-k -Xy--fpsS
\n-bw. C{-\mb Fs Bbp-spw Aar-X-sapw
IcpXn D]m-kn-p--h temI-n ]qm-bp-p-hsc
Pohn-n-cpv kz {]m]vXn-p-tijw Hcn-epw \jvS-
am-I m Aar- X - X z- ns B\w A\p-` - h n- pw.
{]mWs\ kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Nne ]WvUn-X - m ]d-
bp-Xv Fm {]mW-fpw Htc `mhw tN-Xm-sW-m-
Wv. Hcmpw ImXp-sImv tIm\pw a\-p-sIm-v
Nnn-m\pw Ip-sImv ImWm\pw hmp-sImv ]d-
bm\pw Hcp-anv km[y-a-. Ah-sb-sm-p A\p-`hw
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw ka- b-m-Wv. a\p Nnn-p L-
n asm {]mW-fpw AXp-ambn kl-Ic - nv Nnm-
a-b-am-Ip-p. t\{Xw Fs-nepw ImWp-tm ap {]mW-
AXns\ A\p-k-cn-p-p. hmv Fs-nepw ]d-
bp-tm ap {]mW- AXns klm-bn-I-fm-Ip-p.
ImXp tIp- tmgpw A-s\--s. {][m\ {]mWs
Imcy-n ap {]mW- kl-I-cn- p- p. C{
]dp: ""Fm {]mW-fpw Hp-Xs - . Cu ]-{]m-
W-fpw IeymW kzcq-]n-I-fmWv F Imcyw bYm-
a-s{X.''
3. PohXn hmK-t]tXm aqIm ln ]iymtam
Pohn-Xn. Np ct] tXm Am ln ]iymtam
PohXn t{im{Xm t]tXm _[n-cm ln ]iymtam
Poh-Xn. at\m t]tXm _mem ln ]iymtam Poh-
Xn. _mlp-ntm Poh-Xyp-cp-n CXnx Ghw ln
]iyma CXn. AY Jep {]mW Gh {]mXv
taZw icocw ]cn-Kr-tlym-m-]-b-Xn.
hmv Cs-nepw a\p-jy Pohn-n-cn-p-p. aqI-\mb
hyn CXn-p-Zm-l-cW - a
- m-W-tm. A\pw Pohn-n-cn-
pp. _[n-c\pw acn-p-n-. a\- - n-bn-s-nepw
inip- Pohn-n-cn-p-p. ssIIm-ep-Itfm av AwK-
tfm \jvS-s--hcpw Pohn-n-cn-p-pv Fm {]mW-
\n- m ]w bmsXm-cmpw Hcn-epw Pohn-n-cn- m
Ign-bp-n-.
N P
105
Xkvam-t Z-X-tZh D]m-ko-X . tbm ssh {]mWx K
km {]m bm hm {]m k {]mWx k ln
GXm-h -k va n icotc hkXx ktlmXv {Ima-X -
kvXssky Gjm Gh ZrjvSnx GXXv hnm-\w.
b{X GXXv ]pcpjx kp]vXx kz]v\w \ I\
]iy- X yYmkv a n {]mW Gh GIYm `h- n.
XssZ\w hmIv kssh\m- a `nx klm- t ]yXn
t{im{Xw ksshx i_vssZx ktlm-]ytX a\x
ksshx [ymss\x klm-t]yXn k kZm {]Xn-
_p-[ytX bYm-t Pze\x khm-Zntim hniv]p-
enwKm hn{]-Xn-jvtT-c-th ta Ghw Xkvam Zm\x
{]mWm bYm bX\w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtWt`ym
tZhm tZtht`ym temIm. Xky Gjm Gh knnx
GXZv hnm\w. bss{X-XXv ]pcpj Btm
acn-j y- m-_ eyw t\yXy ktmlw t\yX-a-X `
lpx DZ-{I-a o- nw \ irtWmXn \ ]iyXn \
hmNm hZXn \ [ymb-Xy-Ym-kvan {]mW Gssh
IYm `hXn XssZ\w hmIv kssh \ma`nx klm-
t]yXn t{im{Xw ksshx i_vssZx ktlm-t]yXn
a\x ksshx [ymss\x klm-t]yXn bZm {]Xn-
_p-[ytX bYm-t PzetXm hnkv^p-enwKm hn{]-
Xn-jvtT-c-t-h-ta-sshX kvamZm-\x {]mWm bYm-
b-X \w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtWt`ym tZhm tZth
t`ym temImx
AXn-\m AXn-s\-s D]m-kn-p-I. {Inbm-i-n-
bpsS t_m[-ap-m-p {]mW Xs-bmWv m\-
n {]hn-p {]m--I-amb Bm-hv. AXp-
X-s-bmWv tZls Fm `mK- p-\ npw {Klnv
hyXykvX I- sNn- p-- Xv. AXn-\m Cu {]mW-
s\-s DIvY-sap IcpXn D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW-cq-]-
n {]kn-a - m-bn-pXpXs {]. {]bpw
{]mW\pw ico-c- n Hcp-anv Ign-bp- p. {]mW-ab
{_s kw_-n m\w CXm-Wv. Pohn-I apJy
{]mW-\n GIo-`-hn-p-tm kz]v\w ImWp-I-bn-. B
nXn-bn Pohn-I Xs \ma--tfmSpw t\{XmZn C{n-
b-- a\v Fnh-tbm-Sp-samv apJy {]mW-\n ebn-
p-p. Fcn-bp Xobn \nv Xosm-cn-I \mep-]mSpw
NnX-dp-p. AXp-t]mse a\p-jy m\w t\Snb tijw
{]mW-\m-Ip Bm-hn \npw hmv apX-emb Fm
{]mW-fpw ]pd-sv AXm-Xns m\--fn {Kln-
p-p. ]noSv Ah-bn \npw An XpS-nb tZh-
m {]Xy-s - v hn`n {]h-\- \S-m-\p
Imc-W-ambnocp-p.
{]mW-cq-]a- mb Bm-hns knn-sb--n-bm-sW-n
a\p- jy tcmKn-bmbn acn-m XpS- p- tm Ah in
lo\\pw sslX\y cln-X\ - p-am-Ip-p. Atm Ah\v
]cn-N-b- m-sctbm {]nb P\--sftbm Xncn- -dn- bm in-
bn-. B Ah-bvv {]mtWm-Xv{I-aWw Fp ]d-bp-
p. B L-n Ah Fs-nepw ]d-bp-Itbm

I tIp-Itbm a\-n-em-p-Itbm sNp-n-. tIhew
{]mW--fn ebn-n-cn-p-p. Atm \ma, cq], i_vZ
Nnm-Zn-I {]mW-\n ebn-p-p. Fm ac-Wm-\-
cw Ah ]p\Pw kzoI-cn-ptm Pzen-p
An-bn Xosm-cn-I ]pd-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse {]mW-cq-
]n-bmb Bm-hn \npw ]-{]m-W-fpw ]pd-sv
Ah-cpsS m\w kzoI-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTm-
Xm-hmb An apX-emb tZh-X-I {]Xy--sv temIw
\maw XpS-n-b-hsb bYm-tbmKyw ssIsm-p-p.
4. k bZm Akv a mXv ico- c mXv DXv{ Im-a Xn
kssl ssh ssXx kssh- c p-X v{ Im- a Xn hmK-
kvamXv khmWn \mam\n A`n-hn-kr-P-tX. hmNm
khmWn \mam\n B]vt\m-Xn. {]mtWm kvam
khm Km B]v t \m- X n. Np- c - k v a mXv
khmWn cq]mWn A`n- h n- k r- P - tX. Npjm
khmWn cq]mWn B]vt \m-Xn. t{imX-a-kva mXv
khm i_vZ m A`n-hn-kr-P-tX. at\m-kvamXv
khmWn [ym\m\n A`n- h n- k r- P - t X. a\km
khmWn [ym\m\n B]vt\m-Xn. sskjm {]mtW
khm]vXnx tbm ssh {]mWx km {]m bm
hm {]m k {]mWx kl- t ]yXm hkv a n
icotc hkXx ktlmXv {Ima-Xx. AY Jep bYm
Assky {]mssb khmWn `qXm\n GIw
`h-Xn. XZv hymJym kymax
icocw hnp-t]m-Ip Pohn DXv{I-an-p L-n
AXv Fm C{n-b-fpw tNmWv DXv{I-an-p--Xv.
Atm hmv kIe \ma- - sfbpw XyPn-p-p. {LmtW-
{nbw K-c-ln-X-am-bn-o-cp-p. t\{X- bmsXmpw
ImWm in-bn-m--h-bmbn `hn-p-p. sNhn kh-
i-_vZ - -sfbpw shSn-bp-p. a\v Nnn-m-\p-X-Ip
kIe hnj-b--sfbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-p. Cs\ {]mW-
cq-]n-bmb Bm-hn kIe C{n-b-fpw kan--s-
Sp-p. Ah X-fpsS hnj-b-sf ]q-ambpw ]cn-Xy-
Pn-p-I- bm-W.v
{] Fv ]d-b p- Xp Xs-b mWv {]mW.
{]mW Xs {]. cpw tZl-n tNv Ign-bp-
p. Hcp-anp Xs cpw DXv{I-an-p-p. {]-bn
C-s\-bmWv kh-`q-X-fpw GIo-`-hn-p-Xv Fv hni-
Zo-I-cn-mw.
5. hmtK hmkym GI-aw-K-ap-ZrVw Xky \ma
]c-k vX mXv {]Xn-h n- l n-X m-` q- X - a m-{ Xm. {LmWta
hmkym GI-aw-K-ap-ZqVw Xky Kx ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. Np-tc-hmkym GIaw
Kap-ZqVw Xky cq]w ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-
am{Xm t{km{X-ta-hmkym GI-awKw kpZrVw Xky
i_vZx ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am{Xm Pnssl-
hmkym GI-a w- K w. apZqUw Xkym- - c kx ]c-
k v X mXv {] Xn- h n- l n- X m. `qX - a m{Xm l k v X m
N P
106
thhmkym GI-a m-{X-a p-Z q-V w. Xtbm I ]c- K
kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. ico-c-ta-hmkym
GI awK-ap-ZqVw Xky kpJ ZpxtJ ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn hnlnXm `qX-am-{Xm. D] Ghmkym GI
awK-ap-ZqVw Xkym-\tm cXnx {]PmXnx ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-h n-lnXm `qX-am-{Xm. ]mZm-th-hmkym GIaw
Kap-Zq-Vw. Xtbm-c nXym ]c-kvXmXv {]Xn-hn-ln-Xm-
`qX am{Xm {]t - h mky GI - a w- K - a p - Z qVw
Xssky [ntbm. hnm-Xmhyw Imam ]c-kvXmXv
{]Xn-hn-lnXw `qX-am-{Xm.
hmv {]-bpsS Hcw-K-ns ]qo-I-cWw \nh-
ln-p-p. B C{nbw AXns hnj-b-n-\\ - p-cq-]-ambn
]pd-tbvv Bi-b- hnSp-p. AXp-t]mse {]-
bpsS Hcp AwK-ns ]qo-Ic - Ww {LmtW-{nbw
\nh-ln-p-p. AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-k-c-Wa - mbn K-
I-dn-bp-p. t\{Xw {]-bpsS asmcp AwKs
]pjv Sn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-cq-]-am-bn-p-
Xv cq]-am-Wv. t{imt{X-{nbw {]-bpsS asm-cw-Ks
]q-am-p-p. AXn-\-\p-cq-]a - mb hnjbw i_vZa - m-Wv.
\mpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]q-am-p-p. AXns
kz`mhw kzmZv Xncn--dn-bp-I-bm-Wv. ssIIfpw {]-bpsS
asm-cw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns {]h\
aWvUew I-am-Wv. tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks
]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. AXns {]h\ aWvUew I-
am-Wv. tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-
p. AXns hnj-b-n-\\ - p-cq-]-am-bn-p-Xv kpJ-Zpx-J-
-fm-Wv. D]-hpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]cn-]p-jvS-
am-p-p. AXns {]h\ aWvUew I-am-Wv.
tZlhpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]pjvSn-s-Sp- p-p.
AXns hnj-b-n-\-\p-cq-]-am-bn-p-Xv kpJ-Zpx-J--fm-
Wv. D]-hpw {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks ]cn-]p-jvS-am-p-
p. AXns _mly-hn-j-b- cXnbpw km-t\m-ev]m-
Z-\h
- p-amWv. Imep-Ifpw {]-bpsS cwKs ]q-am-
p-p. AXns _mly-hn-jbw \S-p-Ibpw k-cn-p-
I-bp-am-Wv. {]-bpsS Hcw-Ks {] Xs ]q-
am-pp. AXns _mly-h n-j -b- _pn-ap-tJ\
A\p-`-hn-m Ign hkvXp-fpw a\p-jys Hmtcm
B{K-l--fp-am-Ip-p.
6. {]bm hmNw kam-cply hmNm khmWn
\mam-\ ym-] vt\m-X n. {]bm {]Ww kam-c q]y
{]mtW\ khm Km B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm
Npx kam-cply Npjm khmWn cq]mWn
B ]v t \ m- X n. {] bm t{im{Xw kam- c ply
t{imt{XW k hm i _v Z m B ]v t \m- X n.
{]bm Pnlzmw kam-cp]y Pnlzbm lnkhm
A-c-km B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm lkvXu kam-
cply lkvXm`ymw khmWn IamWn B]vt\m-
Xn. {]bm icocw kam-cply ico-tcW kpJ
ZpxtJ B]vt\m-Xn. {]bm D]w kam-cply
 107

I D]-t\ B\w cXnw {]PmZnw B]vt\m-Xn. {]m t]Xm lkvXu In\ {]m ]tb\ K
{]bm ]mZu kam-c ply ]mZm`ymw khm- \m a\y-{Xta at\m `qZn-Xym-l. \ml-ta-XXv I
CXym B]vt\m-Xn. {]-ssb-h[ - nbw kam-cply {]m- k n- j - a nXn \ln {]m- t]Xw icocw
{]-ssbh [ntbm hnm-Xhyw Imam-\m-]vt\m- kpJw ZpxJw In\ {]m-] tb Z\y{X ta
Xn. at\m `qZnXym l. \ml taXXv kpJ- Z pxtJ
{]m-kn-j -a n-Xn. \ ln {]m-t]Xu ]mZm-
a\p-jy hmv hiw hZ-amn {]-ap-tJ\ Xs-
hnXym Im\ {]m-]t- b-Xm-a-\y{X ta at\m
bmWv \ma-sf {Kln-p-- X.v {]- ap-tJ\ Xs-bmWv
`qZn-X ym-l . \ml-ta-X m-anXmw {]m-k n-j -a n-Xn.
{]mW-\n A[n-Imcw sNepn Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap
\ln {]m-t]-X[ox ImN\ knty {]m-
K--sfbpw {Kl-p--Xv. {] aptJ\ XsbmWv
Xhyw {]m-b-tX.
t{im{X- i_vZ-sf {Kln-p--Xv. As\ {ihW
{Inb kw`-hn-p-p. {] aptJ\ Xs-bmWv \mv {]-tbmSp IqSm--Xm-sW-n Hcp hmpw Hcp
A-ckw {Klnv hn`n {]Im-c-n-ep kzmZv Adn- \ma-n-sbpw t_m[w Df-hm-p-Ib - n-. Cu Ah--
bp--Xv. ssII hnhn[ I-mbn {]hn-p- bn Fs a\v C `mK-m-bn-cp-p. "F\nv B
Xpw {Inbm-io-e-am- Ip-Xpw {] aptJ-\-bm-Wv. icocw Imcyw a\-n-em-m Ign-n' Fsmw ]d-bp-tm
hnhn-[--fmb kpJ ZpxJ--f-\p-`-hn-p-Xpw {]- {]m- lo-\-amb C{nb {]h-\-sa- n Imcy- t_m[w
bm Xs. D]w t`mKm--I-amb {]P-\\ - -{Inb sNp- Dm-hp-n-. {]m-lo- \-amb C{nb {]h-\-sa- n
Xpw {]-bm Xs. Imep-I Ka-\m-Ka - \ I- Imcy-t_m[w Dm-hp-n-. {]m-lo-\-amb t\{X-n\v
sNp- Xpw {]-b m Xs. {]-bm cq]w I-dn-bm km[y-a-. {]m lo\-amb t{im{Xw
{]-bn A[n-Imcw m]n-mWv a\p-jy ]e hn[- bmsXmcp i_vZs - bpw tIm i-a - . {]m
n-ep B{K-l - km[n-p--Xv. lo\-amb \mhn\v A ckm-kzm-Z\w km[y-a-. {]-
bn-m ]w ssIIv Hcp {]hr-n-sb--n-bp-ap
7. \ln {] m- t ]Xm hmMv \ ma In \ m\w e`n-n-. {]m-lo-\-amb tZlw Hcp hn[-
{] m- ] - t bXv A\y{X ta at\m A]- ` q- Z n- n-ep kpJ-Zpx-J-fpw Adn-bp-I-bn-. {]m-lo-\-
Xyml\ml- t a- X - ma {]m- k n- j -a n-X n. \ln amb D]w {]P-\\ - {- Inbm ka-a-. {]m-c-ln-X-
{]m-\m-t]Xx {]mtWm Kw I\ {]m- amb ]mZ-v t]mImt\m ]cmt\m Hpw th hn[-
]tb Z\y{X ta at\m `qZnXym l \ml-taXw n km[y-a-. _un-I -amb bmsXmcp Imcyhpw
Kw {]m knj anXn. \ln {]m t]Xw {]-bn-s-n th-hn[w \S-p-I-bn-.
Np-cq]w In\ {]m-]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m
`qZnXym-l. \ml-ta-XZv cq]w {]mkn j anXn. 8. \ Nmbw hnPnm koX hmcw hnZym. \
\ln {]m t]Xw Np-cq]w In\ {]m- Kw hnPn- m- k oX cq]- h nZym hnZym- X v . \
]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m `qZn Xyml. \ml-ta-XZv i_vZw hnPn-m-koX Imcw hnZym kpJ
cq]w {]mkn j anXn. \ {] m- t ]Xw ZpxtJ hnPn-m-koX kpJ-Zpx-Jt- bm hnPn-m-
t{im{Xw i_vZw I\ {]m ]tb-Z\ - y{X ta Xmcw hnZym-Xv. \m\w cXow \ {]PmXow hnPn-
at\m-`q-Zn-Xyml \ml-taXw i_vZw {]m knj m-koX B\-ky ctXx {]Pm tX hnm-
anXn. \ln {]m t]Xm Pnlzm A ckw Xmcw hnZym-Xv. t\Xymw hnPn-mko ssXXmcw
I\ {]m-]tb Z\y{X ta at\m`qZnXym-l. hnZym-X v. Xm hm GXm-Z -ssih `qX-a m{Xm A[n-
\ml- t aXw A- c kw {] m- k n- j - a n- X n, \ ]w Zi {]m-am{Xm A[n `qXw. bn `qX-
{]m t]Xm lkvXu In\ {]m ]tb\ am- { Xm- \ - k yp \ {]m am{Xm kyq bZzm
\m a\y-{Xta at\m `qZn- X ym- l \mltaX- ma {]m am{Xm \ kyp \`qX am{Xm kypx
{]m-kn-j-an-Xn. \ln {]m-\m-t]Xx {]mtWm hmv Adn-bp-X - p-sIm-p-am{Xw Hcp {]tbm-P-\h
- p-an-
Kw I\ {]m- ] tb Z\y{X ta at\m . hmns\ t{]cn-n-p Bm-hns\ a\-n-em--
`qZnXym l \ml-taXw Kw {]m knj anXn. Ww. Ks am{Xw Adn-bm {ian--Xp-sIm-m-bn-.
\ln {]m t]Xw Np-cq]w In\ {]m- Ks {Kln- p Bm-h ns\ Adn-b-Ww. cq]w
]tb Z\y-{X. ta at\m `qZnXym-l. \ml-ta-X Zv am{Xw Adn-bp-hm-\p {kaw shdp-sX-bm- W.v cq]--\mb
cq]w {]mkn j anXn. \ {] m- t ]Xw Bm-hn-s\-bmWv Adn-tb--Xv. i_vZw Adn-bm am{Xw
t{im{Xw i_vZ w I\ {]m-]-tb-Z-\y{X ta {ian--Xp-sIm-m-bn-. i_vZw {ihn-p Bm-hns\
at\m-`q-Zn-Xyml \ml-taXw i_vZw {]m knj Adn-tb-X - p-v. A-ck - -s-- n-bp m\w e`n-
anXn. \ln {]m t]Xm Pnlzm A ckw p-sa B{Klw shdp-sX-bm-Wv. AXm-Xns Im-
I\ {]m-]tb Z\y{X ta at\m `qZnXym- hmb Bm-hns\ Adn-tb--Xp-.v kpJ ZpxJ-s-n
l. \ml-taXw A-ckw {]m-knj anXn, \ Adn-bp--h\pw A\p-`-hn-p--h\ - p-amb Bm-h n-s \-
N P

I bmWv a\-n-em-t--X.v {]P-\\ Ihpw AXns B\-
hpw Adn-X - p-sIm-p-am-{X-am-bn-. {]tPm-ev]-n-sb-
n Adn-hp Bm-hns\ a\-n-em--Ww. Kam-\K - -
a\ {Inb-I-sf-n am{Xw Adn-X - p-sIm-m-bn-. Kam-\-
K-a\
-
- v kmn-bm-bn-cn-p Bm-hns\ a\-n-
em--Ww. a\-n-s\-n Adn-m am{Xw t]mcm a\\
ioe-amb Bm-hns\ Adn-b-Ww. {]-bn nXn-
sN-p \mamZn hnj-b- Cu ]p `qX-am-{X-Ifpw
`qX--fn nXn-sN-p hmv apX-emb C{n-b-
Dsmp ]v {]m am{X-I-fp-am-Ip-p. `qX-am-
{X-I-fn-s-n {]m-am-{X-I-fpsS AnXzw km[y-a - .
Ch cn Hn-s\bpw X\nsb Xs GsX- nepw
hnjb hntij knnv ka-ambn Icp-Xm ]mSn-.
AXp-sIm-v, `qX-am-{X-Ifpw {]m-am-{X-Ifpw Bh-iy-
am-Ip-p.
9. \ln A\y-X-ctXm cq]w In\ knty-Xv,
t\m GX- m- \ m, XZy- Y m- c - Y - k ym- t cjp t\an
cntXm \m`m-hcm An-Xm. Gh-ta-ssh-Xmx-`q-
X-am{Xmx {]m-a m-{X-k znXm {]m-am-{Xmx-
{]mtW nXmx k Gj {]mW Gh {]m-
m-\m-\t Ptcm arXw \ km[p\m IaWm
`qbmtm Ghm km[p\m I\o-bm. Gjtly
ssh\w km[p Ia Imc-bXn Xw b tat`ym temtI
`yx Dn-\o-jX Gj D Gssh\ a km[p Ia
Imc-bXn Xta-t`ym-tem-tI`yx Dn-\o-jk - t- X. Gj
temI-]mex Gj temIm-[n-]Xn tcY kthix k
a BtXn hnZymXv k a BtXn hnZym-Xv. CXn
XrXo-tbm-ymbx
bYm-n {]m-am-{X-bp-sSbpw `qX-am-{X-bp-
sSbpw kzcq-]-n am-an-. cY-t\an Ac--fnepw Ac-
cY-\ m-` n- b nepw kam-{i-b n- n-cn- p- -X p-t ]mse
`qX {]m-am-{X-I-fnepw {]m-am-{X-I {]mW-
\nepw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu {]mW AP-chpw Aa-chpw
kpJ-a-bhpw {]m-m-hp-am-Wv. Cu {]mW Da
I--fm Db {]m]n-p-Ibpw \oN-I--fm
Db {]m]n-p-Ibpw \oN-I--fm bw {]m]n-
p-Ibpw sNp-n-. apI-fn-se-m B{K-ln-p a\p-
jy-s\-smv ip`-I- sNn-p-Xpw A[x-]X - n-
m-\m-{K-ln-p--h-s\-smv ZpjvI- sNn-p-
Xpw {]m-cq-] - nepw {]mW-cq-]-nepw Cuiz-c
Xs-bm-Wv. Cu Bmhv kh-tem-I - pw A[o-
i\pw temI kwc--I\pw kI-e-n\pw A[n-]-Xn-bp-
am-Ip-p. Cu KpW- tN {]mW Xs-bmWv
Bm-shv a\-n-em-p-I.
\memw A[ymbw
1. AY KmtKym l ssh _mem Inc-\q-Nn\x
kwkv]rjv S Bk. tkm hZZp-io-\-tcjp kh-
N P
108
k atyjp Ipcp ]mm-tejp Imio-h n-tZ- K
tljp CX k l APmX i{Xpx Imiy taXy
Dhm- N . {_tX {_hm- W oXn Xw tlmhmN
APmX i{Xpx kl{kw XZva kvX CtXy-Xkymw
hmNn P\tIm P\I CXn hm D P\m [mh-o-Xn.
K-hw-i-n ]nd KmKy Fsmcp {_-W
Dm-bn. At-l-ns ]nXm-hns t]cv _emI Fm-
bn-cp-p. thZw \-hw A`y-kn--h-\m-Wv. IqSmsX thZ-
sf A[n-I-cnv {]h-N-\-fpw \S-n-bn-cp-p. As\
Ion t\Snb Dio-\c - -tZ-k-hm-kn-bm-bn-cpp At-lw.
Xs hk-Xn-bn Xs nc-ambn Xma-kn-msX ]e-
tZ-ipw ]cy-S\w \S-n. As\ Nne Znhkw Imin-
bnepw Nne Znhkw Ipcp-t-{X-nepw ]ns ]mme
tZi-nepw Nne-tm ay-tZ-i - nepw Nne-tm
anYnem cmPypw Xma-kn-p. Hcp Znhkw Atlw Imio-
cm-Pm-hmb APmX i{Xp-hn-t\mSn KmKy Al-m-c-
tmsS ]d-p. "Rm \nv {_- m-t\m- ]- tZiw
sNmw.' AXp-t Iv cmPmhv ]dp: "{_, Cu
Ir]bvv Rm Abvv Bbncw ]ip- sf Xcmw. Cm-
ev B {]P-I P\-I P\-I Fp ]d-p-sImv
P\-Is ASp-tbvv HmSn-s-p-I-bm-Wv.
2. ktlm hmN _emInx b Gsshj BZntXy
]pcpj- k vX -ta-h m- l -a p-] mk CX. Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb - njvTmx
_rlXv ]m-c - h mkm AXnjvT x kthjmw
`qXm\mw aqt[Xn hm Al-t a- X - a p-] mk CXn
k tbm s s l X tah ap ] mk vtX X nj v T mx
kthjmw `qXm \mw aq[m `hXn
B KmKy ]d-p kqcy-a--e - n hncm-Pn-
p Cuiz-cs - \-bmWv Rm {_m-_p-[ym-km-[\w
sNp-Xv? APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-b-s-
n Hpw ]d-b-cpXv B ip`-hk - v{X-[m-cn-bmWv Ghpw
henb alm. AXv Fm-n-s\bpw AXn-{I-anv Fm-
n\pw apI-fn \ne-sIm-p-p. AXp Xs Fm-n-
sbpw inc-v. Rm AXns\ AtX-{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-
p. kqcy-a-WvU-eh - n-bmb B ]pcp-js\ Cs\
D]m-kn-p a\p-jy Fm-n-s\bpw ISv Ghpw
Db m\-s-p-p. Ah kh-Po-hn-If - p-sSbpw
incv t]mse `hn-p-p.
3. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj N{-
akn ]pcp- j - Y - k v X - t a- h mlw D]mk CXn Xw
tlmhmNm PmX-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-
bnjvT mx tkmtam-c mPm A-k y. BtXn hm
Al-ta-X-ap-]mtk CXn k tbm tah-ap-] m-ktX
Aky Bm `hXn
KmKy ]d-p. Rm N{-a-WU v -e-n {]Xn-jvTn-
n--s-n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cuiz-cs\bmWv D]m-
kn-p-X - v. AXp Xs {_w AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp

I ]d-p ""Av Am-cysn Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Cu
N{ kI-e-n\pw cmPm-hm-Wv. A- ns {]mW-\mb
AXns\ Rm CtX-hn[w D]m-kn-p-p. N{a--e-
n {]Xn-j vTn--s -n-cn-p ]pcp-js\ {_-cq-]-
n D]m-kn-p a\p-jy Xo-bmbpw A-ns
Bm-hmbn `hn-p-p.
4. ktlm- h mN _memI nx tbm Gs shj
hnZypXn ]pcpjx GXta hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn
Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan ka-
hm-Z -bnjvT mx tXP-k ym- tXn hml-ta-X -a p-] mk
CX k tbm sslX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX tXPkx Bm-
`hXn
KmKy ]d-p hnZyp--WvU-e-n AK-X-
ambn A-cm-an-bm-bn-cn-p {_s Rm D]m-kn-
p-p. AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p. Av CXn-s\-
n Hpw ]d-b-. Rm tXP-ns Bm-shp Icp-
Xn-bmWv CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv. hnZyp--e- -n
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-bn-cn-p {_s Cu \ne-bn D]m-
kn-p--h tXP-ns Bm-hm-bn-o-cpw.
5. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj kvX\-
bn\vXu ]pcp-j-kvXt- ahm l ap]mk CXn Xwtlm-
hmN APm-X - i {Xpx am am GX-k va n kwhm-Z -
bnjvTm i_vZ-kym-tXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn
k tbm sslX-ta-hm-ap]m kvtX i_vZ-kymm
`hXn
XpSv KmKy ]d-p taL-a - e
- -n {]Xn-
jvTn--s-n-cn-p A-cym-an-bmb Cuiz-cs\ Rm
{_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-p-p. APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p-
-Av AXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm AXns\
i_vZ - ns Bmhv Fp Icp-Xn-bmWv D]m-kn-p-
- X v . As\ taL-a - -e - n nXn- s N- p
{_s i_vZ - ns Bm-hm-sWp IcpXn D]m-
kn-p-h - i_vZ - ns Bm-hmbn `hn-p-p.
6. ktlm-hmN _mem-Inxb Gsshj BIm-ti-
]p- c p-j - k vX -t a-h m- l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb
]qW-a-{]-hrn {_tXn hm Al-ta-Xa
CXn k tbm sslX- t a- h - a p- ] mkvt X ]qcytX
{]Pbm ]ip`nx t\m Gh kzbw \mky {]Pm-]pcm
ImemXv {]h-tX.
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p BIm-ia -
- e
nXn-sN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_-
cq-]-n D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p-
-Av AXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-. CXv {]hr-n-iq-
\yhpw {_-hp-am-Wv. B \ne-bn Rm\-Xns\ D]m-kn-
p- p. BIm- i - a - - e - n nXn- s N- p B
{_s Cu `mh-\-tbmsS D]m-kn-p hyn km-
N P
109
\--fmepw arK--fmepw k--\m-Ip-p. Ahs km- K
\- AIm-e-ar-Xyp-hn\v Cc-bm-In-.
7. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj hmbu-
]p- c p-j - k vX -t a-h m- l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
i{Xp am am GX-kva n kwhm-Z-bnjv T m Ct{m
sshIpWvTx A]-cm-Pn-X m-tk-t\Xn hm Al-taX
ap]mk CXn k tbm sslX- t a- h - a p- ] mkv t X
PnjvW pl-hm-] -cm-Pn-jv Wp-c-\p-kvXym-Pmb `hXn
XpSv KmKy ]d-p hmbp aWvU-e-n
nXn-sN-p A-cym- an- bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_s\
\ne-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p
Av CXn-s\-n Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. CXv C{-\m-Wv. CXp
Xs sshIp-WT v w. CXp Xs Hcn-epw tXmm
hoc-tk-\. Rm AXns\ CtX \ne-bn D]m-kn-p-
p. AXns\ Cs\ D]m-kn-p hyn Hcn-epw
]cm-P- b-s-Sp-n-. Ah kZm-i-{Xp-hn hnPbw t\Sp-p.
8. k tlmhmN _mem-Inxb Gsshj Au
]pcp,-kvX-ta-hm-la
- p-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN APm-
X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan ka-hm-Z-bnjvTm hnjm-
k-ln-cnXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn ktbm-ssl-
X-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX hnjm-k-lnhm Gj `hXn
]ns KmKy ]d-p An a-e-n nXn-
sN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ Rm {_-sa
\ne-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p.
Av Cu hnj-b-s-n Hpw ]d-b-. CXv hnjm-k-
ln-bmWv Rm AXns\ AtX `mh-n D]m-knp-p.
An a-e - n nXn-sN-p ]pcp-js\ Cu
`mh-n D]m-kn-p--h A\y-cpsS B{I-aWw sNdp-
m ka-\m-Ip-p.
9. k tlmhmN _memInx bx Gssh-j-a]vkp
]pcp-j - k vX - ta-h m-l -a p-] mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Zb - njvTmx
\mav \ m AtXn hm Al- t a- X p- a p- ] mk CXn
tbmssl-X - ta-h -a p-] mkvtX \mav\ Bm-`-h Xn
CXn A[n-ssZ-hXw AYm [ymw
- njvTmx
- p-]mk XpSv KmKy ]d-p. Rm Pe-n nXn-
sN-p A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-js\ {_-sa \ne-bn
D]m-kn-p-p. APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p. Av CXn-s\-n
Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. CXv \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fpsS Bm-
hmWv Fp a\-n-emn Rm D]m-kn-p-p. Cs\
- -n
D]m-kn-p--h \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fpsS Bm-hm-
bn- o-cp- p. C{Xbpw A[n-ssZ-hn-Ia - mb D]m-k -\sb
kw_-n-X - .v C\n B[ym-n-tIm-]m-k-\s - b-n ]d-bmw.
10. k tl mhmN _memInx b G ss hj
BZti ]pcp-j -kvXt- ahm l ap]mk CXn Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-

I Z-bnjvTm {]Xn-cq] CXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn
k tbm s sl X- t a- h - a p- ] mk v t X {]X n- c qt]m
sslhmky {]Pm-bm-am-Pm-btX \m{]-Xn-cq]x
XpSv KmKy ]d-p Z-W - nXn-sN-
p Cu ]pcp-js\ Rm {_-sa \ne-bn D]m-
kn-p-p. Atm APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p Av CXn-
s\-n Hpw ]d-tb-. Rm CXns\ {]Xn-cq-]`- m-th\
D]m-kn-p-p. Z-W
- n nXn-sN-pp ]pcp-js\
Cu `mh-\t- bmsS D]m-kn-ph {]Xn-cq-]K
- p-hm-\m-bn-
o-cp Ahs km-\- Ahv Xpey-cm-Ip-p.
11. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj {]Xn-
{ip-XvImbmw ]pcp-j-kvXt- a-hm-l-ap-]mk CXn Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-
Z-bnjvTm ZzoXn tbm\-]K CXn hm Al-ta-Xa - p-]mk
CXn k tbm sslX-ta-\a - p-]mkvtX hntX AZzn-
Xo-b-hm `hXn
]nsbpw KmKy ]d-p Rm {]Xn-[z\n \nln-
X-\m-bn-cn-p ]pcp-js\ {_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-
p-p. CXp-tIv AXm-P-i{Xp ]dp Av CXn-s\-
n Hpw ]d-tb-. Rm AXns\ ZznXo-b-sbpw A\p-
]-Ks
- bpw IcpXn D]m-kn-p-p. [z\n-bn nXn-sN-
p ]pcp-js\ Cu `mh-\-tbmSp IqSn D]m-kn-p a\p-
jy AZzn-Xo-b-\mbn `hn-p-p.
12. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj i_vZx
]pcp-j-a-t\zXn Xta-hm-l-ap-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kw hmZ bnjvTmx
Akp- c nXn hm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn- k tbm
sslX-ap-]mkvtX t\m Gh kzbw \mky {]Pm-
]p-cm-Im-emXv kwtam-l-taXn
]ns KmKy ]d-p Ka-\-io-e-\mb hynbpsS
]pdsI [z\n-tbmSp IqSn ]mZ-[z\n tIp-p. AXn-
ep {_-s-bmWv Rm D]m-kn-p--Xv. Atm
APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p Av CXns\ kw_-nv Hpw
]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm AXns\ {]mW-cq-]-n-emWv D]m-kn-
p--X.v Atm AXns\ A{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p a\p-
jy ]qm-bp-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs km-
\-fpw ]qm-bp-n-se-msX arXn-b-S-bp-n-.
13. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj Ombm
]pcpj k Xta-hm-la - p-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvT m
arXyp-c nXn hm Al-ta-X -a p-] mk CXn k tbm
sslX- ta-h -a p-] mkvtX t\m Gh kzbw \mky
{]Pm-]p-cm-Im- emXv {]ao-btX
XpSv KmKy ]dp Hcp hyn-tbm-sSmw
ImWp Ahs Ombsb AXm-bXv Ombm-]p-cp-js\
Rm {_-cq-]
- n D]m-kn-p-p. Atm APm-X-
N P
110
i{Xp ]d-p. Av Cu hnj-b-s-n Hpw ]d-b-cp- K
Xv. Cu Omb arXyp-cq-]n-bm-Wv. Rm AXns\ CtX `mh-
\-tbmsS D]m-kn-p-p. AXns\ Cu cq]-n D]m-kn-
p-h- AIm-eN - c
- -a
- n\v ]m{X-am-Ip-n-. Ahs
km-\-pw AIm-eN - -caw Dm-hn.
14. k tlmhmN _memInx b Gsshj icocx
]pcp-j -kvX-t a-h ml ap]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN
APm-X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvT m
{]Pm- ] - X n- c nXn hm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn k
tbmssl-Xa - p-]mkvtX {]Pm-btX {]Pbm ]ip`nx
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p ]pcp-j-i-co-c-n D
]pcp-js\ Rm {_-s ap IcpXn D]m-kn-p- p.
Atm APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-b-s-
n Hpw ]d-b-. CXv {]Pm-]-Xn-bmWv Rm CXns\
CtX cq]-n-emWv D]m-kn-p--X.v ico-c-n \nh-kn-
p ]pcp-js\ {]Pm-]Xn F `mth\ D]m-kn-p--
h km-\--fmepw arK--fmepw karn t\Sp-p.
15. ktlm-hmN _memInx b Gsshj {]m
Bm tb\ GXXv ]pcpjx kp]vXx kz]v\-bm-N-
cXn Xtahm lap-]mk CXn Xw tlmhmN APm-
X-i{Xpx am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-bnjvTm btam-
cm-tPXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn k tbm sslX-
ap- ] mkv t X khw {]Pm- b tX lmkv a m CZw
t{ijvTymb baytX
]ns KmKy ]d-p {]-hm\pw {]mW-cq-]n-
bp-amb Bm-hn-t\mSv kwbp-\ - mb ]pcp-j kpjp-
]vXm-h- -bn kz]v\a- m-n IqSn k-cn-p-p.
Rm AXn-s\--s-bmWv {_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-
p--X.v CXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av AXns\
kw_-nv Hpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm CXns\ ba-cq-]-n-
emWv D]m-kn-p--Xv. AXns\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p
a\p- jys\ t{ijvT-\mbn IcpXn am\n- m Fm temIhpw
Ahs apn \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
16. ktlm-hmN _memInx bx Gsshj Zn-
tW- ]pcp-jkvX tahmlw D]mk CXn Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xp am am GX-kvan kwhm-Z-
bnjvT m \mav\ Bm At-c mm tPymXnj
Bt- X nhm Al- t a- X - a p- ] mk CXn k tbm
sslX-tah ap]mkvtX GtXjmw kth-jm-amm
`hXn
A\-cw KmKy ]d-p Rm Cu he-Xp-I-n
nXn-sN-p ]pcp-js\ {_-sa \ne-bn D]m-kn-
p-p. CXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-
bs kw_-nv Hpw ]d-b-cp-X.v Rm CXns\ \maw
An tPymXnv Fn-hsb Bm-shp Icp-Xn-bmWv
D]m-kn-p--Xv. AXns\ B \ne-bn D]m-kn-p
hyn Fm-n-sbpw B-cq-]a - mbn Xocp-p.

I 17. k tl mhmN _memInx b G ss hj
kthy ]pcp-j-kvtXta hml-ap-] mk CXn
Xw tlmhmN APm-X -i {Xpx am am GX-k v a n
kwhm- Z - b njv T mx kXy- k ymm hnZyp- X - B m
tXPk BtXn hm Al-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn k
tbm sslX-tah ap]mkvtX GtXjmw kthjm
amm `hXn
KmKy hopw ]d-p Cu CSXp In nXn-
sN-p ]pcp-js\ {_-cq-] - n Rm D]m-kn-p-
p. AXp-tIv APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p Av Cu hnj-b-
s-n kwkm-cn-t-. CXv kXy-n-sbpw tXP-n-
sbpw hnZyp-n-sbpw Bm-hm-Wv. AXns\ Rm
AtX amXr-I-bn D]m-kn-p-p. Cs\ D]m-kn-p
a\p-jy Fm-hc - p-sSbpw Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p.
18. XX Dl _memInx Xpjv W o- a mk Xw
tlmhm N APm-X-i{Xp GXm-]p _memIm Cu
CtXy XmhXv [oXn tlmhmN _memInx Xw
tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx arjm ssh Ine am kwhm-
Z-bnjvTm {_ tX {_hm-WoXn k tlmhmN tbm
ssh_m- e mI GtXjmw ]pcp- j mWmw Im
bky ssh kvXXv Ia k ssh thZn-Xhy CXn
XX Dl _memInx kanXv ]mWnx {]Xn-N{Iw D]m-
bm-\oXn Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx {]Xn-tema
cq]-ta-hh XXv kymXv {Xntbm {_m-W-ap-]-
\-tbXv Gln thyh Xzm m]-bn-jym-aoXn Xw
l ]mWm-hm-`n-]Zy {]h-{hmP Xu l kp]vXw ]pcp-
j- a m- P - - X pkv X w l APm- X - i - { Xp-c m- a - { bmw
Nt{I-_r-l _m-c-hmkx tkma-cm-P
D l XpjvWo-tah intiy XX Dssl\w bjvSym-
hnNn t] k XX Gh kap-u Xw tlm
hmN APm-X-i{Xpx ssIzj GX-Zv_m-emtI ]pcp-
tjmibnjvS Iz GXXv A`qXv IpX GX ZmKm
CXn XX D l _memIn \ hnPt
AsX-p-Sv KmKy bmsXmpw ]d-n-. AXp-
Iv APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p A-bpsS {_-m\w
C{Xtb Dtm? KmKy ]d- p C{Xtb Dq.
Atm APm-Xi - {Xp ]d-p B \ne-bn Av
{_tm-]-tZiw Xcm-sap ]d-Xv shdp- sX-bm-bn. Ap
]d Cu Fm hyn-I-fp-sSbpw Im-hn-s\-bmWv
Adn-tb--X.v AXv tI-Xn-s\-p-Sv KmKy kan-X]
Wn-bmbn Pnm-k-tbmsS APm-X-i{- Xp-hns\ kao-]nv
Cs\ ]d-p Asb Kpcp-hmbn kzoI-cn-m-\mWv
Rm h-Xv. AXp-tIv cmPmhv ]d-p. {Xn-b
{_m-Ws\ injy-\mbn kzoI-cn-p-Xv temIm-Nm-c-hn-
cp--amWv AXn-\m Av Fs IqsS hcp-I. Rm
Abvv {_-m\w ssIh-cp-n--cmw. AXn-s\-
p-Sv cmPmhv KmKys ssIbvp ]nSnv Ipsd \Sv
Dd-p Hcp hyn-bpsS hon sNv Abmsf hnfn-
N P
111
p. tl, cmPm-hmb tkma, tl _rl, tl ip{`-h-kv{X- K
[mco Cs\ At\Iw {]mhiyw hnfn-npw B hyn
DWn-. AXn-\p-tijw cmPmhv Ahs ta Nqc
sImv \ ASn sImSp-p. ASn-sIm DS Xs B
a\p-jy DWs-gp-t-p. Atm APm-X-i{Xp KmKy-
t\mSv ]d-p Cu ]pcp-j ssNX-\y-lo-\\ - mbn Fhn-
sS-bmWv Dd-n-sm-n-cp-Xv? GXv tZi-mWv Dd-n-
sm-n-cp-Xv? Ctm DWv Fhn-sS-\npw hn-cn-
pp?
19. Xw tlmhmN APm-X-i{Xpx bss{Xj GXZv
_memtI ]pcptjm Ai-bnjvS bss{X-XZ- `- q-ZyX
GX-Zm-Km-ZnXn lnXm \ma lrZ-bky \mtUym lrZ-
bmXv ]pco-X-X-a-`n-{h-X-\zn XZv bYm kl-{k[m
tItim hn]m-SnX kvXmh-ZWzx ]nwK-eky AWn-
av \ m- X n- j v T n ipky Irjv W ky ]oXky
temln-X-tkyXn Xmkp XZm `hXn bZm kp]vXx
kz]v\w \ IwN\ ]iyXn AY Akvan {]mW
Gssh-IYm `hXn XssZ\w hmIv ksshx \ma`nx
klm-t]yXn Npx ksshx cqss]x klm-t]yXn
t{im{Xw ksshx i_vs sZx klm-thyXn a\x
ksshx [ymss\x klm-thyXn k bZm {]Xn-_p-
[ytX bYm AtPz-eX khm Zntim hnkv^p-
enwKm hn{]- X n-j vtT-c -s s-h -tah Xkva m-Z m- \
{]mWm bYm-b-X\w hn{]-Xn-jvTt {]mtW-t`ym-
tZhm tZtht`ym temImx XZyYm pc pc [mtc
h lnXx kymXv hnizw-`tcm hm hnizw-`c - -Ip-emb
Gh tasshj {]m BtZw ico-c-am-m-\-a-
\p-{]-hnjvS Btem-a`yx B\-tJ`yx
- nXn k
KmKy B tNmZy-v Dcw ]d-bm i-\m-
bn-. Atlw Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bm Ai-\ - m-bn-cp-p.
Atm APm-Xi - {Xp hopw ]dp Ch Fhn-sS-
bmWv Dd-n-sm-n-cn-p--sXpw Fhn-sS-bmWv InS-
n-cp--sXpw FhnsS \npw DWp-shpw m\-
ta-sXpw Rm ]d-p-X-cmw. lrZ-b-Ia - e
- s kw_-
n-p lnX Fp t]cp At\Iw \mUn-I Dv.
Ah lrZ-b-n \npw ]pd-sv icocw apgp-h hym]n-
n-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS henw Hcp Xe-apSn \mcns Aw
Bbncambn Awin-m-ep--Xnepw kqva-am-W.v B \mUn-
I ]e-hn-[-n-ep kqvak - m-c-m ]cn-]q-am-
Wv. Ah-bn shfp-v, a, Nph-v, Idpv Fo Fm
v m- \nd-fpw Dv. Ddp Ah--bn hyn Cu \mUn-
I-fn ebn-n-cn-p-p. kpjp-]vXn-bpsS Ah-b - nepw
a\p-jy kz]v\w ImWm-Xn-cn-p-tm {]mW-\n ebn-
n-cn-pw. Atm hmv AXns kh-\m-a - kln-
Xhpw t\{X- kh-cq-] - kln-Xhpw sNhn kh-
i-_vZ- kln-Xhpw a\v kh-Nn--\o-b-hn-j-b-
kln- Xhpw {]mW-\n Xs-bmWv nXn-sN-p--X.v a\p-
jy DW-cp-tm In-sb-cn-bp Xobn \npw Fm-
bn-Spw Xosm-cn-I ]c-p--Xp-t]mse {]mW-\m-Ip

I Bm-hn \npw kth-{n-b-fpw Ah-b-h-bpsS
m\--fn-tebvv Kan-p-p. Atm Ah-bpsS A[n-
jvTm- Xm- hmb An apX- emb tZh-X-I {]mW--fn\np
{]Xy--sv \mamZn kh hnj-b--sfbpw {]I-S-am-p-
p. pc-I Xs In Xs s]n-bn AS-p-sh-n-
cn-p--Xp-t]mse tZl-n nXn-sN-p lrZ-b-n
s]cp-hn-c hen--n ]pcp-jm-Ir-Xn-bn Cuiz-c \nh-
kn-p-p. Ac-Wn-bn An \nKqVw hkn-p-X - p-
t]mse Cu ico-c-n Bm-hp \J-in-Jmw kh{X
A{]-Xy--cq-]-n \ne-sIm-p-p.
20. Xta- X -a m- m- \ - t a- X - a m- -t \m\z]iyn
bYm N t{ijvTn\w kzmx XZyYm t{ijvTo-kz`pMv
t bYm hm kzmx t{ijvTn\w `pRvPt- y-h-ta-
sshj {]m-ssX-cm-` - n `pMvt Ghw ssh
Xam-m-\t- aX Bm-t\m-`p-RvP-nk bmh-hm
C{ GX-am-m\w \ hnP-t-Xm-h-tZ-\a - -kpcm
A `n- _ - ` p h p x k bZ m h nP t Y l X zm
kpcm hnPnXy kthjmw tZhm\mw ss{ijvTyw
kzcm-Pn-am-[n-]Xyw ]cn-bmb XtYm Gsshw hnZzm
k h m ] m] vat\ m A ] - l X y k th j mw
`qXm\mw ss{ijvTyw kzcm-Py-am-[n-]Xyw ]tcyXn
1
ssXn-cotbm]-\n-jv
Cu D]-\n-jv IrjvW-b-Pq thZo-bs - sX-o-cnb
imJbpsS AK-X -amb ssXo-cn-bm-c-Wy-I-ns
AwK-am-I p-p. ssXn-c o-b m-c-Wy-I-n\v ]-Zv[ ym-
fpv. Ah-bn Ggv, Fv, H]Xv Cu Aym-b-sf
ssXn-co-bp-]-\n-jv Fp ]d-bp-p.
imn- ] mTw
Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcpWx iw t\m `h-
Xzcy amw iw \ Ct{m _rl-k v] Xnx iw t\m
hnjv W p-c pcp{Iax \tam {_lva m- tW. \akv tX
hmtbm. Xzta- h - { ]- X yw {_lv amkn. Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_ hZn-jym-an. EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw
hZn-jym-an. Xm-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. AhXp amw.
AhXp hm-cw.
N P
112
b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ CXn Nptm [ymbx K
hf-sc-tbsd KpW-ap Hcp [\-hms B{in-X - m
Abmsf A\p-k -cn- p- -X p-t ]mse hmv apX-e mb
kth-{n-b - -f m-I p {]mW tZl- n nXn
sNp Bm-hns\ A\p-Ka - n-p-p. Hcp-[-\n-I Xs
]cn-P-\--tfm-sSmw kpJ- A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw ]cn-P-
\- B [\n-Is [\s A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-
tm Ah [\n-I-s\--s-bm-W-\p-`-hn-p--Xv. AXp-
t]mse Bmhv hmv apX-em-b-h-tbm-sSmw Ah-bpsS
{]h-\- A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse hmp
apX-em-bh Bm-hns\ A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. tZh-
cm-Pm-hmb C{ Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-Xp hsc ssZXy-
m-cn \np ]cm-Pb - -n-\n-c-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm
Bm-hns\ Adn-- tXmsS Atlw ssZXy-msc kwl-
cn- p- I bpw kz-c mPyw hos- S pv tZh- m- cn
t{ijvTXzw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-t]mse Bm-hn-
s\-n Adn-bp m\n Xs kh-]m-] - fpw \in-
nv kIe Pohn-I-fnepw t{ijvT-\mbn khm-[n-]-Xn-bmbn
`hn-p- p. Cs\ Adn-bphv apv kqNn-n
Fm ^e-fpw e`n-m-\n-S-bm-Ip-p.
Iujo-X{- Io-{_m-t- Wm-]-\n-jv Ah-km-\n-p.
3
Hmw imnx! imnx!! imnx!!!
CXns Aw {]Y-am-\p-hm-I-n-BZyw sImSp-n-
cn- p- p.
inm- h n
{]Yam\phmIw
Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcpWx iw t\m `h-Xzcy
amw iw \ Ct{m _rl-k] v Xnx iw t\m hnjvWp-cp-
c p- { Iax \ tam {_ - t W. \ akvtX hmtbm.
Xzmtah{]Xyw {_lvam-kn. Xzmtah {]Xyw
{_lva hZn-jym-an. EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jym-
an. Xm-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. Ah-Xpamw AhXp
hm- cw. Hmw imnx! imnx!! imnx!!!
 113

I Cu {]Y-am-\p-hm-I-n `n-`n in- I-fpsS A[n- Cu a{- n thtZm-m-c -W -ns \nb-a- sf K

jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-{_lva ]c-ta-iz-cs\`n--fmb \ma-- hn-p--Xn\p {]Xn sNbvXp-sImv Ah-bpsS
fnepw cq]--fnepw kvXpXn-p-s Imv At-l-tmSp ktX am{Xsb Ipdn-p-p. Am-ev GsX-nepw
{]mn-ppx B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym- n-Ihpw Bym- injy ]c-am-m-hns cl-ky-hn-Zy-bpsS Pnm-kp-hm-
n-Ihpw B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-amb in-bpsS cq]-nepw bn-o-cp-I-bm-sW-n Ah Cu \nb-a-sf t\c-t-
AtX- t]mse Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm--fmb an{X, hcp- Xs ]q-ambpw {Kln-n-cn-p--h-\m-bn-cn--Ww. AXn-
W apX-emb tZh-X-If - psS cq]-nepw bmsXmv AJn- \m Ahs\ {im-ep-hm-p--Xn\v AS-bmf {]I-S-\-
e- n- t bpw Bmhv A- c ym- a n-b mb ]c- ta- i z- c - Xs Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-p. a\p-jyv Hmtcm hmp-If - p-
\mbncnppthm Atlw Fm {]Im-c-nepw \app tSbpw Dm-c-W-n {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn kwkm-cn-p--Xn-
Iym-W-a-b\ - m-bn-cn--tW. \psS D-Xn-bpsS am-- \p A`ymkw knn-Ww Fp--XmWv Cu kt-X-
fn bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep hnLv\ fpw kw`-hn-p- -fpsS `mhw Fp {]Xo-X-am-Ip-p. Fm euIn-I-i-
hm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fm-n- tbpw A-cym- _vZ--fn \nb-a-sf ]men-p-hm Ign-bp-n-s-n
an-bmb B {_s \a-kv-cn-p-p. Ipd--]w thZ-a-{- -fpsS Dm-c-W-sa-nepw Ahiyw
in-W-a-\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn--Ww. I, J apX-emb hyRvP-\-
C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp imn-mbn {]mn-nv
h--fnepw A, B apX-emb kzc-h-fpw kv]jvS-
kq{Xm-mhv {]mWs cq]-n ka-kvX-Po-hn-I-fnepw
am-bn-s D- cn- -Ww. Zy-amb "k' bpsS m\-n
hym]n-n-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ hmbp-hns \ma-tm-
Xme-hy-amb "i' AYhm "j' bpsS Dm-cWw \S-p-hm
Sp-IqSn kvXpXn-p-p. tlk-i-n-am\pw AJn-e-n-
]mSn-. "h' bpsS m\v "_' Fpw D-cn- p- hm ]mSn-
tbpw {]mW-kz-cq-]\pw hmbp-a-b-\p-amb ]ctaizcm,
. C{]-Imcw Xs ap h--fpsS Dm-c-W-nepw
Asb \a-k v -cn-p-p. ApXs Fm-{]m-Wn-I-fp-
{]tXy-Ia - mb {i ]Xn-n-n-cn--Ww. CXp-t]m-seXs
tSbpw {]mW-kz-cq-]-amb {]Xy--{_ BIp-p. AXn-
kwkm-cn-p ka-bw, GXp-hs GXp m\v
\m Rm Asb {]Xy--{_--ns \ma-n
Fp `mhw {]I-Sn-n- p- - Xn\v D-kz-c-n D- cn-p-Xv
hnfnpw; "EX' \ma-nepw Rm\-sb kwt_m-[\
DNn-X-am-bn-cn-ptam GXns\ a[y-kz-c - nepw GXns\
sNpw. Fp-sIm-s-m Fm {]mWn-I-tfbpw kw_-
\nav\-kz-c-nepw D-cn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-ptam
nv AXv awK-f-Im-cn-bmb \nb-a-am-Ip-p. As\-bp
AsXmw ]q-ambn {inv btYmNn-X-amb kzc-n
\nb-a-cq-]-amb EX-ns A[n-jvTm\w Ap X-bm-W-
kwkm-cn--Ww. thZ-a-{--fpsS Dm-c-W-n DZm--
tm. AXp-t]mse Rm Asb "kXy' a-t]-cnepw
-fmb kzc-sf {]tXyIw {in- p-Ibpw FhnsS GXp-
kwt_m-[\ sNpw. Fp-sIm- s- m kXy (b-Ym-
kzcw thWtam AXn- s\--n-bp bYm- m\w Dm-
`m-j-Ww) ns A[n-jT v m\ tZh-Xbpw Ap-X-s-bm-
bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNt-Xpw Bhiyam-W.v Fp-sIm-s-
W-sm. k-hym- ]nbpw A-cym-an-bp-amb B ]c-ta-iz-c
m a{- -fn kzc-hy-Xymkw Dm-Ip--Xn\npw
F\np kZm-N-c-Whpw AXp-t]mse kXv `mj-Whpw kZv
Ah-bpsS Aw amdn-h-cpw. AXp-t]mse Aip--kz-c-
hnZy {Kln-p--Xn-\p inbpw {]Zm\w sNbvXv Cu
sf D-cn-p--h\v A\n-jvS-Xsb kzoI-cn-t-- Xmbpw
P\-\a - -c-Wc
- q-]-am-Ip kwkm-cN - {- I-n \npw Fs-
hcp-p. {lkzw, ZoLw, ]vfpXw C{]-Imcw am{X-I-fpsS
c-n--s. IqSm-sX, Fs BNm-cy\v Ch-sbmw D]-tZ-
hyXymkw a\-n-emn btYm-NnXw Dm-cWw \S--Ww.
in-p-sIm-Spv Fm-bn-Spw B kXys {]N-cn-n-p-
Fp-sIm-s- m {lkz-ns m\v ZoLhpw
-Xn-\p in {]Zm\w sNbvXv At-ls cn--
ZoL- ns m\p {lkz-hp-amn D-cn-p--Xp-
s. "ChnsS Fs cn-s' "hm-hns\ cn-s'
sImv A-n hep-Xmb Acw kw`-hn-p-p.
Fo hmIy-sf Bhnp ]d-bp-Xv imn-]m-T-
"knX' bpw "koX' bpw t]mse-X-s. _e-ns Aw
ns kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-p-p.
{]b-Xv\w, h-sf D-cn-ptm AXns [z\nsb
Hmw imnx, imnx, imnx C{]-Imcw aqp-hw ]d- hy-am-p--Xn Dm-Ip {]bm-ks {]bXv\w
bp--Xn-\p ImcWw B[n-`u-XnIw, B[n-s sZ-hnIw Fp ]d-bp- p. {]bXv\w cp- hn-[-n- epv; B`y- - chpw
Bym-nIw Fo aqp {]Im-c-nepw kw`-hn-m- _mly-hpw. B`y--c-n\v Apw _mly-n\v ]Xn-
hp Fm hnLv\--fp-tSbpw k-\miw kw`-hn-s s\mpw t`Z--fp-s v AwKo-I-cn--s -n-c n- p- p.
FpXmWv. `K-hm imn-kz- cq-]-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m kv]rjvSw, Cuj-v]r-jvSw, hnhr-Xw, CujXv hnhr-Xw,
At-l-ns kvac-W-am-{X-bns Fm {]Im-c-n- kwhrXw Ch B`y--c--fmb {]b- Xv\- - fm-Ip- p. hnhm-
ep-ap imn \nn-X-am-Ip-p. c, kwhm-c, izmk, \mZ, tLmj, AtLm-j, Aev]-{]m-W,
ZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw alm-{]m-W, DZm-, A\p-Zm-, kzcn-X- _mly-{]-b-
Xv\-fpw BIp-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\p "I' apX "a' hsc-
inmw hymJym-kym-ax, hx kzcx. am{Xm bp A-c--fpsS B`y--c-{]-bXv\w kv]rjvSw BIp-
_ew. kma kwXm-\x. CXypx inm-[ym-bx. p. Fp-sIm-s- m IWvTw BZn-bmb m\--fn
N P
 114

I {]mW-hm-bp-hns kv]i-\w-sImpw Ch-bpsS Dm-cWw fn kn Zin--Sp-pthm A-s\-Xs Cu temIm- K

kw`- hn-p- p. "I' bpsS _mly-{]-bXv\w hnhm- cw, izmkw, Zn-I- fnepw kwln-Xm-ZrjvSn shbv-W-sap Xmev]-cyw. AXv
AtLm-jw, Aev]-{]mWw Ch-bm-Wv. Cu hnj-b-ns F{]-Im-c- amtWm A{]-Imcw Cmcyw a\-n-em--s-S- Ww.
hni-Z-m-\-n\v hymI-cWw t\m-Ww. h--fpsS Hmtcm knpw \mep- `m- K- hoX-apv ]q- hw,
ka-hr- n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Dm-cWw AYhm kma-Km-\ - ]c- hw, cn-sbpw IqSn- bp cq]w XYm cn-sbpw
ns coXn-Xs kmaw BIp-p. AXn-s\--n-bp kwtbm-P-I\nb-aw. CXp-t]m-se-Xs bmsXmcp temIw
Adnhpw XZ-\p-k-c-W-amb Dm-c-Whpw AXyw Bh-iy- BZn-b n kwln-X m-Zr-j vS n-sb- n ImWn- p-X - pthm
am-Ip-p. kwXm-\-ns Aw kwlnX Fm-Wv. AXn\pw \mep hn`m-K- DmIpw; ]q-cq-]w, D-c-
kn, kzcw, hy-\w, hnkw, A\p-kzmcw apX-em- cq-]w, kn (c-pw-IqSn tNcp-tm-gp-m-Ip cq]w)
bh AXm-Xns ]c-hn-I-fmb h--fpsS kwtbm- kw[m\w (kw-tbm-P-Iw).
Kw- sImv ]e-bn-S--fnepw \qX-\-cq]w {]m]n-p-p. Cu
Cu a{-n temI-hn-j-b-I-amb kwln-Xm-Zr-jvSn-
kwtbm-K-P-\n-X--fmb hnIr-Xn-`m-h- sf "kn' Fp
bpsS \ncq-]Ww \S--s-n-cn-p-p. ]rYzn AXm-bXv Cu
]d-bp-p. GsX- nepw {]tXyI m\- n kn {]tbm-
temIw Xs ]q-cq-]-am-Ip-p. temI-hn-j-b-I-amb alm-
Kn- n-p-s-n AhnsS h-h n-Imcw Dm-Ip- n-.
kw-ln-X-bn ]q h-ns m\v ]rYznsb
Fn AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-`m-hw Fp ]d-bp-p. Npcp--
ImWWw Fp-X m-ev]-cyw. CXp-t]m-se-Xs khpw
n h--fp- sS Dm- c- W- n ta- d Bdp \nb-
kwln-X-bpsS D-c-cq]w (]-c-hw) BIp-p. BImiw
a--tfbpw ]men--Ww.
(A--co-w) Xs. Cu cn-sbpw knbpw hmbp
XrXo- b m- \ p-hmIw Ch-bpsS km-\hpw (kw- tbm-P-Iw) BIp-p. Fs\
]qhpw D-c-hp-amb h- kn-bn tNv
kw_w C\n BNm-cy Xsbpw injy-sbpw A`yp-
Hmbn-o-cp-pthm A-s\-Xs {]mW-hm-bp-aqew
Z-bs {]I-S-am-n-smv kwlnXm hnj-b-I-amb D]m-
]q-h-m-\o-b-amb Cu `qX- e-nse {]mWn D-c-
k-\m-hn[n Bcw-`n-pp
h-m-\o-b-amb kz-tem-I-hp-ambn tN-s-Spp
kl \u bix. kl \u {_- h - k w. (kw-_-- s-Sp-p-p).
AYmXx kwln-Xmbm D]-\n-jZw hymJym-kym-ax.
C u h - \ - b n C jv S - a p t em I - n s
]-kz- [n-I-c-tW-jp. A[n-tem-I -a-[n-tPym-X nja[n-
{]m]vXnsbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm- s- m ^e-
hn-Zy-a[n {]P-a-ym-w. Xm alm-kw-lnXm CXym-
{ip-Xn-bn Cu hnZy Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p ^ew kz-
N- -t X. AYm[n-t em-I w. ]rYnho ]q-c q- ] w.
tem-I-hp-ambn _-s-p-t]m-hpI Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p.
Zyucp--c-cq-]w. BImix knx. hmbpx km-
Fm Cu hnZy-b psS ]c- c \jvS -s -p-t]m-bXp
\w. CXy-[n-tem-Iw.
ImcWw BwKy-cq-]-n-ep h-\-I-fn\npw F{]-
Cu Aym-b-n BZy-ambn ka-Zin-bmb BNm- Imcw GXp-tem-Is {]m]n-p-hm Ignbpw Fp a\-
cy hgn X\np thnbpw injy-\p-th-nbpw bi-n- n-em-p-hm km[y-a Fv Hc-\p-am\w ChnsS Dm-Ip-
tbpw tXP-n-tbpw hrn-p Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn p. temI--fpsS {]m]vXn-bn {]mW\p {]m[m-\y-ap-
ip`m- Imw {]I- Sn- n- p- p. \appw \psS {im- ephpw sp am{Xw a\-n-em-Ip-p. {]mW hgn-bm-bn-s
hn\-bh - m-\p-amb injy\pw m\-n\npw D]m-k-\- a\-tmSpw C{nbtfm-Spw-IqSn Pohm-m-hns {]tXy-I-
bn \npw e`y-am-Ip bipw {_-tX- Px-{]m-]vXnbpw temIfn-te-p Ka\w \S-p-p. Cmcyw D]-\n-j-
Dm-I-s. AXn-\p-tijw kwln-Xm-hn-j-b-Ia - mbn D]-\n-j- p-I-fn ]e-bn-Spw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm ]rYzn
ns\ hymJym-\n-p--Xn\p {]Xn sNbvXp-sImv BZy h-sapw ZyptemIw cm-as h-sapw
AXns\ \ncq-]Ww sNp- p. h- -fn-ep- m-Ip AXp-t]mse BImiw kn (C-hb - psS kwbp--cq-]w)
knsb "kwlnX' Fp ]d-bp-p. B kwln-X-Xs Fpw ChnsS ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p. (Cu IY-\-ns icn-
hym]-I-cq]w [cnv temIw apX-em-b-hsb kzw hnj-b- bmb Bibw Fm-sWp a\-n-em-Ip-n-.)
-fm-ptm AXns\ "alm-kw-lnX' Fp ]d-bp-p.
AYm-[n-Pyu-Xn-jw. Anx ]q-cq-]w. BZnXy
kwlnX AYhm kn Ap-{]-Im-c-n-epv kzcw,
D-c-cq-] w. B]x knx sshZypXx km\w.
hyRvP-\w, kzmZn, hnkw, A\p-kzm-cw. Ch-Xs kn-
CXy-[n-Pyu-X n-jw.
bpsS A[n-jvTm-\- am-Ip--X p-sImv ]-k-n-sb- -t]-
cn {]kn--am-bn-on-cn-p-p. Cu kn-Iv An Cu `qX-e-n kpe-`-am-Wv. AXn-\m AXns\
Av B{i-b--fp-s-Xv Hcp hkvXp-X- bm-Wv. CXp-t]m- kwln-X- bpsS ]q-h-sap Icp-Xp-p. kqcy
se- Xs ]qtm--amb alm- kw- ln-Xbvpw AYhm alm- Zyptem-I-n {]Im-in-p-p. AXn-\m AXns\ D-c-
knpw Av B{i-b--fpv AXv temIw, tPymXn- cq] (]-c-h) sap ]d-bp-p. Ch cn \npw D-
v, hnZy, {]Pm, Bmhv Ch-bm-Ip-p. Fs\ h-- hn-X - p-Im-cWw taLw Xs knbpw AXp-t]mse

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 115

I sshZyp-X-i-n-Xs tlXphpw (k-m-\w) Bbn ]d-b-s- Im-e-n imkv{X-hn-[n- b-\p-k-cnp btYm-NnXw \nb-a-]- K
Sp-p. c- ambn amXm-]n-Xm- km- t\m-ev]m- Z-t\m- t-i- tm-Sp-IqSn
\S-- s-Sp kl-hmkw Xs km\w (k-m-t\m-
Cu a{-n tPymXnhn-j-bI kwln-Xsb hn-
n-bpsS Imc-Ww) BIp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu clkyw
nv tPymXn-p-I-fpsS kwtbm-K-n\npw \m\m-{]-Im-
a\- n- emn km- t\m- n-bpsS Dt- i- tm-Sp-IqSn EXp-
c-n-ep `uXnI hkvXp--fpsS {]Im-i-\ - fpw Ah-
Im-e-n [-bp--ambn kv{Xok-l-hmkw \S-p-
bpsS hnm\ cl-kyhpw a\-n-em-p-p. B tPymXn-
pthm Ah \n-b-ambpw Xs Cm-\p-k-c-Wa - p
p-I-fpsS kw_--n \npw D-hn-n-p t`mKy-]-
t{ijvT km-\s {]m]n-p-p.
Zm-v Pe-ns \maw sImSp--s-Sp-Ibpw Ah-
sb-m-n-tbpw D-n- bn hnZyp-ns\ kwtbm-P- AYm-ym-w. A[cm l\px ]qh-cq-]w. D-cm-
I-sap ]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fp-sImsm l-\ p-cp--c-cq-]w. hmIvk- nx. Pnlzm km-\w.
Cm-e-p sshm-\n-I sshZypXn kw_- - n CXy-[ ym-w.
\npw \m\m- hn-[- n- ep `uXn- I-hn-Im-k- {]I- S-am-n-
Cu a{-n ico-ch - n-j-b-I-amb kwlnXm ho-
m-Wn-p-p. thZ--fn Cu `uXn-tIm--Xn-m-bp
Ws D]-tZ-in-n-cn-p-p. ico-c - ns {][m-\-amb
km[-\bpw \m-bp-]t- Z-in--s-n-cn-pp Fv CXn
AwKw apJ-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m apJ-ns Ah-b-h - -
\npw hy-am-Ipp; Fm ]c-c \in-p-t]m-b-Xp-
fnXs kwln-X-bpsS hn`m-K- ImWn--s-Sp-p.
Im-cWw AXns\ {Kln-n-p--h-cpw, {Kln-n-p-hm Ign-
apIfnse XpS-sbp ]c-hhpw Xmgs XmSn-sbp
hp--hcpw Zp-`-am-bn-on-cn-p-p.
kwln-X-bpsS ]q-hhpw BIp-p. Cu cn-sbpw
AYm-[n-hn-Zyw. BNmcyx ]q-cq-]w. At- hm-kyp-- kwtbm-K-n\nv Ch-bpsS ay-`m-K-n A`n-hy--
c-cq-]w. hnZymx knx. {]h-N\w km-\w. CXy[n hnZyw. am-Ip hmWn-Xs knbpw Pnlzm km-\hpw (hm-
Wo- c p-] - a m-I kn-b psS {]I-S - a m-I p Imc- W w)
Cu a{-n hnZysb kw_-np kwlnXm ho-
XsbmIp-p. Fp- sIm- s- m Pnlz-sb- q- SmsX a\p-
W-n-ep D]-tZiw sImSp--s-n-cn-p-p. CXp-h-gn-
jyp bmsXmcp hmpw D- cn-p-hm kmy- a-. hmWn-
bmbn hnZym-{]m-]X v n-p clkyw a\-n-em--s-Sp-p.
bn Akm- [m-c-W-amb in nXn-sN- p- p. hmWo-Zzmcm
F{]-Imcw h-k-n-bn Hv ]q-hhpw asmv
{]m\ \Sn a\p-jyp ico-c-ns t]mj-Whpw
]c-h-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse Xs ChnsS
AXns\ t{ijvT-am-p- -Xn-\p Fm kma-{KnIfpw {]m]n-
hnZym-cq-]-kw-ln-X-bn Kpcp-hm-Is ]q hhpw `n-
p-hm km[n-p-p. HmwIm-c-kz-cq-]a - mb ]c-ta-iz-cs
hn-\b- -tm-Sp-IqSn Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-p hnZym-`n-em-jn-
\ma-P-]-n\npw ]c-am-m-hn-t\bpw {]m]n-p-hm
bmb injy ]c-h-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse kn-
km[n-p-p. C{]-Imcw hmWn-bn imco-cn-Ihpw B-
bn cp- h- - fpsS kwtbm-Kw- sImv Fns\ aqm-
hn-jb - -I-hp-amb cp-X-c-n-ep DXn kwPm-X-am-p-
a-Xmbn Hcp ]pXnb h-ap-m-Ip-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw
-Xn-\p Ignhp \nd-p-\np-p. Cu cl-kys
Kpcp-hn-tbpw injy-tbpw kw_--n \np--hn-
a\-n-emn bmsXmcp a\p-jy Xs hmWnsb bYm-
p hnZy m\w-Xs ChnsS kn- bm-Ip-p. Cu
tbmKyw D]-tbm-Kn- p-pthm Ah hmIvin {]m]n-nv
hnZym-cq-]-kn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn-\p Imc-W-amWp {]h-N-
AXp-h-gn-bmbn A`o-jSv - ^-es {]m]n-p--Xn ka-
\w. Kpcp-hns D]-tZ- ihpw injys {im-]q- ap {ih-
\mbn `hn-p-p.
Whpw {Kl-Whpw Xs km\w BIp-p. bmsXm-cp-
Cu clkyw a\-n-emn hnZzm-\mb Kpcp-hns\ CXoam alm kwlnXm b Gh-taXm alm-kw-
tkhn-p-pthm Ah Xo-bmbpw hnZysb {]m]n-nv lnXm hymJymXm thZ. kw[o-btX {]Pbm ]ip-
m\n-bm-bn- o-cp-p. `nx. {_-h-tk-\m-m-tZy\ kphtW temtI-
\.
AYm-[n-{]-Pw. amXm ]q-cq-]w, ]ntXm--c-cq-]w.
{]Pm knx. {]P-\\w km-\w. CXy-[n-{]-Pw. Cu a{-n Ap-{]-Im-c-n ]d-n-cn-p
alm- kw-ln- X-I-fpsS bYm-m-\-^ew ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-
Cu a{- n kwln-Xm-cq-]-n {]Pm-h\w \S-
p. Chsb Adn-bp--h\p Xs C--\p-Iq-e- amb km-
n-bnv km-\-{]m-]vXn-p clkyw a\-n-em-p-p.
\s {]m]n-p-hm Ignbp-Ibpw hnZy-h-gn-bmbn {_
Cu {]Pm-hn-j- b- kw- ln- X-bn amXm- hm- Is ]q-hhpw
tXP----\mbn `hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Xs Cm-\p-
]nXmhv ]c-h-hp-am-Ip-p. cp h--fpsS kn-
k-c-Wa- mbn \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep arK--tfbpw Aw
bn\npw Hcp ]pXnb hw Dm-Ip--Xp-t]mse amXm-
apX-emb t`mKy-]-Zmtfbpw km-Zn-p-hm Ign-bp-
hn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw kwtbm-K-n \npw D-hn-
p. C{X-am-{X-a-, Ah\p kz-tem-I-{]m-]X
v nbpw Dm-Ip-
p km-\w-Xs Cu kwln-X-bn cn-sbpw
p. Ch-aqew temI-hn-j-b-amb kwln-X-bpsS m\-
kn (kw-bp kzcq-]w) BIp-p. AXp-t]mse EXp-

N P
 116

I m kzmZn D-a-temIfpw tPymXnhn-j-b-I-amb awK-e-a-b-amb hf-sc-b-[nIw hmp-Isf {ihn-p-sIm-n- K

m\-m \m\mhn-[-n-ep `uXn-Ih - -kvXp-fpw cn--tW. AXm-bXv Fs I--fn BNm-cy-\m
{]Pm-hn-j-b-Ik - -n-bpsS m\-m km-\-fpw hn--s cl-kys ]q-ambn {ihn-p--Xn-\p
hnZym- hn-j-b-I-kw- ln-X-bpsS m\-m hnZybpw {_- in-bp-m--tW. F\nv A-bpsS awK-f-a-b-amb
tX- Pv Bym-nI kwlnX Ch-bpsS hnm-\-m bip {ihn-p--Xn-\p Ah-kcw e`y-am-tW. tl
hmIvi-n-{]m-]vXnbpw DmIpw Fp a\-n-em--Ww. HmwIm-cta! \o ]c-ta-iz-cs \n[n-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv B
]q-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c \nn \nd-n-cn-pp; Fp-
{ipXn-bn Fm kwln-X-I-fp-tSbpw m\-ns
sIm-s-m \man-\m-a-s-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.
kmaq-ln-I-amb ^esf ]d-n-cn-p-p. {ipXn Cuiz-
Cs\ Bbn-cp-npw \o a\pjycpsS euInI _pn-
cs hmWn-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXns clkyw a\-n-
bm s]mXn-b-spw Ccn-p-p. euIn-Ia - mb X--
emn {i-tbmSpw hnizm-k-tm-Spw-IqSn D]-cyp--amb
fm A\p- km\w sN-s-Sp-- h-cpsS _pn- bn \ns
D]m-k-\-Isf A\p-jT v n-m \n-t-la
- mbpw Fm ^e-
{]`mhw hy-am-bn-cn-p-n-. tl tZhm, \o tI-s
-tfbpw {]m]n-p-hm km[yam-Ip-p.
D]-tZ-is cn-q. AXm-bXv F\nv bmsXm-cp-]-tZiw
NXpm-\ p-hmIw {ihn-p--Xn-\p km[n-pthm AXns\ Rm kvacn-p-
sImv AX-\p-k-cnv Fs PohnXw Bhn-jv-cn-p--
bivO--km-ar-j-t`m-hn-iz-cq-]x. Otmt`ym[yar-
Xn\p Ir]-sN-p.
Xm-X vkw-_-`q-h. k tat{m-ta-[bm kv]rtWm-X p.
Aar-X ky tZh [mctWm `qbm-k w. icocw ta kw _ w C\n sFi z- c ys A`n- e - j n- p- -
hnNjWw. Pnlzm ta a[p-a-am. Im`ymw `qcn hpthn lh\w \S-p--Xn-\p a{s Bcw-`n-
hn{ip-hw. {_Wx tImtimkn ta[bm ]nln-Xx. pp
{ipXw ta tKm]m-b. Bh-lo hnX-\zm\m Ihm-Wm-No-c-am--\x.
Cu \mem-a-\p-hm-I-n ta{ipXw tKm]mb Cu hmkmwkn aa Kmh-. A-]mt\ N.
hmIyw hsc ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns {]m]n-m-h-iy-amb k-Zm. XtXm.
_pn-_-ehpw imco-cn-I-_-ehpw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p Dt- ta {inbam-h-l. temaimw ]ip`nx
iy-tm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSv At-l-ns \ma-amb kl kzmlm.
HmwIm-c- ]mcm {]mn-p--Xn-\p {]I-c-W- \nt-
in--s-n-cn-p-p. Hmw F-Xv, thtZm---fmbn ]c-ta- \mem-a-\p-hm-I-nse D]-cyp--amb Cu Awi-n
iz-c-\p \ma--fn-semw t{ijvThpw k-cq-]-hp-am-Ip- sFizcys Imwn-p kIm-c-a-cmb a\p-jyp-
thn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-p-sImv AKv\n-bnev
p. Fp-sImsm Hmtcm a{- n-tbpw BZn- bn
BlqXn \Ip coXn- sb-n ]d-bp- p. "Atbm AKv\n-
HmwImcw D-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw HmwIm-c-ns Dm-cWw
bpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-izc, Fs kz- am-bn-p
kq thZ--fpsS Dm-c-W-^ew {]m]vXa - m-p-Ibpw
Bh-iy-n\p thn-h-m hnew_w IqSmsX \m\m-{]-
sNp- p. AXp-t]mse Ahn-\m-in-bmb thZ--tfmSpw Cu
Im-c-n-ep-ff hkv{Xfpw tKmfpw `n-p--Xn-\p
HmwImcw {][m-\-cq-] - n {]I-S-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-
Fm hkvXp-fpw Ftmgpw Zm\w sNp- I, Ahsb A`n-
p. HmwImcw \mahpw ]c- ta- iz-c \manbpw BIp-p. AXn-
hr-n-s-Sp-p-I, AXp-t]mse Ahsb \hq-\-am-n--cn-
\m cpw ]c-kv]cw A`n--am-Wv. {]W-h-cq-]a - mb B
I. \q F\n-p-thn BSv apX-embn tcma--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-
]c-a m- mhv AJn-e - n-tbpw ]c-ta-i z-c BbXp
hbpw ap Xc-n-ep-ap-f-Af arK-k-ln-X-amb sFiz-cy-
ImcWw ""C{'' F t]cn {]kn--\m-bn-cn-p-p. B
tbpw {]Zm-\w-sN-q. AXm-bXv Fm t`mK-km-a-{K-ln-I-
C{ Fs ta[min-bm k--am--s. "[o[m-c-
fp-tSbpw km[-\m-cq-]-amb [\s \o F\n-mbn Zm\w
Wm-hXo ta[m' F tImi-hm-Iy-a-\p-k-cnv [mcWm in-
sNpI F- XmWv {]m- \- bpsS Bi- bw. Cu a{s
bm k--amb _pn-bpsS \maw "ta[m' Fm-W.v ]c-
D-c n- nv "kzmlm' F hmtm-Sp-IqSn AKv\n-b n
am-mhv Fs ]Tn-Xpw {Kln--Xp-amb `mh-sf hln-
BlpXn sN-Ww. CXv sFiz-cy-{]-]vXn-p km[-\-bm-
p--Xn-\p in-bm k--\m-tW Fp Xm-
Ip-p.
cyw. tl tZh, Rm A-bpsS Assl-XpIo Ir]-bm
B Aar-X- amb kzcq-]s kzw lrZ-b-n hln-p- kw_- w- -B-Nm-cy {_-Nm-cn-bpsS lnXmw F{]-
-h-\m-bn-o-c-s. A-bpsS D]m-k-\-bn bmsXm-cp-hn- Imcw lh\w \S-Ww? CXns hn[n-I ]d-bp-p.
[-amb hnLv\ - fpw kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v Fs B ambp {_-Nm-cnWx kzmlm. hnam-bp
icocw tcmK-c-ln-X- am-n-o-tW. Fs Pnlz Ap- {_-Nm-cnWx kzmlmx {]am-bp {_lva-Nm-cnWx
X-I-c-amb a[p-c-hm-Wn-bm A-bpsS a[p-c-\m-a--tfbpw
KpW--tfbpw Ionv Ah-bpsS a[p-c-ckw Bkz-Zn- kzmlm. Za-bp {_lva-Nm-cnWx kzmlm. iam-bp
p- -Xmbn `hn--tW. Rm Fs cp I- hgn {_lvam-Nm-cnWx kzmlm.

N P
 117

I \mem-a-\p-hm-I-ns Cu Awi-n injy-ln-X-n- "F{]-Imcw kakvX Pe {]hm-l-fpw Xmgv `mK-t- K

\mbn BNm-cy GsXmw a{-Zzmcm lh\w sN- bvsm-gpIn kap-{Z-n tNcppthm F{]-Imcw amk-Zn-
Wtam Ahsb hn-n-cn-p-p. BNm-cy "D-a-{_- \- -fpsS Ayw kwh-- c-cq-]-am- Ip Ime-n sNp
lva-Nm- cn-I Fs-b-Sp- hnZy-b-`y-kn-p--Xn\p hcs' tNcp-pthm tl hn[m-Xm. A{]-Imcw Fs ASp-
Fp Dt-iy-tm-Sp-IqSn a{w sNmn "kzmlm' F Fm `mK-p-\npw {_-Nm-cn-I hcp-Ibpw Rm
Dm-c-W-tm-sS BZym-lpXn \Is; "Fs {_-Nmcn Ahp hnZy-bp-]t- Z-in-nv awK-f-Im-cn-I-fmb D]-tZ-i-
Im]-Sy-iq-\y-\m-bn-cn-s' F Dt-i-tmsS a{w fpw \In Fs I-hy- tbpw AXp- t]mse A-
sNmn "kzmlm' F Dm-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn cm-as bpsS B-tbbpw ]men-p-sImv Pohn-s' Cu Dt-
BlpXn kan--s. ""{_lva-Nm-cn-I C{n-b - sf i-tm-Sp- IqSn a{-ap- - cnv "kzmlm' i_vZ- tm- Sp-ISn Bdm-
Aa-h-cp- n-b-h-cm-bn-o-cs' Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn as BlpXn An-bn An--Ww. "tl ]c-am-!
\mem-as BlpXn kan--s. AXp-t]mse ""{_lva- Av AJn-e-n-tbpw hn{i-a - m-\-am-Ip-p. Ctm
Nm-cn-I a\-kk v ns\ kzm[o-\-n-em-n-b-h-cm-bn-cn-s'' F\n-p-thn A-bpsS Znhy-kz-cq-]s {]Im-in-n-p-
Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn at{m-m-c-W-]qIw"kzmlm' X-cn- Ibpw Fs kzoI-cn-bpw sNbvXm-epw. Cu Dt-i-
i_vZ-tmsS Am-as BlpXn kan-s. tmsS a{-ap-c - nv "kzmlm i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn Ggmw
BlpXn An-bn CS-Ww.
kw_- w- -B-Nm-cy Xs euIn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-I-hp-
amb lnX-p-thn F{]-Imcw lh\w \S-Ww? C{]-Imcw Cu temI-n-sbpw ]c-tem-I-n-sbpw
AXns hn[nIsfn ]d-bp-p. D-Xn-p ]c-am-m-hn-t\m-Sp {]m-\bpw AtXm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-bp lh-\-hp-am-sWp ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.
bti m Pt\k m\ n k zml m. t{i bm
hkytkmkm\n kzmlm. Xw Xzm `K {]hn-im\n ]-am- \ p- h mIw
kzmlm. k am `K {]hni kzmlm. Xkvan kl-
`q`phx kph-cnXn hm GXm-kvXnkvtdm hymlr-
kvdi
- mtJ \n `Kmlw Xzbn artP kzmlm.
X-bx. Xmkmap l kvssaXmw NXpYow amlm-N-
\mem-a-ym-b- ns Cu Awi-n BNm-cy Xs akyx {]th-Z-b-tX. al CXn. XZv{_-. k Bm.
lnX-n-\p-thn sN-s-tS lh-\s hn- n- cn-p- AMvKm\y\ym tZh-Xmx. `qcnXn hm Abw temIx.
p. "Bfp- I-fn Rm bi- kzn-bm-I-s. temI-n Fs `ph CXy- -c n- w. kph- c n-X yku temIx. al
bi-ns kuc`yw k{X hym]n- -s. Fs bi-n\p CXym-Zn-Xyx. BZn-tXy\ hmh kth temIm alo-
If--ta- BN-c-W--sfmpw Fn\npw b-t .
Dm- Im-Xn- cn-s' Cu Dt- iy-tmsS "btim Pt\km\n'
Cu Am-as A\p-hm- I-n `qx, `phx, kzx, alx
F a{s D-cn-p-sImv "kzmlm' ]Z-tm-Sp-IqSn
Cu \mep hymlr-Xn- I- fpsS (a-{- -fp- sS) D]m-k-\m- c- lkyw
BZym-lpXn An- -Ww. "alm-[-\n-I- \-msc At]-np
]d-nv AXns ^es hn-p-p. BZy-ambn `qx,
Rm AXy-[nIw k--\mbn `hn-s' Cu Dt-is
`phx, kzmx Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-I {]kn---sf
ap \n n a{ s D- c n- p- s Im v "kzmlm'
Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fm Ch-sb-q-SmsX \mem-
i_vZtmsS cm-as BlpXn An-bn An--
as hymlr-Xn-bmb "alx' F-Xns D]m- k\m clkyw
Ww. "tl `K-h, Rm A-bpsS Znhy kzcq-]-n
hfsc apt] Xs alm-N-a-ks ]p{X {Kln-n-cp-p.
{]th- i n- s' Cu Dt- i - t msS a{ w D- c nv
Cu \mep hymlr-Xn-I-sfbpw \mep {]Im-c--fn {]tbm-
"kzmlm'i_vZ-tmsS aqm- a- s BlpXn An- bn- en-
Knv D]m-kn-p--Xn-\p hn[n-I app-]-d-np B
- Ww. "tl `K-h A-bpsS Znhy- kz-cq]w Fn {]hn-
Imew apX {]N-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. CXn-\p-tijw Cu
jvS-am-bn-o-cs' , Fs a\-n nXn-sN-s'Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn F{]-Im-c-n-ep `mh-\ItfmSp-Iq-
Dt- i-tm- Sp-Iq-Snb at{m-m-cW klnXw "kzmlm' i_vZ-
Snb D]m-k\ \S-Ww Fp CXv a\-n-em-p-p. Cu
tmsS \mem-as BlpXn An-bn kan--Ww.
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn F{]-Im-c-n-ep `mh-\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-
"tl `K-h, Bbn-c--W-n\p imJ-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb A-
Snb D]m-k\ \S-Ww Fp CXv a\-n-em-p-p. Cu
bpsS B Znhy-cq-]-n [ym\-\n-a--\mbn Rm kzmb-
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fn \mem- a-t-Xmb "alx' Ghpw {][m-
am-bn-s hnip--\m-bn-o-cs' Cu Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn
\-s--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m D]mky tZh-X-I-fn "alx'
at{m-m-c-W-]qw "kzmlm' i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn Am-
hymlr-Xnsb {_-ns kzcq-]-sap a\-n-em--Ww
as BlpXn An-bn Hgn--Ww.
\mem-as hymlr-Xn-bmb "alx' {_-ns \ma-am-
bYm]x {]hXm bn bYm amkm AlP- b-Xp-sImv {_w-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Fp-s Im-s- m
cw. Ghw amw {_-]m-cn-tW-[m-Xcm-b-p-k-Xx- {_w Fm-n-sbpw Bm-hm-Ip-p, k-kz-cq-]-am-
kzm-lm. Ip-p. ap Fm tZh-X-I AXns AwK--fp-am-Ip-
{]Xn-thtimkn{] am `mhn {] am ]Zy-kz. p. AXn-\m GsX- nepw Hcp tZhX Cu hymlr-XnIfm

N P

I D]m-kn- -s -Sp-p-s h-n AXv k-kz-cq-]-\mb
]ctaizcs Xs D]m-k\ F Imcyw ad-p-t]m-Ic - p-
Xv. Fm tZh-X- Ifpw At-l-ns Xs AwKfm-b-
Xp-sImv ap tZh-X-I-fpsS D]m-k-\bpw At-l - ns
Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\p-tijw Cu hymlr-Xn-If - n temI-
-sf-n Nnn-p--Xn-\p hn[nbpw C{]-Imcw ]d-n-
cn-p-p. "`qx' CXv ]rYzn-sb-p-dn-p-p. "`qhx' A-co-
-t-bpw, "kzx' kp{]-kn--amb kz-tem-I-t-bpw,
"alx' CXv kqcy-t\bpw Ipdn-p-p. Fp-sImsm
kqcy-\n\npw Fm temI-fpw alnam\znX-am-bn-sm-
n-cn-p-p. `qx, `phx, kzx Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-Ifpw
B ]c-ta-iz-cs hncmSv ico-cc - q-]-am-Ip Cu qe
{_m- WvUs Ipdn- p- p AXm- bXv ]c- ta- iz- cs AwK-
ns \mahpw AXp-t]mse "alx' F \mem-as
hymlrXn Cu hncmSv ico-cs {]Im-in-n-p AXns
B-kz-cq-]-am-Ipp ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Ipdn-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.
"alx' CXp kqcys \maw BIp-p. kqcys Bmhpw
]c-ta-iz-c Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m kqcy-cq-]-n
\nv Fm temI--tfbpw At-lw-Xs {]Im-in-n-p-
sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv ChnsS kqcys D]-e--
W-n\npw Cu hncmSv ico-cs {]Im-in-n-p-sIm-
n-cn-p CXns B-cq-]a - mb ]a-tc-iz-c-s\-s
D]m-k- \-bpsS ey-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
`qcnXn hm Anx. `ph CXn hmbpx. kph-cnXym
ZnXyx. al CXn N{-amx. N{-akm hmh khmWn
tPymXowjn alo-b-t. `qcnXn hm ENx. `ph CXn
kmam-\ n. kph- c nXn bPpw- j n. al CXn-{ _- .
{_Wm hmh kth thZm alo-b-t.
CXp-t]mse Xs hopw tPymXn- p-I-fn Cu hymlr-
Xn-IZzmcm ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k-\m-{]-Im-c- \nt- in- -
s-Sp-p. "`px' F hymlrXn An-bpsS \ma-am-b-Xn-\m
An Xs-bm- Ipp Fp `mhw. An-tZ-hX hmWn- bpsS
A[n-jvTm-\- tZ- h-Xbpw hmWn Hmtcm hnj- b--tfbpw hy-
amn {]Im-in-n-p--Xp-Im-cWw tPymXnpw BIp-p.
AXn-\m AXpw tPymXn-p-If - psS D]m-k-\-bn "`qx'
Fp tXmp-am-dm-Ip-p. "`phx' CXv hmbp-hm-Ip-p. hmbp-
tZ-hX XzKn-{n-b-ns A[n-j vTm-Xmhpw XzKn-{nbw
kv]i-\s {]Im-in-n-p--Xp-amb tPymXn-p-am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m tPymXn-hn-j-b-I-amb D]m-k-\-If - n hmbp-hn-
t\bpw Xzn-t\bpw "`phx' cq]-n a\-n-em--Ww.
"kzx' CXv kqcy-\m-Ip-p. kqcy t\t{X- {n- b--fpsS A[n-
jvTm-Xm-hm-Ip-p. t\t{X-{n-bhpw kqcys klm-b-tm-
Sp-IqSn cq]s {]Im-in-n-p tPymXn-m-Ip-p. AXn-
\m tPymXnhn-j-b-I-amb D]m-k-\-I-fn kqcy-t\bpw
t\t{X-{n-b - bpw "kzx' F hymlrXn cq]-n a\-
n-em--Ww. "alx' F \mem-as hymlrXn N{-\m-
sWp tXmp-p. N{ a\-ns A[n-jT v m-\-tZ-h-X-bm-
Ip-p. a\-ns klm-b - m a\-tm-sSm-p-h-kn-p-
N P
118
-Xn-\m Xs ka-kvtX-{n-b-fpw kz-amb hnj-b- K
sf {]Im-in-n-p-hm Ihn-hp--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. a\-n-
s\-q-SmsX Hpw kmy-a-. AXn-\m Fm tPymXn-p-
I-fnepw {][m\w N{-s\pw a\-n-s\-s "alx'
hymlrXn cq]w Fpw Adn-bW - w. Fp-sIm-s-m
N{-\n\npw AXm-bXp a\-n \np-Xs Fm
tPymXncq-t]-{n-b-fpw aln-a m-\zn-X-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-
p. C{]-Imcw a\-ns cq]-n ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-kn-
p--Xn-\p hn[n hy-am--s-n-cn-p-p. CXp-t]mse
Xs thZ--fpsS hnj-b-nepw hymlr-Xn-I-fpsS {]tbm-
Kw-aq-e-ap ]c-ta-iz-tcm-]m- k-\-bpsS {]Im-c- \nt-in-
-s-n-cn-p-p. CXm-W-Xns `mhw.
"`qx' CXv EtKz-Z-am-Ip-p. "`phx' kma-th-Zhpw "kzx'
bPpth-Zhpw "alx' {_hpw BIp-p. Fp-sIm-s-
m {_-n\npw Fm thZ-fpw aln-am-bp--
am-bn-cn-p-p. Fm thZ--fnepw hn-n-p kakvX
m\-fpw ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz- c-\n\n-p-Xs {]I-Shpw
At-l-n\n-p-Xs hym]vX-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse
B ]c-ta-iz- cs XXz--fpsS h\w Cu thZ--fn
ImWp-Ibpw sNpp; AXn- \m CXv At- l-ns aln-
X-s-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw thZ--fnse Cu hymlr-Xn-I-
fpsS {]tbm-Kw-sImv D]m-k\ sN-Ww.
`qcnXn ssh {]mWx. `ph CXy-]m-\x. kph-cnXn
hym\x. al CXy-w. At\ hmh kt {]mWm
alo-b-t. Xm hm GXm--X-kvd--Xp[m. NX-kvd-
-X kvtdm hymlr-X-bx. Xm tbm thZ. k thZ
{_. kthkvssa tZhm _en-am-h-l-n.
A X n- \ p - t i j w { ] mW s hn j - b - n C u
hymlrXnIfpsS {]tbm-Kw-sIm-p {]Im-c-sf {Kln-
n-p-p. "`qx' {]mW\pw "`phx' A]m-\\pw "kzx' hym\\pw
BIp-p. Cs\ PKZv hym]n-bmb kakvX {]mWX-
s-bmWv Cu aqp hymlr-Xn-I-fpw. Aw "alx' cq]-am-
Ip \memas hymlr-Xn-bm-W.v Fp-sIm- s-m
F{]-Imcw hymlr-Xn-If - n "alx' {][m-\-am-bn-cn--pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs Fm {]mWtbpw t]mjWw \Sn
Ah-bpsS aln-asb \ne-\np-Ibpw hfp-Ibpw
sNp--Xp-Im-cWw Ahsb At]-nv Aw {][m-\-s-
-Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mWs A-cym-an-bmb ]ctaiz-
cs D]m-k\ A-ns cq]-n \S--s-S-Ww.
C{]-Imcw \mep hymlr-XnItfbpw \mep {]Im-c-n
{]bp- - amn D]m-kn- p-- Xn-\p coXnsb ]d-nv AXv
{Klnv D]m- kn-p--Xp-sIm- p- m-Ip ^esf-p-dnp
]d-bp-p. \mep {]Im-c-W - -fn-embn {]bp--amb Cu
\mep hymlr-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw D]m-k- \-I-fpsS clkyw bmsXm-
cp- Adn-bp-pthm AXm-bXv a\-n-em-n-bnv AXn-\-
\p-k-c-W-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah {_s Adn-b p-Ibpw ka-kvX -tZ-h -X -I fpw
 119

I Ah\p ImgvN kan-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahs\ ]c- p. Ay-Im-ev B alm-]p-cp-j B am-nIqSn K

ta-iz-cs {]nb Fp IcpXn BZ-cn-p-Ibpw k- ico-c - ns shfn-bn ISv "`px' Fp ]d-bs - -Sp
cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. An-bn nXn-sN-p-p. {_- m\n {_-tem-I-n-
tep t]mIp-tm Ah BZy-ambn tPymXna-bnbpw
jjvTm-\ p- h mIw
A`n-am-\n-bp-amb An-tZ-hX - - bpsS A[n-Im-c-n hp-
k b Gtjmlr-Zb BIm-ix. Xkvan-bw tN-cp-p. A\-cw hmbp-hn nXn-sN-p-p. AXm-bXv
]pcptjm at\m-a-bx. AartXm lnc--bx. `qan-ap-X kqcy-tem-Iw-h-sc-bp Fm BIm-i--fnepw
Cu A\p-hm-I-n \mep-kw-K-Xn-I ]d-n-cn-p- bmsXm- cp-s A[n- Imcw \ne-\np- pthm bmsXmv
p. Ah-bpsS kw_w ]qm-\p-hm-I-n ]d-n- Fpw k-cn-p hmbp-hns A[n-jT v m-\-tZ-h-X-bm-bn-
p D]-tZifn\npw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Ip-p. B D]- cn-p-pthm bmsXmv "`phx' F t]cn Am-a-ym-
tZifpsS ]qo-I-c-W-n- \mbn CXv Bcw-`n-p-p. b-n hn--s-n-cn-p-pthm AXns Xs A[n-
Im-c-n Ah sNp-tN-cp-p. B tZhX Ahs\ "kzx'
]qm- \p-hm-I-n a\- ns A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-bmb F t]cn hn--s-Sp kqcy-tem-I-n Fn-
N{s\ C{n-b--fpsS A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-I-fpsS {]Im-i- p-Ibpw ]noSv AhnsS \npw "alx' F t]cn hnfn-
I Fp hnti-jn- n-n-cn-p-p. Ah-bpsS {_-cq-]-n- -s-Sp "{_' n nXn sNn-p-Ibpw sNp-
ep D]m-k\ sNp--Xn-\p bpnbpw a\-n-em-- p.
sp Ign-n-cn-p-p. B at\m-ab ]c-{_w AJn-e-
n-tbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]pcp-j Fhn-sS-bm-Ipp; B]vt\mXn kzmcm-Pyw. B]vt\mXn a\-k-kv]-
At-l-ns D]-e_v[n FhnsS \np-ap-m-Ipp Xnw. hmIv]-Xn- - p-jv]-Xnx. t{im{X-]-Xnhn-m-
Cmcyw Cu A[ymb-ns BZymw-i--fn D]-tZ-in- \- ] - X nx. GX- tXm `h-Xn.
n-cn-p-p. Aym-b-nse Cu Awi-ns Bibw {_-tem-I-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-\mb B alm-]p-cp-j
ap]- d - -X p-t]mse bmsXmv Cu lrZ-b - ns GX-h- -bn-em-Ipp F Imcyw Cu A\p-hm-I - ns
A`m-Kv AwKp-jT v - am-{X-amb ]cn-Wm-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb aqm-aw-i-n ]dpI-gn-p. A\p-hm-I-nse Cu
BImiw Dm- bn-cn-p-pthm AXns Cu hnip Awi-ns Bibw Ah kzcm-m-bn-o-cpp Fm-
{]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw Ahn-\m-inbpw at\m-a-b\pw A-cym-an- Wv. AXm-bXv apIfn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS A[n-Imcw \ne-
bp-amb ]c-ta-iz-c hncm-Pn-p-p. CXp-Xs At-l- \np-n-. Fnepw AXp kzbw Xs {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
ns kmm- Xvm-c- am- Ip-Xv AXns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn\p A[n-jvTm-Xm-h m-bn-o-cp-p, Fp-s Im-s-m a\-
ap e--fn-tepw t]mtI--Xmbn hcp-n-. ns ka-kvXm-x-I-c-W-k-ap-Zm-b--fpsS kzman-bmb
A-tcW Xmep-tI. b Gj kvX\ Chm-h-ew- ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m hmWn, Np-v,
_- t X. tk {- t bm- \ nx. b{Xmku tIimtm t{im{Xw, BZn-bmb ka-kvtX-{n-b-fpw Ah-bpsS tZh-
hnh- t X. hyt]mly ioj- I - ] m- t e. `qcn- X-Ifpw AXp-t]mse hnm-\- kz-cq-]-amb _pn-bp-sSbpw
Xyu {]Xn-Xn-jvT -X n. `ph CXn hmbu. kph-c n- kzman-bm-bn-o-cp-p. AXm-bXv Ch-sbmw Ah--[o-\-
Xym-Zn-tXy. al CXn {_-Wn. am-bn-o-cp-p. BZyw ]d-n-cn-p B km[-\-bn
\npw D]-cyp--amb ^ew e`n-p-p.
B ]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-cs\ Xs lrZ-b-n {]Xy--
am-bn--p-sIm-n-cn-p alm-]p-cp-j Cu ico-cs BIm-i-ic - ocw {_. kXym {]mWm-cmaw a\
XyPn-p-t]m-Ip-tm F{]-Imcw GXp amw shfn-bn-en-d- B\- w. imn kar--a-ar-Xw. CXn {]mNo-\-tbm-
n, GXp {Ia-tm-Sp-IqSn `qx, `phx, kzx cq]--fmb ka- tKym- ] m- z.
kvX-tem- I--fn ]cn-]q-ambn AJn- e-n-tbpw B- Ah {]m]n-p {_w F-s\-bp--Xm-Ipp?
kz-cq-]-am-Ip ]c-ta-iz-c\ - n hnebw {]m]n-pp Cu AXns\ F{]-I mcw Nnn- p-I bpw [ym\n- p-I bpw
Imcyw Cu A\p-hm-I-ns cm-as Awi-n sNWw? B {_w BIm-iw-t]mse \ncm-Im-chpw k-
shfn-s-Sp-n-bn-cn- p- p. a\p- jy- cpsS hmbn Xmep-hns hym-]nbpw AXyw kqva-i-co-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am- Ip-
CS-bn-embn apesRns BIm-c- n Xqn-n-S-p p. GI-am-{X-k-m-cq-]-hp-am-Wv. Fm C{n-b - pw
amwk-]nWvUw (A- Xns\ kwkm-c-`m-j-bn Ipdp- \m-sp hn{iaw \Ip-Xpw a\-n\v ]c-am-\-Z- m-b-I-hp-am-Wv.
]d-bp-p). AXn\p apIfn tIifpsS aqe-m-\-amb AJ-WvU-im-n-bpsS `WvUm-chpw kYm Ahn-\m-in-bp-
{_-c vd w AhnsS lrZ-b - n \npw ]pd-sv am-Wv. D-ah - n-izm-k-tm-Sp-IqSn C{]-Imcw IcpXn km[-
Ipdp\mns DnIqSn ISv cp It]metfbpw I At-ls {]m]n-p-X - n-\p-thn At-l-ns
t`Znp s]mbvsm-n-cn-p kpjpav\ F t]cn Nn-bnepw [ym\-nepw X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X- cm-
{]kn--amb \mUn, AXp-Xs C{-\m-a-n kwt_m- bn-o-c-Ww. Cu `mhs ImWn-p--Xn-\p-thn Ah-
[\ sN-s-Sp ]c-ta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-p hmXn-em-Ip- km\w {ipXn-bpsS hmWn-bn Ejn Xs injy-t\mSp ]d-

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 120

I bpp "tl {]mNo\ tbmKy, \o B {_ kzcq-]s sNp- p. K

C{]-Imcw IcpXn AXns D]m-k\ \Sq!'
Hm-as B[n-`u-XnI temI-kw-_-n-bmb ]wn-
k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw tbmSp \mem-as {]mW-k-ap-Zm-b-am-Ip Bym-n-I-]w-
np kw_--apv; Fp-sIm-s-m Hcp temI-
]rYn-hy-cnw ZuZntimhm-c-Zn-ix. AKv
n \np asmcp temI-n-tebvp _w ]pep-
\nhm-bp-cm-Zn-Xy--{am \-{Xm-Wn. B] Huj-
-Xn {]mW-\mWp {]m[m-\y-ap--Xv. Cu kwKXn kwln-
[tbm h\-kv]-Xb BImi Bm. CXym-[n-`q-Xw.
Xm-{ ]- I - c - W - n BZyta ]d- n- c n- p- p. cm-
AYm-ym-w. {]mtWm hymt\m]m\ DZm\x kam-
asXmb tPymXn hnj-bI - a- mb B[n-`u-XnI ]wn-
\x. Npx t{im{Xw at\m hmIv XzIv. N amwkw
tbmSv Am-as IcW kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip Bym-
kv\mhm-n-a-m. GX-Z-[n-hn-[mb Ejn-c-thm-N-Xv.
nI ]wnp _-ap-v. Fs- m B[n-`u-Xn-I--
] mMv w hm C Zw k hw. ] mMv t s s\ h
fmb B tPymXn- p- I Cu Bym- nI tPymXn- p- I-fpsS
]mMvw kv]rtWm-Xo-Xn.
klm-b n- I - f m- I p- p. Cmcyw imkv{ X- -f n ]e
Cu A\p-hm-I-n\p cp `mK- Dv. BZy-`m-K- epw ]d-n-p-v. CXp-t]m-se-Xs aqm-as
n AXn-ap-Jy--fmb B[n- `u-Xn-I-h- kX v p-sf temIw, qe ]Zm--fpsS B[n-`u-XnI ]wn Bdm-as
tPymXn-v, kvYq-e-]Z- m- Fo aqp ]wn-If - n- ico-c-K-X- [m-Xp--fpsS Bym-nI ]wn-bp-ambn _-
embn hn`-Pn-nv Ahsb hn-p-Ibpw cm-as `mK- s-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s- m Huj-[n-cq-]nIfpw h\-
n apJy--fmb Bym-nI (i-co-c-n-Xw) ]Zm- kv]-Xn-cq-]n-I-fp-amb A- n\npw amwk-a-m-Zn-I
sf {]mW, Ic-Ww, [mXp Fo aqp ]wn-I- fn- embn ]pjvSn-s-Sp-Ibpw A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpp FXp
hn`-Pnv Ahsb hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah-km\w {]Xy--a m-W-sm. C{]-Imcw qe-k q-va -X -Xz-sf
Ahsb D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn-\p bpnbpw ]d-n-cn-p- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw \-Xp-t]mse a\-n-emn Ah-bpsS
p. D]-tbmKw bYm-tbmKyw \nh-ln-p-p-sh-n a\p-
]rYzo-tem-Iw, A- co--tem-Iw, kz-tem-Iw, ]q jyv Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap D-Xnsb {]m]n-p-hm
]namZn Znp-I, Btb ss\cr- XymXn Ahm-c Znp- Ign-bp-p.
I Ch temI-ns B[n`uXnI ]wn-I, An, AjvT-am-\ p-h mIw
hmbp, kqcy, N{, \-{X- Ch tPymXn-p-I-
HmanXn {_. Hman-XoZw kw Hman-tXy-X-Z-\p-
fpsS B[n-`u-XnI ]wn, AXp-t]mse Pew, Huj-[nI,
Ir-Xnl kva hm At]ym {imh-tb-Xym-{im-h-b-n.
h\-kv]-Xn, BIm-iw, ]m-`u-Xn-I-q-e-i-cocw Ch
Hm anXn kmam\n Kmb-n. Hmw timan-Xn. ikv{XmWn
qe-P-U-]-Zm--fpsS B[n-`u-Xn-I] - w- n-bm-Ip-p.
iwk- n. HmanXy[zcypx {]Xn-Kcw {]Xn-Kr-W m-Xn.
Cs\ Ch-sbmw IqSn-t-Xns\ B[n-`u-Xn-I-]wn
AXm-bXv `uXn-I-]wn kaqlw Fp ]d-bp-p. CXp-
HmanXn {_m {]ku-Xn. Hman-Xy-n-tlm-{X-a-\p-Pm-
\m-Xn. HmanXn {_mWx {]h- y-ml {_tm-
t]m- se-Xs app ]d-n- p Bym-nI ico- c- ns
]m]v\ hm\o-Xn. {_ss-thm-]m-]vt\m-Xn.
Dn hkn-p ]wn-I; CXn {]mW, A]m-\,
hym\, DZm-\, kam-\ Ch {]mWs ]wnbpw Cu A\phm-I-n ]c-ta-iz-cs "Hmw' F \ma-
t\{Xw, a\-v, hmWn, Xzv Ch Ic-W-ka - p-Zm-b--fpsS tmSp a\p-jyp {ibpw `nbpw Dm-pXn\p-
]wnbpw Nw, amwkw, \mUn, An, a Ch ico- thn HmwIm-c-ns aln-asb hn-p-p. "Hmw'
c-KX [mXp--fpsS ]wnbpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw {][m- FXv ]c-{_- -] -c-a m- m-h ns \ma-a m-b -X p-sImp
\- -fmb B[n-`u-Xn- Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-amb ]Zm- - kmm {_w Xs-bm- Ip- p. Fp- sIm- s- m `K-
fpsS {Xnhn-[-]w-n-I Na-p-hn-p-Xv ChnsS D]- hms \mahpw `K-hkz-cq]w Xs- bm-Ip-p. Cu ImW-
e--W-cq-]-n-em-Ip-p. AXn-\m _mn hkvXp- s-Sp Fm temI-fpw "Hmw' F B {_-ns
Ch-bn AK-X-sap [cn-psImWw. C{]-Imcw Xs qe- cq-]- am- W.v "Hmw' FXv A\p-{I-Xn-bpsS A\p-
hn-nv {ipXn ]d-bpp: Cu ]wn-I-fn-embn hn`- tam-Z\ - -ns kqN-\-bm-Ip-p. Ftm GsX-nepw
Pnp hn-n-p ]Zm- -sfmw Xs ]wn-I-fpsS kwK-Xnsb A\p-tam-Zn-p-pthm Atm t{ijvT-]p-cp-j-
Hcp kap-Zm-b-am-Ip-p. Chbvp ]c-kv]cw L\n-jT v - amb \mb ]c-ta-iz-cs \ma-kz-cq-]a - mb Cu HmwIm-cs D-
kw_- -ap-v. Cu clkyw a\-n-emn AXm-bXv B[n- cnv BwKy-tmsS AXns\ A\p-tam-Zn-p-p. av A-
`u-XnI ]Zm- tm-Sp-IqSn Bym- nI ]Zmv c-ln-X- -fmb ]Z D-cn--s-Sp-n- . Cmcyw {]kn-
Fp _-am-Wp-Xv? F Imcyw \-Xp-t]mse a\-n- - am-Wv. injy Xs Kpcp- hn- t\mSpw AXp- t]mse t{imXmhv
emn a\p-j y Bym-n-I-i - n-bnIqSn `uXnI GsX-nepw ]WvUn-X- t\mSpw D]-tZ-is A`yn- p-
]Zm--fpsS hnImkw kwkn--am-p-Ibpw `uXn-I-]- tm Kpcphpw hmhpw "Hmw' Fp ]d-p-sIm-p-
Zm--fnqSn Bym- nI insb hfp-Ibpw Xs D]-tZ-in-p-hm Bcw-`n-p-p. kma-thZw ]mSp--

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 121

I hcpw "Hmw' F {io]-c-ta-iz-cs \maw \mbn D-cn-nv Kt`m-ev]m-Z\w \S-epw EXp-Im-e - n \nb-a-{]-Imcw K
kma-th-Z-nse Km\- ]mSp-p. b-I-- fn kv{Xokw-t`mKw \S-epw AXp-t]mse IpSpw-_s
ikvXi - w-k-\m-Iw \S-p imkvXm Fp t]cp hfp- -Xn-\p D]m-b- \S-epw Cs\ Fm
EXznp "Hmw timw' Fp ]dv imkv{X- -fpsS AXm- t{ijvT-I--fp-tSbpw A\p- jT v m-\- \S-n-smp
bXv XZznjbI-a-{--fpsS ]mT- Dcp-hn-Sp-p. b- Pohn-Ww Fv ChnsS kqNn- n-p-p. Aym-]-I-t\bpw
I- \S-n- p A[zcy Fp-t]-cp EXznpw D]-tZ-i-I-t\bpw kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Cu Fm I-
"Hmw' F ]c-ta-iz-cs \mas D-cn-n-p-Xs {]Xn-K- hy- - f p- s Sbpw kap-N n-X -a mb ]me\w {]tXy- I npw
c-a-{s D-cn-p-p. {_mhv (\memw EXzn-v) "Hmw' BhiyamWv; Fp- sIm- s-m Ah-cpsS BZi-sf
Fv ]c-{_ ]c-am \mas D-cn-p-sImp b- hnZymXvYnIfpw t{imXm-fpw A\p-I-cn-p-p. cYo-X-
Iw \S-p--Xn\v A\p-h-Zn- p-p. AXp-t]mse "Hmw' cs ]p{X kXy-hN - v aljn ]d-bp-Xv ""Cu Fm
Fp ]d- p-sIm-p- Xs An- tlm{Xw \S- p--Xn\pw I--fnepw kXyw Xs k-t{i-jvT-am-Ipp; Fp-
A\p-h-Zn-p-p. Ay-b\w \S-p--Xn-\p-Zyp--cmb sIm-s-m Hmtcm Ihpw kXy-`m-j-W-tm-Sbpw
{_mW {_-N m-cn-Ifpw "Hmw' F ]c-ta-i z-cs kXy-`m-h-tm-Spw- IqSn sN-s-m am{Xta bYm-cq-
\mas BZy-am-bp--cn-p-sImv "F\np thZw \-Xp- ]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-o-cppq'' Fm-Wv. ]pcp-in-jvS-
t]mse ]Tn-p-hm Ign-bs' Fp ]d-bp-p. AXm-bXv ]p-{X- \mb Xt]m-\n-Xy-a-ljn ]d-bp-Xv ""X]--cy-Xs
Hmw Imcw bmsXm-cp-s \maw BIp-pthm B ]c-ta- k- t{i- jT v -am- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-s- m X]- n \np-
iz-c-t\mSv Hmm-cs D-cn-p-sImv Cu {]m\ \S- Xs kXy-`m-j-WmZn kakvX [--fp-tSbpw ]me\w
p- p. "Rm thZs sshZn-I-m- \s {]m]n- pw. \S-p--Xn\pw Ah-bn Dd-p-\np--Xn\pw D
AXn-\p _pn \In-bm-epw, CXns ^e-kz-cq-]-ambn in Dm-Ipp' FmWv apZvK-e-Is ]p{X \mI-ap-
Ah thZ-s \n-t-l-ambpw {]m]n-p-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw, "thZ-fpw [-im-k{v X-fpw ]Tn-
Cu a{- n Hmmc-ns aln-asb hn- n-cn-p-p. epw ]Tn-n-epw Xs k-t{i-jvT-am-Ip-p. Fp-
sIm-s-m AXp-Xs X]-m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ch-
\h- am-\ p- h mIw
bn \np-X-s- bmWp X]p apX-embn Fm [--
EXw N kzm[ymb {]h- N t\ N. kXyw N fp-tSbpw m\w Dm-Ip-Xv'' Fm-Ip-p. Cu Fm
kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N. X] kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ aljn-amcpw ]d-bp-Xv bYm-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS IY-\-
N. Za kzm[ymb {]h-Nt\ N. A-b kzm[ym- sf D-cn-p-sImv Hmtcm I-nepw Cu aqs--
b-{ ]-h-N t\ N. An-tlm{Xw N kzm[ymb {]h- n\pw {]m[m-\y-ap-s `mhw ImWn--s-n-cn-p-p.
Nt\ N AXn- Y - b kzm[ym- b - { ]- h - N t\ N. bmsXmcp Iw sN-s-Sp-p-hthm AXv ]T-\-]mT-
am\pjw N kzm[ymb {]h- N t\ N. {]Pm N fn \npw D]-e-_v[-amb imkv{X-m-\-n-\-\p-Iq-e-am-
kzm[ym-b -{]-h -N t\ N. {]P-\ - -k zm-[ ymb {]h- bn-cn--Ww. F{X-am{Xw hnLv\- Dm-bn-sm--s,
Nt\ N. {]Pm-Xn kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N. kXy- kzw I-hy- ]m-e-\-X-]-n kZm Dd-p-Xs \np-
anXn kXy-h Nm cmYo-X-c x. X] CXn Xt]m-\nXyx Ibpw Hmtcm {Inb-bnepw kXy-`m- hhpw kXy-`m-j-W- ]- c-amb
]ucp-in-jvSnx. kzm[ymb {]h-Nt\ GthXn \mtIm hntij {ibpw Dm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.
auZvK-eyx. Xn X]-kvXn X]x.
Zi-am- \ p-h mIw
Cu A\p-hm-I - n Ay-b-\hpw Aym-]-\hpw \S-
Alw hrky tccn-hm. Ionx ]rjvSw Kntc-
p--hsc imkv{X--fn \nt-in-n-cn-p am-
cn-h . Du[z-] - h nt{Xm hmPn- \ oh kzar- X -a -k va n.
nqSn kzbw \o-W-sa Imcyw Hm-s-Sp-p-
{ZhnWw k-k - w. kpta[m Aar-tXm-nXx CXn-
p. CtX-Imcyw D]-tZ-i-I\pw D]-tZiw {ihn-p--h\pw
{X-t i-tmth-Zm-\ p-h-N- \w.
a\- n-em- -W w. Ay-b -\ hpw Aym-] -\ hpw cpw
hfsc D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-Wv. imkv{X--fpsS Ay-b\w {Xnip Fp-t]-cp aljn ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-
sImp-Xs a\p-jyp kzw I-hy--fp-tSbpw nv X\n-p-mb A\p-`-hs hnh-cn-p-p. AXn-s\-
Ah-bpsS hn[n-I-fp-tSbpw ^efp-tSbpw m\w Dm- s ChnsS D-cn- n-cn- p-p. {Xni- p-hns hmn{]-
Ip- p. AXn-\m CX- \p-jvTn-p- sIm-p-Xs AtXm-Sp-IqSn Imcw kzw Ax-Ic - -W-n Nnn-p--Xp-Xs ]c-
bYmtbm-Ky-amb kZm-Nm-c-]m-e\ - hpw kXy- `m-jW - hpw am {]m]vXn-p km[-\-bm-Ip-p. CXp ]d-bp--Xn-\p-
kz[ ]me-\- n kw`-hn- m-h p IjvS XIfpw Xs Cu A\p-hm-I-ns Bcw`w D]-tbm-Kn-p-p.
C{nbsf kzm[o-\n-epw a\-ns\ \nb-{n-epw {ipXn-bpsS `mhmw CXm-W.v ""Rm {]hm-l-cq-]-n
An-tlm-{X-n-\m-bp Ansb Pzen-n-epw AXn A\m-Zn-Imew apX \ne-\n-p-t]m-cp Cu P\\ ac- W-am-
lh\w \S- epw AXn-Yn-tk- h\w sNepw Fm- h-tcmSpw Ip kwkmc hr-ns Dq-e\ - miw hcp-p--h\
- m-
a\p-tjym-Nn-X-ambn s]cp-am-depw im-kv{X-hn-[n-{]-Im-c-ap Ip-p. CXv Fs Ah-km-\s P-am-Ip-p. CXn-\p-

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 122

I tijw F\np ]p\w Dm-Ip-n-. Fs Ion- tbm-Sp-IqSn Krl-m-{i-a-n {]th-inp kz[-sf K

]- X - i n- J - c w- t ]mse D - X hpw hni m- e - h p- a m- W v . ]men- p- sImv km\ ]c-- c-Isf kwc-n- p- I. CXn\p
Atmm-Z-\- i-n-bm bp-amb kqcy-\n Fs\ tem]w hcp- -c p-X v. AXm-b Xv imkv{X-h n-[n-{]-Imcw
D-a-amb AarXw \nh-kn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Rm\pw hnhmlw Ign [-]- Xv\n- tbm-Sp-IqSn EXp- Im-e- n \nb-
hnip cmK-tZm-jm-ZnIfm kYm ap\pw Aa-c-kz- a-{]-Im-c-ap kl-hmkw A\p-jT v np km-t\mm-Z-\-
cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. CXp IqSmsX Rm {]Im-i-bp--[-\- Iw A\m-k-n-]qw \S-p-I. \o Hcn-epw kXy-
ns `WvUm-Km-chpw ]c-am-\-- cq-]-am- Ip Aar- X-n n\npw hyXn-N-en--cpXv; AXm-bXv Ifn-X- am-i-bnepw
\na-\pw t{ijvT-amb [mc-Wm-bp--_p-n-bm k- hy-amb Imcy--fnepw hmWn-bpsS insb \jvS-s-
\pw BIp-p.'' CXv {Xni-p-a-ljn-bpsS thZm-\p-hN - -\- Sp--cp-Xv. ]cn-lm-k-sa \mSy-n Hcn-epw Ifhp ]d-
-fm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv m\-{]m-]vXn-p-tijw hy-am- b- cp- Xv. C{]-Imcw Xs [-]m-e-\- -fn sXp {]hn-
-s Bm-hns DZvKm-c-am-Ip-p. -cpXv; AXm-bXv Fs-nepw \mSy-ntem Ae-k-X-
bmtem [s Ah- t l- f n- - c p- X v . euIn- I hpw
a\p-jy GXp {]Im-c-n- ep `mh\ sNp-pthm
imkv{Xohpw Bbn I-hy-cq-]-n e`y-am-Ip F{X-
AXp `mh-\-b-\p-k-cnp kw`-hn-p-p. Ahs kev]-
sb{X ip`-I--fptm Ahsb Hcn-epw XyPn-p-
n CXv A]qhpw B-cy-P-\-I-hp-amb in-bm-Ip-
Itbm Ah-bn Dt] hnNm-cn-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. adnv
p. AXn-\m bmsXmcp a\p-jy Xns D]-cyp-
bYm-tbmKyw Ahsb A\p-jvTn- p-sIm-p-Po-hn--Ww. [\-
-amb `mh- \-bpsS A`ymkw \S-p-pthm Ah \n-
k-p hn-n-p-h euIn-tIm--Xn-I-fpsS km[-\-
b-ambpw A-s\-X- s-bm-bn-o-cpw. Fm Cu km[-
Isf kw_-npw DZm-ko\ at\m-`mhw kzoI-cn--cp-Xv.
\-bn ]q-amb {i-bpsS Bhiyap-v. `mh-\--\p-
CXn-\p-th-nbpw hm-{i-am-\p-Iq-e--fmb {]h-\-
k-c -W -amb KpWw hcmsX Almcw hp `hn- -
A\p-jvTn--Ww. apJy hnjbfmb ]Tnepw ]Tn-
bmsWn \miw-Xs kw`-hn-p-p. Cu thZ-h-N-\--
n-epw Ahsb Hcn-epw Ah-tl-fn-p- Itbm aSn-sIm-
fpsS cl- kys icnpw a\-n-emn AXns\ Nnn-p-
pt]np-Itbm sN-cp-X.v C{]-Im-cw-Xs An-tlm-
I-bm-sW-n Almc-s--n-bp Bi-bvt Ah-
{Xhpw bm-Zn-I-fpsS A\p-jT v m-\-cq-]--fmb tZh-Im-cy-
Im- i-an-.
fpw {im X-WmZn ]nXr-Im-cy-fpw \S-p--Xn
GIm-Z-i m-\ p-h mIw Be-kytam Ah-tl-f-\m-]-c-amb {]am-Ztam kw`-hn--cp-X.v
thZ-a-\ q-Nym-Nmtcymthm-k n\ a\p-im-kvXn. amXr-tZthm `h. ]nXr-tZthm `h. BNm-cy-tZthm
kXyw hZ. [w Nc. kzm[ym-bmm {]a-Zx. BNm- `h. AXn-Yn-tZthm `h. bm\y-\h - -Zym\n IamWn
cymb {]nbw [\-am-lrXy {]Pm-Xpw am hyh-t- Xm\n tkhn-Xh- ym-\n. t\m CX-cm-Wn. bm\y-kvamIw
ox. kXym {]a-Zn-X-hyw. [m {]a-Zn-X-hyw. kpN-cnXm\n Xm\n Xztbm-]m-ky-\m-\n. t\m CX-cm-
Ipi-e m {]a-Zn-X -h yw. `pssXy \ {]a-Zn-X -h yw. Wn. tb tI Nmkva- vtd-b mwtkm {_m-t Wmx.
kzm[ym-b-{]-h -N\- m`ymw \ {]a-Zn-Xh
- yw. tZh-]n-Xr- tXjmw Xzbmkt\\ {]iz-kn-Xh - yw. {itbm
Im-cym`ymw \ {]a-Zn-X-hyw. tZbw. A{i--bm-tZ-bw. {inbm tZbw. lvdnbm-tZ-bw.
Krl- Xs PohnXw Fs\ Bhn-j v -c n- `nbm tZbw. kwhnZm tZbw.
Ww; Cmcyw {Kln-n-p--Xn\p thn Cu A\p- ]p{X, \o amXm-hn-t\bpw ]nXm-hn-t\bpw Kpcp-hn-t\bpw
hmIw Bcw-`n-p-p. BNm-cy injys\ thZ-ns AXn-Yn-tbbpw tZh-Xpeyw IcpXWw. Cu \mep-t]-tcbpw
Ay- b \w \- X p- t ]mse \S- np kam- h \ Cuiz-cs {]Xn-aqn-sbp IcpXn {i-tbmSpw `n-
kwkvm-c-k-abw Krl-m-{i-a-n {]th-in-nv Krl- tbmSpw Ch-cpsS Bsb ]menpw \a-k v -cnpw Pohn-
- [-sf ]men-p-- Xn- \p hnZy \Ipp ]p{X, p-I. Chsc Ftmgpw Xs hn\-b] - q-amb \S-]-Sn-I-
\o Ftmgpw kXyw kwkm-cn--Ww, B]p kw`-hn- fm {]k--cm-n-op-I. temI-n-ep \ntm-j-
mtmepw Is Hcn-epw icWw {]m]n--cp-Xv. -fmb Fm I--tfbpw \o tkhn--Ww. Ah-bn
Xs hm-{i-a-n- \-\p-Iq-ea - mbn imkv{X-k--X--fmb \npw hncp--ambn tZmj-bp--fpw \njn---fp-amb
[-sf A\p-jT v n-p-I. kzm-[ym-bt- msS AXm-bXv I-sf ad-nv kz]v\-ntmepw Ahsb BN-
thZm-`ym-kt- m-Sp-IqSn kym-h - -\hpw Kmb-{Xo-P-]hpw cn--cp-Xv. \psS kzw-Kpcp P\--fpsS BNm-c-hy-h-lm-
`K-h-ma KpW-Io-\-fpw \Sn \nXy-Ifn c--fn D-a-fpw alm-m--fm A\p-tam-Zn--s-n-
Hcn-epw {]amZw hcp-m-Xn-cn-pI AXm-bXv Hcn-epw p--h-bp-amb BN-c-W-sf kw_- nv bmsXm-cp-hn-[-
Ahsb A\m-Zc - -thm-Sp-IqSn \S-m-Xn-cn-p-I. Be-kyw- n-ep- ap i-In- S-an-m--hsb \n A\p-I-cn--
aqew \S-m-cn-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. Kpcp-hn\p Zn- Wm-cq- Ww. bmsXm-ns\ kw_-nv Aev]-sa-nepw i-bp-m-
]- n At-l-ns cpNn--\p-k-c-W-amb [\w sImp Ip-pthm AXns\ Hcn-epw A\p-I-cn-p-hm ]mSn-.
hv t{]a-]qw \evIp-I. ]ns At-l-ns B- bmsXm-cp- Bsc-nepw t{ijvT hb-nepw hnZy-
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 123

I bnepw X]-nepw BN-c-W- -fnepw D-X Bbn-p-- -h\pw Fm-h-tcmSpw kvt\l-a-ba K

- mb s]cp-am--tm-Sp-
h XYm {_m-WmZn ]qPy, hon BK-X- \m-Ip-I-bm- Iq-Sn-b-h\pw AXp-t]mse GI-am-{X-amb [-]m-e-\-n
sW- n B Bfns\ ]mZyw ALyw Bk\w apX-em-bh B{K-l-aph\p-amb hnZzm-\p-amb {_m-W F{]-Imcw
\In Fm {]Im-c-nepw _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw bYm- C- s\-bp Imcy- {]hn- p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-
tbmKyw tkh\w sNp-Ibpw thWw. Xs in--\p- Xs \nfpw BN-cn--Ww. A-s\-bp Ah-k-c-
k-c- W-amb Zm\w sNp-- Xn\pw \n DZm-c-]q-I- ambn n At-l-ns D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnpw At-l-ns
X-c-cm-bn-cn--Ww. Fs-nepw \Ip-I-bm-sW-n BZi- a -\ p-k -c npw Ahsb A\p-K -a n- -W w. CXp
AXv _lp-am-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn--Ww. {im-]q-a- IqSmsX Hcp-h GsX-nepw tZmj-m If--s-p-t]m-
msX bmsXmpw \Ip-hm ]mSn- . Fp- sIm-s- m sb-n Ah-t\mSv Fs\ s]cp-am-dWw F hnj-b-
A{i--tbmsS \I-s-Sp Zm\m-Zn-I- Ak- nepw \nv Hcp hnj- am- h Dm-Ip-I-bm-sW-n
mbn ]cn- K - W n- - s - S p- p. hn\-b - t msS Zm\w \nv kzw _pn-bm Hcp Xocp-am-\-n-se-p-
sNWw; AXm-bXv Fm k-p-Ifpw `K-hm-t-Xm-Ip- hm km[n-p-nsn apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p hn[-
p. Rm\-Xns\ Ft- sXp Icp-Xpp Fn AXv AXy- n- ep alm- m-cmb BfpI Ah-t\mSp Fns\ s]cp-
[nIw A]-cm-[-am-Ip-p. AXns\ Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw am-dp-thm A-s\-Xs \nfpw {]hn--Ww. Ah-
lrZ-b-n nXn-sN-p `K-hms tkh-\-n-\mbn cpsS \S-]-Sn-I Cm-cy-n {]am-W-am-Ip-p.
Nne-h-gn-t-Xv Fs I- hy-am-Ip-p. Rms\-p- am{Xw
imkv{X- ns B- -imkv{Xw ]ngn- s- Sp kv
sImSp-mepw AXv Aev]-am- {Xta BIp-p-q. C{]-Imcw
CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Kpcp--mcpw amXm-]n-Xm-fpw X-
Nnnp hfsc Ffn-a-tbm-Sp-IqSn \I-Ww. a\-n Zm\n-
fpsS i njy- mpw km- \ - pw \Ip
bm- sW Al-mcw hcp-hm-\-\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v Fm- bn-Spw
D]tZi Fm thZ- -fp- sSbpw cl- ky-amb CXp-X- s-
Fm-nepw `K-hm nXn-sN-p-p. AXn-\m Zm\w
bm-I p- p. am{X- a - , \nb- a hpw CXp-X -s -b m-I p- p.
kzoI-cn-p--Xp-Xs At-l-ns Ir]-sbm-p-am{Xw
Cuizcs Bbpw ]c--cm-K-X-amb D]-tZ-i--fpsS
Fp hnNm-cnp `K-hm-t\mSp `bm-\zn-X-\mbn Zm\w \I-
\mahpw Cu \nbaw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m \n
Ww. ""R Nnesmw D]-Imcw sNpp'' Fp
CXp-t]m- se-bp I-hy-fpw kZm-Nm-c-fpw ]men-p-
`mh-tm-Sp-I q-Sn, Al-m-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Ahn-\-b-ambn
sIm- - Ww.
bmsXmcp Zm\hpw sN-cp-X.v Fm bmsXmv \mw Zm\-
cq-]-n \Ip-pthm AXp hnth-I-tmSpw AXns ZzmZ- im- \ p-h mIw
]cn-Wm-as a\-n-em-nbpw \njvm-a-`-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb iw t\m an{Xx iw hcp-Wx. iw t\m `h-Xz-cy-am.
I-hy-sap Icp-Xnbpw Bbn-cn--Ww. C{]-Imcw \evI- iw \ Ct{m _rl-kv]X - nx. iw t\m hnjvWp-cp-cp-
s-Sp Zm\w `K-h{]o-Xn-mbn awK-f-ns km[-\-bm- {I-ax. \tam {_-tW. \akvtX hmtbm. Xztah
bn-o-cp-hm CS-bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs A-b-^-es {]Xyw {_m-kn. Xzmtah {]Xyw {_m-hm-
{]Zm\w sNp--Xm-Ip-p. Zn-jw. EX-a-hm-Zn-jw. kXy-a-hmZnjw. Xm-am-ho-Xv.
AY bZn tX I-hn-Nn-Inm hm hr-hn-Nn- XZz-m-c-am-ho-Xv. Bho-mw. Bho-Zz-m-cw.
Inm hm kymXv tb X{X {_mWmx kin- Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
\x. bpm Bbp-mx. Aepm [-Imamx kyp;
bYm tX X{X h-tc. XYm X{X htYmx. inm-h - n-bpsS Cu An-am-\p-hm-I-n `n-`n--
AYm`ymJymtXjp. tb X{X {_Wmx kin- i-nIfpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp `n`n--
\x. bpm Bbpmx Aepm [-Imamx kypx, \m-a-nepw cq]-nepw At-ls kvXpXn-p-sImv
bYm tX tXjp-h-tcx XYm tXj-ht-Ymx. {]m-\m-]qw \n {]I-Sn-n-p-p. B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw
Gj BtZix. Gj D]-tZix Gjm thtZ-]-\n-j- Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-`u-Xn-I-hp-amb in-I-fpsS cq]-
Xv. GX-Z\pimk-\ w. Gh-ap-] m-k n-X hyw! Ghap nepw AXp-t]mse Ah-bpsS A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-hX - -I-fmb
ssNX-Zp- ]m-k yw. an{X hcp- W apX- emb tZh- X-I- fpsS cq]-nepw bmsXm-
cp- AJn- e - n- tbpw Bmhpw A-cym-an-bp-am-bn-
Ch-sbmw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp-npw \nv GsX- cn-p ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Atlw Fm-{]-Im-
nepw Hc-h- k-c-n kz I-hys \n-bn- pXn\v c- nepw \app Ieym- W-a-b-\mbn `hn-s \psS D-
hnjaw t\cn-Sp-Itbm kzw _pn-bn Hcp Xocp-am-\-n- Xn-bpsS am-n bmsXm-cp-hn-[-n-ep hnLv\ -
se-p--Xn\p km[n-msX hcn-Itbm \n InwI- kw`-hn-p-hm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn--s. \nJn-e-nsbpw
hy-hn-aq-V-\m-bn-o-cp-Itbm BsW-n A-s\- bp A-cym-an-bmb {_s \a-k v -cn-p-p.
Ah--bn \ Nnm-K-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \pw DNn-X--
fmb \ D]-tZ-i- \Ip--h\pw k--fnepw C{]-Imcw imn-p-thn ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp {]mn-
kZm-Nm-c--fnepw X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cn-p- np kq{Xm-m-hmbn {]mW-cq-]-n Fm Pohn-I-fnepw

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 124

I hym]n-n-cn-p ]c-ta-iz-cs\ hmbp-hns \ma-n {]Y-am- \ p-hmIw K

kvXpXn-pp ""tl k-i-n-am, Fmntbpw
{_-hn-Zm-]vt\mXn ]cw. XtZ-jm-`yp-m.
{]mW-cq-]a- mb hmbp-ab ]c-ta-iz-c, Asb \akv-cn-
p-p. Ap-Xs Fm {]mWn-I-fp-tSbpw {]mW-kz-cq- {_ m\n-bmb alm-mhv ]c-{_-s {]m]n-
]-amb {]Xy {_-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m Rm A-sb- pp; Cmcyw Adn-bn- p- -Xn\pw apn hcp {ipXn
s {]Xy--ssZ-ha - -sap ]dp hnfn-p-p. Rm ]d-b-s- Sp-p.
EXw F \ma-nepw Asb hnfn-p-p. Fp-sIm- kXyw m\-a-\w {_. tbm thZ \nlnXw
s-m Fm Pohn-Ip-ambn bmsXmv Ieym-W-Im- Kplmbmw ]cta thyma. tkmiv\ptX khm
cn-bmb \nb-a-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B \nb-a-cq-]a - mb EX Imam kl {_mWm hn]-n-tX-Xn.
(Cuizc-\n-b-a)ns A[n-jvTm-Xmhpw Ap Xs-bm-
Ip-p. am{X-a-, Rm kXyw F t]cnepw Asb Cu a{- n ]c- {_ ]c- am- m-hns kzcq] t_m[-
kwt_m-[\w sNpp; Fp-sIm-s-m, "kXy' (b- I- amb e- W-sf ]d-nv At-l-ns {]m]vXn-m-
Ym-`m-j-W)-ns A[n-jT v m-\-tZ-h-Xbpw Ap-X-s-\s hnv At- l- ns {]m]vXn- sIm- p ^ehpw
bm-Ip-p-h-sm. k-hym-]nbpw A-cym-an-bp-amb ]c-ta- hnh-cn-p- p. ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhpw kXy-kz-cq-]-\m-sWv
iz-c kZm-Nm-chpw kXy-`m-j-Whpw kZvhnZy {]m]n-p- Bi-bw. "kXy' i_vZw ChnsS \nXy-X-bpsS t_m[s
-Xn-\p in F\nv {]Zm\w sNbvXv P\-\a Df-hm-p-p. AXm-bXv B ]c-{_w \nXy kv BIp-
- -c-W-am-
Ip Cu kwkm- c-N-{I-n\npw Fs cn-p-Ibpw p. bmsXmcp Ime-nepw AXn\v A`mhw Dm-Ip-n-.
AXp-t]mse Fs BNm-cy\v Fm D]-tZ-i-fpw \In AXp-t]mse Atlw m\-kz-cq-]\pw BIp-p. At-
Fm-bn-Spw B kXys {]N-cn-n-p--Xn-\p in l- n Am\w eh-teiw t]mepw C. Atlw A\-
{]Zm\w sNbvXv At-ls cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p- - am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv tZi-n\pw Ime-n\pw AXo-X- \m-
p. ChnsS "Fs cn-n-cn-p-p, Fs BNm-cys\ Ipp ko amc-ln-X-\m-Ip-p. B {_w AXn-hn-ip--
cn-n-cn-pp' Cu hmIy--fpsS Bh-\-ns amb BIm-i-n hkn-p-sIm-n-cp-npw Fm-h-cp-
Bi-bw-in-m-h-n-bpsS kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-p-p. tSbpw lrZ-bK - p-l-I-fn Hfn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ bmsXmcp km[-I XXz-tm-
Hmw imnx imnx imnx C{]- Imcw aqp {]mhiyw Sp-IqSn a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah Fm-tbpw \m-b-
"imn' ]Zs D-cn-p--Xns `mhmw B[n-`u- dn-bp--h-\mb B {_-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p-sImv Fm
Xn-Ihpw B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-ambn aqp hn[- {]Im-c-n-ep-ap t`mK-sf Aeu-In-I-am-b-co-Xn-bn
n-ep hnLv\ - v kYm D]-i-a\w Dm-Is A\p-` -h n- p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu {_m-WvU-n
F- Xm-Wv. `K-hm imn- kz-cq- ]-\mIpp. AXn- \m At- bmsXmv PU-tN-X-\m-cq-]-amb PK- m-bn-cn-p-pthm
l-ns kvac-W-bn \npw Fm {]Im-c-n-epap AXv Cuiz-c-\m ]cn-]q-am-bn-cn-p-p. B Cuiz-cs\
imn kp\nnX-am-Ip-p. Xns hkn-n- p-sImv AXm-b Xv \nc-cw
{_m-\ - - h n Nnnp sImp-Xs hkn-n-p-sImv AXm-bXv \nc-
cw Nnn-p-sIm-p-Xs XymK-]qw Ah-iy-hn-j-b-
imn- ] mTw sf tkh\w sN-Ww. bmsXm-cp-]t- Ziw km[-I\ - p-
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\pw kl- thn \I- s - n- c n- p- pthm Amcyw Xs ChnsS
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am kn-m-cmb alm-m--fpsS nXn-sb-n ]d-bp--Xn\v
hnZznjm hssl. {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p. "Ah {_-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm
t`mKfpw A\p-`- hn-pp' ]c- am-m- hns\ {]m]n kn-
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!! cmb ]pcp-j-m C{n-b- hgn-bmbn _mly- hn- j- b- sf
tl ]c-a m- , Ap Kpcp-i n-j y-c mb Rsf A\p-`-hn-p-sImv kzbw ]c-am-m-hnXs nXn-sN-
Ftmgpw Fm {]Imc-nepw cn-mepw! Rsf p-p. Ahs a\-,v _pn, C{n-b--fpsS {]h-\-
Ftmgpw kap-N n-X -amb cq]- n ]cn-] m-e n- m-e pw. Ch apJm-n-c-ap-m-Ip Fm tNjvS-Ifpw ]c-am-
Rv Fm-hn[ in-Ifpw {]Zm\w sNbvXm-epw. m-hn nXn-s N-b vXp-sIm- p-X s kw`-h n- p- p.
R A`y-kn hnZy tXPx-]q-am-bn-cn--tW. Hcn- BfpIfpsS ImgvN-bn Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cnv bYm-tbmKyw
epw BtcmSpw hnZy-bn Rp ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn- hnjbsf C{n-b-Zzmcm A\p-`-hn-p ka-bpw
m-Xn-cn--tW. R Pohn-X-Imew ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn-m- Ah ]c-am-m-hn\npw Hcp W-t\-c-t-bvp-
Xn-cn--tW. R Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h ]c-kv]cw t]mepw thhn-p-\np- n-. AXn-\m kZm Fm I-
kvt\l-kq-{X-m _-cm-bn-cn--tW. R-fpsS Dn -fn\npw \nte-]-ambn hkn-p-p. Cu `mhw ImWn-
Hcn-epw ]c-kv]-c-hn-tZzjw Dm-Im-Xn-cn--tW. tl ]c- p--Xn-\p-thn "hn]-nXm {_mWm kl km
am-. aqp Xm]-pw \nhr-n-bp-m--W-ta. Imam Aiv\ptX' Fp ]d-bs - -Sp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu

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 125

I {ipXn ]c-{_--ns kzcq-]hpw AXp-t]mse AXns Aw- sIm-p-Xs Ah-bpsS ]me-\hpw t]mj-Whpw \S- K
m\-ns aln-abpw Adn-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. p-p. AXn-\m Aw-sIm-p-Xs Ah Pohn-pp.
]noSv Ah-km\w Cu A-ns As
kw_w B ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhv F{]-Imcw Fs\-
D- hn-n-p `qan-bnXs hneo-\- am-bn-o-cp- p. Fm
bp Kpl-bn Hfn-n-cn-pp; At-ls Fs\
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw qe-i-
Xncn--dn-bWw Cu B{K-l-\n-hr-n-p-thn ASp
co-c-ns kw_--n \npw D-hn-p-p. Aw-
{]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p-p.
sImp Pohn- p-p. AXp- t]mse A- ns D- h- m-
XkvamZzm GX-kvam-Zm-\ BImix kw`q-X x. \-amb `qan-bn hnebpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXm-
BIm-im-Zzm-bpx. hmtbm-c-nx. At-cm-]x. AZv`yx Wn-Xns Xm-cyw. B ico-c - n hkn-p Pohm-
]rYn-h n. ]rYnhym Hmj-[ -b x. Hmj-[ ot`ymw. mhv A-n ebn-p-tN-cp-n; Ah-sb-m-am-Is
Am-Xv]p-cp-jx. k hm Gj ]pcptjmc ka- arXyp-Im-e-n {]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn Cu ico-c-n \npw
bx. Xtkym-Zt- a-h-in-cx. Abw-Z-nWx ]x. Ab- ]pd- sp ap ico- c- n-tep amdn-tm-Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Cu
ap--cx-]-x. Ab-am-m. CZw ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. Aw Fm PohnIfptSbpw D-h - ns Imc-W-am-Ip-
XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn. p. CXn Fmw ASnbn-cn-p-p. BI-bm CXp-
Cu a{-n a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-am-Ip Kplsb hn- Xs Fm-nepw t{ijvTw. AXn-\m CXp ku-j[
p- -Xn- \p Dt-i-tm- Sp- IqSn BZyw a\p- jy- i- co- c- ns cq]-sap ]d-b-s-Spp; Fp-sIm-s-m CXn
D-n-{I-as kwt- ]-ambn ]d-nv AXns Ah- PohnIfpsS p[m-P-\ y-a mb km]w \in- p- p.
b-h-sf ]n-If - psS AwK--fmbn hn`m-h\w sNp-p. bmsXmcp km[-I Cu As {_-cq-]-n D]m-
AJn-e-n-tbpw Bmhv A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m- hn kn- p-pthm Ah kakvX A-tbpw {]m]n-p- p.
\npw BZy-ambn BIm-i-X-Xz-n D-hnp Fp Ah\v CjvSw-t]mse Aw e`y- am-Ip-p. AXns A`mhw
kmcw. BIm-i - n \npw hmbp-X - X zhpw hmbp- Hcn-epw Dm-Ip-n-. Cu Aw Xs Fm `qX--
hn\npw An-X- Xzhpw An-bn \npw Pe-X-Xzhpw fnepw k-t{i-jvT-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv ku-j-[-a-
Pe-n\npw ]rYznbpw D-hn-p. ]rYzn-bn\npw b-sap ]d-bs - -Sp-Xp kYm kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep Hmj-[n-Ifpw [m\y-s-Sn-Ifpw Ah- Fm Pohn- I fpw A-n\npw D-hn-p-Ibpw Aw-
bn \npw a\p-jyp Blm-chpw D-hn-p. B sImp hf- c p- Ibpw Ah-bpsS Ah-b-h-]pjvSn Aw-
A- n\npw Cu qe-a-\p-jy-i-coc ]pcp-j\pw sImp kw`- h n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw
Dm-bn. A-c-k-n \npw Dmb a\pjy-i-co-c-[m- CXns\ `n-p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse Fm Pohn-I-tfbpw
cn-bmb ]pcp-js\ ]n-bpsS cq]-tm-Sp-]-an-n-cn-p-p. CXp `n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Xn-te-bvp-Xs hen-s-Sp-
CXns inc-ns\ ]n- bpsS inc- tmSpw CS-p-`p-Ps p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m ""AZy-tX, An N CXn
CS-p-] - -tmSpw D]-an-p-p. he-Xp-`pPw he-Xp-]- Aw'' F hypev] - n-b -\ p-k -c nv CXns \maw
hpw ico-c-ns a[y-`mKw ]n-bpsS ico-c - ns Asambn-cn-p-p.
a[y-`m-Khpw BIp-p. cp-]m-Z-fpw ]n-bpsS Imep- Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- Z- - c - k - a - b m-Z t\ymc
am-Ip-p. A-ns aln-asb hn-p-sImpXm- Bm {]mW-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. k hm Gj
Ipp ASp a{w. ]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcp-
j-hn-[x. Xky {]mW Gh incx. hymt\m Zn-Wx
ZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw
]x. A]m\ Dcx ]x. BImi Bm.
A ms sZz {] Pmx {]Pm- b - t .bmx Im ]rYnho ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-
]rYnhow {ioXmx. AtYm At-s s\h Poh-n. Xn.
AssY\- Z - ] n- b - y- - X x. Aw ln `qXm\mw
ZznXo-bm-\p-hm-I-nse Cu cmw Awi-n {]mW-
tPyjvTw. Xkvam-hu-j-[-ap-Ny-tX. kw ssh
a-b-amb ico-cs hn-n-cn-p-p. ]qtm--amb
tXam-]v\p-h- ntbw {_tm-]m-k-tX. Aw
A- c-k-n \npw D-hn-n-p qe ico-c- n
ln `qXm\mw tPyjvTw. Xkvam-hu-j-[-ap-Ny-tX.
\npw `n-ambn AXns Dn nXn-sN-p asmcp
Am-Zv`q-Xm\n Pmb-t. PmXm-\y-t\ h[-t.
ico-c-ap-v. AXns t] "{]mW-abw' Fm-Ip-p. {]mW-
AZytXn N `qXm-\n. Xkvam-Zm\w XZp-NyX CXn.
a-b-t-m A-a-bi - -cocw ]q-am-Ip-p. A-a-b-
Cu a{- n A- ns alna hn- -s-n-cn- p- amb qe ico-c- s- m kqva-am- b-Xp-Im-cWw {]mW-
p. Cu ]rYzn-bn F{Xtbm Pohn-I hkn-p-p. Ah- ab icocw CXns AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fn hym]n-n-cn-p-
sbmw A-n \npw D-hn-n-cn-p-p. A- p. Cu {]mW-a-b-i-co-chpw ]pcp-jm-Im-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-X-
ns ]cn-Wm-a-cq-]a
- mb cP- n\npw hocy-n t{X. A- ab ico-c-ns ]pcp-jm-Im-cXzw {]kn--am-W.v
\npw Ah-bpsS icocw Dm-bn- cn-p-p. AXn\p tijw AXn A\p-K-X-am-bX - n-\ms Cu {]mW-a-b-ic - o-
N P

I chpw ]pcp-jm-Im-c-sap ]d-bs- -Sp-p. AXns\ ]n-
bpsS cq]-n hn`m-h\w sNp--Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Ipp
{]mWXs AXns incv; Fp-sIm-s- m ico-
c-ns Ah-b-h-b--fn akvXIw F{]-Imcw t{ijvT-
am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs ]-{]m-W--fn
apJy-{]m-W Xs k-t{i-jvTa - m-bn-cn-p-p. hym\
he-Xp-Nn-dIpw A]m-\ CS-Xp-Nn-dIpw BIp-p. BIm-
is AXm-bXv A-co--n hym]n-p-In-S-p
hmbp-hn-s\-tmse k-i-co-c-hym-]n-bmb "kam-\-hmbp'
Bm-hm-Ipp; Fp-sIm-s-m AXp-Xs icocw
apgp-h kam\ cq]-n ckw Fnv Fm {]mW-ab
ico-c--tfbpw ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. CXns m\w ico-
c-ns a[y-`m-K-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse CXn\v _mlym-Im-i-
hp-ambn kw_-- ap-v.
Cu {]mWs aln-am-hn-j-I-ambn ]d-bs
- -Sp a{-
amWv C\n-bp--Xv.
XrXo- b m- \ p-hmIw
{]mWw tZhm A\p {]mW-n. a\pjymx ]i-
h tb. {]mtWm ln `qXm-\ m-a m-b px. Xkv am-
hm-bp-j -ap-Ny-tX. k-tah X Bbpbn
tb {]mWw {_tm-]m-k-tX. {]mtWm ln `qXm-\m-
am-bpx. Xkvam-hm-bp-j-ap-Ny-X CXn. Xsskyj
Gh imcoc Bm bx ]q-ky.
aqm-a-\p-hm-I-nse Cu BZymwin {]mWs
aln-a sb hn- p {ipXnsb Dt-J \w sNbvX -
Xn\ptijw Cu {]mW-a-b- i-co-c-nse A- cym-an- bmb ]c-
ta-iz-cs\ ey-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. F{X-am{Xw tZh-X-Ifpw
a\p-jycpw arK--fp-ambn ico-c-[m-cn-I-fmb Pohn-I-fptm
Ah-sbmw {]mWs klm-bw-sImp am{Xw Pohn-p-
p. {]mW-s\-q-SmsX bmsXm-n-tbpw icocw \ne-
\np-n-. Fp-sIm-s-m, {]mWXs Fm
Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw Bbpv Poh BIp-p. AXn-\m
Cu {]mWs\ "khmbpjw' Fp hnfn-p-p. bmsXmcp
km[- I "CXp Pohn-I-fpsS Bbp-m- Ip- p, AXn-\m CXv
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Poh As-n Bbpv Fp ]d-b-
s-Spp' Fp hniz-knv Cu {]mWs\ _mly-cq-]-n
D]m-k\ sNp-pthm Ah ]q-amb Bbp-ns\
{]m]n-p-p. bmsXmcp km-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c A-
ns ck- m Dm- - s qe- i-co-c-[m-cn- bmb ]pcp-
js A-cm-m-hm- bn-cn-p- pthm Atlw Xs {]mW-
a-b-\mb ]pcp-js ico-cm-hnbpw A-cym-an-bp-
amb Bm-hm-bn-cn-p-p.
Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- X v {]m-W - a -b m-Z t\ymc
Bm at\m-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. k hm Gj
]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcp-
j-hn-[x. Xky bPp-tch incx. EKvZ-nWx ]x.
N P
126
kmtam-cx ]x. BtZi Bm. AYhm-MvKn- K
ckx ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
ChnsS at\m-a-b]- pcpjs\ hn-n-cn-p-p. BZyw
]d {]mW-ab ]pcp-j-\n\npw `nhpw AXn-s\-
m kqvahpw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw AXns Dn hkn-
p-Xp asmcp ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. AXns \ma-am-Ipp
""at\m-a-b''. B at\m-a-b-\m Cu {]mW-ab icocw
]q-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv AXv Cu {]mW-ab ico-c-n
k{X hym]n-n-cn-p-p. B at\m-ab ico-chpw ]pcp-
js BIm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- b-Xm-Ip-p. {]mW- a-b- ]p-cp-j- \n
A\p-K-X-\m-b-Xn-\ms Cu at\m-ab icocw ]pcp-j-
k-am-\-amb BIm-c- tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Ip-p. AXns\ ]n-
bpsS cq]-n C{]-Imcw hn`m-h\w sNpp B at\m-
ab ]pcp-js incv bPpth-Z-am-Ip-p. EtKzZw heXp
NndIpw kma-thZw CSXp Nnd-Ip-am-Ip-p. BtZiw (hn-[n-
hm-Iyw) ico-c - ns a[y-`m-Khpw AXp-t]mse AYm-
hv, AwKn-cv Fo aljn-am-cm Zin--s AY-
th-Z-a-{w-Xs hmepw B[m-chpw BIp-p.
bm-Zn-I--fn bPpth-Z-nse a{-p
{]m[m- \y-ap-v. CXp IqSmsX bmsXm- nse A- c-v
bmsXmcp n]vX-kw-Jybpw Cm-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-
ns ]mZ-]qnp bmsXmcp \nn-X-\n-ba - --fp-an-m-
Xn-cn- p-pthm A-s\- bp a{- sf "bPpthZ' O-
n AK-X-am-bn--cp-Xp-p. Cu \nbaw A\p-k-cnv
GsX- n-e p-samcp sshZn-I -h m-Iytam AYhm a{tam
""kzmlm'' ]Zw Ay-n tNv An-bn BlpXn
kan-m B hmIy-ttbm a{-ttbm bPpv
Fp ]d-bpw. C{]-Imcw bPpa-{-Zzm-cm-Xs Anv
lhnv An--s-Sp--Xn-\m AhnsS bPpv {][m-\-
am-Ip-p. AwK--fn incpw {]m[m-\y-aln-p--Xp-
t]mse bPpth-Zs incpw Fp ]d-bp-XpNnX- am-
bn-cn-p-p. thZ-a-{--fpsS hw, ]Zw, hmIyw apX-
em-bh - b
- psS Dm-c-W-n\v BZyw a\-ns k-
ev]-ap-W-cp-p. AXn-\m k-ev]m--I-hr-n-Zzmcm at\m-
ab ]pcp-j-t\m-Sp-Iq-Snb thZ-a-{-p L\n-jvT-amb
kw_- - ap-v. Chbvv at\m-ab ]pcp-js Ah-b-h - -
fnXs m\w \I-s -n-cn- p- p. ico-c- n
bmsXmcp m\w \I-s -n-c n-p- p. ico-c - n
bmsXmcp m\w cp `pPp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm
B kvYm\w Xs-bmWp at\m- ab ]pcp-js AwK--fn
EtKz-Z-n\pw kma-th- Z-n-\p-ap--Xv. b-bm-Km-Zn-I-fn
Ch-bpsS a{- Zzmcm kvXh-\hpw Io-\hpw \S-p-p.
AXn-\m bPpth-Z-a-{-sf At]-nv Ch A{]-[m-
\--fm-Ip-p. Fn-cp-mepw `pP--sf-tmse b--
fn {][m\ klm-b-I-fpw BIp-p. AXn-\m Chbvv
`pP--fpsS cq]w \I-s-n-cn-p-p. BtZi (hn-[n)
hmIyw thZ--fpsS Dn-em-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ah-Xp-Xs
at\m-ab ]pcp-js AwK--fpsS a[y-`m-K-ambn ]d-bs - -
 127

I Sp-p. AYh-th-Z-n imnIw ]ujvSnIw BZn-bmb hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw at\m-abw Xt-m app K

I- -fpsS km[-Ia - -{-am-Ipp {]Xn-jvT-bpsS Imc-W- {]mW-a-bhpw A- a-b-hp-amb ico-c--fn hym]-I-am-bn-
am-bn-cn-p--Xv. AXn-\m AXns\ ]p-sapw {]Xn-jT v - cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn- \m Cu hnPvRm\-amb Pohm-
sbpw ]d-bp-Xv kYm bpn-kw-K-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. mhv icocw apgp-h hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Pohm--kz-cq-]-
k-ev]m-I hrn-Zzmcm at\m-ab ]pcp-js \nXy-kw- \mb t{X- ico- c-cq-]-am-Ip t{X- n k{X
_w Ch-sb-m-n-t\m-Spw-Iq-Sn-bp-v. AXn-\m thZ-a- nXn-sN-p-p. Cu hn-\-am-b-amb Bmhpw \n-
{- AXns AwK-ambn ]d-bs - -Sp-p. Cu Imcyw b-am-bn-s ]pcp-jm-Im-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX - m-Ip-p. B
Ftmgpw kvac-W- bn-ep-m-bn- cn--Ww. at\m-ab ]pcp-j-\n hym]n-n- cn-p-- Xn-\ms AXv
]pcp-jm-Im-c-ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-p. B hnm-\-a-b-s
]n-bpsS cq]-n C{]-Imcw hn`m-h\w sNp-p.
NXpYm-\ p-h mIw
_pn-b psS \nn-X -h n-izm-k -c q-]-a mb hrnsb B
btXm hmtNm \nh-t. A{]m]y a\km hnm-\m-m-hns ico-c - ns {][m\ AwK-cq-]-amb
kl. B\w {_tWm hnZzm. \ _nt`Xn IZm- inc-mbn Iev]n-pp. Fp-sIm-s-m Cu ZrV-hn-
N-t\-Xn. Xsskyj Gh imcoc Bm bx ]q- izm-kw-Xs Hmtcm hnj-b-nepw D-Xn-bpsS Imc-W-am-
ky. Ip-p. ]c-am--{]m-]vXn-bn-em-Is G-hp-amZyw CXns
Cu a{- n {_m-\-s {Kln-n-p hnZzmam- Bhiyap- m-Ip-p. kZm-Nm-c-\n-bw CXns heXp
cpsS aln-a-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ah-cpsS at\m-a-b-i-co-c-ns NndIpw kXy-`m- j-W- \n-bw CXns CS- Xp-]-hpw BIp-
amlm-y-tbpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p. ]c-{_ ]c-am-m- p. kXy`mj-W-\n-bw CXns CS-Xp-]-hpw BIp-
hns bmsXmv kzcq-]-`q-X-am-bn-cn-p ]c-am-\--am-bn-cn- p. [ym\-Zzmcm ]c-am-m-hp-ambn kwbp--am-IpI Xs
p-pthm Ahn-Sw-hsc a\- pw, hmWn BZn-bm-bp C{n- hnm-\-ab ico- c- ns a[y- `m- K- hpw. ""alv'' F \ma-
b--fpsS kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip at\m-ab ico-c - n\v n {]kn--amb ]c-am-mhv hmepw B[m-chpw BIp-
Fn-t-cp-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fm {_s {]m]n- p. Fp-sIm- s-m ]c- am- m-hp- Xs Pohm- m-hns
p-- Xn\v km[-\-b-\p-jvTn-p a\p-jy\v CXv {_-tm- ]c-a-amb B{i-b-am-Ip-p.
S-Sp-p--Xn\p {]tXyIw klm-bI - a
- m-Ip-p. Cu a\-pw, C\n-bp a{--fn Cu hnm-\m-m-hns aln-
hmWn apX-em-bh km[-\m-]c - m-b-W-]p-cp-js\ B ]c-{_- asb hn-n-cn-p-p.
-ns hmXnhsc Fn-p-Ibpw AXn-s\-A-hnsS
hnnv kzbw aS-n-hc - n-Ibpw B km[-I At-ls
{]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. {_-ns B\-a - -b-kz-cq-
]-am- \ p- h mIw
]s Adn-n-p m\nI Hcn-epw `b-`o-X-cm-Ip- hn m\ w b w X \ p- t X . I mW n
n-. X\ptX]nN. hnm\w tZhmx kth. {_
tPyjv T - a p- ] m- k - t X. hnm\w {_ tNtZz- Z .
at\m-ab ico-c - nse A-cym-an-bmb Bmhpw
Xkvam-t {]am-Zy-Xn. icotc ]m]vat\m lnXzm.
]qtm--amb A- c-k-a-b-i-co-c-n-tebpw {]mW-a-b-i-
km Imam ka-iv\pX CXn. Xsskyj Gh
co-c-n-sebpw A-cym-an-bmb Bmhpw B ]c-am-m-
icoc Bm bx ]q-ky.
hp- X-s-bm- Ip- p.
Cu a{- n hnm-\-m-hns aln-am-h-\hpw
Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- - t \m- a - b m- Z t\ymc
{_-cq-]t- m-Sp-Iq-Snb AXns D]m-k-\-bpsS ^ehpw
Bm-h n- m-\ -a-b-k vtX-ss\j ]qx k hm
]d-bp-p. hnm-\-cq-]a - mb AXm-bXv _pn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Gj ]pcpj hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-b-Xm-a-
X{Zp-]-amb Pohm-m-hp-Xs b-ns ip`-I-cq-]-
\zbw ]pcp-j -hn-[ x. Xky {issh incx. EXw
amb ]pWy-sf hnkvXr-X-am-p-Xpw At\ym-\y-eu-InI
ZnWx ]x. kXy-ap-cx ]x. tbmK Bm.
I-sf A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-p-Xpw BIp-p. AXm-bXv
alx ]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
Pohm-m-hn \np-Xs Fm I-pw t{]c-W-
ChnsS hnm-\-a-b] - p-cp-js AXm-bXv hnm-\- e- `n-p-p. Fm C{n- b-fpw at\m-cq- ]-am-Ip tZh-Xbpw
amb ico-c- ns A[n-jvTm- Xm- hmb Pohm-m-hns h- k- t{i- jT v -amb {_- cq-]-n Cu hnm\ ab Pohm-
\m-Ip-p. BZyw ]d-n-p at\m-ab ico-c-s- mfpw m-hn-s\-s tkh sNp-Ibpw AXm-Xp-I-fpsS {]hr-
CXp kqva-am-bn-cn-p-Xp ImcWw CXns Dn n-I hgn-bmbn CXn\p kpJw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
hkn-p Bmhv A\y-am-Ip-p. hnm-\-amb ]pcp- sNp-p. GsX-nepw km[-I Cu hnm-\c - q-]-amb
j AXm-Ip-p. Cu at\m-ab icocw ]q-am-bn-cn-p- Bm-hn-s\-s {_-sap [cn-p-Ibpw Cu [mc-W-
p. AXm-bXv Cu at\m-ab ico-c - n AXp hym]vX- am- bn \npw sXn amdm-XncnpIbpw AXm-bXv B [mc-
bn-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv Cu at\m-ab ico-c - n AXp W-bn sXp-m-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw AYhm ico-cm-Zn-If - n

N P

I nX-am-bn-cn-p GI-tZ-io-bhpw AXp-t]mse _-kz-
cq-] -hp-amb {_s sXn- -c n-m-sX-bn-c n-p-Ibpw
sNpp Fn Ah\v At\-I-P---fn-embn km-Zn-
n-cn-p ]m]-k--bc - q-]-amb ico-cs Dt]-n-nv
Fm Znhy-t`m- K--tfbpw A\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. B
hnm-\ - a - b -c q-] - n A- c ym-a n-b - b m- b n- c n- p
Bmhv BZyw ]d-n-p A-c-k-a-b-q-e-i-co-c-
nepw {]mW-a-bc - q-]-i-co-c-nepw at\m-ab cq] ico-c-
nepw nXn-sN-p B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Xs-
bm-Ip-p.
XkvamZzm GX-k va m-Zzn- m-\ -a-b m-Zt\ymc
Bm\-a-bx. tXss\j ]qx. khm Gj
]pcp-j-hn[ Gh. Xky ]pcp-j-hn-[-Xm-a-\zbw ]pcp-
j-hn-[x. Xky {]nb-t ah incx. tamtZm ZnWx
]x. {]tamZ D-cx-]-x. B\ Bm. {_
]pw {]Xn-jvTm. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
ChnsS B\--a-b\ - mb ]c-a-]p-cp-js\ hn-n-cn-p-
p. BZymw-i-n ]d-n- cn- p hnm-\-a- b- Po-hm- m-
hn \npw `n- ambn AXns Dn hkn- p
thsdmcp Bm-hpv; B\--a-b] - -c-am-mhv AXm-Ip-p.
AXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Cu hnm\ ab-]p-cp-j hym]n-n-cn-p-
p. AXm-bXv AXv CXns ]cn-]q-am- bn- cn- p-p.
hmkvX-h-n At-lw-Xs kakvX ]pcp-j-m-cnepw
D-a- \m-b- Xp- Im- cWw "]pcpj' F hmns\ A\z-
am- n-bn- cn-p-p. Atlw hnm-\-]p- cp-j-\p-Xpeyw BIm-
c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw BIp-p. B hnm\ ab ]pcp-j-
\n hym]vX- am-bXp ImcWw Atlw ]pcp-jm-Im-c\ - mbn
]d-b-s-Sp-p. ]n-bpsS cq]-I-n B B\--ab ]c-
ta-iz-cs AwK--sf C{]-Imcw hn-n-cn-p-p. {]nb-
`mhw At-l-ns inc-m-Ip-p. B\--a-b-\mb ]c-am-
mhv Fm-hpw {]nb-\m-Ip-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw B\-
s t{]an-pp; Fm-hcpw B\w B{K-ln-p-p.
Fm Adn-p-Iq-Sm-Xp ImcWw {]m]n-p-hm Ign-
bp-n-. Cu "{]nb-`mhw' B\--a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hns
Hcp {][m-\mw-i-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXp-Xs At-l-
ns {][m-\mw-K-amb inc-m-Ip-p. tamZw he-tXpw
{]tamZw CS-tXpw Nnd-Ip-If - m-Ip-p. B\-w-Xs ]c-
ammhns a[ymw- Khpw AXp-t]mse {_w- Xs CXns
hmepw B[m-chpw BIp-p. ]c-am-mhp Ah-bh - c
- -ln-X-
\m-bXp ImcWw At-l-ns cq]-tbpw AwK--
tfbpw bYm-cq-]-n hnh-cn-p-hm km[n-p--X-
. Cu {]I-c-W-n hnm-\-a-b-n-\w Pohm-m-
shpw B\--a-b-n-\w ]c-am-mshpw AwKo-I-
cn--Ww.
ASp A\p-hm-I - nse a{- Cu B\--a-b-]-
c-am-m-hns hnj-bs hn-p--hb
- m-Ip-p.
N P
128
jjvTm-\ p- h mIw K
Akth k `h-X n. AkZv {_tXn thZ
tNXv. AkvXn {_tXn tNtZz-Z. k-ta\w XtXm
hnZp-cn-X n.
Cu a{ - n {_- ns k sb am\n-
pXpsImpw am\n- m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-sImpw Df- hm-
Ip ^ew hnh-cn-p-p. GsX-nepw a\p-jy {_w
Ak-m-Ip-p, AXm-bXv {_lvatam Cuiz-ct\m C
Fp \n-bn-p-I-bm-sW- n Ah km-c-ln-X-\mbn
`hn-pp; AXm-bXv tkzm-Nm-cn-bmbn kZm-Nm-c-n
\np {`jvS\pw \oN-{]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-am-bn-o-cp-
p. GsX- nepw a\p- j y {_- ns bYm
XXzs {Kln-msX {_-ap-sp kwi-b-c-ln-X-ambn
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw AXm-bXv imkv{X--fnepw alm-m-\n-
I-fnepw ZrV-hn-izm-ka - p-Xp ImcWw Ahs lrZ-b-
n Cuiz-cs k-bn-t ]q-hn-izmkw Dm-
Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Fn A-s\-bp a\p-jys\
m\n-bmbpw kXv]p-cp-j-\mbpw AwKo-I-cn- p-p. Fp-
sIm-s-m ]c-a m-m- hn-s\-p-dn-p XXz-m-\-
ns BZy-]Sn At-l-ns k-bn-ep hnizm-kw-
X-s- bm-Ip-p. ]c-am-m-hns k-bn hniz-kn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-sa-n GsX-nepw Hcp kabw GsX-nepw alm-
]p-cp-js Ir]-bm km[-\-bn apgpIn a\p-jy\v At-
ls {]m]n-p-hm Ignbp-p.
Xsskyj Gh imcoc Bmx b ]qh-ky.
ChnsS aph-a-\p-k-cnv B\-a - -bs A-cm-
mhv kzbw B\--a-b-s\p ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Atlw B
B\--ab {_-ns kzbw-i-co-c-hn- bmb A- cm-
m-hm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m At-l-n ico-c-
n\pw ssNX-\ y- n\pw bmsXmcp hyXym-k -h p-an
bmsXmv t\ct ]d-n- cp A-c- k-a- bmZn Fm- n-
tbpw A-c ym-a n-b mb ]c- a m- m-h m-b n-c n- p- pth
Atlw kzbw Xt-Xs A-cym-an-bm-Ipp; At-l-
ns A-c yman am-c p-a m-I p- n- . CXn-\ m ap
bmsXmpw ]d- bmsX B h-\m- ]-c--csb Chn- sS- s
Ah- km-\n-n- p- p.
kw_w apI-fn ]d- n-c n- p Awi- n
{_s "AkXv' Fpw "kXv' Fpw am\n- p- - Xp- sIm-
p ^ew ]d-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p, AXns\ {ihn
Hmtcm a\p-jytbpw a\-n bmsXmcp {]iv\w DZn-
ppthm B {]iv\s \n-bn-nv B {_-ns
k-bpsS {]Xn-]m-Z\w \S-p--Xn-\p-thn {ipXn kzb-
am-bn-s {]iv\w Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.
AYmtXm\p {]iv\mx. DXm-hn-Zzm-\apw temIw
t{]Xy-I- \ K-Xo. Btlm hnZzm-\ apw temIw
t{]Xy-I - n--a-i v\p-X m-D .

I C\n ChnsS \npw D]-tNm-Zy- Bcw-`n-p-p.
AXn BZy {]iv\w Fs-m {_w Dsn
AXns\ Adn-bm Bsc-nepw acnp ]c-tem-I-n
t]mIp-ptm Ctbm? cm-as {]iv\w {_s
Adn-bp GsX-nepw m\n ac-Wm-\ - cw ]c-temIw
{]m]n-p-ptm Ctbm? B hnZzm-mcpw {]m]n-p-n-
. AXn-\m Cu aqm-as {]iv\w hnZzm-m (m-\n-
I) {_s A\p-`h - n-p-ptm Ctbm? Ch-bpsS
adp- ]-Sn-bmbn {_s krjvSn-bpsS Imc- W-ambn ]d-p-
sImv AXns k-sb, BkvXn-Iy-s, hy-am-p-
p. ]ns "XXvkXyw CXym-N - -tX...' Cu hmIy-Zmcm
{ipXn kv]jvS-kz-cq-]-n At- l-ns ksb {]Xn-
]m-Zn-p-p. Ggmw A\p-hm-Iy-n Hp-IqSn kv]jvS-
amb hN-\ - e`n-pp "tIm tlyhm-\yX? Ix
{]mWymXv? btZj BImi B\t\m \ kymXv.' AXm-bXv
CXv BIm-i-a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hm- bn-cn-p- n-s-n Bcp
Pohn- pp? Bp {]hn-p-hm Ignbpp? AXm-
bXv Pohn-I-fpsS {]mW\pw Ne-\hpw ]c-am-m-hns\ B{i-
bn-n-cn-p-p. cm-as {]iv\-n-\p--c-ambn Ggmw
A\p-hm-Iy-n Cmcyw hym-n-bn-cn-p-p, a\p-
jy ]c-am-m-hns\ ]q-ambn Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm
At-ls Aev]-X-am-{X-am- bn-tmepw kwi-bn-p-pthm
AXp-hsc Ah P\-\-a-c-W--fn\npw tamNn--s-Sp-
n-. aqm-as {]iv\-n- \p--c-ambn Fmw A\p-hm-
I-ns D]-kw-lm-c-n {ipXn kzbw ]d-bpp: "k
b Ghw hnXv... B\--a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-aXn' AXm-bXv
"bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-p-thm
Ah {Ia-ambn A-a-bw, {]mW-abw BZn-bm-b-hsb
{]m]n-p-sImv Ah-km\w B\--a-b-\mb ]ctaizcs\
{]m]n-p-p.'
kw_- w Cu {]iv\--fpsS D-c-ambn {ipXn {_-
ns kzcq-]hpw inbpw hn-nv BZys A\p-
hm-I-n bmsXmv kwt-]a - mbn krjvSn-bpsS D-
{I-as hnh-cn-pthm AXn-t\bpw hni-Z-ambn {Kln-n-p-
p.
tkmIma-b-X. _lp kymw {]Pm-tb-tb-Xn. k
X t]mX]y-X. k X]-kvXz]vXm CZw kh-a-kr-
PX bZnZw InwN. XXvkrjvSzm XtZ-hm-\p-{]m-hn-i-
Xv. XZ-\p-{]-hniy k Xym-`h
- Xv. \ncpw Nm\n-
cp- w. N. \ne-b\w Nm\n-e-b-\w N. hnm\w
Nmhn-m\w N. kXyw Nm\rXw N kXy-a-`h - -Xv.
bZnZw Iow N. X-Xy-anXym N-tX. XZ-t]yj
tmtIm `h-Xn.
Rm \m\m cq]- n P\np hf- s c- b - [ n- I -
ambnocpw Fv Bcw-`-n ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-c hnNm-
cn- n-cp-p. Cu hnNm- c-tm-Sp- IqSn Atlw X]-p-sN-bvXp.
AXm-bXv Pohn-If - psS I-a-\p-k-cnv krjvSn \S--W-
sapw k-ev]n-p. C{]-Imcw k-ev]nv Cm-Wp-Xpw (B-\-a
N P
129
tIp-Xpw Bb Fm PU-tN-X-\m-ab PK-ns\ K
krjvSn-p. AXm-bXv CXns k-e] v -a-b-amb cq]w \nn-
p. AXn\ptijw kzbw AXn {]th-in- p. Xn\npw
D--amb Cu PK-n B ]c-ta-iz-c apt-Xs
{]hn-jSv - \m-bn-cp-p. Cu PKv At-l-n-s- Xs kzcq-
]-am-bn-cp--tm AXn Atlw {]hn-jSv -am-I-W-am-bn-cp-
n-. Fn-cp-mepw PU-tN-X-\m-a-b-amb PK-n B-
kz-cq-]-m ]cn-]q-amb B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs
hnti-j-kz-cq]w At-l-ns A-cym-an-bmb kzcq-]-
ns AS- bmfw kv]jvS-am-p--Xn-\p-thn "Cu PK-
ns\ krjvSn-nv Atlw AXn kzbw IpSn-sIm-
pp' Fp Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p-p. {]hn-jSv -am-b-Xn-
\p-tijw Atlw aqhpw Aaq-hp-amb cq]-n
AXm-bXv ImW-s-Sp ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv Fo `qX-
-fpsS cq]- nepw AXp-t]mse hmbp, BImiw Cs\
ImW-s-Sm `qX--fpsS cq]-nepw {]Xy--s-p.
]noSp hn--s-Sp-hm Ign-bp hn[-nepw hn-
-s- Sp-hm Ign-bm--hn-[-nepw hnhn[ hkvXp--fmbn
cq]m--c-s-p. CXp-t]m-se-Xs B{ibw \evIp-Xpw
\I-s-Sm--Xp-ambn tNX-\bpw PUhpw Cs\
Fm cq]-nepw GI- \mb kXy- kz-cq] ]c- ta- iz-c Xs
]e \ma--tfbpw cq]--tfbpw kzoI-cnp {]Xy--am-bn.
B GI-\mb ]c-am-m-hp-Xs \bpw Xnbpw Bb
Fm cq]-n- ep-am-bn-op. AXp-Im-cWw PvRm\n-I
]d-bpp "Cu ImWp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw
sNp Fm-nepw kXy- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c- am-m-hp-Xs
nXn-sN-pp' Fv.
k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw
AkZzm CZ-a{K Bko-Xv. XtXm ssh kZ-Pm-b-
X. XZm- m\w kzb-a-Ip-c p-X . Xkvam--p-Ir-X -
ap-NyX CXn.
kqva-q-e-cq]fn {]I-S-am-Ip--Xn\p apv Cu
PU-tN-X-\m-a-ba
- mb PKv AkXv AXm-bXv Ahy--cq-
]-n Bbn-cp-p, B Ahy-m-h- -bn \np-Xs
kXv AXm-bXv \ma-cq-]a - -bhpw PU-tN-X-\m--Ih
- p-amb
{]Xy PKv D- hn- p. ]c-am- mhv Xs-s kzbw
Cu PU-tN-X-\m--Ia - mb PK-ns cq]-n Bn-bn-
cn-p-p. AXn-\m At-l - ns \maw "kpIrXw' (X-
-ms\ Dm-b-Xv) Fm-bn-op.
bssZz Xp-IrXw ctkm ssh kx. ckw-tl-
hmbw e_v[zm\o `h-Xn. tIm tlyhm-\ym-Ix
{]mWymZv btZj BImi B\tm \ kymXv. Gj
tly hm\-b- m-Xn.
ap]-d h-\-n "kpIrX' \ma-n ]d-b-
s B ]c- {_ ]c- am-mhv hmkvX- h- n ck-kz- cq]
- -b) BIp-p. Ct-lw-Xs hmkvX-hn-I-amb
 130

I B\w BIp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m A\m-Zn-Imew hn ]q-nXn {]m]n-m kabw hsc, `K-hms\ K

apX P\-\-a-c-W--fm-Ip tLmc-Zpx-J-sf A\p-`-hn-p- \nc-cw kvacn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu ]p\--`bw
h-cp Cu Pohm-mhv Cu ck-ab {_s {]m]n-p- P\-\-a-c-W-`bw Fm-hp-ap-m-Ipw. Hcp-h henb
Xs B\- -bp--am-bn- o-cp-p. Cu ]c-am-\-\-- a-b-\mb hnZzmt\m imkv{X-t\m kzbw henb m\nsbm
]c-ta- iz-c-t\mSv CXns kwtbmKw \S-m-Xn- cn-p- - Xp-hsc ]WvUn-Xt\m BIp-n-. Fp-sIm-s-m B ]c-ta-
CXn\p bmsXmcp hn[-nepw ]qm-\-w, \nXym-\-w, iz-c Fm-h-cpsS taepw `cWw \S-pp; At-l-
AJ-WvUm-\-w, A\-m-\w Ch {]m]n-p-hm km[n- ns `c-W-i-n-sImp temI-nse Fm hyh--
p-n- . CXp-sIm-p-Xs B hmkvX-hnI B\-- kz-cq] Ifpw \nb-an-X-cq-]
- n Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
]c-am-m-hns AkvXn-Xzs kt-lc - -ln-X-ambn {Kln-
p-hm Ign-bpp; Fp-sIm-s- m Ctlw BIm-
AjvT-am-\ p-h mIw
i-t-tmse hym]-I- \mb B\--]-c-a m-m-hm-Ip-n-s-
n Bv Pohn-p-hm Ign-bpp; GXp {]mW\p Nen- kw_w Ign A\p-hm-I-n ]d-n-p a{-
p-hm Ign-bp-p. am{X-a AJn-e-ntbpw PohnXw -fpsS eys Dt- J\w sNp-p.
\n-ln-p--Xn-\p Fm hyh- Ifpw sNbvXn-cn-p- `ojm-k vam-ZzmXx ]h-t X. `otjm-t ZXn kqcyx
Xv Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. IqSm-sX, Cu PK-ns `ojm- k v am-Z - n-t - {- . arXyp[m- h Xn ]a
Fm `uXn-I-{In-b-Ifpw \nb-an-Xhpw hyh-n-X-hp-amb CXn.
coXn- bn \S-p- Xv Fs\ km[n- pp? AXn- \m a\p-
jy CXv ZrV-X- tbm-Sp-IqSn hniz-kn--Ww. Cu PK-n\v Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-t\m-Sp `bw-sImp ]h-\
{kjvSmhpw cn-Xm-hp-ambn ]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-c \nb- \nb-a m-\p-k-cWw Nen-p-p. At-l-tm-Sp `bw-
ambpw thWw. AXp-t]mse kt-i-cl - n-X-ambn Cu ]c- sImp kqcy IrXy-k-a-bp DZn-p-Ibpw IrXy-ka - -
{_ ]c-am-mhv Fm-hpw B\w {]Zm-\w-sN-p-p. bv AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse At-l-
B\- -kz-cq-]\pw GI-a m-{X-\p-amb ]c-am-m-hp--tm tm-Sp `bw-sImv An, C{, Am-as arXyp
amv B\w {]Zm\w sNp-hm Ignbpw? Ch-sbmw Ah-c-hc - psS Imcy- \nb-a-]qw kphy-
h-n-Xa - mbn sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ch-bp-sS-sbmw
bZm-tly-s shj GX- k va n- Zrtiy\mty hyh--I sNp--Xmbn Ch-bvsmw t{]c-I-ambn
\ncpt\ne-bt\`bw {]XnjvTmw hn-tX. AY Bscnep-an-s-n Cu PK-ns Imcy- Fs\
tkm`bw KtXm-`h - -Xn. \S-pw. Ch-sbmw krjvSn--h\pw Fm-tbpw bYm-
B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\-`n-e-jn-p-- tbmKyw \nb-aa\pk-cnv shp-sIm-n-cn- p--h-\p-amb
h Hcn-epw ImW-s-Sm-, hnh-cn-p-hm kmyam- GtXm Hcp kXy-m-\m-\--kz-cq-]-]-c-{_-, ]c-am-mhv
, Bscbpw B{ibn-m-, ico-c-c-ln-X-\mb ]c-{_ \n-b-ambpw Dspw At-ls a\p-jy\p \n-b-
]c-am-m-hn \n`b (A-hn-N-e) nXn-{]m-]n-p-p. B ambpw {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-sapw CXn\npw kv]jvS-
kabw Ah \n`-b-]-Zs {]m]n-p-p. Fs-t-p- am-Ip-p.
ambn `b-n\npw timI-n \npw ap-cm-bn-o- kw_w B\--kz-cq-]-\mb B ]c-{_-] - -c-am-m-
cp-p. hns Cu B\w F{X-bp-v, F-s\-bpv? Cu B{K-
bZm tlysshj GX-kvan-p-Z-c-a-cw Ipcp-tX. l-\n-hr-nv B\-h
- n-j-b-Ia
- mb Nn Bcw-`n-pp
AY Xky `bw `h-Xn. Xtzh `bw hnZptjm sskjm\ky aoamwkm `hXn. bphm
a\zm-\-ky. XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn. kymm-[ p-bp-hm-[ ym-b I BinjvtTm {ZVnjv tTm
Cu Pohm-mhv B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn \npw _en-j v T-k vX -tkybw ]rYnho khm hnky
Aev]-amb A-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Ftm apX hkn-p- ]qm kymXv. k GtIm-am-\pj B\-x.
pthm AXm-bXv At-l-n ]q-nXn {]m]n-m- Cu h-\-bn B B\- - ns N-bm-cw-`n-p-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw At-ls \nc-cw kvacn-m-Xn-cn-p- -Xn-\p kqN\ \In-bnv k-{]-Y-a-ambn a\p-jy-tem-
Ibpw At-ls Aev]-t\-c-t-bvp-am-{X-sa-nepw ad- I-ns t`mK--fn\npw e`n-p-hm kmy-X-bp
p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXp-hsc Ahs\ kw_- Ghpw D-X-amb B\-s hn`mh\w sNp-p. Hcp
n-n-S-tmfw `bw AXm-bXv Ahs ]p\Pw Xo- bphm-h mb a\p-jy, AXpw A--s \-bn--s\-b p
bmbpw Dm-Ipw. Fp-sIm-s-m Ah ]c-am-m- km[m-cW bphm-hm-cn-p-n-. kZm-Nm-cnbpw kkz-`m-
hn nX-\m-Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Ah `K-hms\ adp hnbpw D-X-Ip-e
- ne P\n-h - \- p-am-bn-cn--s, Ah
Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Ahs acWw kw`-hn-p-I- Fm thZ--fp-tSbpw hnZy e`n-n-p--h\pw AXp-t]mse
bm-sW-n ]ns Ahs An-a-kw-kvIm-ca - -\p-k-cn- in-W-n {_-Nm-cn- Iv D]-tZiw \Ip-- Xn
p P\\w Dm-Ip-sa-p-Xp \n-b-am-W.v ]c-am-m- Ipi-e\pw Bbn-cn--s, Ah-s Fm AwK-fpw
N P
 131

I C\v{Zn-b-fpw tcmK-c-ln-X-fpw Ign-hp-Xpw kpZr-Vhpw cp-\v AXns Bh-iy-I-X-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm B K

Fm {]Im- nepw in- k---hp-am-bn- cn- - s. ]ns [\- t{im{Xn-b\v thZ-c-lkyw {Kln-n-p hnc-\v B
k--m \nd-bs - Cu ]q-amb PKv Ahs B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw e`n-p-p.
A[o-\-n- em-hp-Ibpw BsW-n B a\p-jys kpJw
tX tb iXw ]nXrWmw Nnc-tem-I-tem-I m\m
Ghpw hep-Xm-Ip-p. CXp am\-h-tem-I-ns Ghpw
am\-mx. k GI B Pm\-Pm\mw tZhm-\m-am-\-x.
henb B\-a - m-Ip-p.
t{im{Xnb ky NmIm-a-l-X-ky.
tX tb iXw am\pjm B\- mx. k GtIm
Cu h-\-bn Nnc-m-bn-bmb temI-n hkn-
a\pjy Km-Wm-am-\- x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-
p Znhy-m-cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\-s At]-nv
a-l -X -k y.
"BPm-\P' F t]cn- e- dn- b-s- Sp tZh- m- cpsS B\- s
a\pjy tbm\n-bn D-a-I- -f-\p-jT v nv K- \qdn-c-n-bmbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p
`m-hs {]m]n--hs\ ""a\p- jy-K-'' Fp ]d- bp-p. Nnc-m-bn-bmb temI-n hkn-p ]nXr--fpsS
ChnsS Chs B\w apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p a\p- B\w \qsdw Hn-p- Iq-Sp A{Xbpw "BPm-\P' F
jys B\-t- - m \qdn-c-n-sbp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. tZh-m-cpsS B\--n\v hnIm-k-ap-m-Ip-p. tZh-tem-I-
bmsXmcp a\p-jy-kw-_- n-bmb B\-s BZyw hn- se Hcp {]tXyI m\-ns \ma-amWv "BPm-\-P.'
pthm As\ Hcp \qsdw Hnp IqSp Iqs Ahn-Sps tZh-I kvarXn-I-fn {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cn-
a\p- jy-K-s B\- - tmSv Xpey-s- Sp-mw. Fm p GtXm ]pWy-I- ImcWw AhnsS krjvSn-
BZyw ]d a\p-jy-tem-I - ns t`mK- apX -s-n-cn-p-p. Ahsc BPm-\-P-m Fp ]d-bp-p.
K-tem-I-ns t`mK- hsc-bp Zpjn B{K- bmsXm-cp- Cu temIw-h-sc- bp t`mKfn Bk-
l--fn\np hnc--amWv t{im{Xn-b AYhm thZ- -\m-Im-sX-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- Cu
. B t{im{Xn-b\v thZ--]p-cp-j-\,v kzm`m-hn-Ia - m- B\-s Xp-am-bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSv hnc--\m-bn-cn-p-
bn-s B\w e`n-p-p. pthm B thZ-m-\n-bmb hnc-s\ kw_-n-n-S-
tmfw B B\w kz`m-h-kn--am-Ip-p.
tX tb iXw a\p-jy-K-hm-Wm-am-\-mx. k
GtIm tZh- K - hm- W m- a m- \ x t{im{Xn- b ky tX tb iX-am-Pm-\-Pm\mw tZhmx \mam-\-mx.
NmIm-a-l -X -ky. k GI I tZhm\mw tZhm- \ m- a m- \ - x. tb
IWm tZhm-\-]n-b-n. t{im-{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-
Cu h- \ - b n BZyw ]d- n- p a\pjy
X-k y.
Ks\ At]-nv tZh-K-s B\-s \qdn-
cn Fp ]d-n-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy-K-s Cu h-\-bn BPm-\-P-tZ-h-m-cpsS B\-t- -
B\-s apI-fn hn- n-c n-p-pthm As\ m I-tZ-h-XIfpsS B\-s \qdn-c- n-bmbn ]d-n-
\qsdw Hn-p-Iq-Sp B\--n\p Xpey-amWv krjvSn- cn- p-p. apIfn hn-n- cn-p BPm-\-P-tZ-h-XIfpsS
bpsS Bcw`w apXep tZh-Pm-Xob K-cq-] - n B\--s-m \qdn-cn aln-at- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv thtZm-
P\n-n-p Hcp Pohn-p--Xv. AXp-t]mse bmsXmcp a\p- --fmb I- hgn a\p-jy-tbm-\n-bn \npw tZh-
jy Cu B\-m- `n- em- j-m tamln- X-\m-bn- cn- p- pthm `mhw {]m]n- n-p B I- tZ-h- XIfpsS B\-w. bmsXm-
AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-\v CXns Bhiyw Cm-Xn-cn-p- cp- B I- tZ-h-X-I- hsc-bp B\-s A`n-e-
pthm bmsXm-cp- thZ-- fnse D]-tZ-i-sf lrZ- bw- jn-m-sX-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-\v tZh-
K- a-ambn kzoI- cn-n-cn-p- pthm A-s\- bp hnZzm\v Cu temIw hsc-bp t`mK- Bhiyan-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm
B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn e`n-p-p. thZ-c-l-kys {Kln-n-p B hnc--]p-cp-js\ kw_-
n-n-S-tmfw B B\w P-kn--am-Ip-p.
tX tb iXw tZh-K-m-Wm-am-\mx k GIx
]nXrWmw Nnc-tem-I-tem-Im-\m-am-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky tX tb iXw I-tZ-h\mw tZhm-\ m-am-\- mx.
NmIm-a-l -X -ky. k GtIm tZh-\m-am-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-
X-k y.
Cu h-\-bn tZh-K--m-cpsS B\-s
At]- np Nnc-m-bn-bmb ]nXr-tem-Is {]m]np Cu h-\-bn I- tZ-hs\ At]-nv krjvSn-Im-
Znhy-m- cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\-s \qdn- c- n-bmbn ]d-n- e- n mbo-`m-ht- m-Sp-IqSn krjvSn--s-n-p--h-
cn-p-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p tZh-K--m-cpsS cpsS, kzm`m-hn-I-amb tZh`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cp-sS, B\-
B\--ns \qdn-c-n-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Nnc-m-bn-bmb s \qdn-c- n-bmbn ]d- bp-p. apIfn hn-- s-np
]nXr-tem-I-se Znhy-m-cmb ]nXr--fpsS B\--ns I-tZ-h-m-cpsS B\--t-m \qdp-aSmWv kz`m-h-
cq]w. AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- B temI-ns A`n- kn--cmb tZh-X-If - psS B\-w. bmsXm-cp- kz`mh
em- j-m tamln-X-\m- Im-Xn-cn-p- pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm- kn-cmb tZh-XIfpsS t`mKm-\-s B{K- ln-m-Xn-cn-p-

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 132

I pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- AXn-s\bpw teiw- K

G-hp-am-Zy-am-bp--hn lnc-Wy-K`-{_-m-hns Hcm-\-w.
t]mepw A`n-e-jn- m- Xn-cn- p-p- thm, thZ- c- l- kys {Kln- AXp-t]mse bmsXmcp a\p-jy B {_m-hns ]Z-
n- p B \njvma hnc-s\ kw_-n- n-S-tmfw B n\npw e`y-am-Im-hp t`mK-kp-J--fpsS B{K-l-an-
B\w P-kn--am-Ipp. m- - h- \m-bn- cn-p- pthm bmsXm- cp- Ah A\n-Xyhpw
Xphpw Fp IcpXn AXn-t\mSp hnc--\m-bn-o-cp-
tX tb iXw tZhm-\ m-am-\-mx. k GI C{-
pthm bmsXm- cp-\v ]c-am- \-- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_- s
kym-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X -ky.
{]m]n-p--Xn\v DXv-S-amb A`nemjw Dm-Ip-pthm
Cu h-\-bn ap]-d kz`mh kn-cmb tZh- thZ-c-l-kys {Kln-n-p B hnc--]p-cp-j\v B
X-I-fpsS B\- - ns \qdn-c- n-bmWv C{s B\w B\w kzXx-kn--am-Wv.
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. apI-fn hnh-cn-n-cn-p tZh-X-I-
C{]-Imcw Hn-\p-ta asm-m-bn-p B\--ns
fpsS B\w As\ \qsdw Hn-p-Iq-Sn-bm Dn-S-
B[n-Iys hnp hnv Ghpw D]-cn-bmb lnc-
tm-f-amWv C{-`m-hs {]m]n-n-p tZh-X-I-fpsS Hcm-
Wy-K`-ns B\-s hnh-cn-p-sImv Cu temI-
\-w. bmsXm-cp- Cu C{-t`m-Km-\-s B{K-ln-m-
n GsXmw B\-- Zin-p--Xn\pw {ihn-p-
Xn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- Cu C{-kp-J-
-Xn\pw Bkz-Zn-p--Xn-\p-am-bn-ptm Ah F{X-am{Xw
t-tmepw Imwn- m-Xn-cn-p-p-thm AXns\ Xp-am-
ta-tb-dn-b-Xm-bn-cn--s, Ah-sb-mw-X-s, B ]qm-\-
bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSv hnc--\m-bn-o-cp-pthm thZ-c-
- kz- cq- ]-\mb ]c-am-m-hns B\- -tmSp Xpe\w sNp-
l-kys {Kln-n-p B \njvIm-a-]p-cp-j\ - m-Is B
tm tIhew Xp-am-sW `mhw kv]jvS-am-Ip-p.
B\w kzXx-kn--am-Wv.
kb- mbw ]pcptj bm- k m- h m- Z ntXy k
tX tb iX-an-{-kym-\ - mx. k GtIm _rl-
GIx. k b Ghw hnZ-kvam-t-mIm-Xvt{]-Xy. GX-a-
kv]-tX-cm-\- x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-Xk
- y.
-a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. GXw {]mW-a-b-amXv
Cu h-\-bn C{s B\-s - -m \qdn-c- n- am\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. GXw at\m-a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-
bmWp _rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS B\w Fp ]d-bp-p. apI- {Im-a-X n. GXw hnm-\ -a-b-am- m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-
fn hn-n-cn-p C{s B\w \qsdw Hnp- Xn. GX-am-\--a-b-am-m-\-ap-]-kw-{Im-a-Xn. XZ-t]yj
Iq-Sp--Xn\p Xpey-amWv _rl-k] v -Xn-bpsS ]Z-hnsb {]m]n- tmtIm `h-Xn.
n-p tZh-X-bpsS B\-w. Fm bmsXmcp a\p-jy
apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p Fm B\---fp-tSbpw GI-
_rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS t`mKm-\ - -tbpw Cn-m-Xn-cn-p-
am{Xm tI{w ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_-] - -c-am-m-hp-
pthm B t`mKm-\- -tbpw A\n-Xy-am- b-Xp-Im-cWw Xp-
X-s. AJn-e-n-sbpw A-cym-an-bm-bn-cn-p a\p-jy-
am-bn--cpXn AXn-t\mSp hnc--\m-bn-o-cp-pthm thZ-c-
cn nXn-sN-p ]c-am-m-hp-Xs kqcy-\nepw nXn-
l-kys {Kln-n-cn-p B \njvm-a-a-\p-jy\v B
sN-p-p. Atlw Fm- n-tbpw A-cym-an-b mb
B\w P- {]m-]vX-am-W.v
GI Xs-bm-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-n-
tX tb iXw _rl-k v]-tX-cm-\- mx. k GIx cn-p-pthm ac-Wm-\-cw Ah Cu a\p-jy-i- cocw Dt]-
{]Pm-]-tX-cm-\-x. t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X-ky. nv aphn-n-p A-a-b, {]mW-a-b, at\m-a-b,
Cu h-\-bn _rl-k] v -Xn-bpsS B\--t-m hnm-\-a-b, B\-a - -ba
- mb Bm-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
\qdn-cn hep-XmWv {]Pm-]- Xn-bpsS B\w Fp ]d- bp-p. AXm-bXv Ch-bpw GXm-mhpw BcpsS kzcq-]-hp-am-
apI-fn hn-n-cn-p _rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS B\--t- Ip- pthm B ]c-{_--]- c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-pp Fp
tmse \qsdw Hnp IqSp--Xn\p Xpey-amWp {]Pm-]- Xmev]-cyw. BZy-ambn Cu An-t\bpw hn kabw
Xn-bpsS m\-s- p tZh-X-bpsS B\-w. Fm AJn-e - n-tbpw ico-cm-hn-bmb Bmhv A-
bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-s B{K- cym-an-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ ]d-n-cp-p. X^-e-ambn At-
ln-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXn\npw hnc--\m-bn--gn-bp- l-ns {]m]vXn-bp-m-Ip-p. Atlw Xs {_-am-
p-thm, thZ-c- l-kys Adn-bp B \njvm-a-a-\p-jy- Ip-p. CXp a\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn ChnsS As--
\m-Is Cu B\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw {]m]vX-am-Ip-p. tbpw {Ia-{]-Imcw {]m]n-t Imcyw ]d-n- cn- p-p.
hmkvX-h- n Cu {Ia-{]-Imcw {]m]n- - W- sap ]d- Xv
tX tb iXw {]Pm-] -tX-c m-\ - mx. k GtIm icn-b-. Fp-sIm-s-m A-a-b-amb ico-c-s-bm-
{_W B\x t{im{Xn-bky NmIm-a-l-X-ky. Is Ah t\c-t-Xs {]m]n-pIgnn-cn-p-p.
Cu h-\-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-s - -mfpw AXns\ Dt]-np t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw {]m]n-p ^ew
lnc-Wy-K`-{_-m-hns B\-s \qdn-c-n-bmbn hn- ]c-am-m-hp-X-s-bm-Ipp; ico-c-am-Ip-n- . ChnsS A-
p-p. apI-fn hn-n-cn-p {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS B\-- a-bm-Zn-I-fpsS A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hns {]m]vXn-sb-
t-m \qdn-cn hep-XmWv krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n -n-s ]d-bp-p. Ah-sb-m-nepw ]cn-]q\pw

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 133

I k-kz-cq-]\pw AJn-e-n-tbpw Bmhpw ]c-am-\-- N. Aw {]mWw Npx t{im{Xw at\m hmN-an- K

kz-cq-]hpw Bb ]c-{_-s {]m]n-pI Fp--XmWv Xn. Xw tlmhm- N . btXm hm Cam\n `qXm\n
Cu ^e-{ip-Xn-bpsS Xmev]-cyw. ASp A\p-hm-Z-I-n Pmbt tb\ PmXm\n Poh-n. bXv {]b-y-`n-
Cu hnjbw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p. kw-hn-i-n. XZznPn mk-kz. XZv {_t-Xn. k
Xt]mX]y-X. k X]-kvX-]vXzm.
\h-am-\ p-hmIw hcp-Ws ]p{X- \mbn `rKp F \ma-tm- Sp-IqSn {]kn-
-\mb Hcp aljn Dm-bn- cp-p. At-l-ns a\-n
btXm hmtNm \nht A{]m]y
]c-am- m-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap
a\km kl.
D- S-amb A`n-emjw Dm-bn. Atm Atlw Xs
B\w {_tWm hnZzm \ ]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- sNp. At-l-ns
_nt`Xn IpXt\-Xn. ]nXm-hmb hcp-W thZ-sf {Kln-n-p-h - \pw {_- -
Cu a{-n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hns ]c-am-\--kz- m- \ nbpamb alm- ]p- c p- j - \ m- b n- cp- p. AXn- \ m `rKp- hn\v
cq-]s Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^f- s- n ]d-bp- asmcp BNm-cys ASp- t]mtI Bh-iy-an-m-bn-
. a\-pssSbp Fm C{n-b-fpw AXns\ {]m]n- cp-p. hcp- Ws kao]w sNv `rKp C{]- Imcw {]mnp
msX Ahn-sS-\npw aS-n-h-cp-p. bmsXmcp {_m-\- "`K- h, Rm {_s Adn- bp-hm- \m-{K- ln-pp; BI-
s Adn-bp--Xn\p in Cu C{n-b - pw a\- bm Zbhpmbn Av {_-XXzw Fs {Kln-n-m-
n\pw Cm-Xn-cn- p-pthm B ]c- {_- - ]- c-am- m- hns B epw. Atm hcp-W `rKp-hn-t\mSp ]dp "{]nbm
B\-s {Kln-n-p m\n-I-fmb alm-]p-cp-j-m Aw, {]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw, a\-v, hmWn Ch- sbmw
Hcn-epw Btcbpw `b-s-Sp-n-. Ah Ftmgpw \n`- Xs {_-ns D]-e-_v[n-p hmXn-ep-I-fm-Ip-p.
b- cm-bn- cn-p-p. Ch-sb-m-nepw {_-ns k kv^pcn-p-sIm-n-
cn-p-p. ""{]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp Fm Pohn-Ifpw
GXw l hmh \ X]-Xn. Inalw km[p \mI-c- bmsXm-cp--\n\npw D-hn-pthm D-hn-nv bmsXm-
hw. Inalw ]m]-a-I-c-h-a n-Xn. k b Ghw hnZzm- cp-s kl-tbm-K-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, bmsXm-cp-s _ew
t\tX B m\w kv] rWp-tX. Dt` tlysshj {]m]n-p-sImv Pohn-p-p-hthm Poh-t\m-]-tbmK I-
GtX Bm\w kv]rWp-tX. b Ghw thZ. CXyp- \S-p--Xn ka-cm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw alm-{]-f-b-
]-\n-j -X v. Im- e- n bmsXm- cp--\n hnebw {]m]n-p- Ibpw sNp-
m\nIfmb alm-]p-cp-j-mp bmsXmcp hn[-n- pthm At-ls icnv Adn-bp--Xn\v B{K-ln-q.''
ep-ap timI-fpw Dm-Ip-n-sv Cu h-\-bn C{Xbpw IqSn ]d-p- sIm- Sp-p. ""Atlw Xs- bm-Ipp
hy-am- n-bn-cn-p- p. apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p--X -\p-k- {_w'' C{]-Imcw ]nXm-hns D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-p-sImv
cnv ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-n-cn-p hnZzm-m m\n- `rKp-ap\n {_- N-cy- tbpw ia-Z- amZn \nb-a--tfbpw ]men-
I Hcn-epw Hcp {]Im-c-nepw ""Fp-sImp Rm p-sImpw AXp-t]mse Fm t`mK-kp-J--fnepw XymK-
t{ijvT I--f-\p-jvTn-n-, As-n Rm ]m]- Iw ]q-I-amb kwb-a-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p-sImpw ]nXm-
Fn\p sNbvXp?'' Fp Nnnv ZpxJ-a-\p-`h - n-p-n-. hns D]-tZ- i- s-n Nnn- p. CXpXsbm- bn-cp- p At-
Ahs a\-n ]pWy-I--fpsS ^e-kz-cq-]-amb l-ns X]-.v C{]-Imcw X]-a-\p-jT v n-nv At-l-sa-p-
D- a-temI {]m]vXn-p B{K- l-an-. ]m]-P-\n- X-amb \c- sNbv Xp? Cmcyw ASp A\p- h m- I - n hnh-cn-p- p.
I-s--n-bp `bhpw D]-{Z-hn-p-n-. tem`-n
\npw `b-P-\n- X-amb km-]-n\npw Ah Dbp- ZznXo-b m-\ p- h mIw
\np-p. ap]d m\n-I Bk-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn
sNp ]pWyhpw ]m]hpw cp {]Im-c--fn-ep-ap Aw {_tXn hyPm-\m-Xv. Am-tyh Jezn-
I-sf P\-\-a- cW km-]-ns Imc-W- Fp am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. At\ PmXm\n Poh-n.
IcpXn cmK-tZz-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-bn\npw XnIpw hn- Aw {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. XZzn-mb ]p\-
Ip ]c-am-m-hns Nn-bn hym]r-X-cmbn hkn-p- tch hcpWw ]nX-c -ap-] -k -k m-c . A[o-l n-` -Kthm
sImv Bm-hns kwc-Ww \n-ln-p-p. {_t-Xn. Xwtlm-hm-N. X]km {_ hnPn-m-
k-k z. Xt]m-{_-t-X n. k Xt]mX]yX. kX]-
`rKp- h n kv X- ]vXzm.
]nXm-hns D]-tZiw A\p-k-cnv AwXs {_-
{]Y-am-\p-hmIw
sav `rKp \n-bn-p. Fp-s Im-s - m ]nXmhp
`rKpssh hmcp-Wnx, hcpWw ]nX-c-ap-]-kk
- mc ]d {_-ns Fm e-W-fpw A-n
A[nln `Kthm {_t-Xn. Xkvam GXXv t{]mhm- ImW-s-Sp-p. Fm Pohn- Ifpw A-n \npw A-

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 134

I ns ]cn-Wma `qX-amb hocy-n \npw D-hn-p- A-{K-lWw \S--s-Sm-Xn-cp-m, AXp-t]mse A- K

p. Aw-sIm-p-Xs Ah-bpsS PohnXw kpc-n-X- ckw ico-c - ns Fm `mK--fnepw Fn-t-cm-Xn-cp-
ambn \ne-\npp; ac-Wm-\-cw A-kz-cq-]-amb Cu m bmsXmcp Pohnpw Pohn-n-cn-phm km[y-a-.
]rYzn-bnXs {]hn-jvS-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn-nv ac-Wm-\-cw Fmw {]mW-\nXs {]th-in- p-p. arX-
Atlw hopw ]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- hp. i-co-c- {]mW \ne-\np-n-s-p-Xv {]Xy--
hnp Xs \n-b-a-\p-k-cn-p--sXmw Atlw Adn- ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. AXn-\m {]mW Xs {_-sa-
bn- p. p--Xn\v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. C{]-Imcw \nbw
sNbvXp-sImv Atlw hopw ]nXm-hns ASp-
]nXm-hmb hcp-W bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw ]dn-.
sNp. t\c-t-bp-- Xp- t]m-se-Xs Xs A\p- `hsf
Atlw Nnnp ""Ch Ctm {_-ns qe-
Adn-bn-p. ]nXmhv B ka-bpw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw
cq-]s am{Xw a\-n-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. hmkvX-hnI cq]w
sImSp-n-. Ch ap]n-e-t-m Ipsd-qSn kqva-
hsc Chs _pn-sN-n-n-. AXn-\m Ch\v C\nbpw
X-bn-se-n-bn-cn-pp; Fm C\nbpw hf-sc-b-[nIw
X]-p-sImv Ipsd-qSn Nnn-t Bhiyw Dv.
{Kln-p-hm InS-p-p. AXn-\m adp-]Sn sImSp-m-Xn-
Fm Ah Aev]sanepw a\-n-em-n-bXp Xp-am-
cp-m Ahs Pnm-kbvv Hp-IqSn _e-ap-m-Ipw.
n-m-Wnv Ahs _pnsb \ncp-m-l-s-Sp-p-Xv
AXp-sImp adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xp icnbm-bn-cn-p-
DNn-X-am-bn-cn--bn-. AXn-\m CXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-
sap Atlw hnNm-cn- p. Xm ]d Imcy-n\p ]nXm-
p--Xm-bn-cnpw D-aw.'' ]nXm-hn-t\mSp Xm ]d
hn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw e`n- m-Xn-cp- -Xp-Im- cWw
Imcyw AwKo- I-cn-p-sIm-p B e`n- m- -Xn-\m
`rKp hopw At-l-tm-S-t]-np "`K-h, Ctmgpw
`rKp hopw A`ynp "`K-h, Rm a\-n-em-n-
icn- b Rm a\- n-em- n-bsXn Av Ir]-tbm-Sp- IqSn
bXp icn-bm-bn-cn-p-n-s-n Av F\nv {_-XXzw
F\nv {_- XXzw D]- tZ- in-p- X- m- epw.' Atm hcp-W
icn-bmbn D]-tZ-in-p-X-cq.'' Atm hcp-W ]dp "\o
hopw ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ]dp ""\o X]-p-hg- n-bmbn
X]-p-h-gn-bmbn {_-X-Xzs {Kln-p-hm- ]cn-{i-an-q.
{_s {Kln-p--Xn\p ]cn-{i-an-q. Cu X]w Xs
Cu X]-p-Xs {_ kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv
{_-am- Ip-p. AXm-bXv {_- X- Xzs {Kln- p--Xn- \p
At-l-ns t_m[w \Ip--Xn kYm Ign-hp--
{][m\ km[- \-b-Ip-p.'' C{]- Imcw ]nXm-hns B e`n-
Xm- bn-cn-p- p.' C{]-Imcw ]nXm- hns B e`n-nv `rKp-
nv `rKp-a-ljn hopw AtX {]Im-c-nXs X]-
a- ljn hopw BZy- t- tmse Xs Xt]m-ab PohnXw
p-jvTn- p- sImv ]nXm-hns D]tZis-n Nnn-p-sIm-
\bn-p-sImv ]nXm-hn\npw BZyw e`y-amb D]-tZiw
n-cp-p. X]--\p-jT v n-n-sImv Atlw Fp-sNbvXp?
A\p-k-cnv {_-kz-cq-]s \n-bn-p--Xn\p Nnn-p-
CXv ASp A\p-hm-I-n ]d-bp-p.
hm XpS-n. C{]-Imcw X]--\p-jvTnv Atlw Fp-
sNbvXp? Cmcyw ASp A\p-hm-I-n ]d-n- cn-p-
p. NXpYm-\ p-h mIw
at\m {_tXn hyPm- \ m-X v. a\tkm tlyh
XrXob A\p-hmIw Jezn am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. a\km PmXm\n Poh-
n. a\x {]b`nkwhnio-Xn. XZzn-mb ]p\-
{]mtWm {_tXn hyPm-\m-X v. {]mtWm-tyh
tch hcpw ]nXc ap]-k -km-c . A[oln `Kthm
Jezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. {]mtW\ PmXm\n Poh-
{_t-Xn. Xw tlmhm-N. X]km {_ hnPn-m-
n. {]mWw {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. XZzn-mb
k-kz. Xt]m {_t-Xn. k Xt]mX]y-X. k X]-
]p\- t ch hcWw ]nX- c - a p- ] - k - k m- c . A[oln
kv X- ]vXzm.
`Kthm {_t-Xn. Xwtlm-hm-N. X]km {_ hnPn-
m-k-kz. Xt]m {_t-Xn. k Xt]mX]y-X. k C-hW ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-i-a-\p-k-cnv a\-p-X-s-
X]-k vX -] vX zm. bmWv {_- sap `rKp \n-bn- p. Atlw Nnn- p, ]nXm-
hn-\m ]d-b-s {_-ns Fm e-W-fpw a\-
]nXm-hns D]-tZ-im-\p-k-cWw `rKp X]-p-h-gn-bmbn
n ImW-s-Sp-p. a\-n\n-p-Xs Fm Pohn-Ifpw
{]mWXs {_w Fp Xocp-am\w sNbvXp. Atlw
D-hn-p-p. kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-sbpw am\-kn-I-
Nnn-p. ]nXm-hn-\m ]d-b-s {_-ns Fm e-
amb t{]a-]q-kw-tbm-K-n \npw Pohn _oP-cq-]-
W-fpw {]mW- \n ]q-ambn ImW- s-Sp- p. Fm Pohn-
tm-Sp-IqSn amXm-hns K`-nhv D-hn-p-Ibpw
Ifpw {]mW-\n \npw D-hn-p-p. AXm-bXv Pohn-
D-hn-nv a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s C{n-b
- hgn Fm
p Hcp {]mWn-bn \npw AXn\p kZr-i-ambn asm-
Pnhn-tXm-]-tbm-Kn-I-fmb hkvXp-sf D]t`mKw sNbvXp
p-- hn-p-Xv {]Xy-- ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp- t]mse
Pohn-p-Ibpw ac-Wm-\-cw a\-n-te-bvp-Xs {]th-in-
Fmw {]mW-\mXs Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. izmk-
p-I bpw sNp-p. ac-W m-\ -cw Cu icoc- n
ns t]mp-h-chp \np-t]m-bm, {]mW aqe-ap

N P
 135

I {]mW\pw C{n-b- fpw \ne-\np-n-. AXn-\m a\- m-hp-Xs {_-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn--X n-\p- K
p-Xs {_-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw \n-bn-p-sImv tijw Atlw BZy-t-Xp-t]m-se-Xs ]nXm-hmb hcp-
Atlw hopw ]g-Xp-t]mse ]nXm-hmb hcp-Ws ASp- Ws ASp- sNp. Atlw Xs Xocp-am\w
sNv Xs A\p-`hsf ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bn-p. ]nXmhns\ Adn-bn-p. C{]m-h-iyhpw hcp-W bmsXmcp
Cu {]mhiyhpw ]nXm-hn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw adp]-Snbpw ]dn-. Atlw Nnn-p. C{]mhiyw Ch
e`n-n-. "Ch apn-e-t-m F{Xtbm Bg-n-te-n- hf- scb[nIw {_- tm-S- Sp-n-cn-- p. Chs Nn-I
d-n-s-n-cn-p-p. Fm C\nbpw Ch Iptd-qSn qehpw kqvahpw Bb cp-X-c-n-ep PU-X-Xz-
X]--\p-jT v n--Ww. AXn-\m adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Xp -fn\npw Dbv tNX-\-Po-hm-mhntemfw Fn-
Xs DNn-X-am-bn-cn-pw.' Fv hcp-W Nnn-p. ]nXm- bn-cn-p-p. Fm {_ kzcq-]-am-Is CXn-s\-m
hn\npw Xs Imcy-n\v bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw e`nm- Hsbpw t{ijvT-am-bn-cn-p-p. At-l-am-Is \nXym-\--
-Xp-I m-cWw `rKp hopw apn-e -t-tm-se-X s kz-cq-]\pw AZzn- Xo-b\ - p-amb ]c-am-m-hm-Ip-p. Ch
A`ynp ""`K-h, Rm {Kln-n-cn-p-Xp icn-bm- C\nbpw Iptd-qSn X]--\p-jvTn-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-
bn-cn-p-n-s-n Av, Ir]-bp-mbn {_-c-lkyw \m adp-]Sn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xmbncnpw icn.'' C{]-Imcw
F\n-p-]-tZ-in-p-X-m-epw.'' Atm hcp-W hopw XpS-b mbn ]nXm-hn\npw bmsXmcp adp-]-Snbpw
AtX adp-]Sn Xs ]dp ""\o X]-p-hg- n-bmbn e`nm-Xn-cp-- Xp- Im- cWw `rKp lXm-it\m \ncm-it\m Bbn-
{_XXzs Adn-bp--Xn-\m-{K-ln-q, AXm-bXv X]-p- . Atlw ap]n-e-t-tmse hopw AtX {]m\
sN-bvXp-sImv Fs D]-tZ-i-s- n hopw Nnn-q. Xs \S-n. ""`K-h, Rm icn-b {Kln-n-cn-p--
Cu Xt]m-c q-]-a m-Ip km[\ Xs {_-am-I p-p. sX-n Av Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn {_-c-lkyw F\n-p-]-
{_s {Kln-p--Xn\v CXn-\p-]-cn-bmbn ap bmsXm-cp- tZ- in-p-X-m-epw. Atm hcp-W hopw AtX Dcw
]m- b- fpw C.'' C{]-Imcw ]nXm-hns B e`np `rKp Xs \In ""\o X]-p-h- gn-bm-bn- -s {_-X-Xzs
hopw apt-tmse kwb-a-\-tm-Sp-IqSn Pohnv ]nXm- {Kln- p-hm-\ m-{K-l n- q. AXm-b Xv X]-kym-] qIw
hns D]-tZ-i-s-n Nnn-p. Nnn-nv Atlw Fp- AXns ]q-amb IY IYm-\p-k-cWw Nnn-q. X]w
sNbvXp F Imcyw ASp A\p-hm-I-n hnh-cn- Xs {_-am-Ip-p.'' C{]-Im-c-ap ]nXm-hns B
p-p. e`n-nv `rKp hopw ap]n-et- -tmse kwb-a-\-tm-
Sp-IqSn Pohn-p-sImv ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw Nnn-
p. Nnn- -Xn-\p-tijw Atlw Fp-sN-bvXp. CXp
]-am- \ p- h mIw
XpSp ]d-bp-p.
hnm\w {_tXn hyPm-\ m-X v. hnm-\ m-
tyh Jezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmb-t. hnm-t\\
PmXm\n Poh-n. hnm\w {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-
jjvTm-\ p- h mIw
Xn. XZzn- mb ]p\-tch hcpWw ]nX-c-ap-] m-k- B\tm {_tXn hyPm-\m-X v. B\-m-ty-h-
km-c. A[o-ln-`-Kthm {_t-Xn. Xw tlm hmN. J-ezn-am\n `qXm\n Pmbm-t. B\-t\ PmXm\
X]km {_ hnPn-m-kk - z. Xt]m-{_-t-Xn. k Poh-n. B\w {]b-y-`n-kw-hn-i-o-Xn. sskjm
Xt]mX]y-X. k X]-kvX-]vXzm. `mho hmcpWo hnZym ]cta thyma {]Xn-jvTn-
Xm. k b Ghw thZ {]Xn-X n-j vT -Xn. A-hm-\ -
C{]m-hiyw `rKp ]nXm-hns D]-tZ- i-a-\p- k-cnv hnm-
mtZm `h-Xn. alm `hXn {]Pbm ]ip-`n{_--
\-kz-cq-]-tN-X- \-bmb Pohm-m-hp-X s {_-a m-sWp
h-tk-\. alm Ioym.
\n-bn-p. Atlw Nnnp {_-ns eW--sf-
n ]nXmhp ]d-n-cn-p--sXmw ]q-ambpw CXn C-hW `rKp ]nXm-hns D]-tZ-is - -n AKm-[-
ImW-s-Sp-p. Cu Fm {]mWn- Ifpw Pohm-m-hn \np- ambn Nnn-nv B\w {_w Xs F Xocp-am-\-n-
Xs D-hn- p- p. kPo-h-tN-X-\- bn \np- Xs {]mWn- se-n. ""Cu B\--a-b-\mb ]c-am-m-hp-X- s- bmWv A-
I-fpsS Dev]n {]Xy-- ambpw ImW-s-Sp-p. D-hn-nv a-bm-Zn-I-fmb Fm-n-sbpw A-cm-m-hm-Ip--Xv. Ah-
Cu hnm-\-kz-cq-]-amb Pohm-m-hn-\ms Pohn- sb-mw-Xs At-l-ns qe-cq-]--fm-Ip-p. Cu
p-p. Pohm-mhp \ne-\n-evp-n-s-n a\-,v C{n- Imc-Ww-sIm-p-X s Ah-bn {_-_p-n-bp- m-Ip-
b- , {]mW apX- emb bmsXm- n\pw Pohn-p- hm Ign- Ibpw {_-ns Bwin-Ie -
- Ww {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw
bp-n- . bmsXm-n\pw AXn-t-Xmb tPmenI \n-ln- sNp-p. Fm kt-iz-cs\ At]-np {_-
p-hm km[n-p-n-. AXp-t]mse ac-Wm-\-cw a\v ns eWw B\--n ImW-s-Sp-p. Fp-sIm-
apX-em-b -h-sbmw Pohm- m-hnXs hne-b n-p-p. s-m, Cu Pohn-I-sfmw B\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_-
Poh t]mb- Xn- \p-ti-jap arX- i-co-c- n Ch- sbmpw -]-c-am-m-hn\n-p-Xs krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n
ImW-s-Sp-n-. AXn-\m hnm\ kzcq-]-amb Pohm- D-hn-n-cn-p-p. Ch-sb-m- n-sbpw BZn-Im-cWw

N P
 136

I t]mepw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Cu B-a- K

]m-b-aptm? CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ch-sbmw {]m]n-p-
bs B\- - ns teiw e`n-n-p-Xs Cu {]mWn- -Xn-\p ap-]m-b- ]d-bpp
Isfmw Pohn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Bcpw ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn
Aw \ \nym- X v . XZv { h- X w, {]mtWm hm
Pohn-p-hm-\n-jSv -s-Sp-n-. am{X-hp-a-, B\--a-b- \mb B
Aw. ico-c-a-m-Zw, {]mtW icocw {]Xn-jvTn-Xw.
km--cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-hns ANn-y-i-n-bpsS
icotc {]mWx {]Xn-jvTn-Xx. XtZ-X-Z--at {]Xn-
t{]c-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s Cu temI-nse Fm Pohn-I-
jvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw thZ {]Xn-
fp-sSbpw Fm {]h-\-fpw \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Xn-jvT-Xn. A-hm-\ -mtZm `h-X n. alm `hXn
At-l-ns `c-W-n Ign-bp kqcym-Zn-I AXm-
{]Pbm ]ip-`n_v-h-tk\ alm Ioym.
Xp-I-fpsS tPmen-I \n-ln-m-Xn- cn- p-I-bm- sW-n Hcp
W-t\cw t]mepw bmsXmcp {]mWnpw Pohn-n-cn-p- ChnsS A-ns al-Xzs hnh-cn-nv AXv Adn-
bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^es Adn-bn-p-p. AXm-
hm km[n- p- - X-. AJn- e-n-tbpw Pohm-[mcw hmkvX-
h-n B\--kz-cq-]-\mb B ]c-am-m-hmIpp. AXp- bXv bmsXmcp a\p-jy Am-Zn-I-fm k--\m-Ip-hm
t]mse Fm Pohn-I-fmepw \nd-bs B{K- ln-p-pthm Ah Ghpw BZy-ambn "Rm Hcn-
- Cu {_mWvUw
{]f-bI - m-e-n At-l - ns eo\-am-Ip-Ibpw epw As \nn-p-I-bn' Fp {hXw AwKo-I-
sNp-p. Atlw Xs Fm {]Im-c-nepw kZm cn--Ww. GsX-nepw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ e`n-p-hm a\p-
AJn-e-n-tbpw B{i-b-am-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap A\p-`- jy-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AXns\ kw_-n Hcp al-Xz-_p-
n-bp-m-bn-cn--W-sa-Xv Hcp km[m-cW \nbaw am{X-am-
h-a p- m-b -t m `rKp-h n\p ]c- {_- -s - - nbp
bYm m\w Dm-bn. ]noSv At-l- n\p bmsXm- Ip-p. Atm AXv Ah-\p-th-nbpw {]b-X\ v n-pw. Hcp-
cp-hn[amb Pnm-kbpw Ahtijn-n-. {ipXn-kz-b-ambn \v GsX-nepw Hn hnc-k-_p-n-bmWv tXmp--sX-
B hnZy-bpsS alna Adn-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn ]d-bpp n Ahs t\sc AXp Ip-Xp-d-p-t\m-p-I-t]mepw
AXp-Xs hcp-W-\m ]d-b-s-Xpw `rKp-hn\p e`y-am-b- sNp-I-bn-. As \nn- p-I-b n-s - p {hXw
Xp-amb {_-hnZy ({_--c-lkyw shfn-s-Sp-p hnZy). kzoI-cn--Ww. Aw Xs {]mW\pw {]mW Xs
Cu hnZy hnip BIm-i-kz-cq-]a Ahpw BIp- p. Fp- sIm-s- m A-n \np-
- m-Ip ]c-{_ ]c-am-
m-hn nXn-sN-p-p. Atlw Xs Cu hnZy-bp- Xs {]mW-_ew Dm-hp-Ibpw {]mW-i-n-bn \np-
tSbpw B[m-cw. bmsXm-cp- `rKp-hn-s\-tmse X]-kym- Xs A-a-b-i -co-c- n Poh-i- n-b p- m-Ip-Ibpw
]qw CXn-s\-n Nnn-nv ]c-am-\-k sNpp Fp A-ns al-Xzs a\-n-em--
- z-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-
m-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-pthm Ah\pw Ahn-ip--]-c-am-\ Ww. ico-c - n A-c-ks k{X hym]n-n-p--
]c-am-m-hn nX- \m-bn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu hnZy- Xp-sImv ChnsS {]mWs\ A-sap ]d-n-cn-p-p.
bpsS hmkvX-hn-I-^ew ]d-nv a\pjysc B km[-\- icocw {]mWs B[m-c-n Dd- p-\n- evp-p. AXn-\m
bpsS t\tc Xncn-p-hn-Sp--Xn\v D]-cyp--amb coXn-bnAXv {]mW-cq-]-amb A- ns t`mm-hm-Ip-p. icocw
A {]mWmZn kakvX XXzfp-tSbpw cl-ky-hn-m\ {]mW-\n nXn-sN-p- p. AXm-bXv ico- c- ns nXn
]q-I-amb {_s Adnbp m\n-I-fpsS ico-c- {]mWm-[o-\m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw {]mW ico-c-n nX-am-
epw Ax-Ic - -W-nepw kzm`m-hn-Ia bn-cn- p- Ibpw sNp-p. {]mWs B[mcw ico-c-am-Ipp.
- m-bp--hn-p
Akm-[m-c-W-amb in- sbn {ipXn ]d-bpp Ah Cmcyw {]Xy- - am- W-sm. C{]-Imcw Cu A- a- b-i-cocw
A-am- Ip-p. {]mW\v Blmcw e`y- am-Im-Xn-cp- m AXp
\m\m {]Im- c - n- e p- a p Poh- \ - b - t {Xm- ] - t bm- K n- I -
t`mKfn k--\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw Ah-sb- m-n- ico-c-nse [mXp--sf-s DW-n--f-bp-sa-p-Xv
t\bpw tkhn-p--Xn-\p kmayw Ah-\n h-tN- A\p-`-h-kn--amb hnj-ba - m-Wv. Atm ico-c-ns
cp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXm-bXv Ahs a\-,v C{n-b-, nXn {]mW[o\- am- b- Xp- Im-cWw {]mW\pw Aw-X-s-
icocw Ch \nhn-Im-chpw \otcm-Khpw Bbn-o-cp-p. bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m ico-c-n\pw {]mW\pw ]c-k] v -cm-{i-
am{X-hp-a-, Ah km-\-, arK-, {_-tX-Pv b-_-- ap--Xn-\m A- ns Aw nXn-sN-
henb Ion Ch-bm kar- -\m-bnv temI-n k- pp Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu clkyw
t{i-jT v -\mbn am\n--s-Sp-p. a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah-\p-Xs ico-chpw {]mW\pw
cn-tbpw D]-tbmKw icn-bmbn \S-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
AXn-\m ico-c-n- sbpw {]mW-sbpw hnm-\-n
k]vX - am-\ p- h mIw ]mc-MvK-X-\m-bp--h Cu hnm-\-ns ^e-kz-cq-]-
kw_w {_lva-m\n Aw, {]P (km\w) apX- ambn Fm {]Im-c - n-e p- a p t`mK-h -k vX p- -f m
em-b-h-bm k--\m-bn-o-cp-sa Imcyw ]d-p-I-gn- bp\pw Ahsb D]-tbm-K- n sImp-h-cp--Xn-\p
p. Atm Hcp kwi- b-ap-m-Ip-Xv Cu Fm knn- in-bn k-- \p-am-bn- o-cp-sap ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.
Ifpw {_-km-m-Xvmcw {]m]n--Xn-\p-ta am{Xta e`y- IqSmsX Ah km-\-, \m\m-hn[ arK, {_-
am-I-bptm AYhm Ch-sbmw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p ap- tX- P-v Ch-bm k--\mbn alm-\m-b n-o-c p-p.
N P

I Ion, biv Ch temI-n hym]n-p-Ibpw XZzmcm
Ah temI-n alm-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.
AjvS-am-\ p- h mIw
Aw \ ]cnNoX. XZv {hXw. Bt]m hm
Aw. tPymXn-c - m-Zw. A]vkp tPymXnx {]Xn-jvTn-
Xw. tPymXn-j ym]x {]Xn-jvTn-Xmx. XtZ-X-Z- -at
{]Xn-jvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw thZ
{]Xn-Xn-j vT -X n. A hm\- mtZm `h-X n. alm
`hXn {]Pbm ]ip-` n{_- -h N-tk- \ . alm
Ioym.
ChnsS Pe-tbpw tPymXn-n-t\bpw A-cq-]a - mbn
]d-p-sImv Ahsb Adn-bp--Xn \np-m-Ip
^ew ]d- bp-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy\v Aw apX-em- b-h-bm
k--\ m-I -W -s av B{K-l -ap- m-I p- pthm Ah
""Rms\m- c n- epw As Ah- t l- f n- p- I - b n- ,
As Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Itbm AXns\ Fn-ens
cq]-n Dt]-np If-bp-I-tbm-bn'' Fp \nbaw
Ahiyw ]men-n-cn--Ww. Hcp- GsX-nepw hkvXp-
hns\ A\m-Z-cn--bm-sW-n AXn-t\mSv Dt]-m-_pn
kzoI-cn-p-p-sh-n B hkvXp Ahs\ Hcn-epw hcn-
p-I-bn Fp-Xv km[m-cW \nbaw am{X-ta-bm-Ip-p-
q. GsX-nepw hkvXp-hns\ {]m]n--Ws - a-n AXn-
t\mSv BZ-c-_pn {]I-Sn-n-t-Xv ]c-a-amb I-hy-am-
Ip-p. Hcp-\v Hcp hkvXp-hn BZ-c-hn-t-Xmb at\m-
`mhw Dm-Ip-n- s-n Ah AXns\ {]m]n--W-sav
Fn-\m- {K- ln- pp? Pew Xs A- am-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-
s-m Fm-bn-\-n-ep-ap Aw, `y-]Z- m-
, Pe-n\n-p-Xs D-hn-p-Ibpw tPymXn-v,
tXP-v, Xs Cu Pe-cq-]a - m-Ip As `n-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw As Ah-tl-fn--bn-s-
p {hXw kzoI-cn-p-sImv apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p
A-ns Cu XXzs \mbn a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
thWw. Anbpw kqcy-c-ivan-Ifpw F{]-Imcw Pe-I-W-
sf timjn-np If-bp-pthm AtX {]Imcw ico-c-n-
ep PT-cmn ico-c - nse Pemw-i-X-Xz-sf timjn-n-
p- p. Pe-n tPymXnv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn- cn-p-p. CXp-
t]mse tXP-nepw Pew nXn-sN-pp Fp-Xp
\app {]Xy--ambn ImWp-hm Ign-bp-p. Fp-sIm-
s- m kqcys {]Jc Inc-W--fn nXn-sN-p
Pew Xs \psS apn hrjvSn-bmbn hjn--s-Sp-
p. C{]-Imcw Pehpw tXPpw At\ym-\ym-{i-b--fm-bn-
cn-p-Xp ImcWw A- cq-]-amb Fm `y-]-Zm--
fp-tSbpw Imc-W-am- Ip- p; Bb- Xn-\m Ch- Xs Ah- bpsS
cq]-n ]cn-W-an-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m cpw Aw
Xs-bm-Ip-p. Cs\ Aw Xs A-n {]Xn-
jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu XXzw a\-n-
em-p-pthm Ah Cu cn-sbpw hnm-\ - n
N P
137
\n]p-W-\mbn `hn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Ah\v Cu K
cn-sbpw icn-bmb D]-tbmKw \S-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
CXns ^e-ambn Ah Fm-hn[ t`mK-km-a-{Kn- If - m
k-\pw Ah-sbmw bYm-tbmKyw D]-t`mKw \S-p-
-Xn Ign-hp-h - \pw Bbn-o-cp-p. AXp-Im-cWw
Ah km-\fmepw \m\m-hn[ arK--fmepw {_-tX-
P-n-\mepw k--\mbn alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah bi-
kznbpw Xm-c-W-m alm-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p.
\h- am-\ p- h mIw
Aw _lp Iho-X. XZv {hXw. ]rYnho hm
Aw. BImtimmZx. ]rYn-hym-am-I mix {]Xn-
jvTn-Xx. BImti ]rYnho {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. XtZ-X-Z--
at {]Xn-jvTn-Xw. k b GX-Z--at {]Xn-jvTnXw
thZ {]Xn-Xn-jvT-Xn. A-hm-\-mtZm `h-Xn. alm
`hXn {]Pbm ]ip-` n{_- -h -tk- \ . alm
Ioym.
ChnsS BIm-i-tbpw `qan-tbbpw A-cq-]a - mbn
]dv Ah-b psS XXzs Adn-b p--X p-s Im- p
^es hnh-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy\p `y-[m-\y-
kar-n-bm-bp-m-Ip--Xn-\p A`n-emjw Dm-Ip-
p-thm, Ah BZy-ambn Cu {hX-n An ZrV-
amb Hcp k-e v]-n Fn-b n-c n-Ww "Rm
As hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn hn-npw' Fv. GsX-
nepw hkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp Aan-X-amb A`yp-Zbw Xs
AXns\ hf-W-sa-p A`n-emjw Xs, AXns\
BIjn-p--Xn-\p Ghpw t{ijvT-amb D]m-b-am-Ip-
p. bmsXm-cp- GsX-n-ep-samcp hkvXp-hns\ Ae-y-
ambn ssIImcyw sNp-Ib - m-sW-n B hkvXp-hns\
Ah\v Hcn-epw {]m]n-p-hm km[n-p-n AYhm e`y-
am-Ip-Ib- m-sW-n Xs AXp \ne-\np-p-an-.
CXn\ptijw ]rYzn Xs A-am-sW- p A- ns
XXzw icn-bmbn a\-n-em- -Ww. F{X- sbmw A- aptm
Ah-sbmw ]rYzn-bn\n-p-Xs Dm-Ip-Ibpw Cu
]rYznsb Xn-tev BIjn- p-sIm-n- cn-p--Xns B
[mc-`q-X-amb BImiw Cu A- ns t`mhpw BIp-
p. `qan-bn BImiw nXn-sN-p-p, Fp-sIm-s-
m AXv k-hym-]n-bm-Ipp; BIm-i-n ]rYzn
nXn-sN-pp Fp Imcyhpw {]Xy--am-Ip-p. Ch
cpw Hp asm-n-m-[m-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw A-
kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. ]-a-lm-`q-X--fn BImiw BZy-
tXpw `qan Ah-km-\-t-Xp-amb XXz--fm-Ip-p. CS-
bvp aqp XXz-fpw Ch-bn AK-X--fm-Wv.
kakvX t`mKy-]Z- m-cq-]-amb Aw Cu ]-a-lm-
_qXfpsS {]h-\-am-Wv. AXn-\m Chbpw A-
ns cq]-n nXn-sN-p-p. CXp-sImv A-
n Xs Aw {]Xn-jT v n--s-n-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp-
Cu Imcyw XmXzn-I-ambn {Kln-p-pthm ]rYzo-cq-
 138

I ]-amb A-n BIm-i-cq-]-am-Ip Ahpw BIm-i- "R-fpsS lrZ-b - n \np \Ip--Xn\p \ K

cq-]-am-Ip A-n ]rYzo-cq-]-am-Ip Ahpw {]Xn- `- Wtam Xma- kn- p- -Xn\p etam C' Fv Atlw
jvTn-X- a-mbn-cn-pp Fv Ah\v BIm-im-Zn-bmb ]- Hcn-epw ]d-bp-I-bn-. bmsXm-cp- Xs Krl-n-em-
`q-X- sf bYmtbmKyw D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Ign- bp- p. AXn- K-X-\m-Ip AXn-Ynsb AXy-[n-I-amb BZ-c-km-c-
\m Ah Cu hnj-b-n ka-\mbpw `hn-p-p. ]qw D- a-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \ hkvXp-- fm tkh\w
Cu hnm-\-ns ^e-ambn Ah Fm {]Im-c--fn- sNp-pthm Ahs\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Dm-n-bn-p
ep-ap t`mKy-h-kvXpfmepw Ahsb D]t`mKn-p--Xn- t`mP-\-h-kvXp--fm Xr]vX-\m--s-Sp-pthm Ah\pw
\p in-bmepw k--\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m D-a-`m-K-n Aw e`y-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ah\p
A h k m\- - f m , \m\m- { ]- I m- c - - f n- e p t`mKy-]-Zm--f psS k-m Z-\ -n IjvS -s -tS
arKfm, hnZy-bpsS tXP-n-\m ka\pw alm-\p- Bhiyw Dm-Ip-n-. AXnYn tkh-\ - ns {]`m-h-
am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah-s biv temIw apgp-h hym]n- n \npw Ah\p bmsXm-n-tbpw Ipd-hp-m-Ip-n-
p-p. AXn-\m Bbp-p-hg- n-bm-bnpw Ah alm-\m- . Abm-fpsS Fm Bhiyfpw A\m-bm-k-a mbn
bn- o-cp-p. ]qo-Ic - nsSp-p. Ah hon hcp AXn-Ynsb
a[y`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWp k-cn-p--sX-n, AXm-
bXp km[m- c - W - c o- X n- b n ` Ww \ Ip- I bpw
Zi-am- \ p-h mIw
{]tXyIamb _lp-am-\-sampw {]I-Sn-n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bp-
\ IwN\ hkXu {]Xym-N-o-X. XXv{h-Xw. X am-sW-n Ah\pw km[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn Aw e`y-am-Ip-
kvamZybm Ibm N hn[bm _lzmw {]m]v\p-bm- p. AXm-bXv A-h-k{v Xm-Zn-I-fpsS kw`-c-W-n km[m-
Xv . Bcm- ykva m A-an-X ymNtX. GXssZz c-W-bn Ihnv _pn-ap-t--Xmbn hcp-p. GXp `mh-
apJtXmw cmw. apJXmkvam Aw cm[y-tX. tm-Sp-IqSn Ah AXn-Ynp \Ip-pthm AtX-`m-h-
GXssZz a[ytXmwcm-w. a[ytXmkvam Aw tm- Sp- IqSn A{Xbpw Ipd-hmb BZ- c- thm-Sp-IqSn B hkvXp-
c m[ y- t X . G X Zzm A tX m w c m- w . e`n-p-p. CXp-t]m-se- Xs An-a- `m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn
AtXmkvam Aw cm[y-tX. b Ghw thZ. AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb BZ-chpw {]I-Sn-n-msX
Cu A\p-hm-I-n AXn-Yn-tk-hb - psS al-Xzhpw \nm-c-`m-h-n `mc- -]a - m-bn--cpXn AXn-Yn-tk-h\w \S-
^ehpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- AXn-Yn-tk-h-\- p- I - b m- s W- n Ah \nIrjvS`mh-tm-Sp-IqSn A{i-
ns ]q-amb ^ew In-Wsam{K-ln-p-pthm - ambn Xm- d m- - s `Ww \In k- cn-p-I-bm-
Ah BZy-ambn Xs hon GsXnepw AXnYn B{i- sW-n Ah\pw AtX-co- Xn-bn-ep ]Zm- AtX
bs B{K-lnp hcp-s-n Xm Hcn-epw tami- amb `mh-tm-Sp-IqSn e`n-p-p. AXm-bXv Ahsb {]m]n-p-
adp-]Sn ]dp aSn Ab-bvp-I-bn F \nbaw -Xn\v Ah hf-scb[nIw IjvS-s-tS-- Xmbn hcp-p.
kzoI-cn--Ww. "AXnYn tZthm `h' AXn-Ynsb tZh-_p- Bfp-Isf apJ-kX v p-Xn-bm ktm-jn-n-t-- Xmbn hcp-
n-tbm-Sp-IqSn tkhn-pI F D]-tZiw Kpcp apJ-p- p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw Cu cl-kys {Kln-p-
\npw thZm-y-b\w \S-n-bn-p injy\p sImSpp pthm Ah D-a- amb coX-bn hnip-- amb `mh-tm-
Ign- n-p--Xm-Wv. C{]-Im-c-ap \nbaw ]men- m Sp-IqSn AXn- Yn-tk-h\w \Sn ktm--a-amb ^ew {]m-
am{Xta AXn-Yn-tk-h\w kmy-am-Ip-Ib - p-q. Cu {hXw ]n-p-p.
kzoI-cnv AXns\ ]men-p--Xn-\p-thn Xsbpw IpSpw- kw_w C\n ]c-am-m-hns hn`q-Xn-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn
_-n-sbpw Bhiyn-\p-thn am{X-a-msX GsX- k{X Nnn-t-- Xmb hn[s \nt-in-p-p.
nepw \ymtbm-Nn-X-amb am-nqSn hfscb[nIw
ta CXn hmNn. tbmKta CXn {]mWm-]m-
Aw D]mn--Ww. [\w, k-v, Aw Cs\
\-tbmx. ItXn lkvXt- bmx. KXn-cnXn ]mZ-tbmx.
ico-c- t]m-j-W-n-\p-th-n- bp kma-{Kn-Isf km- Zn-p-
hnap-n-c nXn ]mbu. CXn am\p-jox. kam- mx.
-Xn\v F{Xtbm \ymtbm-Nn-X-amb amfp-tm, AXp-
AX ssZhox. Xr]vXn-cn-Xn. hrjvSu. _e-anXn hnZyp-
t]mse Ign A\p- hm-I--fn-embn GsXmw D]m- b-
Xn. bi CXn ]ip-jp. tPymXn-cnXn \t{X-j p.
]d-n-ptm Ah GsX-nepw aptJ\ hf-sc-b-[nIw
{] Pm- X n- c - a r - X - a m- \ C X yp- ] - t . k - a n-
Blm-c-h-kvXp- km-Zn- -Ww. AXm-bXv AXnYn tkh-
XymImti.
\-n-\mbn Ah-iy-hk - vXp- A[n-Ia- m-{X-bn kw`-cn-
-Ww. Fp-sIm-s- m AXn-Yn-tk-h\w Krtlm-Nn-X- ChnsS ]c-ta-iz-c s hn`q-Xn-I sf kwt- ]-ambn
amb kZm-Nm-c-ns Hgn-p-Iq-Sm ]mSn-m AwK-am-Ip- hn-n-cn-p-p. kXy-kz- cq-]-amb hmWn-bn Biohm-
p. am\y\pw tbmKy-\p-amb a\p-jy hon hcp AXn- Zm-ZnIaqew c \Ip--Xn-\p in {]Xo- X-am-Ip-p-
Yn-tbmSv C{]-Imcw ]d-bpp "hcp, hcp, Ccn-p, `Ww thm, AXns cq]-n AhnsS ]c-am-m-hns nXn-
Xm-dm-b n-cn-p-p. `Ww Ignm-epw.' Fn--s\. bp-m-Ip-p. {]mW-\nepw A]m-\-\nepw Poh-t\m-]-tbm-Kn-

N P

I bmb hkvXp-sf BIjn-p--Xn\pw Pohs\ cnp-
-Xn-\p-ap GsXmcp in-bp-m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXpw
]c-am-m-hns Awi-am-Ip-p. AtX-{]-Imcw ssIIfn
{]hn-p--Xn-\p inbpw ]mZ--fn Nen-p--
Xn-\p inbpw ae-Zzm-c-n ae-hn-k-\-n-\p
inbpw ]c-am-m-hn-t-Xm-Ip-p. Cu Fm iIvXnIfpw
]ctaizcs in-bpsS Hcwiw Xs-bm-Wv. CsXmw
ImWp a\p-jy ]c-ta-iz-cs k-bn hniz-kn-pI
Xs thWw. CXv am\p-jn-Ia - mb aln-a-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv
a\p-jys ico-c - n {]Xo-X-am-Ip ]c-am-m-hns
in-bpsS kwt-] - n ZnKvZi\w sN-s-Sp-p.
CXns\ Bym-n-I-amb (i-co-c- kw-_-n) D]m-k- \-sbp
]d-bp-p. CXp-t]mse Xs ssZhn- I-]-Zm--fn {]Xy-
-ambn ImW-s -Sp insb hn- p-p. CXv
ssZhnI (B[nssZ-hnI) amb D]m-k-\-bm-W.v hrjvSn-bn
bmsXm-cp-hn-[-amb Am-ZnIsf D-hn-n-p--Xn\pw Pe-
{]-Zm\w aqew AJn-e-tbpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p
inbpw \{X--fn AXm-bXv kqcy, N{, Xmcm-
K-W- Ch-bn ImW- s- Sp {]Imifpw enwK- n
\ne-\np km-t\m- e] v m-Z-\-i- nbpw hocy-cq-]-n
cbpw B\-hpw \Ip--Xn-\p inbpw AXp-
t]mse BIm-i-n Fm-n-s\bpw \ne-\np
inbpw k hym]-IX - z-n-sbpw As\ Fm
{]Im-c-n-ep-ap inbpw ]c-ta-iz-cs ANn-yhpw
A]m-ch - p-amb in-bpsS GtXm Hcw-i-ns {]kv^p-
cWw am{X-am-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw Iv a\p-jy k{X
GI-\mb ]c-am-m-hns hym]-I-X-bpsS clkyw a\-n-
em- -Ww.
kw_\v[w C\n hnhn[ `mh--tfm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp
D]m-k-\IfpsS ^e-k-ln-X-amb h\w \S--s-Sp-p
XXv {]Xn-jvtT-Xyp-]m-ko-X. {]Xn-jvTm-h m `h-
Xn. Xl CXyp-] m- k o-X . alm `h- X n. X\
CXyp-]mkoX . am\-hm `h-X n. Xa CXyp-] m-
ko-X. \aytkvs sa Imamx. XZv {_t-Xyp-]m-
ko-X. {_-hm `h-Xn. XZv {_Wx ]cn-ac CXyp-
]m-ko-X. ]tcyWw {anbt Zznjx k]Xv\mx. ]cn
tb{]nbm {`mXr-hymx.
Cu a{n kIm-tam-]m- k-\-bpsS `n--fmb ^e-
sf hnh-cn-p-p. {]XnjvT B{K-ln-p ]pcp-j
Xs D]m-ky-tZ-hs {]Xn-jvT-bpsS cq]-n D]m-k\
\S--s. AXm-bXv "B D]m-ky-tZ-h Xs Fm-n-
sbpw {]XnjvT AJn-e-n-sbpw B[mcw' BIp-p.
Cu `mh\tbm- Sp-Iq-Sn At-ls Nnn--s. temI- n
A-s\-bp D]m-k-I\v {]XnjvT e`n-p-p. alXzw
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Xs D]m-ky-tZ-hs\ "alm'
Fp IcpXn At-ls D]m-kn-pp Fn Ah
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p, al-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. Xs D]m-
ky-tZ-hs\ alm a\kzn Fp IcpXn a\\in {]m]n-
N P
139
p--Xn-\p-thn AXns\ D]m-kn-pp Fn B D]m- K
k-I \\w sNp--Xn-\p hnti-j-i-nsb {]m]n-p-
p. C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- Xs D]m-ky-tZ-h-Xsb \a-
kvm-c-tbm-Ky-\mb inim-en-bmbncpXn A-s\-
bp in {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn At-ls D]m-kn-
pp Fn Ah kzbw \a-k v m-c-tbm-Ky-\m-bn-o-
cp-p. Fm A`nemjfpw ssIIqn Ahs apn
\np-p. Fm t`mKfpw kzb-ambn Ahs Nc-W-
-fn ]Xn-p-p. A\m-bm-k-am-bn-s Fm t`mK-h-
kvXp- fpw Ah\p e`y-am-Ip-p. bmsXm- cp- Xs D]m-
ky-tZ-hs\ Ghpw henb km-[m-c-amb {_w Fp
IcpXn AXns\ {]m]n- p- - Xn-\p-thn D]m- k\ \S-pp
Fn Ah {_-m-\n-bm-bn-o-cp-p, AXm-bXv
k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c Ahs kz-am-bn-o-cp-
p. Ah--[o- \- ambn `hn- p-p. bmsXmcp Xs D]m-
ky-tZ-h-Xsb {_w-h-gn-bmbn Fm-n-t\bpw kwl-cn--
W-sap \n- bn--s A[n- Im-cn- tZ- h Fp IcpXn D]m-
kn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-t\mSp hntZz-j-ap Fm i{Xp-
fpw kzbw \in-p-p. AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
Ahs A]-Im-cn-Ifpw A{]n-bc - p-amb _p- Bbn-
cn-p-p-htem Ahcpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p. hmkvX-h - n
GsX-nepw cq]-n GsX-nepw D]m-ky-tZ-h-Xsb D]m-
kn-p-Ib- m-sW-n AXv {]Im-cm--c-ambn ]c-{_ ]c-
ta-iz-cs D]m-k-\-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Fm kIm-a-cmb
a\p-jy Am-\him Cu clkyw {Kln-m-Xn-cn-p-
-Xp-Im-cWw `n-`n--i-n-I-fm bp-amb `n `n
tZh-X-I-fpsS `n-`n A`n-em-j - -fp-sS-kn-n-p-th-n
D]m-k \ \Snsmn-c n- p- p. AXn-\ m Ah
bYm-Kp-W- -fm hn- X-cm-bn-o-cp-p. AXp- sImv
a\p-jy Cu clkyw \mbn {Klnv AJn-e-tZ-h-m-cp-
tSbpw tZh-\mb k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-am-m-hns D]m-
k\ At-ls s {]m]n-p-- Xn-\p-thn sN-s.
At-l-n\npw asmpw B{K-ln--cp-Xv.
kw_w GI\mb ]c-am-mhv k{X ]cn-]q-\m-
Ip-p. Cmcyw {Klnv At-ls {]m]n-p--Xp-sIm-
p ^ehpw {]m]n-p--h-cpsS nXnbpw hn-p-
p.
k bmbw ]pcptj bm-k m- h m-ZntXy k
GIx. k b Ghw-hn-Xv. Akvam-tm-I m-X vt{]-Xy.
GXa a-b -am- m\ap]-k w-{I-ay. GXw {]mW-a-
b-XvZ-a-\-ap-]-kw-{I-ay. GXw at\m-a-b-am-m\ ap]-
kw-{I-ay. GXw hnm- \ -a -b - am- m\ ap]wkw
{Iay. GX-am-\--ab amm\ ap]-kw-{I-ay. Camw-
tm-ImIm-amo Ima-cq]y \pkw-Nc - . GXvkm-
Xa Kmb-m-kvtX.
GsXmcp ]c-am-m-hns\ krjvSn-nXn kwlm-c--
fpsS Imc-W-ambn apt hnp Ign-n-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-c p- ]c- a m- \ - -k z- c q- ] -\ m-b n-c n- p- p-thm,
 140

I Atlw Cu ]pcp-j-\n AXm-bXv a\p-jy-cnepw kqcy- amb Ahybw BIp-p. B alm-]p-cp-j ]d-bp-p. CXp K
\nepw Hp-X- s- bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Fm Pohn-I-fnepw hfsc B-cy-I- c- amb kwK- Xn- bm- Ip-p. Fm t`mK- h- kX v p-
A- cym- an- bmbn hncm- Pn-p- Xv Htc Hcp ]c- am-mhp Xs- fpw Ahsb A\p-`-hn-p Pohm-mhpw Ch cn-
bm-Ip-p. hnhn-[-cq-]--fn At-l - ns {]Im-i\w t\bpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p ]c-ta-iz-c\pw Rm Xs-bm-
kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy Cu XXzw Ip-p. Rm Xs Cu {]Xy--ambn ImW-s-Sp PK-
\mbn {Kln- p- pthm Ah h-am\ ico- cs Dt]- n tZh-X-Ipw apmbn Fm-nepw {][m-\-ambn
n-p--Xn-\p-ta, A-ab Bm-hv, {]mW-a-b-B-m- {]Xyamb {_hpw BIp-p. ]c-am-\-k - z-cq-]-amb
hv, at\m-ab Bm-hv, hnm-\a - b B-hv, B\-a - b A ar- X - ns tI{- a mb ]c- { _- - ] - c - t ai zc\pw
Bmhv Fo \ma--fm B ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-amb ]c- Fn\npw `n- \m-bn-cn-p- n-. AXn-\m At-lhpw
{_-s {]m]n-p-p. Ch-sbmw {]m]n-nv AXm-bXv Rm Xs-bm-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- GsX-nepw hkvXp-
qe-kq-va-t`-Z--tfm-Sp-IqSn bmsXmv Hns A- hns cq]-n Fs Bs-nepw {]Zm\w sNp-
cm-m-hm-bnv \m\m-cq-]-n nXn-sN-p-Ibpw AJn- e- pthm Ah Fs sImSp-p-sIm-p-Xs Fs
n- sbpw A-cym-an-bmbn ]a-cm-\--kz-cq-]a - m-bn-cn-p- cn-p-p. AXm-bXv k ]m{X- n-ep t`mKy-]-Zm-
pthm At-ls {]m]n-nv a\p- jy ]cym-]vX-amb t`mK- - fpsS Zm\w- Xs At-ls cn-p- hm\p ktm-
km- a-{Kn-I-fm bpcpw Cm-\p-k-c-W- ap cq]-sf [cn- -a-amb amw CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn bmsXm-cp- X\n-
p--Xn-\p in-bm k-cpw Bbn-o-cp-p. p-th-n-s A- cq-]--fmb Fm hkvXp--tfbpw
AtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s Cu temI--fn Npn- - -cn-p- A\p`hnp-p-hthm Ahs\ Rm A-cq-]-am-bnp hngp-
sImv ka-Xm-bp--amb `mhtfm-Sp-Iq-Snb kma-Km\w p-p. AXm-bXv Ahs hn\mi kw`-h n- pp
Be-]n-p-sImp hkn-p-p. Ahs t`mK- h- kvXp- \ne- \np- n- . Rm kakvX
{_m-WvU-tbpw Xnc-kvIc - n-p--h-\m-Ip-p. Fs
kw_w Ahs B\--a--amb a\-n bmsXmv
aln-a-bpsS Xpe-\- n Ch-sbmw Xp--fm-Ip-p.
ka-X-bp-tSbpw k-cq-]-X-bp-tSbpw `mhw DWn-sm-
Fs {]Im-i-ns tei-am-{X-amb Hcp _np kqcy\p
n-cn-p-pthm AXns\ hn-p-p.
Xpey-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv {]]--n {]Im-i-bp---
lmhp lmhp lmhp. Al-a--a-l-a--a-l-a-w. fmb F{Xtbm hkvXp--fp-v. Ah-sbmw Xs Fs
Al-a-mtZmla-mtZmlav\m-Zx. Alw tmI- tXP-ns Awi-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp C{]-Imcw ]c-
Ir-Zlw tmI-Ir-Zlw tmI-Ir-Xv. Al-akvan {]Y- am-- X-Xzs {Kln-p-pthm Ah\pw CtX nXn-Xs
aPm EXmky. ]qw tZtht`ymarXky \m`m-bn. {]m]n-p-p.
tbm am ZZmXn k CtZ-h-am-hmx. Al-a--a aZ--
am-Zva n. Alw hnizw `ph\ a`y-` -hmw. kph
tPymXox. b Ghw thZw CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv. imn-] mTw
B alm-]p-cp-js nXn ico-c-n- em-bn-cn-p-n- . Hmw iw t\m an{Xx iw hcp-Wx. iw t\m `h-Xz-
Ah ico-c-n \npw Ghpw apI-fn-em-bp-bv ]c- cy-am. iw \ Ct{m _rl-kv]-Xnx. iw t\m hnjvWp-
am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p. Cmcyw BZy-ambn ]d-nv cp- c p- { I- a x. \tam {_- t W. \akv t X hmtbm
AXn- \ p- t ijw Cu kma- K m- \ s hn- p- p. Xzmtah {]Xyw {_m-hm-Zn-j w. EX-a-hmZnjw.
CXn\npw ]c-am-m-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn sFIyw {]m]n-p-I- kXy-a-h m-Zn-j w. Xm-am-h o-X v. XZz- mc amho-X v.
gn alm-]p-cp-js Cu ]mh-t\m-ZvKmcw Ahs hnip- Bhomw Bho-Zz-m-cw.
-amb Ax-Ic - -W-n \npw ]pd-s-n-cn-p-Xpw
Hmw imnx! imnx !! imnx !!!
AXns Aeu-InI aln-asb kqNn-n-p- -X p-amWv
FXv {]I-S-am-Ip-p. "lmhp' F ]Zw B-cy-tZym-X- I- CXns Aw inm-h-n-bpsS ZzmZ- im- \p- hm- I-n
sImSp-n-p-v.

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 141

I K
1
tizXm-iz-Xtcm-]\
- n-jv 3

imn-] mTw nXn-sN-bX

v n-cpp? \psS ]c-a-amb B{ibw BcmWv?
AXp-t]mse \psS A[n-jvTm-Xmhv \app hyh-
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p. kl
Isfmw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Bcv? bmsXm-cp-
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
-\m cNn--s hyh-If\p-k-cnv \sfmw
hnZznjm hssl.
kpJ-ZpxJf-\p-`h- n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. As\ Cu
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!! kq PK-ns kphy-h - -I sNbvXp-sImv
CXns\ \bn- p-s Im- n-c n- p CXns bP-a m- \
tl ]c-am-! Kpcp-in-j y- m-c mb R cp-
BcmWv?
t]pw Fm-{]-Im-c-n-e p-ap kwc-Ww Ap
\In-bm-epw. R cp-t]-cp-tSbpw ]cn-]m-e\w Ap 2. Imex kz`mthm \nb-Xnb-Zrm
kap-Nn-X-a mb coXn-bn \S-n- bm-epw. R cp- `qXm\n tbm\nx ]pcpj CXn Nnym
t]pw Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap _ew kwkn--am-I-tW.
kwtbmK Gjmw \ Xzm `mhm
Ay-b\w \S-n-bn-p R-fpsS hnZy tXPx-]q-
ambn `hn--tW. Hcn-epw BtcmSpw hnZy-bn ]cm-Pn-X- Zmm-]y-\oix kpJZpxJ-tl-tXmx.
cm-Im-sXbpw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h ]c-k]v -c-ktv \-l-kq-{X- thZ-im-k{v X- -fn At\Iw Imc-W- hn-n-cn-
m _n- X- cmbpw R hkn--tW. Rp ]c- pp Fv Ah ]d-bp-hm XpS- n. Nne-bn-Sv
kv]-ctam A\y-cm-bn-p--h-tcmtSm Hcn-epw hntZzjw Imes Imc-W-ambn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-
Dm-Im-Xn-cn--tW. tl ]c-am-. aqp-Xm-]-pw m Hmtcmtcm ka-b--fn-embn hkvXp--fpsS D-
imn-bp-m-tW! hs Ip- sIm- n- cn-p- p. Nne- bn-Sv kz`mhs Imc-
W-ambn ]d-bpp; Fp-sIm-s-m _oP-n-\-\p-k-c-
W-am-b n- s hr- ns D- n-b p- m-Ip-p.
{]Y-a m- ymbw bmsXmcp hkvXp-hn bmsXmv kzm`m-hn-I-i-n-bm-bn-cn-
lcnx Hmw {_-hm-Znt\m hZ-n p-pthm AXn\npw AXns Imcyhpw D-hn-p-
-Xm-bn--p-h-cp-p. AXn-\m hkvXp-K-X-amb in-
1. Inw ImcWw {_ IpXxkva PmXm cq]w bmsXmcp kz`m-h-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp-Im-c-Wa - m-
Pohma tI\ Iz N kw{]-XnjvTmx Ipp Fv hy-am-Ip-p. Nne-bn-Sp Is Imc-
A[n-jvTnXmx tI\ kptJ-X-tc-jp W-ambn ]d-bp-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Im-\p-k-c-W-am-
hm-atl {_-hntZm hyhmw. bn-s Pohn-I `n--fmb tbm\nIfn `n- -fmb
kz`m-hm-Zn-I-fm bp-cmbn P\n-p-p. Nne-bn-Sv BI-
"lcnx Hmw' C{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hns \mtam-m-c-W- kvanI kw`-h-sf AXm-bXp hn[nsb Imc-W-ambn ]d-
tmSpw B ]c-{_--]c - -ta-iz-cs kvac-W-tbmSpw IqSn n-cn-p-p. Nne-bn-Sp ]-a-lm-`qXtfbpw Nne-bn-
D]-\n-jv Bcw-`n-pp Sp Pohm-m-hn-s\bpw PK-ns Imc-W-ambn hn-
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p-- n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m CXns ImcWw BcmWv Fp
Xn-\pw-thn At- l- s- n N sNbvXp-sIm- n-cn-p \app Nnn--Ww. Nnn-- Xn\npw a\-n-em-p-hm
Ipdp PnPvRmkp- ]c-k] v cw ]d-bp-hm XpSn: "" km[n- p- Xv Imew apX ]- a- lm-`q- X- hsc ]d- n-
Atbm thZ--cmb aljn-am-tc, Cu kakvX PK-n- cn-p PU-]-Zm--sfmpw PK-ns Imc-W-am-Ip-
sbpw ImcWw {_-amsWn B {_lvaw GXmWv? n-s-m-Wv. Ahp {]tXyIw {]tXy-Ia - mtbm Iq-
\-s fmw Bcn\npw DXv` hnp? \psS aqew amtbm PK- ns Imc- W - a m- I p- h m km[y- a- . Fp-sIm-
FmWv? BcpsS {]`mhw sImv \mw Pohn-n-cn-pp? s- m Ch- s bmw PU- h - k v X p- - f m- b- X p- a qew tNX-
\psS Pohs B[mcw Bcm-Ipp? \psS ]q- \[o\-am-Ip-p. Ch-bn kzX-{- ambn {]hn- p--
nXn Fn-emWv? AXm-bXv \mw Pohn-p--Xn-\p-apv Xn-\p in-bn-. bmsXmcp PU-hk - X v pfpsS kwtbm-
`qX-Im-e- n D-hn--Xn-\p-tijw h-am-\-Im-e- K- n\npw ]pXn-
b - X mbn Hcp hkv X p Dm-Ip-pthm
nepw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw {]f-b-Im-e -n Bcn AXv AXns km- e - I - t N- \ - X - b mb Bm- hns Xs

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 142

I A[o-\-n-ep-Xpw A\p-`-hn-m-\p--Xp-am-Ip-p. CXn-s\- aqetam B[m-ctam BIp-p. N{I-ns kpcnX-Xz-Kn-

q-SmsX ]pcp-j AXm-bXv Pohm-mhv PK-ns Imc- \p-thn AXn-t teml-h-fbw Dd-n-n-cn-p--Xp-
W-am-Ip-n- . Fp-sIm-s-m AXp kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS t]mse Cu Ahy--{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip hf-b-n-t
tlXp-`q-X-- fmb {]mc- _v[[o- \- am- Wv. AXn\pw kzX- kXzw, cPv Xav Cu aqp KpW- Xs aqp
{-ambn Hpw sNp-hm Ign-bp-n-. AXn-\m Imc- hf-b--f m-bn-cn-p-p. `K-hms ANn-y-in aqp
W-XXzw astm BWv. KpW--fm ad- bv-s-n- cn- pp Fv t\cs ]d-p-
I-gn-n-cn-p-p. N{I-ns hfbw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
kw_w C{]- Imcw Nnn-nv Ah Fp-Xo-cp-am- \np?
`mK--fmbn tN-s-n-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs kwkm-c-
CtX-n ]d-bpp
cq]am-Ip N{I-ns {]Ir-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip hf-b-n
3. tX [ym\-tbm-Km-\p-KXm A]-iy a\-v, _pn, Almcw, AXp-t]mse BIm-iw, hmbp,
tZhm--inw kzKp-ssW \nKpVmw tXP-v, Pew, `qan Fo Fp kqva-X-Xz-fpw Ch-
bx Imc-Wm\n \nJn-em\n Xm\n bp-sS-Xs Fp qe-cq-]-fpw C{]-Imcw ]Xn-\m-dp-`m-
K--fp-v. AXp-t]m-se-Xs F{]-Imcw N{I-n Imep-
Imem- bpm\y[nXn-j vT-tXy-Ix.
I LSn-n-n-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv Hcp `mK-
C{]-Imcw Nnn-X - n-\p-ti-jhpw bpn-bmepw A\p- p-\nv hf-b-ns Hcp `mKp LSn-n-p-Ibpw adp-
am-\-mepw Ahv Hcp Xocp-am-\ - n-se-n--cp-hm `mKw N{I-ns IpS-n LSn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-
km[n-msX h-tm Ah-scmw [ym\-tbm-K-n p-p-hthm AtX- {]-Im-cw-Xs Cu kwkm-c-N-{I-n
nX-cmbn AXm-bXv X-fpsS a\-n-t\bpw C{n-b - - Ax-Ic - -W-ns hrn- I- fm-Ip A]-Xn-\-p
tfbpw _mly-hn-j-b--fn \npw ]nmn ]c-{_-s A]Xp Imep-I-fpsS m\-fpw ]-a-lm-`q-X--fpsS
Adn-bp--Xn\v At-l-s- s Nnn-n-cn-p--Xn Imcyw ]n-{n-b-fpw ]hn-j-b-fpw ]{]m-
X- c-cm- bn- op. [ym\np [ym\nv Ahv ]c-am-m- W\pw Cu Ccp-]Xp klm-b-Im-ep-If - psS m\-fpw
hns aln-a-bpsS A\p-`hw Dm-bn. Ah ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb BIp-p. Cu N{I-n Fsp hoX-ap km[-\--tfm-
]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-`q-X-amb ANn-y-Znhyin- Sp-Iq-Snb Bdp kaq-l- Ah-b-h-cq-]-n hncm-Pn-p-
bpsS kmm-Xvmcw {]m]n-p. bmsXmv XtdXmb p. Ch Bsdv F t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. Pohn-Isf
KpW--fm kXz-c-Pkv Xa-p-I-fm ad-bs - -n-cn-p- Cu N{I-n _n-n-Sp--Xmbn At\-Ic - q-]-n {]I-
pthm AXm-bXv ImgvNbvp {XnKp-Wa - m-bn-m-sWnepw S-am-Ip Bk-n-cq-]-n- ep Hcp Xqp-a-c-ap-v. tZh-
hmkvX-h-n {XnKp-W - pw AXo-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. bm- \w, ]nXr-bm- \w, Cu temI-n Hcp tbm\nbn \npw
Atm Ah Imew apX Bm-hp-hsc F{Xtbm Imc- asmcp tbm\n-bn-tep t]mIp--Xn-\p amw C{]-Im-c-
W- ap]p ]d-n-cp-p-thm, B Fm Imc-W--fp- ap aqp-am--fp-v. ]pWy-I-fpw ]m]-I-
tSbpw A[n-jvTm- Xmhp bmsXm-cp--\m-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv fpw Cu Pohn-Isf Cu N{Itm-Sp-IqSn Id-p--Xn-
Ah- sbmw BcpsS Bbpw t{]c- Wbpw aqew bmsXm- \p \nan--fpw AXn Imep-I Dd-p-\np
cp-s in-bpsS GtXm Aev]mwiw sImv Xmm- \m`n AYhm IpSw Am-\hpw BIp-p. Cu IpSw N{I-
-fpsS I- -sf A\p-jT v n-p--Xn ka-cm-bn-cn- ns tI{-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs Am\w Cu
p-pthm B GI-k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cXs temI-ns tI{hpw BIp-p.
Cu PK-ns hmkvX-hnI Imc-W-am-Ip-p. ap bmsXm-
5. ]-kvtdmtXmw_pw ]-tbm-\y-{K-h{Imw
cp--\p-a Fp Xocp-am-\-n Ah-sc-n-tp.
]-{]m-tWmanw ]-_p-ym-Zn-aqemw
4. Xta-I-t\aow {XnhrXw tjmUimw
]m-hmw ]-Z px-Ju-L-thKmw
iXm[mcw hnwi-Xn-{]-Xy-cm-`nx.
]m-iZvt`Zmw ]]m-a-[o-ax.
AjvS ssIx jUv`nhn-iz-cq-ss]-I]miw
Cu a{-n kwkm-cs \Zn-bpsS cq]-n
{XnamK-t`Zw Zzna-\n-an-ss-I-tam-lw.
hn-n- cn-p-p. {_- m-\n-I-fmb B aljn-am ]d-
Cu a{-n hnizs N{I-cq-] - n hn-n-cn- bpp Ap mt\-{n-b-f - m-Ip t{kmX-tm-Sp-Iq-
p-p. ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-`q-X- amb ANn-y-i- Snb \Znsb R Ip- sIm- n-cn-p-p. {]]--ns
nsb Zin-n-p Ejn-am ]d-bpp R Hcp h-f- PvRm\w Ap mt\-{nb h-gn-bmbn Rp
b-n Dd-n-n-cn-p N{Is Ip. Cu hf-b-n e`n-p-p. Ch-bnIq-Sn-s {]]w {]h-ln-p-sIm-
B N{I- ns Imep-I fw IShpw Dd- n- p-h m\pw n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m C{nbsf ChnsS t{kmXv
N{Is bYm-m-\p LSn-n-p-hm\pw km[n-p-p. Fp ]d-bp-p. Cu C{-b Ap kqva`qX--
ChnsS Ahy- {]Ir-Xnsb hfbw Fp ]d-bpp; Fp- fm \nn--s--h-bm-Wv. CXn-\m Cu \Znv Av
sIm-s- m AXp-Xs Cu hy-amb {]]--ns DZvK-a-m-\- Dsp Icp-X-s-Sp-p. Cu \Zn-bpsS

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 143

I {]hmlw hfsc `b--c-am-Ip-p. Cu {]hm-l

- n ]Xn- \p-k-c- W- ambn B ]c- am- m- hn-\m Id- - s- p- sIm- K
p--Xp-sImp IqsS-qsS P\-\-a-c-W-t-i-sf A\p- n- cn-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. Cu Pohm-mhv Xs km-e- I\p
`-hn-tn hcp-p. temI-ns KXn Ghpw h{I-X-tbm- a\-n-emn At-l-ns Ir]m-]m-{X-am-bn-o-cm-Xn-cn-p-
Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv; Im]-Sy- \ndXm-Wv. CXn\npw -Xp-hs - cbpw Xs-s At-l-ns {]nb-\m-n-
c-s-SpI hfsc {]bm-k-ta-dnb Imcy-am-Wv. AXn-\m op--Xp-h-scbpw CXn\v Cu N{I-n \npw
Cu kwkm-c-cq-]a - m-Ip \Znsb h{IX Fp ]d-bp-p. tamN\w t\Sp-h m km[- p- n- . Cu Pohm- mhv
{]]--Po-hn-I-fn kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn- tNjvSIfpw Xsbpw Fm-n-tbpw t{]c-I-\mb ]c-am-mhns\
Ne-\ - fpw {]mWaqew kw`-hn-p- p. AXn-\m \mbpw {]tXyIw {]tXy- I-ambpw a\-n-em- p- Ibpw At-
{]mWs\ `h-k-cn-ns Xcw-K-am-e-I-tfm-Sp-]- an-n-cn-p-p. l-ns Id-sImv Rm Cu kwkm-cN - {- I-n
\Zn-bnse tImfn-fw Xcw-K--fm kw`-hn-p-p. ]- Id-n-sm-n-cn-pp Fpw At-l-ns Ir]-bm
m-t\-{nbZzmcm kw`-hn- p NmpjmZn Ap Xs tamNn--s-Sp-hm km[n-p-sapw a\-n-em-p-
{]Imcfn-ep m\--fp-tSbpw BZn-Im-cWw a\-m- Ibpw sNptm ]c-ta-iz-cs {]nb-\m-bnv At-l-
Ip-p. Fm m\-fpw a\-ns hrn-I Xs- m kzoIm- cy- \mbn `hn-p-p. ]ns Aa- c- Xzs {]m]n-
bm-Ip-p. a\-p-m-bn-cn-p-n-s-n C{-b- F{X- p-I bpw P\-\-a -c -W-c q-] -am-Ip kwkm-c-N -{I-n
am{Xw {ian-mepw bmsXm-cp- hn-[-n- ep-ap m\w {]m]n- \npw Fs-t-b v p-ambn tamN\w t\Sp-Ibpw ]caim
p-hm km[n-p--X- . Cu a\v kwkm-c-cq-]-am-Ip n-tbbpw AXp-t]m-s e-X s k\m-X -\ -Zn-hy-]-c-a -[ m-a-
\Zn-bpsS aqe-am-Ip-p. a\v imn-bSm \in- sbpw {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
pIgnm Cu {]]ns AkvXnXzw Cu cq]-
7. DZvKo-X-ta-XXv ]caw Xp {_
n \ne-\np-n-. a\v \ne-\np--Xp-hsc
kwkm-c-N{- Ihpw \ne-\np-p. C{n-b - -fpsS i_vZw, Xkvanw kv{Xbw kp{]-Xn-jvTm-cw N.
kv]iw apX-emb Ap-hn-j-b-Xs Cu kwkm-c- A{Xm-cw {_-hntZm hnZnXzm
cq-]-am-Ip \Zn-bnse Npgn-I-fm-Ip-p. CXn AI-sv eo\m {_Wn XXv]cm tbm\n-apmx
Pohn-I P\-\a - -cW N{I-n ]Xn-p-p. K`-th-Z-\,
bmsXm-nsd alna thZfn Km\w sN-s-n-cn-
P\-\Z- px-Jw, hmy-Iy-ns thZ-\, tcmKw-aq-ea - p
p-pthm bmsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhv AJn-e -
ZpJw, ac-W-`bw Cu An-\ - n- ep ZpxJ-Xs
nsbpw ktm--a-amb B{ib-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
Cu \Zn-bnse {]hm-l-ns thK-X-bm-Ip-p. Ch-bpsS
At-l-ns {XntemIfp-tSbpw kap-Zm-b-cq-]-am-
Xtem-SsImv Pohn-I hymIp-e-cm-Ip-Ibpw Cu tbm\n-
Ip kakvX hnizhpw kvYnXn-sN-p-p. Atlw Xs
bn\nv asmcp tbm\n-bn-tev Ae-p-\-S-p-Ibpw
apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p kI-e-n-sbpw t{]c-I\pw Hcn-
sNp-p. Am-\w, Almcw, cmKw, tZzjw, arXyp-
epw \mi-an-m ]c-am-- c\pw ]c-a-tZ-h\pw BIp-p.
`bw Cu Ap-hn-[-n-ep ti- Cu kwkm-c-cq-
bmsXm-cp- [ym\-tbm-K- n nX- cm-bnp ]c-am-m-
]-\-Zn-bpsS Ap-hn-`m-K- -fm-Ip-p. CXp-t]mse Xs
hns Znhyinsb Zin-p- Ibpw thZ-c-l-kys {Kln-
Ap-hn-`m-K--fn-embn Cu {]]-hpw hn`-Pn--s-n-cn-
p-I bpw sNbvX n-c p- pthm B aljn-a m Fm-
p-p. Cu An-sbpw Iqw-Xs kwkm-c-ns
nsdbpw t{]c- I- \mb B ]c-am- m- hns\ XfpsS lrZ-
kzcq-]hpw Ax-Ic - -W-ns A\-]X - p-hr-n-I Cu
b--fn A-cym-an-bmb cq]-tm-Sp-IqSn hncm-Pn-pp
\Zn- b psS A]Xp cq]- fpw BIp- p. Ax- I -
Fp a\-n-em-n, At-l-n Bk--cmb At-l-
cWns hrn-Isf FSp-p-sIm-p-Xs kwkm-c-
n eo\-cmbn Fs-tbvpw P-a-c-W tbm\n-I-
ns t`Z-sf a\-n-em-p-p.
fn\npw ap-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah-cpsS ams A\p-
6. khm-Pot k-kwt _rlt I-cnv \ap-s-m-hpw Ah-sc-tmse P\-\a - -c-W - -
Akvan lwtkm {`maytX {_-Nt{I fn\np tamN\w {]m]n- nv ]c- am- m- hn eo\- c m- I p- hm
]rY-Km-m\w t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm Ign-bp-p.

PpjvS -kvX -X -k vtX-\ m-ar-X-Xz-ta-X n. kw_w C\n B ]c-am-m-hns kzcq-]s hn-

nv At-ls Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip ^ew hnh-
bmsXm- ns\ t\cs hn- p- I - g n- pthm
cn-pp
bmsXmv AJn- e - n- sbpw Poh-\-\n-l-W-ns
tlXp-hm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv kakvX Pohn-I-fp- 8. kwbp--ta-XXv c-a-cw N
sSbpw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm. A-s\-bp P-KZv cq]- hym-hyw `ctX hniz-aoix
am-Ip {_-N-{I-n ]c-{_--]-c-am-m-hn-\m \S-- A\oimm _[ytX t`mr-`m-hm-Pv
s-Sp-Xpw ]c-am-m-hns Xs-bmb hncmSv icoc-cq-]-
mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]m-ssix.
am-Ip kwkm-c-N-{I-n Cu Pohm-mhv Xs I-

N P

I hn\mi kz`m- h- tm- Sp- Iq-Snb PU-hw `K- hms A]-
cm-{]-Ir-Xn-sbpw c-X-Xz-sapw ]d-bs - -Sp-Ibpw `K-
hms ]cm-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-amb Poh-k-ap-Zmbw A-c-X-Xz-
ns \ma-tm-Sp-IqSn hnfn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Ch
cntbpw kwtbm-K-n\n-p-mb {]I-Shpw (q-
ew) A{]-I-S-hpw (kq-vaw)-amb cq]-n nX- amb Cu
PK-ns\ B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs ]cn-]m-en-
p--h\pw kzmanbpw t{]c-I\pw AXp-t]mse Fm-n-
s\bpw bYmtbmKyw Nen-n-p--h\pw \nb-{n-p--h-
\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Pohm-mhv Cu PK-ns
hnj-b--fpsS t`mm-hm-bn-cn---Xp-Im-cWw {]Ir-Xn--
[o-\-amb CXns taml-Pm-e--fn Ipcp-n--gn-bp-Ibpw
]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns t\tc ZrjvSn-bp-bm-sX-
bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. Hcp-h B k kplr-mb
]c-am-m-hns Assl-Xp-I-amb Zb-bm alm-]p-cp-j-m-
cpsS _w e`n-nv At-ls Adn-bp--Xn-\p A`n-
em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn ]q-ambn ]cn-{i-an-ptm B ]c-a-
tZ-h -\ mb ]c-t a- i z- c s\ Adn- nv Fm _- -
fn\npw \nXy-ambn cs-Sp-p.
kw_w hopw Pohm-mhv, ]c-am-m-hv, {]IrXn Cu
aqnsdbpw kzcq-]s {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-n-
v, Cu XXzs {Klnv D]m-kn-p--Xp-sImp ^ew
ASp cp a{--fn-embn hnh-cn-p-p.
9. mu Zzmhm-ho-i-\o-im
hPm tlyIm t`mr-t`m-Kym-bp-m.
A\mm hniz-cqt]m lyIm
{Xbw bZm-hn-tX {_-ta-XX
- v.
Cuiz-c k-\pw k-i-n-am\pw BIpp;
Pohn-I Aev]-cpw Aev]in-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bhcpw
BIp-p, Ch cpw AP-m--fm-Wv. Ch-sb-q-SmsX
aqm-a-sXmcp inbpw AP-m-hm-bp-v. AXns\ {]Ir-
Xn- sbp ]d-bp- p. CXv t`mm-hmb Pohm-m- hn-\p- th
Fm t`mKy-]-Zm--tfbpw Xm- dm-n-sm-n-cn- p-p.
Cu aqpw AP-m--fm-bn--s-bn-cn-pp; A\m-Zn-bm-
bn-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw Cuiz-c ap cp XXz--
tf-bpw-Im t{ijvT-\m-Ip-p; Fp-sIm-s-m B ]c-
am-mhv A- c- ln- X-\m-p-p. ]q-amb Cu hnizw At-
l-ns kzcq]w Xs- bmWv; hncmSv icocw Xs- bm-Ip-
p. Atlw Fmw {]hn-p-sImv ]q-P-K-ns
cN-\bpw ]me-\hpw kwlm-chpw \S-p-p. Fm
hmkv X - h - n Hpw Xs sNp- n- . F p-
sImsm Atlw Imhv F Al- m- c -
n\npw cln-X-\m-Ip-p. a\p-jy C{]-Imcw Cu
aqn-sbpw Akm-[m-c-W-Xz-tbpw hn`n--X- tbbpw a\-
n-em-n-s At-ls {_-cq- ]-n {]m]nv Cu
{]Ir-Xnbpw Pohn-Ifpw Cu ]c-ta-iz-cs {]Ir-Xnbpw ]c-
ta-iz-c Ch-bpsS bP-am-\\pw BsWv {]Xy--ambn
N P
144
{Kln-p-tm, Fm _--fn\npwAh hnap--
K
\m-bn-o-cp- p.
kw_w ap]-d-n-cn-p a{- -fnse aqp XXz-
-fp-tSbpw hni-Zo-I-cWw ASp a{- n hy-am-n-
bn-cn-p-p.
10. cw {][m-\-a-ar-Xm-cw lcx
cm-m-\m-ho-itX tZh GIx.
Xkym-`n-[ym-\mZv tbmP-\mXv XXz-`m-hmZv
`qb-mt hniz-am-bm-\n-hr-nx.
{]Ir-Xn-bm-Is cw AXm-bXv ]cn-h-\-tm- Sp-Iq-
Sn- bXpw hn\m- i-kz-`m-h-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p. CXns
t`mm-hmb Poh-k-ap-Zmbw Ahn-\m-ikz`mh-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb A-c-X-Xz-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu chpw A-chpw (P-
U-{]-Ir-Xnbpw tNX-\m-Po-h-k-ap-Zm-b-hpw), cn-s\bpw XXz-
n GI-\mb ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c `cWw \S-p-
p. Atlw Xs {]m]n-p--Xn\pw Adn-bp--Xn\pw
tbmKy-\m-Ip-p. At-ls XXz-tm-Sp-Iq-Sbn {Kln-
Ww C{]-Imcw ZrV-\n-bw sNbvXnv B ]c-am-m-
hns\ \nc- cw [ym\n- p- -Xp-sIm-v, cmhpw ]Iepw At-
l-nXs kwe--ambn hkn-p--Xp-sIm-v, At-l-
ns X-bo- `-hn- p-- Xp-sIm-v, Ah-km\w At-
l- s - s {]m]n- p- p. ]ns CXns Fm
ambIpw ]q-amb \nhr-n-bp-m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
ambm-a-ba - mb Cu PK-n\npw CXns kw_w
]q-ambpw hnt-Zn--s-Sp-p.
kw_w ]c-{_-s Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p ^ew
hopw hnh-cn-p-p.
11. mXzm tZhw k-]m-im-]-lm\nx
ossWx tssiP--arXyp {]lmWnx
Xkym`n[ym\mXv XrXobw tZlt`tZ
hnssizizcyw tIhe B]vXI
- m-ax.
]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c-am- m-hns\ [ym\np [ym\np
km[-I B ]c-a-tZ-hs\ a\-n-em-ptm Ahs
kakvX _-\ - fpw \nXy-ambn kYm \in-p-t]m-
Ipp; Fp-sIm-s-m Ahn-Zy, cmKw, Al-m-cw,
tZzjw-, ac-W-`bw Cu Apt-i--fp-tSbpw hn\miw
kw`-h n- p- -X p-I m-c Ww Ahs P\-\ -a -c -W - -f psS
A`mhw F- tbvpw kw`-hn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah
]no-sSm-cn-epw Cu _-\--fn AI-s-Sp-n-. Cu
ico-c- ns \miw kw`-hn-p-I-gn-m Ah XrXo-b-
tem-I - ns AXm-bXv kz-ns Ghpw Db
m\-a mb {_-temIw hsc-b p Ghpw henb
sFizcy-sf XyPn-nv {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw hnbp-hpw
kYm hnip--hp-amb ssIh-ey-]-Zs {]m]nv ]q-
Im-a-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\p bmsXm-cp-hn- [-n-ep-ap A`n-

I em-j- Dm-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-s -m Ah Fm
A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw ^ew {]m]n-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p.
kw_w Adn-bp-hm tbmKy-amb XXzs hopw
hn-p-p.
12. GXPv PvtRbw \nXy-ta-hm--kww
\mXx ]cw thZn-Xhyw ln InwNn-Xv.
t`mm t`mKyw t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm
kw t{]mw {Xnhn[w {_-ta-XX - v.
Cu ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a Xs Xs lrZ-b-
n A-cym-an-bmb cq]-n hkn-p-p. CXns\
Adn-bp--Xn\v shfn-bn-sepw t]mtI--Xmb Bhiyan-
. Ct-ls Adn-bp--Xn\v Ftmgpw ]cn-{i-an--Ww.
Fp-sIm-s-m Ct-l-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn Adn-bp--Xn-
\p asmcp hkvXp-hp-an-. Cu GIs Adn-bp--Xp-
sIm-p-Xs Fm m\fpw Dm-Ip-p. Ctlw
Xs Fm-n-sbpw Imc- Whpw ]c- am- [m-chpw BIp-p.
a\p- jy t`mmhpw (Po- hm- m-hv) t`mKy (P-U-h-kvXp)hpw
BIp-p. Cu cn-sbpw t{]c-I\mb Cuiz-cs\ Adn-
bptm Fmw a\-n-em-p- p. ]ns bmsXmpw Adn-
tb--Xm-bn--h-ti-jn-p-n-. bmsXm-cp-s Cu aqp
t`Z--tfbpw hnh-cn- n-cn-p-pthm Ah Xs ka-{K-amb
{_-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv PU-{]-Ir-Xnbpw tNX-\m-mhpw
Ah cnsbpw B[m-chpw \nbm-a -I-\p-amb ]c-am-
mhpw Ch aqpw {_-ns cq]- Xs- bm- Ip-p.
kw_w ]d-b-s tb- X- Xzs Adn- bpXn\p cn-p-p. F{]-Imcw AXm-Xp-m-\--fn Hfn-n-cn-
D]m-bs hnh-cn-pp
13. hlvt\bYm tbm\n-K-Xky aqn
\ ZriytX ss\h N enMvK-\mix
k `qb Gth--\-tbm\n Krly
kvXtZzm-`bw ssh {]W-th\ tZtl.
F{]-Imcw Xs tbm\n AXm-bXv {]I-S-am-bn-p
m\-hn-ti-j-amb C-\ - -fn nXn-sN-p An-
bpsS cq]w-t]mse ImW-s-Sp-n-. Fm Cm-c-W-
m An-bn-sp Icp-Xp-n-. Fm Cm-c-W-
m An-bnsp Icp-Xp-n-. Xo-bmbpw AXp-
sp AwKo- I-cn-p- sImv AcWn (D-cp Xobp- m- p
XSn--j-W-) aY\w sNbvXp-Ig- n-bptm C-\-cq-]-
am-Ip Xs m\-p-\nv AXn\p hopw Pzen-p-b-
cp-hm Ign-bp-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs D]-cy--amb Pohm-
mhpw ]c-am- mhpw lrZ-b-c q-]-am-Ipp. XfpsS
m\v Hfnp-h -k n- nv {]Xy- -s-S m-X n-c n- p- p. k{X
Fm "Hmw' Fp P]w hgn-bmbn km[\ sNbvXp-I-
gn-m icoc-ns CXns kmm-Xvmcw a\- n-e m- p- p. "Atlw Xs-b m- I pp D]- \ n-j -
Dm-Ip-p.
N P
145
14. kztZ-l-a-cWnw IrXzm {]Whw K
tNm-cm-c- Wnw.
[ym\-\na-Y-\m-`ym-kmZv tZhw
]tiy-n-Kq-V-h-Xv.
Ansb {]I-S-am-p--Xn\p cv Ac-Wn--Sn-Isf
Iqn-bp-c-b
v p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs Xs ico-c-n ]c-a-]p-
cp- j-\mb ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- -Xn-\p- thn ico- cs
ASn-bn shbv-s-Sp XSn-bmn amp-Ibpw Hmm-
cs apI-fnse XSn-bmbn amp-Ibpw thWw. AXm-bXv
ico-cs ASn-- Sn-bmbn kz`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn \n-e-am- n-
smp apI-fn-es XSn-p-Xpeyw HmwIm-cs i_vZw
hgn-bmbn P]n- p-Ibpw a\-m AXns A- cq-]- amb
]a-cm-m-hns\ \nc-cw Nnn-p-Ibpw thWw. C{]-Im-c-
ap Cu aY-\c - q-]-am-Ip [ym\-kz-cq-]m-`ym-k-m
km[I hnd-In Hfnn-cn-p An-p-Xpeyw Xs
lrZ-b-n Hfnn-c n- p ]c-a -tZh ]c-ta-iz-c s\
HmWw {]Xy--am--Ww.
15. Xntejp ssXew Z[-\oh kn
cm]x kvtdmXx kzc-Wojp Nmnx
Gh-a mm\n KrlytXku
ktXy-ss\\w X]km tbm\p ]iy-Xn.
F{]-Imcw Fn Fbpw ssXcn shbpw DW-
n- h c
- \Zn-bpsS Dn-ep Dd-hn Pehpw Ac-Wn--
Sn- bn Anbpw Hfnn- cn-p-pthm AtX- {]-Imcw Xs
]c-am-mhv \psS lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn Hfnn-
p ssXem-Zn- Isf Ah-bvp- ]-d-n-p D]m-b- -fm
D]-e_ - v[-am-p-hm Ign-bp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw GsX-
nepw km[-I hnj-b - -fn hnc--\m-bnv kZm-Nm-c-
\n-c-X-\m-bn, kXy-`m-j-Ww, kZm-Nmcw Fo X]-ky-h-gn-
bmbn km[-\I A\p-jvTn-p-sImv apI-fn ]d-n-
p coXn-bn At-ls \nc-cw [ym\n-p-sImp
hkn-p-p. Ah hgn-bmbn Ah\p ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-
p-hm Ign-bp-p.
16. k-hym-]n-\-am-m\w otc
kn-cn-hmnXw
B-hn-Zym-X-t]m-aqew XZv {_tm]
\njXv ]cw.
XZv{_-tm-]-\n-jXv ]cw.
B- hn-Zybpw X]hpw At-ls {]m]n- p--Xn- \p
aqekm[- \-bm-Ip-p. bmsXmv ]men ss\bvp-Xpeyw
]cn- ]q-am-bn-cn-p-pthm km-- cym-an-bmb
B ]c- am- m- hns\ apIfn ]d-n-cn-p B km[-I
pfn hn--s-n-cn-p ]ca XXz-amb {_w
 146

I An-a-hm-Iys ]\-cm-hn-p-Xv Aym-b-ns pXn\p [ym\-n ka-cm-bn- o- cp- p. \psS K

kam-]X
v nsb kqNn-n-p- -Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Ip-p.
ZznXo-bm- ymbw
kw_w BZys A[ym-b-n ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-
am-m-hns kmm-Xvm-c-n-\p {][m-t\-]m- b-ambn
[ym\s hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-p. B [ym\- ns {]{Inb
a\-n-em-p--Xn\v Cu cm-aX - -ymbw Bcw-`n-p-p.
CXn BZy-ambn [ym\-ns knn-p-th-n-bp
Ap a{--fn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-t {]Im-
c-sf hnh-cn-pp.
1. bpRvPm\x {]Yaw a\-kvXX
- zmb
khnXm [nbx
At tPymXn\n-Nm ]rYnhym A[ym-`c
- -X.
AJn-e -tbpw krjvSn ]c-a m-mhv BZy-ambn
\psS a\-n-tbpw _pn-bp-tSbpw hrn- If - psS XXz-
{]m-]X
v n-p-thn Xt-Xmb Znhy-kz-cq-]-n cq]-s-Sp-
p-Ibpw An apX-emb C{n-bm-`n-am-\n-I-fmb tZh-
XIsf hnj-b - sf {]Im-in-n-p--Xn-\p kmay
s ZrjvSn- bn Ip- sImv _mly- hn-j-b--fn \npw
]nh-env \psS C{n-b--fpsS {]Imiw _mly-ambn
\jvS-s-SmsX _pnpw a\-n\pw klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-p-
-Xn\v C{n-b--fn \nt-]n-p.
2. bpt\ a\km hbw tZhky
khnXpx kth.
kpht-b mb iym.
\-sfmw AJn-e-tbpw krjvSn ]c- a-tZ-h-\mb ]c- n kwe--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Fm Km\w sN-s
a-tZ-hs Bcm[\m-cq-]-amb b-n apgp-Inb a\-p- ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-am-h\w hnZzm-m-cpsS Ion-p-
h-gn-bmbn ]c-am-\--{]m-]vXn-p-thn ]q-i-n-tbmsS Xpeyw temI-n hym]n--s. AXns\ Znhy-tem-I- -fn
{]b-Xv\n--Ww. AXm-bXv \psS a\v \nc-cw `K-h-Zm- \nh-kn-p Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c-am-m-hns Fm ]p{X-
cm-[- \-bn apgp-Ip-bpw \mw `K-hXv {]m]vXn-bn\npw P\y- mcpw \-Xp-t]mse {ihn--s.
am- Ip ]c-am-\- -ns A\p- `q-Xn- p-thn ]qin
tbm-Sp-IqSn {]b-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
3. bpzmb a\km tZhm kph-cytXm
[nbm Znhw
_rl-tymXnx Icn-jyXx khnXm
{]kp-hmXn Xm.
A J n- e - n- s bpw {kjv S m- h m- b n - c n- p B
]ctaizc a\-n-sbpw C{n-b - -fp-sSbpw A[n-jvTm-
\-tZ-h-X-Is- fbpw kzm-Zn-temIfnepw BIm-i- nepw
k-cn-p henb {]Imiw hym]n-n-p--h-tbbpw
\psS a\-tmSpw _pn-tbmSpw kwbp--am-n-bnv
\app {]Imiw {]Zm\w sNp--Xn\p t{]cW \In.
Xm-cWw sImp \mw ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kmm-Xv-cn-
a\pw _pnbpw C{n-b - fpw {]Imiw hym]n-np
sImn-cn-pw. \n{Z, Ae-k-X, AI-WyX apX-emb
tZmj- \psS [ym\-n hnLv\w Dm-m-Xn-cn
--s.
4. bpRvPtX a\ DX bpRvPtX [ntbm
hn{]m hn{]ky _rltXm hn]-nXx
hntlm{Xm Zt[ hbp-\m-hn-tZI
Clo tZhky khnXpx ]cn-jvSp-Xnx.
t{ijvT-_p-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb {_m-Wm-Zn-I-fmb A[n-Im-
cn- I X- fpsS a\- ns\ bmsXmcp ]c-{_- - ]- c- am-m- hn
tNp-pthm AXp-t]mse X-fpsS Fm {]Im-c-n-
ep-ap _pn-bpsS BkvXn-Iys \nbp--am-p-p-
hthm bmsXm-cp- An tlm{Xm-Zn-ip-`-I- -fpsS
hn[m\w sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp- PK-ns hnNm-c-
sf Adn-bp--h\pw GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw Bbn-cn-p-
pthm A-s\-bp alm\pw k-hym-]nbpw k-
\pw AJn- e - n- sbpw Dm-Z-I-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-c-
ta-iz-cs\ \mw Ahiyw ]cn-]q-ambn kvXpXn--Ww.
5. bptP hmw {_ ]qhyw \tam-`n
hn tmI GXp ]tYyh kqtcx.
irWzp hntiz Aar-Xky ]p{Xm
B tb [mam\n Znhym\n Xpx.
Atbm a\-t, _pn, Rm \n cp t]cp-
tSbpw kzmanbpw AJn-e-P-K- ns BZn-Im- c-W-hp-amb ]c-
{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ XpS-bmbn \a-kvI-cn-p-sImv
hn\-b-]qw At-l-ns ic-W-n sNv At-l-
kw_w [ym\- n-\p- thn ]c- am- m-hn- t\mSp {]mn-
p--Xn-\p {]Im-c-sf ]d--tijw C\n Bdmw-a-{-
n B [ym\-ns nXnsb hn-p-Ibpw Ggmw
a{-n a\p-jys\ B [ym\-n hym]r-X-\m-p--
Xn\p \ntiw \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.
6. Anb-{Xm-`n-a-YytX hmbpb-{Xm-[ncp[ytX
tkmtam b{Xm-Xn-cn-NytX X{X kwPm-btX a\x.
bmsXm-cp-h--bn An-bp- m-p- -X n-\p-thn
Ac-Wn--Sn-Iaqew aY\w \S-p--Xp-t]mse An-
m-\o- b- amb ]c- am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p-thn BZy-
a-{- - fn ]d-n- cn- p coXn- tbm- Sp- IqSn ico- cs ASn-
bn-es Ac-Wn--Sn-bmbpw HmwIm-cs apI-fn-es
Ac-W n-bmbpw I]n- nv AXns P]hpw AXns

N P
 147

I A-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hns \nc--c-am-bp Nnm-cq- p. Ch-sb-m-n-s\bpw XyPn-nv Fs-t-bvp-am- K

]hpw sImv aY\w \S--s-Sp-p. FhnsS {]mW-hm-bp-
hns\ hn[n-]qw \m-bnv \ntcm-[n-p-pthm FhnsS
B\-c - q-]-amb tkma-ckw AXy-[n-I-ambn {]I-S-am-p-
pthm B [ym\m-h--bn a\p-jys a\v kYm
hnip-- am-bn-o-cp- p.
7. khn{Xm {]k-th\ PqtjX {_ ]qhyw.
bp Aa-c-]-Zs {]m]n--Ww.
9. {]mWm {]]o-tUyl kwbp--tNjvSx
otW {]mtW \mkn-I-tbm-z-ko-X.
ZrjvSm-iz-bp--anh hml-ta\w
hnZzm at\m [mc-tb-Xm-{]-a-x.

X{X tbm\nw IrW-htk \ ln tX hnZzm-\mb km[-I Cu m\-tbmK km[-\-bvp-

]q-a- n-]- Xv. thn Blm-cm-Zn-I-fmb Fm {]hr-n-I-tfbpw bYm-
tbmKyw sNbvXp-sIm- n-cn-- Ww. Ahsb [ym\-tbm-K-n-
Atbm km[-I, AJne {_m-WvU-ns Dev]m-Z- \p-]-bp-- - fm- n-o-Ww. tbmK-im- k{v X- ns hn[n-
I\pw km--cym-an-bp-amb ]ctaiz-cs t{]c-W-bm {]-Imcw {]mW-bmaw sNbvXp-sNbvXv {]mW AXyw
AXm-bXv apI-fn ]d-n-cn-p coXn-bn At-ls kqva-am-bn-o-cp-tm \mkn-I- fnqSn AXns\ shfn-
kvXpXn-p-sImv At-l-n\nv A\p-aXn {]m]n-p- bn-tep Xn--f-b-Ww. AXn\ptijw ZpjvSm-iz--fm
sImv \n B BZn-]-c-{_-a-]-c-am-m-hns\s ]q-s cYs ka-\mb kmcYn F{]-Imcw AXn-
tkh\w (k-am-cm-[-\) sN-Ww. B ]c-ta-iz-c-\ns {i-- tbm-Sp-IqSn \bn-p-sImp kpc- n- X-am-nqSn
B{ibw {]m]n--Ww. At-l-n ic-Ww-{]m-]n-nv sImp-t]m-Ip-pthm AXp- t]m-se-Xs km[- I\pw Xs
At-l-ns kzbw hneo-\-am-bn-o-c-Ww. C{]- a\-ns\ {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xs kzm[o-\-h-e-b-n kpc-
Imcw {]hn- m, \n ap]p- ap-Xte sN-s- n-p n- X- amn \n-Ww. A-s\-bm-sW-n tbmK-km-[-
Fm kn-X-I- fpw hnLv\-Im-cn-bm- bn-o-cp- n-, \-bn bmsXm-cp-hn-[a- mb hnLv\ - fpw kw`-hn-msX
_-\-cq-]-am-bn- o-cp-n-. Ah ]c-am-m-hns {]Xn-cq-]-e-y-n Fp-Ibpw
kw_w [ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ A\p-jT v n-p-- sNpw.
h F{]-Imcw Ccn--Ww, Fs\ [ym\n-- Ww. Cu hnj- kw_w ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn a\-ns\ ebn-n-p-
b-s-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-pp -Xn\v F-s\-bp m\v F-s\-bp `qan-bn
8. {Xncp-Xw m]y kaw icocw Ccpp km[\ \S-Ww F-Xns\ hnh-cn-p-p.
lrZo-{n-bmWn a\km kw\n-th-iy. 10. kta ipNu i-cm-h-n-hm-epIm
{_tm-Up-t]\ {]X-tcX hnZzm hnhntX i_vZ-P-em-{i-bm-Zn-`nx.
t{kmXmwkn kmWn `bm-h-lm-\n. at\m\pIqte \ Xp Np-]o-Ut\
bmsXm-cp- [ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ A\p-jvTn- Kplm-\n-hm-Xm-{i-btW {]tbm-P-tb-Xv.
p-pthm B _pn-am-\mb km[-I inc-v, Kfw, ChnsS [ym\-tbm-K -n-\p-] -bp--amb m\s
amnSw Chsb Dbn-\n-s, AXp-t]mse ico- hn-p- p. [ym\-tbm-K- ns km[-\-b\pjvTnp
cs t\scbpw nc-ambpw hbv-s. Fp-sIm-s- km[-I ka-\n-ct- m-Sp-Iq-Snb `qanbpw \navt\mX--f-
m ico-cs t\scbpw nc-ambpw hbv-s. Fp- mXpw hf-hp-Xn-cn-hn-m-Xpw Fm {]Im-c-nepw
sIm-s- m ico-cs t\scbpw nc-ambpw \nm- hrn-bp-Xpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]hn-{X-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw
sXbpw incpw Kfhpw h--ehpw Dbm-sXbpw tZhm-e-bw, Xo-m\w BZn-bm-b-h-t]mse Np-N-hdpw
Ccp-m Be-kyhpw \n{Zbpw ap-am-bp hnLv\- NcpIfpw Cm- Xpw An-b p-tSbpw shbn-en-
hp`-hn-p-p. AXn-\m Cu hnLv\-- fn\npw c- sbpw NqSn- m-Xpw a\-ns\ Cf-p i_vZ-tIm-em-
s]-Sp--Xn\p tad {]Im-c-n Ccn--Ww. CXn-\p- l-e--fn-m-Xpw tImem-l-e-ns ]q-amb A`m-h-
tijw Fm C{n-b--tfbpw _mly-hn-j- b--fn\npw ap-m-bn-cn-p-Xpw Bh-iy-n\p Pew e`n-p-Xpw
amn-bnv a\-n-\m Ahsb lrZ-b - n \ntcm-[np Fm hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-I hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw
\n-Ww. ]ns HmwIm-c-cq-]-am-Ip \uI-bpsS B{i- sNp Pem-i-bw-t]mse Am-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ico-c-c--
b-tm-Sp-IqSn AXm-bXv HmwIm-c-ns P]-tmSpw bvp-]- bp- - amb B{i- b-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Fm [-
AXns hmNy-amb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns [ym\-tm- im-e-t]mse AkwJyw Bfp-I hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw
Spw-IqSn Fm `bm-\-I--fmb {]hm-l--tfbpw XcWw sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-amb CSw Bbn-cn-Ww km[\ sNp-
sNbvXv Asc Fn-t-c- Ww. \m\m-tbm-\n- I-fn \npw -Xn\p sXc-s-Sp-t-- Xv.
km-Zn-n-p F{Xtbm hmk-\-If - p-v. Ah-sbmw P\-
\-a-cW cq]--fm-Ip `bw P\n-n-p {]hm-l--fm-Ip- kw_w tbmKm-`ymkw \S-p km[-Is km[\

N P

I icntbm sXtm F-dn-bp--Xn-\p D]mbw ]d-bp-p.
11. \olm-c[p amm-\n-em-\e - m\mw
JtZym-X -hn-Zyp-Xvk v^ -Sn-I -i-ko-\mw.
GXm\n cq]mWn ]pc--cmWn
{_-Wy-`n-hy-n-I-cmWn tbmtK.
km[-I ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns {]m]vXn-p-thn
[ym\-tbm-K-ns km[-\-bm-cw-`n-ptm Ah\v Xs
apn Nne-tm aqSa-n\p Xpey-amb cp]w A\p-`-
h-s-Sp-p. Nne-tm ]pI-t]mse ImW-s-Sp-p. Nne-
tm kqcy-s\-tmse {]Imiw k{X ]cn-]q-ambn
ImW-s-Sp-p. Nne-tm \n-e-amb hmbp-hn-s\-tmse
\ncm-Im-c-cq]w A\p-`-h-n hcp-p. Nne-tm Anp
kZr-i-amb tXP-tm-Sp-IqSn ImW-s-Sp-p. Nne kabw
anm-an-\p-n\p kZriw ann-an-n-am-bp--Xmbn tXmp-
p. Nne-tm CSn-a n--e n-\ p-Xpeyw I-n-n- p
{]Imiw P\n-n-p--Xmbn ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-Ip-p. Nne-
tm kv^Sn-I-a-Wnp kZr-i-amb Dz-e-cq]w ImgvN-
bns-Sp-p. Nne- tm N{-\p-Xpeyw ioX-f- {]-Imiw {]k-
cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmbn ImW-s-Sp-p. Chbpw AXp-
t]mse a-t\Iw Zriy-fpw tbmK-km-[-\- bpsS D-Xnsb
tZymXn-n-p--hb - m-Ip- p. Ch-bn\npw km[-Is
[ym\w icn-bm-bn-cn-pp Fp a\-n-em-p-p.
12. ]rYzy]vtXtPm\netJ kap-ntX
]m-tI tbmK-KptW {]hrt
\ Xky tcmtKm \ Pcm \ arXypx
{]m]vXky tbmKm-n-abw ico-cw.
[ym\-tbm-K-ns km[\ sNbvXp-sNbvXv ]rYzn, Pew,
tXP-v, hmbp, BImiw Fo ]-a-lm-`q-X--fpsS
Dm\w kw`-hn-p-tm AXm-bXv Cu km[- I ]-a-
lm-`q-X--fp-sS-ta A[n-Imcw {]m]n-p-I-gnbp-tm Cu
]-a-lm-`q-X--fp-ambn kw_w ]pep tbmK-hn-
j-b--fmb Ap-kn-n-Ifpw {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-
tm tbmKm-n-a-b-amb ico-cs {]m]n-n-p B
tbmKn-bpsS ico-c-n tcmK-ap-m-Ip-n-, hm-Iy-hp-
ap-m-Ip-n-. Ah\p arXyp-hp-ap-m-Ip-n-. Ahs
Cp hncp--ambn Ahs icocw \in-p-n-.
13. eLp-Xz-am-tcm-Ky-a-tem-ep-]Xzw
h-{]-kmZw kzc-ku-jvThw N.
Kx ipt`m aq{X-]p-co-j-aev]w
tbmK-{]-hrnw {]Yamw hZ-n.
`qXfp-sS-ta hnPbw ssIh-cn-n-p tbmKn-I-fn
]qh-h-thm--i-nIsfq-SmsX ap in-Ifpw hp-
tN-cp-p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: Ahs icocw emL-h-tm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-o-cp-p, ico-c-n `mc-n- stbm AYhm
Be-ky-n-stbm `mhw \ne-\np-n-. Ah kZm
N P
148
\otcm-K-\m-bn--gn-bp-p. Ah\v Hcn-epw bmsXmcp tcmK- K
hp-a p- m-Ip- n- . `uXnI hkvX p- -fn-e p Ahs
Bkn \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-p. GsX-nepw `uXnI hkvXp
Ahs apn hmepw Ahs a\pw C{n-b - fpw
AXn-\m BIjn--s-Sp-n- . Ahs ico-c-ns
hw Dz-ea - m-bn-o-cp-p. kzcw AXyw a[p-chpw
kv]jvS-hp-am-bn-o-cp-p. ico-c - n \npw hfsc \
kpKw ]pd-sv \mep-]mSpw {]k-cn-p-p. aehpw
aq{Xhpw hfsc kzev]-amb am{X-bn BIp-hm XpS-p-
p. Ch-sbmw tbmK-am-ns {]mcw-`k - n-n-I-fm-Ip-
p. Cs\ tbmKn-I ]d-bp-p.
14. bssYh hnw_w arZ-tbm-]-en]vXw
tXtPm-abw {`mPtX XXv kp[m-w.
XZzmXXzw {]k-aoy tZlo
GIx IrXmtYm `htX hoX-timIx.
GsX- nepw tXtPm-a-b-am- b-cXv\w an ]pX-p- t]m-
b-Xp-Im-caw F{]-Imcw Hfnn-cn-p-pthm AXns
Ak cq]- n {]I-S-am-Im-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXns\ av
apX-em-bh amw sNbvXp Igp-In-p-Sv hrn- bm-n-sb-
Sp- p-tm AXv Akcq-]- n {]Im-in-p-hm
XpSp-p. AtX-{]-Imcw Cu Pohm-m-hns hmkvX-hnI
kzcq]w AXy--kz--am- bn--gn-mepw A\--P---fn
sN-s I--fpsS kwkvm-c--fm aen-\a - m-bn-cn-
p-Xp ImcWw {]Xy--ambn {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm
[ym\-tbm-K- ns km[-\-h-gn-bmbn Fm Agp-p-I-
tfbpw Igp-In-bnv Bm-hns bYm kzcq-]s \-
Xp-t]mse {]kv]-jSv -am-p-tm AXv Akw-K-am- bn-o-cp-
p. AXm-bXv Ah\v PU-]-Zm--fp-ambn bmsXmcp
kwtbm-K-ap-m-bn-cp-p-thm, AsXmw \in-nv Ah
ssIh-eym-h-sb {]m]n-p-p. AXp-t]mse Ahs
Fm-{]-Imcfn-ep-ap ZpxJ--fpsS Ah-km\w kw`-hn-
nv Ah XnIpw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs
a\p-jy-Pw km-Ia - mbn `hn-p-p.
15. bZmX-tXz\ Xp {_-XXzw
Zot]m-]-ta-t\l bpx {]]-tiy-Xv.
APw {[phw kh-Xs - sXzhn-ipw
mXzm tZhw apNytX kh-]m-ssix.
]noSv BtbmKn CtX nXn-bn Zo]-Zzmcm {_-X-Xz-k-
Zr-ihpw \n-e-{]-Im-i-a-b-hp-ambn ]qtm--amb B-
XXzw icn-bmbn Zin-ptm AXm-bXv B ]c-{_--]-c-
am- m-hns\ {]Xy- - am- p-tm Pm-Zn- I- fnse Fm hnIm-
c--fn\npw cln-X\pw AN-e\pw \nn-X\pw AXp-
t]mse ka-kX v - X-Xz--tfmSpw Akw- K\pw kYm hnip-
-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns\ XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn
Adn-nv Fm-hn-[-amb _- \--fn\npw \nXy-ambn
tamNn--s-Sp- p.
 149

I Cu a{-n B-X-Xz-nqSn {_-X-Xzs Adn- bmsXm- cp- AZzn-Xob ]c- am-mhv Pes krjvSn-K
bp--Xn-\p amw ]d-nv ]c-am-m-hns kmm- nv Xs kzcq-]-`q-X-amb imk-\m-in hgn-bmbn AXn-
Xvmcw a\-,v _pn, C{n-b - hgn kw`-hn-p-hm t `cWw \S- n- sm- n-cn- p-pthm AXp- t]mse hnhn-
kmy-a-s-p `mhw {]I-S-am-p- p. Ch- sbmw AhnSw [--fmb B imk-\m-i-n-Ih-gn-bmbn Fm temI--
hsc Fp-n-. GI-am-{X-amb B B-X-Xz-Zzmcm Xs tfbpw temI-]m-e - m-tcbpw bYm-tbmKyw km-e\w
Atlw {]Xy--am-Ip-p. sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-c-s `c-W- n
Ch-sbmw Xmm--fpsS I-hy-sf \nb-a-]qw
16. Gj l tZhx {]Zntjm\ khmx
]men-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
]pthm l PmXx k D Kt` Ax X\n-tb-Xs am-cp-tSbpw klmbw IqSmsX AJn-e-tem-
k Gh PmXx k P\n-jy-amWx I--sbpw D-n-bnepw AXns\ hfp--Xnepw
{]Xy-MvP -\mw-kvXn-jvTXn ktXm-ap-Jx. ka-\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]c-{_--]c - -ta-iz-c s\
bmsXmcp alm-]p-cp-j XXz-tm-Sp-IqSn {Kln-p-pthm
Cu ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb {_w Fm Znp-I-fnepw Ahm--
Atlw Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp P\-\-a-c-W-h-e-bn\npw
c-Zn- p-I -fnepw hym]n-n-c n-pp; AXm-b Xv Fpw
\nXy-ambn tamNn--s-Sp-p.
Atlw ]cn-] q-\m-Ip-p. {]]-- n Atlw
Cm bmsXmcp m\hpw C. {]kn--amb ]c-{_-- 2. GtIm ln cpt{Zm \ ZznXo-bmb Xp
]-c-am-m-hmbn Ghpw BZy-ambn lnc-Wy-K`-cq-]-n b Camw temIm-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx
{]Xy--am-bn- cp- p. Atlw Xs Cu {_- cq-]-amb K`- {]Xy-MvP-\mw-kvXn-jvTXn kp-tIm-Nm--Imte
n A-cym-an-bmbn nXn-sN-p-p. At-lw-Xs
kwkrPy hnizm `ph-\m\n tKm]mx
Cu kabw PK-ns cq]-n {]I-S-am-Ip-Ibpw `mhn-
bn AXm-bXv {]f-b-n-\p-ti-j-ap krjvSn-Im-e - n bmsXm-cp- Xs kzcq-]-`q-X--fmb hnhn-[-im-k-
hopw {]I-S-am-Ip-hm t]mIp-Ibpw sNp-p. Atlw \-i-n-I hgn-bmbn Fm temI--fp-sS-taepw `cWw
Fm Pohn-I- fp-tSbpw Dn A- cyman cq]-n nXn- \S-p-pthm Ahsb \nb-am-\p-k-caw \nb-{n-p-sIm-
sNpw AXp-t]mse Fm `mK-tbvpw apJ-tm-Sp-Iq- n-cn-p-p-hthm B cp{Z-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c GIX-
Snbpw AXm-bXv Fm-n-s\bpw Fm-`m-K-p-\npw s-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Cu hnizs \nb-{n-p
Ip-sImpw Ccn-p--h-\m-Ip-p. in- I At\Iw Dm-bn-cp-mepw Ah-sbmw Htc ]c-
ta-iz-cs Xs-bm-Ip-p, Fm At-l - n\npw
17. tbm tZthm Au tbm A]vkp
A`n-- am-Ip- p. Cu Imc- Ww-sIm- p-Xs m\nI PK-
tbm hnizw `ph-\-am-hn-thi ns Imc-Ws \n-bnp kabw ap bmsXmcp XXz-
b Hmjm-[ojp tbm h\-kv]-Xnjp tbpw B{i-bn-m-Xn-cp-p, GI-]-c-{_w Xs-bmWv
Xkvssa tZhmb \tam \ax. PK-ns Imc-W-sav Fm-hcpw Htc kzc-n \n-
bn-p-Is- Xs sNbvXp. B ]c-am-mhv Fm Pnhn-I-fp-
bmsXmcp k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-a-tZ-h
tSbpw Dn A-cym-an-cq- ]-n nXn-sN-p- p. Fm
An-bn Bbn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv Pe-n BIp-
temI--tfbpw krjvSnv Ahsb cn-p- sIm-n-cn- p
pthm, bmsXmp ka- kX v -tem-I- -fnepw A- cym-an-bmb
]a-tc-iz-c {]f-b- Im- e- kz- am- bn-s Ch- sbmw
cq]-tm-Sp-I q-S n {]hn-j vS-a m-b n-s m- n-c n- p- pthm
Hn-p-tNp-p. AXm-bXv Xn-te-p-Xs hneo-\-am-
bmsXmv Huj-[nIfnepw h\-kv]-Xn-I-fnepw Bbn-cn-p-
p-p. B kabw At-l-ns `n-`n--cq-]--fn-ep
pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmp k{X ]cn-]q-am-bn-cn-
cq]sfmpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
p-pthm bmsXm-ns\ At\-I-{]-Im-c- t\cs
hn-n-cn-p-pthm B ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \a- 3. hnkz-X--p-cpX hniz-tXm-aptJm
kv-cn-p-p. Aym-b-ns kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-p- hniz-tXm-_m-lp-cpX hniz-X-kv]mXv
-Xn\v \a-kI v m-c-]-Zs Bhn-n-cn--pp. kw _mlp`ymw [aXn kw ]X-ss{X
Zymh-`qan P\-b tZh GIx.
XrXo-b m-ymbw ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c GI-\m-Ipp; Fncp
1. b GtIm Pme-hm-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx mepw At-l-ns Ip-I Fm-bn-S--fn-ep-ap-v.
ssIIfpw ]mZ-fpw Dv. Atlw Fm temI--fnepw
khmw-tem-Im-\o-iX Cui-\o`nx
Fm-bn-S--fnepw nXn-sN-p ka-kvX-Po-hn-I-fpsS
b GsshI Dth kw`th N I--tfbpw hnNm-c--tfbpw Fm kw`-h--tfbpw
b GX-Zzn-Zp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n. Xs Znhy-i-n-h-gn-bmbn \nc-cw Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-

N P
 150

I p. bmsXmcp Imcy-fpw At-l-n\npw Hfn-n- 6. bmanjpw Kncn-i lkvtX _n`jykvXth K

cn-p-n-. At-l-ns ` At-l-n\v Fhn-
sSsbnepw t`mP-\-tbm-Ky- amb hkvXp kan- p-pthm
Atlw AXns\ Ahn-sS-sh-p-Xs A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Atlw Fm epw Fm hkvXp--tfbpw Hmbn
kzoI- cn- p- - Xnepw Xs `-P-\--fpsS k-S- sf \in-
nv Ahsc cn-p--Xnepw ka-\m-Ip-p. AXp-
t]mse FhnsS \ns- nepw At-l-ns `- m At-
ls hnfn-p-hm-\m{Klnp-pthm Ahn-sS-s
Atlw AtX-k-abw Fn-t-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. temI-
n Hcp m\hpw At-l-ns in- bm hncm-Pn-
- n- m- - X mbn ImW-s - S p- n- . BImiwap-X
`qtemIw hsc-bp Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSnn-cn-
p GI-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c a\p-jymZn Pohn-Isf Cu
cp `pP-fmepw ]n-Isf Nnd-IpIfmepw bp-am-n-
bn-cn-p-p. Atlw Fm PohnItfbpw Bh-iym-\p-k-c-
W-amb `n-`n in-I-fmepw km[-\--fnepw k--
am-n-bn-cn-p-p. ChnsS `pPfp-tSbpw Nnd-Ip-I-fp-tSbpw
IY\w D]eWw am{X- am-Ip-p. CXn\npw kakvX
{]mWn-I-fn-ep-ap Fm in-Ifpw ]c-am-m-hn-\m
\I-s--Xm-sWp a\-n-em--Ww.
4. tbm tZhm\mw {]`-h-tm-Zv`h
hnizm-[nt]m cpt{Zm aljnx
lnc-Wy-K`w P\-bm-amk ]qhw
k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.
AJn-e-tbpw Xs `c-W-n shp-sIm-n-cn- kw_ w C\n m\nIfmb alm- mfpsS
p cp{Z- c q- ] - \ mb ]c- ta-i z- c C{m-Z n-t Z- h - I sf A\p`hsf ]dnv ]c-a- m- \-^-e- ns ZrV-Xsb
krjvSnpw cn-pw- sIm- n- cn- pp. AXp- t]mse bmsXm- {]kv]-jSv - am-p-p.
cp- Fm-n-s-bpw A[n-]-Xnbpw alm-m-\nbpw
k--\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- krjvS n-
bpsS Bcw-`- n lnc-Wy- K`s krjvSn- pthm B ]c-
a-tZ-h -\mb ]c-am-mhv \s-s bmw k_p-n-bm
kwbp--am--tW.
5. bm tX cp{Z inhm
X\qctLmcm-]m-]-Im-in-\o.
Xbm \kvX\ - phm i-abm
Kncn-i-m-`n-Nm-I-io-ln. AXo-X-\m-W.v AtX-t]mse kqcy\p Xpeyw kzbw-{]-Im-i-
tl cp{Z- tZ-h, `bm-\-I-X-bn\nv iq\yhpw ]pWy- I-
-fm {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-amb A- bpsS awK-
f-a-bn-bmb kuay-aqnsb Zin-np a\p-jy ]c-am-\-
-\n-a--\m-bn-o-cp-p. tl Kncn-i-, ]-X- n hkn-
p-s Imv kakvX temI-pIw kpJw {]Zm\w
sNp ]c-ta-iz-cm, ]c- a-im aqn-bm-bn-cp-p-sIm-p-
Xs Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn R-fpsS t\tc t\mn-bm-epw.
A-bpsS Ir]m-Zr-jvSn-bpsS ]X- \w-sIm- p-Xs R
kYm ]cn-ip--cmbn Asb {]m]n-p--Xn\p tbmKy-
X-bp- -h-cm-bn-o- c-tW.
inhmw Kncn-{XXm Ipcp am lnwkox
]pcpjw PK-Xv.
tl Kncni, ssIem-k-hm-kn-bpw, kpJ-Zm-b-I-\p-amb
]c-ta-iz-cm, bmsXmcp _mWs Fdn-bp--Xn-\p-thn
Av ssIbn FSp-n-cn- pp? tl Kncn-cm-P-\mb lnam-
e-b-ns cn-Xm-th, Av B _mWs awK-f-a-b-
amn amn-bm-epw. AXns {Iqc-Xsb \in-nv AXns\
im- am-n-bm-epw, Pohn-I-fm \nd-b-sp Cu PK-ns\
\in- n-m-Xn-cp-mepw. CXns\ IjvS-s-Sp-m- Xncp-m- epw.
7. XXx ]cw {_-]cw _rlw
bYm-\n-Imbw k-`q-tXjp KqVw
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xm-c
aoiw Xw mXzm-arXm `h-n.
bmsXm-cp- ap]p ]d-n-cn-p Pohn-k-ap-Zm-b-
cq-] -am-Ip PK-nepw lnc-Wy-K`-\m-a-{_-
- nepw
kYm t{ijvT-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Fm Pohn-I-fnepw
Ah-bpsS ico-c-n-\-\pcq]-ambn Hfn-n-cn-p-pthm
Fm temI-tbpw Fm `mKfn IqSnbpw hebw
sN-s-n-cn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse k{X hym]vXhpw
alpw Bbn-cn- p-pthm A-s\-bp GI-am-{X-\mb
B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-nv m\nI Fs-t-b v p-
am-bp Ac-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. ]noSv Ahp P\-\-
a-c-W- Dm-Ip-n-.
8. thZm-l-taXw ]pcpjw alm-
amZn-Xy-hw Xakx ]c-kvXm-Xv.
Xtah hnZn-XzmXn arXyp-taXn
\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\mb
m\n-bmb Hcp alm ]d-bpp Cu alm-m-sc-
mfpw alm-\mb ]ca ]pcp-tjm--as\ Rm\-dn-bp-p.
Atlw Ahn-Zym-cq-]-am-Ip A- Im-c-n\pw kYm
cq-]-\m-Ip-p. At-ls Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-Xs a\p-
jy arXyp-hns\ DwL\w sNp--Xn Cu P\-\-a-c-
W--fpsS _-\ - -fn\nv kzmX{yw {]m]n-p--
Xn Ign-hp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ]ca ]Zs {]m]n-p-
-Xn\v CX-msX ap bmsXm-cp-]m-b-hp-an-.
9. bkvamXv ]cw \m]-c-akvXn InwNnZv
bkvam-m-Wotbm \ PymtbmkvXn In-Xv.
hr Ch kvX_vt[m Znhn XnjvS-tXy-I
kvtXt\Zw ]qw ]pcp-tjW kw.

N P

I B ]ca tZh-\mb ]c- ta- iz- c- s\- m t{ijvT-\mbn am
cp-an-. Atlw k-t{ijvT\m-Ip-p. F{Xtbm kqva-
X- Xz-- fptm Ah-sb- m- n-s\-mfpw Atlw kqvaw
Xs- bm-Wv. At-l-s-m A[nIw kqva-ambn ap
bmsXm-p-an-. CXn-\mX-s Atlw Ghpw sNdnb
Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-n {]th-inp nXn-sN-p-p. CXp-
t]mse F{Xtbm alpw hym]-I-hp-amb XXz--fp-v.
Ah-sb-m-n-s\mfpw alpw hym]-I-hp-amWv B ]c-
{_-w. AXn-s\-m alpw hym]-I-hp-ambn asm-pw-
X-s-bn-. CXn-\m {]f-b-Im-e-n Cu kq
{_m-WU v s Atlw Xsbpn hneo-\-am-p-p.
bmsXmp X\n-tb-Xs hr-n\p Xpeyw \n-e-`m-h-
tm-Sp-IqSn ]c-a-[m-a-cq-]hpw {]Im-i-a-b-hp-amb Znhym-Im-
i-n nXn-sN-p-pthm B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn
Cu kakvX PKpw hym]n-p-In-S-p-p. ]c-a-]p-cp-j-
\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cXs \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Cu
hnizw apgp-h hym]n-n-cn-p-p.
10. XtXm bZp--cX
- cw XZ-cq-]-a-\m-a-bw.
b GX-Zzn-Zp-car
XmkvtX `hytYXtc ZpxJ-ta-hm-]n-b-n.
apt hn- n- p B lnc-W y-K `-t - m
bmsXmv Fm {]Im-c-nepw AXyw DIr-jSv -am-bn-
cn-p-pthm B ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv BIm-c-c-ln-X\pw
Fm hnIm-c--fmepw iq\y-\p-am-Ip-p. bmsXmcp alm-]p-
cp-j Cu ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp- pthm
Atlw Aa-c-\mbn `hn-pp \nXy-ambn P\-\-acW-
fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p. Fm bmsXm-cp- Ct-
ls Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm An-s\-bp--h-scmw
\n-b-ambpw IqsS-qsS ZpxJ-sf A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-
cn-p-p. AXn-\m a\p-jy \nXy-ambn ZpxJ--fn
\npw tamNn--s-Sp--Xn\pw ]c-am-\--kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-
m-hns\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ambn At-ls Adn-b-Ww.
11. km-\\-in-tcm-{Kohx k-`q-X-Kplmibx.
k-hym]o k `K-hmw-kvX-kvamXv
kh-KXx inhx.
Fm m\-fpw kt-iz-c-\mb B `K-hms apJ-
am-Ip-p. Fm m\-fpw incpw Kfhpw BIp-p.
Hmtcm m\pw Hmtcm Ah-b-h-hgn \S- - s-tS
Imcy- \S- p-- Xn Atlw ka-\m- W.v Atlw
Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw lrZb cq]-am-Ip Iym-W-kz-cq-]-
\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Fm m\--fnepw Fn-sm-
n-cn-p-p. km[-I At-ls GXp-k-abw Fhn-sS,
GXp- cq-]-n {]Xy- - ambn ImWp-hm-\m-{K- ln-p-pthm
AtX- k-abw AtX- -ev AtX- cq-]- n At-l- n\p
{]Xy--s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-p.
N P
151
- 12. alm {]`pssh-]p-cpjx K
kXz-s skyh {]h-Ix.
kp\n-em-anamw {]m]vXn-ao-imt\m
tPymXn-c -hy-bx.
\n-b-ambn Ctlw Fm-n- t\bpw `cn-p--h\pw
alm\pw {]`phpw AXp-t]mse Ahn-\m-inbpw {]Im-k-kz-
cq] ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]p-cp-tjm-a\pam-W.v t\ct ]d-n-cn-
p Cu ]ca \n-e-`m-h - ns AXm-bXv Xs B\-
- a-b- amb hnip--cq-]- ns {]m]vXn-p-thn a\p-jys
Ax-Ic - -Ws t{]cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Hmtcm a\p-
jy-t\bpw Ctlw Xn-te-bvm- Ijn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fn-cp- mepw Am-\n-I-fm-bp- -h Fm-{]- Im-c-n- ep-
ap ku`m-Ky- {]m]n-npw At-l-ns t{]W-{]-
Imcw At-ls {]m]n-p- - Xn-\p-thn {]hn- p-n-
. Cu ImcWwsIm-p-Xs Ah AepXn-cnp \S-
p-p.
13. AMvKp-jvT-am{Xx ]pcptjmcmm
kZm P\m\mw lrZtb kn-hnjvSx
lrZm a\zotim a\-km-`n\p]vtXm
b GXZv hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
AwKp-jvT- am-{X-amb ]cn-am-W-tm-Sp-IqSn A-cym-an-
bmbr ]c-ta-iz-c Ftmgpw a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b--fn
kay-mb coXn-bn nXn-sN-p-Ibpw a\-ns kzman-
bm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse \n-el - r-Z-
bhpw hnip--a-\pw hgn-bmbn [ym\-n sImp-h-
np {]Xyam-Ip-p. bmsXmcp km[-I Cu ]c-{_
]c- ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-p- hthm Atlw Aa-c- \mbn `hnp-
p. AXm-b Xv Fs- t-b v p- a mbn P\- \ -a -c -W - -
fn\npw ap-\m-bn-o- cpp; Aar-X-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-
p. a\p-jys lrZbw AwKpjvTns Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
b-Xm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs ]c-am-m-hns D]-e-_[ v n-p--
m-\hpw AXn-\m ChnsS ]c-am-m-hns\ AMvKp-jvT-
am-{X- amb ]cn-Wm-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h Fp hn-p-p.
14. kl-{k-iojm ]pcpjx kl-{kmx
kl-{k- ]mXv
k `qanw hniztXm hrXzm-Xy-Xn-jvT--im-MvKp-ew.
B ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]-c-ta-iz-c\v Bbn-c--W-n\p inc-p-
Ifpw Bbn-c--W- n- \p Ip-Ifpw Bbn- c- -W-n\p ]mZ-
-fp-ap-v. AXm-bXv Fm Ah-bhfn\npw cln-X-
\m-bn-cp-npw At-l-n\p inc-,v Ip-I, ]mZ-
BZn-bmb Fm Ah-bhfpw A\-hpw Akw-Jy-hp-
ambn Dv. k-i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Fm temI-
-tfbpw Fm `mK--fn\npw hebw sNbvXp-sImv
kh{X hym]vX-ambn \m`n-bn\npw ]w-Kpew apI-fn-
em- bnv lrZ- bm-Im-i-n hkn-p-p. Atlw k-hym-
]nbpw alm\pw Bbn-s lrZ-bc - q-]-am-Ip GI--
 152

I ep nXn-sN-p-p. Atlw At\Iw hpcp [- K

k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\-]-c-am-mhv ka-ktv X-
-fpsS B{i-b-am-Ip-p. {n-b-c-ln-X-\m-Wv. tZtl-{n-bmZn t`Z--fm iq\y-\m-bn-cp-
npw Fm C{nbhnj-b--tfbpw Adn-bp-p. AXp-
15. ]pcpj GthZw kw bZv`qXw b `hyw
t]mse Fm-n-sbpw kzmanbpw ]c-a-k-a\pw Fm-
DXm-ar-X-Xz-t ky-imt\m bZ-t-\m-Xn-tcm-l-Xn. n- s \bpw `cn- p- -h \pw Pohn-I sf kw_\v[ nn-
bmsXmv `qX- I m-e- n kw`-hn-p-I -g n- n-cn-p- Stmfw Ghpw henb B{i-bhpw BIp-p. a\p-jy
pthm bmsXmv `mhn-bn kw`-hn-m-\n-cn-p-pthm Fm `mh--tfm-Spw-IqSn At-l-ns icWw
bmsXm-p ham\-Im-e-n Aw hgn-bmbn AXm- {]m]n--Ww. a\p-jy-i-co-cw-sIm-p G-hpw henb D]-
bXv `-W-]-Zm- hgn-bmbn hfp-sIm-n-cn-p- tbmKw CXm-Ip-p.
p- thm, B ]q- amb PKp ]c- a-]p-cp- j-\mb ]c-am- m- 18. \h-Zzmtc ]ptc tZlo lwtkm
hns Xs kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. Atlw kzb-am-bn-s teem-btX _lnx
Xs kzcq-]-`q-X- amb ANn-y-i - n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu cq]-
hio kky temIky mh-cky
n {]Xy--am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Atlw Aar-X- kz-
Ncky N.
cq-]-am-Ip tam- ns bP-am-\-\m-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
Pohn-Isf kwkm-c-_\-fn\npw tamNn-nv Xs mh-c-Pw-K-a--fmb Fm Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw kapZmb
{]m]n-p--h-cm-n-op-p. AXn-\m At-ls cq]-am-Ip Cu {]]-s Xs A[o-\-n shp-
{]m]n-p--Xn- -`nejnp- p. km[-I- m At-l-ns sIm-n-cn-p B {]Im-i-a-b-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c\v cp
ic-W-n sNp-tN-c-Ww. I-fpw cp \mkn-Im-Zzm-c - fpw Hcp apJhpw Hcp
KpZhpw Hcp enwKhpw Dv. C{]-Imcw H]-Xp-hm-Xn-ep-I-
16. kXx ]mWn-]mZw XXv
tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jy-i-co-c-cq-]-am-Ip \K-c-n Atlw
khtXmnintcm apJw
A-cym-an- cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-p-p. At-lw-Xs
kXx {ipXn-a-tmtI k-am-h rXy Cu _mly-{]-]- - nepw eoe-I \S-n-sm-n-cn-
XnjvT -X n. pp CsXmw a\-n-emn a\-ns\ Fhn-Sw-hsc kpK-
B ]c-am-m-hns Im, ssI, inc-v, apJw, sNhn a- ambn nc-s-Sp-p-hm km[n- ptam Ahn-Sw-hsc At-
Fmw m\--fm-Ip-p. B Fm m\fpw Fm ls [ym\n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww.
in- tbm-Spw-IqSn {]hn-p--Xn ka--fm-bn-cn- kw_w Atlw ka-ktv X- {nbfm cln-X-\m-bn-
p-p. Atlw Fm-m-\pw Xs `-msc cn- cp-npw Fm C{n-b
- -fp-tSbpw hnj-b
- sf Adn-bp-
p--Xn\pw AXp-t]mse Ahsc Xntep kzoI-cn-p- p. CXp IqSp-X kv]jvS-am-p-p.
-Xn\pw Ic \on-sm-n-cn-p-p. At-l - ns
`-m At-ls FhnsS B{K-ln-p-pthm Ahn-
19. A]m-Wn-]mtZm Pht\m {KloXm
sS-s Atlw Fn- bn-cn-p-- Xmbn ImW-s- Sp-p. ]iy-Xy-Npx k irtWm-Xy-Ix
Atlw Fm--epw Fm Pohn-Ifpw hgn \S--s- k thn thZyw \ N XkymkvXn thm
Sp I-sf Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns Xam-lp-c{Kyw ]pcpjw alm-w.
`-m FhnsS At-ls {]W-an-p-pthm (F- m-bn-
Spw hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-c-Ww) Ahn-sS- s bmsXm-cp-s {]I-c-W- \S- p-sIm-n-cn-p-
At-l-ns Nc-W-fpw incpw nXn-sN-p-p. pthm B ]c- {_ ]c- am- mhv lkvX- c-ln-X-\mbncpnpw
Xs `-m-cpsS {]m-\I tIp--Xn-\p-thn Fm m\pw Fm hkvXp-- tfbpw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-p.
At-l- ns I- Fpw Dm-bn-cn- p-p. Xs AXp-t]mse ]mZ-c-ln-X- \m-bn-cp-npw AXn-thKw C-m-\p-
`-m-cm AWw sN-s-Sp hkvXpsf A\p-`- k-c-W-ambn Fpw Ka-\m-K- a-\- \S-p-p. \b-\-c-ln-
hn-p--Xn\v At-l-ns apJw Fm-bn-Spw Xm- X-\m-bn-cp-npw Fm m\pw Fmw Ip-sIm-n-cn-
dmbpw Ccn-p-p. B ]c-ta-iz-c Cu {_m-WU v -n p-p. I-c-ln-X-\m-bn- cpnpw Fm m\- p-\npw
Fm-n- s\bpw Fm `mK--fn\npw hebw sNbvXp Fmw {ihn-p-p. Atlw {Kmly-tbm-Ky--fmb PU-
nXn-sN-p-p. Cu Imcy--sfmw hniz-knv a\p-jy tN-X-\h
- k- vXp-sf \mbn Adn-bpp; Fm At-
At-l-ns tkh-\-n hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww. ls Adn-bp--h-cmbn Bcpw-Xs C. bmsXm-cp-
Fm-n-s\bpw Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm At-ls
17. kt-{ n-b-Kp-Wm-`mkw kt-{n-b-hn- B-dn-bm km[n-pp? At-l-ns hnj-b-n
hnXw m\n-I-fmb alm-m ]d-bp-Xv Atlw AJn- e-
kky {]`p-aoim\w kky n-sbpw BZnbpw ]pcm-X\pw alm-]p-cp-j\pw BIpp
icWw _rl-Xv. Fm-W.v

N P

I 20. AtWm-cW
- o-bm altXm alo-bm
\mm Kplmbmw \nlntXmky Ptmx.
Xa-{IXpw ]iyXn hoX-timtIm
[mXpx {]km-Zm--ln-am-\-ao-iw.
kqva-s- m AXn-kq-vahpw qe-s-m
A-Xn-q-ehpw Bb B ]c-{_ ]c-am-mhv Cu Pohn-
I-fpsS lrZ-bc - q-]-am-Ip Kpl-bn Hfnp-h-kn-p-p.
Fm-sbpw krjvSn-n-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-cs Ir]-
bms a\p- jyv kzmkev] cln-X\pw Ir]m-
I-c\pw ]c-a-kp-lr-p-amb ]c-ta-iz-c-s \bpw At-l-
ns aln-a-tbbpw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-p. B ]c-
a-Z-bm-ep-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs Cu kmm-Xvmcw Dm-Ip-
tm Fs-t-bvp-ambn Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap ZpxJ-
-fn\npw ap-\mbn ]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-
cs\ {]m]n-p-p.
21. thZm-l-ta-X-a-Pcw ]pcmWw
km-m\w k-KXw hn`p-Xzm-Xv.
P\ntcm[w {]h-Zn bky
{_-hm-Znt\m ln {]h-Zn \nXyw.
thZ- c- l- ky-sf hn- p alm- ]p-cp- j- m bmsXm- Bmhpw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn- \m Ch- sbmw
cp-s\ P-c-ln-X- \mbpw AXp-t]mse \nXy-\mbpw hnh- At-l-ns cq]-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw ]q-amb PK-
cn-p-pthm Atlw hym]-I-\m-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw ns cq]-n B ]c-am-m-hn-s\-n Nnn--Ww.
Fpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-c n-p- p. bmsXm-cp--\m
bmsXm-cp- m-\hpw iq\y-am-Im-Xn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-
Pc, arXyp apX-emb Fm hnIm-c--fnepw \np
kYm c lnX\pw k-n-sbpw BZn-]p-cm-W] - p-cp-
j\pw Bbn-cn-p-pthm kI-e-n-sbpw Bmhpw
A-cym-an-bp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]c-ta-iz-c s\ Rm
Adn-bpp Fv ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]np alm-m-
]dbp- p.
NXpYm- ymbw
1. b GtImhtm _lp[m in-tbm-KmZv
hm-\-t\-Im \nln-XmtYm Z[mXn
hn ssNXn Nmt hniz-amZu k tZhx
k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.
bmsXmcp ]c-{_--]-c-am-mhp \ncm-Im-c-kz-cq-]-n
cp]-hmZn cln-X-\m-bn-cp-npw krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-
n GtXm cl-ky-]q-amb Dtiw ImcWw Xs
kzcq]`qX--fmb \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep in-I-fpsS
kw_--tm-Sp-IqSn At\I--fmb cq]-hm-Zn-Isf
[mcWw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse Ah-km\w Cu ]q-
amb PKv bmsXm-cp--\n hneo-\-am-Ipp AXm-bXv
Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--msX Pohn-Ip ku`m-Ky-ap-
N P
153
m-Ip--Xn\p thn-am{Xw Ah-bpsS Im-\p-k-c-W- ambn K
Cu \m\m-h-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb PK-ns cN-\bpw
]me-\phw kwlm-chpw \S-p-I-bpw Imem-Im-e--fn
Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cnv At\I cq]--fn {]Xy--am-hp-Ibpw
sNpp B ]c-a-tZ-h\ - mb ]c-ta-iz-c hmkvX-h-n
GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\p-am-Ip-p. At-l - n\npw AXn-
cn--ambn Hpw Xs- bn-. Atlw \apv k_pn
{]Zm\w sNp-am-dm-I-tW.
kw_w C{]-Imcw {]mn-t--hn[w ]d-p-I-gn-
p. C\n aqp a{- hgnbmbn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ PK-
ns cq]-n Nnn-p-sImv At- ls kvXpXn-p-
-Xn-\p hn[- \nt-in-n-cn-p-p.
2. XtZ-hm-n-kX
v Z- m-Zn-Xy-kvX-ZzmbpkvXZp N{amx
XtZh ip{Iw XZv {_ XZm-]k
- vXXv
{]Pm-] -X nx.
An, Pew, kqcy, hmbp, N{, ap {]Im-in-
p Fm \{X--fpw, {]Pm-]-Xn-I, {_mhv Ch-
sbmw ]c{_w Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw GI\pw
AZzn-Xo-b-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs hn`q-Xn-I Xs-
bm- I p- p. Ch- s b- m- n- s bpw A - c ym- a n- b mb
3. Xzw kv{Xo Xzw ]pam-\kn Ipam-ckv Xzw
DX hm Ipamco
Xzw Potm ZWvtU\ hkn Xzw
PmtXm `hkn hniz-tXm-ap-Jx.
tl kth-iz-cm, Av kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, Ipam-c,
Ipamcn BZn-bmbn At\Iw cq]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv Ch-sb-m-n-sbpw cq]-n Ap {]I-S-
am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Ap-Xs hr-\m-bnv hSn-bpsS
klm-b-m \S-pp; AXm-bXv Ap-Xs hr-cq-
]-n {]Xy--s-Sp-p. tl ]c-am--, Ap-Xs
hncmSv cq]-n {]Xy--am-bnv Fm `mK-tbvpw
apJw Xncn-p-sIm-n-cn-p; AXm-bXv ]q-amb Cu
PKv A-bp-sS-kz-cq]w Xs-bm-Ip-p. temI-n
F{Xtbm apJ- ImW-s- Spp. Ah- sbmw A-bpsS
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
4. \oex ]XMvtKm lcntXm temln-Xm-
kvXUn-ZvK` EXhx kap{Zmx
A\m-Zn-aXzw hn`p-tXz\ htk
btXm PmXm\n `ph-\m\n hnizm.
`K-hm-t\, k-t- cym-an-bmb Ap \oe-h-tm-
Sp-Iq-Snb Nn{X-i -e-` hpw AXp-t]mse lcn-X-hhpw
Nph IpIfpap ]nbpw BIpp; Ap-Xs
 154

I hnZy-n-\m bp-amb taL-am-Ip-p. hk-m-ZnIfmb kw_w ]cm-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-amb B Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-n\v K

Fm EXp-fpw k]vX-k-ap-{Z-fpw A-bpsS cq]w-X-s- Ftm Fs\ hnap--am-Ip-hm Ign-bpp Fp
bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Cu \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep h- ASp cp a{--fn-embn ]d-bpp
cq]tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Fm PU-tN-X-\-hk - vXp--fpsS cq]-
6. Zzm kp]m kbpPm kJmbm
n Rm Asbs Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
Fp- sIm-s- m An \np-Xs Cu Fm temI- kam\w hrw ]cn-j-kz-PmtX
fpw Ah-bn hkn-p Fm Poh-Pm-e-fpw D- Xtbm-c\yx ]new kzmZz-Xy
hn-n-cn-p-p. hym]-I-amb cq]-n Ap-Xs Fm- \iv\-t\ym A`n-Nm-I -io-Xn.
nepw hncm-Pn-p-p. AXp-t]mse Ahy-hpw Poh-cq-
Cu a{- n ico-cs Aiz--hr--nsbpw
]hpw Bb A\mZn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS (C-h-]c - m, A]cm F
Pohm-m-hn-sbpw ]c-am-m-hn-sbpw ]nIfpsSbpw
t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p) bP-am-\\pw Ap-Xs BIp-
cq]-n hn-n-cn-p-p. CXp-t]m-se-Xs ItTm-]-\n-
p. AXn-\m GI- am-{X-\mb Asbs Rm Fm-
j-n Pohm-m-hn-s\bpw ]c-am-m-hn-s\bpw Kpl-bn
n- sbpw cq]-n Zin-p-p.
{]hn-jvS-amb \ng- en-sbpw {]Im-i-n-sbpw cq]-n
kw_w ]q-a-{-n ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs\ cp hn-n-cn-p-p. cp m\--fp-tSbpw `mhw Hp-X-
{]Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kzman-sbp ]d-n-cn-p-p. B cv s. a{-ns kmcmwiw a\p-jy-i-cocw Bhr--
A\m-Zn-{]-Ir-Xn-I GsXmw? CXns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-pp n\p ka-am-Ipp Fm-W.v Cuiz-c\pw Pohm-mhpw
5. APm-taImw temlnX ipIrjvWmw Ch cpw Hnp hkn-p cp ]n-Is - f-tm-se-
bp an{X--fm-Ip-p. Ch c pw Cu ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip
hox {]Pmx krP-am\mw kcq]mx
hr- n Hnv Htc lrZ-b-cq-]-am-Ip amf-n \nh-
AtPm tlytIm Ppj-amtWm\ptitX kn-p-p. ico-c-n hkn-p-sImv {]mcm-_v[--
Plm-tXy\mw `pt`mKm-a tPm\yx. \p-k-c-W- ambn Cu hr-ns ^e-tfm Fp tXmp-
amdv kpJ-ZpxJ cq]--fmb I- ^-e-sf {]m]n-p-p.
Ign a{-n kqNn-n cp {]Ir-XnIfn
Cu ^e-sf Pohm--cq-]-am-Ip ]n AXn-kzm-tZm-Sp-
Hm-Is KoX-bn hn-n-cn-pp A]-c-bm-Ip-p.
IqSn `pPn-p-p. AXm-bXv lj-tim-I-sf A\p-`-hn-p-
AXn\v Fp t`Z-fpw ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXv Xs A[n-
sImp I-^-es t`mKn-p-p. cm-as Cuiz-c-
jvTm-Xm-hmb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-c-ta-iz-cs kmn-[y-n Xt-
cq-]-am-Ip ]n Cu ^e-sf `n-p-n-. Ip-sIm-
Xs kmZr- i y- n AXm- b Xv {Xnp- K p- a -b - a mb
p-am{Xw Ccn-p-p. AXm-bXv Cu ico-c-m {]m]vX-
AkwJyw Poh-tZlsf krjvSn- n-cn-p. {XnKp-W-ambn
-fmb kpJ-Zpx-J-sf AXv Bkz-Zn-p-n; Ah-bpsS
AYhm {XnKp-Wm-- I- am-b-Xn-\m CXns\ {Xnh--tfm-
kmn- am-{X-am- bn-o-cp- -tX-bp-q. ]c-am- m-hn-s\- tmse
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXv Fp ]d-bp-p. kXzw, cP-,v Xav Cu aqp
Pohm-mhpw Zi- I am{X- am- bn-cn-p-I-bmsWn ]ns
KpW- Xs CXns aqp-h--fm-Ip-p. kXz-
CXn\v Ah-tbmSp bmsXmcp kw_-hpw Ah-ti-jn-p-
KpWw \n-ehpw AXp-t]mse {]Im-i-I-hp-am-b-Xn-\m
n-. Cs\ Xs Pohm-m-hns kw_--nepw
AXns\ tizX-sap Icp-Xp-p. ctPm-KpWw cmKm--I-am-
apa- {--fn ]d- n-cn- p--Xp- t]mse AXp {]Ir-Xnsb
Ip-p. AXn-\m AXns hw Nph-mbn Icp-Xp-p.
A\p`hn-Xn-\p-tijw AXns\ \nm-c-ambn ]cn-K-Wnv
AX-t]mse Xtam-KpWw Am-\-cq-] - ns Bh-cW - -
]cn-Xy-Pn-p-p. AXn\npw apJs ]nn-cn-p-p.
tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b-Xm-I- bm IrjvW-h-ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
AXns\ kw_- n-n-S-tmfw ]noSv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS AXm-
Cu aqp KpW--tfm-Spw-IqSn {]Ir-Xnsb shfp-v, Nph-
bXv PK-ns k Xs Cm-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns-
v, Idpv Fo h--fn ]d-b-s-Sp-p. cm-a-tXv
bm-Is AXpw AXns an{Xhpw Ch-cpw am{Xw
Poh-cq-]-amb ]c AYhm tNX-\m-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS \ma-m
Ahtijn-p-Ibpw ]c-k] v cw an{X-X-bpsS B\w A\p-
t{X F t]cnepw AXp-t]mse A-c-]p- cp-js
`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
\ma- nepw h\w sN-s-n- cn- p-p. AXn\v cp `mK-
- fp-.v Hm-a-tXv A]cm {]Ir- Xn-bn Bk-- \m-bnv 7. kamt\ hrt ]pcptjm \na-tm
AXn-t\mSv sFIyw {]m]nv AXns hnNn-{X- -fmb t`mK- \oibm timNXn aply-am\x
sf X-fpsS I--\p-k-cW - -am-b-\p-`-hn-p
PqjvSw bZm ]iy-Xy-\y-ao-i
Pohn-I, cm-a-tXv bmsXm-cp- Cu t`mKsfmw
A\p-`-hn-nv Chsb \nmcfpw W-`w-Kpcfp-am-bn- aky aln-am-\-anXn hoXtimIx.
-cpXn ]cn-]q-ambpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p m\n-I-fmb Cu ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip Htc hr-n lrZ-b-cq-]-am-
alm-]p-cp-j - m-cpsS kaq-lw. Cu cn-\-nepw s]n-p- Ip IqSn-\p- n ]c- am-m- hn- t\m- sSmp Ign-p- Iq-Sp
-h AP-m-fpw A\m-Zn-I- fp-am-Ip- p. CXn-\m Chsc Cu Pohm-mhv Xtm-Sp-IqSn hkn-p ]ca kplr-
"AP-m' Fp hnfn-p-p.*
N P
 155

I mb ]c-ta-iz-cs t\sc ZrjvSn-I-fp-bmsX Cu ico- fn\npw cNn-n-cn--p. C{]-Imcw cNn--s-n-cn- K

c-ns Bk--am-bnv taml--fn \na--ambn Cu PK-n ap-h AXm-bXv t\cs hn-n-p
ico-ct- mSv AXyw aaX ]pen-smv AXp-hg- n- m\n-I-fmb alm-]p-cp-j-m-cn\npw `n-ambn Poh-
bmbn t`mK-sf D]t`mKn-p- -Xn X-c-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn k-ap-Zm-ba - m-Ip--am-b-bn _n--s-n-cn-p-p. Xs-
hknv Ak-a-X-bmepw Zo\-X-bmepw tamln-X-ambn kzm-an-bmb ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-cs\ kmm-XvI-cn-m-Xn-cn- p-
\m\m- {]-Im-c- -f n-e p-a p ZpxJ- sf A\p-` -hn-p-sIm- -Xp-hsc Ah\v Cu {]Ir-Xn-bn\npw tamN\w t\Sp-
pIgnbp-p. Ftm-sg-nepw Ch-s-ta `K-hms Zb- hm km[n-p-n- . AXn-\m a\p-jyv B ]c-am-m-
bp-m-Ip-tm Ch Xn\npw `nhpw Xtm- hns\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap D- S-amb
sSmp hkn-p--Xp-amb ]c-a-{]n-b-\mb `K-hms\ Xncn- A`n-emjw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
-dn-bp-p. bmsXm- cp- `-P-\--fm \nc-cw tkhn-
10. ambmw Xp {]IrXnw hnZym-m-bn\w Xp
X-\m-bn-cn-p B ]c-ta-iz-c-s\bpw AXp-t]mse At-l-
atl- izcw
ns B-cy-a-bn-bmb aln-a-tbbpw PK-n `n-`n-
-{]-Im-c--fn {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p--Xns\ Zinp Xkym-h-b -h-` q-s sX-k vX p- hym]vX w
Ign-bp-tms Ah kYm timI-c-ln-X-\m-bn- k-anZw PK-Xv.
ocpp. Cu {]I-c-W-n bmsXm-ns\ amb-bpsS \ma- n
8. EtNm Atc ]cta thyma hn-n-cn-p-pthm AXm-Is `K-hms in-cq-]-{]-Ir-
bkvan tZhm A[n hntiz \ntjZpx Xnbpw B ambm-\m-a-m Adn-b-s-Sp in- cq-]-{]-Ir-
Xn-bpsS A[n-]Xn ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c-\mb atlizc-\p-am-Ip-
bkvXw \ thZ InarNm Icn-jyXn
p. Cs\ Ch cn-t\bpw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn a\-
b CXv XZv hnZpkvX Cta kam-k-tX. n-em-- Ww. B ]c-ta-iz-cs in- cq- ]-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS-X- s
]c-{_-] - -c-ta-iz-cs BIm-i-kz-cq-]-am-Ip ]c-a-[m- AwK-`q-X-amb Imc-W-Imcy kap-Zm-b-m Cu kq-
a-n ka-kvX-tZ-h-K-W- AXm-bXv B ]c-am-m- P-Kp hym]vX-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p.
hns ]mj-Z-K-W- B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ tkhn- p-sImp 11. tbm tbm\nw tbm\n-a-[n-Xn-jvT-tXytIm
\nh-kn-p-p. Ahn-sS-s ka-kX v - th-Z- fpw ]mj-
bkvan-nZw k N hn ssNXn khw
Z-m-cpsS cq]-n aqn-a - mb `K-hmsd tkh-\-a-
\p-jvTn-p-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy B ]c-a-[m-a-n hkn- Xaoim\w hcZw tZh-aoUyw
p ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-as\ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-pthm \nNm-tamw imn-a-Xy--ta-Xn.
ka-kvX-thZfpw At-l-n\v tkh-\-a-\pjvT np ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Hmtcm tbm\n-bp-tSbpw GI-\mb
At-l-ns Xs AwK- `q-X-am- Ip ]mj- Zvam- sc cl- Ay-- \m-Ip-p. Atlw temI-n F{X {]Im-c--
kys Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm, Ah thZ- hgn- fn-ep Imc-W- AwKo-I-cn--s-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-
bmbn Fp {]tbm-P\w t\Spw? AXm- bXv bmsXmpw t\Sp- bpsS Fmw A[n-jT v m-Xm-hm-Ipp. Ah-bn GsX-nepw
hm km[n-p-I-bn-. Fm bmsXm-cp- B ]c-am- Imcys D-hn-n-p- -Xn-\p in k-Im- c-W- \mb
m-hns\ XmXzn-I-ambn {Kln-p-p-hthm Ah-\m-Is B B ]c-am-m-hntdXm-Wv. At-l-ns tat\m--n
]c-a -[m-a-nXs kay-m-b-hn-[-n nXn-sN- p- Xs Ah B Imcy--sfmw Dev]--am-p-p. B ]c-
p. AXm-bXv Ahn-sS-\npw Hcn-epw Xncn-p-t]m-cp ta-iz-c Xs Ah-bpsS Fmw ta`-cWw \Sp-p.
-n-. Ah-bpsS Fm hyh-Ifpw bYm-tbmKyw \S--s-Sp-
9. Omwkn bmx {IXth {hXm\n Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Fm temI-fpw {]f-b-Im-ev
`qXw `hyw b thZm hZn At-l-ns hneo-\-am-Ip-Ibpw AXp-t]mse
hop-ap-m-Ip krjvSn-Im-e- At-l-n\n-p-
bkvam-mbo krPtX hniz-ta-X-Xv.
Xs hnhn[ cq]--fn D- hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. k-
Xkvanw mt\ym ambbm kw\n-cp-x. \n-b-a-mhpw hc-Zm-b-I\pw GI-am-{X-kvX p-Xn-tbm-Ky\pw
ka-kX v -th-Z-cq-]a
- mb O-p-I, b-, {IXp- k-kp-lrpw Bb ]ctaizc-]-ca - m-m-hns\ Adn-
AXm-bXv tPymXn-jvtSm-amZn hntij b-, nv Cu Pohn-I \nc-cw kw`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
\m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep {hX-, k-, kZm-Nm- ]c-a-\nm-W-cq-]-amb imnsb {]m]n-p-p.
c-, Ah-bpsS \nb-a- AXp-t]mse ap--`q-Xw, 12. tbm tZhm\mw {]`-h-tm-h
-
h-am-\w, `mhn ]Zm- Ch-bpsS h\w thZ-
hniz-[nt]m cpt{Zm aljnx
-fn ImW-s-Sp-p. Ch-sb-m-n-t\bpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
A[n-jT v n-Xm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cXs Xs Awi-`q-X-ambn lnc-Wy-K`w ]iyX Pmb-am-\w
t\ct ]d-n-cn-p-p. ]-`q-XmZn XXz-k-ap-Zm-b-- k t\m _pym ip`bm kwbp-\-p.
N P
 156

I AJn-e-tbpw Xt-Xmb `c-W-n hp-sIm-n-cn- \ne-\n-evp-Xpw Ako-ahpw Ahn\minbpw AXn-i-b- K

p cp{Z-cq- ]- tm- Sp-Iq- Snb ]c- ta-iz- c C{mZn Fm tZh- tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX
- p-amb imnsb {]m]n-p-p. Fp-sIm-
X-I-tfbpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw hfp-Ibpw sNp-p. s-m B alm-]p-cp-j Cu Aim-amb PK-Xv
AXp-t]mse Fm-nsbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw alm-m-\- {]]tmSp kYm kw_- - c-ln-X\pw hnc--\p-am-
k--\pw Bbn-cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- krjvSn-bpsS Ip-p.
Bcw-`-n G-hp-am-Zy-ambn D-hn lnc-Wy-K`s
15. k Gh Imte `ph-\ky tKm]vXm
In-cp-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv {_m-hns ]q-
hn-bm-bn-cp-pthm B ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-mhv \ap- hnizm-[n]x k-`qtXjp KqVmx.
smw k_pn {]Zm\w sNtW. B k_pn bkvan bpm {_jtbm tZh-Xm
Pohn-Isf Ieym-W-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-hn-tep tNp-- Xtahw mXzm arXyp-]mimwivOn\-n.
Xn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Kmb-{Xo-a-{- nepw CtX _pn-p-th-
bmsXm-cp-s h\w IqsS-qsS sN-s-n-cn-p-
n-s {]m\ \S-p- p. Cu D]- \n-j-ns Bcw-
pthm B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-c Xs ka-b-n\v AXm-
`-n Cu a{w hp-I-gn-n-p-v.
bXv h- am-\-Im-e- kIe {_m- WvU- tbpw kwc-
13. tbm tZh-\m-a-[nt]m bkvanw-tmIm A[n-{in-Xmx. n-p--Xp-t]mse Atlw ]q PK-ns A[n-]-
b Cuti Aky Zzn]-Z--Xp-jv]Zx Ikvssa tZhmb Xnbpw Fm Pohn-I-fnepw A-cym-an-bmb cq]-n Hfn-
lhnjm hnt[-a. n-cn-p--h-\p-am-Ip-p. At-l-ns thZ-c- l-
bmsXmcp k- \n- b-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c kakvX tZh- ky-sf Adn-n-cn-p aljn-K-W-fpw Fm tZh-
I-fp-tSbpw A[n-]X - n-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp--\n X-Ifpw [ym\w hgn-bmbn kmyw {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. Fm-
ka-kX v - tem-I-fpw Fm {]Im-c-nepw B{in-X-am-bn-cn- hcpw At-ls kvacn-p-Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
p-pthm bmsXmp qehpw kqvahpw Ahy-- sImv At-l-ns ]n-tn-cn-p-p. C{]-
amb Ah--b nXs Fm-hn-[- nepw Fm-n- Imcw ]c-a-tZ-h\ - mb B ]ctaizcs\ Adn-nv a\p-jy
sbpw B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv cp ]mZ-- ba- c m- P s Fm ]mitfbpw AXm-bXp P\-\-a-c-W-Im-
tfmSpw \mep-]m-Z--tfmSpw IqSn-bh - b
- p-sS-ta AXm-bXv c- W - ` q- X - - f mb Fm _\v[-\- -tfbpw apdnp-I-f-bp-p.
Fm Poh-k-ap-Zm-b--fp-tS-bpw- ta Xs ANn-y-i-n- ]noSv Ah Hcn-epw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _-\-n AI-
Zzmcm `cWw \S-p-pthm B B\--cq-]\pw km-[m- s-Sp-n; Fs-t- b v p-ambn kYm ap-\m-bn-o-
c\pw k-i-n-am\pw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ \apv {im- cp- p.
`-n-]qw lhncq-]-am-Ip ImgvN kaWw sNbvXp- 16. LrXm-Xv]cw aWvU-an-hm-Xn-kqvaw
sImv ]qPn- mw. AXm- b Xv Fmw At-l - n\p mXzm inhw k-`qtXjp KqVw.
kaWw sNbvXp-sImv At-l-n-t-Xp-X-s-bm-n-
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw
omw. CXp-Xs At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p
kl-P-amb D]m-bw. mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]mssix.

14. kqvam-Xn-kqvaw Ien-eky at[y sh-bpsS apI`mK-p kmcmw-i-s-t mse

bmsXmv Fm- nsdbpw kmchpw AXp-t]mse
hnizky {kjv Sm-a-t\-I-cq]w
kqvahpw BIp-pthm Ieym-W-kz-cq-]\pw GI-am-{X- \p-
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw amb B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Fm Pohn-I-fnepw Hfn-
mXzm inhw imn-a-y--ta-Xn. n-cn-p--h-\mbpw AXp-t]mse AJn- eP- -K-n-sbpw
bmsXmcp ]c-{_--]-c-am- mhv kqv at-m Fm`mKfn\npw he-bw-sNbvXv AXns\ hym]vX-am-
AXyw kqvam-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXp bmsXmv p--h-\p-ambn Adn-np a\p-jy Fm _-\--fn
At-l-ns Ir] IqSmsX {Kln- -s -Sp- n-tbm \npw tamN\w {]m]n-p-p.
bmsXmv kI-e-Xnsbpw lrZ-bK - p-lm-cq-]-am-Ip cl- 17. Gj tZthm hniz-Im almm
kyktX-n nXn-sN-ppthm bmsXmv \tmSv kZm P\m\m lrZtb knhnjvSx
Ghpw ASp-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv AJn-e-tem-I-
lrZm a\ojm a\-km-`n-n]vtXm
tbpw krjvSn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse kzbw hniz-cq-]-
ambn At\-I -c q-] - sf [cn- p-s Im- n-c n- p- pthm b GXZv hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
bmsXmp \ncm-Im-c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn kakvX temI-- {]]-s krjvS n Cu alm-mhv AXm-bXv
tfbpw Fm `mK--fn\npw he-bw-sNbvXp hkn-p- kin-am\pw k-hym-]nbpw Bb Cu ]ctaizc
pthm Ah- bs v - m-ap- ]-cn- bmbn GI\pw AZzn- Xob Ieym- kZm-k-a-bhpw Fm a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw lrZ-b
- -fn kay-
W-kz-cq-]\
- p-amb atlizc\ Adn-nv a\p-jy \nXyw mb hn[-n nXn-sN-p-p. At-l-ns KpW-

N P
 157

I {]-`mhsf {ihn-np {Zhn-Xhpw hnip--hp-amb \n-e- ikvkv' BIp-pthm bmsXm-ns alm-b-iv k{X K
lr-Z-b-tmSpw \n-eb - p--amb _pn-tbmSpw AXp- {]kn--am- bn- cn-p- pthm B ]cm-]- c- {_--n\p bmsXmcp
t]mse GIm-{K-amb a\-p-h-gn-bmbpw \nc-- c-ambn [ym\n- D]-a-Ifpw {Kln-p--Xn\pw {Kln-n-p--Xn\pw km[y-am-
m am{Xta B ]c- am-mhp {]Xy- - am-I-bp-q. Cu cl- I- --hn-[- n ImW- s- Sp- n- . AXn-\m a\pjy B
ky-sf {Kln- n-p km[-I At- ls {]m]nv Aar- ]c-a-amb XXzs Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw A`n-
X-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cpp; Fstbvp-ambn P\-\-a-c-W- em-j-ap-- h- cm- bn- cn-- Ww. Fp- sIm-s- m a\p-jyv
-fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p. AXp e`n-p--Xm-sW-n \ap-p-aXp e`n--Ww.
18. bZm Xa-kvX Znhm \ cm{Xn 20. \ kwZrti XnjvTXn cq]-aky
\ k Nmk-RvOnh Gh tIhex \Npjm ]iyXn I-ss\-\w.
lrZm lrZnw a\km b G\
XZ-cw X-hn-Xph-tcWyw
tahw hnZp-c-ar-XmkvtX `h-n.
{]m N XkvamXv {]krXm ]pcm-Wo.
bmsXm-ns {]I- cWw \S- p-sIm-n- cn-p- pthm B
bmsXm-cp-k-a bw Am-X- c q-]-am- Ip A-Im-c- ]ca {]m]y-\mb ]c-am-m-hns kzcq]w ZrjvSn-]-Y-n
ns A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-pthm B kabw {]Xy-- \np- n- . km[- I a\- phgnbmbn At- ls Nnn-
am-Ip XXzw ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw BIp-n-. AXm-bXv p-tm hnip--amb Ax-I-c-W-n Hmtcmc ka-b-
AXns\ ]It]mse {]Im-i-a-ba - mbpw cm{Xn-p-Xpeyw mbn B\--a-b-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-ns ann-
AIm-c-ambpw ]d-bp-hm kmy-a- . Fp-sIm-s- a-d-b Dm-Ip-p. Fm AXv \n-e-am-bn-m-W-s-
m AXv cn-s\-mfpw Akm-[m-c-Wm-Ip-p. AhnsS Sp-n-. Cu ]c-am-m-hns\ Bpw {]mIr-X- -fmb t\{X-
m\m-m-\--fpsS t`Ztm Iev]-\-Itm hgn-bmbn Zin-p-hm km[n-p-n-. bmsXm-cp-
m\-an-. AXv kpw Akpw BIp-n- . AXns\ \v Cu ]c-am-mhv kzbw Ir]-tbm-Sp-IqSn Znhy-ZrjvSn
kspw Ak-spw ]d-tb {]iv\ta DZn-p-n- {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-pthm Ah\p am{Xw At-ls
. Fp-sIm-s-m AXv kspw Ak-s-p- Znhy-t\-{X--fm Zin-p-hm Ign-bp-p. bmsXmcp
ap \ma--fm Adn-b- s- Sp Fm hkvXp--tf-mfpw km[I C{]-Imcw Cu clkyw a\-n-emn Xs lrZ-
A p- X - I - c - a m- W v . GI- a m{X Ieym- W - k z- c q- ] - \ mb b-n nXn-sN-p-p. Cu A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-m-
inhXs B XXz-am-Ip-p. Atlw kYm Ahn-\m- hns\ At-l-s KpWw, {]`mhw Chsb {ihn-nv
in-bm-Ip-p. kqcym-Zn-I-fmb Fm tZh-I-fp-tSbpw D]m-ky- `n-`m- h-m {Zhn-X-amb lrZ-bw- h-gn-bmbpw \n-e- amb
tZ-h-\m-Ip-p. At-l-n\n-p-Xs BZn apX \ne- a\-p-h-gn-bmbpw \nc-cw At-ls Nnn-p-sImp
\nph-cp Cu A\m-Zn-bmb m\w hnImkw {]m]n-p- a\-n-em-p-pthm Ah Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp \nXy-
sIm-n-cn-p- p. AXm-bXv ]c- am- m- hns\ Adn-bp-- Xn\pw ambn P\-\-a-c-W--fn \npw ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
{]m]n- p- -Xn-\pw-th-n-bp km[\ A[n- Im- cn-I-fpsS ]c-
-c-bn\npw {]m]vX- ambn \ne-\n-p-h-cp-p. kw_w C{]-Imcw ]c-ta- iz-cs kzcq-]-tbpw At-
l-ns {]m]vXn-bpsS ^e-tbpw hnh-cn-nv C\n cp
19. ss\\-aq[zw \ Xncyw \ at[y a{- - fn-embn BZyw apn-p-th- nbpw ]noSv kmwkm-
]cn- {P-{K- `Xv cn-I- -fmb `b--fn \np c- bvp-th-nbpw B
\ Xky {]Xnam AkvXn bky \ma al-Zy-ix. ]c- ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn- p-- Xn-\p {]Im-c-sf \nt-
in-p-p.
]e a{--fn-embn bmsXm-ns h\w \S--s-
n-c n-p-p-hthm ]ca {]m]y-a mb B ]c-{_-s 21. APmX CtXyhw InZv `ocpx {]]-ZytX
bmsXmcp a\p-jy\pw apI-fn \ntm Xmsg-\ntm CS- cp{Z-bt ZnWw apJw tX\ amw
bvp-\ntm as-hnsS \nptam Ic- -am-p-hm km[n- ]mln \nXyw.
p-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m AXp kYm A{Km-ly-am-
Ipp ]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-p-n-. CXns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw {]m]n- tl cp{Zm, kI-e - n-sbpw kwlm-c-I-\mb ]c-ta-iz-
p-Ibpw sNt--Xmb Imcyw imkv{X--fn ImW-s- cm, Av kzbw AP-m-hm-Ip-p. AXn-\m ap--h-
Sp-p. Ahsb {]m]n-n-p-h - p am{Xta AXns tcbpw P\- \-a-c-W-- fn\np ap-cm-p-Xv A-bpsS
clkyw a\-n- em-p-hm km[n- p-p-q. AXpw hmp- kz`m-h-am-Wtm? CXp-hn-Nm-cnv P\-\a
- -c-W-sf `b-s-
I-fm hy-am-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m p- sIm- n-cn-p km[I Cu kwkm- c-N- {I-n\npw
hmp-Ifpw a\pw Ahn-Sw-hsc Fp-n-. AXv Adn- tamN\w t\Sp- -Xn- \p- thn Asb icWw {]m]n- pp.
bp--Xn\pw Adn-bn-p- -Xn\pw ]p Fm hkvXp- Rm\pw Cu kmwkm-cnI N{I-n\npw tamN\w t\Sp-
pw AXo-X-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-ns \maw "alm-b- -Xn-\p-thn Asb icWw {]m]n-pp. AXn-\m

N P

I bmsXmv A-bpsS he-Xp-ap-J-am-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv
bmsXmv A-bpsS Ieym-W-a-b-amb kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-p-
pthm AXp-h-gn-bmbn Av Fs Cu P\-\a - -c-Wc- q-]-
amb alm-`-b-n\npw Fs-t-b v p-ambn cn-m-
epw. Fs \nXy-ambn Cu `b-n\npw ap-am-n-
bm- epw.
22. am \kvtXmtI X\tb am \ Bbpjn
am t\m tKjp
am t\m Atizjp cocn-jx. hocmm t\m
cp{Z `man
tXm h[o lhn-jvax kZ-anXzm lhm-a-tl.
kI-e-tbpw kwl-cn-p--h-\mb tl cp{Z-tZ-hm,
R \m\m- {]-Im- c-n- ep ImgvN-I kan-p-sImv
Ftmgpw Asb hnfn-p-sImp hkn-p-p. Ap-
Xs Rsf cn-p--Xn kU-Ym ka-\m-Ip- I, IoS, Nn{X-i-e`- - apX-embn F{Xtbm tbm\n-
p. AXn-\m Av R-fp-sS-ta Hcn-epw Ip]n-X- \m-
Im-Xn-cn-q. AXp-t]mse Ip]n-X-\m-bnv R-fpsS ]p{X-]u-
{X- mpw RfpsS Bbp-n\pw IpXnc apX-emb arK-
pw Hcn-epw bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep-ap Xw
Gev]n- m-Xn-cn--tW. R-fpsS hoc- m-cmb ]pcp- j-msc
\in-n- m- Xn- cn-- tW. AXm- bXv Fm {]Im-c-nepw R-
tfbpw R-fpsS [\-tbpw P\--tfbpw cn-m-epw.
]-a m- ymbw
1. tZz Atc {_-]tc Xz\t
hnZym-hntZy \nlntX b{X KqtV
cw XzhnZym lyarXw Xp hnZym
hnZym-hntZ CuitX bkvXp tkm\yx.
bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-c {_-s-mfpw AXyw
t{ijvT-\m- bn- cn- p- pthm Xs amb- bpsS ad-bn Hfn-n-
cn-p- pthm koam-c-ln-X\pw Ahn\min-bp-am-bn-cn-p-
pthm AXm-b Xv bmsXm-cp- tZi-Im-e- p
khvYm AXo-X-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-\v Hcn-
epw Hcp {]Im-c-nepw hn\miw kw`-hn- p-hm km[y-
a-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm A{]-Im-c-ap ]c-am-m-hn hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw hncm-Pn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv cpw
bmsXm-cp- s B[m-c - n-t Dd- n-c n-p-pthm
Atlw ]q-{_-] - p-cp-tjm- -a Xs-bm-Ip-p.
ChnsS ]cn-h-\-ioew IqSp-Ibpw Ipd- bp-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sIm-n-cn-p Dn hn\mikoec-X- X zs
AhnZy F t]cn ]d- n-cn-p- p. Fp-sIm-s- m alm-m-hmb B ]c-ta-iz-c krjvSn-Im-e
AXv PUw BIp-p. AXn hnZy-bp-sS, m\-ns,
kYm A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\p-hn-cp- -ambn
bmsXmp P\-\a - -c -W--fn cln-X-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXmv IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-pthm
N P
158
B Ahn-\m-in-Iq-S--XXzw (Po-h-k-ap-Zm-bw) hnZy F K
t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m AXv tNX-\-
bm-Ip-p. hnm-\-a-b-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- Cu hnZy-
sbpw Ahn-Zy-sb-p-ap t]cn hnfn--s-Sp c-
n- sbpw A-c- n-sbpw ta `cWw \S- p-pthm
cn-sbpw kzman-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm cpw bmsXm-cp-
s inbpw {]Ir-Xnbpw Bbn-cn-p-pthm B ]c-
ta-iz-c Cu cn-s\-mfpw A\y\pw XnIpw km[m-c-
W-\p-am-Ip- p.
2. tbm tbm\nw tbm\n-a-[n-Xn-jvT-tXytIm
hnizm\n cq]mWn tbm-\o kmx
Ejnw {]kqXw I]new bkvXa - t{K
mss\_n-`n Pmb-am\w N ]tiy-Xv.
Cu {]]-.-n tZh-I, a\p-jy, arK-, ]n-
I ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp-t]mse Hmtcm-n\pw `n-- fmb
cq]--fp-apv. Ah-sb-m-n-sbpw Ah-bp-sS Imc-W-
cq-]--fmb ]-a-l-`q-Xm-Zn-bmb Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw
A[n-]-Xn-bm-bn-cn-p-Xp bmsXm-cp-t\m AXm-bXv Ch-
sbmw bmsXm-cp-s A[o-\-n-em-bn-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-cp- G-hp-amZyw P-sa-Sp I]ne aljnsb
AXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`-\mb {_m-hns\ Hmtcm k-n-
sbpw BZn-bn Fm {]Im-c- n-ep-ap m\-- fm
]cn-]p-jSv -am-p-Ibpw Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap m\-
m k--amn krjvSn-p-Ibpw AXp-t]me bmsXm-
cp- Ghpw BZy- ambn D- hn- nv B lnc- Wy- K`s
Zin-p-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
k- i-n-am\pw km-[m-chpw AJn-e-n-tbpw kzman-
bp-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a.
3. GssIIw Pmew _lp[m hnIph
kvan tt{X kwl-c-tXyj tZhx
`qbx krjvSzm ]X-b-kvX-tYix
khm[n-]Xyw IpcptX alm-m.
bmsXm-cp-s {]I-c-W- XpSp-sIm-n-cn-p-
pthm ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-c Cu {]]--cq-]-am-
Ip t{X-n krjvSnIm-e-n Hmtcmtcm kaq-l-
sf AXm-bXv _pn apX- em-bh - bpw BIm-im-Zn-I-fmb
Xs {]Ir- Xn-Isf ]e-{]-Im-c- n hn`-Pn- nv Hmtcm-n\pw
`n-`n--amb cq]hpw \mahpw inbpw \In Ahsb
hnI-k n- n-p-I bpw kzbw sXs {]f-b -I m-e- n
Ahsb Fmw kwl-cn-p- Ipbw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p- p.
- n, ap
{]mh-iy-s-tm-se-Xs ka-kvX-tem-I--tfbpw Ah-
bpsS A[n-] - m-scbpw krjvSnnv kzbw Ah-sb-m-n-
sbpw A[njvTmXm-hmbn Ah-bp-sS-ta `cWw \S-p-
p. At-l-ns eoe ANn-y--fm-Ip-p. Nnn-p-
 159

I -Xp-sImv At-l-ns cl-ky- a\-n-em-p-hm B ]c-{_-] K

- -c-am-m-hns\ thZfpsS cl-ky-hn-Zym-
km[n-p--Xp-a-. At-l-ns `-mXs B eoe- cq-]-amb D]-\n-j-p--fn Hfn-n-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv
I-fpsS cl-kys am{Xta Aev]-ambn a\-n-em-p- At-l-ns kzcq-]-h\w D]- \n- j-p--fn cl-ky-
p-q. ambn sN-s-n-cn-p- p. thZw ]pd-s-Xpw At-l-
n\n- pXsbm- I p- p. C{]- I mcw thZ- -f n
4. khm Zni Du[za-[ XncyIv
adncn-p--h\pw thZ--fpsS {]mI-Sy- m-\-hp-amb B
{]Im-i-b {`mPtX bZz-\-Uvhm ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {_mhv Adn-bp-p. At-lsqSmsX
Ghw k tZh `K-hm htctWym as-{Xtbm ]q-hn-I-fmb tZh-Ifpw Ejn-amcpw At-
tbm\nkz`mhm\ [n XnjvT-tXy-Ix. ls Adn- n-c n- p- pthm Ah- s cmw At- l -
ns hneo-\-cmbn B\--kz-cq-]-a-m-cm-bn- o-cp-
F{]-Imcw Cu kqcy Cu {]]-s Fm `mK--
p. AXn-\m k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-chpw AJn- e-
fn \npw {]Im-in-n-p-sImp hncm- Pn-p- pthm AtX-
n-sbpw A[oi\p- amb ]c-am-m-hns\ apIfn ]d
{]-Imcw B `K-hm k-hn[ sFizcyfm k-
{]Im-c-n AwKo-I-cn-nv At-ls Adn-bp--Xn\pw
\pw Fm-h-cmepw `P-\-tbm-Ky-\p-amb ]c-a-tZ-h-]-c-ta-iz-
{]m]n-p--Xn\pw a\p-jy X-c-cm-bn-o-c-Ww.
c GI-\m-bn-s ka-kvXI - m-c-W-cq-]--fmb Xs
`n-`nin-I-fpsS A[n-jvTm-Xm-hmbn Ah-s b-sbmw kw_w ]c-ta-iz-c Fm Pnhn-It- fbpw Ah-bpsS
\bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Fm-n\pw AXm-XpIfptS-Xmb Im-\p-kr-X-amb KpW- -tfm-Sp-IqSn kwtbm-Pn-n-n-cn-p-
Imcy- \S-p--Xn-\p kmayw \In bYm- p. AXn-\m Pohm-m-hnsd kzcq-]hpw \m\m-tbm-\n-
tbmKyw {]h-\--fn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. I-fnqSn Ncn-p-\-\-Xn-\p Imc-Whpw ]d-bp--Xn-\p-
thn {]tXyI {]I-c-W- Bcw-`n-p-p.
kw_w apI-fn ]-d-n-cn-p Imcy-n\v C\n
kv]jvSoI-cWw \Ip-p. 7. KpWm-\zmtbm bx ^e-I-Im
5. b kz`mhw ]NXn hniz-tbm\nx IrX-ky-X-sskyh k tNm]-t`m-m.
]mNymw khm ]cn-Wm-a-tbZv bx k hniz-c q-]-k v{XnKp-W-kv{Xn-hm
kh-ta-X Zv hniz-a-[n-X n-jvT-tXytIm {]mWm-[n]x kwN-cXn kzI-`nx.
KpWmw khm hn\n-tbm-P-tbZv bx. Cu a{- n {]I-cWw Bcw-`n-p--Xp-Xs Pohm-
m-hn\p "KpWm-\zb' hnti-j-Ww-sIm-m-Wv. bmsXmv
bmsXmv Cu kq-hn-iz-ns Imc-W-am-Ip-
Poh-Kp-W- -fm _n--s {]Ir-Xn-bn nXn-sN-p-
pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-n\p ap bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw
-Xm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv P\-\-a-c-W-am-Ip Cu kwkm-
Cm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm, PK-ns Imc-W-cq-]--fmbn ]d-b-
c-N-{I-n Id-n-smncn-p-p. bmsXmv KpWm-Xo-
s-Sp Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw in-cq] kz`m-hs
X-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXp Id-p-n-. bmsXmcp Pohm-
bmsXm-cp- Xs k-ev]-cq-]-am-Ip X]-m ]mI-
mhv kXzw, cP-v, Xav Fo {XnKp-W--fm _n-
s- Sp-p-pthm AXm- bXv BIm-im- Zn-I- fmb Fm XXz--
-s-n-cn-p-pthm AXp \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn-ep I-
fp-tSbpw `n- -fmb in- I {]f-b-Im-e-n ep]vX-
^-e-cq]fmb t`mKfpsS {]m]vXn- p-thn \m\m-{]- Im-
am-bn-Xo-cp-p-thm, Ahsb Xs k-ev]Z- zmcm hopw
c-n-ep-ap I- sNp-Ipbw Xm sN-s
{]Xy- - s-Sp- p-Ibpw {]Xy- - am--s in- Isf \m\m-
B I--fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn-\p-thn hnhn-[-
cq-]--fn ]cn-h-\-s-Spn Cu hnNn-{Xamb PK-
tbm-\nIfn P-sa-Spp hn`n--cq-]--fn {]Xy-- s-
ns\ krjvSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse kXzmZn
Sp-Ibpw Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw {XnKp-W--fm bp-am-
{XnKp-W--fp-tSbpw Ah-bn\n- p--hn-n-p hkvXp-
bn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp- p.
IvJ-fpsS Pohn-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp Ah-bpsS Im-\p-kr-
X-amb kw_tbpw bYm-tbmKyw m]n-p-sIm-n- kw_w Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w F-s\-bp--Xm-
cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw bmsXm-cp- X\n-sb-Xs Cu Ipp F tNmZy-n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p.
kq-P-K-ns Fm-hy-h - -Ifpw \Sn CXn-s- 8. AMvKp-jvT-amt{Xm chn-Xp-ey-cq]x
ta `cWw \S-p-pthm Atlw k-i-n-am-\mb
kwI-ev]mlw Imc-ka - -\zntXm bx.
]c-{_--]-c-ta- iz-c-\m-Ip-p.
_ptKp-tW-\m- -Kp-tW\ ssNh
6. XZv thZ-Kp-tlym-]-\n-jp KpVw
cm{K-amt{Xm Bly-]tcm]n ZrjvSx.
XZv {_m thZtX {_-tbm\nw
a\p-jy-lr-Zbw AwKp-jT
v - ns Af-hn IW-m--
tb ]q-tZhm Ej-b XZzn-Zp
s-Sp-Ibpw B lrZ-b-ns Pohm-mhp hkn-p-
kvtX Xbm AarXm ssh _`p-hpx. Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m AXns\ AwKpjvTam{Xw (Aw-
N P
 160

I Kp-jvT-ns Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv) Fp ]d-bp-p. km[n-p-pthm A{Xbpw Pohm-mhp XS-bp-n-. tNX- K

AXns hmkvX-hn-I-kz- cq]w kqcy-t\-tmse {]Im-i-abw \m-kq-va -hk - vXp-p PU- q-e- tZ-i-tm-Sp-IqSn
(hn- m-\-abw) BIp-p. AXns\ Am-\-cq-]-am-Ip _-s-Sp-hm km[y-a-. AXn-kq-va-am-sW-n-cn-nepw
A-Imcw kv]in-p--tX-bn-. AXv k-ev]-mepw q-e-hkvXp-fn k{X hym]vX-a m-b n-c n- p-h m
Al-m-c-mepw bp-am- -s- n- cn-p-p. AXn- \m k- km[n-p-p. CtX `mh-s-Xs {Kln-n-p-Xn-\p-
ev]c- q-]-am-Ip _pn-bpsS KpW-m Al-bpw aa- thn Ah-km-\-n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-p. CXv C{Xbpw
Xbpw kw_--am-bn-cn-p--Xp-Im-cWw kqNn-ap-\-t]mse kqva-am-sW-n-cn-nepw A\-`m-h-m bp-am-bn-
AXyw kqva m-I m-c -tm-S p- I q-S n- b Xpw ]c-a m- m- cn-p--Xn AXm-bXv Ako-a-am-IpXn ka-am-Ip-
hn\np `n-hp-am-Ip-p. Pohmmhns XXzs Adn- p. AXv PU-P-K-n Fpw \nd-n-cn-p-p.
n-p m\n-If - mb ]pcp-j-m KpW--fm bp-
10. ss\h kv{Xo \ ]pam-t\jp ss]hmbw
amb Pohm-m-hns kzcq-]s Cs\ Xs In-cn-
\]pw-k -Ix.
p-p. Bm-hns kzqcq]w hmkvX- h - n AXyw
kqv a-am-Ip-p. AXn-kq-va--fmb PU-h-kvXp- bZv b-co-c-am-Zt tX\ tX\ k bqPy-tX.
AXns Xpe-\-n qe--fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXns Pohm-mhv hmkvX-h-n kv{Xobp-a-, ]pcp-j-\p-a-.
kqva-X-Xzs bmsXmcp PU-h-kvXp--fp-tSbpw Af-hn- \]pw- k-I-hp-a-. AXv Hcp ico-c - n {]th-in-p-tm
\m Af--s-Sp-hm km[y-a-. AXns eyw a\-n- AXp-ambn kwbp--sv As\-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.
em-p- -Xn-\p- thn am{Xw AXns\ kw_-- h-kX v p-hns Cv kv{Xobm-bn-cn-p Pohm-mhv ASp P-n
BIm- c- tm-Sp- IqSn hnti- jn-n-p- p. lrZ-b- tZ-ip hkn- ]pcp-j- \m-Ip-p. bmsXmv ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv
p--Xp-Im- cWw AXns\ AwKp- jvT-am- {X-]- cn-am-W-sap ]d- kv{Xobmbpw `hn-p-p. kv{Xo]p- cp- j-\-]pw-k-ImZnt`Z
bp-Ibpw _pn-Kp-W-n-sbpw AXp-t]mse B- Kp-W- ico-cs kzoI-cn-X - n-\p-ta Dm-Ip--Xm-Ipp Fp
n-sbpw kw_- - n\npw AXns\ kqNn- ap- \-bpsS `mhw. Pohm-mhv k-t`-Z-iq-\y-am-Ip-p. Fm D]m-[n- I-
BIm-c- tm-Sp-Iq-SnbsXp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p. _pn fn \npw cln-Xa - m-Ip-p.
apX-em-b-hsb kqNn-ap-\t- bm-Sp-]a - n-p-p. CXp-sIm- p-
Xs Pohm-m-hns\ ChnsS kqNn-ap-\bvp kZr-i-ambn 11. kwI-ev]-\-kv]i-\-Zr-jvSn-tam-ssl
]d- n-cn-p- p. {Kmkmw-_phrjvSym Nm-hn-hr-zn-P
kw_w ]q-a-{-n bmsXmcp Pohm-m-hns Im-\pKm-\ y-\ p-{I-taW tZlo
kzcq- ]s kqNn- ap- \bvp kZriw kqva- sap ]d-n- mt\jp cq]m-W y-` n-k w-{]-]-Zy-tX.
cn-p-pthm AXns\ hopw kv]jvS-am-pp
k-e] v w, kv]i-\w, ZrjvSn, tamlw, t`mP-\w, Pe-]m-
9. hmem-{K-i-X-`m-Kky iX[m Iev]n-Xky N \w, hrjvSn Ch-sb-mw-sImp kPo-h-amb ico-c-ns
hrnbpw Phpw Dm-Ip-p. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cpsS ]c-
`mtKm Pohx k hntbx k
kv]-c-tam-l]- q-I-amb kev]w, kv]i-\w, hoWw
Nm\-ymb Iev]-tX.
Ch hgn-bm-bp kl-hmkw Dm-bn--gn-m Pohm-
]q-a-{-n Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w kqNn-ap- mhv K`-n hcpp. FmWv CXn `mhw. ]noSv
\bvpkZriw kqva-sap ]d-n-cn-p-p. AXp amXm- hns t`mP- \w- sImpw Pe- ]m-\w-sImpw Dm- Ip
{Kln-p--Xn {`aw kw`-hn-p-hm km[y-X-bp-v. AXn- t]mj-Imw-i- hgn-bmbn AXns hfbpw P\-\hpw
\m \-Xp-t]mse {Kln-p--Xn\v hopw C{]-Imcw ]d- \S-p-p. cm-as Bibw (`m-hw) `n-`n--tbm-\n-I-
bp-p. [m\y-a-Wn-bpsS ap\sb \apv Hcp \qd-I-j-W - - fn Pohs D-nbpw hfbpw `n-`n--{]-Im-c--
fm-mw. ]ns Ah-bn\npw Hsc- -sa- S-nv AXns\ fn-em-Ipp Fm-Wv. Nne tbm\n-I-fn-em-Is Ba-ap--
hopw \qdm-bnv Ij-Wn-mw. Ah-bn Hcp Ij- W-n\v bn\n-s-- t]mse k-ev]- am- {X- bns Pohn-I-fpsS
F{X-am{Xw kqva-am-Ip-hm Ign-bptam AXm-bXv [m\y- t]mjWw \S- p-sIm- n-cn-p-p. Nne tbm\n- I-fn ]n-
a-Wn-bpsS ap\sb ]Xn-\m-bn-c-amn Ij-Wn-m AXn bpsS ap-bn\n-s--t]mse Bk-n-tbm-Sp-I q-S nb
Hcp `mK-n\v F{X-am{Xw kqva-am-Ip-hm km[n-ptam kv]i-\w- sImp kw`-hn-p-p. Nne tbm\n- I-fn ay-
AXn\p kam-\-amWv Pohm-m-hns kzcq]w Fp a\- apX- em-b- h-bn- se-tmse Bk-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb t\mw-
n-em--Ww. Cu hnh-cWw AXns kqva-Xsb ey- sIm-p-Xs kw`-hn-p-p. ap Nne tbm\n-I-fn a\p-
am-p--Xn-\p-th-n-am-{X- am-Wv. hmkvX- h-n tNX-\b- p- jy-cnepw arK--fn-epw-t]mse A- `-Ww sImpw Pe-
sSbpw kqva-hk - vXp--fp-sSbpw kzcq]w PU-q-e-h- ]m-\w-sImpw kw`-hn-p-p. Nne tbm\n-I-fn hr-e-
kvXp- -fpsS D]-a-bm a\-n-em- p-hm km[y-a-. Fp- Xm-ZnIsftmse hrjvSn-bp-m-Ip am{X-bn kw`-hn-p-
sIm- s- m [m\y- a-Wn-bpsS ap\-bpsS ]Xn-\m-bn-c-n p. C{]-Imcw \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn kPoh ico-c--fpsS
Hcp `mK-n\v BIm-i-n F{X-tZ-i-sf XS-bp-hm kwc-- Whpw XpjvSn-]p-jSv n-cq-]-hr-nbpw Phpw Dm-

N P

I Ip-p. Pohm-mhv Xs I--\p-k-c-W-ambn Ah- n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp--\v BZn-bp-a-- hp-
bpsS ^e-sf A\p-`-hn- p--Xn-\p-thn C{]-Imcw hn`n- an-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXmv Dev]-n, hn\m-
--fmb temI--fnqSn Ka-\w-sN-bvXp-sImv Hn- iw, hrn-bw apX- emb hnIm-c--fm kYm iq\y-
\p-tijw Hs {Ia-n \m\m-i-co-c-sf XpS- \m-bn-cn- p- pthm kZm GI- c-k-\m-bn- cn- p- pthm bmsXm-
bmbn kzoI-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
kw_w CXns \m\m-tbm-\n-If - nqSn XpS-bm-
bp Ka-\m-K-a\w Fp-sImp kw`-hn-pp? CXn
s\n hnh-cn-pp
12. qem\n kqvamWn _lq\n ssNh
cq]mWn tZlo kzKp-ssWhr-tWm-Xn.
{Inbm-Kp-ssW-cm--Kp-ssW tXjmw
kwtbm-K-tl-Xp-c-]tcm]n ZrjvSx.
Pohm- mhp Xm sN- s I- - fpsS kwkvm-
c--fmepw _pn, a\-,v C{n-b- CXp-t]mse ]-`q-
X- Fn-h-bpsS kapZmb cq]-am-Ip ico-c-ns
[-- fmepw bp-am-bn- cn-p-- Xp-Im-cWw Al-, aaX
apX-emb KpW-p hio`qX-ambn At\-I-a-t\Iw ico-
c-sf {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv ico-c-ns [--fn
Al-bpw aa-Xbpw `mhn-nv XZv cq]-am-bn-cn-p \m\m
{]Im-c--fn-ep-ap qehpw kqva-hp-amb cq]sf
kzoI-cn-p-p. kzw Im-\p-kr-X-ambn `n-`n--tbm-
\n-I-fn Pw kzoI-cn-p-p. Fm C{]-Imcw P-sa-
Sp-p--Xn CXv kzX-{-m-cm-bn-cn-pn. AXn-\m
k-e] v hpw I-fpw A\p- k-cnv AXmXp tbm\nIfn
CXns\ _n- n- p- Xp amscm BIp- p. Atlw ap]-
d ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p, XXz-m-\n-I Zin-p-Xpw
At-l-s- -s-bm-Wv. Ah Cu cl-ky-sf hfsc
\mbn {Kln-n-cn-p-p. ChnsS I--fpsS kwkvm-
c-\maw {Inbm-KpWw Fm-Ip-p. Fm XXz--fp-tSbpw
kap-Zmb cq]-am-Ip icocs ImWp-I, {ihn-pI apX-
emb in-I-fpsS \maw B-KpWw Fm-Ip-p. Ch-
bpsS kw_-- m Pohm-m-hn hp- `-hn-p Al-
, aa-X, Bkn apX-em-b-h-bpsS \maw kzKpWw Fp-
am-Ip-p.
kw_w A\m-Zn-Im-ew-ap-X \ne-\n-p-h-cp Cu P\-
\-a-c-W-cq-]-am-Ip _-n\npw tamN\w {]m]n-p-
-Xn-\p D]mbw FmWv? CXns\ hnh-cn-p-p.
13. A\m-Zy-\w Ien-eky-at[y
hnizky {kjv Sm-c-a-t\-I-c q]w
hniz-sskyIw ]cn-th-jvS n-Xmcw
mXzm tZhw apNytX k-]m-ssi.
]q-a-{- n bmsXm- cp-s\ Pohm-m- hns \m\m-
tbm-\n-I-tfmSpw kw_-- s-Sp-p--h-\mbn ]d-n-cn-p-
pthm bmsXm-cp- A-cym-an-cq-]-n a\p-jy-cpsS
lrZ-bc- q-]a
- m-Ip Kpl-bn nXn-sN-p-Ibpw AXp-
t]mse \ncm-Im- c-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSnb temIw apgp-h hym]n-
N P
161
K
cp- Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSn- nv hnhn-[-cq-] - -
fn {]Xy--s-Sp-Ibpw Cu temIs apgp-h Fm-`m-
K- p- \npw hebw sNbvXn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm GI-
am-{X\pw km-[m-c\pw k-i-n-am\pw Fm- n- s\bpw
`cn-p--h\pw kt-iz-c-\p-amb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-
-as\ Adn-p-sImv Cu Pohm- mhv Fs-t-b v p-
ambn Fm _-\--fn\npw XnIpw tamN\w {]m]n-
p-p.
kw_w C\n D]-kw-lm-c-ambn apI-fn ]d-n-p
Imcy- sf Hp-IqSn hy-am-n- smp ]c- am {]m]vXn-
p D]m-bs hnh-cn-p-p.
14. `mh-{Km-lya\oUmJyw `mhm-`m-h-Icw inhw.
Iem-k-Icw tZhw tb hnZpkvtX
Plp-k vX -\ pw.
B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c B{i-bc - -ln-X AXm-bXv
ico-cc - -ln-X BIp-p. AXp-t]mse PK-ns D-
nbpw kwlm- chpw \S-p--h\pw ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I- tfbpw
krjvSn-- h- \p-am-Ip- p. C- s\-sbm- s-bm-sW- nepw Ieym-
W-kz-cq-]\pw B\-a - -b-\p-amb B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {i,
`n, t{]a-`mhw Ch-bm {Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-p.
bmsXmcp a\p-jy ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-
bp- pthm Ah ico-c-tm-Sp Xs _s
Fstbvp-ambn Dt]- n- p-p. AXm-bXv Cu kwkm-
c-N- {I-n\npw Fs-t-b v p- ambn tamNn--s-Sp-p.
Cu clkyw a\-n-emn a\p-jy Ign-bp-Xpw thK-
n ]ca klr-Z-b\pw ]c-a-Z-bm-ephpw ]c-a-t{]-anbpw
k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c\pw kt-iz-c-\p-amb B ]c-
am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-n-X\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw hy{K-cmbn
{i-tbmSpw `n-`m-h-tmSpw At-l - ns Bcm-[-\-
bn hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww.
jjvTm- ymbw
1. kz`m-h-tatI Ihtbm hZn
Imew XYmt\y ]cn-ap-ly-am\mx
tZh-sskyj alnam Xp temtI
tbt\Zw {`maytX {_-N-{Iw.
Cu PK-ns ImcWw kzm`m-hn-I-am-bX - m-sWv
F{Xtbm Bfp-I ]d-n-cn-p-p. ]Zm--fn
bmsXmcp kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mb in-bp-m-bn-cn-p-p. An-
bn Cu PK-ns Imc-W-am-Ip-p. ap-Nn-e ]d-bp-Xv
Ime-amWv Cu PK-nsd Imc-W-am- Ip- -sX-m-Wv. Fp-
sIm-s- m Hmtcmtcm Ime--fnepw hkvXp-K-X-amb
 162

I in {]I-S-am-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Fm sshm-\n- hmbp, BImiw Cu Fp {]Ir-Xn-t`-Z- Ch-sb-m- K

I {`a--fn AI-s-n-cn-pp. AXn-\m Chv Cu n\pw ]pdta Al-, aa-X, Bkn apX-embn B
PK-ns hmkvX-hn-I-amb ImcWw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp- kw_-n-I-fmb kqva KpW--tfm-Sp-IqSn Pohm-m-
n-. hmkvX-h-n CXv ]c-a-tZ-h\pw k-i-n-am-\p- hns\ _-s-Sp-n-bnv Cu PK-ns\ krjvSnp Fp
amb ]c-ta-iz-cs aln-a-X- s-bm-Ip-p. PK-ns hnNn- a\-n-em--Ww. Cu cp h-\-I-fp-sSbpw Xmcyw
{X-amb cN\ Ipw Nnnpw Ign-m At-l-ns Hp-X- s- bm-Ip-p.
alXzw {]I-S-am-Ipw. Atlw Imepw kz`m-hm-
kw_w Cu cl-ky-sf a\-n-em-n-bnv km[-I
ZnIfmb Fm Imc-W-pw A[n-]-Xn-bm-Wv. Atlw
Fp-sN-Ww Fp ]d-bp-p.
hgnbmbn Cu kwkm-c-N{Iw Id--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cu clkyw a\-n-emn Cu N{I-n\npw tamN\w 4. Bc`y ImWn KpWm-\zn-Xm\n
t\Sp--Xn-\p-thn At-ls icWw {]m]n--Ww. `mhmw km hn\n-tbm-P-tbZv bx
2. tb\m-hrXw \nXy-anZw ln khw tXjm-a-`mth IrX-I-\mix
x Ime-Imtem KpWo-k-hnZyx I-tb bmXn kX-XztXm\yx.
tXt\-inXw I hnhtX l bmsXmcp I-tbmKn kXzw, cP- ,v Xav Fo KpW-
]rYz]vtX tPm\neJm\n Nnyw. -fm hy]vX-amb Xs hw, B{i-aw, ]cn-X-nXn
Ch-b v -\p- Iq-e-ambn I-hy-I-sf Bcw-`n-nv Ah-
bmsXmcp PKnb-mhpw PK-Zm-[m-chpw Bb ]c-ta-
tbbpw Xs Fm-hn-[-n- ep- ap Al- , aa-X, Bkn
iz-c-\m ]q-amb Cu PKv Ftmgpw Fm Ah-
apX-emb `mh--tfbpw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\nt#
-I-fnepw hym]-X-am-bn-c-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- Ime-
kan-mepw B ka-W-m B I--tfm-Sp-Iq-
n-sbpw alm-Im-e-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-
Sn-bp km[-Is kw_w Ah-ti-jn-p-n-m--Xp-
cp- m\-kz-c q-] \pw Nn- -b \pw ]c-a m- mhpw
Im-cWw Ah Ah\p ^ew \Ip-n-. C{]-Imcw Ah-
kplrpw kakvX Znhy-Kp-W--fm \nXy-k-\pw
bpsS A`mhw Dm-Ip--Xn\p ap]mbn sN-s-n-p
Bbn-cn-p-p-hthm Fm KpW-fpw bmsXm-cp-s
kn-X- -fmb I-kw-k v m-c- -fpsS Dq-e-\miw kw`-
kzcq-]-`q-Xhpw m\-hp-am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-X- X
hn-p-p. C{]-Imcw I--fpsS \miw kw`-hn-p--Xp-
kakvX {_m-WU v -tbpw \m-b-dn-n-cn-p-pthm
Im-cWw Ah AXn-thKw ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
At-l-ms \S--s-Sp Cu PKNv N{Iw \nb-
Fp-sIm-s- m hmkvX-h-n Cu Pohm-mhv PU-
a-]q-Ia - m-bn- s Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Atlw
X-Xz-k-ap-Zm-b--fn \npw k-Ym-`n-hpw AXp-t]mse
]rYzn, Pew, tXP-v, hmbp, BImiw Fo ]-a-lm-`q-
Akm-[m-c-W-hp-a-Ip-p. Ah-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp CXns
X-- fp- sS-ta `cWw \S-n-smv Chsb Xmm-- fpsS
_w Al-, aa-X, apX-em-bh aqe-ap-m-bn-p--Xm-W.v
Imcy- {]hn- p--Xn\p in-{]-Zm\w sNbvXp
kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-p- -X-.
{]hn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. At-l-ns in-tbm-
- msX Chbvv Hpw sNp-hm km[n-p-n- kw_w I-tbm-Ks hn-nv C\n D]m-k-\m-cq-
Sp-Iq-Sn-b
. Cu clkyw a\-n-em-n-bnv a\p-jy k-i-n-am- ]-amb cm-as km[-\sb hn-p-p.
\mb B ]c- ta-iz- cs\ D]-cyp--amb `mh-tm-Sp- IqSn Nnn- 5. BZnx k kwtbm-K-\n-an--tlXpx
- Ww.
]c-kv{Xo-Imem ZItem]n ZrjvSx
3. XXvI IrXzm hn\n-hy `qb Xw hniz-cq]w `h-`q-X-aoUyw
kvXzky Xtz\ ktaXy tbmKw tZhw kzNn--kY ap]mky ]qw.
FtI\ Zzm`ymw {Xn`n-cj
- vS-`nhm
kakvX PK-n-sbpw BZn-Im-c-W\pw k-i-n-
Imte\ ssNhm--Kp-ssW kqvssax. am-\p-amb B ]c- ta- iz- c {XnImepw kYm AXo-
]c-ta- iz-cXs Xs in`qX- amb aqe- {]-Ir- Xn-bm X-\m-Ip-p. At-l-n Ime-n-t-Xmb bmsXmcp t`Z-
]-qe alm-`q-Xn-I-fpsS cN-\m-Iw \n-ln-nv fpw C. `qX-Im-ehpw `mhn-Im-ehpw At-l-ns
Ahsb \nco- np ]noSp PU-X -X z- -tfm- S p-I qSn ZrjvSn-bn h-am- \-Imew Xs- bm-Ip-p. Atlw ]Xn-
tNX\mX-Xzs kwbp--am-n-bnv \m\m-cq-] - -fn \mdp Ie-I-fn\npw cln-X -\m-b npw temI-tmSp
A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky-amb hnNn{X {]]s krjvSnp. AXm- kYm kw_-- c-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-npw {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
bXv Ahn-Zy. ]pWyhpw ]m]hpw IqSnb knX-I Pohs\ kwtbm-Pn-n-p Imc-W-n-sbpw Imc-W-\m-
kwkvm-cw, kXzw cPv Xav Fo aqp KpW-. Ip- p. Cmcyw Cu cl-kys Adn-n-cn-p
Imew, a\-v, _pn, Almcw, ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv, m\nIfmb alm-m-hgn ImW-s-Sp-p. B ]c-ta-

N P
 163

I iz-c Xs GI-am-{X-kvXp-Xnv tbmKy-\m-Ip-p. At- mt{ijvT-\mbn amcpw C. Atlw Xs Cu PK- K

ls At\z-jnp ap Zqscsbpw t]mtI-. Bh-iy- ns k-t{i-jT v - amb Imc-W-\m- Ip-p. Atlw k-
an-. Atlw \psS lrZ-b - ns nXn-sN-p- cq-] -tm-S p-I q-S n-b -h -\m-bn-cp- npw Fm- n\npw
p. Cmcyw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-nv Fm {]Im-c--fn-ep- kYm thdn-p-\np-p.
ap cq]w [cn-p--h-h\pw PK-ns cq]-n {]I-S-
8. \ Xky Imcyw IcWw N hnZytX
am-bn-p--h\pw km[mc\pw k-i-n-am\pw ]c-a-tZ-
h\pw Bb ]c-ta-iz-cs D]m-k\ \Sn At-ls \ Xam`y[nI Zriy-tX.
{]m]n- -Ww. ]cmky inhn-hn-ss[h {ipbtX
kw_w C\n m\-tbm-K-cq- ]-amb aqm-as km[- kzm`m-hn-Io-m-\-_-e-{Inbm N.
\sb hnh-cn- p-p. Pohn-I-sf-tmse B ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hn\v Imcy-Im-
6. k hr-Im-em-Ir-Xn`nx ]tcmt\ym c-W- ico-chpw C{nbfpw C AXm-bXv At-
l-n tZl-ntdbpw C{n-b - -fp-tSbpw t`Z-
bkvamXv {]]x ]cn-htXbw
C. Atlw C{n-b- IqSm-sX-Xs Fm C{n-b--
[mhlw ]m]-\pZw `tKiw fnepw {]h\w \S-p-p. At-l-t-m hen-b-h-
mXzm---a-arXw hniz-[m-aw. \mbpw kam-\-\mbpw amcpw ImW-s-Sp-n-. hmkvX-h-
n At-l-n\npw `n- ambn bmsXmpw Xs-
bmsXm-cp-s ANny in-bpsS {]`m-h-m
bn-. B ]c-ta-iz-cs m\w, _ew, {Inbm-cq-]-kz-cq-]-
Cu {]]cq-]-am-Ip kwkmcw \nc- cw Id-n-sm-n-
`q-X-amb Znhyin Ch \m\m-{]-Im-c--fn tI-s-Sp-
cn-p-pthm B ]c-am-mhv Cu kwkm-c-am-Ip hrw,
p.
Imew, BIrXn Ch-bs v mw AXo-X\pw `n\pw BIp-
p. AXm-bXv Atlw {]]-- tmSp kYm kw_-- 9. \ Xky InXv ]Xn-ckvXn temtI
c-ln-X\pw Ime-t-tmepw {Kkn-p--h\pw AXp-t]mse \ tNinXm ss\h N Xky enMvKw
BIm-c -c-ln-X\pw BIp-p. Fn- cp-mepw Atlw
kIm-cWw Ic-Wm-[n]m[nt]m
[s hfp--h\pw ]m]s \in-n-p--h\pw
Fm sFiz-cy--fp-tSbpw A[n-]X - nbpw ka-kX v -P-K-n- \ Nmky In--\nXm \ Nm[n-]x.
tbpw B[m-c- hp-am-Ip-p. Cu kq-amb hnizw At- PK-n ]c-am-m-hns kzman-bm-bnv Bcpw C.
l-s- s B{i- bn-n-cn- p-p. At-l-nsd k- Fmw At-l-ns Zmk-mcpw tkh-I- mcpw BIp- p.
bm Xs Dd-p-\n-evp-p. B-cym-an-bmbn Atlw At-l-ns A[n-Im-cn-bmbpw At-l-ns ta
\psS lrZbfnepw Dv. C{]-Imcw At-ls Adn- `cWw \S-p--h-\mbpw Bcp-an-. Fmw At-l-
nv m\- t bm- K n- I A ar- X - k z- c q- ] - \ mb B
ns Bbpw t{]c-Wbpw A\p-k-cn-p-sImv At-
]ctaizcs\ {]m]n-p-p. l- ns \nb-{-W- n Ign-b p-p. At-l- n\v
kw_w BZys Aym- b-X-n bmsXm- cp--cpsS bmsXmcp Nn-hn-ti-j-fpw C; Fp-sIm-s-m
h\w hn- cp-pthm Ah [ym\w hgn-bmbn ]c-am-m- Atlw k{X ]cn-]q-\m-Ip-p. \ncm-Im-c\pw AXp-
hns\ {]Xy-- am-nb alm-m- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. t]mse ]c-a-Im-c-W-\pw, Imc-W--fpsS Imc-W-hpw, Fm
Ax-I-c-W--fp-tSbpw C{n-b--fp-tSbpw A[n-jT v m-\-tZ-
7. Xao-iz-cmWmw ]caw atl-izcw h-X-bp-sSbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw BIp-p.
Xw tZh-Xm\mw ]caw N ssZh-Xw. Cu ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c\v bmsXmcp P\-I-\p-an-. Ctlw
]Xnw ]Xn\mw ]caw ]c-kvXmZv AP-mhpw k\mX\pw BIp-p.
hnZma tZhw `pht\iao-Uyw. 10. bkvX
- p-\m` Ch Xp`nx {][m-\ssPx kz`mh
tXm tZh GIx kzmam-hr-tWm-Xv.
B ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-a Fm Cuizc- m-cp-sSbpw
temI-]m-e-I-m-cp-sSbpw alm-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-Ip-p. kt\m Z[m-Zv{_-m-]y-bw.
AXm- bXv Ah- scmw At-l-n- - [o- \- cm-bnv {]]-s
F{]-Imcw Nnen Xm {]I-S-am--s Xp-Pm-e-
`cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- p. Atlw Fm tZh- X-I-fp- tSbpw ]c-
- fm kzbw BOm-Zn-X-am-bn-cn- p- p-hthm AtX- {]- Imcw
am-cm-[y-\mIpp. Fm ]Xn-If - p-tSbpw c- I- m-cp-sSbpw
GI-tZ-h\
- mb ]c-a-]p-cp-j-]-c-ta-iz-c Xs kzcq-]-`q-X-am-
]c-a-]X- nbpw AXp-t]mse Fm {_m-WvU--fp-tSbpw
b, apJyhpw Znhyhpw Bb, ANn-y-i-n-bm Dev]--
kzmanbpw BIp-p. kvXpXn--s-Sp- hm tbmKy\pw {]Im-
amb A\---fmb Imcy--fnqSn kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-
i-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-a-tZ-h-\p-amb B ]c-am-m-hns\ \-
s kzbw BOm-Zn-X -am-n-sh-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
sfmw Fm-n-ep-ap-]-cn-bmbn Adn-bp-p. At-l-t-
Xm- c- W- m temI-Po- hn-Iv At- l- s Zin- p-

N P

I hm km[n-p-n-. k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-amb B
]c-am-mhv \t-sbmw AJn- e- n-tbpw ]c-am-{i-b-`q-
X-amb Xs ]c-{_--kz-cq-]
- n {]Xn-jvTn--s.
11. GtIm tZhx k-`q-tXjp KqVx
k-h ym]o kh-`q-Xm--c m- m.
Im-[ yx kh-`q-Xm-[ n-hmkx
kmo tNXm tIhtem \nKp-W-.
GI-\mb B ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-c Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-
b-cq-]-am-Ip Kpl-I-fn Hfn- p-hk
- n-p-p. Atlw
k-hym-]nbpw Fm PohnIfptSbpw A-cym-an-bmb ]c-
am-mhpw BIp-p. Atlw Xs Fm I--fp-
tSbpw A[n-jT v m-Xmhpw Ahbvv Im-\p-kr-X--fmb
^e-sf \Ip--h\pw kakvX Pohn-I-fpsS \nhm-k-
m-\hpw B{i-bhpw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse Atlw
Xs Fm-n- sbpw kmnbpw ip`m-ip-`-I-sf
Ip-sIm-n-cn-p--h\pw ]c-a-tN-X-\m-kz-cq-]\pw AJn-
e-n\pw ssNX-\ys {]Zm\w sNp--h\pw kYm
hnip-\pw AXm-bXv \nw-K\pw {]mIr-Xn-I-K-W-U-
-Xo-X-\p-am-Ip-p.
12. GtIm hio \njv{In-bmWmw _lp \m
taIw _oPw _lp[m b Itcm-Xn.
Xam-w tb\p]-iyn [ocm
kvtXjmw kJw imizXw t\X-tc-jmw.
bmsXmv hnip--tN-X-\m-kz-cq-]-amb ]a-tc-iz-cs
Awiw Bb-Xp-Im-cWw hmkvX-h-n \njv{In-b-am-cn-bn-
p-pthm A- s\-bp A\- - - fmb Pohm-m- - fpsS
bmsXm-cp- \nb-mhpw I-^-e-sf \Ip--h-\p-
am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp- GI-{]-Ir-Xn-cq-]-a mb
_oPs At\Iw {]Im-c--fn krjvSn-nv Cu hnNn-
{X-P-K-ns cq]-n Bn- opthm lrZ-b - n-
X-\mb B ]c-a-i-n-am-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c\ bmsXmcp [oc-]p-
cp-j \nc-cw Zin-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm \nc-cw
At- l- n X- b- ambn hkn- p-pthm Ahv Fpw
\ne-\np ]c-am-\w {]m]vX-am- Ip-p. ap--hv
AXm-bXv bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw At-ls \nc-cw
Nnn-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm Ahv B ]c-am-\w e`y-am-
Ip-n. Ah AXn\npw hn-X-cmbn hkn-p-p.
13. \ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m-\m
tatIm _lp\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam
XXv ImcWw kmwJy-tbm-Km[n Kayw
mXzm tZhw apNytX kh-]m-ssix.
\nXy-tN-X-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw k-i-n-am\pw km-
[m-c-hp-amb ]c-am-mhv X\n-tb-Xs hf-sc-b-[nIw \nXy-
tN-X-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Pohm-m--fpsS I ^em-\p-`-h--
fpsS hn[m\w \S- n-sm-n-cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-
N P
164
Cu hnNn-{X-amb PK-ns\ krjvSn-nv Fm Poh-k-ap- K
Zmbpw thn Ah- bpsS Im- \p-kr- X- - fmb ^e-
t`m- K- hy- h-- I \S- n- sm- n- cn- p- pthm At- ls
{]m]n- p- - Xn\v cp km[- \-I Dv Hv m\- tbmKw;
cv I-tbm-Kw. `n cnepw A\p-kyq-X-am-Ip-p.
Cm-c-W-m Ahsb {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hn-p-
hm km[y-a-. B m\-tbm-Khpw I-tbm-Khpw hgn-
bmbn {]m]n--s-Sp-hm tbmKy-\mb AJn-e-Im-c-W-kz-cq-
]-\mb ]c-a-tZh ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-nv a\p-jy Fm
_- \ --f n\npw kYm ap-c m-bn- o-c p- p.
bmsXm-cp- At-ls Adn-bp-pthm {]m]n-p-
pthm Ah Hcn-epw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw P\-\-
a-c-W_ - --\--fn ]Xn-p-n-. AXn-\m a\p-jyv
k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-hp-amb B ]c-am-m-hns\
{]m]n-p--Xn\v X-fpsS tbmKy-Xbpw cpNnbpw A\p-k-
cnv m\-tbm-Ktam I-tbm-Ktam GsX-nepw Hcp
km[-\-bn Xmev]-cy-]qw hym]r-X- cm-bn-cn--Ww.
14. \ X{X kqtcym `mXn \ N{-Xm-cIw
t\am-hn-ZyptXm `mn ItXmba-nx.
Xtah `m-a-\p-`mXn khw
Xky-`mkm kh-anZw hn`m-Xn.
]c-am-\ kzcq-]-\-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-cs kao-]w Cu
kqcy\v Xs {]Imiw ]c-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. kqtcym-
Z-b-n anm-an-\p-ns {]Imiw e]vX- am-bn-tm-Ip--
Xp- t]mse kqcys tXPpw AhnsS ep]vX-am-bn- cn-p- p.
N{, \-{X-, CSn-an- Chbvpw AhnsS Ch-
bpsS {]Imiw {]k-cn-n-p-hm Ign-bp-n-. ]ns Cu
temI-nse An-bpsS Imcyw Fn\p ]d-bpp? Fp-
sIm-s-m Cu temI- {]Im-in-p Fm-X-Xz-
fpw ]ca {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns
{]Im-i-i- n-bpsS GtXm Aev]mw-is {]m]n- np {]Im-
in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ]ns Ahbvv X-fpsS {]Im-i-
Is kao]w Fs\ {]Im-in-p-hm Ignbpw? AXn-
\m Cu kq-amb PKv PK-Zm-m-hmb B ]pcp-
tjm--as {]Im-i- n\npw {]Im-in- p-sIm- n-cn-
pp Fp-Xs a\-n-em--Ww.
15. GtIm lwtkm `ph-\-kymky at[y
k Ghmnx kente kw\n-hnjvSx
Xtah hnZn-XzmXn arXyp-taXn
\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\m-b.
Cu temI-n {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-
c k{X ]cn-]q-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Atlw Pe-n
nXn-sN-p-p. An-bm-bn-cn-p-p. ioXf kz`m-h-tm-
Sp- Iq-Snb Pe-n DjvW-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq- Snb An-bpsS
`mhw km[m-cW ZrjvSnp a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-n-
. Fp-sIm-s-m cn-sbpw kz`m-h - ]c-

I kv]cw hn`n---fm-Wv. Fn-cp-mepw AXns cl-
kys {Kln-n-p sshm-\n-I-mv CXv {]Xy--
ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw ]c-am-mhv Cu PU PK-
n\npw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Akm-[ m-c-W-am-Ip- p.
Fp-sIm-s-m Atlw ssNX-\y-hm\pw m\-kz-
cq-]\pw k-\pw BIp-p. AXp-t]mse Cu PKv
PU-hp-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw PK-n\p hncp--ambn ImW-
s-Sp-Xp ImcWw km[m-cW ZrjvSnv Atlw CXn
{]Imcw hym]vX- \m-bn-cn-pp Fp Imcyw a\-n-em-
Ip-n-. Fm bmsXm- cp- B ]c-{_--ns ANn-
yhpw Ap-X-Ic - -hp-amb in- bpsS cl-kys Adn-
bp- pthm Ah\v CXv {]Xy- - ambn k{X ]cn-]qhpw
Fm-n-tbpw GI-am-{X-hp-amb Imc-Whpw F {]Xo-
Xn-bp-f-hm-p-p. k-i-n-am\pw km-[m-c-hp-amb B
]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-p-Xs a\p-jy Cu arXyp-cq-]-am-
Ip kwkm-c-k-ap-{Z-ns A-c-IS- -I-p-p Fs-
t-b v p-ambn P\-\ -a-c -W --f n\npw ]q-a mbn
tamN\w t\Sp-p. At-l-ns Znhy-[m-a-{]m-]vXn-p-
thn ap bmsXmcp am--fp-an-. AXn-\m \apv B
]c-am-m-hns Pnm-kp-f - m-bnv At-ls Adn-bp-
-Xn-\p {]h-\--fn hym]r-X-cm-I-Ww.
kw_w bmsXm-cp-s\ Adn-bp--Xp-sImv P\-\-a- sN-p-p. k-\pw k{X ]cn-]q-\p-amb B ]c-
c-W--fn\npw H-gn-hm-Ipp F Imcyw ]d-n-cn-p- ta-iz-c Xs Cu alm {_m-WvUs kwc-n-p-
p, B ]c-ta-iz-c F-s\-bp--Xm-Ipp? Cm-cy- p. Atlw Xs Cu ]q-P-K-ns\ Ftmgpw bYm-
n At-l-ns kzcq]w hn--s-Sp-p. tbmKyw \nb-{n-p-sImp \bnpp. ap bmsXm-n-
16. k hniz-IrZv hniz-hn-Zm--tbm-\n
x Ime Imtem KpWo k-hnZv bx.
{][m\ t{X--]-XnKp-tWix
kwkm-c-tam-- nXn _-tl-Xpx.
bmsXm-c p- s {]I-cWw XpSp-s Im- n-c n-p-
pthm m\ kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a
AJn-e-P-K-n-sbpw cN-bn-Xmhpw k-\pw Xs-
s {]I-S-am-p--Xn kzbw tlXp-hp-am-Ip-p. At-
ls {]Xy--am-p ap bmsXmcp Imc-W-hp-an-.
Atlw Ime-sbpw alm-Im-e-\ m-Ip-p. Ime-n-\p-
t]mepw At-l- nhsc Fp-hm Ign-b p- n- .
Atlw Imem-Xo-X-\m-Wv. k-i-n-am-\mb B ]c-ta-iz-
c kulmw, t{]aw, Zb apX-emb Fm awK-f-a-b--
fmb Znhy-Kp- W--fm k--\m-Ip- p. temI- n F{X-
am{Xw ip`-Kp-W- Ip-hc - p-pthm Ah-sbmw B
Znhy-Kp-W--fpsS GsXnepw Aev]mw-i- ns Hcp
Xnfw am{X- am-Ip-p. Atlw Fm Pohn-I-tfbpw Ah-
bpsS I-- tfbpw A\-- amb {_m-WvU-n-\p-n
aqp-Im-e- -fnepw kw`-hn-p-s Im-n-cn- p Ghpw
sNdn-bXpw Ghpw hen-bX - p-amb kw`-h-sf \-Xp-
t]mse Adn-p-sIm- n-cn-p-p. Atlw {]Ir-Xn-bp-
tSbpw Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-n-tbpw (Xs ]cm-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn-I-
N P
165
fp-sS) kzman-bm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Imcy-Im-cW cq]-- K
fn nX-am-bn-cn-p kXz-c- P-kvXtam KpW--fpsS \nb-
{-Whpw bYm-tbmKyw \S-p-p. Atlw Xs Cu
P-ar-Xyp-cq-]-am-Ip kwkm-c-N{- I-n Pohn-Isf Ah-
bpsS Im-\p-kr-X-ambn _n-n-Spp; Ahsb kwc-
n- p-Ibpw Cu _-\-n\npw Ahsb ap-cm-
p- Ibpw sNp-p. At-l-ns Ir]-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- s
Pohn-I apn-p km[-\-I-fn apgp-In-bnv km[-\-
bpsS ]cn-]m-I-am-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn ap-cm-Ip-p.
17. k Xtbm lyarX Cui-kwtm
x ktKm `ph-\-kymky tKm]vXm.
b Cuti Aky PKtXm \nXy-tah
\mt\ym tlXphn-ZyX Cui-\m-b.
]c-{_ ]c-ta-i z-c Cu PK- ns cq]-n
nX\pw Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw GI-c-k-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-am-
Ip-p. Cu PK-ns D-n-hn-\m-k-Ik - z-cq-]--fm-
Ip ]cn-h -\ - -tfm-S p-I qSn At-l - ns ]cn-
h\w kw`- hn-p-n-. Atlw Fm Cuiz- c-m-cnepw
Fm temItfbpw ]cn-]m-en-p--Xn\v \nbp--cm-n-
bn-p temI-]m-e-I-m-cn-epw, A-cym-an-cq-]-n nXn-
t\bpw Cu PK-n-s-ta `cWw \S-p--Xn\v D]-bp-
-tl-Xp-hmbn {]Xo-X-a m-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m
ampw-Xs Fm-ns taepw `cWw \S-p-hm
Ignbp-n- .
kw_w D]-cyp--amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xn\pw
{]m]n-p--Xn\pw km[-Is cq]-n At-l-s-
s icWw {]m]n-t {]Im-cs ]d-bp-p.
18. tbm {_mWw hnZ[mXn ]qw
tbm ssh th Zmw {]ln-tWmXn Xkvssa
Xw l tZh-am--_p-n-{]-Imiw
aap-pssh ic-W-alw {]]-tZy.
B ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p--Xn-\p km-`u-ahpw
kpK-a-hp-amb D]mbw k-`m-h--tfm-Spw-IqSn \n`-c-ambn
At-l-ns Xs ic-W-n Fn- t-cpIp Fp-
- X m- W v . A Xn- \ m km[ - I \v a\- p- h - g n- b mbn
Xmsgdbp `mhs Nnn- p-sImv ]c-am-m-hns ic-
W-n sNp-tN-c-Ww. bmsXmcp ]c-ta-iz-cXs
Ghpw BZy-ambn Xs \m`n-I-a-e-n\npw {_m-
hns\ D-hn-n-pthm D-hn-n-- Xn-\p-tijw At- l-n\v
Fm thZ--fp-tSbpw m\w {]mZ\w sNbvXp-thm, AXp-
t]mse bmsXm-cp- Xs kzcq-]- ns m\w {Kln-
n-p--Xn-\p-thn Xs `-m-cpsS lrZ-bfn
 166

I XZ\pcq-]-amb hnip _pn {]I-S-am-p-pthm B k- tizXm-iz-X-c-a-ljn kzX-] - ns {]`m-h-m ka-

K
i-n-am\pw {]kn--tZ-h-\p-amb ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm--a- kvX-hn-j-bkpJ--tfbpw ]cn-Xy- Pnv kwb-a-tm-Sp-Iq- Snb
\n Rm tamm-`n-em,-m bp-\mbn icWw {]m]n- PohnXw \bnv \nc-cw ]c-am Nn-bn ebnv B
p-p. Atlw Xs Cu kwkm-c-N-{I-n\npw ]c-a-tZ-h-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs Assl-Xp-In-bmb Zb-bm
Fs tamNn-n--s. At-ls Adn-n-cp-p. ]noSv Ejn-am-cm tkhn-X-
19. \njvIew \njv{Inbw imw \nc-hZyw \mbn Ah-cpsS ]c-a-e-y-amb Cu ]c-a-]-hn-{X-amb {_-
\nc-Rv P \w X-Xzm-{i-a-ns Al-m-c-n\pw kYm AXo-X-\mbn
tZlm-`n-am-\-iq-\y-cmb A[n-Im-cn-Isf \-Xp-t]mse D]-tZ-
Aar-Xky ]cw tkXpw PKvt[--\-an-hm-\-ew. in-p-sIm-n-cp-p. CXn\npw tZlm-`n-am\iq\y-\mb
\nKp-Whpw \ncm-Im-c-hp-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ D]m-k\ km[-IXs {_-X- Xz-ns D]-tZiw {ihn-p--Xn-
\S-p km[-I\v C{]-Im-c-ap `mh-\- -fp-m-bn-cn--Ww. \p bYmm-h-Im-in-sbv Cu a{- n sXfn-bn--
AXm-b Xv ]Xn\mdp Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \pw kwkm-c- s- n-cn-p- p.
ns _--fm cln-X\pw XnIpw {Inbm-iq-\y\pw
22. thZmt ]caw Kplyw ]pc-Ievt]
]c-a-im-\pw kIe tZmjfm cln-X-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww.
{]tNm-Zn-X w.
bmsXmv Aar-X-kz-cq-]-amb tam-ns tkXp-hm-bn-
cn-p-pthm AXm-bXv bmsXm-ns\ B{i-bn-n-p-a-\p- \m{]-im-mb ZmXhyw \m]p-{Xm-
jyv AXyw kpK-a-Xm-]qw Cu kwkmc kap-{Z- bm-in-jymb hm]p\x
ns Ac IS-p--Xn\p km[n-p-pthm bmsXmcp
Cu ]ca cl-ky-amb m\s ]q-Ie - ]
v -nepw
XSn-b sS ]mn-h -a mb Awiw Ingn-Xns
thZ-ns Ana `mK--fmb D]-\n-j-pfnepw \-
tijw Pzen- p-sIm-n-c n- pp I\-e p-I p-X peyw
Xp- t]mse hn-n- p-m-bn-cp-p. Cu m\-nsd ]c-
kYm \nhn-Im-c\pw \n-e\pw {]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw
c Iev]-Ie - v]m--c-ambn XpSp-hc - p-p. CXp ]pXnb
m\-kz-cq-]\pw ]c-a-ssN- X-\y-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h- \p-amb B
Imcy-sam-p-a Fp kmcw. CXns D]-tZiw Bp
\nKp-W- \n-cm-Imc ]c-am-m-hns\ XmXzn-I-ambn Adn-bp--
ISp- -s-p, Bp sImSp- -s-n-, C- s\-bp kwi-
Xn\v At-l-s- s ey- amn Nnn-p-sIm-n- cn-p-
b-n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. ""bmsXm-cp-s Ax-I-cWw
p.
hnj-bkpJ- fm iq\y-ambn kYm im- am-Im-Xn-cn-
kw_w Cu kwkm-c_ - ---fn \npw tamN\w p-pthm A-s\-bp a\p-jy\v Cu clkyw D]-tZ-
t\Sp-- Xn\v t\ct ]d-n- p kwK- Xn-I- f-\p-k-cnv ]c- in-p-sIm-Sp-phm ]mSn; AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp-
am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-I-b-msX ap bmsXmcp]mb--fp-an-. Xs ]p{Xt\m AYhm injyt\m Am-Xn-cn-p-p-thm,
AXns\ Hp-IqSn Zr-V-s-Sp--p. Ah\pw AXns\ Zm\w sNp-hm ]mSn-.'' kmcw Fs-
20. bZm N-h-Zm-Imiw thjvS-bn-jyn m HpIn im- Nn--\m-bn-p Ah-Im-inp
am\hmx \IWw As-n kzw ]p{Xt\m injyt\m \I-
Ww. FpsImsm ]p{X-m-scbpw injy-m-scbpw
XZm tZh-a-hn-mb ZpxJkytm `hn-jy-Xn.
Ah-Im-in-I- fm-n-ot-Xp ]nXm--m-cp- sSbpw Kpcp-
F{X-tmfw XpI-en\p Xpeyw Npcp-p-hm a\p-jysc - m-cp-sSbpw tPmen-bm-Ip- p. AXn- \m Ah t\c- t-
kw_-n- n-S-tmfw BIm-is Akw-`-hy- am-Ip-pthm Xs Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-cn--W-sa \nb-a-sampw C.
Fm a\p-jycpw Hn- p-Iq-Sn-bmepw Cmcyw km[y-am-Ip-
23. bky tZth ]cm `nbYm tZth
n- tbm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bmsX
XYm Kpcu
Bpw Cu ZpxJ-k-ap-{Z-ns A-sc-sb-p-hm
km[y-a-. AXn-\m a\p-jyp ZpxJ--fn \npw XsskytX IYnXm lyYmx
\nXy-ambn tamN\w t\Sp--Xn\pw ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-p- {]Im-it alm
-Xn\pw thn asm `mK--fn\npw a\-ns\ amn-
\x. {]Im-it alm--\x.
bnv GI-am-{X-\mb At-ls Adn-bp--Xn-\p km[-
\Ifn Xo{h-amb Bi-tbm-Sp-IqSn hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn--Ww. bmsXmcp km[-I\v ]ca tZh-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n ]c-a-
amb `n-bp-m-Ip-pthm IqSmsX F{]-Imcw ]c-ta-iz-c-
21. X]x-{]-`m-hmZv tZh-{]-km-Zm {_
\n k-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm A{]-Imcw Xs Xs Kpcp-
l tizXm-iz-XtcmY hnZzm hnepw BIp-p. B alm-m-hmb ]pcp-js lrZ-b-
AXym-{i-an`yx ]caw ]hn{Xw nXs Cu hn- -s -n-p cl-k y-a -b -amb
t{]mhmN kay-Kr-j n-kw-L -Pq-jvSw. Aw {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Pnm-

N P

I kp- ]q-{i-m-ep-fpw `mcpw Bbn-cn--Ww.
bmsXm-cp-\p ]q-amb {ibpw `nbpw Dm-bn-cn-
p-pthm B alm-m-hns lrZ-b-n Cu KqVm-i-
b- {]Im-in-p-p. {Kns ]cn-ka - m-]vXnsb
kqNn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Cu a{-nse An-a -hm-
Iys ]p\-cm-hn- n-cn-p-p.
1sFXtctbm- ] - \ n- j v
3
imn- ] mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta hmNn
{] X n- j vTn- X - a m- h n- c - h o a. G [ n. thZk y a
BWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-kox. At\-\m-[o-
tX- \ m- tlm- c m- {Xm kwZ [man- E Xw hZn-j ym- an.
kXyw hZn- j yman Xm- a - h - X p. XZz- m- c - a - h Xp
AhXp ama-hXp hm-c-a-hXp hm-cw.
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
EtKz-Zob sFX-tc-bm-c-Wy-I-n cmw Bc-Wy-I-
ns \mepw Apw Bdpw Aym-b-sf sFX-tc-tbm-
]-\n-jv F t]cn Adn-bp-p. Cu aq-ym-b--fn-
embn {_-hn-Zy-bpsS {]m[m-\ys hnh-cn-p-p. CXp-
sImv CXns\ D]-\n-j-mbn Icp-Xp-p.
Cu imn-]m-T- n Fm {]Im-c-n-ep-ap hnLv\-
sf ]cn-l-cn-p--Xn\v ]c-ta-iz-c-t\mSp {]mn-p-p.
"tl kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-th, Fs a\v
hmWn-bn nX-ambn \ntW hmWn a\-n nX-
am-bn-cn--tW. AXm-bXv Fs a\pw hmWnbpw Hmbn
{]hn--tW. Rm hmWn-bm Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-p-
Ibpw a\v asm-ns\ Nnn-p-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cn--tW.
AYhm a\-n-sempw hmWn-bn asmpw Nnn-p-
Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNm-Xn- cn--sW. Fs k-e] v -fpw
hN-\-fpw hnip--am-bnv GI-`m-h-ap--Xm-bn-o-ctW!
tl {]Imi kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cm, Av F\n-p-thn
{]Xy--s-m-epw. A-bpsS tbmK-am-b-bpsS ad Fs
N P
167
imn-] mTw K
Hmw kl \mh-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p.
kl hocyw
Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X -a-kvXp.
am hnZznjm hssl.
Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
CXns Aw Bcw-`-n sImSp-n-p-v.
lrZ-b - n\npw amn-bm-epw. (C-{]-Imcw ]c-am-m-hn-
t\mSp {]mn-nv D]m-k-I Xs a\-n-t\mSpw hmWn-
tbmSpw ]dbp-p) Atbm a\-t, hmWo, \n cpw
F\nv thZ-kw-_-- amb m\-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-p--h-
cm-bn-o-cq. \n-fpsS klm-b-m F\nv thZ-hn-j-
b-I-amb m\w {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Kpcp-ap-J-p-
\npw tIn-p-Xpw Fs A\p-`-h - n hn-p-X - p-
amb m\w Fs XyPn-m-Xn-cn--tW. AXm-bXv Ah
Ftmgpw Fs kvac-W-bn \ne-\n-tW. Rm
Ahsb Hcn-epw ad-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fs Ay-b\w
hgn cmhpw ]Iepw Hm-n-op-hm Rm\m-{K-ln-p-
p. AXm-bXv cmhpw ]Iepw XpS-bmbn {_-hnZy ]Tn-
p--Xn\pw AtX-n Nnn-p--Xn\pw km[n--tW.
Fs ka-b-ns Hcw-iw-t]mepw hy-ambn \jvS-s-
Sm-Xn-cn--tW. Rms\s hmp-IsImv kYm D-
ahpw bmsXm-cp-X-c-n-ep-ap tZmj--fn-m-Xpw kXyw
Xpfp-n-\np--Xp-amb Dm-cWw \S-mw. ImWp-Xpw
tIp-Xpw a\-n-em-p-Xpw Bb `mh-sf AtX-
co-Xn-bns {]I-Sn-n-mw. AXn bmsXmcp hyXym-
khpw hcp-p-I-bn-. (C-{]-Imcw Xs hmWn-tbbpw a\-
n-t\bpw ZrV-h-m-n-bnv hopw ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSv
{]mn-p- p) B ]c-{_ ]c-am- mhv Fs cn-t-
tW. B ]c-ta-iz-c {_-hnZy ]Tn-n-p Fs BNm-
cys\ cn- -tW. Fs Ay-b\ - -n bmsXmcp
hnLv\ - fpw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v Fsbpw Fs
BNm-cy-t\bpw B ]c-am-mhv cn--tW. B[n-`u-Xn-
Ihpw B[n-ssZ-hn-Ihpw Bym-n-Ih - p-amb hnLv\--
 168

I fpsS \nhr-n-mbn aqp-{]m-hiyw "imn' ]Zs D- C{]-Imcw Cu Fm temI--tfbpw krjvSn-nv ]c- K

cn-p-p. `K-hm imn-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. AXn-\m At-l- ta-iz-c Nnn-p. Xm temI-kr-jSv n-sNbvXp Ign-n-cn-
ns kvac-W-sImv imn \n-b-ambpw e`n-p-p. p-p. C\n temI-sf kwc-n-p--Xn-\p temI-]m-
e-I- -msc krjvS n-t--Xm-hi - y-am-Wv. A\yYm kwc-
Ww IqSmsX Fm temI- pw kpc- n- X-ambn \ne-
{]Y-am- ymbw \np-hm km[y-a-. C{]-Imcw hnNm-cnv Atlw Pe-
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw n\npw AXm-bXv Pew apX-emb kqva alm-`q-X-
-fn\npw lnc-Wy-amb ]pcp-j s\ ]pd-s -Spv
1. Hmw Bm hm CZ-taI Ghm{K Bko-Xv. \m\y- AXns\ AwtKm-]mw-K-- fm bp-am-n-bnv {]Xnam cq]-
XvInw-N\ anj-Xv. k CuX temImp krPm n-em-n-op. ChnsS "]pcpj' ]Z-n\npw
CXn. krjvSn-Im-e - n Ghpw BZyw {]Xy--\mb {_m-
Cu a{-n ]c-am-m-hnt krjvSn cN\m hnj- hns\ hn- n-cn-p-p. Fp-sIm-s -m {_m-
b-I-amb BZy k-ev]s hn-p-p. ImWp-Ibpw hn\n- p- X s Fm temI-]m-eI-
- m-cp-tSbpw {]P-Isf
tIp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp PU-tN-\m-a-b-amb hn-n-p {]Pm-]-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw Dhw Dm-bn-cn-p-
Cu PKv Cu cq]-n-em-Ip--Xn\p ap]v Imc-Wm-h- - p.
bn GI-am-{X-\mb ]c- am-mhp am{Xta Dm-bn- cp-p- q. 4. Xa-` y-X -] - -k ym-` n-X -] vX ky apJw \nc-` n- ZyX
B kabw CXn `n-- fmb \ma-cq-]- - tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb A`n- bYmWvUw apJm-ZzmKv hmtNmn\m-kntI \nc-
hy-n-Is - fm-p-an- m-bn-cp-p. B kabw ]c-{_ ]c-am- `n-t ZyXmw \mkn-I m`ymw {]mWx {]mWm- Zzm-b p- c -
m-hns\ IqSmsX amcpw {]hn-p--h-cm-bn-m-bn-cp- nWo \nc- ` n- t ZyX an`ymw Nppj
p. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-` - n B ]c-a-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c- BZnXyx Iu \nc-`n-tZyXmw Im`yw t{im{Xw
am-mhp Nnnpw ""Pohn-I-fpsS I-^ew A\p-`-hn-p- t{im{Xm-n-i -kvXzMv \nc-` n-ZyX Xz tNm temam\n
- X n - \ p - t h n `n - - f mb t em I - s f Rm tema`y HmjZn h\-kv]-Xtbm lrZbw \nc-`n-ZyX
krjvSnpw'' Fv. lrZ-bm-t\m a\-k{am \m`n\n-c`- n-ZyX \m`ym
2. k Camw-tm-I m-\ -k r-P-X . Awt`m aco-N oa-c - A]mt\m]m\m-rXypx iniv\w \nc-`n-ZyX iniv\m-
amt]mtZmw`x ]tcW Znhw Zyux {]Xn-j vTm- - t{ZtXm tcXk B]x.
cow aco-Nbx ]rYoho atcm bm A[-kvXmm C{]-Imcw lnc-Wy-K`-]p-cp-js\ krjvSn-nv AXns
B]x. AwtKm-]mw-K-sf k-ev]-cq-]-amb X]-p-sN-bvXtm
Cs\ hnNm-cn-nv ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c Aw`-,v aco- B X]- ns ^e- kz-cq- ]- ambn lnc-Wy- K` ]pcp-js ico-
Nn, ac, Pew Cu temI-sf krjvSn-p. Cu hmp- c-n k-{]-Y-a-ambn AWvUw-t]mse s]mn apJhpw
Isf kv]jvS- am-p- - Xn\p apn {ipXn ]d- bpp kz- hmbpw Dm-b n. apJ- n\npw hmKn- { n- b hpw
n\pw apI-fn-embn ImW-s-Sp alx, P\x X]x, kXy AXn\npw AXns A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X-bmb Anbpw
temI-fpw Ah-bpsS B[m-c-amb Zyptem-Ihpw Cu D-hn-p. ]ns \mkn-I-bpsS cp-Zzm-c- Dm-bn.
Ap temI--tfbpw ChnsS Aw`v F t]cn ]d- Ah- bnqSn {]mW-hmbp ]pd-s- p. B {]mW-\n\npw
bp-p. AXns Xmsg A-co--temIw nXn-sN-p-p. hmbp-`-K- hm Dm-bn. ChnsS {]mtW- {n-bs {]tXyIw
AXn kqcy\pw N{\pw Xmc-K-W-fpw Ch-sbmw hn-p-n; AXn-\m {]mtW-{n-bhpw AXns tZh-
Inc-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb temI-am-Ip-p. CXp acoNn F X-bmb Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c\pw \mkn-I-bn \npw D-hn-p.
t]cn hn--s-Sp-p. AXn\pw Xmsg-bmbn ImW-s- C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-Ww CXp-t]m-se-Xs ck-t\-{n-
Sp ]rYzo-tem-Is arXyp-temIw Fp ]d-bpp; AXp b-n-tbpw AXns tZh-X-bp-tSbpw D-n-bp-m-bn.
ChnsS "acw' F t]cn hnfn--s-Sp-p. AXn\pw Xmsg ]ns cp Ip-I {]I-S-ambn Ah-bn\np t\t{X-
AXm-bXv ]rYzn-bpsS ASn-bn-em-bn-p-Xp ]mXm-f-tem-I-- {n-bhpw t\t{X-{n-b - n\n-pw, AXnt tZh-X-bmb
fm-Ip-p. Ah "B]x' F t]cn-\m Adn-b- s-Sp-p. PK- kqcy\pw D- h n- p. AXn- \p-tijw I--fpsS cp
n F{Xtbm temI- {Xntem-Iw, NXpZ-i-`p-h\ - w, Zzmc- - f p- m- b n. Ah- b n\npw t{imt{X-{n-b hpw
k]vX-temIw Fo t]cp-I-fn {]kn--am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXn\np AXnsd tZh- X-If
- mb Znp-Ifpw P\n-p.
B temI-sfsbmw ]c-am-mhp krjvSn-p. A\-cw Xzv (Nw) Dm-bn. Xzn\npw tcma--
fp-m-bn. tcma--fn\nv Hmj[nIfpw h\-k] v -Xn-Ifpw
3. k CutX ta \p temIm temI-] m-e mp Dm-bn. ]ns lrZbw Dm-bn. AXn\npw a\pw
krPm CXn tkmZv`y Gh ]pcpjw kap-r-Xym- a\-n\npw AXns A[n-jTv m-\-tZ-h-X-bmb N{\pw
aqO-b-Xv. D-hn-p. ]ns \m`n {]I-S-am-bn. \m`n-bn\npw A]m-

N P
 169

I \-hm-bphpw A]m-\h- m-bp-hn\np KptZ-{n-b-ns 3. Xm`y ]pcp-j -am-\-b m A{_p-h kpIrXw K

A[n-jvTn-Xm-hmb arXyp-tZ-h-Xbpw D-hn-p. \m`n-bpsS D- _tX-Xn. ]pcptjm hmh kpIr-Xw. Xm A{_-ho-
h-tm-Sp-IqSns KpZ-n-{Zhpw KptZ-{n-bhpw Dmbn Zy-Ym-b-X\w {]hn-i-tX-Xn.
Fpw a\-n-em-p-I. ChnsS A]m-\-hmbp ae-hn-k-
C{]-Imcw IpXn-cbpw ]iphpw Ahp lnX-I-ca - -
\-tl-Xphpw AXns m\w \m`n-bp-am-bXp ImcWw
sp a\-n-em-b-tm ]c-ta-iz-c Ahp-thn a\p-
AXn\v apJy- amb m\w Iev]n-n- cn-p- p. Fm arXyp
jy-i-co-cs krjvSn-p-Ibpw Ahsc ImWn-p-Ibpw
A]m-\s A[n-jT v m-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXp-Im-cWw D]-e--
sNbvXp. AXns\ I-tms Fm tZh-X-Ifpw
W-tm-Sp-IqSn KptZ-{n-b-ns h-\hpw CXn
AXyw {]k--cm-bn. A\-cw Ah ]dp ""CXp
AK-X-am-bn-cn-pp Fp Icp-Xp-Xv DNn-X-am-Wv.
Rsf kw_-n-n-S-tmfw hfsc kp-c-amb \nhm-
]ns enwKw {]Xy--a m-bn. AXn\npw hocyhpw
k-m-\-am-Wv. CXn Rp hfsc kpJ-ambn \nh-
AXn\npw Pehpw Dm-bn. ChnsS enwK-ns Dev]-
kn-p-h m Ign-bpw. R-fpsS Fm Bh-iy-fpw
n-bn \npw D]-t-{n-bhpw AXns tZh-X-bmb
\mbn \nd-th-p-hm\pw Ign-bpw.'' hmkvX-h-n a\p-jy-
{]Pm-]-Xnbpw Dev]--am-Ip-p.
i-cocw ]c-am-m-hns kp-c-amb krjvSn-X-s-bm-Wv.
AXn-\m CXp tZh-Zp-`-sap Icp-Xp-Ibpw imkv{X- -
fn ]e-bn-Spw CXns aln-asb ]mSn-p-Ig- vp-Ibpw
ZznXo- b -J WvU w
sNp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m CtX-co-Xn-bn Poh\v ]c-
1. Xm GXm tZhXmx krjv S m Akv a n al- am-m-hns B-b-\p-k-cnv bYm-tbmKyw km[-\-I
Xyth {]m]-Xw-k vXa - -i-\mbm ]n]m-k m-`ym-a-\z- A\p-jTv nv A-t-ls {]m]n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Fm
hmPXv Xm G\-a-{_p-h-m-b-X\w \x {]Pm-\oln tZh-X-Ipw B icocw CjvS-am-sWp I-tm ]c-
bkvan {]Xn-jvTnXm A-a-Zm-ta-Xn. ta- iz-c Ah- tcmSp ]dp ""\n Ah-c-hp tbmKy-
]c-am-m-hn-\m krjvSn--s B C{n-b - -fpsS ambn m\- t\mn Cu ico- c- n {]th-inp hkn-
A[n-jSv m-\-tZ-h-X-am-cmb An apX-emb Fm-tZ-h-X-Ifpw p-sIm-p-hn.''
kwkm-cc - q-]-am-Ip Cu alm-k-ap-{Z-n hp-tNp. 4. AnhmKv`qXzm apJw {]mhn-i-Zzmbpx {]mtWm-
AXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`-]p-cp-js ico-c-n \npw P\n- `qXzm \mkntI {]mhn-i-Zm-Zn-Xy--p`q-Xzm-n-Wo-
-Xn-\p-tijw Ahv \nn-jvS-amb bmsXmcp m\hpw {]m- h n-i - nix t{im{Xw `qXzm Iu {]mhn-i -
e`n-n-cp-n-. Xm-c-Wm Ah B ka-jvSn-i-co-c- tmj [nh-\ -k v] -X tbm temam\n `qXzm XzNw
ns hkn-p. Atm ]c-am-mhv B tZh-Xm-k- {]mhniw {am at\m-`qXzm lrZbw {]mhn-i-r-
aq- l-n\p hnipw Zmlhpw Dm-n. AXn-\m hnipw Xyp-c -]mt\m `qXzm \m`nw {]mhn-i-Zmt]m tctXm
Zmlhpw sImv ]oUn-X-cmbn An apX-emb Fm tZh- `qXzm iniv\w {]mhn-i.
X- Ifpw Xsf krjvSn ]c- am-m-hn-t\mSp ]dp ""`K-
krjvSn-Im-hmb ]c-ta-iz-cs B-b\ - p-k-cnv
h, Rv Ahpw `-Whpw aXn-bm-thmfw e`np
An-tZ-hX hmKn-{nb cq]w [cnv a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns
kpJ-ambn Pohn- p--Xn\v DX-I - - -h n-[-ap Hcp
hmbn {]th-inv Pnlzsb Xs B{i-b - m-\-am-n.
m\w Rmbn hyh sNbvXp-X- c-Ww.''
ChnsS hcp-W-tZ-h\pw ck-t\-{n-b-am-bnv hmbn {]th-
2 . X mt` ym Kmam- \ - b m A {_ p- h s s h inp ]ns hmbp-tZ-hX {]mW-\m-bnv \mkn-I-bpsS Zzmc-
t\mbae anXn Xmt`ymizam-\-bm A{_p-h -fnqSn {]th-in-p. Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c\pw {]mtW-{n-b-
ssh t\mba-e-an-Xn. cq]w [cn-np \mkn-Ib - n {]hn-jvS-am-bn. AXn-\p-tijw
C{]-Im-c-ap Ah-cpsS {]m-\-tIv krjvSn-Im- kqcy- t Z- h t\t{X- { n- ba
- m-bnp Ip-I-fn {]th-in-p.
hmb ]c-ta-iz-c Ahsmw hkn-p--Xn-\mbn Hcp Huj-[n-I-fp-tSbpw h\-kv]-X n-I-fp-tSbpw Al-m-cn-bmb
]ip-hns ico-c-ap-m-n Ah-sc-m-Wn-p. AXp-I-nv tZhX tcma-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn Xzn {]th-in-p. AXp-
Ah ]dp "`K-h, CXp Rp ]cym-]vX-am-Ip- t]mse N{ a\-ns cq]w [cnp lrZ-b- nepw arXyp-
n- . CXn\np R-fpsS Imcy-- sfmpw kpK-a-ambn tZ-hX A]m-\-cq]w [cnp \m`n-bnepw {]hn-jSv -am-bn. Pe-
\S-p-hm km[y-a-. AXp-sImv CXn-s\-m t{ijvT- ns A[n-jvTm\ tZhX hocy-amb enwK-nepw {]th-
amb asmcp icocw krjvSn-p-X-m-epw.'' Atm ]c-am- in-p. C{]-Imcw Fm tZh-X- Ifpw C{n-b-cq]w [cn-v Ah-
mhv Ahmbn Hcp IpXn-c-bpsS icocw \nn-nv c-hp-]-bp--amb m\--fn D]-hn-jSv -cmbn nXn-
Ahsc ImWn-p. AXp Iv Ah hopw ]dp sN-bvXp.
""`K-h, CXpw Rv Bh-iyn\pX-Ip-- X-. Av 5. Xa-i -\ mbm ]n]mtk A{_q-X m-am-h m-` yma`n-{]-
aqm- a-Xmbn asmcp icocw Dmn Rp Xm- epw.'' Pm\o loXn. tX A{_-ho-tZ-Xm-tkzh hmw tZh-Xm-

N P

I kzm-`-Pmtay Xmkp `mKn\yu Itcm-ao-Xn. Xkvam-
Zyssky Issky N tZh-Xmssb lhnKr-lytX
`mKn-\ym-th-hm-kym-a-i-\ m-bm-]n-]mtk `h-Xx.
Atm hnipw Zmlhpw IqSn ]c-ta-iz-c-t\m-Sp-IqSn
]d-bp-hm XpSn "`K-h' Chsmw hkn-p--Xn-
\p m\w Ap \n-bn-p-sIm-Sp-n-cn-p-p-. C\n
Rm-bnpw GsX-nepw m\w Ip-]n-Snv AXn
Rsf m]n-mepw! Ah C{]-Imcw ]d-tm
krjvSn-Im-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c Ah-tcmSp ]dp
""\np cp-t]pw {]tXy-Ia - mb m\--fpsS
Bh-iy-an-. \n cp-t]pw Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
m\--fn Rm Ah-Imiw \Ipw. Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
Blm-c-n \n cp-t]-tcbpw Rm ]p-Im-cm-n-
opw. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-ns ]c-ta-iz-c
Cs\ Hcp \nbaw \n-bn-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Ftm-sg-
nepw GsXmcp tZh-X- b
v m-bnp sImSp-p-- Xn\v C{nbw
hgn-bmbn hnjbt`mKsf hln-p- sImp t]mIp- pthm
B tZh-X-bpsS `mK-n Cu hnipw Zmlhpw ]p-Im-
cmbn `mhn-pp; AXm-bXv B C{n-b - ns A`n-am-\n-
bmb tZh-X-bpsS Xr]vXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn pXv]n-]m- k-Ipw
imn-e-`n-p-p.
XrXob JWvU w
1. k Cu-tXta \p temIm temI-]m-em-m--
ta`yx krPm CXn.
Chsb Fmw krjvS n--Xn-\p-tijw ]c-ta-iz-c
hopw Nnnp "Cu temItfbpw temI-]m-e-I-m-
scbpw krjvSn- n-cn-pp ChnsS cN-\m-kw-_--amb
Fm-m-cy-fpw ]qn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. C\n Chp
Pohn-p--Xn-\p `Ww Dm-Ww t`mK-h-kvXp--
fp- m--Ww. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnipw
Zmlhpw tN-s -n-cn- p-p. AXn-\ m As
krjvSn-mw.
2. tkmt]m`yX-]-mt`ym`nX-]vXmt`ym aqn-
c-Pm-b-X. bm ssh km aqn-c-Pm-b-Xmw ssh
XXv .
apI-fn ]d--hn[w Nnn-np ]c-ta-iz-c Pes
AXm-bXv Ap kqva alm-`q-X-sf X]n-np Xs
k-ev]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb {Inbsb AXn \S-n. ]c-am-m-
hns k-e] v -tm-Sp-IqSn km-en-X-amb B kqva-a-
lm-`q-X- - fn\npw aqn {]Xy- - ambn; AXm-bXv Ah-
bpsS qe-cq]w D--am-bn. B Aw Xs tZh-X-
Ip t`mKy-am-bn-cn-p-p.
3. XtZ-\Xv krjvSw ]cm-M-Xy-Pn-Lmw-k--Zzm-NmPn
LrIv \m-i-tm-ZzmNm {Klo-Xpw. bss-\-
Zzm- N m- { K- s sl- j y- Z - ` n- h ym- l rXy sslhm- - a - { X
-]vky-Xv .
N P
170
temI--fp-tSbpw temI-]m-e-I-m-cp-tSbpw Blm-c-kw- K
_-n-bmb Bh-iy-sf ]qo-I-cn- p--Xn\v D--
am--s-n-cn-p Aw ""CXv Fs `nv Fs \miw
hcp-p--Xm-I-bm AXn\npw tamN\w t\SWw''
Fp IcpXn ]nXn-cn-tm-Sp-hm XpS-n. Atm B
a\p-jy-cq-]-n krjvSn--s Pohm-mhv As
hmp-I apJm-ncw ]nSn-p-hm-\m-{K-lnp; Fm
AXn\p hmWo- Zzmcm As ]nSn-p-hm Ign- n- . B
]pcpj\p hmWo-Zzmcm As ]nSnp \np- hm Ign-
n-cpp Fn a\p-jy Ctmgpw As hmWo-
Zzmcm Dm-c-Ww-sImp AXm-bXv A-ns \mtam-m-
c-W-am-{X-bn, hbdp \nd-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm As\
kw`-hn-n- .
4 . X X v{] m- t W - \ mPnL r - - m- i - I vt\ mX v
{]mtW\ {KloXpw k bss-\ Xv {]mtW-\ m-{K-
ssl-jy-Z-`n-{]m-W y-ssl-hm a{X-]v ky-Xv.
Atm B ]pcp-j As {]mW aqew AXm-
bXv {]mtW-{n-b-Zzmcm ]nSn-p-hm B{K-lnp; Fm
AXn\p {LmtW-{nbw hgn AXns\ ]nSn-p-hm km[n-
n-. Cu As {LmtW-{n-bw-sImp ]nSn-p-hm
Ign-n-cpp Fn Ctmgpw Bfp-Iv `Ww aW-
p-sImp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm
A-s\bpw kw`-hn-n-.
5. X- p jmPn-L r- - - m-i -Ivt\m- - pjm
{KloXpw k bss-\ - - p-jm-{K-ssl-jyZv ZrjvSzm
sslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp-j As Ip-IsImp ]nSn-
p-hm Binp; Fm Ah\v AXn\p Ign-n-.
Ah\p Ip-IsImv As ]nSn-p-hm Ign-n-
cp- s- n Xo-bmbpw Cpw Bfp-I As Ip
Xr]vXn-s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm As\ kw`-hn-n-.
6. X-t dm-t {X- W m-P n- - L r- - m-i -I vt \mv tdm
t{XW-{K-loXpw k bss-\ -v-tdm-t{X-Wm-{K-ssl-
jy- vdpXzm sslhm--a-{X-]vky-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp- j As I-Zzmcm ]nSn- p- hm
B{K- l n- p. Fm B {iahpw ^en- n- . I-
sImv AXns\ ]nSn-n-cpp Fn Cpw a\p-
jyv A- ns \ma-{i-hW - -am-{X-bns Xr]vXn-
s-Sm-am-bn-cp-p. Fm A-s\bpw Ign-n-.
7. Xzm- ] m- P n- L r- - - m- i - I v t \m- \ - zNm
{KloXpw k bss-\-z-Nm-{K-ssl-jy-v]rjvSzm
sslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
Atm B ]pcp- j As Xzp-sImv ]nSn-p-
hm-\m-in-p. Fm Ah\v AXns\ Xzp-aq-ehpw ]nSn-
p-hm Ign-n-. As\ kw`-hn-n-cp-p-sh-n
Xo-bmbpw a\p-jy As kv]in-p-Xs Xr]vX-

I cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. Fm A-s\bpw kw`-hn-n-.
8. X- \ - k mPo L r- - m- i - I v t \m- - \ km
{KloXpw k bss-\- -\-k m-{K-s sl-j y- ymXzm
sslhm- -a-{ X-] vk y-Xv.
]ns B ]pcp-j As a\-p-sImp hio-I-
cn-p--Xn-m-{K-ln-p. Fm Ah\v AXns\ a\-p-
sImp hi-m-p-hm Ign-n-. Ah\v AXns\ a\-
p-sImp ]nSn-p-hm km[n-n-cp-p-sh-n Xo-bm-
bpw Cpw a\p-jy As Nnn-p-sImp Xr]vXn-
s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. ]s A-s\bpw ImWp-hm Ign-
n-.
9. Xn-ivt\-\m-Pn-Lr- -- m-iIvt\m nivt\-\-
{K-loXpw k bss\ n ivt\\m-{K-s sl-j y-Zzn-
krPy sslhm--a-{X-]vky-Xv.
]noSv B ]pcp-j As D]w (enw-Kw)
sImp ]nSn-p-hm B{K-lnp; Fm Ah\v D]--
Zzmcm As ]nSn-p-hm Ign-n-. Ah\v D]--
Zzmcm ]nSn-p-hm Ign-n-cpp Fn Xo-bmbpw
Cpw As Dt]-np Xr]vXn-s-Sp-hm Ign-bp-am-
bn-cp-p. Fm As\ kw`-hn-n-.
10. XZ-]m-t\-\m-Pn-Lr---Zm-h-bXv ssktjm
ky {Ktlm bZzm-bp-c-m-bphm Gj bZzmbpx
Ah-km\w B ]pcp-j As apJ-ns Zzmc- -\w. Xky {Xb Bh-k-Ym-kv{Xbx kz]v\mx, Ab-
nqSn A]m-\-hm-bp-Zzmcm {Kln-p--Xn\v B{K-ln- p. am-h- ktYmbam-hm-k tYmbam-h-kY CXn.
AXm- bXv A]m- \-hm-bp- Zzmcm apJ-nqSn ico-c- ns
Dn-tep {]th-in-n-p--Xn\p {]hn- p. Atm
Ah\v As Xs ico-c-ns Dn sImp-t]m-
Ip-hm Ign-p. bmsXmcp A]m-\-hmbp shfn-bn
\npw ico-c - ns Dn-tebvp izmtkm-zm-k-cq-]-
n ISpt]m-Ip-pthm AXp-X-s-bm-Ipp A-
ns {Kml-I. AXns\ ]nSn--h; AXm-bXv Dn-
tep sImp-t]m-Ip--h. {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ kw_-n-
v, Cu Aw apJm-ncw Pohs kwc-Ww \n-ln-
p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-sImv CXp kmm Bbp-p-
Xs BIpp FXv {]kn--am-Ip-p. AXv Cu A]m-\-
hm- bp-hns\ Iqn-sm-p-Xs {]mWmZn Ap t`Z- - fn
hn`--ambncnp apJy-{]m-Ws Hcw-i-am-Ip-p. AXn-
\m {]mW Xs a\p-jys Poh-\m-Ipp Fv
CXn\npw hy-am-Ip-p.
11. k CuX IYw \znZw aZrtX kymZnXn k
CutX IX-tcW {]]Zym CXn. k CuX bZn
hmNm `nhym-lrXw bZn {]mtWm-\m-`n-{]m-WnXw bZn
Npjm ZrjvSw bZn t{imt{X-W-ivdpXw bZn XzNm
kv]rjvSw bZn a\km [ymXw bZy-]m-t\-\m-`y-]m-
\nXw bZn inivt\\ hnkr-jvSaY tImlan-Xn.
C{]- Imcw temI-tbpw temI- ]m- e- I- m- tcbpw krjvSn- `m-K--fn t\mp-Ibpw a\-n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-Ibpw
N P
171
v, Ahs- m- a p Blm-c hpw krjvS nv XYm K
a\pjyico-c-[m-cn-bmb ]pcp-j Blm-cs {Kln-p--
Xn\pw ]Tn-p-I-gn--tm B k-{k-jvSm-hmb ]c-ta-
iz-c hopw Nnnp ""Cu a\p-jy-cq-]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
]pcpj Fs-q-SmsX Fs\ Pohnpw? Cu Pohm-
m-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Fs kl-tbmKw Dm-Ip-n-s-n
AXp X\nsb F{]-Imcw Dd-p-\npw? AXp-t]mse
Fs kl-tbmKw IqSmsX Cu ]pcp-j hmWo-Zzmcm
kwkm-cn-p-hm ]Tn-p, {LmtW-{nbw hgn aW-p--
Xn\p ]Tn-p. {]mWhgn hmbp-hns\ Dn-tebvpw ]pd-
tbvpw hen-p-Ibpw hnSp-Ibpw sNp {Inbbpw
]Tn-n-cn-p-p. Ip-IsImp ImWp-p, {ih-tW-{n-
b-sImp tIp-p, XzKn-{nbw hgn-bmbn kv]i-
\kpJw Adn-bp- p, a\-p- sImp a\\w sNp- p, A]m-
\-Zzmcm Aw hngp-p-p, P\-t\-{n-b-Zzmcm aq{Xhpw
hocyhpw hnkn-p--Xn-\m \n]p-W\pw IqSn-bm-
Ip p Fn ]ns F s- s mv Ah- s \m
Imcyw''AXm-bXv Fs- q-SmsX Cu Fm C{n-b-fpw
hgn-bmbn {]h-\-k- --\m- Ip- -Xn\v Chs\ kw_-n-
n- S-tmfw Akw-`-hy-am- W.v '' C{Xbpw Nnn-nv Rm Cu
a\pjy ico-c - n ]mZ-fpw akvX-Ihpw Cu cn
GXp-am-ambn {]th-inpw Fpw hnNm-cn-p.
12. k GX-a th koam\w hnZm-s scy-X bm Zzmcm
{]m]-Zy-X. sskjm hnZr-Xn\ma ZzmkvX-tZ-X
- m-
]c-am-mhv Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns koasb "aqm-
hns\' AXm- bXv {_- c- vds ]nfnv AXp-am-ambn
B kPoh a\p-jy-i-co-c-n {]th-in-p. Cu Zzmcw
hnZrXn (hn-Zo-am--s--Zzm-cw) F t]cn {]kn--am-
bn-op. AXp-Xs Cu hnZrXn Fp t]cp--Zzmcw
({_-- vdw) B\--{]-Zm-b-I-am-b n-cn-pp; AXm-b Xv
B\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-m- hns {]m]vXn \Ip-p. ]c-
ta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-p m\- aqm-Ip-p. kz]v\-
fpw aqv. BZy-t-Xmb lrZ-bm-Imiw At-l-ns
D]-e-_v[n-m-\-am-Ip-p. cm-a-tXv hnip-m-Im-i-cq-]-
]-c-a-[m- aw. AXv kXy-tem-Iw, tKmtem-Iw, {_-tem-Iw,
kmtI-X-tem-Iw, ssIemkw BZn-bmb At\Iw t]cp-I-
fm Adn-b-s-Sp-p. aqm-a-tXv Cu kq-amb
{_m- W v U - a m- I p- p. AXp- t]mse Cu PK- ns
qehpw kqva hpw Imc-W -cq-]-hp-amb aq-h--
IXs CXns aqp kz]v\-fpw BIp-p.
13. k PmtXm `qXm-\ y-`n-s shy-J yXv Inan-l m\yw
hmh-Zn-j-Zn-Xn. k GX-tah ]pcpjw {_ XX-a-a-
]-iy-Xv. CZ-a-Zi-an-Xo.
a\p-jy-cq-]-n D-hn ]pcp-j Cu `uXn-IP - -K-
ns hnNn-{X- c-N-\sb hfsc B-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn \mep-
 172

I sNbvXp ""Cu hnNn{X PK-ns\ krjvSn-Xv ChnsS am- 1. ]pcptj l hm Ab-am-ZntXm Kt`m `h-Xn. btZX K
cmWv? Fp-sIm-s- m CXv Fm krjvSn--s-- t{ZXx XtZ-XXv ktht`ymMv tK`y-kvtXPx kw`q-
tX-b-. Imcy-a p- Xp ImcWw Xo-bmbpw CXns X-am--t\y-hm-m\w _n`n XZyZm kv{Xnbmw
krjvSm-hmbn Bsc-nepw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.'' C{]-Imcw kn-Xy-ssY-\--\-bXn XZky {]Yaw P.
hnNm-cn-nv B km[-I Xs lrZ-b - n A-cym-an-
Cu temI-Pohn BZyw ]pcp-j-i-co-c-n (]n-Xm-hns
bmbn hncm-Pn-p ]pcp-j-s\-s Cu kq PK-
ico-c-n) hocy-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn K`-am-Ip-p. ]pcp-js
n hym]n-n-cn-p ]c-{_- - ns cq]-n, {]Xy-
ico-c- n- ep Cu hocyw Fm AwK--fn\npw ]pd-
- am-n. Atm Ah B\- -\n-a--\mbn Dn C{]-
s-p-mb tXPv (km-cw) BWv. Cu ]nXmhv Xs kzcq-
Imcw ]d-bp-hm XpSn ""Atlm ku`m-Kyw, Rm ]c-
]-`q-X -amb hocy-c q-]-tX-P-ns\ BZyw kzw ico-c-
{_--]-c-ta-iz-cs\ In-cn-p-p, kmm-Xvmcw {]m]n-
ns [cn-p-Ibpw ]cn-t]m-jn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-
n-cn-p-p.''
p. {_-N-cyw-hgn AXns\ hfn ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p.
Cu PK-ns hnNn{X cN-\-sb-v CXns {kjvSm- ]noSv Ah AXns\ kv{XobpsS K`m- i- b- n m]n-
hmb ]c- am-m-hns k-bn hniz-knv a\p-jy At- p-p. Atm AXns\ K`-cq-]-n D-hn-n-p-p.
ls Adn-bp--Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn\pw Dp-I-\mbn AXp amXm-hns ico-c-n {]th-in-p--Xp-Xs
At-l--s B{i-bnv {]hn-pp Fn AXns BZy P-am-Ip-p.
Xo-bmbpw B ]cm-]-cs\ Adn- bp-hm Ign- bp-sa `mhw
2. Xkv{Xnbm B-`qXw i-Xn. bYm kzaw KwX-
ChnsS {]I-S-am--s-n-cn-p-p. ]c-am-m-hns\ Adn-bp-
Ym. Xkvam-tZ\mw \ ln\-kvXn. kmsskyX amm-
-Xn\pw {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-ap {]hrn Cu a\p-jy-i-co-
\-a-{X-KXw `mh-b-Xn.
c-n\npw am{Xta km[y-am-I-bp-q. ap ico-c--fn
km[y-a-. B kv{Xo (am-Xm-h)v bpsS ico-c-n hp-tN B
K`w ]nXm-hp-h-gn-bmbn m]n-X-amb tXPv B
14. Xkvam-Zn-Zt{m \mta-Zt{m l ssh \ma Xan-
kv{XobpsS B-`m-hs {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv Ah-
Z{w k-an{ CXym-N - tX ]tcm-t-W. ]tcm-
fpsS aw-K- t]mse-Xs CXpw Ah-fpsS Hc-h-b-h-
-{]-nbm Ch ln tZhmx ]tcm--{]nbm Ch ln
ambn ]cn-W-an-p-p. AXp-Im-cWw B K`w Ah-fpsS
tZhmx
DZ-c-n InS-npw bmsXm- cp-hn-[-amb ]oU-Ifpw Ahsf
]c-{_ ]c-am-m-hns\ B a\p-jy-i-co-c-n D- _m[n-m-sX-bn-cn-p-p. AsXmcp `mc-am-bn-tmepw A\p-
hn ]pcp-j ]qtm--amb coXn-bn Ip; Cu Imc- `-hs - -Sp-n-. B kv{Xo Xs ico-c - n hp-tN
Ww-sIm-p-Xs ]c-am-m-hns \maw "CZ{' Fm-bn- Xs ]Xn-bpsS B-cq-]-amb Cu K`s Xs Hc-h-b-
op. AXm-bXv ""CZw {Z Chs\ Rm BZyw In-cn- hw-t]m-se-Xs `-W-km-[-\-sImp ]cn-t]m-jn-n-
p-p.'' Cu hypXv]-n-b-\p-k-cnv At-l-ns \maw p-Ibpw as-m--c-n-ep-ap AXym-hiy \nb-a-]m-e-
""CZ{'' Fm-bn. C{]-Imcw B ]c-am-m-hns \maw \-sImp ]cn-]m-env AXns\ \-Xp- t]mse cn- p-
"CZ{' Fp Xs-bm-Ipp Fncp-mepw Bfp-I Ibpw sNp-p.
CXns\ ]tcm-- `m-h-n "C{' Fp ]dp hnfn-p-
3. km `mh-bn{Xo `mh-bn-Xhym `h-Xn. Xw kv{Xo
p. Fp-sIm-s-m tZh-K-W-fpw cl-ky-am-bn-s-
K ` w _ n` n. tk m{K G h Ipamc w
-t]mse Aev]w ]d-bp-hm-\n-jvS-s-Sp-p. ""]tcm--{]nbm
P t\ mt{K[ n` m- h - b - X n. k bX vIp- a mc w
Ch ln tZhmx'' Cu An-a-hm-Iys hopw D-cn-p-
Pt\mt{K[n`m- h -b - X ym- m- \ -t ah Xm-h -b -
sImv Cu JWvU-ns kam-]vXnsb kqNn-n-p-p.
tXyjmw temIm\mw kwX- X ym. Ghw kwXXm
lota temIm-kvXZ- ky ZznXobw P.
ZznXo-bm- ymbw kzw `m-hns B-kz-cq-]a - mb B K`s
{]Y-a-I mWvU w Fm hn[- nepw kwc-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p B K`nWn
hon-ep Bfp-If- mepw {]tXy-Inv Ah-fpsS `m-hn-
kw_w {]Y-am-ym-b-n krjvSn- bpsS D-n- \mepw ]cn-]m-en--s-Sp-hm tbmKy-bm-bn- o-cp-p. AXm-
{I-a-tbpw a\p-jy-i-co- c-ns al-z- tbpw ]dp bXp honeph-cp-tSbpw `m-h n-tbpw ]c-a-amb
Ign-p. Pohm-m-hn\v Cu ico-c-n ]c-am-m-hns\ I-hy-amWv Ahp `- W-{I-a-fpw Pohn-X-ku-
Adnp IrX-Ir-Xy-am-bn-o-cp-hm km[n-p-sa- p I-cy- fpw sNbvXp-sIm-Spv Ahsf kwc-n-pI Fp-
Imcyhpw kmt-Xn-Ia - mbn ]d-n-cn-p-p. Ctm Cu -Xv. B K`s {]k-hn-p--Xp-hsc kv{Xo (am-Xm-hv)
ico-c- ns A\n-Xy-Xsb ImWnv sshcmKyw Dm-Ip- Xs ico-c-n hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ]ns P\n--
-Xn-\p-thn Cu Aym-b-n a\p-jy-i-co-c-ns Xn-\p-tijw P\n-m-ep-SXs AXns ]nXmhp PmX-
D-nsb hn-pp
N P
 173

I ImZn NS-p-If- mepw ap \m\m {]Im-c-n-ep D]-Nm- kw_-w--C-{]-Imcw IqS-qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p- K
c-sImpw B Ipam-cs\ AZyp-Zb ioe-\m-p-Ibpw Ibpw sNp-Xv Hcp `b--c-amb bmX-\b - m-Ip-p. Cu
P\\w apX Ah kYm tbmKy- \m-bn- o-cp- - Xp-hsc Pohn Cu cl-kys {Klnv Cu ico-cc - q-]-am-Ip
Fm-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap ]cn-]m-e-\-fpw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep- IqSns\ XIv CXn\np XnIpw ths]-Sp- -Xp- hsc
ap hnZy-Ifpw {]Zm-\w-sNbvXv Fm {]Im-c-nepw D- B P-bm-X-\bvp arXy-cq-]-am-b-bn\npw Hcn-epw
X-\m-n-op-Ibpw sNp-p. Ipn-bpsS P\-\m\cw tamN-\-ap-m-Ip-n-. Cu Bibw ASp cp a{--
B ]nXm-h,v Ah Ign-hp--h-\m-bn-o-cp--Xn-\p-thn fn hma-tZ-h-a-ljn-bpsS ZrjvSm--nqSn a\-n-em-
Ah\p hnZym-`ym-khpw kwc--Whpw \In tbmKy-\m- -s-Sp-p.
n- opp; Fp-sIm-s-m C{]-Im-cw-X s
5. XZp--ar-jn-Wm--Kt` \pk--t\z-jm-a-th-Z-alw
Hmtcm-cp--c n\npw D-h nv Ch-s bmw a\p-jy-
tZhm\mw P\n-am\n hnizm. iXw am ]pc Bb-ko-
hs hnkvXo-am-n-op-p. Hcp Poh _me-
c-c - - [x tiyt\m Phkm \nc-Zo-b -an-X n. K`
I-cq-]-n K`-n \npw shfn-bn-tebvp hcp-Xv
GsshX bmt\m hmta-Zh Gh-ap-]m-N.
Ahs cm-as P-am-Ip-p.
ap]-d \mep a{- -fnepw hnh-cn-n- cn-p Imcy-
Cu hnh-c -W-nIqSn ]nXm-hn\pw ]p{X- \p-ap
-fpsS clkyw ChnsS Ejn-Zzmcm ]d-bs - -n-cn-p-p.
I-hy-ns inWw \I-s-n-cn-p-p. amXm-]n-
K`m-h--bns AXm-bXp K`w shfn-bn hcp-
Xm--tfmSp ]p{X- mv `mcn Npa- X-e- I Dsv Ah
-Xn\p apm-bn-s hma-tZ-h-a-ljnp bYm-
a\-n-em--Ww. AXn-\m Ah F{X-am{Xw tkh\w
m\w e`n-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Atlw amXm-hns DZ-c-
A\p-jvTn-mepw Ah XnIpw Aev]w-am-{Xta BIp-p-q.
n InS-p- sIm- p- Xs ]dp ""Atlm alm-`m- Kyw,
AXp- t]mse ]nXmhpw Nnn-t--Xpv; Rm\n- h\p hfsc
K`-n hkn-p-sIm-p-Xs Rm Cu Ax-Ic - -W-
D]-Im-c--sfms sNbvXn-cn-pp Fsmpw Al--cn-
-fp-tSbpw C{n-b --fp-tSbpw tZh-X-If - psS At\I
p-hm ]mSn; adnv Rm Fs-s A`n-hr-n-s-
P- fn-embn kw`-hn-n-p cl-ky-sf \-Xp-t]mse
Spn kzw I-hys ]men-n-cn-pp Fv ]nXm-
{Kln-n-cn-p-p. AXv Fsm-cm--cy-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXm-
Nnn--Ww.
bXv P\\w apX-em-bh hmkvX-h-n Cu Ax-Ic - -W-
4. tkmkymb- a mm ]ptWy`yx {]Xn- [ o- b - tX. n-tbpw C{n-b - -fp-tSbpw am{X-am-Wv, Bm-hns
AYm-kym-b-an-Xc Bm IrX-IrtXym htbm-KXx A F Imcyw Rm XnIpw {Kln-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-
ss{]Xn. k CXx {]b-th ]p\Pm-btX XZky p. Cu clkyw {Kln-p--Xn\p apv At\Iw teml-
XrXobw P. k-am-\-I-tTm-c--fmb ico-c-]-RP v -c--fn F\nv _-
\-a \p`hn-t- -X mbn hn-p- v. Ah-b n \npw
ap]-d {]Imcw ]nXm-hn-s-Xs B-cq-]-amb
tamN\w t\Sp-Xv Fs kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Akm-[y-
]p{X Imcy \S- p--Xn\v tbmKy-\m-bn- o- cptm
am-sWp Hcp ZrV-hn-izm-khpw F\n-p-m-bn-cp-p.
B ]nXmhv Ahs\ Xs {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-p-p. An-tlm-
Ctm Rm Igp-I-s\-tmse m\-cq-]-am-Ip in-
{Xw, tZh-]q-P, AXn-Yn-tkh apX-embn sshZn-Ihpw euIn-
tb-d nb thK-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-sbmw XIv Ah-
I-hp-amb F{X- am{Xw ip`-I--fptm Ah-sb-m-n-
bn\npw thdn-p-I-gn-n-cn-p-p. B ico-cc - q-]--fm-
sbpw `mcw ]p{Xs\ Gn-p-p. Krl-s Fm
Ip ]RvP-c--fp-ambn F\np bmsXmcp kw_-hpw
D-c-hm-Zn-Xz-fpw ]p{X-\n Npan IrX-Ir-Xy-\m- bn-o-
Ah-ti-jn-p-n- . Rm F-t-bvp-ambn B ico-c-
cp-p. AXm-bXv Xs-s ]nXr-_m-y-X-bn\npw
-f psS Al-m-c-n\npw ap-\m-b n--g n-n-cn-
ap-\m-bn-op-p. AXn-\p-tijw Cu ico-c-ns
p-p.
Bbpv ]q-am-Ip- -tXm-Sp-IqSn Abm (]n-Xm-h v)
AXns\ Dt]-n-nv ChnsS \npw bm{X ]d-bp-p. 6. k Ghw hnZzm-\-kvam-c - o-c-t`-Zm-Zq[z DXv{I-aym-
Atm ChnsS \npw t]mbn ap-tem-I - n Im-\p- ap-jva n kztK temtI kmIm-a m-\ m-]vX zm-
k-cWw FhnsS GXp-tbm-\n-bn P\n-p-pthm AXv arXx ka-`m-hXv ka-`h - -Xv.
Ahs aqm-as P-am-Ip-p. Cs\ Cu P- P-m-
C{]-Imcw P-P-m--c--fm-bp XXz-sf Adn-
- c-ns ]c-c XpSp-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p.
np AXm-bXv Poh Cu ico-ct- m-Sp-IqSn Hmbn
P\-\a- -c-W--fpsS alm-I-jSv -XIsf Nnnv AXn hkn-p-Ibpw ico-cs - -s Xs kzcq-]-sap Icp-
\npw tamN\w t\Sp--Xn\p Pohm-mhv a\pjyico-c-n- Xp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-hsc Ch\p P\-\-a-c-W--fn \npw
en-cpp {]hn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu ]c-c XI-cp- tamN\w e`n-p-t- bn-. Ch\v IqsS-qsS \m\m-tbm-\n-
n-. AXn- \m CXn- \p- thn a\p-jy Ahiyw {]hn- I-fn Pw FSp- nv \m\m-hn- [- n- ep IjvS-X- I A\p-
-Ww. CXp-Xs Cu {]I-c-W-ns Dtiw Fp `-hn-t--Xm-bn-h-cpp Cu cl-kys {Kln-n-p
t_my-am-Ip- p.

N P
 174

I m\n-bmb hma-tZ-h-a-ljn K`-n\npw shfn- Xs BZyw ]d--Xmb a\-.v kay-mbn Fmw {Kln- K
bn hv Ah-km\w ico-c-\miw kw`-hn--tm temI- p--Xn-\p ImgvN-bn\np hcp-p. in AXm-bXv
n \npw apIfnte-bvp-I-bc - p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse ap--hsc BPvRm-Zzmcm `cn-p- - Xn-\p in, ]Zm-
Du[z-K-Xn-Zzmcm `K-hms ]c-a-[m-a- n Fn Ahn-Ssb sf {]tXyIw hnth-Nn-d- n-bp--Xn-\p in, ImWp-
Fm A`n-em-j-fpw {]m]nv AXm-bXv kYm B]vX- Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNp--hsb a\-kvkn-em-p--Xn-
Im-a-\m-bnv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ P\- \p in, A\p-`-h-sf [cn-p--Xn-\p in, Zi-
\-a-c-W-N-{I-n\npw \nXy-ambn tamN\w {]m]n-p. "ka- \-i-n, ss[cyw AXm- bXv hyXn-N-en-m-Xn- cn-p- -Xn- \p
`-hXv' F ]Zs Bhn-p-sImv ChnsS Aym-b- in, _pn AXm-bXv \n-bn-p--Xn-\p in, a\-
ns kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-n-cn-p-p. \w-sN-p--Xn-\p in, thKw--- W-t\- cw-sImv Fhn-
sS-bp-sa-p--Xn-\p in, kvac-W-i-n, k-ev]i - -
n, at\m-c-Y-i-n, {]mWi-n, A`nemji-n, {ko kl-
XrXo-b m-ymbw hmkw apX-emb A`n-em-j-C-{]-Im-c-ap Cu in-
{]Y-a-J Wv Uw I-sfmw B kz- m-\-kz-cq- ]-\mb ]c-am-Xvam- hns \ma-
-f m- I p- p. AXm-b Xv At- l - ns k- b psS
1. tImbam- tXn hb-ap-] m- k va -t l. IXcx k t_m[s kv]jvS-am-p e-W--em-Ip-p. Ch-
Bm. tb\ hm ]iyXn tb\ hm irtWmXn tb\ sbmw Inv Ch-bpsS cNn-Xmhpw km-e-I\pw c-
hm Km-\mPn{LXn tb\ hm hmNw hymIp-tcmXn \p-ambhs k-hym-]-I-amb k-bpsS PvRm\w Dm-
tb\ hm kzmZp NmkzmZp N hnPm-\m-Xn. Ip-p.
Cu D]-\n-j
- ns Hpw cpw Aym-b--fn-embn 3. Gj {_ssj C{ Gj {]Pm- ] - X n-t ctX
cm-m--fpsS h-\w-hp Hv ]c-am-m-h,v Fm- kth-tZhm Cam\n N ]-a-lm-`q-Xm\n ]rYn ho
n-t\bpw krjvSn-p-Ibpw kPoh ]pcp-js\ {]Xy-- hmbp-cm-Imi Bt]m tPymXowjotXy-Xm-\o-am\n N
amn AXn\p kl-tbmKw \evIp--Xn\p kzbw AXn p{Z- a n- { im- W o- h - _ o- P m- \ o- X - c mWn tNX- c mWn
{]th-in-p-Ibpw sNp ]c-am-m-h.v cv Pohm-m-h.v Nm-Pm\n N Pmcp-Pm\n N tkzZ-Pm\n tNmZv`n-
bmsXm-ns\ kPo-h-]p-cp-j-cq-]
- n ]c-am-mhv {]I-S- \n Nmizm Kmhx ]pcpjm lkvXnt\m bXvInw-
am-p-Ibpw P-P-m--cfpsS ]c--c-bn K`-n tNZw {]mWn PwKaw N ]X{Xn N bp-m-hcw
XpS-n-a-cWw hsc Dm-bn- cn-p-Ibpw sNp Pohm-m- khw XXv{]-PvRm-t\{Xw {]PvRmt\ {]Xn-jvTnXw
hv. Ch-cn D]m-kn--s-tS tZh Bcv? AXv F-s\- {] PvR m- t \ - t {X m- t e mIx {] PvR m- { ] - X nj vTm
bp--XmWv? AXns\ Fs\ Xncn--dn-bpp? Cu Imcy- {]m\w {_.
sf \n-bn-p--Xn\v Cu Aymbw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-
pp. B D]m-ky-tZ-h-\mb ]c-am-m-hns XXzs C{]-Imcw Btem-Nn-nv Atlw AJn-e-tbpw
{Kln-p--Xn-\p-p-I-cmb Ipd-m-fp-I ]c-kv]cw Nnn- krjvSnv Fm {]Im-c-n-ep in {]Zm-\w-sNbvXv
p-hm XpS-n. ""bmsXm-ns\ \mw D]m-kn-p-pthm Ahsb kwc-n-p kz-PR v m-\- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c- am-Xvam-
AXm-bXv bmsXm-ns\ D]m-kn-nv AXns\ \mw {]m]n-- hp-Xs D]m-ky-tZ-h-s\p Xocp-am-\np. Ct-lw-Xs
Wtam B Bmhv Bcv? cm-as hmn bmsXm- {_lm-amhpw BZys Aym-b-n hn-n-p
ns kl-tbmKw sImv a\p-jy t\{X-Zzmcm kakvX C{\pw BIp- p. Ct- l w- X s Fm- n- tbpw
Zriy--tfbpw ImWp-pthm bmsXm-n-\m I- krjvSnbpw ]me-\h - pw-\-S-p--h\pw kIe {]P-If - p-
tI-s-Sp- pthm bmsXm- n-\m {LmtW{nbw \m\m- tSbpw kzman-bp-amb {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. Fm C{m-Zn-tZ-
hn- [-n- ep Ksf {LmWn--dn- bp-pthm bmsXm- n- h-If- p-tSbpw ]rYn, BIm-iw, hmbp, Pew, tXPv Cu
\m ck-t\- {nbw kzmZp-tXm Cm- tXm Fp hkvXp- cq]- -e n {]I-S-am-bn-c n- p-p. ]-a-l m-`q-X - fpw
sf {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Xncn-d- n-bp-pthm AXv ap]- sNdnb sNdnb _oP-cq-]--fn nX-am-bn-cn-p Fm
d cv Bm--fn GXmWv? PohnIfpw AXp-t]mse Ah-bn \npw `n--fmbn ap-
-hbpw AXm-bXv A--fn \np-m-Ip-Xpw `qan
2. btZ-X-r-Zbw a\-ss-X-X.v kwm-\-am-m\w ]nfp-m-Ip-Xpw adp-]n-n-bn \np-m-Ip- Xpw
hnm\w {]m-\w ta[m ZrjvSn[r-Xna-Xna- hnbn \np-m-Ip-Xpw AXm-bXp a\p-jy-i-co-c-
\ojm PqXnx kvarXnx kev]x {IXp-ckpx Imtam nse Agp-n\n-p-m-Ip-Xpw IpXn-c, B\, ]ip,
hi CXn khm-tWy-ssh-Xm\n {]m-\ky \ma- a\p-jy Ch-sb-mw-Iq-Snb PKpw ]dp \S-p-Xpw
t[-bm\n `h-n. nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xpamb Poh-k-ap-Zm-b--fpw Cu Fm
C{]-Im-c-ap hnNm-c-sf Ah-X-cn-n-nv Atlw {]mWn-Ifpw {]PvRm-\-kz-cq-]\ - mb ]c-Xvam-hn\npw
Btem-Nn-p-Cu lrZbw AXm-bXv AxIcWw CXp- in- {]m-]nv Xmm-- fpsS {]hr-n-I-fn ka- cmbn

N P
 175

I hn-p-Ibpw B {]PvRm-kz-cq] ]c-am-m-hn nX- Sp-IqSn kqhpw Znhyhpw Aeu-In-Ihpw Bb t`mK- K

am-bn-c n-p-I bpw sNp- p. Cu AJne {_mw cq-]-am-Ip ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-nv Aa-c-\m-bnocppx
{]PvRm-\-i-n-bp--am-bn-cn-p-p. CXns nXn-bpsS AXmbXv \nXy-ambn P\\ ac-W--fn\npw tamNn--
B[mcw {]PvRm-\-kz- cq-]-\mb ]c-am- Xvam-hp- X-s-bm- Ip-p. s-Sp-p. "ka-`-hXv' (Bbn-op) Cu ]Z-ns ]p\-
AXn-\m bmsXmcp- t\cs C{s\pw {]Pm-]- cpn D]-\n-j-ns kam-]vX nsb kqNn-n-p--Xn-\p-
Xn-sb-pap \ma-m ]d-bs - -pthm bmsXm-cp- thn {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p.
Fm-n-tbpw cN-\bpw cbpw \Ip-Ibpw Fm-
n\pw Fm-hn-[-n-ep-ap in {]Zm\w sNp
{]PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-Xvam-hm-bn-cn-p-pthm At- imn-] mTw
lw-Xs \psS D]m-ky-tZ-h-\m-bn-cn-p {_w B Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm. at\m ta hmNn
Ip-p. {] X n- j vTn- X - a m- h n- c - h o a. G [ n. thZk y a
4. k GtX\ {]PvtR-\m-Xva-\m-kvam-tm-Im-Zp-Xm{I BWox {ipXw ta am {]lm-kox. At\-\m-[o-
aymap-jvankztK temtI khm Ima-\m-]vXzm- tX- \ m- tlm- c m- {Xm kwZ [man- E Xw hZn-j ym- an.
arXx ka-`-h--a-` -h-Xv. kXyw hZn- j yman Xm- a - h - X p. XZz- m- c - a - h Xp
AhXp ama-hXp hm-c-a-hXp hm-cw.
bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {]PvRm-\-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-
iz- cs\ Adn-bp-pthm Ah Cu temI- n\npw apI- Hmw imnx ! imnx !! imnx !!!
fn-te-bvp-bv AXm-bXv ico-cs XyPnv ]c-am-\--a- CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n
b-amb ]c-a-[m-a-n {]PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb {_lva-tm- sImSp-n-p-v.

1 {]ivt\m-]-\n-jv 3

{]ivt\m-]-\n-jv AY-th-Z-n ]n-emZ imJ- kzkvXn\ \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvX n \x

bpsS {_mW `mK-n\n-p--Xm-Wv. Cu D]-\n-j-
n ]n-emZ aljn kptI-im-Zn-I-fmb Bdp aljn-
am-cpsS Bdp tNmZy-v {Ia-{]-Imcw Dcw ]d-bp-p.
AXn-\m CXns t]cv {]ivt\m-]-\n-jv Fm-bn-
op.
imn-] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy-
tam `ncy-P{Xm:
nssc cMvssK-kvXpjvSp hmwk-kvX-\q-`n hytia
tZh-lnXw bZmbp:
]pjm hniz-thZm:
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\an:
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]X- nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Kpcp-Ip-e--fn Ay-b\w sNp injy-m X-
fpsS Kpcp-hn\pw kl-]m-Tn-Ipw XYm am\-h-k-aq-l-
n\pw awKfw Dm-Ip--Xn\mbn tZh-X-I-tfmSp {]mn-
p-p. ""tl tZh-m-tc, R R-fpsS ImXp-I-fn
ip`aw-K-f-I-c--fmb hN-\
- am{Xw tI-s. \n,
Bt- ]w, Ak`yw AXp-t]mse ap ]m]- P-\n-X--fmb
Imcy- Ch R-fpsS ImXp-I-fn ]Xn-m-Xn-cn--s.

N P

I R-fpsS kzw PohnXw `P-\]- m-cm-b-Wm-Zn-I-fm kZm
`K-hms Bcm-[-\-I-fn hym]r-X-am-bn-cn--s. I--
fnqSn {ihn-p-I-am{Xw sNmsX t\{X sImpw
R kZm awK- fs Zin--s. GsX-nepw Aaw-K-f-
Im-cntbm AYhm \mi-n- tebvp \on-sm-n-cn-p-
tXm Bb ImgvNI - sf R-fpsS ZrjvSn BIjn-m-
Xn-cn- -s. R-fpsS ico-cw, Hmtcm Ah-b- h-hpw, `K-hms\
kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xn\p kpZr-Vhpw kp]p-jSv -hp-am-
bn-o-c-s. R-fpsS Bbqv t`mK-hn-em-k--fn apgp-
In--gn-bm-Xn-cn-s; `K-hm\p {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp hn[-n-
ep Bbpv Rp e`n--s. (tZ-h-I R-fpsS
Hmtcm C{n-b--fnepw A[n-h-knv Ahsb kwc-n-p-
Ibpw {]hn- n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah-\p-Iq-e-am-
bn-cn-p--Xp-sImv R-fpsS C{n-b- kpK-a-ambn
km- n XpSp-sIm- n- cn-p-p. AXp-sImv Ah-
tcmSpw {]mn-p-Xv DNn-X-am-Ip-p) Fm Znp-I-fnepw
kpb-it- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh- c
- mb tZh-cm-P C{, k--
\mb ]qjm-h,v Acn- jSv - \n-hm-c-I- \mb Xmy (K- cp-U),
_pn-bpsS kzman-bmb _rl-k] v Xn Ctlw Fm tZh-
m-cp-tSbpw hn`q-Xn-bm-Ipp Ch kZm R-fpsS awK-
fs ]cnt]mjnn--s. Ch-cpsS Ir]-bm R-tfm-
sSm-p Fm Pohn-Ipw awKfw Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-
-s. Bym-n-Ihpw B[n-ssZ- hn-Ihpw B[n `uXn-Ihpw
Bb Fm Xm]-pw imn-bp-m-Is!
{]Y-a -{]iv \ w
1. Hmw kptIim N `mc-ZzmPx ssihyx kXy-Imax
kucym-bWo N KmKyx Iuk-e y-m-iz-em-bt\m
`mthm sshZ`nx I_o ImXym- b -\ kv tX
ssltX {_-]cm {_-\njvTmx ]cw {_m-t\z-
jamWm Gj l ssh Xw hy-Xo-XntX
l kan-Xv]m-Wtbm `K-hw ]n-em-Z-ap-]-kmx
HmwIm-c -kz-cq-]-amb kn-Zm-\-\vL-\-]-c-am- m-hns
kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn D]-\n-jv Bcw-`n-p-p. `c-Zzm-Ps
]p{X kptI-im, in_n-Ip-am-c kXy-Im-a, K-tKm-{X-
n ]nd kucym-b-Wn, tImk-e-tZi \nhm-kn-bmb
Biz-em-b-\, hnZ`-tZ-is `m-h, IXys {]]u-
{X I_n Ch {]kn--m-cm-Ip-p. Ch thZm-`ym-k-
]-cm-b-Wcpw {_-\njvT ({i-Z-[m-]qw thZm-\p-Iq-e-amb
BN-c-Ww) \S-p--hcpw Bbn-cp-p. Hcn- Cu Bdp
aljn-amcpw ]c-{_--]ctaiz-c-hn-j-b-Ia - mb Pnm-k-
bm Hn-p-]p-d-s-p. ]n-emZ aljnv Cu hnjbw Dev]m-Zn-n-p-hm C-bp-m-b-tm Atlw kev]
\m-bn--dn-bm-sav Ah tIn- cp- p. AXn-\m "{_s cq]-amb X]--\p-jvTn-p. Cu kwKXn thZ--fn {]kn-
kw_-nv \mw Adn-bp-hm-\m-{K-ln-p--sXmw Atlw
\app ]d-p-Xcpw' Fp hnNm-cnv Ah Pnm-kp-
-fpsS thj-ne ssIbn kanpw FSpp ]n-em-
Z-a-ljn-bpsS ASp- sNp.
N P
176
2. Xml k Ejn-cp-hmN `qb Gh X]km {_ K
NtcyW {ibm kwh- cw kwh- yY bYm-
Imaw {] i v\ m ] r - X bZn hn m- k ymax
khwl thmh-yma CXn.
ta-d Bdp aljn-amcpw ]c-{_--] -c-amb
Pnm- k- bm Xs-b-Sp- hXp Inv aljn ]n-
em-Z Ah-tcmSp ]dp \n X]-kzn-If - m-W-tm.
\n {_-N-cys ]men-p-sImp kmwtKm-]mw- K-th-
Zhpw ]Tn-n-cn-p-p. Fn-cp-mepw Fs B{i-a-n
hkn-p- sImv hopw Hcp kwh--c-mew {im-]qw
{_-N-cys A\p-jvTn-p-sImv X]--cy-bn Ign-bp-
hn. AXn-\p-tijw \n Fm-{K-ln-p-pthm AXv
FtmSp tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. \n tNmZn-p tNmZy-
F\n--dn-hp-X - m-sW-n \n-tlw \nv
Fm-m-cy-fpw \mbn a\-n-em-I---hn[w ]d-p-
X-cmw.
kw_w aljn-bpsS B-{]-Imcw Fm-hcpw
{i, {_-N-cyw, X]ky Chsb hn[n-]qw \n-ln-
p-sImv Hcp kwh-cw AhnsS hkn-p.
3. AY I_o ImXym-b\ Dt]Xy ]{]
`K-h ItXm l hm Camx {]Pmx
{]Pm-b CXn.
]n-em-Za- -ljn-bpsS B-{]-Imcw Ah {im-
]qw {_-Ncyw ]men-p-sImv AhsS X]-cy A\p-
jvTn-p-hm XpS-n. aljn-bpsS kwc-- W-bn kwb-
a- tm-Sp-IqSn Pohnv Hcp hjw hsc Ah XymK- a-b-ambn
PohnXw Ign-p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah-scmw hopw ]n-
emZ aljn-bpsS kao]w sNp. Ah- cn k- {]-Y- a\pw
IXy-a-ljn-bpsS {]]u-{X-\p-amb I_n `n-tbmSpw
hn\-b- tm- Spw- IqSn tNmZn-p. ""`K- h, bmsXm-n \npw
Cu kq-N-cm-N-c-Po-hnI \m\m-cq-] - -fn Dev]--
am-bn-cn-p-pthm bmsXmv CXns kp\n-n-X-amb ]c-
a-Im-c-W-am-Ip-pthm AXv Fm-Ipp?
4. Xkvssa k tlmhmN {]Pm-Imtam ssh {]Pm]
Xnx k Xt]mX]yX k X]-kvX]vXzm k anYp-\-
apXv ]mZ-b-tX. cbnw N {]mWw tNtXyXu ta _lp-
[m-{]Pmx Icn-jyX CXn.
I_-n- a-ljn- bpsS Cu tNmZyw {ihnv aljn ]n-
em-Z ]dp tl ImXym-b-\, AJne Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw
kzman-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c\v krjvSn-bpsS Bcw- `-n {]Psb
-am-Wtm! X]-n\npw Atlw k-{]-Y-a-ambn
cbnbpw {]mW-\pw, Ch cn-t\-bpw, Hcp tPmUn-bmbn
krjvSn-p. AXns\ krjvSn--Xns Dtiw Ch cpw-
IqSntv F\n- p-thn \m\m-{]-Im-c - -fn-ep-ap
 177

I krjvSn-Isf Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xn-\m-bn-cp-p. Cu a{-n kqcy-In-c-W--fp-ambn _-s-nv Ahbvp \ho-\-amb K

Fm-n\pw Poh {]Zm\w sNp-Xv GsXmcp ka-jSv n- kv^pn e`y-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Xs GsXmw ka-
Po-h- \-i-n-bm- Ip- pthm AXns\ ""{]mW'' F t]cn b--fn Fhn-sS-hn-sS-sbmw kqcy Xs {]Imiw ]c-
hnfn-p- p. Cu Poh-\-i- n-bn\n-p-Xs {]Ir-Xn-bpsS p-pthm Ahn-S-hn-sS-bp Pohn-Iv kv^pn
qe-kz-c q-]-n kakvX hkvX p--fnepw Poh, \In-s m-t-b n-c n- p- p. AXn-\ m kqcy Cu
nXn Ch-bpsS bYm-tbm-Ky-am-bp kma-RvPkyw kw`- kakvX PK-n- tbpw {]mW-\mIpp.
hn-p- I- bm qe-`qX kap-Zm- b- ns \maw "cbn' Fp
7. k Gj sshizm-\tcm hniz-cq]x {]mtWmncp-
hnfn--s-p. AXp {]mW-cq-]-amb Poh-\-i-n-bm A\p-
Z-b-tX. XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`yp-w.
{]m-Wn- X-ambn Imcya- am-Ip-p. {]mW tNX-\-bm-Ip- p.
cbn in-bpw BIr-Xnbpw BIp-p. {]mW-tbpw cbn- Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c
- n nXn-sN-p sshizm-\-c-
bp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n \np Xs krjvSn-bpsS ka- P- T - c m- n-
b m `Ww Zln-p-p. AXv kqcys Xs
kvX-Im-cy-fpw ]qn-bm--s-Sp-p. Ch-Xs A\y{X Awi-am-Ipp; AXn-\m kqcy Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXp-
Anbpw tkma\pw F-t]-cn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p. t]mse {]mW, A]m-\, kam-\, hym\, DZm- \ Cu
Ap-cq-]--fnepw {]mW hn`--am-bn-cn-p-p. AXpw
5. BZntXym l ssh {]mtWm cbn-tch
B DZ-b-kq-cys Awi-am-Wv. AXn-\m kqcy Xs
N{am cbn
BIpp Cu Imcyw Xs ASp EIvhmcm hy-am--
hm GXXv kw bqw Nmaqw s-Sp-p.
N Xkvam-qn-tch cbnx
8. hniz-cq]w lcnWw PmX-th-Zkw
Cu a{- n {]mW-tbpw cbn-b p-tSbpw kzcq- ]cm-bWw tPymXn-tcIw X]w
]s hnh-cn-p-p. ]n-em-Z ]dp Cu ImW-s-
kl-{k-civanx iX[m h-am\x
Sp kq-P-Kv {]mW\pw cbnbpw Fo cp-X-Xz-
-fp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n \ntm kn-{i-W-n {]mWx {]Pm-\ m-ap-Z-b-tXyj kqcyx.
\ntm Dm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Chsb {]tXyIw Cu IncW Pme- - f m aWv U n- X hpw {]Im- i -
{]tXyIw FSp-p-]-d-bp-hm km[y-a-. Fn-cp-mepw ]qhpw X]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xp-amb kqcy hniz-
\mw {]Xy--am-bn-m-Wp Cu kqcyXs {]mW-\m- ns kakvX cq]--fp-tSbpw tI{-am-sWv AXns
Ip-p. Fm CXns AJn-e-n\pw Poh XXzw Adn-bp--h ]d-bp-p. Fm cq]-fpw (\n-dhpw
{]Zm\w sNp tNX-\m-i-n-bpsS {][m-\-Xbpw A[n-I- BIr-Xn-bpw) kqcy-\n\npw D-hn-p-Ibpw {]Im-in-
Xbpw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu kqcy B kqva-Po-h\ - -i- p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu kqcyXs AJn-e-n-tbpw
n- bpsS L\o-`q- X-amb kzcq-]- am-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se- Xs D]-n-m-\hpw Poh tPymXn-ns aqe-t{km-Xpw
Cu N{ cbn-bm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m CXn BIp-p. CXp k-hpw km-[m-chpw BIp-p.
qe-X-Xz-sf ]pjvS n-s-Sp-p `qX-X-m-{X-I-fpsS sshizm-\-cm-KXv \n {]mW-i-n-bpsS cq]-n Fm-bn-
B[nIyw \ne-\np-p. kakvX Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw qe- Spw hym]n-n-cn-p-Ibpw Fm-n-t\bpw hln-p-sIm-
i-co-c--fpsS t]mjWw Cu N{s inb {]m]n-np n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. kakvX PK-n- tbpw {]mW-
kw`-hn-p-p. \psS ico-c-n Ch cn-tbpw in- cq]w kqcy Xs-bm-Wv. CXn\p Xpey-ambn Cu PK-
I {]tXyIw AwK-{]-Xyw-K--fn hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p. n ap bmsXmcp Poh-\-i-nbpw C. Cu kl-{k-In-
Ah-bn Poh\ inbp-am-bp kw_w kqcy-\n c- W-\mb kqcy \psS Fm {]h-\-- fp-tSbpw XpS-
\npw amwkw, taZv apX-e mb qe-X -X z- -f psS w-Ip-dn-p-sImv DZn-p-p. {]]--n NqSpw {]Im-
kw_w N{-\n \np-am-Ip-p. ihpw ]c-p-I, AJn- e-n\pw Poh- \- in {]Zm\w sNp-
6. AYm-ZnXy DZ-bbXv {]mNow Zniw {]hn-i-Xn- I, EXp-sf ]cn-h-\-s-Sp-pI apX-embn \psS
tX\ {]mNym {]mWm civanjp kn-[ -t. AkwJyw Bh-iy-sf ]qo-Ic - n-p-sImv Fm
b- nWmw bXv {]XoNow bZp- Z oNow bZt[m krjvSn-I-fp-tSbpw Poh-Zm-Xm-hmb {]mWXs kqcys
bZq[zw bZ- -c m-Zntim bw {]Im-i -b Xn cq]-n DZn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
tX\ khm {]mWm civanjp kn-[-t. kw_w k-i-n-am-\mb ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n
Cu a{-n Fm Pohn-If - n-ep-ap Poh\ in- \np-Xs At-l-ns kev]w hgn {]mW-tbpw
tbmSv kqcy-\p kw_-s ImWn-p-p. cm{Xn-p- cbn-bp-tSbpw kwtbm-K-n\npw Cu {]]--ns
tijw kqcy ]q-Zn-n DZnv Xs {]Imiw hym]n- Dev]n apX-em-bh kw`-hnp Fv ImXym-b-\ I_-
n- p-tm Ahn- sS-bp Pohn-I-fpsS {]mWs\ Xs Inc- n-bpsS tNmZy-n\p kwt-]a - mbn Dcw ]d-p.
W--fm [cn-p-p. AXm-bXv Ah-bpsS Poh\ in C\n Cu {]mW-i-n-bp-tSbpw cbn-i-n-bp-tSbpw kw_-

N P
 178

I -tm-Sp-IqSn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ D]m-kn-m-\p coXn-Ifpw D]-cyp kIm-tam-]m-k-I-m-cn\npw `n-ambn K

AXns ^e-fpw ]d- bp- - Xn- \p- thn ASp {]I-cWw Ieym-W-Im-an-I-fm-bn-p km[-I-m Cu kmwkm-cn-I-t`m-
Bcw-`n-pp K--fpsS A\n-Xy-X- tbbpw ZpxJ-kz-cq-]-tbpw a\-n-em-
n-bnv Ah-bn \npw XnIpw hnc--cm-bn-o-cp-p.
9. kwh- tcm ssh {]Pm- ] - X n- k v X - k ym- b t\
Ah {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn XymK-a-ba - mb PohnXw \bn-p-
ZnWw tNmcw N. XtZy l ssh XZn-jvSm-
Ibpw Bym-nI hnZy-h-gn-bm-bn, AXm-bXv ]c-am--
]qt IrX- an-X yp-] m- k tX tX Nm{- a- k - tah
{]m]vXn e`y-am-p--Xn-\\ - p-Iq-e-amb GsX-nepw km[\-
temI-a-`n-P-b-t. X Gh ]p\-cm-ht Xkvam-
h-gn-bm-bn, AJn-e-n-tbpw B-kz-cq-]a - mb ]c-{_--
tZX Ejbx {]Pm-Imam ZnWw {]Xn-]-Zyt Gj
]p-cp-tjm- -as\ \njvm-a- ambn D]m-kn-p-p. CXp kwh-
l ssh cbnbx ]nXr-bm-Wx.
-c-cq-]-am-Ip {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS D-cmw- K-ns D]m-k-
Cu a{-n kwh--cs ]c-am-m-hns {]Xo- \-X-s-bm-Ip-p. CXns\ Cutimhm-tkym-]-\n-j - n
I- am-n- bnv AXns AwK-cq- ]-c-bn- m- \ob t`mKy-]-Zm- kw`q-Xn-bpsS D]m-k-\s - bp ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXns
-fpsS Dt-i-tm-Sp-IqSn \S--s-Sp D]m-k-\bpw D]m-k -I D-cm-b -W -am- nqSn kqcy-tem-I -
AXns ^ehpw ]d-bp-p. `mhw Fs-m, ]{-p- nsNp kqcys B-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-
am-k--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb kwh--c-cq-]-am-Ip Imew Xs. cs\ {]m]n-p-p. kakvX PK-n-tbpw {]mW-tI{w
krjvSn-bpsS kzman-bmb ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. Cu kqcyX-s- bm-Ip-p. CXp-Xs Aa-c-Xzhpw Ahn-
CXn\v cv Ab-\--fpv; Zn-Whpw D-c-hpw. Zn- \m-inbpw \n`-b-]-Zhpw BIpp; CXp-Xs ]c-a-K-Xn-bm-
Wm-b-\ - nse Bdp amk--fn kqcy sXtm-mbn Ip-p. CXns\ {]m]n-p alm-m- aS-n-h-cp-n-.
AXns Zn-Wmw-K-sa--t]mse Id-p-p. D-cm-b-\- CXv ]q-P-s XS-bp BXy-n-I-{]-f-ba - m-Wv. Cu
nse Bdp- am- k- AXns D- cmw-K-hp-am-Ip- p. Ah- a{-n kqcys\ ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-p-
bn D{XmwKw {]mW-\m-Ipp; AXv Cu hniz-ns sIm-p-Xs D]-cyp--a-lna ]d-bs - -n-cn-p-p. CtX
B-kz-cq-]-amb B ]ctaizcs km-- cym-an-kz-cq-]- kwKXn Xs ASp a{-n Hp-IqSn kv]jvS-am-
am-W.v Zn- WmwKw cbn AXm-bXv AXns _mly-t`m-Ky- p-p.
kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. Cu temI-n km-t\-Nvip--fmb
11. ]-]mZw ]nXcw ZzmZimIrXnw Znh Blpx ]tc
Ejn-I kzmZn kmwkm-cn-I-t`m-K--fn Bk--cm-bn-
At ]pco-jn-Ww. AtXta A\y D ]tc hnN-
cn-p-p. Ah bm-Zn-I hgn-bmbn tZh-X-Isf ]qPn-
Ww k]vXN - t{I jUtc Blp-cn-Xa - n-Xn.
p- I , {_m- W mZn t{ijv T mp [\m- Z n- I - f m
kmcw \S-p-I, ZpxJn- Xp tkh\w A\p-jvTn-pI ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c s ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-cq-]-amb Cu
apX-em-b- hbpw AXp- t]mse Ipfw, InW, ]qtm-w, Bip- kqcy\v Ap-]m-Z--fp-sv F{Xtbm XXz-th-m-
]-{Xn, A\m-Ym-eb - w, ]pkvX-Im-ebw apX- embn temtIm-]- ]d-bp-p. AXm-bXv Bcp EXp--fn \npw tla-hpw
Im-c-{]-Z-- fmb Nnc-mbn kvamc-I- m]n-pI apX- inin-chpw Cu cv EXp-sf Hm-n-bnv ]-EX - p-
emb [mn-I-Ir-Xy-sf X-fpsS DIrjv-S-I-hy- sf Ah Cu kqcys Ap-N-c-W--fmbn hnh-n-
-fm-bn--cp-Xp-p. X^-ea - mbn Cu temI-nepw ]c- p- p. AXp-t]mse ]{- p-am-k-sf CXns ]{- m-
tem-I - n-epap t`mK-sf Dt-inv Ch-bpsS D]m-k-\- Ir-Xn-If - mbpw AXm-bXv ]{p ico-c-ambpw ]d-bp-p.
Isf A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXv B kwh--c-cq- CXns m\w kz-tem-I-nepw D-X-am-Ip-p. kz-
]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs Zn-Wmw-Ks Dt-inp D]m-k- temIw t]mepw CXns {]Im-iw- sImp tim`n- p-p. Cu
\-bm-Ip-p. CXn-s\-s Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n- j-n temI- n hjn- -s -S p Pe- ns Dn
Akw-`q-Xn-bpsS D]m-k\m \ma-n tZhI, ]nXr-, CXn\n-p-X-s- bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m AJn-e-n\pw Pe-
a\p-jy BZn-bmb ico-c- -fpsS tkh-ambn ]d-bs - -n-cn- cq- ]-Po-h {]Zm\w sNp- -Xp-sImv CXv Fmhcp-tSbpw
p-p. CXns {]`m-h-m Ah N{-temIw {]m]n-p- ]nXm-hm-bn-cn-p-p. ap m\n-I-fm-bp--h ]d-bp--X,v
Ibpw AhnsS Ah X- fpsS I-^-e - A\p-`h - n- Nphp a apX-embn k]vX-h-In-c-W-bp-hpw XYm
np hopw Cu temI-n-tep Xncn-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNp- hk-m-Zn-I-fmb Bdv EXp--fp-tSbpw tlXp `qX-hp-amb
p. CXp Xs ]nXr-bm-W-amw BIp-p. Cu hnip--{]-Im-i-a-ba - mb kqcy-a-WvU-e-n Ggp
N{I-fpw Bdv Bc-m-ep-If - p-ap cY-n nXn-
10. AtYm--tcyW X]km {_-N-tcyW {i
sN-p-p. CXns B kzcq] Fm-hpw \m-b-dn-
bm hnZymbmm\-a-\zn-jym-Zn-Xy-a-`n-P-b-t. GX- bm-hp k--\mb ]c-ta-iz-c, Xs D]m-ky-\m-Ip-
ssZz-{]m-Wm-\m-am-b-X-\-ta-XZ- -ar-X-a-`b
- -ta-XXv ]cm-b- p. \psS qe-t\-{X-v ImW-s-Sp kqcy-a-
W-ta-X-kvam ]p\-cm-h CtXyj \ntcm-[- WvUew AXns ico-c-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv AXns
kvXt- Zj tmIx. Xs-bmb aln-a-bm-Ip-p.

N P
 179

I 12. amtkm ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXky IrjvW-] ]I kv{XokwKw \S-m-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pw hnln-X-amb K

Gh-cbnx ipIvfx {]mW-kvX-kvam-tZX Ejbx ip cm{Xn-Im-e
- -fn imkv{Xm-\p-k-cWw \nb-an- Xhpw kwb-
CjvSw Iph-o-Xc CX-c-kvan. an-Xhpw Bb cq]-n km-t\m-ev]m-Z-t\--tbm-Sp-IqSn
am{Xw kv{Xo kl-hmkw sNp--Xn\pw D]-tZ-in--s-n-
Cu a{-n amk-p {]Pm-]Xn ]c-ta-iz-cs
cn-p-p. Atm Ah\p {_-Nm-cn-I-fpsS KW-\-bn
cq]w sImSp-np I- hgn AXns\ D]m-kn-p--
hcp-hm Ign-bp-p.
Xn\p clkyw ]d-b-s-n- cn-p-p. Hmtcm amkhpw {]Pm-
]-Xn-sb-tmse Fp `mhn-p-p. AXn IrjvW-]-- 14. Aw ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXtXm l ssh Xt{ZX
nse ]Xn-\- p-Zn-h-k- B ]c-am-m-hns Zn-Wmw- kvXkvam-Znax {]Pmx {]Pm-b CXn.
K- am-Wv. CXn- s\- Xn-cmbn (q-e-`q-XkapZm-b-ns ImcWw Cu a{-n As (`--Ww) {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS
Fp a\-n-em--Ww. CXv B ]c-ta-iz-cs in- kz-cq- cq]-n hn`m-h\w sNbvXnv AXns aln- asb ]d-bpp
]-amb t`mK-ab cq]-am-Ip-p. C\n ip-]--nse ]Xn- AJne Poh-Pm-e--fp-tSbpw Blm-c-cq-]a - mb Aw
\p Znh-k- D-cmw-K-am-Wv. CXp-Xs {]mW-\m-Ip- Xs {] Pm- ] - X n - b m- I p- p. F p- s Im- s - m
p. Fm-n\pw Poh{]-Zm\w sNp ]c-am-m-hns CXn\npw hocy-ap-m-Ip-Ibpw B hocy-n\npw
km--cy-an-bmb Ejn-bm-bn-c n- p- pthm AXm-b Xv kakvX Pohn-Ifpw D-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cm-c-W-
bmsXmcp cbn m\ob t`mK-hk - vXp--fn\npw m Cu A- tbpw {]Pm-]-Xn-sbp KWn-p-p.
hnc--\m-bnv {]mW-m-\ob km cq]-amb ]c-{_-
s B{K- ln- p- pthm Ah Xs kakvX ip`- I- kw_w C\n t\cs ]d-n-p cp {]Im-c--
sf ip-]--n A\p-jT v n-pp; AXm-bXv ip-]- fn-ep-ap km[-I
- m-scbpw tbmPnnp {]tXyIw
{]tXyIw ^e-sf hn-pp
- m-\o-b-\mb {]mWm-[mc ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c -\mbn
AWw sNp-p. kzbw AXns bmsXm-cp-^-ehpw 15. XtZy l ssh XXv{]-Pm-]-Xn-{hXw cNn tX
Cn-p-n-. Ch-bn\npw hn`n--ambn t`mKm-k--cm- anYp-\-ap-Xv]m-Z-b-t. tXjm-ta-sshj {_-tem-tIm-
bn-p--h IrjvW-]n AXm-bXv IrjvW] tbjmw Xt]m {_-Ncyw tbjp kXyw {]Xn-jvTn-
m\o-b-amb qe-]-Zm--fpsS {]m]vXn-p-thn Xw.
Fm-hn[ I-fpw A\p-jT v n-p-p.
bmsXm-cp- km-t\mn cq]-amb {]Pm-
13. Atlm-cmt{Xm ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-kvXk
- ym-l -tch ]XnbpsS {hXw A\p-jT v n-p-pthm AXm-bXv kzm-Zn-
{]mtWm cm{Xn-tch cbnx {]mWw hm GtX {]kv- tem-I--fnse t`mK- {]m- Xn- p- thn imkv{X-hn-ln-X- -fmb
-ntb Znhm cXym kwbp-Pyt {_-N-cy-tah I-sf BN-cn-p-sImv \nb-am-\p-krXw kv{XokwKw
XZzm-{Zm{Xu cXym kwPy-t. apX-emb t`mK-sf D]-t`m-Kn-p-p-hthm Ah ]p{X-
mtcbpw ]p{Xn-I-tfbpw Dev]m-Zn-np {]P-Isf hn-n-
Cu a{-n cm{Xn-bp-tSbpw ]I-en-tbpw cq]-amb
p-p. bmsXm-cp- CXn\npw `n-\m-bn-cn-p-
Ccp-]- n- \mep aWn-q Ime- cq- ]-n ]c-ta-iz-cs cq]-
pthm bmsXm-cp--\n {_-N-cyhpw X]pw \nd-n-
I-ev]\ \S-n-bnv Poh-t\m-]-tbm-Kn-bmb I--fpsS
cn-p-pthm bmsXm-cp-s PohnXw kXy-a-bhpw XYm
clkyw {Kln---s-Sp-p. Cu cmhpw ]Iepw IqSn-t-cp-
kXy-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Xs lrZ-b-n \nXy
Xp ]c-ta-iz-cs ]q-cq-]-sa-mWp `mhw. Znhkw
hpw nX- \mbn Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-\p-am{Xw
AJn-e-n\pw Poh {]Zm-\w-sN-p At-l-ns B {_-temIw (]-c- a-]-Zw, ]c-a- K-Xn) e`n-pp; ampw
{]Im-i-ab hnip--cq-]hpw cm{Xn t`mK-cq-]-amb cbnbpw e`n- p-n-.
BIp-p. AXp-Im-cWw bmsXm-cp- ]Ik-abw
kv{XokwKw sNp- pthm AXm-b Xv ]c-a m- m-hns 16. tXjm-aku hnctPm {_-temtIm \ tbjp
hnip kzcq-]s {]m]n-p--Xn-\p C-tbmSp IqSn Pn-a-\rXw \ ambm tNXn.
{]Im-i-a-b-amb am-nqSn Nen-p-hm Bcw-`n- bmsXm-cp--\n IpSn-eX eh-teiw t]mep-an-m-Xn-cn-
npw kv{XokwKw apX-emb t`mK-hn-em-k--fn Bk-- p-pthm bmsXm-cp- kz]v\-nt]mepw anYym-`m-
\m-bn-cn-p-pthm Ah Xs ey-n-se-msX Cu jWw sNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Ak-Xy-a-b-amb BN-c-W--
Aaqey Pohn-X t hy-ambn \jvS-s -S p-p-p. fn \nv AI-p-\np-Ibpw sNp-pthm bmsXm-cp-
CXn\npw `n-ambn bmsXm-cp- kmwkm-cn-Ia - mb -\n cmK-tZz-jm-Zn-hn-Imc kYm Cm-Xn-cn-p-
DXn B{K-ln- p-pthm Ah imkv{X \nb-aa\pk- cnv pthm bmsXm-cp- Fm-{]-Im-c-n-ep-ap h-\,
EXp- I m- e - n cm{Xn- k - a bw \nb- a m- \ p- k r- X - a mbn Im]Syw XpSnb-h-bn \np cln-X-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm
kv{XokwKw \S-pp Fn Ah imkv{X-ns Ah-\p-am{Xw B hnIm-c-c-ln-X-amb {_-temIw e`n-p-
B-I ]men-p--Xp-sImv {_-Nm-cnp Xpey-\m- p. CXn\p hn]-co-X-amb e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hv
bn-o-cp-p. Cu a{-n Krl--m Hcn-epw AXp e`n-p-n-.

N P
 180

I ZznXo-b -{]iv\w 4. tkm`nam- \ -Zq[z-a p-X v{I-aX Ch Xkvan- pXv K

{Ima-Xy-tY-Xtc kh Gthm-Xv{Im-at Xkvanw
1. AY ssl\w `mthm sshZ`nx ]{]-. `K-
{]Xn-j vT-a mt\ k Gh {]mXn-jvT-t. XZyYm
h ItXyh tZhmx {]Pmw hn[m-c -b t IXc
anIm a[p-I-c-cm-Pm-\-ap-Xv{Im-aw khm Gthm-
GXXv {]Im-i-bt Ix ]p\-tcjmw hcnjvT CXn.
Xv{Im-a Xkva nw {]Xn-jvT -amt\ khm Gh
Cu a{-n `m-h-a-ljn ]n-em-Zt- \mSv aqp {]mXn-jvT Ghw hmMva-\-px t{im{Xw N tX
kwK-Xn-I tNmZn-p-p. 1. Poho-I-fpsS ico-cs hln- {]oXmx {]mWw kvXp\z-n.
p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv BsI F{X tZh-X-I-fmWv? 2. Ah-
Atm Ahsc Xs {]`mhw ImWnv HXp-p--Xn-
bn GsXmw CXns\ {]Im-in-n-pp? 3. Chcn
\p- thn k- t{i- jvT-\mb {]mW A`n- am-\-n\p apdnhp
AXyw t{ijvT-\m-bn-p-Xv Bcv?
Xn-b-Xp-sImv cpjvS-\mbn ico-c-n \npw shfn-bn
2. Xkv s sa k tlmhm-N m- I mtim l hm Gj t]mIp--Xn\p apIfnte-bvp-b-cp-hm XpS-n. Fm-tZ-h-
tZthm hmbp-c - n-c m]x ]rYznho hmMva -\-px X-Ifpw hnh-i-cmbn {]mW-t\m-sSmp she-bn-tev Cd-
t{im{Xw N, tX {]Im-iy-`n-h-Zn hb-ta-XZ- v_m-W- p- hm-\m-cw- `n-p. Hn\pw nc- ambn \ne- \n-evp-hm Ign-
a-hjvS`y hn[m-c-bmax. n-. {]mW kzm-\v nc-ambn \n-tm ap-
C{]-Im-c-ap `m-hs tNmZy-n\p aljn-]n--em- -hpw nc-ambn \np-hm Ign-p. tX\o--I-
Z adp-]Sn ]d-p. ChnsS cp {]iv\-fpsS Dcw fpsS cmn kzm\w hnp ]d- p-t]m- Iptm ap tX\o-
Hm-bn-sIm-Sp-p-p. Atlw ]dpx AJn-e-n-tbpw Ifpw ]dp t]mIp-Ibpw Xncnp hn-cn-p-tm ap-
B[mcw BIm-i-cq-]-am-I tZh-\m-Wv. AXn\npw - h bpw hn- c n- p- I bpw sNp- -X p-t]m-s e-b p
DXv`hn hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYzn Cu \mep alm-`q-X- Ah Cu tZh-X-Ipw kw`-hn-p. CXp-Ip hmWn,
fpw ico-cs hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cu qe-i- Npv, t{im{Xw BZn-bmb Fm C{n-b-pw a\v
cocw Ch-bn\n-p-m-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ch apX-emb Ax-I-c-W-pw X- fn Ghpw t{ijvT
[mc-I-tZ- h-X-I- fm-bn- cn-p-p. hmWn apX-emb Ap-It- {]mW-\m-sWp hnizmkw hp. AXn-\m Ah-scmw
{n-b-fpw t\{Xw, t{im{Xw BZn-bmb Ap mt\- {]k--cmbn hnhn-[-co-Xn-If - n {]mWs\ kvXpXn-p-hm
{n-b-fpw AXp-t]mse a\v XpS-n-bmb \me-x-Ic - - XpS- n.
W-fpw Cu ]Xn-\mep tZh-X-I ico-cs {]Im-in-n- kw_w {]mW-s\- s ]c-{_ ]c-ta- iz- cs kzcq-
p--h-cm-Ip-p. Cu tZh-X-I ico-cs hln-p-Ibpw ]-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-p--Xn\v AXns km cq]-
{]Im-in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXp-sImv Ch [mc-I- tm-Sp-Iq-Snb al-Xzs hnh-cn-p-p.
mcpw {]Im-i-I-m-cp-amb tZh-XI Fp hnfn--s-Sp-
5 . G tj m Kv\ n k vX ] - t X yj k qc y G j
p. Ch Cu tZls {]Im-in-n-p-sImv ]c-k] v cw
Ie-ln-p-I-bpw. ""\mw Cu ico-c - n\v B{ibw \In
]t\ym aL-hm-t\jp hmbpx
\ne-\npp'' Fv Al-m-c-]qw ]c-kv]cw ]d-bp- Gj ]rYzn-h-c-bnthx kZ-k-m-arXw N bXv.
Ibpw sNp-p. hmWn apX-emb Fm tZh-XIfpw kvXpXn-p-sImp
3. Xmh-cnjvTx {]mW Dhm-N. am taml-am-]-ZyYm ]dp Cu {]mWXs An-cq]w [cnp Pzen-p-
lta-ssh-X -Xv ]-[mm\w {]hn-` -s sPy-X-Zv_ m- p. CXp-Xs kqcy-\m-Ip-p. CXp-Xs taLhpw; CXp-
W-a-hjvS`y hn[m-c-bm-aoXn tX{i[m\m _`phpx Xs C{\pw hmbphpw; CXp-Xs tZh\pw ]rYznbpw
cbnbpw (`q-X -k-ap-Zm-bw) BIp-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs
C{]- Imcw kq alm-`q- X- , C{n- b-fpw Ax- kpw Akpw BIp-p. Ch-sb-m-nepw t{ijvT-
I-c-W-cq-]h- p-amb tZh-X-I ]c-kv]cw hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw \S- \mb Aa-c-kz-cq-] ]c-am-mhpw Cu {]mWX-s-bm-
n-b -tm, k-t{i-jvT -\ mb {]mW Ah-tcmSp Ip-p.
]dp ""\n Adn-hn-m- - h- tc- tmse C{]-Imcw hmZ-
{]- Xn-hmZw \S-m-Xn- cn-q. \n Bcnepw Cu ico- cs 6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u {]mtW khw {]Xn-jvTnXw!
hln-p--Xnt\m kpc-n-X-ambn \ne \np--Xnt\m EtNm bPpwjn kmam\n bx-{Xw {_ N.
D in-bn-. Rm Fss ({]m-W, A]m-\,
F{]-Imcw cY-N-{I-ns IpS-n LSn-n-n-cn-p
kam-\, hym\, DZm-\) Ambn hn`-Pnv B{ibw
Imep-I B IpS-s-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-pthm
\In CXns\ hln-p-sIm-n-cn-pp; Fms
A{]-Imcw Xs EtKz- Zw, bPpthZw Ch- bnse Fm a{-
CXv kpc-n-X -ambn \ne-\np-p.'' {]mWs Cu
fpw kma-thZw apgp-h\pw Ah hgn-bmbn \S--s-Sp
hmpI tInv B tZh-X-I AXp hniz-kn-n-. Ah
bmZn ip`-I- fpw B I- \S-p {_m-
Ahn-izm-knIfmbn-s Ign-p.
W, {Xn-b apX-emb A[n-Im-cn-h-fpw Ch-sbmw

N P

I {]mWs B[m-c-n Dd-p-\np-p. Fm-n-tbpw
B{ibw {]mWX-s-bm-Ip-p.
kw_w C{]-Imcw {]mWs alXzw ]d-nv C\n
AXns\ kvXpXn-pp
7. {]Pm-]-Xn-c
- kn Kt` Xztah {]Xn-Pm-b-tk.
Xp`yw {]mW {]Pm-kvXznam _enw lcn bx
{]mssWx {]Xn-Xn-jvTkn
tl {]mW, \o Xs {]Pm-]Xn (Po-hn-I-fpsS Cuiz-
c) BIp-p. K`-n {]th-inv amXm-]n-Xm--\p-
cq-]-amb km-\-cq-]-n P-sa-Sp-p-Xpw \o Xs.
Fm Pohn- Ifpw \n\-p- Xs ImgvN-k- an-p-p. \ns
Xr]vXn-p-th-n-s `Ww Ign-pp Fp `mhn- 12. bm tX X\qhmNn {]Xn-jvTnXm bm
p-p. \oXs A]m-\mZn Fm {]mWn-I-tfmSpw IqSn
Fm-h-c p-tSbpw ico-c -n nXn-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cn-
p-p.
8. tZhm-\m-akn hn-Xax ]nXrWmw {]Y-am-kz-[m.
EjoWmw NcnXw kXy-a-YmMvKnc-km-a-kn.
tl {]mW, tZhIpthn lhnv Fn-p-sIm-
Sp- p D-a-amb An \o Xs-bm-Ip- p. ]nXr-
p BZy- {im- hpw \oX-s. AYmw- Kn-cp apX-
emb aljn-am-cm BN-cn-X-amb kXyhpw \oX-s-bm-
Ip-p.
9. C{kvXzw {]mW tXPkm cpt{Zmkn
]cn-c- nXm
Xza--cnt Nckn kqcykvXzw
tPymXn-jmw-] -X n.
tl {]mW! \o Fm hn[-n-epap tXP-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb (i-n) {XntemI kzman-bmb C{-\m-Ip-p. \o Xs
{]f-b-Im-e-n Fmnt\bpw kwl-cn-p cp{Z\pw
Fm-n- t\bpw bYm-tbmKyw kwc-n-p--h\pw BIp-p.
A-co- -n hnl-cn-p hmbphpw AXp-t]mse
An, N{, \-{X- apX-emb tPymXnK-W--fpsS
kzman-bmb kqcy\pw \oX- s-bm-Ip-p.
10. bZm Xza-`n-hjkytYamx {]mW tX {]Pmx
B\- -cq-]m-kvXn-j vTn Imam-bm- w-`-hn-jy-Xo-Xn.
tl {]mW! \o taL-cq-]-ambn ]rYzn-bn Fm-bn-
Spw ag-s]-n-p- tm \ns Cu {]P-I- sfmw ""\psS
Pohn-X-\n-l-W-n\p [mcmfw [m\yw Dev] - -amIpw''
Fp Bi-bn B\ \na--cm-bn-o-cp-p.
11. {hmXykvXzw {]mssW-Ijn-cm
hnizky kXv]Xnx
hb-am-Zyky ZmXm-cx-]n-XmXzw amX-cniz \x
N P
181
tl {]mW! kwkvm-c-c-ln-X- \m-bn-cp-npw k-t{i- K
jvS-\mb Ejn-bm-Ip-p. \o kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ip Xs.
AXn-\m \n\pw kwkvm-cw-h-gn-bm-bp ipn-bpsS
Bh-iyta C. {]XypX \o Xs AJn- e-tbpw ]hn-{Xo-
I-cn- p GI- am-{X\pw k- t{i- jvT- \p- amb aljn Fp
Xm-cyw. R (Fm C{n-b- a\v XpS-n-b-h)
\n\-m-bn-smv \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep t`mPy-]-Zm-
AWw sNp--hcpw \o Ahsb `pPn-p--h\pw
BIp-p. \o Xs AJne {_m-WU v -n-tbpw D-a-
\mb kzman. BIm-i-Nm-cnbpw ka-jvSn-hm-bp-hk - z-cq-]-\p-
amb {]mW, \o R-fpsS ]nXm- hm- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-s-
m \nn\n-p-Xs R-sfmw D-hn-n-cn-p-p.
t{imt{X bm N Npjn
bm N a\kn kXm inhmw Xmw
Ipcp tamXv{Iaox
tl {]mW! \ns bmsXmcp kzcq]w hmWn, t{im{Xw,
Npv apX-emb ka-kvtX-{nbfnepw a\v apX-emb
Ax-I-c-W--fpsS hrn-I-fnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm
AXns\ \o awK-f-a-b-am-n-ot-W-ta. AXm-bXv \nn-
bmsXmv Rp {im-e p--fm-bn-cn- p-h m
Bthiw \Intbm AXns\ \o im- am-n-bm-epw. \o
ico-c
- n \npw Dbp shfn-bn t]mIm-Xn-cn-q.
CXp R-fpsS {]m-\-bm-Ip-p.
13. {]mW-tkyZw hti khw {XnZnth
bXv{]-Xn-j vTnXw
amtXh ]p{Xm ckz {io {]mw
N hnt[ ln \ CXn.
F{Xtbm hkvXp- kz- nepw `qan- bnepw kv]jvS-
ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. Ah-sb-mw-Xs Cu Pohn-I-
[o- \-am-bn- cn-p-p. CsXmw Nnnv C{mZn tZh- m Ah-
km\w {]mW-t\mSp {]mn-pp ""tl {]mW, Hcp
amXmhp Xs Ipns\ F{]-Imcw kwc-n-ppthm
AtX-{]-Imcw \o Rsf cn-p-Ibpw Rv
sFiz-cyhpw Imnbpw AXm-bXv {]h-\-i-nbpw
m\hpw {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw sN-tW.
C{]-Imcw Cu {]I-c-W-n `mh aljn-bpsS
aqp tNmZy- pw adp-] -Sn-b mbn ]n-em-Z-a-ljn
kakvX Pohn-Ipw ico-c-pw kzmyw \In
B-c-ambpw _mly-ambpw \ne-\np-Xv BIm-i-X-Xz-
am-Ipp F Imcyw Ahsc {Kln-n- p. AtXm-Sp- IqSn ico-
cm-hbhsf ]qo-I-cn-p-Xp hmbp, An, Pew,
`qan Fn-s\ \mep XXz-- fm-Ip-p. ]v C{n- b-fpw
Ax- I - c -W hpw Cu XXz- v {]Imiw \In
{]h\ k-am- p-- h-bm- W.v Ch-bn-semw t{ijvSb-
am-bn-p-Xp {]mW BIp- p. AXn-\m {]mW Xs
 182

I hmkvX-h
- n Cu ico-cs hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. {]mW ]c-am-m-hn \npw D-hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. B K
{]mW- s\- q- SmsX Cu ico-cs hln-p--Xn-\p in ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cXs D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Whpw Ah
asm-n\pw Xs-bn-. asm C{n-bm-Zn-I-fnepw CXns Xs CXns cN-bn-Xmhpw BIp-p. AXn-\m CXns
Xs in A\p-kyqXw {]h-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. nXn B alm-m-hmb ]c-ta-iz-c\v A[o-\-am-Ip-p. a\p-
CXns Xs in e`n-nv Ah ico-cs hln-p-sIm- jys Omb Ah--[o-\-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-X-s- bm-
n-cn-p- p. Wn-Xv. CXm-Ipp BZys {]iv\ns D-cw. C\n
cm-as tNmZy-ns Dcw a\-p-hgn kw`-hn-
p k-e] v -n\npw {]mW ico-c-n {]th-in-
XrXo- b -{]iv\ w p-p. acn-p kabw Pohn-I-fpsS a\-n AXns
1. AY ssl\w Iuk-eymizem-b\x ]{] `K- I-a-\p-k-cn-p Fsmw k-ev]--fptm Ah\v
h IpX Gj {]mtWm PmbtX IY- am- b m-X y- A-s \-X -s -b p icocw e`n- p- p. AXn-\ m
kvan icoc Bm\w hm {]hn-`Py IYw {]mXn- {]mWs ico-c - n-te-p {]th-i\w a\-ns k-
jvTtX tIt\m-Xv{I-atX IYw _mly-a-`n-[t IY- ev] - n\n- p- m-Ip-p.
a-ym- -an-X n. kw_w C\n Biz-em-b-\s aqm-as tNmZy-n-
Cu a{- n Biz- em-b\ ap\n ]n-em-Z-a-ljn- tbmSv \p adp-]Sn Bcw-`n-p-p.
BsI Bdp kwK-Xn-I tNmZn-p-p. 4. bYm k{am-tU-hm-[n-Ir-Xm
1. Ap hn {]mW Bcn\npw D- hnp? 2. AXv \nbpMvt GXm {Kmam-t\-Xm{Km-am-\-[n
Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-n Fs\ {]th-in-pp? 3. X- XnjvT-tkz-tXy-h-ta-sshj {]mW CXcm
ms\ hn`-Pn--sv F{]-Imcw ico-c-n nXn-sN- {]mWm ]rYIv ]rY-tKh kn-[-t.
pp? 4. Hcp ico-cs Dt]-n-np asmcp ico-c-n-
tep t]mIp kabw BZy-ic - o-c-n \npw F{]- ChnsS aljn DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw aqm-as {]iv\-
Imcw ]pd- s-Spp? 5. Cu _mly (]m`uXn- I) PK- ns\ n\p adp-]Sn ]d-bpp F{]-Imcw `qa-WvU-e-ns
F{]-Imcw hln-pp? 6. a\v C{n-b - , apX-em-bh N{I-hn-am {Kma- pw \K-c-pw P\-] -Z-
Bymn (B--cn-I) PK-ns\ F{]-Imcw hln-pp? pw {]tXyIw {]tXy-Ia - mbn A[n-Im-cn-Isf \nb-an-
ChnsS {]mWs hnj-b - n, BZyw sImSp adp-]-Sn- p-pthm Ah-bpsS A[n-Im-c- hoXn-p-sIm-Sp-p-
bn hcm D-c--fpsS tNmZy--fmWp tNmZn-n-cn-p- pthm AtX-{ ]-I m-c w-X s Cu k-t {i-j vT -\ mb
- Xv. Ah BZys Dc tIp {]k-- cm-bn-cp-p. {]mW\pw kzw AwK-cq-]-amb A]m-\, hym\ apX-
AXn-\m tNmtZym- -c-th- f-bn kptI-imZn Bdp aljn- emb ap {]mW-\p-Isf ico-c-ns {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
amcpw Hn-n-cp-n-cpp Fp kv]jvS-am-Ip-p. `mK--fn {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Imcy-mbn \ntbm-
Kn- p- p.
2. Xkvssa k tlmhm-Nm-Xn-{]-iv\m ]rkn
kw_w C\n apJy-{]m-W, A]m-\, kam-\ Ch
{_njvtTmkoXn Xkvatlw {_ho-an.
aqn-sbpw hmk-m- \hpw {]hr-n- Ifpw hnh-cn-p-p.
Cu a{-n ]n-emZ aljn Biz-em-b-\s
5. ]mbq- ] t]m\w Npx- t {imt{X apJ-\ m-
tNmZyw ITn-\-am-sWp ]dbp-Ibpw At-l-ns _pn-
knIm`ymw {]mWx kzbw {]mXn-jvTtX at[y Xp
a--tbbpw X-io-e-tbpw {]iw-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-
kam-\x. Gj tlyX-p-X-aw kaw \bXn Xkvam-
p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ""\o tNmZn coXn Inv AXn\p adp-
tZXmx k]vXmntjm `h-n.
]Sn Xtc--bm-hi - y-hp-an-. Fm \o X _pn-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-b tNmZn-s - Xp Rm a\-n-em- p-p. \o CXp kzbw apJpw \mkm-Zzm-c - nepw IqSn k-
{imephpw thZ--fn \njvWm-X\pw BIp-p. AXn- cnv t\{X--fnepw t{im{X--fnepw nXn-sN-p-Ibpw
\m Rm \ns tNmZy-p adp-]Sn ]d-bmw.'' F AXp-t]mse KpZ-nepw D]--nepw A]m- \s\ m]n-
`mhhpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p. p-Ibpw sNp- p. AXns tPmen-I ae-aq-{X-sf ico-
c-n\npw ]pd-t-bvpXpIbpw cP-v, hocyw,
3. B\ Gj {]mtWm PmbtX bssYjm
K`w Chsb shfn- bn-tebvp Xn-hn-Sp-Ib- p-am-Wv. ico-
]pcptj Omssb-X-kvan-t-XZ- m-XXw at\m-Ir-tX-\m-
c-ns a[y-`m-K-v, \m`n-bn, kam-\s\ m]n-p-p.
bm-Xy-kvan ico-tc.
Cu kam-\-hm-bp-hn-s\-s {]mW-cq-]-am-Ip An-
ChnsS aljn ]n-em- Z Biz-em- b- \s cp tNmZy- bn lh\w sNbvXp- sImv DZ- c- n hp hogp A-
p {Ia-{]-Imcw adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-ns {]I- s, AXm-bXp kmcmw-is ico-c-ns Fm AwK-
cWw \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm B k-t{i-jSv -\mb {]-Xyw-K--fn bYm-tbmKyw ka-`m-h- n Fn-p-sIm-

N P
 183

I Sp-p-p. B A-ns kmc-`q-X-amb ck-n \npw (Hcp ico-c-n\npw ]pd-sv apJy {]mW DZm-\- K
Xs Cu ico- c-n Ggp Pzme- I AXm- bXv Fm hnj- t\bpw Iqn AXp- hgn ap ico- c-n-tebvp t]mIptm
b--tfbpw {]Im-in-n-p cp t\{X-. cp sNhn- Xs AwK-`q-X-amb kam-\mZn {]mW--tfbpw C{n-bw,
I, cp \mkm-Zzm-c - -, Hcp apJw (c-k-\) Cu Ggp a\v Ch-tbbpw Iqn-sm-p-t]m-Ip-p. Ch-sb-m-n-
Zzmc- D--am-bn-cn-p-p. B ck-n \npw tbpw kzman-bmb Pohm- mhpw AXn-t\m- Sp- Iq- Sn- tm-Ip-p.
]pjvSn {]m]n-nv Ch Xmm- - fpsS {]hr-n-I ka- Cu Imcyw ChnsS ]d-tb--Xp-v.)
ambn sNp-p.
kw_w C\n cp a{--fn-embn Bizemb\s
kw_w C\n hym\s KXn hn-pp Apw Bdpw tNmZy--fpsS Dcw sImSp-p-sImv
Pohm- mhp {]mtW-{n-b --tfm-S p-I qSnb Hcp ico-c -
6. l rZn tl yj B m A ss {X - X - t Z- I - i X w
n\npw asmcp ico-c-n-tep t]mIp-Xp kw_-
\mUo\mw Xmkmw iXw iX-ta-ssI-Ikymw Zzmk-
- amb Imcyw kv]jvS-am-p-p.
]vX -XnZzm-k-]vXXnx {]Xn-i m-Jm-\m-Uo-k-l-{kmWn
`h-ymkp hym\- -c-Xn. 8. BZntXym l ssh _mlyx {]mW DZ-tXyj tly
\w Nmpjw {]mW-a-\p-{K-lvWm\x ]rYznhyw bm
Cu ico-c - n Po-hm-m-hns \nhmk m\-amb
tZh Xmsskjm ]pcp,-kym-]m-\a
- -h-jvS-`ym-cm bZm-
lrZ-b-n Hcp-\qdp {][m\ \mUn-Ifpw Ah-bn Hmtcm
Imix k kamt\m hmbhym-\x.
\mUn-Ipw \qdp-hoXw imJm \mUn-Ifpw Ah-bn
Hmtcm \mUn-Ipw \qdphoXw imJm \mUn-Ifpw Dv. kqcy Xs Fm- n- tbpw _mly- {]m- W
Cu Hmtcm imJm-\m-Unpw Fgp-]-o-cm-bncw {]Xn-imJm BIpp Fv ]q-ambn {Kln--Ww. Cu apJy-{]m-W
\mUn-Ifpw Dv. C{]-Imcw ico-c-n BsI Fgp-]-n- kqcy-cq-]-n DZnv ico-c-ns AwK-{]-Xyw-K-sf
c- p-tImSn \mUn-I-fp-- Xn Fmw Cu hym\-hmbp k- ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw t\t{X-{n-b - sf A\p-{K-ln-p-
cn- p-sIm-n-cn-p- p. Ibpw sNp-p. AXn\v ImgvNi - n AYhm {]Imiw
\Ip-p. ]rYzn-bnep tZhX AXm-bXv A]m\ hmbp-
kw_w C\n DZm-\-hm-bp-hns m\hpw {]h-
hns in AXv a\p-jy-cpsS Dn hkn-p A]m-\-
\-fpw ]d-bp--tXm-Sp-IqSn Biz-em-b-\sd \mem-as
hm-bp-hn\v B{ibw \Ip-p. Cu A]m-\-hm-bp-hns
tNmZyns D-chpw \I-s-Spp
in KpZpw, Kp]vt\-{n-b- Chsb klm-bn-p-Ibpw
7. AssY- I - tbm[z DZzm\x ]ptWy\ ]pWyw Ch-bpsS _mly-amb kvYqem-Im-cs hln-p-Ibpw
temIw \bXn ]mt]\ ]m]-ap-`m-Pym-tah a\p-jy- sNp-p. kz-n\pw `qanpw CS-p BImiw
tem-Iw. Xs kam-\-hm-bp-hns _mly-kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv Cu
apI-fn ]d-n-p Fgp-]-n-c-p-tImSn \mUn-I- ico- c-ns _mly-- fmb AwK- {]-Xyw-K-p hn{iaw
fn \npw `n-ambn asmcp \mUn-Iq-Sn-bp-v. AXns\ \In Ahsb ]c-c-n-p-Ibpw ico-c-n-\p-n-ep
kpjpav\ Fp ]d-bp-p. AXv lrZ-b-n\npw ]pd- kam-\-hm-bp-hn\v AXn k-cn-p--Xn\p kuIcyw
sp apI-fn akv X-I-n-te-bv p t]mIp- p. AXp- sImSp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXns klm-b-m I-
hgnbmbn DZm-\-hmbp ico-c- ns apI `mK-tbvp p {ihn-p-hm Ign-bp-p. BIm-i-n Ncn-p-
k-cn-p-p. (C-{]-Imcw Aiz-em-b-\s aqm-as sIm-n-cn-p hmbp-Xs hym\-hm-bp-hns _mly-cq-]-
{]iv\ns kam-[m\w ]d-nv aljn ]n-em-Z am-Ip-p. AXv Cu ico-c-ns _mly-am-bp AwK-{]-
Abm-fpsS \mem-as {]iv\-ns Dcw kwt]- Xyw-K-sf {]h-\-k--am-n-op-Ibpw imn
am-bn--d-bp-p.) bmsXm-cp- ]pWy-i o-e-\m-bn- cn-p- {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw sNpp; Dnse hym\-hm-bp-hns\
pthm bmsXm-cp-s k--fpsS ^ew A\p-`- \mUn-If - nqSn \bn-p-Ibpw XzKn-{n-b-n\v kv]i-
hn-t ka-b- am-bn-cn-p- pthm Ahs\ Cu DZm\ hmbp- \-m\w Dm-p--Xn klm-bn-p-Ibpw sN-pp.
Xs ap {]mWn-I-tfmSpw C{n-b--tfmSpw IqSn h- 9. tXtPm l hm DZm-\ -kvXk - vam-Zp-]-i m--tXPmx
am\ ico-c - n\npw ]pd-sp ]pWy-tem-I-n ]p\`h an{n-ssba-\kn k-Zy-am-ss\x.
kzmZn D- X- tem-I--fn-tebvp sImp-t]m- Ip-p. ]m]-
kqcy-s bpw An-bp-s Sbpw _mly-amb tXPv
I--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a\p-jysc iqIc IqI-cmZn ]m]-tbm-
DjvW-Xzw, AXp-Xs DZm-\-hm-bp-hns _mly-kz-cq-]w.
\n-If- nepw cuc-hm-Zn-\n-c-I--fnepw sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw
AXp ico-c - ns _mly-am-bp AwK-{]-Xyw-K-sf
AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- ]m]-]p-Wy-I--fpsS a{in-
XWp-n-p-hm A\p-hZ- n-p-n-. IqSmsX ico-c-ns
X-^ ew A\p-`h - n-p--Xn\p A`n-ap-J-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
B- cn-tIm-ja v m-hns\ nc- s-Spn \np-Ibpw sNp-
Ahs\ a\p-jy-i-co-c-n-tebvv sImp-t]m-Ibpw sN
p. Hcp-s ico-c - n \npw DZm-\-hmbp amdn--gn-
p-p.
m Ahs icocw NqSm-bn- cn-p-n-. AXn-\m ico-

N P

I c-n\v NqSn-m-Xmbn AXn \nh-kn-p Pohm-mhv a\-
n hneo-\-ambn C{n-b-sf tNp-sImv DZm-\-hm-
bp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn ap ico-c-n-tep amdn-tm-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n Biz-em-b-\s \mem-as tNmZy-
nse AXm-bXv {]mW Hcp ico-c-n \np ]pd-sv
ap ico-c
- ntem temI-ntem {]th-in-p Imcyw-
hopw kv]jvS-am-p-p.
10. bn--kvtX-ss\j {]mW-am-bmXn {]mWkvtX
Pkm bpx klm-\m bYm-k--ev]nXw temIw
\b-Xn.
acn-p kabw Cu Bm-hn\v GsXmw k-ev]-
-fp-m-Ip-pthm AXns a\v An-a-\n-an-j-n
GXp `mh-\-I Nnn-n-cp-pthm B k-e] v -tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb a\-v, C{n-b - sf Iqn-smv apJy {]mW-\n
nXn-sN-p-p. B apJy {]mW DZm-\-hm-bp-hp-am-bn-
tv Xtm-sSmv a\pw C{n-b - fpw Hn-p
Pohm- m- hns\ B Ana k-ev]-a-\p-k- cnv bYm-tbmKyw
`n `n temIfntem AYhm tbm\n-I-fntem B\-bn-
p-p. AXn-\m Xs a\- n \nc-cw `K- hms\ Nnn-
p-sIm-n-c n-p-Xv AXyw DNn-X-am-bn-c n-pw. ap
kev]- Hpw hcp-hm-\-\p-h-Zn--cp-X.v Fp-sIm-s-
m PohnXw Aev]hpw A\n-Xy-hp-am-Ip-p. A{]-Xo-n-
X- ambn Cu ico-c- ns Ayw Ftm kw`-hn-p-sav
Fs\ Adnbpw? B kabw `K-h-XvNn Dm- ImsX ap
k-ev]- BWp-m-Ip--sX-n km[m-c-W-t]mse
F]-n-\m-epew tbm\n-I-fn Ae-p-Xn-cn-tb--
Xmbn hcp-p.
kw_w C\n {]mW-hn-j-b-Ia - mb m\-ns
kmwkm-cn-Ihpw ]mc-eu-In-Ih
- p-amb ^es hnh-cn-p-
p.
11. b Ghw hnZzm {]mWw thZ \ lmky {] Pm
lo-btXartXm `hXn XtZj tmIx
GsX-nepw hnZzm C{]-Imcw Cu {]mWs clkyw
a\- n- em- p- Ibpw {]mWs al-Xzs {Klnv Fm {]Im-
c--fnepw AXns\ kpc-n-X-amn \ne-\np-Ibpw
AXns\ Hcn-epw Ah-tl-fn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-
pthm Ahs km-\-]-c-c Hcn-epw \in-p-t]m-Ip-
n-. Fp-sIm-s-m Ahs hocyw Atam-Lhpw
Ap-Xhpw in-k---hp-am-Ip-p. Ah AXns
Bym-nI cl-kys {Kln-np Xs Pohn-Xs
km-I-am-n-op-Ibpw Hcp Ww-t]mepw `K-hXv
Nn-I-fm iq\y-am-m-Xn-cn- bpw sNp-p. Fn A\-
- Im-e-t-b v p-ambn Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cpp; AXm-bXv P\-
\-a-c-W-cq-]-am-Ip {]]--n\npw ap-\m-bn-o-cp-
p.
N P
184
12. DXv]-n-am-bXnw m\w hn`pXzw K
ssNh ][m
Aymw ssNh {]mWky hnm-bm-ar-X-
a-i v\ p-tX.
hnm-b m-ar-Xaiv\pX CXn.
D]-cyp hnth-N\ - --f-\p-k-cn-v bmsXmcp a\p-jy
{]mWs D-hs AXm-b Xv CXv Fn\nv
Fs\ Dm- Ipp F cl- kys {Kln-p-pthm
ico-c-n AXns hym]vX n-sb--n-bp m\hpw
{Kln- p- pthm bmsXm- cp- {]mWs nXnsb AXm-
bXv AIpw ]pdpw Fhn-sS-hn-sS-sbmw AXp hkn-
pp Fp cl-kys AXns _mlyhpw B-
cn-Ihpw Bb B[n-`u-Xn-Ihpw Bym-n-I-hp-amb
Ap cl-ky-sf \mbn {Kln-p-pthm Ah Aar-
X- kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-\--ab ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-
p-Ibpw B B\--a-bs kwtbm-K-kp-Js \nc-cw
A\p- `-hn- p-sIm-n-cn-p- Ibpw sNp- p.
NXp {]iv\ w
1. BY ssl\w kucym-bWo KmKyx ]{] `K-
ht Xkvan ]pcptj Im\n kz]n Im\ykvan
RvP m{KXn IXc Gj tZhx kz]v\ m]- i yXn
Issky-X - pJw `hXn Ikv anp kth k{-
Zn-jvTnXm `h-o-Xn.
ChnsS KmKy-ap\n ]n-em-Zt- \mSv Ap-Im-cy-
tNmZn-p-p. 1. KmV-\n-{Zm-k-abw Cu a\p-jy-i-co-c-n
A[n-h-kn-p ap]-d tZh-X-I-fn Bscmw Dd-
pp? 2. Bscmw DWn-cn-pp? 3. kz]v\m-h - -
bn Ch-cn GXp-tZ-hX kz]v\-kw-`-h- Ip-sIm- n-
cn-pp? 4. \n{Zm-h
- -bnse kpJm-\p-`hw Bp-m-
Ipp? 5. Cu Fm tZh-X-Ifpw k-`m-h-tm-Spw-IqSn
Fn nXn-sN-pp? AXm-bXv Bsc B{i-bn-n-cn-
pp? Cs\ KmKy-ap\n Pohm-m- hn-tbpw ]c- am-m-
hn-tbpw ]q-amb XXz- tNmZn-n-cn-p-p.
2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN bYm KmKy aco-Ntbm
kymkvXw KXx khm GX-kvanw-kvtXtPm
aWvUe GIo-`-h-n. Xmx ]p\x ]p\-cp-Z-bXx {]N-
cty hw l ssh Xhw ]tc tZth a\tky-
Io-`-h-Xn. tX\ Xtlyj ]pcptjm \ irtWmXn
\ ]iyXn \ Pn{LXn \ ck-btX \ kv]ritX
\m`n-h -ZtX \mZt \m\- -b tX \ hnkr-P tX
t\bm-btX kz]n-Xo-Xym-N- -tX.
Cu a{- n ]n- em-Z-a-ljn KmKys BZy-{]-iv\-
n\v C{]- Imcw adp- ]Sn ]dp ""KmKym, kqcy AkvX-
an- p-tm B kabw Fm `mKfn-tebvpw hym]n-

I p-In-S-n-cp {]Imi Inc-W- F{]-Imcw B {]Im-i-
]p-RPv -n ebnv Hm-bn-o-cp-pthm XnIpw AtX
coXn-bns KmV-\n-{Zm-k-a-bv \ns tNmZy-{]-Im-c-
ap Fm tZh-X-I-fpw, Fm C{n-b - -fpw, Ah-bnse
k-t{i-jvT-amb h\-cq-]-tZ-h-Xbpw AXn hneo-\-ambn
X{Zq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m B kabw Cu Pohm-
mhv {ihn-p-n-, ImWp-n-, {LmWn-p-n-, kzZn-
p-n-, izkn-p-n-, kv]in-p-n-, kwkm-cn-p-n- `m-h- n Fn-p--Xn-\p Npa-Xe kmam-\y-hm-bp-hn-
, {Kln-p-n-, Nen-p-n-. ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w \S-
p-n-, ssaYp-\-kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-n-. AXm-bXv B
kabw ]n-{n-b--fp-tSbpw {]h-\- kYm
\ne-n-cn-pw. Cu kabw Cu ]pcp-j am{Xw Dd-pp
Fp km[m-cW Bfp-I ]d- bp-p. kqtcym- Z-b- n Inc-
W- hopw Fm `mKfn-tebvpw hym]n-p--Xp-
t]mse Xs Ah DWp-I-gn-m ]noSv Fm
C{n-b - fpw a\-n\npw ths]v AXm-Xp-I-fpsS
I--fn hym]r-X- cm-bn-o-cp-p.
kw_w C\n KmKys {]iv\-n\p kwt- ]-ambn
D-cw- sIm- Sp- nv cp a{- hgn Fm C{n- b-fpw
ebn-p--Xn-\p-ta a\-ns nXn Fm-bn-o-cpp
Fp hnh-cn-p-p.
3. {]mWm-b Gssh-X-kvan]ptc Pm{K-Xn. Kml-
]tXym l hm Gtjm]mt\m hymt\m\zmlmcy
]Nt\m bZv Kml-]-XymXv {]Wo-btX {]W-b-\ m-
Zml h\obx {]mW.
B kabw Cu a\p- jy-i-co- c-am-Ip \K- c-n Ap-
{]m-W-c q-] - -fmb An-I DWn-c n- p- p. CXv
KmKys cm-as {]iv\-ns kwt- ]-amb D-
c-am-W.v ChnsS \n{Zbvp b-cq]w \Ip--Xn\v ]-
{]m-W -sf An cq]-n hnti-j n- n- n-c n- p- p.
b-n Anbvv {]m[m\yw Iev]n-n-cn-pp; AXn-
\m ChnsS kwt- ]- ambn {]mW-am-{Xsb An- bpsS \ma-
n ]d-bp-p. Fm aptmv Cu b-ns cq]-
I- n GXp {]mW-hr- nsb GXns m\-n hn`m-
h\w sN-W-sa--Xns\ kv]jvS-am-p-p. ico-c - n
bmsXmv {]mWs A]m- \- hr- n- bm- Ip-p-thm, CXp- Xs
B b-ns ""Kml-]-Xymn Fp tXmp-p.
hym\ Zn- Wm-n-bm-Ip-p. Kml-]-Xym-n-cq-]-amb
A]m-\-\n\npw {]mW DW-cp-p. Cu Imc-W-m
apJy-{]m-WXs Cu b-ns Iev]-\-bn Bl-
h-\o-bm-n-bm-Ip--Xv. Fp-sIm-s- m b-n
Bl-h-\o-bmn Kmly-]-Xy-n\npw Dbn-sm-
p-hc - p-p. BZys aqmw {]iv\-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-
nepw {]mWs A-cq-]m-lpXn AXn lh\w sN-
s-Sp-p, Cu hypev]-n-h-gn-bmbn Bl-h-\o-bm-n-Xs
Fp ]d-bp-p.
4. bZp-zm-k\n-zm-km-th-Xm-hm-lp-XoXn kaw \bXo
kk-am-\. at\m lhmJ bP-am-\x. CjvS-^-et- a-thm-
Zm-\x. k G\w bPm-\-a-l-cl - {_ Ka-b-Xn,
N P
185
bmsXmv apJy-{]m- Ws izmtkm-zm- k-cq-]-n ico- K
c-n\p shfn-bn t]mhp-Ibpw Dn-tebvp aS-n-h-cp-
Ipbpw sNp-pthm AXp-Xs Cu b-n Blp-
Xn-bmbn hogp-p. Cu Blp-Xn-I hgn bmsXmcp t]mj-
I-X-Xz- ico-c - n- tebvp {]th-in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
pthm Ah Xs tlma-{Z-hy- am-Ip-p. B tlma- {Z- hys
ico-c-ns Fm `mK--fnepw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw ka-
t-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m AXns\ kam-\-hmbp Fp ]d-bp-
p. AXp-Xs Cu cq]-I - n "tlmXm' lh\w \S-
p EXznv BIp-p. An-cq-]-\m-bn-cp-npw Blp-
Xn-I Fn-p IrXyw \n-ln-p--Xn-\m CXns\
"tlmXm' shp hnfn-p- p. BZyw ]d- b-s a\p Xs
bP-am-\\pw DZm-\-hm-bp-Xs B bP-am-\s A`o-jvS-^-
ehpw BIpp; Fp-sIm-s-m, F{]-Imcw tlmaw
\S-p bP-am-\s\ AXns A`o-jSv -^ew Xn-te-m-
Ijnv I-^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\p Im-\p-kr-X-
ambn kzmZn temI--fn-tebvp sImp-t]m-Ip-pthm
AtX-{]-Imcw Xs Cu DZm-\-hmbp a\-ns\ Znh-kw-
tXmdpw \n{Zm-ka
- -bv AXns I^e-ns t`mK
kzcq- ]-amb {_-tem-I-n ]c-am-m-hns \nhm- k-m-
\-cq-]a
- mb lrZb Kpl-bn-te-bp Iqn-smp t]mIp-
p. AhnsS Cu a\-p-hgn Pohm-mhpw \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb
hn{i- a-kpJw A\p-`-hn-pp; Fs-m Pohm-m-hns
\nhm-km-\hpw AXp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. ChnsS "{_ Ka-
bXn' F-Xp-sImv \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb kpJw {_-{]m]vXn
sImp-m- Ip kpJ-ns bmsXm-cw-i-nepw Xpe\w
sNp-hm Ign-bp-sap a\-n-em--cp-Xv. Fp-sIm-s-
m CXm-Is Xma-k-kp-J-am-Wv. Fm ]c-{_-] - -c-
ta-iz-cs {]m]vXn-sIm-p-m-Ip kpJw aqp KpW-
pw AXo-X-am-Ip-p.
kw_w C\n aqm-as {]iv\-ns D-cw.
5. Ass{Xj tZhx kz]vt\ aln-am-\-a-\p-`h - -Xn. bZv
ZrjvSw ZrjvS-a-\p-]-iyXn {ipXw {ipX-ta-hm-a-
\p-ir-tWm-Xn. tZi-Zn-K--ssc {]Xy-\p-`qXw ]p\x
]p\x {]Xy-\ p-` -hXn ZrjvSw NmZrjvSw N {ipXw
Nm{ipXw Nm\p-`qXw Nm\-\ p-` qXw N km-k
kw ]iyXn kx ]iy-Xn.
GXp tZhX kz]v\s hon-p-sIm-n-cn-pp
Fp KmKy-ap-\n-bpsS aqm-as tNmZy-n\v ]n-
em-Z C{]-Imcw adp-]Sn ]d-p.
Cu kz]v\ m-h--bn Pohm- m-hp-X s a\pw
kqvta-{n-b-fpw hgn Xs hn`q-XnIsf A\p-`-hn-p-
p. CXn\p ap]v Anp IXpw tIXpw A\p-`h - n-
Xpsamw Xs kz]v\-n IqsS-qsS ImWp-Ibpw
tIp-Ibpw A\p-`h - n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
Pm{K-Z-h--bn Ah F{]-Imcw GXp coXn-bn GXp
ev GXp-kw-`-hs ImWp-Itbm tIp-Itbm
 186

I A\p-`-hn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-ptm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs N hmIvN hhyw N lkvXu NmZm-Xhyw tNm]- K

AXp kz]v\-nepw A\p-`-hn-Ww Fp \nb-a-sam-p- -m-\-b - n-Xhyw N Nbq hnk-bn-Xhyw
an-. Fnepw kz]v\-n Pm{K-Z-h- -bnse GsX-nepw N ]mZu N Khyw N a\-a - -hyw N _pn
kw`-h-ns GsXnepw Awiw at-sXnepw kw`-h- t_mhyw Nml-m-c-mlw Ihyw N Nnw
ns Awi-hp-am-bn-tv Hcp ]pXnb cq]-n A\p- N tNX-bn-Xhyw N tXP hntZym-X-b n-X hyw N
`-h-s-Sp-p. AXn-\m kz]v\-Im-e-n IXpw ImWm- {]mW hn[m-c-bn-Xhyw N.
Xpw ImWp-p. tIXpw tIm-Xpw tIpp,
qe-kqva ] alm-`q-X-, ]n-{n-b-fpw
A\p-`-hn-Xpw A\p`hn-m-Xpw A\p-`-hn-pp Fp
Ah-bpsS hnj-b--fpw, \mep {]Im-c-n-ep Ax-I-c-
]d-b-s-Sp-p. DXpw Cm--Xp-amb hkvXp--sfbpw
W-fpw Ah-bpsS hnj-b-fpw AXp-t]mse Ap-X-c-
kz]v\-n Zin-p-p. C{]-Imcw kz]v\-n hnNn-
ns {]mW-hm-bp Ch-sbmw ]c-am-m-hns\
{X- co-Xn-bn kw`-h-sf IqsS-qsS A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-
B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p. qe-amb ]rYznbpw AXns Imc-
cn-p-Ibpw kzbw Xs Fm-am-bnv ImWp-Ibpw sNp-
W-amb K-hpw, qe-P-e-X- Xzhpw AXns Imc-W-amb
p. B kabw Pohm-m-hns\ IqSmsX asm-p-ap-m-bn-
ck-am-{X-bpw, qe-tX- P-kX
v - Xzhpw AXns Imc-W-amb
cn-p-n- .
cq]-hpw, qe-hmbp XXzhpw AXns Imc-W -amb
6. k bZm tXP-k m-`n-`qtXm `h-X y-ss{Xj tZhx kv]i-\-hpw, qem-Im- ihpw AXns Imc-W-amb i_vZ-
k z] v\ m ] i y- X yY X s s Z- X - k van i c oc hpw, C{]-Imcw X-fpsS Imc-W-k-ln-X-amb ]-`q-X--
GXpJw `h-Xn. fpw, t\t{X-{n-bhpw AXp-hg- n-bmbn ImW-s-Sp hkvXp-
-fpw, t{imt{X-{n-bhpw AXp-hgn Bkz-Zn--s-Sp
KmKy-ap\n \mem-as tNmZyw C{]-Imcw tNmZn-p-
]pfnpw a[p-chpw Bb Fm ck--fpw, XzKn-{n-bhpw
p. ""\n{Z-bn kpJns A\p-`hw Bp- m-Ipp?''
AXp-hgn kv]in--s-Sp Fm ]Zm--fpw, hmKn-
AXn\p ]n-em-Z adp]Sn ]d-bpp \n{Zm-k-a-bv Cu
{n-bhpw AXp-h-gn-bmbn D-cn--s-Sp Fm i_vZ-hpw,
a\v DZm-\-hm-bp-hn--[o-\-ambn `hn-p-tm AXm-b-Xv.
cp-I-c-fpw AXp-hgn ]nSn--s-Sp Fm hkvXp--
DZm-\-hmbp Cu a\-ns\ Pohm-m-hns hmk-m- \-amb
fpw, cp-]m-Z-fpw AXns {]m]y- m-\--fpw. Kp]vtX-
lrZ-b-n Fnv taml-hn-h-i-am-p-tm, B \n{Zm-
{n-b-fpw ssaYp-\-kp-J-hpw, KptZ-{n-bhpw AXp-hgn
h--bn Pohm-mhv a\p hgn-bm-bp kz]v\-kw-
hnkn--s-Sp ae-hpw, a\pw AXp-hgn a\\w
`hsf ImWp-n- . B kabw \n{Zm-P-\n-X-amb kpJm-
sN-s-Sp Fm hkvXp--fpw, _pnbpw AXp-hgn
\p-`hw Pohm-m-hn\p Xs Dm-Ip-p. Cu ico-c-n
{Kln--s- Sp Fm km[- \--fpw, Al-m- chpw AXns
kpJ-Zpx-J-sf A\p-`h - n-p-Xv {]tXy-Im-h
- -bn
hnjbfpw, Nnhpw AXp-hgn Nn--s-Sp Fm
{]Ir-Xn--]p-cp-j Pohm-m-hp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.
kwK-Xn-I-fpw, {]`m-hhpw AXn \np {]`m-hn-X-am-Ip
7. k bYm tkmay hbmwkn hmtkm-hrw kw hkv X pfpw Cs\ ]- h r- n- I - t fmSp IqSnb
{]Xn-jvTt Ghw l ssh XXv khw ]c B- {]mW\pw AXp-hg- n-bmb Poh ]Ip hln--sp
\n-k w-{]-X n- jvT -t X. sImn-cn-p Fm ico-c-fpw Fmw CXns Imc-W-
KmKy-ap-\n-bpsS Am-as tNmZyw ""Cu a\-v, `q-X-\mb ]c-ta-iz-s\-s B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.
_pn, C{n-b-, {]mW Fmw Fn nXn-sN- 9. Gj ln {ZjvSm kv{]jvSm t{imXm {LmXm ck-
pp? Bsc B{i-bn-n-cn-p-p.'' AXn\v C{]-Imcw bnXm am t_mm Im hn m- \ mm
aljn adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. ]pcpjx k]tc c B\n kw{]-Xn-jvT-tX.
{]nb-s KmKy, BIm-i-n ]dp k-cn-p ImWp- Xpw kv ] in- p- Xpw {ihn- p- Xpw
]n-K-W- kmbw- Imew aSn X-fpsS \nhm-k- m- LvdmWn-p-Xpw a\\w sNp-Xpw {Kln-p--Xp-amb
\p kpJ-ambn tNt-dp--Xp-t]m-s e, ]rYzn-ap-X Fm kqt-{n-b - -fpw, a\v hgn-bmbn kakvX
{]mWh-sc-bp XXz--f-{Xbpw ]c-{_-] - p-cp-tjm--a- I-fpw sNp hnm-\-kz-cq-]-]p-cp-j Pohm-
\n AJn-e-n-tbpw Bm- hm- bn- p- - Xn B{ibw mhv BIp-p. Cu ]ca Ahn-\m-inbpw AJn-e-n-
tXSp-p. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch-sb-m-ntbpw GI- tbpw Bm-hp-a mb ]c-{_-p-]p-cp-tjm--a Xs
amb B{ibw Atlw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Fm-nepw nXn-sN-p-p. At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn-
8. ]rYnho N ]rYn-ho-am{Xm Nm]-m-t]m-am{Xm N t\m-Sp-IqSn hmkvX- hn-I-amb imn e`n-pp; AXn-\m
tXP tXtPm-am{Xm N hmbp hmbp am{Xm CXn-sbpw ]c-a-amb B{ibw B ]c-ta-iz-c Xs-bm-
NmIm-i- m-Im-i-am{Xm N Np {ZjvShyw N Ip-p.
t{im{Xw N t{imXhyw N LvdmWw N LvdmXhyw 10. ]c-ta-hm-cw {]Xn-]-ZytX ktbm l sshX-Z-
N ck ck-bnXhyw N XzIvN kv]i-bn-Xhyw m- b -a -i - c o- c - a -t em- l nXw ip{`-a - cw thZ- b tX
N P
 187

I bkvXp tkmay. k kx ktm `h-Xn. BIpp; A]-c-{_--am-Ip-p. Cu Htc HmwIm-c-ns K

XtZj tmIx. P]w, kvac-Ww, Nn\w Ch-s Imp am{Xw X-fpsS A`o-
jvS-kn-nsb B{K-ln-p hnm-\-k---m-cmb a\p-
bmsXm-cp- Ombm-c-ln-X \pw Nphpw abpw
jy At-ls {]m]n-p-p. AXm-bXv bmsXmcp
Bbp Fm h--fn \npw cln-X\pw Bb hnip-
]c-ta-iz-cs hncmSv kzcq-]-s, Cu PK-ns sFiz-
\pw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb ]c-ta-iz- cs\ Adn-bp- pthm;
cy-a-b-amb GsX-nepw AwKs {]m]n-p--Xn-\p C-
Ah B ]c-am-c ]c-a-m-hn-s\-s {]m]n-p-p.
tbm-Sp-IqSn HmwIm- c-s, D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kzw
CXn Aev] w-t]mepw kwi-b - n-\ -h-I m-i -an- . tl
`mh-\-bv-\p-k-c-W-ambn hncmSv kzcq-]-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs
tkmay, bmsXm-cp- C-s\-bm-Ip-pthm AXm-bXv
GsX-nepw AwKs {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. bmsXm-
Bsc-nepw B ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-p-pthm
cp- CXns A- cym-anbpw Bm-hp-amb ]q-{_
Ah k- \pw k-c q-]\pw Bbn-o-cp-p.
]pcp-tjm--as\ {]m]n-pXn\p \njvm-a-`m-ht- m-Sp-
ASp a{w Cu hnj-bs kw_-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.
IqSn D]m-k\ \S-p-pthm Ah ]c-{_ ]pcp-tjm-
11. hnm-\mm kl tZssh kssx -as\ {]m]n-p-p.
{]mWm `qXm\n kw{]-Xn-jvTn b{X. 3. k btZy-I-am-{X-`n-[ym-boX k tXss\h kwth-
XZ-cw thZ-btX bkvXp tkmay Zn-Zn-X-kvXq-tah PK-Xym-a-`n-kw-]-Zy-tX, XartNm
k k---ta-hm-hn-th-ti-X n. a\p-jy-tem-I-ap-]-\b
- t k X{X X]km {_-N-
tcyW {ibm ktm aln-am-\-a-\p-`h - -Xn.
AJn- e
- n-tbpw ]c-a-Im- c-W-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n
kakvX {]mW\pw ]-a-lm-`q-X-fpw kakvtX{nb-- HmwIm-c-s-n Nnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p a\p-jy
tfmSpw Ax-I-c-W--tfmSpw IqSnb Pohm-mhpw Fmw hncmSv ]c-ta-iz-cs `qx, `phx, kzx Cu aqp-cq-] - -
B{ibw {]m]n-p-p. B ]c-am--c-amb Ahn-\m-in-]-c- fn\npw `qtem-I-ns sFiz-cy- n Bk- -\m-bnv
am-m-hns\ bmsXm-cp- Xncn--dn-bp-pthm Ah AXns {]m]vXn- mbn HmwIm-cs D]m- kn-pp Fn
k--\m-Ip-p, AXp-t]mse k-cq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz- ac-Wm-\- cw Ah Xs {]m]- Wo- b-amb sFizcy-m
c-\n {]hn-jvS-\m-bn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu NXp- t{]cn-X-\mbn Xmew `qtem-I - n hp-tN-cp-p.
{]iv\w kam-]n-n-cn-p-p. HmwIm-c-ns BZy-am{X EtKz-Z-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXn\p
`qtem-Ih - p-ambn _-ap-v. AXn-\m AXns Nn-
IsImp km[-I\v EtKz-Z-a-{- hopw a\p-jy-i-
]-a -{ ]iv \w co-c- n {]th-in-n-p-hm Ign-bp-p. Ah B ]pXnb
a\p-jy-P--n X]w, {_-N-cyw, `n-k---amb D-
1. AY ssl\w ssi_yx kXy-Imax ]{]-.
am-Nm-c- W- Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb t{ijvT-a- \p-jy-\mbn Ap-
k tbm l ssh XZv`-K-h--\p-tjyjp {]mb-Wm X- I-c-amb sFizcy-sf A\p- `-hn-p-p. Ah\p \oN-tbm-
tamm-c-a-`n-[ym-bo-X. XIaw hmh k tX\ temIw \n-I-fn Ae-tbXmbn hcp-n-. Ah ac-Wm-\-cw
Pb-X o-X n. a\p-jy-\mbn hopw ip`-I- A\p-jvTn-p--Xn
Cu a{-n HmwIm-c-ns D]m-k-\sb kw_- ka-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw AhnsS \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep
nv kXy-Im-a tNmZyw sNp-p. bmsXmcp a\p-jy kpJ-sf A\p-`h - n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
BPo-h- \mw HmwIm-cs icn-bmb coXn- bn D]m- kn-p- 4 . AY bZn Zznam- t {X W a\ k n kw ] - Z ytX
Ibpw Ah\v B D]m-k-\-hgn GXp temIhpw {]m]n-p- tkmcnw bPp`n-cp-o-btX tkma-tem-Iw. k
hm Ign-bp-Ibpw Ah\v Fp ^ew-In-p-Ibpw sNp- tkma-temtI hn`q-Xn-a-\p-`qb ]p\-cm-h-tX.
sa- p--Xn Ah Pnm-kp-hm-bn-cn-pw.
km[-I HmwIm- c- ns cp-am-{X- Isf D]m- kn- pp;
2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN GXssZz kXy-Ima ]cw AXm-bXv B hncmSv kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs AwK-`q-X-
N Nm]cw {_ btZm- m-c x. Xkva m-Zzn-Zzm-t\tX amb `qx (a-\p-jy-tem-Iw) `phx (kz-tem-Iw) Ch cn-
ss\hm-b- Xt- \-ss\-I-Xc at\z-Xn. tbpw sFiz-cy-n Bk- n-tbm-Sp-IqSn AXn-s \-
CXns D-c-ambn aljn ]n-em-Z ""Hmw'' F s ey-amn Hmm-cs D]m-kn-ppshn
A-cs AXns ey-`q-X- amb ]pcp-tjm--a-t\m-Sp- Ah at\m-a-b- amb N{-tem-Is {]m]n-pp; Ahs\
IqSn GIo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d-bpp kXy-Im-a, Cu ""Hmw'' bPpth-Z-ns a{w A-co-- n apI`m-Kp
D-sm, AXv Xs ey- `q- X- amb ]c- {_ ]c- ta-iz-c-\n N{-tem-I-n Fn-p-p. B hn\m-i-kz-cq-]-tm-Sp-
\npw `n-am-Ip-n-. AXn-\m CXp-Xs ]c-{_-hpw Iq-Snb kz-tem-I-n \m\m {]Im-c--fn-ep sFiz-
B ]c-{_- - n\npw {]I-S-am-Ip hncmSvUv cq]hpw cy-sf D]-t`mKw sNbvXn-v, Xs D]m-k-\-bpsS ]pWyw

N P
 188

I bn-p-Xo-cp-tm hopw arXyp-tem-I-n-te-bv p-Xs N-{I-n\npw tamNn--s-bp-n-. CXns Hcw-K-amb K

hp-tN-cp-p. ChnsS Ah\p Xs ]q-Im-\p-kr-X- ]rYn-tem-It- sbm AYhm A-co--t-bptam As-
ambn a\p- j y-i -c o-c tam AYhm AXnepw \oN-a mb n aq-tem-I-- fps ka-kvX- P-K- n- t-bpt\m A`n-
tbm\ntbm e`n-p-p. em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn bmsXm-cp- D]m-k\ \S-p-pthm
bmsXm-cp-s eyw Cu PK-ns B-kz-cq-]-amb
5. bx ]p\-tcXw {Xnam-t{X-tWm-an-tXy-tX-ss\-hm--
]c-ta-iz-c-\n-tebvvmXncn-p-p-thm, adnv bmsXm-cp-cp-
tcW ]cw ]pcp-j-a-`n-[ym-boX k tXPkn kqtcy
PK-ns _mly-cq-]-n \m{Xw Bk--\m-bn-
k. bYm ]mtZm-Z-c-kvXzNm hn\nap-NyX Ghw
o-cp-pthm Ah At-ls {]]n-p-n-. AXp-Im-
l ssh k ]m]va\m hn\napx k kma-`n-cp-o-
caw IqsS-qsS P\n-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm
btX {_ temIw k GX-kvam-o-h-L-\mXv ]cm-
n- cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp- Xsc ico- c-ns Dnepw
Xv]cw ]pcn-ibw ]pcp-j-ao-tX XtZXu tmIu
]pdpw a[y-`m-Kpw At-ls {]m]n-p--Xn-\p
`hXx.
A`n-em-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Hmmcs P]n-p-Ibpw kvacn-p-
Cu a{- n "]p\x' i_vZ-{]-tbm-K-n \npw Cu Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B km[-I am{Xw
Hcp- Imcyw kqNn-n-n-cn- pp D]- cyp--amb IY\w A\p- PvRm\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ ]ns Hcn-epw Xs
k- cnv Cu temI-n-tbpw kz-tem- I-n-tbpw sFiz- Ah-- bn\npw hyXn-N-en-p-n-.
cys A`n-e-jn-p-sImv B ]c-{_-s ey-amn
7. EKv`n-tcXw bPq`n-c--cnw
HmwIm-cs D]m-kn-p km[-I - m-cn Akm-[m-cW
km[-I s\ ChnsS hn- n-c n- p- p. D]m-k-\ -b psS kma-`nbXv XXvI-htbm th-Z-bt
ktm- - a- amb coXn CXp- X- s-bm- Ipp Cu `mhw {]I- Xtam-m-tc-ssW-hm-b-X-t\-\m-t\zXn hnZzm
Sn-n-p--Xn\v Cu a{- n "Fn' F ]Zw {]tbm- b-NvOm--a-Pc aar-X-a-`bw ]cw tNXn.
Kn--s-Sp-n-. Fp-sIm-s- m CXn bmsXmcp hnI-
ev]h - p-an-. HmwImcw B ]c-{_--ns \ma-am-Ipp; Hcw-K-s- am{Xw ey-amn D]m-k\ \S-p km[-
AXp- hgn ]c-{_--]-c- ta-iz-c D]m-kn--s-Spp Fv Cu Is\ EtKz-Z-nse a- d- a\p- jy-tem-I-n sImp-
a{-n kv]jvS-am-bp-]-tZ-in- n-cn-p- p. bmsXmcp km[- h- m- p-p. cp-am-{X-Isf D]m-kn-p--hs\ AXm-bXv
I aqp-am-{X- I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb HmwIm-c-kz-cq-]-amb A-c- PK-ns Ghpw D-X-amb kzo-ssb-iz-cy-sf
Zzmcm ]c-{_--]-c-ta-iz-c s\ D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah ey-amn HmwIm-cs D]m-kn-p--hs\ bPqth-Z-
kw ]S-hp-ambn _w-hnp t]mIp--Xp-t]m-se-Xs nse avd- N{-tem-I-n-tebvp sImp-t]m-Ip-
Fm I- _---fn \npw tamN\w {]m]nv kYm p.-bm-sXm-cp- Ch-bn-semw ]cn-]q\pw Fm-n-
\nhn-Im-c-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs\ kma-th-Z-ns a{w tbpw B-kz-cq- ]- hp- amb ]c- ta- iz- cs HmwIm-c-Zzmcm D]m-
tXtPm-a-ba - -Zb kqcy-a-WvU-e-nqSn sImp-t]mbn k\ \S-p-pthm, Ahs\ kma-th-Z-nse avd-
ktm-]-cn-bmbn {_-tem-I-n Fn- p-p. AhnsS alm-PvRm- \n-I-fm \m{Xw Adn-b-s- Sp {_- tem- I- n
Ah Poh-k-ap-Zm-b-cq-]\pw tNX-\m-X-Xz-m AXyw Fn- p-p. kw]qcl- ky-s- {K-ln-n- p _pn-am-
t{ijvT -\p-am-b-]-c-{ _--]p-cp-tjm--a s\ {]m]n-p-p. \mb a\p-jy _mly-P-K-n Bk--\m-ImsX HmwIm-
Atlw kw]q PK-ns\ Xs in-bpsS Aev]mw- c-ns D]m-k-\-h-gn-bmbn kakvX PK-n-tbpw AXva
iw-sImp hln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw {]]w apgp-h kzcq-]-\mb B ]c-a-im-\pw Fm-{]-Im-c--fn-ep-ap
hm]n- n-c n- p-Ibpw A-cym-a n-c q-] - n AJn-e - n- hnIm-c-fm cln-X\pw BIp-p. Ahn-sS hm-Iyan,
tbpw lrZ-b - -fn hncm-Pn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C\n- ac- W-an-, `b-an-. Ah Aa-c\pw \n`-b\pw AXp-t]mse
bp cp tmI- Cu hnj-bs kv]jvS-am-p- p. {ijvT-\mb ]c-a-]p-cp-tjm--a\pw BIp-p.
6. Xnkvtdm am{Xm avdpXyp-aXyx {]bpm
At\ym-\y-km A\-hn-{]-bp-mx. jjv T -{]iv\w
{Inbmkp _mlym-`ym-c ay-amkp 1. AY ssl\w kptIim `mc-ZzmPx ]{]---`-K-hm,
kayIv {]bp-mkp \ Iw]tX x!! lnc-Wy-\m`x Iukteym cmP-]pt{Xm amap-t]-ssXy-
Xw- {]iv \ a]ypX. tjmU- i - I - e w `mc- Z zmP
Cu ImWp-Xpw tIp-Xpw A\p- `- hn- p-- Xp-amb
]pcpjw th. X-alw Iam-c-a-{_phw \ml-anaw
HmwImc ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-cs PKXv kzcq-]-amb hncmSv
thZ bZy-l-an-aa thZnjw IYw tX \mhm-y-anXn
kzcq-]w. At-l - ns hmkvX-hn-Ihpw ]c-am-hn-\m-in-bp-
kaqtem hm Gj ]cn-iqjyXn tbm\rX-a-`n-h-ZXn
amb cq]ta BIp-n-; CXv ]cn-h-\-kz-`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-
Xkvam- mlm-ay-\rXw hIvXpw. kXpjv Wow cY-
Sn-b-Xm-W.v AXn-\m CXn Pohn-p--h Aa-c-cm-bn-o-
am-cply {]h-{hm-Px Xw Xzm ]rman Izmku-]p-cpj
cp- n-. F{X-am{Xw D-X-m- cm-sW- ntmepw P\-\-a-c-W-
CXn.
N P
 189

I kptIi aljn Xs Aev]-PvR-Xbpw kXy-`m-j-W- bmsXmv Dm-bn-cn-p-tm Fs k kv]jvS-am-Ip- K

ns al-Xzhpw {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-tfm- Ibpw sN---hn[w GsXmcp XXz-amWv AXn \nt-
Sp- Iq-Snb ]pcp-js\ kw_-n tNmZyw tNmZn-p. Atlw ]n-t-- Xv.
]d-p"`K-h', Hcn- tImk-e-cm-Py-nse cmP-Ip-am-
4. k {]mW-a-kvdp-PX {]mWmvdmw Jw hmbp
c lnc-Wy-\m-` Fs ASp- hn-cp-p. Ah
tPymXn-c m]x ]rYn-ho-{nbw at\ma- m-Zzocyw
FtmSp tNmZnp "`c- Zzm- P, ]Xn-\mdp Ie- I-tfmSpw IqSnb
Xt]m-a{mx I temIm temtIjp N \ma N.
]pcp-js\ \n-dn-bmtam?' Rm Abm-tfmSp kv]jvS-
ambn ]dp ""ktlm-Z- c, Rm\Xv Adn-bp-n; Adn-bp- ]c-{_ ]ctaiz-c BZy-ambn AJn-e-nsbpw
am- bn- cp- s- n Xo-bmbpw \n\p Rm\Xp ]dp Xcp- {]mW-cq- ]-amb km lncWy K`s krjvSnp. A\-
am-bn-cp-p. ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v bmsXmcp Imc-W-hp-an- cw ip`-I- sf {]hn-n-p `n BkvXn-
sm? ]dp Xcp--Xn-\p CjvS-an-m-bva-sIm-mWv Iy-_pn sb {]I-S-am-n-bnv {Ia-ambn ico-c-ns D]m-
{]iv\s Rm \ntj-[np If--sXp \n a\- Zm-\-`q-X--fmb BIm-iw, hmbp, tXP-v, Pew, ]vdpYzn
n hnNm-cn--cpXv; Fp- sIm- s- m Rms\m- cn-epw Fo ]-a-lm-`q-X--fp-tSbpw krjvSn \S-n. Cu ]
Ifhp ]d-bp-I-bn-. Ifhp ]d-bphs hwi-hn-tZw alm- `q-X-- fpsS {]h\w Xs- bmWv Cu Zriy- am- \- amb
kw`-hn-p-p. Ah\v Cu temI-ntem ]c-tem-I-ntem kq {_m-WU v w. ]-alm `qX-p-tijw ]c-
bmsXmcp am\y-Xbpw e`n-p-n-. CXp-tIv cmP-Ip-am-c ta-iz-c a\-,v _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw Fo \mep
\n-_vZ-\mbn cY-n Ib-dn, hXp-t]m-se-Xs Xncn- kaq-lc - q-]-amb Ax-Ic - -Ws cNn-p. ]noSv hnj-b-
p-t]m-bn. Ctm A-bn\npw B ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I- -fpsS m\-n\pw {]h-\-n-\pw-thn Ap
tfmSp IqSnb ]pcp-j-X- Xzs Adn-bp--Xn\v Rm B{K- mt\-{n-b--tfbpw XYm Ap It-{n-b--tfbpw
ln-p-p. Zb-hp-sN-bvXv, Ah Fhn-sS-bm-av, Ahs krjvSn-p. AXn-\p-tijw Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c - n-Xn-p-
kzcq]w Fm- W,v Fp Imcy- ]d-p-X-mepw!'' thn A-tbpw AXns ]cn-]mIw hgn-bmbn in-
tbbpw krjvSn-p. AXn\pw tijw Ax- I-c- W-n-tbpw
2. Xkvs sa k tlmhm- N . Cssl- h m- x-i - c otc
C{n-b--fp-tSbpw kwb-a-cq-]-amb X]-ns\ Bhn`-hn-
tkmay k ]pcptjm bkvan-tXmx tjmUi Iemx
n-p. D]m-k-\-bvp-thn `n--fmb a{--tfbpw
{]`-h - o-Xn.
Iev]n-p. Ax-I-c-W-ns kwtbm-K-tm-Sp-IqSn C{n-
]Xn-\m-dp-I-eItfmSp IqSnb ]pcp-js\ ey-am- {X-ambn b- hgn \S- -s-Sp I-sf \nn-p. Ah- bpsS
Ah-X- cn-n-n-cn-p-p. ]n-emZ aljn ]d- p. "{]nb-s hnhn-[--fmb ^e-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSnb temI-sf krjvSn-
kptI-im, GsXmcp ]c-{_ ]c-ta-iz-c-\n \npw ]Xn- p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS Fm-n-tbpw \ma-cq-]--tfbpw
\mdp Iem kaql kq PKZv cq]-am-Ip At-l- cNn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.-C-s\ ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-fm bp-
ns hncmSv icocw D--am-bn-cn-p-pthm B ]ca amb Cu {_m-WvUs krjvSn-nv Pohm-m- hp- k-lnXw
]pcp-j \psS Cu ico-c-ns Dn Xs hncm-Pn- ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw CXn {]th-inp; AXn-\m Atlw
p-s Im-n-cn-p-p. At-ls At\z-j nv A\y{X ]Xn-\mdp IeItfmSp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j Fp hnfn--s-Sp-
t]mtI bmsXm-cm-hi - y-hp-an-. a\p-jys lrZ-b-n p. \psS Cu a\p-jy-i-co-chpw {_m-WvU-ns
]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-X - n-\p Xo{h-amb A`n-emjw Xs Ghpw sNdnb Hcp amXr-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\m ]c-ta-
Pm{K-m-Ip-tm Ah AXns\ Xs lrZ-b - n iz-c F{]-Imcw Cu {_m-WvU-n nXn-sN-p-
Xs Ip-ap-p-p. pthm AtX {]Imcw Xs Atlw \psS Cu ico-c-
nepw nXn-sN-p-p. Cu ico-c - nepw B ]Xn-\mdp
kw_w B ]c-{_ ]pcptjm-as XXzs a\-
Ie-Ifpw \ne\np-p. B lrZ-b--\mb ]c-a-tZ-h-]p-
n-em-p--Xn\v kwt-]a - mbn krjvSn-{I-as hn-
cp-tjm--as\ Adn-bp--Xp-X- s- bmWv B ]Xn-\mdp Ie-
pp
I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-js\ Adn-bp--Xv.
3. k Cu mwN- t {I. Ikv a n- - l - a p- X v { Im
kw_w k-ns Bcw-`s hn-nv ]c-{_-
DXv{Imtm `hn-j yman Ikvanhm {]Xn-j vTntX
- ns eys {Kln- n- p. C\n {]f-b - ns
{]Xn-jvTn-k ym-ao-Xn.
eys hn-pp
alm-k- ns BZn-bn PK- ns cN\ \S-nb
5. k btYam \Zyx ky- am\mx kap-{ Zm- b Wmx
]c-a-]p-cp-j ]c-ta-iz-c Nnnp "Rm GsXmcp
kap{Zw {]m]ymkvXw Kn `ntZytX Xmkmw \ma-
{_m-WvUs cNn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AXn
cqt] kap{Z CtXyhw t{]mNy-tX. Gh-tahm ky
bmsXm-n-m-Xn-cn-p-tm F\nv kzb-ambn AXn
]cn- { Z- j vS p-c namx tjmUi Iemx- ] p- c p- j m- b Wmx
hkn-p-hm Ign-bm--hn[w AXm-bXv Fs k
]pcpjw {]m]ymkvXw Kn `ntZy-tX-Nmkmw \ma-
kv ] jv S -c q- ] - t m- S p-I qSn hy-a m- I m- X n- c n- p- I bpw

N P

I c qt] ] pc pj C tX yhw t{] mN ytX
GtjmItemartXm `hXn XtZj tmI.
hnhn[ \ma--tfmSpw cq]--tfmSpw IqSn \nc-h[n \Zn-
I F{]-Imcw X-fpsS DZvK-a-m-\-amb kap-{Z-n`n-
ap-J-ambn ]mv B kap-{Z-n-sen AXn hneo-\-am-
bn-o-cp-pthm Ahbvp kap-{Z-n \np {]tXy-I-
amb \ma-cq-]- Cm-Xp- pthm Ah kap{Zw Xs Bbn-
o-cp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs k-km-nbpw kI-
e-n-tbpw B-kz-cq-]-hp-amb ]c-am-m-hn\nv D-
hn ]Xn-\mdp IeIfpw (Cu ]q {_m-WU v w) {]f-b-
Im-e- n X-fpsS ]c-am-[m-c- amb ]c-a- ]p-cp-j- \n sNv
AXns hneo-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns Chbvsm
n\pw {]tXy-I-amb \ma-cq-]- tijn-p-n-. GI-am-
{X-\mb ]c-a -]p-cpj ]c-ta-iz-cs kzcq-]- n Ch
XmZmyw {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m At-l-ns \ma-
n, At- l - ns h- \ - b n Ch- b p- t Sbpw
h\w Ds- Sp-p. B kabw ]c-am-m-hn bmsXmcp
Xc-n-ep-ap k-ev] - Ahtijn-p-n-. AXn-
\m Atlw Iem-c-ln-X\pw Aar-X-kz-cq-]\pw BIpp
Fp ]d- b-s-Sp-p. Cu XXz-sf {Kln- p a\p- jy\pw
B ]c- am-m- hns\ {]m]n- nv Iem-c-ln-X\pw Aa-c\pw Bbn
`hn-p-p.
6. Acm Ch cY-\m`u Iem bkvan {]Xn-jvTnXmx
Xw thZyw ]pcpjw thZ bYm am thm arXypx ]cn-
hyYm CXn.
Cu a{-n km-[m-c-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ Adn-bp-
-Xn\p t{]cn- n-p-sImv AXns ^ew P\-\-a-cW cmln-
Xy-am-sWp ]d-bp-p. thZ- `-K- hm a\p-jy-tcmSp ]dp
F{]-Imcw cY-ns N{I-n LSn-n-n-cn- p Fm
IW-m-ep-Ifpw B N{I-ns a[y--amb IS-ns
Dn {]th-in-p- pthm Ah-bpsS Fmw B[mcw ISw-
X- s-bm-Wv. IpS-s-q- SmsX Ah- bvp- dp \nphm
Ign-bp-n-. AtX-{]-Imcw Xs apI-fn-d {]mWmZn
]Xn-\mdp Ie-Ipw bmsXmv B[m-c-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
Cu Fm Ie-Ifpw bmsXm-ns\ B{i-bn-n-cn-p-pthm
bmsXm-n \np--hn-p-Ibpw bmsXm-n hneo-\-am-
Ip-Ibpw sNp-p-thm, Atlw Xs Adn-b-s-Sp-hm
tbmKy-\mb ]c-{_ ]c- ta-iz-c. B km-[m-c-\mb ]c-
am-m-hns\ a\-n {Kln--Ww. At-ls a\-n-
emngn- m \n ac- Ws `b-s-Sp-Ib - n-,
]noSv arXyp-hn\p \nsf P\-\-a-cW kwkm-c-ns-
Spn ZpxJn-n-p-hm km[n-p--X-. \n Fs-t-
bvp-ambn Ac-\m-bn-o-cpw.
Q
N P
190
k 7. Xmtlm-hm-ssN-Xm-h-tZ-hm-l-ta-XXv ]cw {_ K
thZ. \mXx ]c-a-kvXo-Xn.
C{Xbpw D]-tZ-in- - Xn\p tijw aljn ]n- em-Z ]ca
`mKy-hm- m- cmb kptI- imZn Bdp aljn-am- scbpw kwt_m-
[\ sNbvXp-sImv ]dp ""Ejn-amtc!, Cu ]c-{_
]c-ta-iz-cs hnj-b-n Rm C{X am{Xta Adn-bp-p-
q. CXn-\p-]-cn-bmbn ap bmsXm-p-an-. Rm \n-tfmSv
At-l-ns hnj-b - n Fsmw ]d-bW - -am-bn-cp-
pthm AsXmw ]dp Ign-ncnp-p.''
kw_w Ah-km\w IrX-X {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv
kptI-imZn ap\n-KWw aljnsb ]e-hpcp {]Wmaw
sNbvXp-sImp ]d-bpp
8. tX Xa-b-kvXzw ln\x ]nXm tbmkvam Ia-
hn-Zymbmx ]cw ]mcw Xmc-b-koXn \ax ]ca Ejn
t`ym \ax ]c-a-Ej
- n`yx
C{]-Imcw ]n-em-Zm-Nm-cy-\n\npw {_tm-]-tZiw
kzoI-cn-p-sImv Bdp aljn-amcpw At-ls ]qPn-
p-sImv ]dp ""`K-hm-t\, Ap Xs R-fpsS
bYm ]nXm-hm-Ipp; Ap Xs Rsf Cu
kwkmc kmK-c-ns Asc Fn-n-cn-p-p. C-
s\-b p Kpcp-hn-t\-m D]-cn-b mbn thsdmcmv
Fs\ Kpcp-hm-Im Ignbpw? Ap ]c-a-E-jnbpw
m\ kzcq-]-\p- am-Ip-p. Asb R \a-kI v -cn-p-
p. hopw hopw \a-kv-cn-p-p. "Ana hmIy-
ns ]p\-cm-hrn {K-ns kam-]X v nsb kqNn-n-
--Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Ip-p.
imn-] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx {iWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
amm-`n-cy-P{Xmx
ns sc - c - M vss K- k vXp- j vSphmw k kvX- \ q-
`nhytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm
hniz-thZmx
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx kzkvXn
t\m _rl-kvX-]nZ-[m-Xp.
Hmw imnx ! imnx ! imnx !!!
CXns Aw Cu D]-\n-j-ns Bcw-`-n sImSp-
n- p- v.

I K
1 OmtmtKym]\n- j v 3
Hmw Jw
Hman-tXyX Zc apZvKoY ap]m-knX; Hman
Xn lyqZvKm-bXn; Xtkym-]h
- ym-Jym\w
DXvKoYsap ]d- bp "Hmw' Fp A- cs D]m-
kn-- Ww. ""Hmw'' Fp DZvKoXw sNp-p. AXns "B'
A-c-ns D]-hym-Jym\w Bcw-`n-p-p.
D] Gjmw `qXm\mw ]rYnhn ckx ]rYnhym
B t]mck:, A]m-tam-j-[tbm ck,
Huj-[o\mw
]pcp-tjm-ckx ]pcp-jky hm{K-tkm, hmN
E{K-k, ENx kma-ckx kmav\ DZvKotYm ckx
Cu `qX--fpsS ckw ]rYn-hn-bm-Ip-p. ]rYn-hn-bpsS
ckw Ap-If - m-Ip-p. Ap-If
- psS ckw Huj-[n-I-fm-Ip-
p. Huj-[n-I- fpsS ckw ]pcp-j-\m-hp-p. ]pcp-js ckw
hmmIpp. hmns ckw Em-Ip-p. Ens ckw
kma-am-Ip-p. kma-ns ckw DZvKo-Y-am-hp-p.
k Gj ck\mw ck-Xax ]cax
]cm-tym f- tam f bZp-ZvKoY:
GXmtWm DZvKoYw An-s\-bp Fm-a-t-Xmb
Cu HmwImcw At As ck-h pw, ]c- a - h pw,
t{ijvThpw, ]c-am-m-sh-p m\-n\v Al-hp-am-
Ip-p.
IX-am-I-X-aIv IX-aXv IX-aXv kma,
IXax IXa DZvKoY CXn-hn-arw
Ev GXmWv? kmaw GXmWv! DZvKoYw GXmWv Fv
hnain--s-n-p-v.
hmtK-hIv {]mWx ktam-antXy XZc
aZvKoY: XZzm GX-n-Yp-\w, bZzmv
N {]mW-Iv N kma N.
N P
191
"Ev' Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-X-s-bm- Ip- p. "kmaw'
FXv {]mW-\m-Ip-p. DZvKoYw "Hmw' Fp A-c-am-
Wv. hmpw {]mW\pw Epw kmahpw GXmtWm AXv
"anYp\'amIp-p.
XtZXnYp\ tamantXy Xkvan---tc
kwkr-PytX; bZm ssh anYp\u
kam-K-X B]-btXm ssh Xm]
t\ym\yky Imaw.
An-s\-bp Cu anYp\w "Hmw' Fp A-c-
n tNn-cn-p-p. Gtm-gmtWm anYp- \- kwtbm-
Pn-p- Xv Atm Ah ]c-kv]cw Imtam-p- I- cm- bn-o-
cpp FXv {]kn--am-W.v
B]-bnXm l ssh Imam\mw `hXn
b GX-tZhw hnZym-\--c-ap-ZvKo-Ya
- p
]mkvtX
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adnv Cu A-c-am-Ip
DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah Ima-\-Isf ssIh-cn-
m {]m]vX-\m-Ipw.
XZzm GX-Z-\p-m-cw; bnIn
nZ-\p-Pm-\m-tXym-antXy hX-Zml; G
tjm Gh kar-n-Z-\pm; ka
bnXm ssh Imam\mw `h-Xnb GX
tZhw hnZzm-\-c apZvKoY ap]mkvtX
An-s\-bp Cu HmwImcw A\p-m-cq-]-amb
A-c-am-Ip-p. GXmtWm GsX-n-ep-sam-ns\ A\p-h-
Zn-p-Xv AXns\ Hmw Fp-Xs ]d-bp-p. GXmtWm
A\p AXp Xs kar-n-bm- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-h C{]-
Im-c-a-dnv Cu A-c-am-Ip DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p-
pthm Ah Ima--fn ka-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p.

I tXt\bw {Xbo hnZym-h-tX, HmanXym
{im]-b-tXym-anXn iwktXym anXypZv KmbtXy
Xssky-hm--c-kym]-NnssXy alnav\m ctk\
{]Ir-X-amb Hmw F A- cw-sImp Cu {Xbo-hnZy
\S-p-p. Hmw Fv B{im-hWw sNp-p. Hmw Fp
iwkn-p- p. Hmw Fv DZvKm\w sNp-p. AXv Cu A-
c- ns Xs A]-NnXn (]q-P)-b v m-bn-pw, aln-a- sImpw
ckw sImp-am-Ip-p.
tX t\m Zu Ipcp-tXm bssX tZhw
thZ, b \ th-Z, \m\m XphnZym NmhnZym
N; btZh hnZybm ItcmXn {i-tbm-]-\n-j-Zm,
XtZh ho-h-cw `hXn CXn-Jtez Xssky
hm c-tkym-]-hym-Jym\w `hXn
BcmtWm CXns\ C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-Xv Ah-\pw,
Bcv Adn-bp-n-tbm Ah-\pw, cp-t]cpw Cu Acw
sImv Iw sNp-p. Fm hnZy-bpw, Ahn-Zybpw
`n--fm-Ip-p. GXn-s-bmtWm hnZy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw,
{i-tbm-Sp-Iq-S nbpw A[nIw hocy-ap-X
- m-bn-o-cp- p.
Cns\ hn[n-Xv Cu A-c-n-s-Xs D]-hym-Jym-\-
am-Ip-p.
cmw Jw
tZh-kp-cl ssh b{X kwtb-Xnc
D`tb {]mPm-]-Xym-kvX
- t- Zhm DZvKoY
amP{lp c t\s\ \m\m`n `hn-jyma CXn.
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ]p{X-cmb tZh-mcpw Akp-c-m-cpw,
Xn GXp hnj-b - n ]p bpw sNbvXp-thm,
AXn tZh-m CXp sImp Akp-c-msc \app
tXmev]nmw Fp hnNm-cnv DZvKo-Ys Bl-cnp!
tX l \mknIyw {]mW-ar-ZvKoY
ap]mkmw N{Insc;
Xw lm kpcx ]m]vav\m hnhn[p;
kvXkvam-t-
t\m`bw Pn{LXn kpc`n N Zpn N;
]m]va-\m tly j hnx
Ah \mkn-Ib - n-ep {]mW-\mbn, DZvKo-Ys D]m-
kn-p. B {]mWs\ Akp-c-m ]m]w sImp th[n-p.
AXn-\m {]mWs\ ({Lm-Ww) sImv kuc-`y-ap--Xn-
t\bpw Zp--ap- - Xn-t\- bpw, {LmWn- p-p. Fs-m
Cu {]mW ]m]-m th[n--s-p.
AYl hmN apZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xmwlm-kpcx ]m]va\ hnhn[px,
N P
192
Xkvam-tbm `bw hZXn kXyw Nm K
\rXw N; ]m]va\m tljm-hn-m,
AYl N{ip-cp-ZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[p- -
kvXkvam-tt\m `bw ]iyXn Zi-\o-
bwN, ]m]va-\m-tly-X-Zzn-w.
AYl t{im{X-ap-ZvKoY a]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[p
Xkvam-tt\m `bw irtWmXn
{ih-Wobw N ]m]vat\m tlyX Zznw.
AYl a\ DZvKoY ap]mkmw N{Iotc;
Xm-kpcx ]m]va\m hnhn[px
Xkvam-tt\m `bw k-ev]-btX
k-ev]-\obw Nm k-ev]-\obw
N; ]m]va\m tlyX-Zzn-w.
A\-cw hmmbn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-v, hmns\
Akp- c-m ]m]w- sImv th[np! Am- c- W-m hmp-
]-tbm-Knv kXy-tbpw Ak-Xy-tbpw temI ]d-
bpp! Fs- m CXv ]m]-m hn-bm-Ip-p.
A\-cw Np-mb DZvKo-Ys D]m-knv Np-
ns\ Akp-c-m ]m]w-sImp th[n-p. AXn-\m
Np-p-sImv ImWm sImm-hp--Xn-t\-bpw, Im
Wm sImm- -Xn- t\bpw temIw ImWp- p. Fs- m
Npv ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
A\- cw t{im{X-ambn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p. AXns\
Akp-c- -\m ]m]w sImv th[n-p. AXn-\m t{im{Xw
sImv tIm sImm-hp--Xn-t\-bpw, tIm
sIm- cp-Xm- - Xn- t\-bpw, temIw tIpp. Fs- m
t{im{Xw ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
A\-cw a\-mbn DZvKoYs D]m-kn-p. a\-ns\
Akp-c-m ]m]w-sImv th[n-p. AXn-\m a\-p-
sImp k-ev]n-m sImm-hp--Xn-t\bpw k-ev]n-
m sIm-cp-Xm--Xn-t\bpw temIw k-ev]n-p-p.
Fs-m a\v ]m]-m th[n--s-n-cn-p-p.
apJy-{]m-W D]m-ky-\m-sWv ImWn-p--Xn-\m-bn,
AXns hnip-Xzw t_my-s-Sp-p-hm-\m-bn, {ipXn Cu
hnNm-cW Bcw-`n-p. AXp-sImv Npv apX-emb tZh-
X-Isf {ItaW hnNm-cW sNbvXv ]m]-m hn-I-fm-
Wv Iv Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
""AY-l-hw, Npxt{im{Xw, a\x'' CXymZn ap--sXmw
ap]p ]d--Xn-t\mSp Xpey-am-Ipp. ChnsS ]d-n-n-
m Xzv, ck\ apX- emb tZh- X-Ifpw CXp- t]mse Xs-
 193

I bm-Ip-p. CXn-\-\p-Iq-ea- mbn ""Gh-ap-J-teXm tZh Xmx tX\ Xwl _rl-kv]-Xn-cp-ZvKoY ap]m-kmw-Nt{I; K
]m]va`nx'' Fp _rl-Zm-c-WyI {ipXn-bp-ap-v. GXap Gh _rl-kv]Xn a\yt hmKvLn
AY-lb Ghmbw apJyx {]mW-kvX _rl-Xo, Xky Gj-]Xnx
arKvZo-Ya
- p-]mkmw N{Intc; Xwlm-kpc tX\ Xw lm ff bmky DZvKo-Y-ap-]m-kmw Nt{I;
EXzm hnZ[zw kpYm ivam\ amJ-W GXap Gh ff bmkyw a\y
arXzmh [zw tkXx Bkym-Zym-b-tX.

A\-cw Cu apJ- n- ep ""{]mW'' GtXm AXmbn AXp-sImv _rl-k] v Xn B {]mW-\mb DZvKo-Ys

DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-p. Akp-c-m Ahs\ {]m]n-v, B
JW- amb Bivas {]m]nv \in-p- -Xp- t]mse \in- p. cn-p-p. _rlXn Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmm-Ip-p. B
Ghw bYm f iva\-am-J-W-arXzm hn[zw kX
Ghw sslh khn[zw ktX b Ghw hnZn
]m]w Ima-btX bss \a`n Zmk-Xn-k
Gtjm f ivamJWx
C{]-Im- c- a- dn-bp- - h- \n, Bcv ]m]s Iman- p-pthm
Ah Cs\ BJ-- amb Aivas (in- e- sb) {]m]nv
F{]-Im-c-amtWm \in-p--Xv, A{]-Imcw Xs \in-
pp! {]mW-hn-ns\ Bcv lnwkn- p-pthm Ah\pw
Cns\ \in- pw. An-s\-b p Cu {]mW-h nv
""Aivam-J-W-am-Ip-p.''
BJWx = Ipgn-m _pn-ap-p
D]m-k n- p. Cu {]m- W - s \- s _rl-kv]-Zn-sbv hnNm-
hmn\v {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ip-p.
tXX\w l _tIm Zmevt`ym hnZmw NImc;
k l ss\an-io-bm\m apZvKXm _`qh;
k l kvssa`yx Imam\m Kmb-Xn.
AXp-sImv B {]mWs\ Z`ys ]p{X-\mb _I
Adn-p. Ah ss\an-im-cW
- y-n-ep-h
- c
- psS DZvK-Xm-
hmbn `hn-p. Ah Ahm-bn, Ima-sf BKm\w
sNbvXp!
BKmXm l ssh Imam\mw `h-Xn,
b GX-tZhw hnZym-\--c-ap-ZvKoY
ap]mkvtX; CXy-[ym-w.

ss\ sshtX-\k - p-c-`n, \Zpn hnPm bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm C{]-Im-c-a-dn-v, Cu Ac-am-

Ip DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn- p- Xv Ah Ima--sf
\mXy-]-l -X-]m-]vam-tlyj t\X-b -Z-iv\ mXn
BKm\w sNp--h-\mbn `hn-p-p. B-hn-j-b-amb
bXv ]n _Xn tXt\ Xcm {]mWm-\-hXn DZvKoXw D]m-k-\-bm-Ip-p.
GXap Ghm-tXm hntm {Iam
Xn, hymZZmtXy hmX CXn.
aqmw Jw
Cu apJy-{]m-W- s\-smv kuc-`y-ap--Xns\ Adn-bp-
n; Zp--ap-- Xn-s\bpw temIw Adn-bp-n- . Fs- AYm[n ssZhXw: b Ghmku X]-Xn,
m Cu apJy-{]m-W ]m]w \on-bh - -\m-Ipp! Ah- Xap-ZvKo-Y-ap-]m-k oX; DZyhm Gj-{]
s\-sImv Fv Bin- p-p-thm, Fv ]m\w sNp-p- Pm`ym DZvKm-bXn; DZyw-kvXtam `ba
thm, AXp-sImv {LmWw apX- em-b, ap {]mWsf cn- ]ln; A]-lm ssh `bky
p-p. Ah-km-\-Im-e-n Cu apJy-{]m-W- s\, apJy-{]m-
Xatkm `hXn b Ghw thZ
W- hr-n-bmb A-]m-\-sf e`n-m--Xp- sIm- p-Xs
{LmWw apX-emb {]mW--fpsS kap-Zmbw icocw hnp- C\n tZh- Xm-hn- j- b- amb DZvKo-tYm-]m- k- \- s-p- dnv ]d-
t]m-hp-p. ac-W-Im-e-n hmbv ]nfpp F-XmWv bp-p. BcmtWm B X]n-p-Xv Ah Xs DZvKo-
AS-bm-fw. Ys D]m- kn- - Ww. Ch DZn-p--h-\m-bn- v, {]P-Ip-
thn DZvKm\w sNp-p. DZnv Xa-n-t\bpw `b-n-
Xw lyvKncm DZvKo-Ym-ap-]mkmw Nt{I;
t\bpw \in-n-p-p. bmsXm- cp-h C{]-Im- c-a-dn-bp- p-thm,
GXap Ghmffv Knckw a\yt f vKm Ah `b-n-tbpw Xa-n-tbpw \mi-I-\mbn `hn-
\mw b{Zkx pp!
B apJy-{]m-W- \mbn DZvKo-Ys Av Kncv D]m-kn- m\- t`- Z-m {]mW- \pw, BZn- Xy\pw thsd- thsd F-
p. Cu apJy-{]m-W-s\-s BvKn-c-ks - av hnNm-cn- t]mse ImW-s- Spp Fnepw Ahv kzcq- ]- t`- Z-a.n-
p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m AwK-fpsS ck-am-Ip-p.
AwK-v {]mW-s\ \ne-bn ck-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-
kam\ D Ghmbw Nm ku tNmjvtWmf
sIm-mWv BvKnc-k-sav ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. bapjvtWmf ku, kzc-C-Xo-aam NtX

N P

I kzc CXn {]Xym-kzc CXy-apw, XkvamZzm
GX ana aapw tNmZvKo-Ya
- p-]m-ko-X.
{]mW-\pw, BZn-Xy\pw KpWw sImv Hcp-t]m- se-bm- W.v
{]mW DjvW-\m- Ip-p. kqcy\pw DjvW- \m-Ip- p. kzc
Fv {]mWs\ ]d-bp-p. kzc Fpw {]Xym-kz-c
Fp BZn-Xys\ ]d-bp-p. AXp-sImv {]mW-\pw, BZn-
Xy-\p-amb Cu DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww.
AY-Jep hym\-ta-thm-ZvKoY ap]m-koX;
bssZz-{]m-WnXn k{]mtWm; bZ-]m-\n
Xntkmf ]m\x AYbx {]mWm-]m-\tbmx
knx khym\x tbmhym\x km hmIv
Xkvam-Z-{]m-W\
- -]m-\ hmN-a`n hyml-c-Xn.
C\n hym\-\mbn DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW\w
sNp-Xv GtXm, AXp {]mW-\m-sWp ]d-bp-p. A]-
am-\n-p-Xv GtXm B hrn hntijw A]m-\-\m-Ip-p.
{]mW-hr- n-b p-tS-b pw, A]m-\-hr-n- bp-tSbpw kn
GXm-tWm, AXv hym\ BIp-p. hym\ GtXm AXp
hmm-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mWn-m-sX-bpw, A]-am-\n-m-
sXbpw hmv D-cn-p-p.
bmhmIv kIv, Xkvam-Z-{]m-W
- \
]m\-\r-Na
- -`n-hym-l-c-Xn, bIv,
Xm-a, Xkvam-Z-{]m-W
- -\-]m-\
kma-Km-bXn bm ak DZvKoY
kvXkvamZ {]mW--\-]m-\-p-ZvKm-b -Xn.
hmv GXmtWm AXmWv Ev. AXn-\m {]mW-hym-
]mcw sNm-sX-bpw, A]m-\-hym-]mcw sNm-sX- bpw, EIv
D-cn-p-p. Ev GXmtWm AXp kma-am-Ip-p. AXn-
\m {]mWn-m-sX-bpw, A]-am-\n-m-sX-bpw, kmas
Km\w sNp-p. kmaw GtXm AXp- Xs DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m {]mWn-m-sXbpw A]m-\n-m-sXbpw DZvKm\w
sNp- p.
AtXm bm\y-\ym\n ho-hn
ImWn bYm-t-\-amtPx
kcWw Zr[-\y-[-\pj Bb-a-\a
{]mW--\-]m\w kvXm\o-I-tcmXn;
GX-ky-tltXm hym\ tathm-ZvKoY
ap]m-k n-X .
AXn-\m Ansb IS-s-Sp-p-I, Hcp m\p
\nv a-cn-tm-Sp-I, Dd-p hnp hen-p-I, XpS-nb
I-, {]mWm-]m\ hrn-I IqSmsX temIw sNp-
p. AXn-\m hym\ Xs-bmb DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn
--Ww.
N P
194
AY-J-eq-ZvKo-Ym--cm-Wyp-] m-k otXm K
ZvKoY CXn; {]mW Gthm-Xv,
{]mtW-\ -lyp-n-j vT-Xn, hmox
hmtNm-l-Knc CXym-N - -tX,
A-sY, Atlo Zwkhw nXw.
C\n DZvKoYw Fp DZvKo-Ym-- c-sf D]m-kn--
Ww. {]mW Xs DX F A-c-am-Ip-p. {]mW-s\-
sImp Fmw Dm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. hmv Knx F
A-c-am-Ip-p. hmp-Is
- f, Kocp-I Fv ]d-bm-dp-v.
Y F A-cs A- ambn ImW-Ww. CsXmw A-
n nXn-sN-p-p.
Zyutc-thm, Z-cow Kox ]rYn-hoYw;
BZnXy Gthm, Zzmbpo, cn-w;
kma-thZ Gthm Zyqth-tZm-Ko,
cytKz-Zw; ZpKvt kvssa, hmKvtZmlw tbm
hmtNm tZmtlmf ]m-\-mtZm `hXn b
GXm-t\yhw hnZzm-\p-Zn-K o-Y m-c-Wyp-]mkvX
DZv-KoY CXn.
tZymhv DXv F A-c-am-Ip-p. B Imcw Ko F
A-c-am- Ip-p. ]rYnhn Y F A-c-am-Ip- p. DXv F
Acw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. hmbp Ko F A-c-am-Ip-p.
An Y F A-c-hp-am-Ip-p. kma-thZw DXv F
A-c-am-Ip-p. bPqthZw Ko F A-c-am-Ip-p.
EtKzZw Y F A-c-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp-h C{]-Im-c-a-
dnv DZvKoY Fp A-c-sf D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah- m-bn- p hmv bmsXm-m-tWm, hmntm tZmlw
B tZmls tZml\w sNp-p. am{X-a-, Ah hfsc
A-ap-h - -\mbpw As B{K-l n-p--h -\mbpw
Xocp- p.
AY-Je- zmiox karn cp]-k-c-Wm-\oXyp
hmko-X, tb \ kmav\m kvtXmjy kym
Xv kmtam-]-[m-th-Xv.
C\n Ima--fpsS karn Fns\ DmIpw? AXn-
s\-n ]d-bp-p. D]-an-t--hsb [ym\n-t--hs
- b,
Fns\ D]m-kn-Ww? GXp {]tXyI kmaw sImv
kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp-pthm B kmas D]-[m-h\w
sN-Ww.
bky-arNn Xmar-Nw, bZmtjbw Xarjow
bmw tZh-Xm-a`n tmjy kymXv Xmw
tZh-X m-ap-] -[ m-th-Xv.
GXp En-em-tWm, B En-t\bpw GXp Ejnsb
kw_- n-mtWm B Ejn-tb-bpw, GXp tZh-Xsb kvXpXn-
p-h m t]mIp- pthm B tZh-X -tbbpw D]-[ m\w
sN-Ww.

I tb\ Okm kvtXmjy kymX-X - bZv hm EN-am]vt\m tXymantXy hmXn
D][m thXv, tb\-kvtXm-ta-\-kvtXmjy
amWx kymw kvtXma-ap-]-[m-thXv
GXp Op- p- sImv kvXpXn- p- hm t]mIp- pthm B
O-ns\ Nnn--Ww. GXp kvtXmaw-sImv kvXpXn-p-
hm t]mIp-pthm B kvtXmas Nnn-bpw thWw.
bmw Znia`n-tmkymw Zni-ap-]-[m-thXv
GXp Znns\ A`n-hym-]nv kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp-
pthm B Znns\ Nnn--Ww.
B-\-a-X D]-krXy kvXphoX Imaw
[ymb {]atmf `ytiml bZwkvssa
k Imax kar-t[yX bImax kvXpho-X.
HSp-hn Xs- s Nnnv Imaw [ym\n-p-sIm-v,
{]amZw hcmsX kvXpXn--Ww. bmsXmcp I-n,
bmsXmcp Ima-tm-Sp-IqSn kvXpXn-p-p-thm, B I-
n, B Imaw AXn-thKw karn {]m]n-pw.
\memw Jw
Hman-tXyX Z-c-ap-ZvKo-Y-ap-]m-knX; HmanXn
lypZvKm-bXn Xtkym] hymJym\w
Hman-tXyX Fp XpSn {]Ir-X-amb A-cs
hopw FSpp ]d-n-cn-p-p. CXv DXvKo-Ym- cw apX-
em-bh
- b
- psS D]m-k-\-n, CSp apSw h-Xp-sIm-
mWv (""Hm anXym-XXv'' CXymZn Hmw J-ns BZn-
bn hymJym-\n-n-p-v.)
tZhm ssh artXym_n-`y-X-kv{Xbnw hnZym..
{]mhn-i; tX Otm-`n-c-m-Z-b; btZ`n
cm-Zbw kvX-kmw O-kvXzw.
tZh-m, amc-I-amb Akp-c- ]m-]s `b-s-p-sIm-v,
{Xbo-hn-ln-X-amb Iw Bcw-`n-p. Ah O-p-sImv
AXns\ ad-p. OmZ\w sNp-Xv bmsXm-mtWm AXv,
O-p-I-fpsS O-m-bn-cn-p Ah--bm-Ip-p.
Xm\p X{X arXypYm ay-ap-ZtI
]cn-]tiy tZhw ]-]-iy-Zr-Nn-kmav\n
bPqjn; tX\p hntzmzm ENx
kmavt\m bPqjx kzc-tah {]mhn-i
B tZh-m-sc, sshZoI Iw Bcp-`n-n-pw, arXyp DZ-
I-n ay-s, GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm ImWp--Xv,
A{]-Imcw Enepw kma-nepw bPq-nepw ImWp-p.
Ah AX-dn-n- v, En\n- pw, kma- n \npw, bPq-
n\npw hymhr--m- cm-bn-v, kzc-sap ]d-bp A-
c-n Xs {]th-in-p.
N P
195
K
kzc-tXyhw
km ssahw bPq-tcj D kztcm btZ-X-c
taX-Z-arX `bw XXv {]hniy tZhm AarXm
A`b A`-h
Ftm Ens\ Aym-b-\w-sImp {]m]n-p-tm,
Atm "Hmw' Fp BZ-c-thmSp IqSn D-c n--Ww.
Cns\ kmas {]m]n-p-tmgpw bPq-ns\ {]m]n-p-
tm-gpw, Cu Acw GXm-tWm, AXv kzc-am-Ipp. CXv
Aar-X- hpw, A`-b-hp-am-Ip-p. CXns\ {]m]nn-v, tZh-m
Aar-X-m-cm-bpw, A`-b-m-cmbpw Xop.
kb GX tZhw hnZzm-\-cw {]Wu
tXyX tZhm-cw kzc-a-ar-Xa- -`bw {]hn-iyXn;
XXv {]hn-iy, bZ-arXm tZh-kvX-Z-artXm `hXn
tZh-m-sc-tm-se, bmsXm-cp-h Cu Acw Aar-X-
sa-pw, A`-b-sa-p-ap KpW-tmSp IqSn Adnv
kvXpXn-p-p-thm, Ah kzchpw Aar-Xhpw A`-b-hp-
amb Cu A- c- ns {]th-in-p-p. CXn {]th-
in-nv tZh-m, GXv Aar-X-Xz-tmSp IqSn-b-h-cmbn `hn-
p-p-thm, AtX Aar-X-Xz-tmSp IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-o-
cp-p.
Amw Jw
{]mWm- ZnXy Zrn- tbmSp IqSnb DZvKo- Y-ns D]m- k\
]d-Xp A\p-h-Znv {]W-h-tbpw DZvKo-Y-tbpw
Hmn AXn {]mW--fp-tSbpw civan-I-fp-tSbpw t`Z-
am-Ip KpW-ap Zrn-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw [mcmfw ]p{X-
m-cp-m-IpI F ^e-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bb A-c-
ns D]m-k\ ]d-bp--Xn-\mbn D-c-{Kw Bcw-`n-
p-p.
AY-Jep b DZvKoYx k {]Whx k DZv
KoY CXyku hm BZnXy DZvKoY Gj
{]Wh HmanXn tlj-kz-c-tXn
GXmtWm DZvKo-Y-sap ]d-bp-Xv AXv {]W-h-am-Ip-
p. AXmtWm {]Whw Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv DZvKo-Y-am-
Ip-p. CXv {]kn--am-Wtm? Cu BZn-Xy DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-
p. Ch {]W-h-am- Ip- p. Fp-sIm-s- m Ch Hmw
Fp-c - n-p-sImp Kan-p-p.
GXap Ghml a`y-Km-kn-jw, Xkvam-a
XztatIm f koXnl Iujo-XInx ]p{Xap
hmN; civaowkvXzw ]m-h--bmZv _lpthm
sshtX `hn-jyo Xy[n ssZhX

I Cu BZn-Xy-cq-]a
- mb DZm-KoYw Xas Rm B`n-ap-
Jy-tmsS Km\w sNp-p. AXn-\m F\n-v, \o Hcp-
h am{Xw Dm-bn-cp-p. \o civan-I-fm t`Z-tmSp IqSn
[ym\n-p-p. \n\v hfsc ]p{X-m Dm-Ipw. CXv AXn-
ssZ-hX
- -amb D]m-k-\-bm-W.v
AYm-[ymw b Ghmbw apJyx {]mWkvX
apZvKoY ap]m-koX; Hman-Xn-tlyj kzc-tXn
C\n A[ym {]mW-Zr-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp DZvKo-tYm-
]m-k-\sb ]d-bp-p. Cu apJ-n-ep {]mW GtXm,
AXmbn Xs DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn--Ww. Cu {]mW
""Hmw'' Fv D-cn-p-sIm-m-Wtm t]mIp--Xv.
GXap Ghm-l-a-`y-Km-knjw Xkvam
a-Xz-tatIm f koXnl Iujn-XInx
]p{X-ap-hmN; {]mWmw kvXzw `qam\
a`n-Km-b-XmZv _lthm sshta `hnjyo-Xn.
Cu {]W-\m- Ip DZm- Ko- Y- s- s Rm A`n-Km\w
sNbvXp. AXn- \m F\nv \o Hcp- h am{Xsa Dp Fv,
Ipjo-X-Is ]p{X-t\mSp Rm ]dp. F\np hfsc
]p{X- m Dm-Is Fp A`n-{]m-b-tmSp IqSn, \o
_lp-Xz-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb DZvKo-Ys {]mW--fmbn A`n-
Km\w sNq.
AY-Je - p, b DZvKoYx k {]Wthmbx {]Whx
k DZvKoY CXn tlmXrj Z\msshm]n
Zpcp-ZvKoX a\p kam-lc Xo Xy\p kam-l-c-XoXn
DZvKoYw GtXm AXv {]W-h-am-Ip-p. {]Whw GtXm
AXv DZvKo- Y-am- Ip- p.- tlm-Xm- hns m\p \nv, sXmb
DZvKoYw Xncp-n, icn-bm-m-sav Xo-bm-W.v
Bdmw Jw
Cbta hnx kma; XtZ XtZ-Xky arNy
[yqUw kma; Xkvam-Zr-Ny-[ypVw kma-Ko-btX;
Cb-ta-h -km- n-c- a-kvX-X-kma
Cu hrYzn Em-Ip-p. An kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-
bp Cu kmaw, Cu hrYn-hn-bm-Ip En, D]-cn-`m-h-
n Ccn-p--Xm-bn, Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. Cu hrYnhn
km F A-c-am-Ip-p. An Aa-bm-Ip-p. hrYn-
hnbpw Anbpw tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.
A-co ahKzmbpx kma; XtZX tZXkym
ar Ny [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko
btX; A-co--tah km hmbp-c-a
kvXXv kma.
N P
196
A-cow Em-Ip-p. hmbp kma-am-Ip-p. An- K
s\-bp Cu kmaw, Cu En A[yp-V-am-Ip-p. AXn-
\m kmaw En A[yp-V-ambn Km\w sN-s-Sp-p.
A-cow ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. A-co-hpw
hmbphpw tNXv kma- am-Ip-p.
Zutc hm-ZnXyx kma; XtZX tZXkym
ar Ny [yqVw kma, Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko-b-tX, Zyutc-hkm ZntXym f
akvXXv kma.
tZymhv Em-Ip-p. AZn-Xy kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-
bp Cu kmaw, Cu Ens tase-bmbn nXn sNp-
p. AXp-sImp kmaw En A[yq-V-ambn Km\w sN-
s-Sp-p. tZymhp ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy
""Ba'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. tZymhpw BZn-Xy\pw IqSn-bXv
kma-am- Ip- p.
\-{Xm-tWy-hIv N{am: kma
XtZ XtZ Xkym ar Ny [yqVw kma
Xkvam ZrNy
[yqVw kma KobtX; \-{Xm-tWy-h-kmN
{am Aa-kvX kma
A[yqV kar-n-bp-, Ib-dp
\-{X- Em-Ip-p. N{ kma-am-Ip-p. An-
s\-bp Cu kmaw, Cu Ens tase-bmbn nXn
sNp-p. AXn-\m kmaw En A[yq-V-ambn Km\w
sN-s-Sp-p. \-{X- ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p.
\-{X- fpw N{\pw IqSn-bXv kma-am-Ip-p.
AYb tZXZm ZnXy-ky-iqw `mx sskh KY
boew ]cx IrjvWw XXv kma; XtZ XtZ
Xkym arNy [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy
[yqVw kma-Ko-btX; AY-btZ sshXZm
ZnXyky ipw `x sskhkm f Yb-oew
]cw IrjvWw XZ akvXXv kma.
AXp-t]mse BZn-Xys ip-amb Zzo]vXn Em-Ip-p.
\oe-ambn Ghpw \mbn ImWp Idpv GtXm AXv
kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp kmaw, Cu En AXyp-
V-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv kmaw En AXyp-V-ambn
Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. C\n BZn-Xys ip-amb Zo]vXn
GXmtWm AXv ""km'' F A-c-am-Ip-p. \oe-ambn
AXn-i-b-I-c-am-bp ""IrjvW-hw'' GtXm AXv ""Aa''
F i_vZ-am-Ip-p. ip-amb Zo]vXnbpw \oe-amb Idppw
tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.
AYb Gtjm f cm-ZntXy lnc-bx
]pcptjm ZriytX lnc-Wyiva {ipln-cWy

I tIi B {]W-JmXv k Gh kphx
Xky-bYm I]ymkw ]p-co-I-tah an-Wo,
Xtkym-ZnXn \ma, k Gj kt`yx ]m]va`y
DZnXx DtZXn l ssh kt`yx ]m]va
t`ymb Ghw thZ
BZn-Xys ay-n, lnc-- b-\m-b, bmsXmcp ]pcp-
js\ ImWp-p-tm, Ah lnc-Wym-iva-{ip-hpw, lnc-Wy-
tI-i- \pw, \hm{Kw apX apgp-h\pw kph-\p-am-Ip-p.
Ahs An-I, I]n-bpsS ]r-ns Xmsg Aw
t]mse-bm-Ip-p. Xma-c-qhv Fn-s\-tbm, An-s\-bm-Ip-
p. Ahs \maw Ds Fm- Ip-p. An- s\-bp Cu
tZh Fm ]m]- - fn \npw Db- h- \m- Ip- p. bmsXm-
cp-h C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Fm hn[ ]m]-
-fn \npw Db-cp-p.
XkyIv N kma N tKjvWu Xkvam-Zp-Zn-KoY
kvXkvamtz thmZvKm ssXX-ky-ln-KmXm
k Gj tb Nmap-jvaXv ]cm-tmtem
ImkvtXjmw tNt tZh-Im-am\mw tN
Xy[n ssZhXw
Ah\v Epw, kma-hpw, app-I-fm-Ip-p. AXn-\m B
tZh DZvKo-Y-sap ]d-bs - -Sp- p. AXp-sIm- p-Xs
Ds \ma-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu tZhs KmXmhv Dns\
Km\w sNp- -h-\m- Ip-p. An- s\-bp Ds- p-t]-tcm-
Sp-Iq- Snb Cu tZh, BZn- Xy\p taep temI- bmsXm-
m-tWm, Ah-pw, tZh-Im-a-pw Cui-\m-Ip-p.
Ggmw Jw
hm tKhIv {]mWx kma; XtZ XtZ Xkym
arNyp [yqVw kma; Xkvam ZrNy [yqVw
kma-Ko-b-tX,
hmtK-hkm; {]mtWmax Xma
C\n A[ym-- amb kzcq]w ]d-bp-p. hmv Em-Ip-
p. {]mW kma-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu kmaw Cu
En\p taem-bn-cn-p-p. AXp-sImp kmaw En\v
taembn Km\w sN-s-Sp-p. hmv ""km'' F A-c-
am-Ip-p. {]mW ""Aa'' Fp i_vZ-am-Ip-p. hmpw
{]mW\pw IqSn-bXv kma-am-Ip-p.
Np-tc-h Kmm-kma; XtZ XtZ Xky-arNy
[ypVw kma; Xkvam Zr Ny [yqVw
kma KobtX;
Nptc hkm ff f akvXXv kma
Npv Em-Ip-p. Bmhv kma-am-Ip-p. An-
s\-bp Cu kmaw Ens taem-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m
N P
197
kmaw En A[yq- V-ambn Km\w sN- s- Sp- p. Npv K
"km' F A-c-am-Ip-p. Bmhv "Aa' F i_vZ-am-
Ip-p. Nppw Bmhpw tNXv kma-am-Ip-p.
t{im{X-ta-hv a\x kma; XtZ
XtZ-kym-ar-Ny-[yqVw kma; Xkvam-ZrNy
[ypVw kma-Ko-btX; t{im{X-ta-hkm
at\m f akvXXv kma.
t{im{Xw Em-Ip-p. a\v kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-
bp kmaw Cu Ens taem-Ip-p. AXp-sImv kmaw
En A[yq-V-am- Ibn Km\w sN- s- Sp-p. t{im{Xw "km'
F A-c-am-Ip-p. t{im{Xhpw a\pw IqSn-bXv kma-
am-Ip-p.
AY btZ-X-ZvWx ipw `x sskh
KY-b-oew ]cw IrjvWw XXv kma;
XtZ XtZ Xkym arNy [yqVw kma
Xkvam-ZrNy
[yqVx kma-Ko-btX; AY-b-tZ-sshX
ZvWx ipw `mx sskhkm f Yb-o
ew ]cx IrjvWw XZ-a-kvXXv kma.
AXp-t]mse An-bpsS Cu ip-amb Zzo]vXn GtXm
AXv Em-Ip-p. \o-e-ambpw Ghpw IrjvW-am-bp-Xv
GtXm AXv kma-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp Cu kmaw Cu
En A[yq-V -am-b n-c n-p-p. AXp-sImp kmaw
En\v taem-bn-cn-p-p. kmaw En\p taembn Km\w
sN-s-Sp-p. C\n An-bpsS Cu ip-amb Zo]vXn
GtXm AXv "km' F-Xm-Ip-p. \o-e-ambpw Ghpw
IrjvW-am-bp-Xpw GtXm AXv "Aa' F i_vZ-am-Ip-
p. AXv iphpw Irjvahpw Bb Zo]vXn-I IqSnb kma-
am-Ip-p.
AYb Gtjm f c-nWn
]pcptjm ZriytX sskhIv Xm-a,
XZp-IvYw, XZy PqkvXZv {_ Xssky
Xky XtZh cq]w bZ-ap-jy-cq-]w,
bmh-ap-jy, tKjvWu-Xu-tK-jvWu, bm-aX
ma.
In-\p-n GXp ]pcp-j-\mtWm ImW- s-Sp-Xv AXv
Em-Ip-p. AXv kma-am-Ip-p. AXv DIvY-am-Ip-p. AXv
bPq-m-Ip-p, AXv {_-am-Ip-p, AXv aqp thZ-fpw
BIp-p. Ah-s, B BZnXy ]pcp-js cq]w GtXm,
AXp Xs Cu Nmp-j-tbpw cq]-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-]p-
cp-js ]- Gh-bmtWm Ah Ch-tbpw tKj-W-
- fm-Ip- p. BZn-Xy-]p- cp-js \ma- ta- tXm, AXv Cu Nmp-
js \ma-am-Ip-p.
Nmpjw Bdm-as a\p

I k Gj tb ssNX kvamZhm-tm-temIm
kvtXjmw tNt, a\p-jy-Im-am\mw tNXn,
XZy Cta hoWmbmw Kmb-tyXw tX
Kmbn Xkvamt [\-k-\bx
C-s \-b p Cu Nmp-j-\ mb ]pcp-j , Cu
Aym-n-I-amb Bm-hn \nv, Cp-d-ap temI-
GXmtWm Ahbvpw a\pjyIma-pw Cui-\m-Ip-
p. AXn-\m, GXp Kmb-I hoW-bn Km\w sNp-
pthm Ah Chs\ Km\w sNp- p. AXn-\m Ah,
[\-hm-\m-Ip-p.
AYb GX-tZhw hnZym kma-Kmb
Xyp`u kKm-bXn; tkm f apss\h k
Gj tbNm apjvamXv ]cmtm tem
ImkvXmw m f ]vt\mXn tZh-Im-amw-.
bmsXm-cp- C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sIm-v, kmaw Km\w Zmev`y-t\mSv ]d-p. ""Av A\p-h-Zn-p ]w A-
sNp- p- thm, Ah B BZn-Xy-\n IqSn BZn-Xy-\n-ep tbmSv Rm tNmZn-mw.'' CXp tIv at-bm ""tNmZnp
tZh-\m-bn-on-v, Ah-\n \nv taep temI- sImpI'' Fp-cw ]d-p.
GtXm Ah-tb-bpw, tZh-Im-a--tfbpw {]m]n-p-p.
AYmt\ ss\h tb ssNX-kvam-Zhtm
temIkvXmw m ff ]vt\mXn a\p-jy-Im-amw
XkvamZp sslhw hnZp-ZvKmXm {_qbm-Xv.
Iw tX Ima amKm-bm-\oXn; Gj-tlyh
Imam-Km-\-tky-tb Ghw hnZzm
kma-Km-bXn kma-Km-bXn
AXp-t]mse Cu Nmp-j-\n IqSn, Ch-\n \npw
Ap-d-ap temI- Fh-bmtWm Ah-bpw, a\p-jy-Im-
a-sf {]m]n-pp. AXn-\m C{]-Im-c-a-dn-bph\mb
DZvKm-Xmhv tNmZn-p-p. ""\n\v GXp Imas Rm
BKm\w sNWw?'' Fs-m bmsXm-cp- Cu
{]Im- c-a-dnp kmaw Km\w sNp- pthm Ah Ima-sf
B Km\w sNp--Xn-\v, Cui-\mbn `hn-p-p.
Fmw Jw
{Xtbm tlmZv KotY Ipiem _`qhpx ineIx
imem-h-Xy, ssIn-Xm-bt\m Zmev`yx,
{]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cnXn tXmtlmNp
cpZvKKIotY ssh Ipiex kvtam ltmZv
KotY IYmw hZma CXn.
iem-hms ]p{X-\mb ine-I, NnIn-Xm-b-\s ]p{X-
\mb `mev`y, Poh-es ]p{X-\mb {]hm-l-W, Cs\
aqp-t] DZvKo-Y-n Ipi-e-m-cm-bn-p- m-bn-cp- p.
Ah ]dp \mw DZvKo-Y-n Ipi-e-m-scp {]kn--
N P
198
cm-Wsm? \n A\p-h-Zn-p ]w, \apv DZvKo- K
Ys kw_-nv Nnn-mw.
XtYXn l kap-]-hn-hnipx k l
{]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cp-hmN `mK-hm
ht{i-h-ZXmw; {_m-W -tbm-ZtXm
hmNw t{imjym-anXn
An-s\-bm- Is Fv ]dv Ah Ccp- p. B Poh-
e-]p-{X-\mb {]hm-lW
- ]d-p. `K-h
- m BZyw hZn-
mepw. hmZn-p {_m-W- cmb \n-fpsS hmp Rm
tImw.
k l ineIx imem-h-Xy-ss-InXm
b\w Zmev`y aphmN l Xzm
_rm-\o-Xn, ]rtXn tlm hmN
B ime-hms ]p{X ine-I NnIn-Xm- b\ ]p{X-\mb
Imkmavt\m KXn-cnXn kzc-C-XntlmhmN
kzc-ky-Im-K-Xn-cn-Xn, {]mW CXn-tlm-hmN
{]mW-kyIm KXn-cn-Xn, A-anXn tlm hmN
Aky Im KXn-cnXn B] CXn-tlm-hm-N
kma-n\v B{ibw FmWv? Fv ine-I tNmZn-
p. Zmev`y kma-n\p KXn kzc-am-sWv Dcw ]d-
p. kzc-n\p KXn Fm-sWv tNmZn-p. {]mW
Fp-cw ]d-p. {]mW-\p- KXn FmWv Fp tNmZn-
p. A-sa-p-cw ]d-p. A-n\p KXn Fm-
sWv tNmZn-p. AXn\v Ap-I Fv Dcw ]d-p.
A- ap-m-Ip--X,v Ap-I \nan--am-Wtm?
A]mw Im KXn-cnXn; Aku-temI CXn
tlmhmN Aap-jy-tem-I-kyIm KXn-cnXn;
\ kzw temI-a-Xn-\tb ZnXn tlmhmN;
kzKw hbw temIw kmam-`n-kw-m-]-bmax,
kzK kwkvXmhw ln kma CXn.
Ap-Iv FmWv KXn-sbp tNmZn-p. At-
temIw Fp ]d-p. At-tem-I - n\v FmWp KXn
Fp tNmZn-p. Zmev`y AXn-\p-cw ]d-p. kz-am-
Ip temIw IS-n-sImp t]mI-bn Fm-Wv. AXn-
\m \ kmas kz-tem-I - n A`n-kw-m-]n-
mw. kmaw kz-sa \ne-bn kvXpXn--s-Sp--Xm-W.v
Xw l ineIx ime-h-Xy-ss-In-Xm-b\w
Zmev`y aphmNx A{]-Xn-nXw Ine tX
Zmev`y-kma; bkvtXz-Xln {_qbm aq
mtX hn]n-Xn-jy-co-Xn, aqmtX hn]tX ZnXn.

I C{]-Imcw ]d NnIn-Xm-b-\-]p-{X-\mb Zmev`y-t\mSv
imem-h-Xy-\mb ine-I ]dp: Atbm Zmev`y, \ns
A`n-{]m-b-n kmaw A{]-Xn-n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. Bsc-
nepw Hcp-h Ctm \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv
]d-Ib- m-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xn-ptam?''
lm lta-XZv `K-htXm thZm-\nXn; hnnXn
tlmhmN Aapjy temIky ImK-Xn-cnXn; \{]
Xnmw temI-a-Xn-\tb ZnXn-tlm-hmN
{]Xnmw hbw temIw kmam-`n-kw-m-]-bmax
{]Xnm kwkvXm-hwln kmtaXn
Av A\p- h-Zn-p-I-bm-sW-n CXv Rm ]qPy-\mb p-pthm Ah\p D-tcm-cw hnin--X-c-amb Poh\w
At- bpsS ASp- \nv Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln-pp Dm-Ip- p. Ah D-tcm-cw hnin- - X- c- - fmb temI-
Fv Zmev`y ]d-p. Adn- p-sIm-pI Fv ine-I Pbn-p-p.
D-chpw ]d-p. At temIn-\p -KXn FmWv?
Fp tNmZnp. Cu temIw Fv Dcw ]d-p. {]Xn-
jvT-bmb Cu temIs IS- n-sIm-p-t]m- I-bn- . Fpw
Dcw ]d- p. \appw kmaw {]Xn-jT v -amb temI- n
A`n-kw-m-]n-mw. Fs-m kmaw {]Xn-jvT-bmbn
kvXpXn--s-Sp--Xm-W-tm.
Xwl {]hm-ltWm ssPh-en-cp-hm-N,
Ah ssZzIn-etX imem-h-Xy, kma,
bkvtXz Xln {_qbm-ptX hn]-Xnjy
XoXn aqmtX hn]tX ZnXn lml
taXXv `htXm thZm-\oXn hnoXn tlmhmN
Ah-t\mSv Poh-e-] p-{X-\mb {]hm-l-W ]d-p.
Atbm imem-h-Xym, \ns A`n-{]m-b-n kmaw A-
ap- -Xm-Wtm? Bsc- nepw \ns aqmhv hn]- Xn- p- sav
Cu k`-n ]d-bp ]w \ns aqmhv hn]-Xn-
ptam? Ahn-Ss A\p-hm- Z-ap ]w Rm CXv am\y-
\mb Ahn-Ss ASp- \nv Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-
pp Fv ine-I ]d-p. AXn\v Adn-p-sImI knn-pw. imn-ey-t\mSv iu\-I ]d-p. Bcv C{]-
Fv {]hm-l-W Dcw ]d-p.
H]Xmw Jw
Aky-tem-Iky Im KXn-cnXn; BImi CXn
tlmhm-N, khmWn lhm Cam\n `qXm\ym
Imim-tZh kap]-Zyt; BImiw {]
XykvXw bn; BIm-tim-tlym-ssh-t`ymPym
bm; BImix ]cm-bWw
Cu temI-n\v KXn Fsp tNmZn-p. BIm-i-
sap ]d-p. Cu `qX--sfmw BIm-i- p-\n-p-Xs
Dm-Ip-p. BIm-i- n AkvX-an-p-p. BImiw Cu
`qX-sf Fm-n-t\bpw Im al--c-am-W.v BImiw
N P
199
{]Xn-jvT-am-Ip-p. aqp Ime- n-epw, `qX--fsS K
p Dn
nXn-e-b- BIm-i- n-em-Ip-p.
k Gj ]tcm-hco bm\p-ZvKoYx k Gtjm
\x, ]c-h-cotbm lmky `hXn; ]tcm
hco-btkm l temIm PbXn b GX
tahw hnZzm ]tcm-h-co-bmw-ka
- p-ZvKoY
ap]mkvtX
A-s\-bp Cu DZvKoYw ]c\pw ]tcm-h-co-b-\p-am-
Ip-p. An-s\-bp Cu DZvKoYw A\--am-Ip-p. Bcv
C{]-Im-c-a-dnv ]tcm-h-co-b-\mb Cu DZvKo-Ys D]m-kn-
Xw ssl XaXn[\zm iu\I DZc imn
eymtbm-tzm-hmN bmhXv X G\w
{]Pmbm apZvKoYw thZn-jy-t, ]tcm-hco
tbm ssl`y-kvXm-h-Z-kvan tmI Poh\w
`hn-jy-X n.
An-s\-bp Cu DZvKo-Ys ip\Is ]p{X- \mb
AXn [\zmhv DZ-c-im-n- ey\v ]dp sImSp-nv ]d- p.
\ns k-Xn-I-fn bmsXm-cp- Ah-km\w hsc Cu
DZvKoYw Adn-bp-tam, Ah hscpw Ch temI-n
D-tcm-cw hnin--amb Poh\w e`n-p--Xm-W.v
XYm apjvan temICXn kb GX-tahw
hnZzm-\p-]mkvtX ]tcm-h-cob Gh
lmkym-k va n
temtI Poh\w `hXn XYm f apjvan temtI
temI CXn temtI temI CXn
AXp-t]mse ]c-tem-I-n ]tcm-h-co-b-amb temIw
Im- c-a-dnv DZvKoYw D]m-kn-p-p- thm, Ah\p Cu temI-
n D-tcm-cw hnin--X-c-am-bn-- t-bp Poh\w
Dm-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw ]c-tem-I-n temIw knn-p-
p. temtI-temI CXn Fp cp {]mhiyw ]d-n-cn-
p-Xv DZvKo-tYm-]m-k\w kam-]X v -ambn Fp ImWn-p-
- X n- \ m- W.v
]mw Jw
aS Nol-tXjp Ipcp-jzm-SnIym kl-Pmb
tbmj-kvXnl Nm{Im-bW C`y-{Kmta
{]m {ZmWI Dhm-k.
Ipcp-tZ-i-p kky- CSn-o- sImp \in-n--
s--tm C`y-{Km- a- n N{Is ]p{X- \mb DjkvXn F

I B kv{Xoe--W- apgp-h hp XnI-n-n-m
`mcy-tbmSp IqSn, Aw e`n-m-bvI-bm I-n-Xn-bn-
embngn-p-h- p.
kwtl`yw Ipevam-jm JmZw _n`n-tXw
tlmhmN: t\tXm f t\y hnZyt; ba
Ca D]-\n-lnXm CXn.
Ah Ipn-X--fmb amj-sf `n-p-sIm-n-cn-
p C`y-t\mSv `n tNmZn-p. Dj-kvXn-tbmSv C`y ]d-
p. Fs ASp- ]m{X-n-en-n-p Cu Ipevam-j-
(Hcp hI [m\yw) Gh-bmtWm Ah-b-msX thsd
C. Rm FmWp sNpI?
GtXjmw tatZ-lnXn tlmhmN; Xm\kvssa
{]Z-sZu; lm\p ]m\-anXn; Dnw
sshta ]oXw kymZnXn tlmhmN
C`y ]d-- Xp-tIv Ch F\np Xcq Fv DjkvXn
]d-p. Ah Dj-kvXnv sImSp-p. A\-cw ASp-n-
cn-p Pew Nqn CXm A\p- ]m\w Fv C`y ]d-p.
Rm IpSn-p-Xv Dn-jT v -am-bn-cn-p-atm F DjkvXn
]d-p.
\ kzntZtX ]pnm CXn \hm A
Pohn-jy-an-am\ JmZ-nXn tlmhmN
Imtama DZI ]m\-anXn
Cu Ipevam-j-fpw Dn---fmtWm C`y tNmZn-p.
Cu Ipevam-j- `- C- m-Xn-cp- m Rm Pohn--bn
Fp shw IpSn-p-Xv Fs C-amWv Fpw
DjkvXn ]d-p.
k l JmZnXzm f Xnti-jm Pmbmbm
BP lmc; km f {KX Gh kp`n-m-_-`qh;
Xm {]Xn-Krly \nZ[u
Ah `n-n-v, an-ap Ipjva-j-sf `mcyv
sImp-sNp sImSp-p. Ahp AXn\p ap]m-bn-
s \ `n e`n-n-cp-p. AXn-\m Dj-kX v n-sIm-p-
sN Ipjvam-j
- sf hmn, kqn-p-h - p.
k l {]mXx kwPn-lm\ DhmN: bZv
_Xm--ky-et- `-a-ln, et`-a-ln-[\
am{Xmw; cmPm f kub--tX, kam
kssh cmn-ssP hrWo-tX-Xn.
DjkvXn cmhnse \n{Z shSn--tm ]d-p. Fp
sNmw? Aev]w Aw \app e`n-s-n, Aev]w [\w
\apv Inp-am-bn-cp-p. CXm cmPmhv bmKw sNp-hm
t]mIp-p. Ah Fm-h-Ibpw e`n-p EXzn-p-If - psS
I-mbn Fs hcn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
N P
200
Xw Pmtbm hmNx l! ]X Ca Gh K
Ipevamjm CXn; Xm JmZnXzm f apw bw
hnX-X -ta-bmb
Dj-kvXn-tbmSv `mcy ]dp: `mth An-s\-bm-
sW- n Cu Ipevam- j- Xsbp- tm. DjkvXn Ah
`n-nv hnkvXm-c-ap B bs {]m]n-p.
Xt{Xm-Zv-KmXr \mkvXm thkvtXmjy-am-W\
- pt]m
hhn-thi kl {]-kvtXm-Xmc aphmN
(A-h) bmK--ev sNp. kvXpXn-p e-
amb BkvXm-h-n kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp DZvKm-Xm-
-fmb Bfp-If
- psS ASp- Ccp-p. Ah {]kvXm-hn-
t\mSp ]dp
{]kvtXm Xm tZhXm {]-kvXm-h-a\zm
bm Xmw tNZ hnZzm {]kvtX
jykn aqmtX hn]-Xn-jy-Xo-Xn.
{]kvtXm-Xmth! GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]kvXm-h-n
A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p-- Xv, AXv Adn-bmsX \o {]m-hn-p-
hm t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns aqmhv hoWp-t]mhpw
Fv ]d-n-cn-p-p.
Ghta thmZvKm-c-ap-hmN DZvKm-Xw tZhtXm
ZvKoY a\zm-b-m, XmwtNZ hnZzm-\p-ZvKmky
kn aqmtX hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn
Gh-tah {]Xn-lmc aphmN {]Xn
lm tZhXm {]Xn-lmc a\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]Xn-l-cn-jykn aqm-tX,
hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn tXl kam-cXm kvXpjvWo
amkmw N{Intc
DZvKm-Xm-hn-t\mSv Cs\ ]dp: DXvKm-Xmth GXp
tZh-X-bmtWm DZvKo-Y-n A\p-K-X- bm-bn-cn-p-Xv B
tZh-Xtb Adn-bmsX \o ZvKo\w sNm t]mhp-I-bm-sW-
n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Cns\ {]Xn-lm-
hn-t\mSp ]d- p. {]Xn- lmth GXp tZh- X-bmtWm {]Xn-
lm-c- n A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, B tZh-Xsb Adn-
bm-sX, \o {]Xn-l-cn-p-hm t]mIp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns
aqmhv hn]-Xn-pw. Ah I- -fn \np-a-S-n-b-
h-cm-bnv Nm{I-b-Hm-W--`n-ap-J-am-bnv anm-sX-bn-cp-p.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
AY ssl\w bP-am\ DhmN:- `K-hw
hm Alw hn hnZn-jmWn Xn Dj-kvXn-ckvan
Nm{Im-bW CXn-tlm-hm-N.
Dj-kvXn- tbmSv bmKw sNp cmPmhv ]dp `K- hmt\
Rm Adn- bp- - Xn-\m-{K- ln- p- p. Rm N{Is ]p{X- \mb

I Dj-kvXn-bm-Ip-p. Fv Nm{Im-b-W Dcw ]d-p.
ktlm-hmN: `K-hw hm Al-ta`nx
kss-cmzn ssPyx ssjnjw, `K
htXmhm Al-a-hnym f \y\-hr-jn.
`Khmw kvtXzhta kss-cmzn ssPycnXn
XtY-Xn. AY-XtlyX Gh ka-Xn-krm:
kvX phXmw bmh-t-t`ym-[\w
ZZym-kvXm-h--a-ZZym
CXn. XtY Xnl-b-P-am\ DhmN
bP-am-\ ]dp: Rm Cu Fm EXzn-p-I-fpsS
I-m-bpw, `K-hms\ At\z-jn-p. `K-hms\ Inm-
-Xp-sIm-mWv Rm thsd Bfp-Isf hcn--Xv. Fs
Fm EXzn-I-pw C\n `K- hm Xs thWw. A{]-
Imcw BIs Fv DjkvXn k-Xn-p. A-s\-bm-sW-
n Ap-apt hcn-n-p--h-sc--s, Fm A\p-
h-Zn--s--h-cm-bnv kvXpXn--s. Ahv F{X-[\w \o
sImSp-p-pthm A{Xbpw F\npw Xc-Ww. An-s\-
bm-Is Fv bP-am-\ ]d-p.
AY ssl\w {]kvtXm-tXm-]-k-km-Z-{]kvtXm
Xm-tZ-hXmw {]kvXm-h-a-\zm-b-mXmw tNZ
hnZzm {]kvtXm-jykn; antX hn]-Xn-jyXn
Xnam `K-hm-\-thm-NXv IXam km tZhXm
CXn.
hop {]kvtXm-Xmhv Dj-kX v nsb hn\-b-tmSp IqSn
D]-K-an-p. {]kvtXm-Xmth GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]kvXm-h-`-
n-bn A\p-K-X-bm-bn-cn-p-Xv B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX
{]kvXm-hn-p-hm t]mhp-I-bm-sW-n, \ns aqmhv
hn]-Xn-pw. Fv FtmSv `K-hm ]d-p-htm? B lm-th, GXp tZh-X-bmtWm {]Xn-lm-c-n A\p-K-
tZhX GXmWv?
{]mW CXn tlmhmN khmWn lhm Cam\n -bm-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv FtmSv
`qXm\n {]mW-ta-hm-`n-kw-hn-in; {]mW-a`yp
nltX; sskjm tZhXm {]kvXm-h
-a-\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]kvtXmtjym
aqmtX hy]
XnjyXv XtYm- -ky-a-tb-Xn.
{]mW Fp ]d-p. Cu `qX--sfmw {]mW-s\-
s A`n-kw-th-in-p-p. {]mWs\ A`n-e-`n-nv DZvK-
an-p-p. An-s\-bp CXv {]kvXm-h`- -n-bn, A\p-
K-X-bmb tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX \o {]kvXm-hn-n-cp-s-n
A{]-Imcw ]d-b-s \ns aqmhv hn]-Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
AY ssl\-ap-ZvKtXm ]k-kmZ DZvKmX
mtZ-h-tXm-XvKoY a\zm-bm Xmw tNZ-hnZzm
N P
201
\pZv Kmky-kn, aqmtX hn]-Xnjy XoXn K
am `K-hm-\thm NXv, IX-amkm tZhXm
CXn.
DZvKm-Xmhv Dj-kvXnsb hn\-b-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-K-an-p.
DZvKm-Xm-th, GXp tZh-X-bmtWm DZvKo-Y-n A\p-K-X-
bm-bn-cn-p-Xv B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX \o DZvKm\w
sNp-Ib - m-sW-n \ns aqmhv hn]-Xnpw Fv
FtmSv `hm ]d-p-h- tm. DZvKoY `n-bn A\p-
K-X- bmb B tZhX GXmWv?
BZnXy CXn tlmhmN: khmWn hm
Cam\n `qXm-\ym-ZnXy apssx kw-Km-bn;
sskjm tZh-tXm-XvKoY a\zm-b-m, Xmw
tNX hnZzm\p ZKm-tkym, aqmtX
hy]-Xn-jyXv
XtYm- -k y- a-tb-X n.
BZn-Xy Fp ]dp Cu `qX--sfmw apI-fn
nXn-sN-p BZn-Xys\ Km\w sNp-p. DZvKo-Y-`-n-
bn A\p-K-X-bmb tZhX CXm-Ip-p. B tZh-Xtb Adn-
bmsX \o DZvKm\w sNbvXn-cpp Fn C{]-Imcw ]d-b-
s \ns aqmhv ]Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
AY ssl\w {]Xn-ltm-h-k-kmZ: {]Xn
lm tZhXm {]Xn-lmc a\zm-b-m,
Xmw tNZ-hn-Zzm {]Xn-l-cn-jy-kn, aqm
tX hn]-Xn-jy-XoXn am `K-hm\ thmNXv;
IXam km tZhXm CXn.
A\-cw {]Xn-lmhv Dj-kX v ntb D]-k-Zn-p. {]Xn-
X- bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, B tZh-Xtb Adn-bmsX \o {]Xn-l-cn-
`hm ]d-p-htm? B tZhX GXmW?
D]-kZv ip{iq-jn-p-I, Acn-I-n-cn-p-I.
A-anXn tlmhmN; khmWnl hm Cam\n
`qXm-\y- -tah {]Xn-l-ca
- m-W m\n Pohn
sskjm tZhXm {]Xn-lm-c-a-\zm-bm; Xmw tNZ
hnZzm {]Xy-lc
- n-tjym, aqmtX hy]-Xn-jyXv
XtYm-ky atb-Xn, XtYm-k - y-a-tbXn
A- sav ]dp Cu `qX--sfmw A- s- Xs
{]Xn-l-cn-p-sImv Pohn-p-p. {]Xn-lm-c-`-n-bn A\p-
K-X-bmb tZhX A-am-Ip-p. B tZh-Xsb Adn-bmsX
\o {]Xn-l-cn-n-cpp Fn A{]-Imcw ]d-b-s \ns
aqmhv ]Xn-p-am-bn-cp-p.

I ]{mw Jw
AYmXx iuh DZvKoYx X-_tIm Zmevt`ym
mthm hm ssat{Xbx kzm[ymb apZz {]mP
C\n CXp apX izm-fm Ip-]n-Sn--s DZvKm-\-
amb kmaw ]d-bs - -Sp-p. AXn Zs ]p{X-\m-b,
_It\m an{X-bpsS ]p{X-\mb mht\m kzm[ymbw sNp-
-Xn-\mbn DZv{hPn-p. {Kma-n\p shfn-bn-ep hnP-\--
e-p Pe-k-ao-]v Fn-Im-n-cp-p.
Xkvssa iztizXx {]mZp_-`qh; Xa-t\ym-izm\
D]-k-tatXym Np Aw t\m `K-hm\m Kmb
Xzi-\m-b-ahm CXn.
B Ejnv shfp \nd-ap izmhv {]Xy--am-bn.
AXns ASp- sNv ap- izm- ]d-p. `K-hm- \mb
Av Rv As B Km\w sImp-m-n--
cq. Rv hni-p-p.
Xm tlmhmN: Cssl-ham {]mX-cq-]-ka
- obm
tXXn X _tIm Zmevt`ym mthm hm
ssat{Xbx
{]Xn-]m-ebmw NImc
B, izm-tfmSv ]dp cmhnse Chn-sS, Fs ASp-
hcp-hn. AhnsS Zev`-]p- {X-\mb _It\m an{X-bpsS
]p{X-\mb mht\m Imn- cp-p.
tX l bssY thl _ln-jv]-h-am-t\\
kvtXmjy-amWmx kwc_v[mx k-o-tXymh
amk-k r-]p- kvt\l kap-] -hn-iy-lnw-N{Ipx
F {]- I mcw I- n _ln- j v ] - h - a m- \ - s a
kvtXm{XwsImv kvXpXn-p-hm t]mIp-- h At\ym\yw
tNv h- n Npptm C{]- Imcw Biy- h-n
Npn Ccp-nv lnw F i_vZw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p.
Hm3 aZm3 tamw]n_m3 tamw3 tZth-h-cpWx
{]Pm-]Xnx khn-\m2 f anlm2 ff lc--]tXm
3f -an-lm2 ff lcm 2 ff ltcm 3 anXn.
Hmw R `n-p-am-dm-I-s, Hmw R ]m\w
sNp- am-dm-Is; Hmw tZymX\w sNp--Xn-\m tZh\pw PK-
n\p hrn \evIp--Xn-\m hcp-W\pw {]P-Isf ]me\w
sNp--Xn-\m {]Pm-]-Xn-bpw, k-tbpw {]k-hn-p-
-Xn-\m khn-Xm-hpw, Bb BZn-Xy Rv Aw
Xc-s. Fm A-n\p ]Xn-bm-bn-p--ht\ ChnsS
Rp Aw Xcq. As Bl-cn Hmw
]Xn-aqmw Jw
(`-n-hn-jb
- -amb D]m-k-\-amWm CXp-hsc ]d--Xv.
N P
202
kma-ns asmcp `mK-amb kvtXmZm--c-sf kw_- K
n--hbpw Hcp-anp Xs A\p-jvTn-t--Xp-amb D]m-
k-\--sf-n C\n ]d-bp-p.)
Abw hmh-temtIm lm DImtcm hmbp
lmC-Imw, {am Al-Imcx, Bt
lIm tcm f nco-Imcx
""lmD'' F i_vZw Cu temI-am-Ip-p. lmC F
i_vZw hmbp-hm-Ipp AY F kvtXm`w N{-\m-Ip-p.
Cl F i_vZw Bm- hm- Ip-p. Cu F i_vZw An-
bm-Ip-p.
BZnXy DuIm-tcm, \nlh GImtcm
hntiz-tZhm Hu tlmbn-Imcx, {]Pm-]
-Xnlnw-Imcx
{]mWx kztcm, f w bm, hmKzn-cmSv
DuImcw BZn-Xy- \m-Ip- p. GImcw Blzm\w BIp-p.
Hmtlmbn F kvtXm`w hniz-tZ-h - m-cm-Ip-p. lnwImcw
{]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. kzc-sa kvtXm`w {]mW-\m-Ip-p. b
F kvtXm`w A- am- Ip-p. hmIv F kvtXm`w hncm-m-
Ip-p.
A\n-cq--kv{X-tbm-Zix kvtXm`x kwN
tcmlpw Imcx lpw Imc-sa ]Xn-aq-m-as kvtXm`w
C-sXp \nh-Nn--s-Sp-hm Ign-bm-Xpw hnI-ev]n-
-s-Sp kzcq-]-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw BIp-p.
ZpKvt f kvssa hmKvtZmlx, tbm hm tNmtZm
lx, A-hm-\-mtZm `hXn; b GXm-tah
kmav\m ap]-\n-jZw thtZ-]-\n-jZw thZ
Bcv C{]-Imcw Cu kma--fpsS D]-\n-j-ns\ Adn-
bp-pthm B km[-I\v hmv, hmns tZmlw Fp
]d-bp tZmls tZml\w sNp-p. Ah A-ap-
-h-\mbpw A- sf AZn-p--h-\mbpw `hn-p-p.
Aymbw cv
Hmw Jw
(Fm kma-n-epw, Fm kma-tbpw kw_-n
D]m-k-\--sf--n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--Xv.)
Hmw ka-kvX\y Jep kmav\ D]m-k\w km[p;
bX Jep km[p-XXv kmtaXym N-tX; bZ
km[p-XZ kmta-Xn.
Fm Ah-b-h - -tfmSpw IqSnb kma-ns D]m-k\
km[p-hm-Ip-p. GXmtWm km[p-hm-bn-p-Xv AXns\
kmaw Fv _pn-amm ]d-bp-p.

I XZp-Xm-]ymlpx kmavss\-ap-]m-Km-Zn-X n, km[p
ss\\-ap-]m-Km-Zn-tXy-hX Zmlpx Akmav
ss\\-ap-]m-Km-ZnXn Akm-[p-ss\\ ap]m
KmZn-tXy-hX Zmlpx
B hnj-b - n kma-am-bnp CXp-am-{X-a D-Xv.
Chs\ D]-Ka - np Fp ]d-bp-p. AhnsS tim`-\-ambn
Chs\ D]-Ka - np Fp ]d-bp-p. Akm-a-ambn Chs\
D]-K-anp Fp ]d-bp-p. AhnsS Atim-`-\-ambn #nhs\
D]-K-anp Fp Xs ]d-bp-p.
AtYm-Xm-]ymlpx kma-t\m-_-tX-Xn, bXv km[p
`h-X n, km[p-_-tX-tXy-h-XZ- mlpx Akm-[ pt\m
_tXXn; bZ km[p-`-hXy km[p _tX-tXy-hX
Zmlpx
AXp-t]mse C\n-bp-ap-v. ktmjw \apv kma-am-
bn-cn-pp Fp ]d-bm-dp-v. AhnsS GXmtWm km[p-
hmbn kw`- hn-p-Xv km[p-hm-bn-cn-pp; ktm-j-am-bn-
cn-p-p. Iw \apv Akm-a-am-bn-cn-pp Fp ]d-
bm-dp-v. AhnsS km[p-hmbn kw`-hn-p-Xv GtXm AXv
Akm-[p-hm-bn-cn-pp; I-am-bn- cn-p-p.
kb Ghw hnZzm km[p kmta-Xyp-]mkvtX f
`ymtim-lb tZ\w km[thm [w
B NKt bpcq-]-N\- -tabpx
Bcv kmaw km[p-sh--dnv D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ahs\ icn-bmb [- BK-an-p-I-bpw, t`mKy--
fm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw. thK-n ip`-^-e- A\p-
`-hn-p-am-dm-Ipw.
cmw Jw
temtIjvT ]-hn[w ktam-]-koX: {]Ynhn
lnwImtcm f nx {]kvXmthm co--ap-KvZoY
BZnXyx {]Xn-lmtcm Zyun-[-\-an-Xyptjp
temI--fmbn Ap-hn-[-amb kmaw D]m-kn--Ww.
]rYnhn lnw Imc-am-h p-p. An {]kvXm-ha - m-Ip-p.
BImiw DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
tZymhv\n-[- \-am-Ip-p. Duz-K- X--fm-b, temI- -sf-p
Zrn-tbm-Sp-I q-Snb kmtam-]m-k -\ w, C-s \-b m-Ip- p.
hmkv X-h-n-ep--h-bm-bn-cp- m-epw, Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb
[--sf, D]m-kn--Xp-sImv ^e-an-.
AYm ffhrtjvTx Zyulnw-Im-c, BZnXyx
{]kvXmthm f co--ap-ZvKo-tYm, f nx
{]Xn-lmcx
]rYn-h n-\ n-[ \w
N P
203
C\n apI-fn\np Iogvt]m-p temI--sf-p K
ZrjvTn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Ap-hn-[-n- ep kma-ns D]m-
k\ ]d-bp-p. tZymhv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy {]kvXm-
h-am-Ip-p. A-cow DZm-Ko-Y-am-Ip-p. An {]Xn-lm-c-
am-Ip-p. ]rYn hn\n-[-am-Ip-p.
Iev]t lmkvssa-tem-Im-Dum- ff -hrm
b GX-tZhw hnZzm temtI-jvT-]
hn[w kmtam-]mkvtX
Bcv C{]-Im-c-a-dnv temI--fmbn Cu Ap hn[-
n-ep-ap kmas D]m-kn-p-pthm Cu D]m-k-I\v
Xmtg- \np taevt]m-p--hbpw apI-fn \np Iogvt]m-p-
-hbpw Bb temI- t`mKy--fmbn knn-p-p.
aqmw Jw
hru ]-hn[w ktam-]m-koX: ]ptcm-htXm
lnwImtcm tatLm PmbtX k {]kvXmhx
hjXn
k DZvKo-tYm, hntZym-XtX kvX\-bXn k{]
Xnlmcx DZvKr-lvWmXn Xn-[\w
hrn-bmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn--
Ww. Ing- Imv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. taLw Dm-Ip-Xv
{]kvXm-h- am-Ip-p. hjn-p-Xv DZvKo- Y-am-Ip-p. anan-
p--Xpw, CSn shp-Xpw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ag AS-p-
Xv \n[-\-am-Ip-p.
hjXn-lmkvssa hj-bXn lb GX
tZhw
hnZzm hru-]--hn[w kmtam-hmkvtX
Bcv Cs\ Adnv hrn- bmbn Ap- hn-[-n- ep
kams D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah-\mbn hjn-p-p.
Ah hjn-n-bpw sNp-p.
\memw Jw
khm-k z]vkp ]-hn[w kmtam-hm-koX:
taLm
bXv kw-htX klnw-Im-tcm, bZzjXn k{]
kvXmthm, bmx {]mNyx kyt k DZvKo-tYm,
bmx {]NoNyxk {]Xn-lmcx kapt{Zm \n[-\w.
Fm Ap-I-fp- ambn Ap-hn- [-n- ep kmas D]m-
kn-Ww. taLw Db-cp-Xv lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hjn-p-
Xv {]kvXm- h-am- Ip- p. Ing- tm- sm- gp- Ip \Zn- I Ghtbm
AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-tdmv Hgp-Ip \Zn-I
Ghtbm Ah {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. kap{Zw \n[-\-am-Ip. p-

I \ lm]v kp ss{]Xy-]vkp-am `hXn b
GX-tZhw hnZzm khm-kz]vkp ]-hn[w
kmam-] kvtX
Bcp C{]-Im-c-a-dnv Fm Ap-I-fp-am-bn, Ap-hn-
[-amb kmas D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah Ap-If - n
acn--bn-. Ap-I-fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.
Amw Jw
EXp jp ]-hn[w kmtam-]m-knXx hktm
lnwImtcm {Kojvax {]kvXmthm hjm DZvKoYmx
icXv {]Xn-lmtcm tla-tm-\n-[\w
EXp--fmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn--
Ww. hkw lnwIm- c-am-Ip- p. {Kojvaw {]kvXmham-Ip- p.
hjw DZvKo- Y-am-Ip-p. icv {]Xn- lm- c-am-Ip-p. tlaw
\n[-\-am-Ip-p.
Iev]t lmkvam EXh EXp-am `h-Xnb
GX-tZhw hnZzm-\r-XpjvT ]-hn[w ktam-
]mkvtX
Bcv C{]-Im-c-a-dnv EXp--fmbn Ap-hn-[-n-ep Imcw Ap-hn-[-n-ep kma-ns D]m-k\w ]dp
Cu kmas D]m- kn-p-p-thm, B D]m-k-I-\v, EXp- Ign-p.
EXp- hy-h--I-\p-cq-]-am-bn, t`mKy--fm-bn-o-cp-p.
Ah EXp--fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Bdmw Jw
]ipjvT ]-hn[w kmtam-]m-koX: BPm-lnw-
Itcm f
hbw {]kvXm-thm, Kmh DZvKotYm f izmx {]Xn-
lmcx ]pcp-tjm-\n-[\w
]ip-mbn Ap-hn-[- n- ep kmas D]m-kn-
-Ww. tImem-Sp-I lnwIm-c -am-Ip-p. Ipdn-bm-Sp-I
{]kvXm-ha - m-Ip-p. tKm DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Aiz-
{]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ]pcp-j \n[-\-am-Ip-p.
`hn lmky ]ihx ]ip-am `hXn b
GX tZhw hnZzm ]ipjp ]-hn[w
kmtam-] mkvtX
Bcv C{]-Imcw Adnv ]ip--fmbn Cu Ap-hn-[-
n- ep kmas D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah\v ]ip-
Dm- Ipw. ]ip--sf-sIm- p t`mKw,- XymKw apX-emb ^e-
D-h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.
N P
204
Ggmw Jw K
{]mtWjvT ]-hn[w ]tcm-h-cobx
kmtam-]m-koX:- -
{]mtWm lnw Imtcm, hmIv {]kvXm-h,
p-c p-ZvKoYx
t{im{Xw {]Xn-lm-tcm, at\m-\n-[\w;
]tcm-h -cobmw
knhm GXm\n
{]mW--fm-bn, Ap-hn-[-n-ep ]tcm-h-co-b-mb
kmas D]m-kn--Ww. {]mW lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmv
{]kvXm-h-am- Ip-p. Npv DZvKo-Y-am- Ip-p. t{im{Xw {]Xn-
lm-ca
- m-Ip-p. a\v \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Ch D-tcm-cw
hnin--X-c--fm-Ip- p.
]tcm-h-cotbm lmky `hXn ]tcm-h-co-btkm
l temIm PbXn b GX-tZhw hnZzm
{]mtWjvT ]-hn[w ]tcm-h-cobx kmtam
hmkvX CXn ]-hn-[ky
C{]-Imcw Adnv {]mW--fmbn Ap- hn-[-n- ep
]tcm- h-co-b
- mb Cu kmas Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah\p D- tcm-cw hnin--X-c-amb Poh\w Dm-Ipw.
Ah ]tcm-h-co-b-p-If - mb temI-sf Pbn-pw. C{]-
Fmw Jw
AY k]vX hn[ky: hmNn k]vXh - n[w
kmtam-] m-k oXx
bXv Inw N hmtNm lpa-Xn, klnw Imtcm,
bXv t{]Xn
k {]kvXm-thm, btZXn k BZnx
C\n Ggp hn[-n-ep kma-ns D]m-k\w ]d-
bpp: hmmbn Ggp-hn-[-n-ep kmas D]m-kn--
Ww. lpw Fp hmns hntijw GtXm AXv lnw
Imc-am-Ip-p. {] Fp hntijw GtXm, AXv {]kvXm-
h-am-Ip-p. B F tXtXm AXv BZn-bm-Ip-p.
bZp-ZnXn k DZvKo-tYm, XXv{]-XoXn
k{]-Xo-lm-tcm,
bZp t]Xn k D]-{Z-thm, bo-Xn-X-n-[-\w.
DXv Fp tXtXm, AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. {]Xn F-
tXtXm AXv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. D] F-tXtXm AXv D]-
{Z-h-am-Ip-p. \n F tXtXm AXp \n[-\-am-Ip-p.
ZpKvt f kvssa hmKvtZmlw tbmhm-tNm-tZmtlm
hm-\-mtZm `h-Xnb GX-tZhw hnZzm
hmNn k]vXh - n[w kmtam-]m-kvtX.
 205

I C-s\-b -dnv hmmbn Ggp-hn-[-n-ep Cu bmsXm-cm-ew-_hpw IqSm-sX, (X-sf Dbn-sm-pw) K

kmas Bcv D]m- kn-p- p-thm, Ah\v hmv GXm- tWm, k-cn-p-p. Fs-m Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kma-
hmns tZmlw Fp ]d-bp- - Xv, B tZmls tZml\w ns BZn-`n `Pn-p--h-bm-Ip-p.
sNp- p. A-ap--h-\mbpw As `n-p--h-
\mbpw Zo]m-n-bmbpw `hn-pw.
H]Xmw Jw
AY Jez-ap-am-ZnXyw k]vXh
- n[w kmtam-]m-koX;
kh Zmka kvt\\-kma; amw {]Xnamw {]XoXn
kthW ka, kvtX\-km-a.
C\n B BZn- Xy-\mbn Ggp-hn- [- n- ep kmas D]m- Xy--fn hv t{ijvT-m-cm-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m
kn--Ww. BZn-Xy Fm-btv ]mgpw Htc \ne-bn Ccn-p- Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kma-ns DZvKoYw `Pn-p--h-cm-
p. AXp-sImv kma-am-Ip-p. Fm-hpw ka-\m-Ip- Ip-p.
-Xn-\m kma-am-Ip-p.
Xkvan- n-am\n khm-Wn-`q-Xm-\y-\ z-b-m-\ oXn
hnZymXv; Xky-bXv ]ptcm-Z-bmXv k lnwImcx
XZky ]ithm f \zmb-mkvX kvamt lnw
Iphn; lnw Imc `mPn-t\m-tly-Xky kmav\x
B BZn-Xy-\n Cu `qX- -sfmw A\p-K-X- -fm-bn-cn-
pp Fp a\-n-em--Ww. DZ-b-n\p ap]v Chs
cq]w GXmtWm AXv lnwIm-ca - m-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\m-Ip
kma-ns B cq]-n, ]ip- A\p-K-X--fm-bn-cn-
p-p. AXn-\m ]ip- lnw F i_vZw ]pd-s-Sp-
hn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy-s\p ]d-bp kma-ns lnw
Imcw `Pn-p ioe-ap--Xm-Ip-p.
AX-bXv {]Y-tam-ZntX k{]-kvXmhx
XZ-k y-a-\ pjym
A\zm-b-mkvX kvamt {]kvXpXn Imamx
{]m-h-`m-Pnt\m tlyX-ky-k mav \x
AXp-t]mse BZyw DZn-p-tm D Ahs cq]w
GtXm AXv {]m-hy- am-Ip-p. Ahs B cq]n a\p-
jy A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah kvXpXn
B{K-ln-p--h-cmbpw {]iwk B{K-ln-p--h-cmbpw Ccn-
p-p. Fs-m Ah Cu BZn-Xy-\m-Ip kma-
ns {]kvXmhw `Pn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.
AY-bXv kwK-h-th-embmw k BZnx XZky
hbmwky \zmb-m\n Xkvam-m-\y
--co-tf \m
cw_-Wm-\ym-Zmbm ff m\w ]cn-]-Xn;
BZn-` m-Po\n tlyX-ky-k mav\x
civan-I Hcp-anp IqSp ka-bw, Ahs cq]-tatXm
AXv BZn-bm-Ip- p. Ahs B cq]-n ]n- I A\p-
K-X - -fm-b n-c n-p-p. AXn-\ m Ah BIm-i-n
N P
AY bXv kw{]Xn a[yw-Znt\ k
DZvK oYkv Xtky
tZhm A\zm-b-mkvX kvamt kamx
{]mPm-]-Xym-\ m-ap-ZvKoY `mPn-t\m-tly
Xky kmav\x
EPq-hmb a[ym--n Cu BZn-Xys cq]-ta-tXm,
AXv DZvKo- Y- am- Ip- p. Ahs B cq]-n tZh- m A\p-
K-X-cm-bn-cn-p- p. AXn-\m tZh-m {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A]-
AY b Zqzw a[yw Zn\mXv {]mK-]-cm-lvWmXv
k {]Xn-lmcx XZ-ky-K`m A\zm-b-m-
kvXkvam
t {]Xn-lrXm \mh-]-Zy-t, {]Xn-lmc
`mPn-t \m-tly-Xky kmav\x
D-p-ta A]-cm-- n\p ap]v, Chs cq]- tatXm
AXv {]Xn-lm-c- am- Ip- p. Cu BZn- Xy- cq- ]-amb kmaw B cq]-
n K`- - A\p-K- X--fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn- \m K`-
]ntmw apI-fn-tep ]nSn--s--h-\m-bn-cn-p--
Xp-sIm-v, Iogvt]mp hoWp-t]m-hp-n-. Cu BZn-Xy-\m-
Ip kma-ns {]Xn-lm-c-`n `Pn-p--hb - m-Ip-p.
AYb Zqz-a-]-cm-lvWm-Xv, {]mK-kvX-a-bm-Xv, k
D]-{Zh kvXZky ff cWy A\zm-bm
kvXkvamt
]pcpjw Zrzm Iw iz{`-an-Xyp-]-{Z-hn;
D]-{Zh `mPn-t\m-tly-X-k y-kmav\x
A]-c m- - n\p ta AkvX - a - b - n\p ap]v
bmsXmcp cq]-aptm AXv D]-{Z-h-am-Ip-p. Ahs B
cq]s Ac-Wy-n-ep Pp-p, A\zm-b---
fm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah ]pcp-js\ Inv A`-b-
m-\-sap hnNm-cnv ImSns\ D]- K- an- p-p. Fs-m
kq- cq-]-amb kma-ns D]-{Zhw `Pn- p--h-bm- Ip-p.
AY bX {]Y-am-kvX-antX Xn-[\w
XZky]n-Xtcm f
\zmb--kvam-m-n-Z-[Xn; \n[\
`mPn-t\m-tlyX
ky kmav\x, Ghw Jez-ap-am-ZnXyw k]vX
hn[w kmtam-]mkvtX
AkvX-an-m XpS-p-tm GXp cq]-amtWm D-
Xv, AXv \n[-\-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-cq-]a
- mb kma-ns B
 206

I cq]-n ]nXr- A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m BZn-Xy Chn-sS-\nn Ccp-]-sm- m-a-t-Xm-Ip-p. Ccp- K

]nXr-sf \n[m\w sNp-p. Fs- m Cu BZn-Xy-cq- ]-n-c-m-a-t-Xp-sImv BZn-Xy-\-p-d-ap-Xp {]m]n-p-
]-amb kma-ns \n[-\-`n `Pn-p--Xm-Ip-p. C{]- p. BZn-X y-\-p-da - p-Xv kpJ-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv
Imcw B, BZn- Xy-\mbn Ggp-hn- [-n- ep kmaw Bcv D]m- timI-an-m--Xm-Ip-p.
kn- p-pthm Ah\v B BZn-Xy-\m-bn-o-cpI F ^ew
Bkvtvm]n lm ff ZnXyky Pbw ]tcm
knn-p-p.
lmkym ff ZnXy ky Pbm-tbm `hXn;
b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\m--kw-an-X-aXn
]mw Jw
arXyp k]vXh
- n[w ktam-]mkvtX ktam
Atlm-cm{Xw apX-emb Ime-m PK-ns\ \in-n-
]mkvtX
p--Xp-sImv BZn-Xy arXyp-hm-Ip-p. B arXyp-hns\
IS-bp--Xn-\p kmtam-]m-k\ Cu J-n-ep-v. C{]-Im-c-a-dnv arXyp-hns\ IS-, Ggp-hn-[-n-ep
Cu kmaw, Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah BZn-Xys
AY-J -ezm- -kw-an- Xa
- Xn arXyp-k]vX
Pbw {]m]n-p-p. Ch\v BZn-Xys Pb-n\nv ]c-a-
hn[w kmtam-]m-koX lnw Imc CXn amb Pbw Dm-Ipw.
{Xycw {]kvXmh CXn-Xy-cw XXv kaw.
C\n Bm-hn-t\mSp Xpey-ambn Adn-b-s-n-p-X - pw,
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an-n-p-Xpw Bb Ggp-hn-[-n-ep
kmas D]m-kn--Ww. lnwImcw Fp-Xv aq--c- at\m lnw Imtcm, hmIv{]-kvXm-h, p
ap `n \ma-am-Ip-p. {]kvXmhw Fp-Xp aq-- cpZvKoYx t{im{Xw {]Xn-lmcx {]mtWm
c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. AXv apn-e-t-Xn-t\mSp Xpey-am-Ip-p. \n[-\-ta-XZ- vKm-b{Xw {]mtWjp t{]mXw.
BZn-cnXn Zz-cw, {]Xn-lm-c-C-Xn-N-Xp-c-c a\v lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmv {]kvXm-ha - m-Ip-p.
XX C sslIw, X-aw. Npv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. t{im{Xw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
BZn F `n-\maw c--c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. {]Xn- {]mW \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu Kmb{Xw kmaw, hmv apX-
lmcw FXv \me--c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. {]Xn-lmcw em-bh
- b
- n {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-p.
F-Xn \nv Hc-cw BZn F c--c--fn kb Gh-ta-XZv Kmb{Xw {]mtW-jp-t{]mXw
tN-s-Sp-p. AXp kma-am-Ip-p. thZ, {]mWn-`h
- Xn kh-am-bp-tcXn
DZvKoY CXn-{Xy--ca- p-]-{Zh CXn NXp tPymKv Poh-Xn-a-lm {]P-bm-] -ip-Zn-`h
ccw; {Xn`n-kv{Xn`nx kaw `h-Xn, A Xna-lm Ioym, alm-a\mx kyXv
c-a-h-in-jytX {Xycw X-aw. X{Z -Xw.
DZvKoY saXv aq--c-ap--Xm-Ip- p. D]- {Zhw FXv C{]-Imcw {]mW--fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu Kmb-{X-
\me-- c-ap--Xm-W.v apq--- c-- sImv C{X `n amb kmaw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah {]mW--fp--h-
\ma- cpw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. Hc-cw A[nIw hcp- \m-bn-o-cpw. Fm Bbppw {]m]npw; Dz-e-amb hn[-
p. aq-- c--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-I-bm AXv ka-am-Ip-p. n Pohn-pw. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sf-
\n[-\-an-Xn-{Xy-cw XXv ka-tah `hXn sImpw alm-\ m-b n-o-c p- p. Ion-sImv alm-
\mbnocp-p. alm-a-\- m-bn-cn-Ww FXv Kmb-t{Xm-
Xm\n-lhm GXm\n Zzm hnwKXn ccmWn.
]m-k-Is {hX-am-Ip-p.
\n[\w FXv aq--c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. AXv kaw
Xs- bm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu A-c- Ccp-]-n-
c-m-Ip-p. ]{mw Jw
GI hnwiXym ff ZnXy-am-]vt\m-t\yI A`n-a--Xn-k-lnw-I-tcm, [qtam PmbtX
hnwtimhm CtXm f kmhm-ZntXym k{]-kvXm-thm, Pze-Xnk DZvKotYm f v
Zzmhnw-ti-\-] -c-am-Zn-Xym- -b-X n, Kmcm-`-hn k {]Xn-lm-c, D]
XmIw XZzn timIw. imay-Xn-X-n-[ -\w, kwim-ay-Xn-X- n-[\w
Ccp-]s
- m-p-sImv BZn-Xys\ {]m]n-p-p. Cu GX-{ZYw Xc-au t{]mXw.

N P

I aY\w sNpI F-tXtXm AXv lnwIm-ca - m-Ip-p. \m-bn-o-cp-p. Xs InS- -bn hcp Hcp-h-tfbpw Dt]-
[qaw Dm- IpI F-tX-tXm, AXp {]kvXm- h- am- Ip- p. Pzen- n- -cpXv AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
pI F-tXtXm AXv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. I\-ep-I-fm-bn-o-
cp-I-sb--tXtXm AXp {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip- p. D]-i-an F-
tX-tXm, AXp \n[-\-am-Ip-p. kwi-an F-tXtXm AXv ]Xn- memw Jw
\n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu cYw Xcw An-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-
Ip-p.
k b Gh-ta-X-{ZYw Xc-au t{]mXw
thZ, {_-h-ky-mtZm `hXn
kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv Poh-Xn, alm
{]Pbm ]ip`n `hXn alm Ioym
\ {]Xy An-amNm ta \n jvTothXvXZv{hXw
An-bn {]Xn-jT v n-X-amb Cu cYw Xcs Bcv Adn-
bp-pthm Ah {_-h-a-Zp--h\ - mbpw A- Zm-\-
\mbpw `hn-p-p. Fm Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n- p- p. DPz-
e-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip- -sf-sImpw
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ion-sImv alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
Anv A`n-ap-J-ambncpv Hpw `n--cp-Xv. Imdn-p-
-cp-Xv. CXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
]Xn-aqmw Jw
D]-a-{-btX klnw-Im-tcm, ]-btXk
{]kvXmhx kv{Xobm-kl titXk DZvKoYx
{]Xnkv{Xow kl-titX k{]-Xn-lmcx
Imew-K-Xn Xn-[\w ]cw-K-Xn
Xn-[-\-taX Zzma-tZhyw anYp-t\-t{]mXw
D]-a-{n-pI FtXtXm, AXp {]kvXm-ha - m-Ip-p.
ktm-jn-n-pI F tXtXm AXp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p.
kv{Xotbm-Sp-IqSn ibn F-tXtXm AXv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-
p. ssaYp\w sImp Imew Ign-bp--tXtXm AXv AXp
\n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu hma-tZ-hy-sa kmaw anYp-\-n
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p.
kb Gh-taX Zzma-tZhyw anYp-t\-t{]mXw
thZ anYp\o `hXn anYp-\m-n-Yp-\m
{]Pm-btX kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv Poh
Xn, alm {]Pb ]ip`n `h-Xn,
alm Ioym, \Iw-N\ ]cn-l-tc-Xv.
C{]-Imcw anYp-\-n {]Xn-jvTn-X- amb Cu hma-tZ-hy-
amb kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah anYp-\-ap--h-
\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Hmtcm anYp-\-n\npw km-
\-cq-]-n P\n-p-p. Ah apgp-h Bbppw {]m]n-
p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-smpw ]ip-
- sfsmpw alm-\m-bn-o-cp- p, Ion-sImp alm-
N P
207
K
DZy lnwImc DZnXx {]kvXm-thm, a[yw-Zn\
DZvKotYm f ]cmlvWx {]Xn-lmtcm f kvXw
bn-[\w GXZv _rl-Zm-ZntXy t{]mXw.
DZn-p-hc- p BZn-Xy lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. DZn-X - ns
tij-ap BZn-Xy {]kvXm-h-\-am-Ip-p. a[yw-Zn\w DZvKo-
Y-am-Ip-p. A]-cmlvWw {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. AkvX-a-\-n-
tep Kan-p BZn-Xy \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu _rl-
s kmaw BZn-Xy-\n {]Xn-jT v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
kb Gh-ta-XZv _rl-Zm-ZntXy
t{]mXw thZ tXP-kzymtZm `hXn
kham-bp-tcXn tPymKvPo-h-Xn, alm
{]Pbm ]ip-`n `hXn alm Ioym,
X]w \\n-tXv XZv{hXw
C{]-Imcw BZn-Xy-\n {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu _rl-
s kma-s, Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah tXP-p--
h-\m-bpw, As AZn-p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p. Ah
apgp-h Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. DPz-e-ambn Pohn-
p-p. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sf-smpw
alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p, Ion-sImv alm-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
X]n-p BZn-Xys\ \nn--cp-Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.
]Xn-\ mw Jw
A{`mWn kw-ht klnw-Im-tcm, ta
LmPm-bt k{]-kvXm-thm, hjXn k
DZvKo-tYm, hntZym-XtX kvX\-bXn k
{]Xn-lm-c, DZvKr-lvWmXn Xn-[\w
GXZv ssh cq]w hPt\y t{]mXw.
A{`- Db-cp-p. AXv lnw Imc-am-Ip-p. taLw
Dm-Ip-p. AXp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p. hjn-p-p. AXv
DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. an anp-Ibpw CSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp-
p. AXp {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. ag s]p-p. AXp \n[-\-am-
Ip-p. Cu sshcp-]-sa kmaw ]P-\y-n {]Xn-jvTn-
X-am-Ip- p.
kb Gh-taX ssZzcq]w ]P-t\y-t{]mXw
thZ hncq]mw kp-c]mw ]iq-\-hcp
t; kh-am-bp-tcXn; tPymKvP o-hXn;
alm {]Pbm ]ip-`n`-hXn; alm
Ioym; hjw \n-t-Xv\-Zv{h-Xw.

I ]-\y-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Cu sshcq-]a - mb
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah\v kzcq-]--fm-bpw,
hncq-]
- -fmbpw D ]ip-sf e`n-p-p. Ah apgp-
h Bbp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-
p. Ah {]P-sb-sm-pw, ]ip--sf-smpw alm-
\m-bn-o-cp- p. Ion-sImp alm-\m-bn- o-cp-p.
hjn-p taLs \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
hktm lnwIm-tcm, {Kojvax {]kvXm-thm,
hj DZvKoYx icXv {]Xn-lm-tcm,
tla-tm-\ n-[-\ -taX ssZzcm-P-arXpjpt{]mXw
hkw lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. {Kojvaw {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p.
hj EXp DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. icv {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
tlaw \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu sshcm-P-amb kmaw EXp--
fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
k b Gh taX ssZzcm-P-ar-Xp-jp-t{]mXw
thZ hnc-PXn {]-Pbm ]ip-`n {_
h-tk\ kh-am-bp-tcXn tPymKv
Poh-Xn-a-lm {]Pbm ]ip-`n `hXn
alm Ioyp \n\n-tXv XXv{hXw
Cns\ EXp-- fn {]Xn-jT v n-X-amb Cu sshcm-P-amb
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah {]P-sb-sImpw
]ip--sf- smpw {_-hkw sImpw tim`n- p-p.
apgp-h Bbp-nt\ e`n-p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p.
{]P-sb- smpw ]ip--sf- smpw alm-\m- bn-o- cp-p.
EXp-sf \nn--cp-Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.
]Xn-t\gmw Jw
]rYnho lnwImtcm f cow {]kvXm-thm,
ZyuX-ZvKotYm Znix {]Xn lmcx, k
apt{Zm \n[-\-tatXx iIztmtem
tIjp t{]mXmx
]rYnhn lnwIm-ca - m-Ip-p. A-cow {]-kX
p. tZymhv DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Zop-I {]Xn-lm-ca
kap{Zw \n[- \- am-Ip-p. Cu iIz-cn- I Fp ]d- bp kma-
hn-tijw temI--fn {]Xn-jT v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
k b Gh taXmx iIztm temtIjp
t{]mXm thZ temIo `hXn kh-ambp
tcXn tPymKvPo-hXn alm {]Pbm
]ip-`n`-hXn alm Ioym-tem-Im
\ \ntXv XZv{hXw
N P
208
temI--fn {]Xn-jT v n-X- amb Cu iIz-cn-I Fp ]d- K
bp kma-hn-ti- js Bcv Adn-bp- p- thm, Ah temI-
ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]n-
p-p. Dz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p. {]P-sb-smpw ]ip-
- sf-smpw alm- \m- bn- o-cp-p. Ion-sImp alm-
\m-bn-o-cp-p. temI- sf \nn-- cp- Xv. AXv {hX-am-Ip-p.
]Xn-s\mw Jw
APm lnwImtcm f hbx {]kvXmthm Kmh
DZvKotYm f izmx {]Xn-lmcx ]pcptjm
\n[-\-taXm tchXyx ]ip-jvT-t{]mXmx
AP- lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. Ipdn-bm-Sp-I {]kvXm-h-am-
Ip-p. tKm DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. Aiz- {]Xn-lm-c-am-
Ip-p. tch-Xn-I Fp ]d-bp kma-hn-ti-jw, ]ip--
fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
kb Gh-taXm tchXymx ]ip-jpt{]m
Xm thZ ]ip-am `hXn kh-am-bp-tcXn
tPymKvPo-hXn alm {]Pbm ]ip
`n`-hXn alm Ioym ]iq \
\ntXv XZv{h-Xw.
C{]-Imcw ]ip--fn {]Xn-jTv n-X-amb Cu tch-Xn-I
Fp ]d-bp-, kma-hn-ti-js Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm,
Ah ]ip--fp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah apgp-h
Bbppw {]m]n- p- p. Dz-e - a mbn Pohn- p- p.
{]Psbsmpw ]ip--sf-smpw alm-\m- bn-o- cp-
p. ]ip-sf \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
]sm]Xmw Jw
tema lnwIm-c, kvXIv {]kvXmthm amwk
apZvKo-tYm, f n {]Xn lmtcm, am-\n-[\
taX-Zy-b - -o-b-av tKjvT t{]mXw
temaw lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. XzIv {]kvXm-ha - m-Ip- p.
amwkw DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. An {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p. a
v m-h-am-Ip- \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu bm-b-o-b-sa kmaw tZlm-h-
- m-Ip-p. b-h--fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p.
k b Gh taXy-Zy-m-b-o-b-aw-tKjp
t{]mXw thZmwKo `h-Xn\mw tK\
hnlq-Xn, kh-am-bp-tc-Xn, tPymKv
Poh-Xn, alm {]Pbm ]ip-`n`-hXn
alm Ioym-kw-h-cw aPvtm
\miv\n-bmXv XZv{h-Xw, aPvtm\wiv\obm
ZnXn-hm
 209

I C{]-Imcw tZhm-h-b-h--fn {]Xn-n-X-am-b, bm- Ip-p. k-, Kh-m, ]n-Xr- Ch \n[-\a - m- K

b-o-b-sa Cu kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Ip-p. Cu kma-k-ap-Zmbw kh-nepw {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-
Fm Ah-b -h-epw XnI--h-\m-b n-o-cpw. Ah cn- p- p.
AvK w- s Imv IpSn- e -\ m- b n- o-c p- I - b n- . apgp- h
k b Gh-ta-XXv kma kh-kvan
Bbppw {]m]npw; Dz-e-ambn Pohn-pw. {]P-sb-
smpw ]ip-sf sImpw alm-\m- bn-o-cpw. Ion- t{]mXw thZ kw l `hXn
sImp alm-\m-Ipw. Hcp kwh--c-tv amwkw `n- C{]-Imcw kh-nepw {]Xn-jT
v n-X-amb Cu kmas
-cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Wv. (H-cn-epw `n--cpXv Fp- Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah k-hp-am-bn-o-cp-p.
am-Imw.)
XtZ-j-tmIx
B A- n Xmsg--d-bp a{hpw Dv.
Ccp-] Xmw Jw
bm\n ]-[ m-{Xo-Wn-{Xo-Wn-tX-t`ym\
An lnw Imtcm, hmbpx {]kvXm-h, B Pymbx ]c-a-\y-ZkvXn; bkvXt- ZzZ k
ZnXy DZvKo-tYm, \-{XmWn {]Xn-lm-c, thZ khw khm Zntim _en-akvssalcn
{-am-\n-[ -\-ta-X -{Zm-P\w tZhXm kpt{]m-Xw.
Ap hn[-n aqq-mbn GXmtWm ]d-b-s--Xv,
An lnwIm-c-am-Ip-p. hmbp {]kvXm-h-am-Ip-p. BZn-
Ah-sb-m al--chpw `n-ambpw thsdmcp hkvXp
Xy DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. \-{X- {]Xn-lm-c-am-Ip-p.
C. khm--I-amb Cu kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm,
N{ \n[-\-am-Ip-p. Cu cmP-sa kmaw tZh-X-I-fn
Ah\v Fm Znp-I-fn D- hcpw _en-sIm-Sp-p-p.
{]Xn-jT
v n-X- am-bn-cn-p- p.
k b Gh taX-{Z-P\w tZh-Xmkp kh-a-kvao-Xyp-]m-koX; XZv {hXw XXv {hXw
t{]mXw th ssZh-Xmkm tah tZh Rm kh- hp- am-Ipp Fp D]m-kn--Ww. AXv {hX-
Xm\mw ktemI Xmw knXmw am-Ip-p.
kmbqPyw KXn kh-am-bp-tcXn
tPmKv Poh-Xn, alm {]Pbm ]ip Ccp-] - n-c mw Jw
`n `hXn alm Ioym {_m-W
hn\n kmavt\m hrtW ]i-hy-an-Xyt
\ \ntXv XZv{h-Xw.
cpZv KotYm f \ncpx {]Pm-]-tX,
Cs\ tZh-X-I-fn {]Xn-jT v n-X-amb Cu tcmP-\-sa ncpx tkma-ky, arZp--jWw
kmas Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS
hmtbmx jvWw _e-h-Zn-{-ky,
kmtem-Iy-t-tbm, kam-\-amb sFiz-cy-tmSp IqSn-tbm-
bn-cn-p Ah--tb-tbm, kmbq-Py-t-tbm, {]m]n-p- {Iuw _rl-kv]t- X, c]-[zmw
p. apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]n-p-p. Dzeambn Pohn- hcp-Wky; Xm khm-t\thm ]tk
p- p. {]P- I-sf- smpw ]ip-- sf-smpw alm-\m- bn- thX; hmcpWw tXzh h-tb-Xv.
o-cp-p. {_m-Wsc \nn--cp-Xv. AXp {hX-am-Ip-p.
hn\-tm-Sp-Iq-S n-bX
- pw, ]ip-v lnX-hp-amb
kmas kw_- n Km\w Rm {]mn-p-p. CXv
Ccp- ] - s mmw Jw An-tZ-h\- m-bn-p DZvKo-Y-am-Ip-p. {]Pm-]Xn tZh-\m-bn-
{Xbo-hn-Zym-lnw-Im-c, kv{Xb Cta temIx p DZvKoYw GXp-{]-Imcw BtWm, AXp-t]mse Fp
\nh-Nn--s-Sm--Xm-Ip- p. tkma tZh-X-bm-bn-p
k{]-kvXmthm f n hmbq-cm-ZnXyx k
DZvKoYw kv]jvT-am-bn-p--X m-Ip-p. hmbp tZh-X-bm-bn-
DZvKo-tYm, \-{XmWn hbmwkn p Km\w arZphpw a[p-c-am-bn-p-Xpw BIp-p. C{
aco-Nbx k{]-Xn-lmcx, km Khx tZh-X-bm-bn-p Km\w vWhpw _e-ap-Xpw BIp-
]nXc kv\n-[-\t- a-XXv kma khkvan p. _rl-k] v Xn tZh-\m-bn-p Km\w {Iu-]-n-bpsS
t{]mXw. \mZ-n\p ka-am-Ip-p. hcp-W tZh-\m-bn-p Km\w,
s]mnb Hmns kzc-n\p ka-am-Ip-p. Ah-sbmw
{Xbo hnZy lnwIm- c- am-Ip-p. Cu aqp temI- AXv
Xs {]tbm-Kn--Ww. Fm hcp-W tZh-\m-bn-p--
{]kvXm-hn-p-p. An, hmbp, BZn-Xy Ch DZvKo-Y-am-
Xns\ am{Xw hn--Ww.
Ip-p. \-{X-, ]n-I, civan-I Ch {]Xn-lm-c-am-
N P
 210

I Aar-XXzw tZth`y BKm-bm-\oXv \`n lnXm-h-hy artXym-cm-m\w K

XymKm-tb-Xv, kz[mw ]nXr`y Bimw ]cn-l-c m-WoXn
a\p-tj`y kv XrtWm-ZIw ]ip`yx Rm C{-\n _ew sImSppw Fp-hv Fm kzc-
kzw temIw bP-am-\m-bm-am fpw apg--ap-h - b
- m-bpw, _e-ap--h-bmbpw D-cn--
\ BKmbm \ntXy-Xm\n a\m s-tS--h-bm-Ip-p. Rm {]Pm-]-Xn-v, Ah-\-hs\ Zm\w
sNs Fp hnNm-cn-v, Fm Dujvam-fpw Dn
[ymb {]Wx kvXphoX
{]th-in-n--s-Sm--h-bm-bpw, shfn-bn X-s-Sm--
Rm tZh-mv Aar-XXzw km[n-p- sIm- Sp--s. ]nXr- h-bmbpw hnhrX {]b-Xv\-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw ]d-b-s-tS--h-
v D kz[ Rm BKm\w sN-s. a\p-jyv bm-Ip-p. arXyp- hn \nv Ah- \-hs\ Rm ]cn- l-cn-s
Bisb B Km\w sN-s. ]ip- v ]ppw shhpw Fp hnNm-cn-v, Fm kv]i--fpw, kmh-[m-\-n
BKm\w sN-s. bP-am-\\v kz-tem-Is BKm\w asmcp h-tmSp Ie-cm--h-bm-bn, D-cn--s-tS--
sN-s. bP-am-\\v kz-tem-Is BKm\w sN-s. h-bm-Ip-p. Ahsb D-cn-p-tm Rm Pem-Zn-If - n
F\nv As BKm\w sN-s. Cs\ Ch a\-p- \np _me-msc F-Xp-t]m-se, arXyp-hn\nv Bm-
sImv [ym\np {]am-Zw IqSmsX kvXpXn-p-p. hns\ ]cn-l-cn-s Fv [ym\n-p-Ibpw thWw.
kth-kzc C{ky ff m\x kh Du
jvaWmx {]Pm-]tX cmm\x kth Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
kv]iw artXym-cm-m-\kvXw bZn kztc
{Xtbm [-kvI-m, btm f [yb\w
jq ]me-t`-tX{w icWw {]]tm f
Zm\-anXn {]Y-a, kvX] Gh ZznXo-tbm,
`qhw kXzm {]Xn-h-y-Xo-tXy\w {_qbm-Xv.
{_-Nm N Ipe-hmko XrXob f
Fm kzc-fpw _ew \Ip {]mWs Bm-- Xy-am-m-\am N-Ipte ff hkmZ
fm-Ip-p. Fm Dujvam-fpw {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Bm--fm-
b, kh GtX ]pWy-temIm `hn;
Ip-p. Fm kv]i- fpw arXyp- hns Bm--fm- Ip-p.
C{]- Im-c-a-dn-bp DZvKm-Xm-hns\ kzc- sf kw_-nv Ip- {_-kwtm f arX-Xz-ta-Xn.
s-Sp-p-Ib - m-sW-n Rm C{s\ icWw {]m]n-n-p- [-kI v -- aqm-Ip-p. Ah bw, A[y-b-
v. C{ \ntmSv Dcw ]d-bpw. Fv Ip-s-Sp-n-b- \w, Zm\w Fn-h-bm-Ip- p. Hm- a- tXp kvIhpw cm-
h-t\mSv ]d-b-Ww. a-tXv X]pw BIp-p. aqm-a-t-Xv, BNm-cy-Ip-e-
AY btZy\ aqjvakq ]me-t`-X, {]Pm n hkn-p ioe-ap--h\ - pw, Ah-km-\w-htc Bm-
hns\ BN-cy-Ip-e- n oWn- n-p--h\pw Bb, {_-
]Xnw icWw {]]tm f `qhw kXzm
Nm-cn-bm-Ip-p. Ch-scmw ]pWy-tem-I
- -fp--h-cm-Ip-p.
{]Xn-t]-jy-Xo-tXy\w {_qbmXv; AY {_-n {]hn- p--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p.
btZy\w kv]tijp ]me-t`-X, arXypw
{]Pm]Xn tmIm-\-`y-X-]Xv tXt`ym f
icWw {]]tm f `qhw kXzm {]
ZnX ]vtX`y-kv{Xbo hnZymkw {]m{k-hXv;
Xn[-y-X o-tXy\w {_qbm-Xv.
Xma-`y-X-]Xv Xkym A`n-X-]vXmbm
AXp-t]mse Xs, Dm-Xm-hn-s\, Dujvam-sf kw_- GXm-\y--cmWn kw{]m-{k-hX `q `hx kzcnXn
nv Ip-s-Sp-p-Ib- m-sW-n, Rm {]Pm-]-Xnsb
icWw {]m]n-n-p-v. B tZh \ns kwNq\w {]Pm-]-Xn, temI-sf DtZ-inv [ym\-cq-]-amb X]p
sNpw Fv Ch-t\mSp ]d-bW - w. AXp-t]mse DZvKm-Xm- sNbvXp. A`n-X- ]vX- -fmb Btem-I-- fn \nv {Xbo- hnZy
hns kv]i-\--sf, kw_-nv Ip-s-Sp-p-I-bm-sW- hp. B, {Xbo-hn-Zysb Dt-inv A`n-X-]n-p. A`n-X-]vX-
n, Rm arXyp-hns\ icWw {]m]n-n-p-v. B tZh amb B {Xbo-hn-Zy-bn \nv `qx `qhx kzx Fo A-c-
\ns Zln-npw Fv Ip-s-Sp-p--ht- \mSv ]d-b-Ww. e`n-p.

kth k cmtLm-j-htm _e-htm - Xv; tXt`ym f `nX-]vtX`y HmwImcx

Xm\y-`y-X]
hhym Ct{-_ew ZZm-\oXn; kh kw{]-{k-hXv; XZyYm ip\m khmWn
DujvWmtWm f {KkvXm A\n-ckvXm hnhrXm ]m\n kwXr-m-t\yh taw ItcW
h hyx {]Pm-]tX cmm\w khm hmIv kwXrm Hmw Imw Gth
]cn-`Zm \oXn; kth-kv]im-te-ti\m Zw khw

N P

I Ahsb A`n-X-]np. A`n-X-]X
v --fm-b, B A-c--
fn \nv, Hmw Imcw {]{k-hn-p. B HmwIm-c-cq-]a
- mb
{_w Fn-s\-bp-s - X-m, Fm Ce-Ifpw Ce--
n-\m hym]vX- Bbn-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]mse
Fm hmpw HmwIm-c -m hym]vX- a m-bn-cn-p-p.
CsXmw HmwImcw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
{_ hmZn-t\m-h-Zn bZv hkq\mw {]mXx
kh\w cq{ZmWmw am[yw Zn\w kh\ am`n
Xym\mw N hntiz jmw N tZhm\mw
XrZo-b -k-Z\w
{_-hm-Zn-I ]d-bpp: {]mXx kh-\-sap {]kn--
am-bn-p tXtXm, AXv hkp--fpsS hI-bm-Ip-p. a[ym-
- n-ep kh\w cp{Z-m- cpsS hI-bm- Ip-p. aqm-as p. temI- ns Zzmcw Xpd--tW. \mw sshcm- Py- n-\mbn
kh\w BZn-Xy-m-cp-tSbpw hniz-tZ-h-m-cp-tSbpw BIp-p. At ImW-s.
Iz Xln bP-am-\ky temI-CXn kb-kvXwX
hnZym-XvIYw IpmXv? AY hnZzm IpXv
Atm bP-am-\\v temIw FhnsS? CspXp-
sImv temIw hmn-p-hm- \p D]mbw Bcv Adn-bm-Xn-
cn-p-p-thm, Ah Fns\ bw sNpw? AXn-\m
Adn-n-p--h sN-Ww.
]pcm {]mX-c\p hmI tkym]m-I-c-Wm-L
t\\ Kml-]-Xy-tkym-Zv apJ D]-hniy
khm-khw kmam-`n-Km-bXn: tem 3 I
Zzmc-a-]mhm 3 Wq 33 ]tiy a Xzm
hbw cm 33333 lp 3 av B 33 Pym
3 tbm 3 B 32 CXn.
{]X-c\p hmI-ns Bcw-`-n\p ap]v Kml-]-Xym-
n-bpsS ]nd-In Bbnv hS-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-v, bP-
am-\ hkp- tZh- X-bm-bn-p kmaw A`n-Km\w sNp-
p. temI-Zzmcw Xpd-q. \mw cmPy-n-\mbn Atb
ImW-t.
AY-Pq-tlmXn \tam f tb ]rYn-ho-n
tX, temI-ntX temIw ta bP
am\mb hnssj sshb-P-am-\ky temI
GX-kvay{X bP-am\x ]c-kvXm-Zmbpjx
kzml f- ]-Pln ]cn-L-an-Xyp-tz-n-jXn
Xkvssa-h-khx {]mXx kh\w kw{]bn
A\-cw Xmsg--db - p a{w- sImv tlman-p-p.
hrYnhn temI-n hkn-p-p. An-bm-b, Atv
\a-kI
v m-cw. Pb-am-\-\mb F\n-mbn temIw e`n--tW.
N P
211
CXv bP-am-\-\mb Fs temI-am-W.v bP-am-\-\mb Rm, K
Pohn-Xm-Imew Ignv, Cu temI- n Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW.
kzml! temI-Zzm-c-ns A-f-s, \o-tW. Cs\
]dp Fgp- tp- p. B bP-am-\\v hkp- , {]mXx
kh-\-tmSp kw_- n temIw, sImSp-p-p.
]pcm-am[yw Zn\ky kh-\-tkym-]m-I-cWm
L-t\\ ff o{[n-b-tkym-Z-vapJ D]
hniy kpcu{Zw kam`nKm-bXn tem 3
I Zzmc-a-]mh 3 Wq ]tiy aXzm
hbw sshcm 33333 lp 3 av B 33
tPym 3 tbm 3 B 32 CXn.
am[yw Zn\-amb kh- \-ns Bcw-`- n-\p-ap]v, Zn-
Wm- n-bpsS ]nd-In, hS-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-n- v, bP-
am- \ , cp{Z tZh-X- bm-bn-p kmas A`n-Km\w sNp-
AY-Pq-tlmXn: \tam hmb-th f --co
ntX temI ntX, temIw ta
bPam\mb h; Gj ssh bP-am\m
kytemIx, GXm-kvay{X bP-am\x ]c
kvXmZmbpjx kzmlm f ]Pln ]cnL
anXyp-tzm-n-jvTXn; X kvssacp{Zm am[yw
Zn\w kh\w kw{]-b--n.
A\-cw tlman-p-p. A-co temI-n hkn-
p-- h-\mb hmbp-hn\v \a-kI
v m-cw. bP-am- \-\mb F\n-p-
thn temIs e`n--tW. CXv bP-am-\s temI-am-Ip-
p. bP-am-\\
- mb Rm, Bbp-p-I-gnp Cu temI-
n Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW. kzml, temI-Zzm-c-n-ep hne-
p-XSn \op-p Fp ]d-nv Ah Dm\w sNp-
p. Ah\v cq{Zm a[yw Zn\-n-ep kh\w \evIp-p.
]pcm XrXo-b-k-h\ tkym]m-I-cWm
-L-t \\m f lh-\ob kymZ-vapJ
D]-hn[y k BZnXyw k sshiz-tZhw
kam-`n-Km-bXn: tem 3 I Zzmc-a-]mhm
Z Wq 33 ]tiy-aXzm hbw kzmcm
33333 lp 3 av B 33 Pym 3 tbm B
32''' CXym-ZnXyw; AY sshiz-tZhw:
tem 3 I Zzmc am]mhm 3 Wq 33 ]tiy
aXzm-]bw kzcm 33333 lp 3 av B
33 Pym 3 tbm 3 B 32 ''' CXn 13
aqm-as kh-\-ns Bcw-` - n\p ap]v, Bl-
h-\o-bm-n-bpsS ]nd-In hS-tmp apJ-am-bn-n-cp-v, bP-

I am-\, BZn-Xy tZh-\m-bn-p kma-t-bpw, hniz-tZ-h-
m tZh-X-bm-bn-p kma-tbpw A`n-Km\w sNp-p.
temI-Zzmcw Xpd-p-I, \mw kzcm-Py-n-\mbn Asb
ImWs Fv BZn-Xy tZh-X-bm-bn-p kmaw sNmp-
p. hopw hniz-tZ-h- m tZh-X-bm-bn-p kmaw sNp-
p. temI-Zzm-cs A]m-h-cWw sNbvI. \mw kzcm-Py-n-
\mbn Km\w sNp-p.
AY-Pq-tlmXn \a BZn-tXy-`y
hntez-`ykvO tZth t`ym Znhn nZvt`ym
temI-nZvt`ym temIw ta bP
am\mb hnX 14 Gj ss] bP
am\ky temI GXm-kvay{X ]c-kvXm-Zmbp
jx kzmlm f ]lX ]cn-L-anXyp
tzmn- jvTXn.
CXn-\p-tijw tlman-p-p. Zyp temI-n hkn-p-
-hc- mb BZn-Xy-mm-bpw, hniz-tZ-h - mmbpw \a-
kv-cn-p-p. bP-am-\-\mb F\n-p-thn temIw e`n-
tW. CXv bP-am- \s temI- am- Ip-p. bP-am- \-\mb Rm
Bbpp Ign-v, Chn-sSv Kan-p-am-dm-I-tW. kzml
AK-fs A]-l-\n-s Fp ]d-nv Dm\w sNp-
p.
Xkvam BZn-Xym hntKz-Nt- Zhm
kvXrXobw kh\w kw{]-b-n;
Gj l ssh b kymam{Xmw
thZ, b Ghw thZ b Ghw thZ.
B bP-am-\\v BZn-Xy-mcpw hniz-tZ-h-mcpw aqm-
as kh\w \Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm,
B bP-am-\ b-ns alm-ys Adn-bp-p. b
Ghw thZ Fp cp-{]m-hiyw ]d-n-cn-p-Xv Cu
Aymbw Ah-km-\np Fv ImWn-m-\m-Wv.
aqmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
(hn-i n- -^ -e -{ ]m-] vX n- mbn b hnj- b - fpw bm-Ip-p. bPq-p-I Xs a[p-Ir-p-I BIp-p.
bmwK `qX--fp-am- b, kma- tlm-a-a- t{m-m-\-fpw D]- bPqtZw Xs ]pjv]w BIp-p. B Aar-X- Ap-
tZ-inp Ign-p. kh-b - --fp-tSbpw ^e-cq-]-\mb I BIp-p.
kqcy al-mb {iotbm-Sp-IqSn AXyw Pzen-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-p. kh-{]m-Wn-If - p-tSbpw I- -fpsS ^e-am-
bn-cn-p Cu BZn-Xy-s\, {]Xy--ambn Fm-hcpw D]-
Po- hn- p-p.)
Hmw Aku hm BZntXym tZh-a[p;
Xky Zyu tch-Xnc o\-hw-tim f-cn
a-]q-t]m, aco-Nbx ]p{Xmx
N P
212
Cu BZn-Xy tZh-mv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Ba-[p-hn\v K
tZymhp Xs, Ipdp-sI-bp apf-bm-Ip-p. BImiw a[z-
]q-]-am-Ip-p. civan-I `qa--fpsS Ipn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Xky tb {]mtm-ci - va-bkvXm Ghmky
{]mtNym-a-[p-\mUyx EN Gh a[p-IrX
EtKzZ Gh ]pjv]w, Xm AarXm B]x
B BZn-Xys Ing-tm-p civan-I GXm-tWm,
AXp-Xs Cu a[p-hns Ing-tm-p \mUn-I-fm-Ip-p.
EXp- Xs a[p-Ir-p-I BIp-p. EtKzZw Xs
]qhv BIp-p. tkmaw, BPyw apX-em-bh ]pjv]--fn-
ep Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. EtKzZw F i_vZw-sIm-p-t-in-
p--Xv, EtKz-Z-m-ep Iw BIp-p.
Xmhm GXm EN GX-ar-tKzZ a`yX
]wkvX-kym-`n-X]
- vXk
- yb ikvtXP C{nbw
ho-a-mZyw ctkm f PmbX
An-s\-bp Cu Ep-I Cu EtKz-Zs A`n-X-
]n-p. A`n-X-]n--s AXn\v Ion-bpw, tZl-Zo-]vXn-bpw,
C{n-b-hpw, ho- hpw, BIp ckw Dm-bn. I-n
\np-m-Ip ckw ]d-n-cn-p-p.
XZzyc--Zm-ZnXym a`ntXm f {ibXv;
XZzm GXZy tZX-Zm-ZnXy kytcmlnXw cq]w
bip apX AmZyw hsc- bp-Xv Kan-p. AXv BZn-
Xys Hcp hiv B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys XpSp Cu
cq]w GXmtWm AXv CXm-Ip-p.
cmw Jw
AYtb f ky Zn-Wm-c-iva-bkvXm Ghmky
ZnWm a[p\m tUymbPqw tjyh a[pIr
tXm bqthZ Gh ]pjv]w Xm AarXm
B]x
]ns Chs sXtm- p civan-I GXm-tWm, AXp
Xs BZn-Xy-\m-Ip a[p-hns sXtm-p a[p-\m-Un-
Xm\nhm GXm-\n-bPqw tjyXw bPqth
Za-`y-X]
- ; Xkym-` n-X]
- vXky bi-kvtXP
C{nbw ho-a-mZyw ctkm f PmbX
2 XZzyc ZmZn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ipbXv;
XZzm GX-Zy-tZX ZmZn-Xyky ipw cq]w
Cu bPq-p-I bPqth-Z-hn-ln-X-amb Iw A`n-X-
]n-p. A`n-X-]n--s AXn\v bipw tXPpw C{n-

I bhpw hohpw Am-Zy-hp-am-Ip ckw P\n-p. B I- Zn-I Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu AYhmw-Kn-c-
^- e- am-Ip ckw Kanp; AXv BZn- Xys Hcp hiv B{i- p-I Cu CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-Ws A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-X-
bn-p. BZn-Xys Cu ip-amb cq]w GtXm AXv Cu ]n--s CXn-lm-k- ]p-cm-W-n\v bi-pw, tXPpw C{n-
a[p-hm-Ip-p.
AY-tb fky {]Xy-tm-c-ivab kvXm Ghmky
{]Xy-tm-a-[ p-\mUyx kmam-t \yh a[p-IrXx
kma thZ Gh ]pjv]w Xm AarXm B]x
Xm\nhm GXm\n kmam-t\yXw kma-thZ
a`y X], Xkym-`n-X-]vXky bikvtX P
C{nbw ho amZyw ctkm f PmbtX
XZz--cXv XZm-Zn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ibXv; XZzm
GXZv btZ-X-Zm-ZnXy ky IrjvWw cq]w.
Cu BZn- Xys ]Sn- m- tdmp t]mIp civanI GXm-
tWm, AXv Cu a[p-hns {]Xy-p-If - mb a[p-\m-Un-I
BIp-p. kma- Xs {`a-c- BIp-p. kma-th-Z-
m hn[n--s-Sp Iw ]pjv]w BIp-p. B Aar-
X- Ap-If - m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu kma-,
kma-th-Z-n hn[n-n-p Iw A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-X-
]n- - s AXn\v bi- pw, tXP- pw, C{n-b -h pw,
hohpw Am-Zy-hp-am-Ip ckw P\n-n-p. B ckw
Kan- p. AXv BZn- Xys Hcp hiv B{i-bn- p. BZn- Xys
Cu IrjvW-amb cq]w GtXm, AXv Cu I-^-e-amb
a[p-hm-Ip-p.
\memw Jw
AY-tb-tky-Z-tm-ci
- vab kvXm Ghmtkym
ZotNym a[p-\mUyx AY-hmv Kn ck
Gh a[p-IrX CXn-lmk ]pcmWw ]pjv]w,
Xm AarXm B]x
tXhm GtXm f Yhmv Kock GX-ZnXn
lmk ]pcm-W-a-`y-X-] Xkym-`n-X]vX
ky bi-kvtXP C{nbw ho-a-mZyw
ctkm f PmbX
XZvhy--cXv XZm-Zn-Xy-a-`ntXm f {ibXv
XZzm GXXv btZX ZmZnXy ky]cw
IrjvWw cq]w.
Chs hS-tm-p civan-I GXmtWm Ah Xs
Cu a[p-h ns hS-tm-p a[p \mUn-I -f m-I p- p.
AYhm-hn-\mepw Av Koc-n-\mepw Ip-]n-Sn--s-n-
p a{- Xs {`a-c--fm-Ip-p. CXn-lm-khpw ]pcm-
Whpw ]pjv]-am- Ip-p. I-n {]tbm-Kn- p tkmam-
N P
213
K
bhpw hohpw Am-Zyhpw ck-ambn P\n-p. AXp Kan-
p. AXv BZn-Xys Hcp hiv B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys
Cu Ghpw Idp cq]w GtXm AXv B ckw Xs
-bm-Wv.
Amw Jw
AYtb f tkymm-c-iva-bkvXm Ghmtkym
zm a[p-\mtUym Kplym Gh ff tZim
a[p-IrtXm {_ssh ]pjv]w Xm A
arXm B]x
tXhm GtX Kplym BtZim GX
Xv{_m`y X]; Xkym`n X]vkky
bi-kvtXP C{nbw ho-a-mZyw
ctkm f PmbX
XZz--cmXv XZm-ZnXy a`ntXm f {ibXv
XZzm GXZ btZX ZmZn-Xy-ky-at[y
tm`X Ch.
]ns Chs tatm-p civan- I GXmtWm AXv
Cu a[p-hns taevt]m-p a[p-\m-Un-I BIp-p. cl-
kr--fmb D]-tZ-i- Xs a[p-Ir-p-If - m-Ip-p.
{_w Xs ]pjv]-am-Ip-p. Btkm-am-Zn-I Ap-If - m-
Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu Kply--fmb D]-tZ-i- Cu
{_s A`n-X-]n-n-p. A`n-X-]n--s {_-n\v
bipw tXPpw C{n-bhpw hohpw Am-Zyhpw ck-
ambn Dm- bn. B ckw Kan- p. AXv BZn-Xys\ Hcp hiv
B{i-bn-p. BZn-Xys ay-n GXmtWm Cu tm`n-
p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-Xv AXp Cu ck-am-Ip-p.
tXhm GtX ckm\mw ckx thZmln
ckm kvtXjm-tatX ckmx Xm\n hm
GXm-\y-arXm \ma-ar-Xm\n; thZmly
arXm-kvtX-jmta Xm\y-ar-Xm-\n.
ta]-d {]Im-c-ap tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq-]h - n-ti-j-
ck--fpsS ck--fm-Ip-p. thZ- ck--fm-Ip-p.
tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq- ]-hn-ti-j- , B thZ- -fp-tSbpw AXyw
kmc-`q-X- -fpw BIp-p. An-s\-bp Ch Aar-X--
fp-tSbpw Aar-X- -fm-Ip-p. Fs-m thZ- Aar-
X- -fm-Ip-p. Cu tcmln-Xm-Zn-cq-]- Ahbvpw Aar-
X-- fm-Ip- p.
 214

I Bdmw Jw k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ cp{ZmWm K

XZyXv {]Y-a-a-arXw XZz-k-h-D-]-Po-hy ansshtIm `qtXzt{ ssWh aptJssX
n \map-tJ\; \ ssh tZhm Aiv\n tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr]yXn; k GX
\ ]n_-tyX tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr ]yn. tZh cq] a`n kwhn-itXy Xkvam {Zp]m
ZptZ-X n.
Ah-bn Hm-as AarXw GtXm AXns\ hkp-
An-bm-Ip apJw sImv D]- Po- hn-p- p. tZh-m C{]-Imcw Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp- pthm Ah cp{Z-
Ain-p-n-. ]m\w sNp-n-. Aar-Xs Fm Ic-W- m-cn Hcp- h- s\- tmse Bbn-onv C{-\m-Ip apJw-
-sf-sImpw A\p-`h - n-nv Xr]vX- cm-Ip-p. sImv CtX AarXw Zinp Xr]vX-\m- Ip-p. Ah CtX
cq]w t\mn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]-ns t`mK-n-\mbn
X GX tZh cq] a`n-kw-hn-ity X
Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
kvam {Zp]m Zp Zyn
k bmh ZmZnXyx ]pc-kvXm-Zp-tZXm
Ah Cu cq]w Xs t\mn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w
]m-Z-kvX-taXm ZznkvXm-hZv Zn
A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\mbn Dm- l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
WX DtZ-tXm--ctXm f kvXta-Xmcp
k b GX-tZ-h-a-arXw thZ
{ZmWm tah-Xm-h-Zm-[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw
hkv{X-\m-an-sshtIm `qXzm f n ss\h
]t-X m.
aptJm ss\ XtZ-hm-arXw Zrzm Xr]y
F{X-Im-et- mfw BZn-Xy Ingv DZn--bpw, ]Sn-
Xn. k GX tZh cq] a`n kwhni
mdv AkvX-an--bpw sNp-p-thm, AXns Cc-n-mew
tXy Xkvam {Zp]m-Zp-t`-Xn. sXp- Zn-n DZn- p- Ibpw hS- p- Zn- n AkvX-an- p- Ibpw
Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah hkp--fn sNp-p. A{X- tm- fw- Imew hnZzm cp{Z- m- cpsS B[n-]-Xy-
Hcp-h-s\-tmse Bbn-onv An-bm-I p apJw- tbpw kzcm-Py-tbpw Fm- bn- Spw {]m]n-pw.
sImv Cu tcmln-X-cq-]a - m-Ip AarXw Zinp Xr]vX-
\m-bn- o-cp-p. Ah Cu cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn- p-p.
Cu cq]w A\p-`h - n-p-hm-\mbn Dm-la- p--h-\m-bn-o- Fmw Jw
cp-p. AY-bXv XrXo-b-a-arXw X`m-ZnXym D]
k bmh-Zm-ZnXyx ]pc-kvXm-Zp-tZXm ]m Pohn hcp-tW\ aptJ\; \ ssh
ZkvXta Xm hkv{X\m tah Xmh-Zm[n tZhm Aiv\n \ ]n_-tyX tZhm
]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm arXw Zrzm Xr]y-n.
B hnZzm BZn-Xy Ing-t Znn DZn-bpw ]Sn- aqm-as AarXw GtXm AXns\ BZn-Xy-m hcp-
mtd Znn AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-n-S-tmfw Ws\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m `n-p-n-.
Imew hkp--fpsS B[n-]X - y-t-bpw, kzcm-Py-tbpw ]m\w sNp-n-. Cu cq]-am-Ip Aar-Xs Zinp
Fm-bn-Spw {]m]n-p-p. Xr]vX-cm-Ip-p.
X GX-tZh cq] a`n kwhn-i-ty
Ggmw Jw Xkvam-{Zp]m ZpZyn
AY-bZv ZznXo-b-a-arXw X{Zp{Zm D]Po Ah Cu cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w
ho-t{W aptJ\; \ sshtZhm A A\p-`h
- n-p--Xn-\mbn Dm- l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
iv\n X]n _ty X tZhm-arXw Zr k b GX-tZ-h-a-arXw thZf ZnXym
zmXr-]yn X GX-tZh cq]-a`n kw \manssh tIm `qXzm hcptW ss\h
hnity Xkvam {Zp]m-Zp-Zy-n. aptJss\ XtZ-hm-arXw Zrzm-Xr-]y-Xn
cm- as AarXw GtXm AXv cp{Z-m C{-\m-Ip k GX-tZh cq]-a`n kwhn-itXy
apJw-sImv D]- Po-hn- p-p. tZh- m Ain- p-n; ]m\w Xkvam tZh cq]m Zp t`Xn
sNp-n; Cu AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-cm-Ip-p. Ah
Cu AarXw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah BZn-Xy-m-
CtX cq]w t\mn-sImv kzkvX-cm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu cq]-
cn Hcp- h-s\- tmse Bbn- on- v, hcp- Ws\s apJ-
ns t`mK-n- \mbn Dm-l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
N P

I amn CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-\m-Ip-p. Ah CtX
cq]w t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu cq]w A\p-`-hn-p--
Xn-\p-thn Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
k bmh ZmZntXym Zn-WX DtZtXm
ctXm f kvXta Xm Zzn kvXmhXv ]ivOmZp
t`Xm ]pc-kvXt- aXm ff ZnXym-\m-ta-h Xm
hZm-[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm
F{X-Imew BZn-Xy sXt Znn DZn- bpw hS-t-
Zn-n AkvXa - n-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXns cp-
KpWw Imew ]Sn-m- dp-Zn-bpw Ingv AkvX-an-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. A{X-tmfw Imew Ah BZn-Xyam-cpsS
B[n-]-Xy-sbpw kzcm-Py-tbpw Fm-bn-Spw {]m]n-
p-p.
H]Xmw Jw
AY-b- -Xp-a-arXw X-cpX D]-Po-hn
tkmta\ aptJ\; \ sshtZhm Aiv
\n\ ]n_-tyX tZhm-arXw Zrm
Xr]ynw X GX tZh-cq-]-a-`nkw
hnityXkvam-{Zp-] m-Zp-Zyn
k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ acpXm
ansshtIm `qXzm tkm ta ss\h-aptJ
ss\X tZhm arXw Zrzm Xr]yXn;
k GX tZh cq]-a`n kwhn-itXy
Xkva m-{Zp-]m-Zp-tZ-X n.
kbm-h-Zm-ZnXyx ]m-Zp-t`Xm ]pckvXm
ZkvXt- aXm ZznkvXm-h-Zp--cX Dt`Xm
Zn-WtXm f kvXtaXm acp Xmh Zm[n
]Xyw kzcmPyw ]t-Xm.
\mem-as Aar-X-ta-tXm, AXns\ acp-p-I tkma
s\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m Bin-p-n-.
]m\w sNp-n-. Ah AarXv Zin-nv Xr]vX-m-cm-Ip-
p. Ah CtX cq]s t\mn-sm-n-cn-p-p. Cu
cq]s A\p-`-hn-m-\mbn Dm-l-ap--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
Cu AarXw Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah acp-p-I-fn
Hcp-h-s\- tmse Bbn-onv tkma Xs- bmb apJw-
sImp CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
Ah CtX cq]w t\mn- sm-n- cn- p- p. Cu cq]w A\p-
`-hn-m-\mbn Dm-l-ap-h- -\m-bn-o-cp-p. F{X- Imew h-
BZn-Xy ]Sn-mdv DZn-bpw Ingv AkvX-an-bpw
sNp-pthm AXns KpWw hS- p-Zn-bpw sXv
N P
215
AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Imew B hnZzm acp- K
p-I p-X -s - b p B[n-] -X y-t bpw kzcm-P y-
tbpw Fm-bn-Spw {]m]n-pw.
]mw Jw
AY-bXv ]-a-a-arXw Xm-[ym-D -]-Po-hn
{_Wm aptJ-\, \ ssh tZhm Aiv\n
\]n _tyX tZhm-arXw Zrzm Xr]y-n;
X GX-tZh cq]-a-`n-kw-hn-ity Xkvam-{Zq]m
Zp Zyn.
k b GX tZh-a-arXw thZ km[ym\
ansshtIm `qXzm {_-ssWh aptJ
ss\X tZhm-arXw Zr-]m-Xr-]y-Xn, k
GX tZh cq]-a-`n-kw-hn-itXy Xkvam
{Zp]m-Zp-tZ-Xn.
kbmh ZmZnXy D-cX DtZXm Zn
WtXm f kvXta Xm ZznkvXm hZqz DtZXm
fhm-kvXt- aXm km[ym-\m-ta-h-Xmh
Zm[n-]Xyw kzmcmPyw ]tXm;
Amas Aar-X-tatXm AXns\ km[y-m {_-
s, {_m-hns\ apJ-amn D]-Po-hn-p-p. tZh-m
Ain-p-n-. ]m\w sNp-n-. Cu AarXw Zin-nv
Xr]vX- cm-Ip-p. Cu AarXw Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
km[y-m-cn Hcp-h-s\-tmse Bbn-on-p, {_m-hp-
Xs bmb apJwsImv CtX AarXw Zin-nv Xr]vX-
\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah CtX cq]s t\mn Ccn-p-p.
Cu cq]s A\p-`-hn-p--Xn-\mbn Dm-l-ap--h-\m-bn-
o-cp-p. BZn-Xy F{X-Imew hSv DZn--bpw, sXv
AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNp-p-thm, AXns Cc-n-Imew
Duz-`m-K-n DZn-bpw Xmsg AkvX- an-bpw sNp-
p. A{X-tmfw Imew Ah kmy-mp-X - mb
B[n-]X - y-tbpw kzmcm-Py-tbpw ]cn-K-an-pw.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
AY XX Duz DtZXy ss\ thm
tZXm \mkvXt- a-Xm, GIe Gh
aty mXm; XtZj tmIx
AXn-\p-tijw {_-am-bn- ov Dbnv DZn-m--
\ mbpw AkvXa - s {]m]n-m--h-\m-bnpw GI-e-am-
bnp Xns nXn-s Npw B B \n
CutmIw IqSn Dv .

I \ ssh X{X, \ \ntmN t\mZn-bmb IZm-N\
tZhm-kvtX-\mlw ktXy\ am hncm-[njn
{_-tW-Xn.
B {_-tem-I-n \o tNmZn-p-Xv C. Hcn-epw
kqcy AkvX-an-n-n-. DZn-n-n-. Atbm tZh-mtc!
Rm {_-kz-cq-]- amb B kXy-tmSp hncp--\m-h-cp-tX.
\ lhm Akvam DtZXn \ \ntm-NXn
kIrXv Zn hm ssl hmkvssa `hXn
b GXm tahw {_tm-]-\n-jZw thZ.
C{]Imcw Cu {_tm-]-\n-j- ns\ Bcv Adn-bp-p-
thm, Ah DZn- p- n- . AkvX -an- p- n-. Chv
Ftmgpw ]I Xs.
Xss-XZv {_m {]Pm-]-Xb DhmN
{]Pm-]-Xn-\th a\px {]Pm`yx Xss
XZp-m-e-Imbm f cpWtb tPyjvT- fb]p
{Xmb ]nXm {_-t{]m-hmN
An-s\-bp Cu a[p m\s lnc-Wy-K`
{]Pm-]-Xnv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]Pm-]Xn a\p-hn-\pw, a\p
{]P-Ipw Cu {_-m\w tPyjvT-]p-{X-\mb Acp-
Ws A]-Xy-amb Dm-e-I\v ]nXmhv ]dp sImSp-p.
CZw hmh XPv tPymb ]p{Xmb
]nXm {_ {]{_q-bmXv; {]mWmbymb
hmft-hm-knt\; \m\y-kvssaI kvssa N\
A-s\- bp Cu {_-s-n ]nXm- h,v tPyjvT-\mb
]p{X-t\m, tbmKy-\mb injyt\m ]d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww.
A\y\v Hcp-\pw D]-tZ-in--cp-Xv.
bZy-]ykvam Cam-aZv`nx ]cn-Kr-loXmw
[\ky ]qmw ZZym tZX tZhX
tXm`qb CtXyX tZh-X-tXm-`qb CXn.
Cu hnZym-Zm-Xm-hn\v Pe-m Np-s--Xpw, [\w-
sImp ]qhpw Bb, Cu ]rYnsb sImSp- p-I-bm- sW-
n t]mepw Cu a[p hnZym-Zm\w sNp- Xv AXn- s\-m
A[n-I-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip- p.
]{mw Jw
(]e O-p-I-fp--tm, Kmb-{Xnsbs {_-
m-\-n\v Zzmc-ambn FSp--Xv, Kmb- {Xn- p {]m[m\yw
sImm-W.v kmas sImp-h-cp-Xv Kmb-{Xo-O--n-ep-
, Ep-I sImm-W.v kma-s- sIm-p-h- cp--Xn- \mbn ]d-bp {_w En-\m {]Im-in-n--s-n-cn-p-p.
tZh-m Kmb- {Xn, {Xnp-v, PKXn Chsb \ntbm-Kn-- tm,
PK-Xnbpw {Xnvpw, Xp in-bn-m--Xn-\m,
]IpXn hgn-p-hv aS-n-t]m-bn. Kmb{Xn tkma-ns
ASp--se-n. Imhmsc tXmev]nv AXv tZh-mv
N P
216
sImp-h-p-sIm-Sp-p. DjvWn-v, A\p-jSv pv apX- emb K
ap N- p-I- fpsS A-c-kw- Jy-I-fn Kmb- {Xn-bpsS A-
c-kwJy AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cm-c-W--fm-semw Kmb-
{Xnv b-n {]m[m-\y-ap-v. AXn-\m Kmb{Xn hgn-
bmbn {_w ]d-bp-p.)
Kmb{Xo hm CZw khw `qXw bZnZw
InwN; hmssKz Kmb-{Xo, hmKzm CZw
khw `qXw Kmb-Xn-{Xm-b-tXN
Cu PK-m-bn-cn-p-Xv GsX-m-tam, B `qX-samw
Kmb-{Xn-bm-Ip-p. Kmb{Xn FXv hmm-Ip-p. hmv Cu
`qXs Km\w sNbvIbpw {XmWw sNbvIbpw sNp-p.
bm ssh km Kmb-{Xn, Cbw hmh km, tbbw
]rYnhn; Akymw loZw khw `qXw {]Xn
jvTnXw; GXm tah XmXn iob-tX.
Cu Kmb{Xn GXmtWm AXv CXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Cu
{]nYnhn GtXm AXp Kmb-{Xn- bm-Ip-p. Cu `qX-samw Cu
{]nYn-hn-bn {]Xn-jT
v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXns\ AXn-i-bn-
p- n-.
bm sshkm ]rYn-hn, Cbw hmhkm bZn
Za-kvan ]pcptj ico-cw, Akvan
lota {]mWx {]Xn-jvTnXmx G
\tZh \mXn-io-b-t.
C{]-Im-c-ap ]rYnhn GXmtWm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Cu
icocw GtXm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu {]mW-
Cu ico-c-n {]Xn-jTv n-X-fm- bn-cn-p-p. CXns\
AXn-i-bn- p-n-.
b ssZzXXv ]pcptj icoc anZw hmh-X-Xv,
bZn-Z-ax ]pcp-tj-lr-Zbw; Akvan
lota-{]mWmx {]Xn-jvTnXmx GX-tZh
\mXn- io-b -t.
]pcp- j-\n-ep B icocw GtXm AXv ]pcp- js Dn-
ep Cu lrZ-ba - m-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu {]mW-
Cu lrZ-b - n {]Xn-jvTn-X--fm-bn-cn-p-p. CXv AXn-
{I-an-p-n-.
sskjm NXp-jv]Zm jUzn-[m Kmb{Xo
XtZX ZrNm f `y\qw
An-s\-bp Cu Kmb{Xo \mep-]m-Z - -tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
bXpw Bdp- h n- [ - n- ep-
- X p-
a m- Ip-
p. Cu Kmb{Xo Fp
Xmhm-\ky alnam XtXm Pymbmw
]pcpjx ]tZmfky khm-`q-Xm\n
{Xn]m-Z-kym-arXw Znhn.

I CXv Kmb{Xn Fp ]d-bp-Xv {_-ns aln-ab
Ip- p. ]pcp- j AXn- t\-m al--c-\m-Ip- p. Fm `qX- p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.
fpw Chs \men-semcp `mK-am-Ip-p. Chs aqp-]m-
Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AarXw tZymhn-em-Ip-p.
bssZz XZv {_t-XoZw hmh-X-Xv, tbm bw
_lnm ]pcp-jm-ZmImix, tbm ssh k_
lnm ]pcpjm ZmImtimf bw hmh ktbf
bax ]pcpj BImix, tbm ssh tkmf
x ]pcpj BImtim f bw hmh-ktbm f b
a lrZb BImix, XtZ-XXv ]q
a {]hn ]qm-a-{]-hn\ow {inbw
e`ytX b Ghw thZ.
B {_- sap ]d- Xv GtXm, AXv CXm-Ip- p. ]pcp-
j-\n \np shfn-p Cu BImiw GtXm AXv CXm-
Ip-p. ]pcp-j\p shfnp BImiw GtXm AXv CXm-
Ip-p. ]pcp-js Dn-ep Cu BImiw GtXm AXv
CXm-Ip-p. ]pcp-js Dn-ep Cu BImiw GtXm
AXv CXm-Ip-p. lrZ-b- n-\p-n-ep Cu BImiw
GtXm AXv CXm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp lrZ- bm-Im-i- sap
]d-bp Cu {_w ]qhpw {]hn-p ioe-an-m-
Xpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah\v
]qhpw \mi-an-m--Xp-amb {io e`n-p-p.
]Xn-aqmw Jw
Xky lhm GXky lrZ-bky
]-tZ-h -kp-j
bx, ktbm fky {]mv kpjnx k {]mW, kvX
px, k BZn-Xy, kvXtZ-X-ttPmf
mZy-anXyp ]mknX; tXPkzymtZm `hXn
b Ghw thZw.
Cu {]Ir- X-amb lrZ-b-n\v Ap tZh-Zz-c- Dv.
lrZ-b-ns B Ing-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv {]mW-\m-
Ip-p. AXp Np-m-Ip-p. AXv BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. Cu
{]mW-s\p ]d-bp {_s tXPpw Am-Zyhpw
Fp-hv D]m-kn--Ww.
AY tbm fky ZnWx kpjnx khy-\,
kvXNvt{im-{Xw, k N{-amkvX tZX Nv
Ovdo bi-t-Xyp-]m-koX; {ioam
b i kzo `hXn b Gh thZ.
Cu lrZ- b-ns he-Xp-h-i-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv
hym\-\m-Ip-p. AXv t{im{X- am-Ip-p. AXv N{-a-\-m-Ip-
p. A-s\-b p hym\-s \p ]d-bp {_s
{iosbpw bi-spw hnNm-cnv D]m-kn--Ww. C{]-
N P
217
- m- Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah {iobph\mbpw bi- K
AY tbm fky {]Xyv kpjnx tkmf]m\x
km hmIv tkm fn, kvXtZ-XZv {_h
k-a-mZy anXyp ]mkoX; {_-h
kym-tZm-`-h-Xnb Ghw thZ.
Cu lrZ-b
- ns ]Sn-m-dp-h-i-ap Zzmcw GtXm
AXv A]m- \-\ BIp- p. AXp hmm-Ip-p. AXp An-
bm-Ip-p. An-s\-bp CXv {_-h-k-sapw Am-
Zy-sapw hv D]m-kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-
pthm Ah {_-h-k-ap--h\ - mbpw A\m-Z-\mbpw
`hn-p-p.
AYtbm f tkymZv kpjnx k kam-\,
kvX\x, k]-\y-kvX-tZ-XXv Ion
hypjvTn-t-Xyp-]m-koX; Ion-am
hypn-am `hXn b Ghw thZ.
Cu lrZ- b-ns hS- tm-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv kam-
\ BIp-p. AXv a\-m-Ip-p. ]P-\y AXm-Ip-p.
An-s\-bp CXns\ Ion-sbpw hypjvTn-sbpw
hv D]m-kn--Ww. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah Ion-bp-h - \
- mbpw hypn-bp--h\
- mbpw `hn-
pw.
AYtbm ftkym zx kpjnx k DZm\x, k
hmbpx k BImi tZX tZmP al
tXyp ]mkoX; HmPkzo alkzo `
hXnb Ghw thZ.
lrZ-b-ns taevt]m-p Zzmcw GtXm AXv DZm-\
BIpp; hmbp AXm-Ip-p. An-s\-bp CXns\ HmP-
spw al- spw IcpXn D]m- kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw Bcp
Adn-bp-pthm Ah HmP-kzn-bmbpw al-kzn-bmbpw Xocp-
p.
tX hm GtX ]-{_ ]pcpjmx kzKky
temIky Zzmc]mx, kb GXm-t\hw
]-{_ ]pcp-jm kzKky temIky
Zzmc-]m thZmky Ipte hotcm Pmb
tX {]Xn-]-ZytX kzw temIw b
GXm-t\hw ]-]p-cp-jm kzKky
temIky Zzmc-]m thZ
Cu Ap {_-]p-cp-j-m kz-am-Ip temI-
ns Zzmc-]m-e-I-cm-Ip-p. kz-am-Ip temI-ns
Zzmc-]m-e-m-cmb Cu Ap ]pcp-j- msc Bcp D]m-kn- p-
pthm Ahs Ipe-n hoc-\mb ]p{X P\n-pw.
kz- am-Ip temI-ns Zzmc-]m-e-m-cmb Ap {_-
 218

I ]p-cp-j-msc Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah kz-am-Ip Bm flr-Ztb fWobm {hotlm K

temIw {]m]n-pw. bhm Zzm k-]mZzm imam-ImZzm iymam
AY bZXx ]tcm Znthm tPymXnZo IX-p-emZzm; Gja Bm f
]ytX hnizXx ]rjvtTjp khXx lrZtb Pymbm ]rYnhy Pymbm-\n
]rjvtT-j z-\p--ta-jvT--tajp temtI cnm-ym-b Znthm Pym bmt\
jznZw hmh-XZv bZn-Z-ax ]pcptj t`ym temtI`yx
tPymXnkvX ssky jmZr-n ss{X XZkvan lrZ-b-]p--coI a[y-n-ep-, Fs Cu Bmhv
RvOcotc kw kv]ti-t\mjvWn am\w hn at\m-a-b\pw {]mW-\m-Ip ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw,
ssNX-\y-e--W-amb cq]-tmSp IqSn- b-h-\pw, kXy--
Pm\mXn; X ssky jm {ipXn ss{X-XXv
fmb k-e] v - -tfmSp IqSn- b-h-\pw, BImiw t]mse-bp
Im-h]n Krly \n\-Z-an-h-\-ZY- q-cnhm kzcq-]-tmSp IqSn-b-h\ - pw, kh-e-P-K-p-am-Ip I-
tcn hPz-eX D]-ir-tWmXn XtZ tm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\pw tZmj-c- ln-X--fm-b, Fm Ima--tfm-
Xrw N{ipXw tNXyp-]m-koX Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, kpJ-Ic - --fmb Fm K--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
Npjyx {iptXm `hXn b Ghw thZ. b-h-\pw, kzmZp--fmb Fm ck--tfmSpw IqSn-b-h\pw
Cu PK-ns\ Fmw A`n-hym-]n-n-cn-p--h-\pw, hmv{Zn-
BZyp-tem-I-n \np ]c-am-bn, hniz-n\pw ]rjvT- b-an-m--h-\pw, kw{`-a-an-m--h\pw BIp-p. Ah
n, AXm-bXv kh-n\pw apI-fn D-a--fmb {holn-sb-mfpw bh-s-mfpw ISp-In-s\-mfpw Nma-
temI- - fn bmsXmcp tPymXnv Zo]n-p-- Xp- t]mse Ccn- sb-m-fpw, Nma-b-cn-sb-mfpw AWp-X-c-\m-Ipp! lrZ-b-
p-pthm AXv CXm-Ip-p. Ftm ico-c-kw-k] v iw a-y-n-ep Fs Cu Bmhv ]rYn-hn-sb-m al-
sImv NqSns\ Adn-bp-pthm Atm AXv ]pcp-js
-c-\m-Ipp; A-co--t-m al--c-\m-Ipp;
ay-n-en-cn-p tPymXn-ns Zi-t\m-]m-b-am-Ip-p.
tZymhn-t\-m al--c-\m-Ip-p. Cu temI--sf-m
Ftm C{]-Imcw I- sf AS-nv cY-tLmjw
al-- c-\m-Ip- p.
t]mse-bp i_vZw t]msebpw Pzen-p An-bpsS
i_vZw t]msebpw tIp-pthm Atm CXv AXns kh-Im kh-Imax kh-Kx
{ih-tWm-]m-b-am-Ip-p. An-s\-bp Cu tPymXn-ns\ kh-ckx kh-an-Z-a-`ymtm fhmIy
Zr-sapw {ipX-sapw IcpXn D]m-kn--Ww. Cs\ \mZc Gja Bm flr-Zb
Bcv D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah Zi-\o-b-\mbpw hn{ip-X-
GXZv {_ss XanXx t{]Xym`n
\mbpw Xocp-p.
kw`-hn-Xm-kvaoXn bky kym Zm \
hnNn-Inm fkvXnXn lkvam ffl im
]Xn- memw Jw
neyx imneyx
X-em\w CZw-khw Jep {_-CX - n-imx
lrZ-b-a - y- n-e p Fs Cu Bmhv kh-
D]m-koX kx {IXpw IphoX AY Jep Imhpw kh-Im-a\pw kh-K-\pw kh-c-k-\pw, Cu
]pcpjx {IXp-abx ]pcpjx Akvantem PK-ns\ Fmw A`n hym]n-n-cn-p--h\ - pw, hmn-m-
tI bYm-{IXpx CXx t{]Xy-X-Ym-`-h-Xn. -h\pw kw{`-a-an-m--h\pw BIp-p. CXp {_-am-Ip-
p. Cu tZl-n \nv hnp t]mbnv Rm Bm-hm-
B {_-n \np P\n-p--Xpw, AXn Xs
bn-o-cpw. CXv \n-b-am-W.v CXv Bv kXy-ambn Dm-
ebn-p--Xpw, AXn tNjvTn-p-Xpw Bb Cu PK-
bn-cn-p-p-thm, kwibw Dm-bn-cn-p-n- tbm Ah
smw {_s cmK-tZz-jmZn tZmj- IqSmsX D]m-
AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cuiz-c-`m-hs {]m]n-pw. Cs\
kn--Ww. Ah C-s\-bm-Wv, asmcp hn[-n-e
imn-ey F Ejn ]d-n-cn-p-p.
Fp \nbw sN-Ww. Poh A[y-hk - m-b-kz-cq-]-
\m-Ip-p. ]pcp-j Cu temI-n GXp hn[-n-ep
A[y-h-km-b-tm-Sp-Iq- Sn-b- h-\m- bn-cn-p- pthm Ah Cu
]Xn-\ mw Jw
tZlw acn-nv An- s\-bm-bn-o-cp-p.
A-co-tm-Zcx tImtim `qan-_pvt\m
at\m-abx {]mW-i-cotcm `mcp]x k
\ Po-Xn, Zntim lyky-{k-tbm
Xyk-ev] BIm-imm kh-Im
Zyuc-tkym-cw hnew; k Gj tImi
kh-Imamx kh-Kx kh-ckx
h kp[m\ kvXkvan hniz-anZw {inXw.
kh-an-Z-a-`ymtm fhmIy \mZw Gja
N P
 219

I A-co-- am-Ip DZ-c-tmSp IqSn-b-Xpw, `qan-bm-Ip Cu PK-m-bn-cn-p-Xv GsX-mtam A-s\-bp K

aqe-tmSp IqSn-bX
- pw, Bb `m-c-sn \in-p-n-. Cu `qX- sa- mw {]mW BIp- p. AXn- \m {]mW {]]tZy
Cu tImi-ns tImW- Znp-I-fm-Ip-p. CXns Fv hm- hmb Rm ]d-Xp GtXm AXp- sImv B
apI-fn-es kpjncw tZymhm-Ip-p. Cn-s\-bp Cu {]mW-s\-s Rm icWw {]m]n- n-cn-p-p.
tImiw [\w hbvp--Xm-Ip-p. BtIm-i-n-\p-n,
AY bZ-thmNw `qx {]]Zy CXn, ]rYnhow
{]mWn-I-fpsS I- ^-e-samw nXn sNp-p.
{]]tZy fcow {]]tZy Znhw {]]
Xky {]mNo-ZnKv Pqlqma kl-am\ \ma
tZy CtXyh XZ thmNw
Zn-Wm, cmn, \ma {]Xo-No, kp`qXm
`qx {]]tZy Fv Rm ]d-t- XtXm AXpsImv
\mtam ZoNn; Xmwtkm hmbphwx, kb
]rYn-hnsb Rm icWw {]m]n-p-p. A-co-s
GX-tahw hmbpw Znimw hw thZ \ icWw {]m]n-pp Fpw tZymhns\ icWw {]m]n-
]p{Xtcm Zw tcmZnXn; tkm flta Xtahw pp Fpw Xs BWv Rm ]d--Xv.
hmbpw Znimw hw thZ; am ]p{X-tcmZw cpZw AY bZ thmNw `phx {]]Zy CXynw {]]tZy
B tImi-ns Ingt Znv Pqlp Fp t]cp-- hmbpw {]]Zy BZnXyw {]]Zy CtXyh
Xm-Ip-p. sXt Znv kl-am-\, Fp t]cp--Xm-Ip-
XZ-thm-N w.
p. ]Sn-m-sd-Znv cmPn Fp t]cp--Xm-Ip-p. hSt
Znv kp`qX Fp t]cp-- Xm- Ip- p. hmbp BZn-p-I-fpsS ]ns `qhx {]]tZy Fv Rm ]d--tXtXm AXp-
hkvX-\m-Ip-p. Cu hmbp-hns\ Znp-I-fpsS h-\mbn sImv Ansb icWw {]m]n-pp Fpw hmbp-hns\
]p{X\v ZoL-Po-hn-X- am-{K-ln-p--Xmbn Bc-dn-bp-pthm icWw {]m]n-pp Fpw, BZn-Xys\ icWw {]m]n-
Ah ]p{X \nan--ap tcmZ\w tcmZn--bn-. As\ pp Fpw Xs- bmWv Rm ]d--Xv.
]p{X\p ZoL-Po-hn-X-an-n-p Rm Cu hmbp-hns\ AY bZ-thmNw kzx {]]Zy CXyr tKzZw
Znp-I-fpsS hkvX-s\v Adn-bp-p. Rm]p-{X \nan--
ap tcmZ-\w-sImp tcmZn--cp-X.v
{]]tZy bPqthZw {]]tZy kma-thZw
{]]Zy CtXyh XZ-thmNw
Acnw tImiw {]]tZy ap\m
""kzx {]]tZy'' Fv Rm ]d--tXtXm AXp-sImv
fap\m fap\m, {]mWw {]]tZyf
""EtKz-Zs'' Rm icWw {]]n-p-p. ""bPqth-Zs''
ap\m fap\m fap\m, `qx {]]tZy
Rm icWw {]m]n-p-p. ""kma- th-Zs'' Rm icWw
fap\m fap\m fap\m, `qhx {]]tZy fap\m {]m]n-p-p. Rm ]d-Xv CXm-W.v
fap\m fap\m, kzx {]]tZy fap\m
fap\m fap\m
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
]p{X\v ZoLm-bpv B{K-ln-p--h, ss{Xtem-
Iys Hcp `m-c-s-n-bmbpw {]tXyI \ma--tfm-Sp-Iq- ]p{Xs Bbp-n-\p-th-n-bp D]m-k-\hpw P]-hp-
Snb AXns \mep-Zn-p-Is - fbpw kv{XoI-fmbn k-e]
v nv amWv CXp-hsc ]d--Xv. C\n X\np Xs ZoL-Po-hn-
B Znp-I-fp-am-bp kw_--m hmbp-hn-s\, B X-n-\p-th-n-bp D]m-k-\bpw P]hpw ]d-bp-p. Pohn-
Znp-I-fpsS ac-W-an-m h-\mbn Nnn--W-sa-p- n-cp-m-et ]p{X apX-emb ^e- A\p-`h - n-m
Xv {]Y-tam-]m-k-\-am-Ip-p. ChnsS AXns Bva-b- Ign-b q.
amb P]s ImWn- p- p. ]p{Xs \mas aqp XhW ]pcptjm hmh bx Xky bm\n
]pd-bp--Xm-Wv. Aap-\m, Aap-\m, A ap\m F-Xv. Rm NXphnw-iXn
C ]p{X\v ZoLm-bp- p- m-Ip-hm thn, \mi-an-m
hjmWn XXv {]mXx kh\w NXp
tImis icWw {]m]n-p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn
{]mWs\ icWw {]m]n- p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn `qtem- hnwiXy cm Kmb-{Xo, Kmb-{Xw,
Is icWw {]m]n-p-p. Cu ]p{X-\p-thn kztem- {]mXx kh-\w, XZky hkthm \zm
Is icWw {]m]n-p-p. Fm-bn-Spw ap{- ap-\- \maw bmx {]mWm hmh hkh GtX
aqp XhW ]d-bpp.
loZw khw hmk-bn
k bZ thmNw {]mWw {]]Zy CXn, ]pcp-j Xs b-am-Ip-p. Ahs BZys
{]mtWm hm CZw khw `qXw Ccp-]- n-\mep hj- GXmtWm AXv {]mXx kh-\-
bZnZw Inw N Xtah XXv {]m]n. am-Ip-p. Kmb{Xn Ccp-]-n-\m-e-- c-ap--Xm-Ip-p. {]mXx

N P

I kh\w Kmb{Xn O-m-bn-p--Xm-W.v Cu ]pcp-j-\m-Ip
b-ns B{]mXx kh-\s hkp- A\p-K-X-cm-
bn-cn- p-p. hkp- {]mW- Xs- bm-Wv. Cu {]mW-
CXns\ Fmw hkn-n-p-p.
Xw tNtZ-X-kvan hbkn Inw NnZp-]Xv
t]Xv, k{_q-bmXv {]mWm hkh CZw
ta {]mXx kh\w am[yw Zn\w kh\
a\pkw X\p-tXXn; am f lw {]mWm\w
hkq\mw aty btm hntem-]vko-tbXn;
Dss-h-XX GXy-KtZm l `h-Xn.
b-ambn km-Zn--s-n-cn-p B ]pcp-js\
{]mXx kh-\-ambn k--am-bn-cn-p hb-n ac-W-i- cn- p- p. BZn- Xy- m {]mW Xs- bm- Wv. Fs- m
m-Im-c-W-amb hym[n apX-emb Fs- nepw D]-X- ]n--bm- Cu {]mW- CXns\ Fmw BZm\w sNp-p.
sW-n, bkw]m-Zn-bmb ]pcp-j P]n- -W w.
Atbm {]mW--fm-Ip hkp-sf CXv Fs {]mXx
kh-\-am-Ip-p. am[yw Zn\-amb kh-\s A\p-k-m\w
sNp-hn. b-amb Rm {]mW--fm-Ip hkp--
fpsS \Sp- hn hv hntem-]n-- cp- Xv. B D]-Xm-]-n \nv
DZvK-an-p-p. tcmK-hn-ap--\m-bn-o-cp-p. CXv Xo-bm-
Wv.
AY-bm\n NXp-kvO-Xzmcnw iZzjm-Wn, X
m[yw Zn\w kh\w; NXp--Xzm-cnwi
Z-cm-{Xn-p]v; ss{Xp` am[yw
Zn\w kh\w; XZky cp{Zm A\zm-bmx,
{]mWm hmh cp{Zmx, GtX lnZw
khw tcmZ-b-n.
\mev]Xp hj- Ghtbm AXv a[yw Zn\-amb kh-
\-am-Ip-p. {Xnnv F Ov \mev]-n-\m-e - - c-ap--
Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns kh-\s cp{Z-m
A\p-K-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. cp{Z-m {]mW- Xs-bm-W.v
Cu {]mW- Cu {]mWnPmXs Ic-bn-p-p.
Xw tNZ-kvan hbkn InwNn-`p-]-X-t]Xv
k{_q-bmXv: {]mWm cp{Zm CZw ta
amyw Zn\w kh\w XrXob kh\
a\pkw X\p-tX-Xn, am flw {]mWm\mw
cp{ZmWmw at[y btm hntem]vko
tbXn; Dssh XX GXy-KtZm
l `h-Xn.
b-ambn km-Zn--s-n-cn-p ]pcp-js\ ayw-
Zn\ kh-\-Im-e-n, hym[n apX-emb Fs- nepw D]-X-
]n-n--bm-sW-n Ah P]n--Ww. {]mW--em-Ip
cp{Z-msc CXv Fs am[yw-Zn-\-amb kh-\-am-Ip- p. XrXob
kh-\s A\p-k--]n-q. b-amb Rm {]mW--
fm-Ip cp{Z-m-cpsS a[y-n hv hntem-]n--cp-Xv.
N P
220
AXn\n-v, B D]-Xm-]-n \nv Db-cp-p. AK-Z-\m- K
bn-o-cp-p. CXv Xo-bm-Wv.
AY-bm-\ym NXzm-cnwi ZzjmWn XXv
XrXob kh\w Am-N-Xzmcnwi Z
cm PKXo; PmKXw XrXob kh\w;
XZky ffZnXym A\zm-bmx {]mWm
hmh ffZnXym GtX loZw kh-am-Z-Z-tX.
\mev]-sp hj- GXmtWm AXv XrXo-bk - -h-
\-am- Ip-p. PKXn F Ov \mev]- s--- c- ap aqm-
as kh\w PK-Xnsb kw_-n-X - m-Wv. Cu ]pcp-j-b-
- ns B XrXo- b - k - h \w BZn- X y-m A\p-K-X-cm-bn-
Xw tNtZ-X-kvan hbkn Inw NnZp]
Xt]Xv k {_qbmXv: {]mWm B
ZnXym CZw ta XrXob kh-\-am-bpc
\p kw X\p-tX-Xn. am flw {]mWm\m
amZnXym \mw at[y btm hntem]vko
tbXn; Dssh XX GXy-KtZm l `h-Xn.
B ]pcp-js\ HSp-hn-es \mev]-s-p-hj-n
hym[n apX-emb Fs-nepw D]-X-]n-n--bm-sW-n
Ah P]n--Ww. {]mW--fm-Ip BZn-Xy-msc Fs
Cu aqm-as kh-\a - m-Ip Bbp apgp-h-\m-q.
b-amb Rm {]mW--fm-Ip BZn-Xy-m-cpsS a[y-
nhv hntem-]n--cp-Xv. Ah B D]-Xm-]-n \nv
Db-cp-p. Ah tcmK-hn-ap--\m-bn-o-cp-p.
GX kva XZzn-Zzm-\ml aln-Zmk
sFX-tcbx, k Inw a GX-Zp]
X]kn tbm fla t\\ \ t{]jym
aoXn; kl-tjm-Uiw hj iXa
PohXv; {]ml, tjmUiw hj-iXw
PohXn b Ghw thZ
An-s\-bp Cu b-Zi-\s Adn-n-p
CX-c-bpsS ]p{X-\mb aln-Zm-k ]dp: Rm \o
sNp D]-Xm-]w-sImv acn--b n-. An-s \-bp
F\nv \o Fn\p D]- {Zhw Dm- pp. aln- Zm- k \qn-
- Xn- \m- dp- hjw Pohn- p. C{]- Imcw b- kw- ]m- Z-\s Adn-
bp ap- -h\pw Cns\ \qn--Xn- \mdp hjw Pohn-w.p
]Xn-t\gmw Jw
k bZ iojXn bXv ]n]m-kXn b
catX Xm Bky Zomx
 221

I B ]pcp-j Ain-p-hm-\n-n-pp F-tX-tXm, DZzbw Xa-kk - v]-cn-tPymXnx ]iy-D K

]m\w sNbzm-\n-n-pp F-tX-tXm, can-m-Xn-cn-p-- cw kzx ]iy Dcw tZhw
tX- tXm, Ah Chs Zo-bm-Ip-p.
tZh{Xm kqcy-a-K tPymXn-cp-a
AY bZ-iv\mXn bXv ]n_Xo anXn tPymXn-cp- -a-an-Xn.
b{Z-atX XZp-]k ssZtcXn
Am-\ -e--W -amb Xa- n-\ - p-d w, BZn-X y-\n
Ain-p-Xp bmsXm-mtWm can-p-Xv bmsXm-m- nXn-sN-p-, tPymXn-ns\ Ip-sImv ap tPymXn-
tWm AXv D]-k-p--tfmSv kam-\X {]m]n-p-p. p-Isf Dt]-nv DIrXc-amb \psS lrZ-b - n-
ep tPymXn-ns\ Ip-sImv Fm tZh-m-cnepw
AY b-kXn b-Xn bssYp
tZh\pw tPymXn-p-If - n hp--a-\p-amb kqcys\ \mw
\w NcXn kvXpX-ikv{X tch XtZXn. {]m]n-n-cn- p- p.
lkn-p-Xp bmsXm-tm, `n-p-Xv bmsXm-tm
ssaYp\w sNp-Xv bmsXm-tm AXv kvXpX ikv{X--
tfmSp kmayw {]m]n-p-p. ]Xn-s\mw Jw
AY-bXv Xt]m-Zm\ amP-h-a-lnwkm at\m {_t-Xyp-]m-kosX Xy[ymw
kXy-h-N-\a
- n-XnXm Aky ZnWmx AYm\n ssZhX amImtim {_tXn
D`-b-am-Znw `h-Xy-[ymw Nm[n ssZh-aXw
X]-,v Zm\w, EPq-Xzw, Alnw-k, kXyw ]d-bp-I, Fp-
-tXtXm Ah Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns Zn-W -I - a\v {_-am- Ip- p. Fp IcpXn D]m- kn--Ww. B-
fm-Ip-p. hn-j-b- I-amb Zi-\w, tZh-Xm-hn-j- b-amb Zi-\w, ]d-bm
t]mIp-p. BImiw {_-am-Ipp Fp hnNm-cnv D]m-
Xkvam-Zmlqx tkmjy-Xy-tkm-tXn; ]p
kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw A[ym- hpw A[n-ssZ-h-Xhpw cpw
\cp ]mZ\ tahm kyXXv; acWtahm ]ZrYx D]-tZ-in--s- n-cn-p-p.
AXp-sImp khnpw Fpw khnp Fp ]d-bp- XtZX Xp-jv]mZv {_, hmIv,
p. AXv Cu ]pcp-j-b--ns ]p\-cp]m-Z\w Xs-
]mZx {]mWx ]mZ-px ]mZx
bm-Ip-p. acWw Xs b-]-cn-k-am-]X
v n-bm-Ip-p.
t{im{Xw ]mZ CXy-[ymw AYm[n
Xss-XZv tLmc Bv Knckx
ssZhXw: Anx ]mtZm hmbpx ]m
Ir-jvWmb tZhIo ]p{Xmtbm tzm
Z, BZnXyx ]mtZm Znix ]mZ CXyp
hmN; A]n-]mk Gh k _`qhm;
`b-tahm ffZnw `hXy [ymw ssN
tkm fth-em-bmta XXv{Xbw {]Xn-]tZy
hm[n ssZhXw N.
X: An-X -a-ky-Nyp-X-akn {]m-Wk
- win
An-s\-bp Cu {_w \mep-]m-Z--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-
Xa-koXn; Xss{XtX tZz ENu `hXx
Ip-p. Cu ]mZw hmm-hp-p. Hcp ]mZw {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
Cu b-Zi-\s Av Knc-ns tKm{X-n- Hcp ]mZw Np-m-Ip-p. Hcp ]mZw t{im{X-am-Ip-p. C\n
ep tLmc tZh-Io-]p-{X-\mb IrjvW\v ]d-p-sIm-Sp- A[n-ssZ-hXw ]d-bm t]mIp-p. Hcp ]mZw An-bm-Ip-
n- p-v. IrjvW ]n]mk Cm--h-\mbn `hn-p. C{]- p. Hcp ]mZw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. Hcp ]mZw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p.
Im-c-ap bw Adn-bp--h ac-W-Im-e-n Cu Hcp ]mZw Znp-I-fm-Ip-p. Cns\ A[ym-hpw A[n-
aqp a{hpw P]n-Ww: \o AnXw BIp-p. \o ssZ-h-Xhpw cp hn[-nepw NXp-jv]m-mb {_t
kzcq-]-n\p \mi- an-m- -Xm-Ip-p. \o {]mW\pw kqva- D]-tZ-in-p-p.
X-z-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu A-n Xmsg--d-bp cv
hmtKh {_W Xp ]mZ
Ep-I Dv.
tkm fn\m tPymXnjm `mXn N
BZnXv {]Xv\ky tcXkx ]iyn
Xh\n N `mXn N X]-XnN Io
hmkcw ]tcm bZn-[y-tX-Znhn
ym bikm {_-htk \b
{]Xv\-amb PK- Zv_o- P-ns ]It]m-se- bp tPymXn- Ghw thZ.
ns\ {_-hn-p-I Fm-bn-Spw ImWp-p. B
tPymXnv ]c-ambn tZymX-\a - p ]c-{_--n {]Im-in- a\-m-Ip {_-ns \mem-as ]mZw hmp-X-
p-p. s-bm-Ip-p. B ]mZw An-bm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv

N P

I {]Im-in-p-Ibpw Xm]s Dm-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-
Imcw Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah Ion-sImpw bi-
p-sImpw {_-h--kw sImpw Zo]n-bpw X]n-p-
Ibpw sNp-p.
{]mW Gh {_-W--Xpx ]mZx
khm-bp\m tPymXn `mXnN X]-Xn-N,
`mXn-N, X]-XnN Ioym bikm
{_ h k\ b Ghw thZ
a\-m-Ip {_-ns \mep ]mZ-- fn Hv {]mW-
\m-Ip-p. B hmZw hmbp-hm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]n-
bpw X]n-bpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-
pthm Ah Ion- sIm-pw, bi-p-sImpw {_-
h-kw-sIm-pw, Zo]n-p-Ibpw X-]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Np-tch {_-W--Xpx ]mZx
k BZn-tXy\ tPymXnjm `mXnN
X]Xn N; `mXn N X]Xn N
Ioym bikm {_-h-tk-\b
Ghw thZ.
{_- ns \mep- ]m- Z--fn Hv Np-m-Ip-p. B
]mZw BZn-Xy-\m-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]n-bpw X]n-
bpw sNp-p.
t{im{X-tah {_-W--Xpx ]mZx, kZn
KvZn tPym Xnjm `mXn N X]Xn N; `mXn
N ]X]n N Ioym-b-im {_-h
tk\ b Ghw thZ.
a\-m- Ip {_-ns \mep- ]m-Z-- fn Hv t{im{X-
am-Ip-p. B ]mZw Znp-I-fm-Ip tPymXn-p-sImv Zo]n-
bpw X]n-bpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-
pthm Ah Ion-sImpw bi-p-sImpw {_-
h-ckw sImpw Zo]n-bpw X]n-bpw sNp-p.
hnZym-^ew Fm-bn-Spw Xpey-am-Ip-p. AZr--^ew
{_-kw-] - n- bm-Wv.
]sm]Xmw Jw
BZntXym {_tXym tZix
Xtkym] hymJym\wx
Ak tZth Z a{K AkoXv; XXv kZm-koXv;
XXv ka-`h - Xv; XZmw \nc hX;
XXv kwh kcky am{Xm-a-ibX; Xn
c`n-ZyX; X BI ]mte cPXw
N kphw Nm`-h-Xmw.
N P
222
K
BZn- Xy {_- am- Ipp Fv D]- tZ-in-p-p. B BZn-
Xys\ D]-hym-Jym\w sNp-p. CuP-K-smw D]-
np ap]v Ak-p-t]mse Xs Bbn-cp-p. AXv
km-bn-op. AXp kw`-hn-p. AXv A-am-bn-
op. B Aw Hcp kwh--c-tm-f-ap Imew
InS-p. s]mn ap-tm-Sp-I cP-Xhpw kph-hp-am-bn-
Xop.
XZy{Z PXw tkbw ]rYn-hn, bXv kphw
km Zux b-cmbp tX ]hXmx bZpev_w
k tatLm \olmtcm; bm [a\ bkvXm \
tZym; bZzm-kvtXb apZIw k kap{Zx
bmsXmcp I]mew cP-X-am-bn-opthm AXv Cu
]rYn-h n- b m-I p- p. bmsXmcp I]mew kphm-b n-
opthm AXv tZymhm-Ip-p. K`-ns pe-amb
Bh-c-W-tatXm AXp ]h-X-- em-bn- op. Dev_- sap
]d-bp K`-th--tatXm AXv taL--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb am-
bn- op. K`- ns tZl- n-e p Rc- p-I
GXmtWm Ah \Zn-I-fm-bn-op. K`-ns hkvXn-
bn-ep Pew GtXm AXv kap-{Z-am-bn-op.
AY bXv XZ PmbX tkmfkm-h m-Zn-Xy,
kvXw Pmb-am\w tLmjm Dep-Jthm
\qZ-Xn-jvT khmWn N `qXm\n kthN
Imamx, Xkvam--tkym-Zbw {]Xn {]Xym
b\w {]Xn-tLmjm Deqthm fnjvT
n khmWn `qXm\n kthN Imamx
B A-n GsXm- mtWm P\n- Xv AXv B BZn-
Xy-\m-Ip-p. P\n-p Ahs ]nmse henb i_vZ-
tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tLmj-fpw Fm `qX-fpw Fm Ima-
fpw Dm\w sNbvXp. AXn-\m B BZn-Xys DZbw
\nan--ambpw Akvabw \nan--ambpw hopw hop-
ap {]Xym-Ka - \w \nan--ambpw Deq-e--fmb tLmj-
fpw Fm `qX-epw Fm Ima-fpw Am\w
sNp- p.
k b GX-tahw hnZzm-\m-ZnXyw {_t
Xyp]mkvtX f`ymtim l btZ\w km[thm
tLmjm BN-K-tbp cq]-N\n t{atU-c
\nt{a-t U-c
C{]-Imcw Adnp Cu BZn-Xys\ {_-sa-p-hv
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Chs\ \ntm-j--fmb tLmj-
BK-an-bpw kpJn-n-bpw sNpw. CXv io{Lw
kw`-hn-pw.

I \mem-a-ymbw
Hmw Jw
hmbphpw {]mW\pw kmm {_-sa \ne-bn
D]m-ky--em-sWv hn[n- p-- Xn- \mbn D-c-{Kw Bcw-
`n-pp. IYmhnjb-{K-lWw Ffp--am-p--Xn\pw hnZy
\Ip--Xn\pw {Kln-p--Xn-\p-ap hn[n ImWn-p-p.
{i, A- Zm-\w, A\p--XXzw apX- em-bh IqSn hnZym-{]m-
]vXn-km-[-\--fm-Wv Cu Aym-b-n ]d-bp-p.
Hmw PmK-{ip-Xnl ]u{Xm-bWx {im tZ
tbm _lp-Zmbo _lp-hmIy Bk, k, l
khX Bh-m am]bmw Nt{I, k
hX Gh tafy-oXn
{i-tbm-Sp-IqSn sImSp-p- -h-\pw, hf-sc-sIm-Sp-p-
hpw hfsc Aw ]mIw sNbvI FXv Xs Krl-
n-ep--h\- p-ambn ]p{Xs ]u{X-\ mb P\-{ip-X s
A]Xyw Dm-bn-cp-p. ]u{Xm-b-W-\mb Pm\-{ipXn Fm-
bn-Spw hmk-`-h-\ - sf Dm-n-p. Fm-bn-Spw
Fs Aw \evIpw F-bm ]d-p.
AY l lwkm \nim-bm-aXn t]Xpx
Xssh lw tkm lwk-a-`yp-hmZ
tlm tlmbn! `m! Pm\-{iptXx
]u{Xm-b-Wky kaw Znhm tPymXncm
XXw, Xm {]kmvo kvXzm
am {][m-o-cn-Xn.
An-s\-bn-cn-p-tm Hcn- cm{Xn-bn lwk-
cmPm- h n\p ImW- - - h w IS- p- t ]m- b n.
Atms B Iq-n Hcp lwkw asmcp lwk-
tmSv ]d-p. Atbm `mm!, `mm!, ]u{Xm-b-W-
\mb Pm\-{ip-Xn-bpsS tPymXn-v, tZymhn-t\mSv Xpey-ambn
hym]vX-am-bn-cn-p-p. B tPymXn-ns\ {]k-n--cp-Xv.
B tPymXnv \ns Zln-n-pw.
Xapl ]cx {]Xyp-hmNx Iazc G\
taXXv kw k bpKzm\ anhssc
Izamt Xntbm\p IYw kbpKzm sscIz
CXn.
Ans\ ]d lwk-tmSv at lwkw adp-]Sn
]dp: FtSm Cu PmK-{ip-Xnp Fp amlm-y-ap--Xn-
\m-emWv iI-S-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb sscIzs\ F-t]mse \o
Cns\ ]d-bp--Xv. kmbp-Kzm-hmb sscIz Fp ]d-
bp-Xv Fn-s\-bp--h-\mWv Fv BZyw ]d lwkw
tNmZn-p.
bYm IrXmb hnPnXm bm[-tcbmx kwb
tyh ta\w khw X``n kta-Xn, bXv
N P
223
InwN {]Pmx km[p Iph-n, bkvXtZz K
Z bXv k thZ k a ssb XZp CXn.
GXp {]Im-c-amtWm NqXn \mev Aw-sImp Pbn-
-h-\v, AXn-\p-X m-sg-b p- -t{X-X , Zzm]-c w, Ien Fp
t]cp aqpw, cpw, Hpw A- A`-hn-p-
Xv A{]-Imcw {]P-I Fsmw km[p-hm-bn-p-Xp
sNp-pthm AsXmw Cu sscIz-\n A`-hn-p- p.
B sscIz Fns\ Adn-bp-p-thm, AXns\ Bcp Adn-
bp-pthm Ah C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p.
XZpl Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm-bW D]
iq{imh; k l kwPn lm\ Gh
mc aphmN: Av Kmtc lk
bpKzm-\-anh sscIz amt-Xn, tbm\p
IYw kbpKzm sscIz CXn. bYm IrXm
b hnPn-Xm-bm-[-tcbmx kwb-ty-hta
\w khw X Z`n ktaXn bXv Inw N
{]Pmx km[p Ihn; bkvXt- ZzZ bXv
k thZ, k a ssbX-Zp CXn.
B lwk--fpsS hN-\s ]u{XmbW\mb Pm\-
{ipXn D]-{i-hnp. Ah ib-\s hnSp Ah-k-c-X-
Xns m-hn-t\mSv ]d-p. FtSm hm, kbp-
izm-hmb sscIy-s\-tmse ]d-bp-pthm A-n kbp-
izm-hmb sscIz-t\mSp ]d-bpI Fv ]d-bp-p. kbp-izm-
hmb sscIz Fp ]d-bp B Fn- s\-bp- - h\mWv?
mhp tNmZn-p. F{]-Imcw IrX-sap ]d-bp Bbw
sImp t\Sn-b-h\v Xmsg-bp t{XX, Zzm]cw Ien Fo
Bb- A`-hn-p--Xp-t]mse F{]-Im-cw, {]P-I
Fsmw sNptm AsXmw Cu sscIzs\ A`n-kw-K-
an-p- p. Ah Fp Adn- bp- p-thm, AXns\ BcmtWm
a\-n-em-p-Xv Ah\pw C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-p. P\-{ipXn
]d-p.
k l m f\znjy, \mhn-Z-anXn {]
tXybmb; Xwtlm hmN: b{Xmtc!
{_m-Wk
- ym-t\z-jWm X tZ\ at-Xn.
B mhv At\z-jn-nv Rm Adn-n Fpw
]dv Xncn-p-h-p. Ah-t\mSp cmPmhv ]dp: FtSm
{_m-W s At\z-j Ww Fhn-s S-b mtWm AhnsS
sscIzs\ At\z-jn-q.
tkm f[kvXm ISky ]mam\w Ij-amW
apt]m ]hn-th-i, \ lm`yp-hmZx Xzw
\p `Khx kbp-kzm-sscIz CXn Alw
lycm3 CXn l {]Xn Pt, kl
m fhnZ-anXn {]tXy-bmb
 224

I Ah iI-S-ns ASn-bn ]mam-hns\ sNmdn-p- Xkym l apJ apt]mZv KrlvWp hmN:- K

sIm-n-cn- p Hcp- hs ASp- sNn- cp-p. B sscIz-
t\mSv ]d- p. `K- h m-t\, kzbp-i zm- h mb sscIz
AmtWm Rm Xs- bmWv Fv sscIz ]d-p. B
mhv Rm sscIzs\ Adnp Fp ]dp {]Xym-
K-an-p.
cmw Jw
XZpl Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm-bWx jSv
iXm\n Khmw, \njvI, aiz-X-co-cYw
X Zm Zmb {]Xn-N{- Ita
]u{Xm-b-W-\mb Pm\-{ipXn Adp-\qdp ]ip-tf Igp-
n-en-Sp lmc-t-bpw, s]tIm-h Igp-X-I hen-
p Hcp cY-t-bpw, FSp-p-sImv sscIzs ASp-
-tep sNp.
Xw lm`yp-hmZ: ssctIz-am-\n-jSv
iXm\n Khm, abw \njvtImfb aiz
Xco-ctYm f\pa GXmw `Kthm tZ
hXmw im[n, bmw tZhXm ap]m CXn.
sscIz-t\mSp ]dp: Atbm sscIz CXm Adp-\q-dp-
]-ip- ; CXm I-lm-cw, CXm Aiz- sf ]qnb cYw.
A-tbm, `K-hmt\ Av GXv tZh- Xtb D]m-kn- p-pthm An Ftm DZzm- ks {]m]n- p- pthm Atm hmbp-
Cu tZh-Xsb F\nv ]d-p-X-cq.
Xapl ]cx {]Xyp-hm-Nml ltcXzm
iq{Z, Xsshh kl tKm`n-ck - vXznXn;
XZpl ]p\-tch Pm\-{ipXnx ]u{Xm
bWx kl{kw Khmw, \njvI, aiz-Xcn
cYw, Zpln-Xc
- w, XZm-Zmb {]Xn-N{- Ita
Pm\-{i-Xn-tbmSv sscIz Dcw ]d-p. FSm iq{Z-
lm- c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb iInSn ]ip- -tfm-Sp-IqsS \n\-p- Xs
Ccn--s. AXn-\p-tijw hopw ]u{Xm-b-W\ - mb Pm\-
{ipXn Bbncw ]ip--tfbpw IWvT-lm-c-tbpw Aiz-X-
co-c-Yt- bpw Xs ]p{Xn-tbbpw Iqn, A[-\h
sscIys ASp--tep sNp.
Xw lm`yp-hmZ: ssctIzZw kl{kw
Khm, abw \njvtIm fba izX-co-cY
- ,
Cbw, Pmbm fbw {Kmtam bkvan-mtf
t\zham `Khx im[oXn
sscIz-t\mSv ]dp Atbm sscIzm, CXm Bbncw
]ip-, CXm IWvT-lm-cw, CXm Aiz-X-co-c-Yw, CXm
Atp `mcy, CXm Av Ccn-p {Kmaw. Atbm
`K-hm-t\, Fs A\p-im-kn--tW.
BP-lm-tcamx iq{Zm t\ ss\h aptJ\m
ffem]-bn-jyYm CXn tX ssltX ssc
Iz ]m \ma alm-hr-tjjp b{Xmkvam
Dhmk Xkvssa tlmhmN
B cmP-]p-{Xn-sb-X- s, hnZym-Zm-\-n-\p Zzmc-sav
Adn-p-sImv sscIz ]d-p. Atbm iq{Zm, Cu
]ip--tfbpw apw \o sImp- h-tm \m-bn. Cu apJw-
sIm-p-Xs Fs-smp \o ]d-bn-p-p. An-s\-
bp Cu {Kma-, alm-hr-- Fp ]d- bp tZi-
sscIz-h- Fp {]kn- - - fm- Ip-p. B {Kma-
-fn sscIz hkn-n-cp-p. B {Kma- sscIz\v
cmPmhp sImSp-- Xm-Wv. Cs\ [\w sImSp cmPm- hn\v
sscIz hnZysb ]dp-sIm-Sp-p.
aqmw Jw
hmbphmh kwhx bZm hm An-cp-Zzm-bXn
hmbp-tahm t]yXn; bZm kqtm fkvXta-Xn,
hmbp-tahm t]yXn; bZm Nt{m fkvXta-Xn,
hmbp-tahm t]yXn
_mly-amb hmbp kw{K-l-W-kz-`m-ha - p--Xm-Ip-p.
hns kz`mhw {]m]n-p-p. kqcy Ftm AkvX-an-
p-pthm Atm hmbp-hnXs ebn-p-p. N{
Ftm AkvX-an-p-pthm Atm hmbp-hns
ebn- p-p.
bZmf] DNviq-jyn hmbp-ta-hm]n
bn; hmbptly ssh Xm khm
kw]rvt CXym-[n-ssZ-hXw
Ap-I Ftm hp- pthm Atm hmbp-
hns ebn-p-p. hmbp An apX-em-bh - sb
Fmw kw{K-kn-p-p. Cs\ tZh-X-I-fn-ep kwh-
Zi\w Dm-Ip-p.
- p-ambn
AYm-[ymw: {]mtWm hmh kwhx
k bZm kz]nXn {]mW-tah hmK-t]yXn;
{]mWw Npx {]mWw t{im{Xw, {]mWw
a\x, {]mtWm tlyssh Xm khm
kw hrv CXn.
C\n B-hn-j-b-I-amb kwh-Zi\w ]d-bp-hm
t]mIp-p. apJy-{]m-W kwh-am-Ip- p. ]pcp-j
Ftm Dd-p-pthm Atm hmv{Znbw {]mW-\n
ebn-p-p. {]mW hmKm-Zn-Isf Fmw kw{K-kn-p-p.

N P

I Xu hm GXu Zzu kwhu hmbp
tch tZth-jp, {]mWx {]mtW-jvT.
An- s\-bp-h Ch cpw Xs-bm-Wv. P\-Kp-W-ap-
h tZh-m-cn hmbp- X-s, hmKm- Zn-I- fmb {]mW-- fn
apJy {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
AY l iu\Iw N Imt]-b, a`n
{]Xm-coWw N Imtk \nw ]cn
hnjy-amWu {_-Nmco _n`nt;
Xkvam Dl\ ZZ-Xpw.
C\n Hcp sFXn-ly-ap-Xp ]d-bmw. ]cn-th-jWw sN-
s- Sp-- h-cmb I]n- tKm-{X-P-X-\mb ip\- I-]p- {X-t\mSpw I-
tk-\s A]-Xy-amb A`n-{]-Xm-cn-tbmSpw Hcp {_-Nm-cn-
`n tNmZnp Ah-v `n sImSp-n-.
ktlm-hmN: alm \ Xptcm tZh
GIx Ix k PKmc `qh-\ky tKm]mx
Xw Imt] b \m`n ]iyn aym A
`n{]-Xm-cn _lp[m hkw; b
kvssa hm GX-Z-w, Xkvam G XZ-an-Xn.
B {_-Nmcn ]dp: \mep alm-m-sf `qh-\-
ns cn-Xm-hmb B {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip Hcp tZh
{Kkn-p. Atbm Imt]-bm, A`n-{]m-Xm-cn, ]e {]Im-c-
n hknp B {]Pm-]-Xnsb aym-m Adn-bp- Pm_m-e-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a-s\ Hcp-h Xs
n- . Cu Aw Bm- bn-p--XmtWm Ah\v sImSp- p- amXm-hmb Pm_m-e-tbmSv bm{X ]d-p. Atbm `hXn
n-. Rm {_-Ncyw BN-cn-p-hm t]mIp-p. Rm GXp
XZpl iu\Ix Iwt]bx {]Xn-a\zm
\x {]tXy-bmb; Bm-tZ-hm\mw
P\nXm {]Pm\mw lnc-Wy-Zwm
_`tkm f\kp-cn lm-a-ky-aln
am\-amlpx, A\-Zy-amt\m bZ-\-a
oXn sshhbw {_-Nm-cn-t-Z.
ap]m-kva-tl, Zm- kvssa-`n-m-anXn
B {_-Nm-cn-bpsS hN\w Btem-Nn-p-sImv Imt]-
b- \mb iu\- I {_-Nm- cn-bpsS ASp- hp ]dp:
Ah mh-c-Pw-K-a--fpsS Bmhpw Aym-Zn-I-fp-
tSbpw {]P-I-fp-tSbpw P\-bn-Xm-hpw, Hcn-epw \in-m
Zw-It- fmSp IqSn-b-h-\pw, `-W-io-e\pw ta[mhn Bbn-
p--h\pw BIp-p. Xm A\y-cm `n--s-SmsX
A-a-m An-hmv apX- em-bX - ns\ A`n-h-Zn-pp
Fp--Xn-\m, Ahs aln-am-hns\ al-sp ]d-bp-
p. Atbm {_-Nm- cn \mw ta-d ey- - tfmSp
IqSnb {_s Fm-bn- Spw D]m-kn-p-p. Cu {_-
Nm-cnv `n sImSp-q.
N P
225
Xkvam D l `Zpx tXhm GtX ] K
mt\y, ]m-t\y, Zi-k--kvXXv
IrXw `h-Xn, XkvamXv khmkp Zn
z-tah Zi IrXw, sskjm hn
cmk-m-Zo, XtbZw khw Zrw, kh
atkyZw Zrw `h-Xy-mtZm `hXn
b Ghw thZb Ghw thZ.
B {_-Nm-cnv `rXy-m `n-sIm-Sp-p. A-s\-
bp Cu Av thsd, Av thsd BsI ]m-bnv
app ]d IrX- am-hp-p. AXn-\m Fm Znp-I-fnepw
IrX-amb AymZn ZiIw A-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp
Cu hncmZv Am-Zn-\n-bm-Ip-p. B hncm-n-\m Cu PK-
smw ImWp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-tm, Ah\v
Cu PK-smw Zr-am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Am-Z-\mbn
Xocp- p.
\memw Jw
kXy Imtaml Pm_m-tem, P_memw
amXc ama-{bmw Nt{I: {_-Ncyw
`h-Xn, hnh-ym-an, Inw tKmt{Xm \z
lakvan? CXn.
tKm{X-m-c-\m-sWp ]d-m-epw.
km ssl\-ap-hmN: \ml-ta-XZv thZ
XmX, bZv tKm{XkvXz-akn;_lzlw
]cn-Nc
- n ]cn-Nm-cnWo buht\
Xzmae t`m km flta X-th-Z-bZv
tKm{X kvXzakn; P_mem Xp \mam l
akvan, kXy-Imtam \ma Xzakn; k
kXy Ima Gh Pm_mtem {_phoYmx
CXn
B P_me kXy-Im-a-t\mSv ]d-p: FtSm, \o GXp
tKm{X- m- c- \m- W-p- Xv F\n--dnp IqSm, Rm hfsc
]cn- N - c n- p- s Imv ]cn- W - i n-e - b m- b n- c p- p. bu- \ -
ns \ns e`n-p. A-s\-bp F\np \o
GXp tKm{X-n-ep--h-\m-sWv Adn-bm km[y-an-.
Fm Rm P_me Fp t]cp--h- fm-Ip-p. \o kXy-
Im-a Fp t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp \o P_m-
e-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a-\m-Wp BNm-cy-t\mSp ]d-
b-W w.

I k l lmcn-{Zp-aXw KuX-a-ta-tXym-hmN:
{_-Ncyw `K-hXn hym-ayp-t]bw `hX
an-Xn.
B kXy-Im- a lcn-{Zp- hs ]p{X-\mb KuX-as ASp-
p-sNp ]dp: `K-hmt\ A-bpsS ASp- {_-
N-cy-ambn hkn--W-sap Rm\m-{K-ln-p-p. `K-hms\
injy-s\-p \ne-bn F\nv D]-K-an--Ww.
Xw tlm hmN: Inw tKm{Xm\p tkymaym
koXn; k tlmhmN: \m lta-XZv
thZ t`m bZv tKmt{Xm fl akvan, A]r
w amX-cw, kmam {]Xy-{_-hoXv {_
lzlw Nco ]cn-Nm-cnWo buht\
Xzm aet`; km flta X thZ bZv
tKm{X kvXzakn; Pq_me Xp \maml
akvan, kXy-Imtam \ma Xza-ko-Xn, tkm
flw kXy Imtam Pm_mtem fkvant`mx
CXn.
B kXy-Im-a-t\mSv BNm-cy tNmZnp: Atbm ku-
aym, \o GXp tKm{X- m-c-\mWv? kXy-Im- a ]d- p. Rm
GXp tKm{X- m-c-\m- sWv F\n- - dn-p- Iq-Sm. Rm A-
tbmSp tNmZn-p. A ]dp: Rm hfsc ]cn-N-cn-p-
sImv ]cn-N-c-W- io- e-bm-bn-cp-p. buh-\-n \ns e`n-
p. As\bp Rm \o GXp tKm{X- m-c-\m-sWv
Adn-bp-Ib- n-. Fm Rm Pm_me Fp t]cp--h-
fm-W.v \o kXy-hm Fp t]cp--h-\p-am-Ip-p. Atbm
`K-hm, A-s\-bp Rm Pm_m-e-bpsS ]p{X\mb
kXy-Im-a-\m-Ip-p.
Xw tlmhmN: ss\XZ {_mtWm hn
thp al-Xn, kan[w tkmaym fflc,
D]Xzm t\tjy, \ kXym-ZKmx CXn.
Xap-]-\ob Irim\m a _em\w NXpxi
Xm Km \ncm-IrtXym hm tNamx tkm
aym\p kw{h-tPXn Xm A`n-{]-m-]b
p hmNm \mk-lt{kWm ffht-tbXn
k l hj KWw t{]mhm-k, XmbZm
kl{kw kw t] Zpx
B kXy-Im-a-t\mSv KuX-a ]dp: Cu hN-\s
{_m-W -\
- m--h ]d-bp-hm \ymb-an-. Atbm
kuaym, Na-X-sImp hcq. \ns Rm D]-\-bn-mw.
kXy-n \nv \o sXn-bn-n-. Ahs\ D]-\-bn-nv Iri-
fpw A_-e-I-fpamb \m\qdp ]ip-sf ]ip-q--n
\np thXn-cn-p-\nn- bnv ]dp: Atbm kuay Cu
tKmsf A\p-K-an-pI. B tKmsf Imn-tep bm{X-
N P
226
bm-n-sImp kXy-Im-a ]dp: Bbncw XnI-bmsX K
Rm Xncnp hcn- I-bn-. B kXy-Im-a hfsc hj-
Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Kpcp kn-[n-bn hcmsX Imn Xs
Ign-p. Atm B ]ip- Bbn-c-am-bn-op.
Amw Jw
AY ssl\ arjt`m f`yphmZ kXyIm
a3 CXn, `Kh CXnl {]Xnip
{imh; {]m]vXmx tkmay, kl{kw
kvax {]m]b \ BNm-cy-Ipew
]ns kXy-Im-as\ Hcp Imf hnfn-p. kXy-Ima `K-
hms\ kXy-Im-a hnfn tIp. Atbm kuaym, R
Bbncw F kwJy {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. Rsf BNm-cy-
Ip-e-n sImp sNp hnSq.
{_-W tX ]mZw {_hm-WoXn;
{_ho-Xpta `K-h-m\n-Xn, Xkvssatlm
hmN: {]mNn ZnIvIem, {]XoNo
Zn-em, Zn-Wm-ZnIv ItemZo
NoZnIv Iem, Gjssh tkmay,
NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_Wx {]Imihm \ma.
\n\v {_-ns \men-sem-cp `mKw ]d-p-X-c-t.
B Ej`w XpSp tNmZn-p. `K-h F\np ]dp
Xmepw kXy-Im-a ]d-p. Ah ]dp: Ingt
Znv {_-sa ]mZ-ns \men-sem-m-Ip-p. ]Sn-
msd Znv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. sXt Znv Hcp Ie-bm-
Ip-p. hSt Znv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym,
\mep Ie-I-tfmSp IqSn-b, {_-ns Cu ]mZw {]Im-i-
hm Fp t]cp--Xm-Ip-p.
k b GX-tZhw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_Wx {]Im-i-hm-\nXyp ]mkvtX, {]
Imi-hm-\-kvan temtI `h-Xn, {]Im
ihtXm l temIm-RvP-b-Xn, b GX
tahw hnZzm--Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_Wx
{]Imi hm\n-X yp-]mkvtX
Cs\ Adn-p-sImv Cu \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb
{_-ns ]mZw {]Im-i-hm F KpW-tm-Sp-IqSn
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu temI-n {]hn-Jym-
X-\m-bn-o-cpw. C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sImv \mep Ie-I-tfm-Sp-
Iq-Snb Cu {_-ns ]mZs {]Imi-hm Fphv
Bcv D]m-kn-p-p-thm, Ah {]Im-i-ap temI-
{]m]n-pw.

I Bdmw Jw
Ant ]mZw htXn k l tizm
`qtX Km A `n{]-m-hbmw NImc;
Xm b{Xm Znkmbw _`qhp kvX{Xm-Km\n
ap]-kam[mb Km D]-cp[y kao-[-am-\mb
]m-Ztx {]mp-t]m-]-hn-th-i.
An \n\v {_-ns Hcp ]mZw ]d-p-Xcpw
Fp ]dv Ej`w \ndp-n. kXy-Im-a ]nt Znhkw
]ip--sf-sImv BNm-cy-Ip-e-n-tep Xncn-p. B ]ip-
ky-bm-b-tm GXp tZip sNp-thm, AhnsS
Xo Iqn, ]ip-sf Fmw XSpp \nn, kan-Zm-[\w
sNbvXv An-bpsS ]nd-In Ing-tmp apJ-ambn Ccp-p.
Xan c`yp-hmZ kXy-Ima3 CXn
`Kh CXn l {]Xn ip{imh
kXy-Im-a-t\mSv An kXy-Imam Fp hnfn-p. `K-
hmt\ kXy-Ima hnfn-tI-p.
{_Wx tkmay, tX ]mZw {_hm-WoXn;
{_ho-Xpta `K-hm-\n-Xn, Xkvssa tlmhm
N:]r-Ynho Iem--cow Iem, Zyux
Iem kap{Zx Iem, Gj ssh tkmay,
NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_tWm fhm \ma-3
Atbm kuaym, \n\v {_-ns ]mZs Rm
]d-p-X-cs An ]d-p. `K-h F\np ]d-p-X-
mepw Fv kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p. Ah\v An-]-
d-p-sIm-Sp-p. ]rYnhn Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Acow
Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. tZymhv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. kap{Zw Hcp
Ie-bm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym, \mep Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb
{_-ns Cu ]mZw A\--hm Fp t]cp-X - m-
Ip-p.
k b GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_tWm f\-hm-\n-Xyp-]mkvtX f\
hm\-kvan temtI `hXy \-htXm
ltem Im Pb-Xnb GX-tahw
hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_tWm
f\-hm- \n-X yp-] m- kvtX.
C{]-Imcw Adnv \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb Cu {_-
]m-Z-ns A\-Xzw F Kpa-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xmbn Bcv
D]m-kn-p-p-thm Ah Cu temI-n km-\-hn-t-
Z-an-m--h\ - m-bn-o-cpw. C{]-Im-c-a-dn-p-sImv \mep-I-
e- I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {_- ns ]mZw A\- - hm Fp
Nnnv Bcp D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah b-an-m
temI- {]m]n-pw.
N P
227
Ggmw Jw K
lwkkvtX ]mZw htXn k l tiz`q
tX Km A`n-{]-m-]bmw NImc; Xm
b{XmZn kmbw _`q-hr, kvX{Xmn ap] k
am[m-bKm D]-cp[y kan-[-am-[mb ]
mZtx {]mp-t]m] hnthi
lwkw \n\v Hcp ]mZs ]d-p-X-cpw. Fp
]dp An hnc-an-p. Ah ]nt Znh-k- am-b- tm ]ip-
sf bm{X-bm-n. B ]ip- ky-bm-b-tm GXp
e-mtbm AhnsS Xo Iqn ]ip-sf XSp-p- \nn.
kan-Zm-[m\w sNbvXv An-bpsS ]Sn- m- dp-hiw Ing-tmv
apJ-ambn ASp- Ccp-p.
Xw lwk D]-\n-]-Xym-`yp-hmZ: kXy
Ima3 CXn `Kh CXn l {]Xn
ip{im-h .
lwkw ASp- hv Ahs\ hnfnp:- kXy-Imam
Fp hnfn-p. `K-hmt\ kXy-Im-a hnfn-tI-p.
{_Wx tkmay! tX ]mZw {_hmWo
Xn; {_ho-Xpta `K-hm-\nXn; Xkvssa
tlmhmN: Anx Iem, kqx Iem
N{x Iem hnZyp-XvIem; Gj ssh
tkmay, NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_tWm
tPymXn-jvam \ma.
Atbm kuaym, \n\p {_- ns ]mZs Rm
]dp Xc- s. Fp lwkw tNmZn-p. `K-hm F\np
]dp Xmepw Fp kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p.
Ah\p lwkw ]dp sImSp-p. An Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-
p. kqcy Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. N{ Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p.
hnZypv Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. kuaym, Cu \mep-I-e-It- fmSp
IqSnb {_-ns ]mZw tPymXn-jvam Fp t]cp--
Xm-Ip-p.
k b Ghw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_tWm tPymXn-jvam-\ n-Xyp-]mkvtX
tPymXn-jvam-\-kvan temtI `hXn
tPymXnjvatXm l temIm PbXn b
GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_tWm tPymXn-jvam-\ n-Xyp-]mkvtX
Cns\ Adnv Cu \mep-I-e-I-tfmSp IqSnb {_-
ns ]mZw tPymXn-jvam Fp-hv Bcv D]m-kn-p-
pthm Ah Cu temI-n Zo]vXnbph-\m-bn-o-
cpw. CXv Adnv Cu \mep Ie-Isf tPymXn-ja
v m Fp-
hv Bcp-]m-kn-p-pthm Ah tPymXn-p temI-
{]m]n-pw.

I Fmw Jw
aZv Kpt ]mZw htXn; kl
tizm`qtX Km A`n-{]-m-]bmw
NIm-c, Xm b{Xm`n kmbw _`qhp
kvX{Xmn ap]-k-am-[mb Km D]-cp[ym;
kan-[-am-[mb, ]m-Ztx {]mp
t]m]-hn-th-i .
ImcWw \n\v {_-ns Hcp ]mZs ]d-p-
Xcpw Fp ]d-p-sImv lwkw hnc-an-p. Ah
]ntp ]ip--fp-ambn \S-p. B ]ip- ky-bm-b-
tm FhnStbm AhnsS Xo Iqn ]ip-sf XSpv Hcp-
an-m-n. kan-Zm-[m\w sNbvXv An-bpsS ]Sn-m-dp-`m-
Kv Ing-tm-p-ap-J-ambn Ccp-p.
Xw aZv Kpcp ]\n-]-Xym-`yp-hmZ kXy
Ima3 CXn `Kh CXn.
\otmgn (Im- c- Ww) ASp- hv kXy- Im- a- t\m-Smbn
"kXy-Im-ammm' Fp hnfn-p. "`K-hmt\' Fv Ah hnfn-
tI-p.
{_Wx tkmay, tX ]mZw {_hm
WoXn, {_ho-Xpta `K-h-\n-Xn, Xkvssa
tlmhmN: {]mWx Iem N{ipx Iem,
t{im{Xw Iem a\x Iem, Gj ssh
tkmay NXp-jvIex ]mtZm {_W
Bb X\-hm \ma.
Atbm tkmay \n\p Rm {_- ns Hcp ]mZw
]d-p-X-c-ttbm Imc-Ww tNmZn-p. `K-hm F\np ]d-
p-X-mepw. kXy-Im-a Dcw ]d-p. Ah-t\mSp
ImcWw ]d-p. {]mW Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. Npv Hcp
Ie-bm-Ip-p. t{im{Xw Hcp Ie-bm-Ip-p. a\v Hcp Ie-
bm-Ip-p. Atbm tkmaym, \mep Ie-J-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu
{_-ns ]mZw Bb X\- hm Fp t]cp-- Xm- Ip-p.
k b GX-tahw hnZzmw--Xp-jvIew ]mZw
{_W Bb X\-hm\n Xyp]mkvtX Bb
X\-hm-\-kvan temtI `hXn; Bb
X\-htXm ltem-Im- Pb-Xn, b GX
tahw hZzmw Xp-jvIew ]mZw {_
W Bb X\ hm\n-Xyp-]m-kvtX.
Cns\ a\-n-emn \mep Ie-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu
{_- ]mZw Bb X\- hm Fp- hv Bcv D]m- kn- p- pthm
Ah Cu temI-n Bb-X-\-ap-h - \
- m-bn-o-cp-p.
C{]-Im-c-a-dnv \mep-I-e-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {_-ns
]mZs Bb-X-\-hm Fphv B D]m-kn-p-pthm
Ah [mcmfw CS-ap temI-sf {]m]n-p-p.
N P
228
H]Xmw Jw K
{]mhlm ffNm-Ipew Xam-Nmtm f`yphm
Z; kXy-Imam3 CXn `Kh CXnl
{]Xn-ip-{imh
kXy-Im-a {_-hn-m\w t\Sn BNm-cy-Ip-es
{]m]n-p. BNm-cy kXy-Im-ammm Fp hnfn-p. `K-hmt\
Fp kXy-Im-a hnfn-tI-p.
{_ hnZnh tkmay `mkn, tIm\p Xzm f\p
iim-tk-Xn, At\y a\p-tjy`y CXn l
{]Xn-Pt; `Khmw kvtXhta Imta
{_pbm.
Atbm kuaym, \o {_-hn-n-s\-tmse tim`n-p-
p. \ns BcmWv A\p-im-kn--Xv. BNm-cy tNmZnp:
a\p-jy-cn \nv A\y-cm-bn-p--h-cm-W.v kXy-Im-a {]Xn-
-sN-bvXp. `K-hm Xs F\nv C-bp-Xv Ctm
]d-p-X-c-Ww.
{ipXw tlyhta `K-hZv Zrti`y B
Nmm-ssh hnZym hnZnXm km[nw
{]m]Xo Xn. Xkvssa-sslX tZthm
hmNm{X l\ InwN\ hnbm tbXn, ]nbm-tb-Xn.
`K-hm-s\-tm-ep Bfp-If- n \nv Rm tIn-pv;
hnZy BNm-cy-\n\nv Xs Adn-b-s-mse km[p-X-a-
Xzs {]m]n- -bp-p. kXy-Im- a\v tZh-X-I ]d-p-sIm-
Sp hnZy-sb-s BNm-cy ]dp sImSp-p.
bmsXmpw hnp-t]m-bn-.
]mw Jw
D]-tIm-ktem lssh Ima-em-b\x kXy
Imta Pm_mte {_-N-ap-hmk; Xky
l ZzmZ-i-hjm-Wy-o ]cn-NN
- mc; k
lkvam-\y-\t hmkn\x kam-hbw
kvXnwl ssh\ kam-h-b-Xn.
Ia-es ]p{X-\mb D]-tIm-k-e P_m-eb - psS ]p{X-
\mb kXy-Im-as ASp- {_-N-cy-tmsS ]mp.
]{- p-hjw Ahs An-Isf ]cn-N-cn-p. Ah ap-
in-jy-msc kzm[ymbw {Kln-p-Xn-cn--b-npw D]-tIm-k-
es\ kam-hn- n-n-.
Xw Ptbm hmNm: X]vtXm {_-Nmcn
Ipi-ea
- -n ]cn-Nm-co amXzmf
bx ]cn-t{]m-N; {]{_q-lykvam CXn
Xkvssalm t{]m ssNyh {]hmkmw Nt{I.

I B BNm-cy-t\mSv `mcy ]d-p. Cu {_-Nmcn hfsc
tinv th-hn-[-n An-Isf ]cn-N-cn-p. Av
An-Isf \nn--cp-Xv. Cu {_-Nm-cnv hnZy ]dp
sImSp-q. Fv `mcy ]d-npw BNm-cy B injy\v
Hpw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-msX Xom-S-\-n\p t]mbn.
k l hym[n\m \inXpw Zt{[; Xam-Nm
Pmtbm hmN: {_ Nmcn-m-im-\, Inw
\p \miv\m-koXn ktlm-hmN _lp
h Cta fkvan ]pcp-tj-Im-am-\m-\mXy
bmx hym[n`nx {]Xn-]qtm-kvan, \m
injyman CXn.
B {_-Nmcn at\mZpxJw \nanw A\-i\w A\p-
jvTn-p--Xn\v \n-bn-p. Ah-t\mSv BNm-cys `mcy
]dp: Atbm {_-N m-c o, `Ww Ign-q. \o
FmWv `Ww Ign-m-Xv? AXn\v B {_- Nmcn ]d-
p. Cu ]pcp-j-\n C-I hf-sc-b-[nIw Dv. AXv
]e hgnp ISp-t]m-hp hym[n-I-fm-bn-on-cn-p-
p. hym[n-I-fm Rm {]Xn-]q-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Rm
`Ww Ign--bn-.
AY ^m bx kap-Zntc: X]vtXm {_
Nmcn Ipiew \x ]-Nm-co-Xv, lmkvssa
{]{_-hm-taXn, Xkvssa tlmNpx: {]mtWm
{_Iw Jw{_ CXn.
An-I Hcp-anp tNp Ah-t\mSp ]dp: {_-
Nmcn X]vX-\m-bnv \sf th-hn-[-n ]cn-N-cn-p.
Ctm Ah\v \mw thXp ]d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww. B
{_- Nm-cnv An-I ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. {]mW {_-
am-Ip-p. Iw{_--am-Ip-p. Jw {_-am-Ip-p.
k tlm hmN: hnPm-\m-aylw bXv
{]mtWm {_, Iw, NXpJw N\ hn
Pm\m-ao-Xn, tXtlmNpx: bZzm-h-Iw,
XtZh Jw btZ-h-Iw, XtZ-h-I-an-Xn,
{]mWw N lmkvssa XZm-Imiw tNmNpx
D]-tIm-k-e ]dp {]mW {_-am-Ipp FXv
GXmtWm AXp Rm Adn-bp-p. Fm I tbpw
J tbpw Rm Adn-bp-n-. An-I ]dp Iw
Fp ]d-Xv GtXm AXv Xs Jw Fp ]d-bp-p.
Jw GXmtWm AXp-Xs Iw Fp ]d-bp-p. Chv
{]mW-t\-bpw, {]mWs lrZ-bm-Im-i-tbpw ]dp
sImSp-p.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
AY ssl\w Kml-]tXym f\piim
k: ]rYnhy n c amZnXy CXn; b
N P
229
Gj BZntXy ]pcptjm Zriy-tX, K
tkm flakvXn k Ghm l akvan; CXn
]ns Cu D]-tIm-k-es\ Kml-]Xy An A\p-im-
kn-p. ]rYn-hn, An, Aw BZn-Xy Fnh Fs
X\p--fm-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\n GXp ]pcp-js\ BtWm
ImWp-Xv B ]pcp-j Rm BIp-p. Rm Ah
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
k b GX-tahw hnZzm-\p-]mkvtX f]l
tX ]mh-IrXymw temIo `h-Xn, kh
ambp-tc-Xn, tPymKv Poh-Xn, \mkym-hc
]pcp-jmx obt; D] hbw Xw `q
RvPmtam fkvanw temtI apjvanw b
GXta hw hnZzm-\p-]m-kvtX.
Cu Kml-]-Xym- nsb Bcp D]m-kn-p- pthm Ah
]m]-I-- \in-n-p- p. temI-ap- -h- \m-bn-o-cp- p.
apgp-h Bbp-nt\ {]m]n-p- p. DPz-e-ambn Pohn-p-p.
Chs ]nm-e-ap- -h bn- -b n- . Cu temI-
nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw Ahs\ R ]men-p-p.
C{]-Imcw Adn-p-sImv Cu Kml-]-Xym-nsb Bcp
D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah\v Cu ^ew knn-pw.
]{mw Jw
AY ssl\-a-\zm-lmcy NNt\m f\pi-imk:
Bt]m-Zntim \-{Xm-Wn, N{am CXn;
b Gj N{-akn ]pcptjm ZriytX tkm
la-kvan, k Ghm la-kvaoXn
A\-cw Chs\ Zn- Wmn A\p-im-kn-p. Ap-I,
Znp-I, \-{X-, N{ Fn-s\ F\np \mep
ico-c- Dv. N{- a- n GXp ]pcp- j- s\- bmtWm ImWp-
Xv Ah Rm\m-Ip-p. Rm Ah Xs- bm-Ip-p.
k b Gh-taXw hnZzm-\p-]kvtX f]ltX
]m]-Ir-Xymw, temIo-`-h-Xn, kh-am-bp-tc-Xn,
tPymKvPo-hXn; \mkym-h-c-]p-cpjmx o
bt; D]-hbw Xw `qPmtam/kvanw
temtI/ apjvanw b GX-tahw hnZzm
\phmkvtX
(C-Xns hymJym\w ]Xn-s\mmw J-ns Ah-
km-\-n- ep--Xp-X-s- bm-W.v )
]Xn-aqmw Jw
AY ssl\ aml-h-\o-tbm-f\p-i-imk:
{]mW BImtim Zyuhn-Zyp-ZnXn; b

I Gj hnZypXn ]pcptjm ZriytX tkm
flakvan; k Ghml akvaoXn
A\-cw Al-h -\ o-b Ahs\ A\p-im-k np:
{]mW, BIm-iw, tZymhv, hnZypv Fn-s\ \mep X\p-
F\npv. hnZyp-n GXp ]pcp-j ImW-s-
Sptm B ]pcp-j Rm\m-Ip-p.
k b GX-tahw hnZzm\p ]mkvtX f]ltX
]m]-IrXymw temIo-`-hXn kh-am-bp-tc-Xn,
tPymKv PohXn; \mkym-h-c-]p-cpjmx ob
t, D]-hbw `qRvPmtam fkva nw
temtI/ apjvanw b GX-tahw hnZzm
\p]kvtX
(C-Xns hymJym-\hpw ]Xn-s\mmw J-ns
Ah-km- \-n-ep--Xm-W.v )
]Xn- memw Jw
tX tlm Npcp] tImk-sse-jm-skuaytX
kvaZzn-Zymff--hn-ZymNm ffNm
kvXptX KXnwh
tXn BP-Km-alm ffNmcy-kvXa
- m-Nmtm
fZyphm-tZm-]tIm ke3 CXn.
B An-I ]dp: Atbm kuay-\mb D]-tIm-
ke CXm \n\v R-fpsS hnZybpw A-hn-Zybpw ]d-
p-X-n-cn-p-p. BNmcy-\m-Is \n\p KXnsb ]d-
p-X-cpw. Chs BNm-cy hp. Ahs\ BNm-cy
D]-tIm-kew Fp hnfn-p.
`Kh CXn-l. {]Xn-iq-{imh {_-hnZ
Ch-tkym-ay, tX apJw-`mXn; tIm\p-Xzmf\p
iimk CXn. tIm\p-am-a-\p-in-jymZvt`m
CXn-lm-t]h \np-tX. Cta \q\-an-Zrim
A\ym-Zrim CXn-lm-o-\-`yptZ Inw\p
tkmay InetX fthmN Xn.
`K-hmt\ Fv D]-tIm-ke - hnfn-tI-p. Atbm
kuay \ns apJw {_-ns F-t]mse hnf-p-p.
\ns Bcp A\p-im-kn-p. BNm-cy tNmZn-p. Atbm
O`- K-hms\ Bcm-Wv Fs A\p-iw- kn- p- Xv Fv BIp- Ch Fm hma-- tfbpw \bn- p- p. C{]- Imcw Bcp Adn-
-Xp-t]mse D]-tIm-k-e ]d-p. apt thsd hn[-n- bp-pthm Ah hma--fm-bn-p--sXmw \bn-p-p.
en-cp--hcpw Ctm Cu hn[-n-en-cn-p--hc
- p-amb Cu
An-I Xs Fs D]-tZ-in-p. Ah An-Isf
Nqn--d-p. Atbm kuaym, \n\v FmWv Ah
]d-p-X-Xv? BNm-cy tNmZn-p.
N P
230
CZ-anXn l {]Xn-Pt temIm hmh-Ine K
tkmaytX fthmN; Alw Xp tXX-Zzm-yman
bYm ]pjvIc]emi Bt]m-\-n-jy Gh
tahw hnZn ]m]w I-\-n-jytX CXn
{_ho-Xpta `Kh \nXn Xkvssa tlmhm-N.
injy Cs\ Fp ]dp: Atbm kuaym,
Ah temI-sf am{X-amWv ]d- p- X-Xv Fm Rm
\n\v {_-s- n ]d-p-X-cmw. GXp-{]-Imcw Xma-c-bn-
e-bn Pew ]p-n--tbm, A{]-Imcw {_s Rm
]d-bm t]mIp--Xp-t]mse Adn-bp--h-\n ]m]-Iw
]p-I-bn-. BNm-cy ]dp: `K-h F\np ]dp
Xmepw injy ]d-p. Ah\v BNm-cy ]dp
sImSp-p.
]Xn-\mw Jw
b Gtjm fnWn ]pcptjm Zriy-X, Gj
Bt-Xntlm hmssN-X-Z-ar-X-`-b-taX
Z {_tXn; XZy-Zy-]y-kvan kntm-ZIw
hm knXn h\o Gh K-Xn.
Io In GXp ]pcp-j-\mtWm ImW-s-Sp-Xv
B ]pcp-j Bm-hm-Ipp Fp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p.
Rm ]d Cu B-XXzw \in-m-Xpw `b-an-m--
Xp-am-Ip-p. CXv {_-am-Ip-p. ]pcpjs m\-amb Cu
An-bn kn-t\-tbm, DZ-I-ttbm tkN\w sNq.
Ch Ca-I-sf-s Kan-p-p. ]pcp-js \nc-RvP-\Xzw
hn-p-p.
GXw kw bZzma CXym N-tX, GXw ln
khmWn hmam-\y-`n-kw-bn; khmtWy
\w hmam-\y`n kwb-nb Ghw thZ
Cu ]pcp-js\ kwb-Zzm-a Fp ]d-bp-p. Fs-
m tim`-\-am-bn-p--h-sbmw Cu ]pcp-js\ A`n-kw-
K-an-p-p. Cs\ Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ahs\ tim`-\-
-fm-bn-p--h-sbmw A`n-kw-K-an- p-p.
Gj D Gh hma-\o-tcj khmWn
hmam\n \bXn; khmWn hmam\n \bXn
b Ghw thZ
Cu ]pcp-j Xt hma-\o-ba - m-Ip-p. Fs-m
Gj D Gh `man\o tcj ln kthjp
temtIjp `mXn. kthjp temtIjp `mXn
b Ghw thZ

I Ch Xs `man- \n- bm- Ip- p.Fs- m Ch Fm
temIfnepw tim`n-p-p. C{]-Imcw Bcp Adn-bp-p-
thm, Ah Fm temI--fnepw hnf-p-p.
AY bZp ssNhm-kvan ihyw Ipn,
bZn-N\
- m, j tahmZn kw`-h-n, A
ntjm flm, c B ]q-am-W-]
am]q amW-]-m-Zym jkp-c-tXn
amwkmw kvXm, amtk`yx kwh--cw,
kwh-cm ZmZn-Xy, amZn-Xym-{- -a-kw,
N{-atkm hnZyp-Xw, XXv ]pcptjmf
am\hx k G\m {_-K-a-bXn; Gj
tZh ]tYm {_l ]Yx, GtX\ {]Xn
]Zy-am\m Caw am\-h-am-hw \mff
h-t-\ff ht
Chs hnj-b - n ii-hI - w sNp-s-nepw
sNp-n-s-nepw An-c-`n-am-\n-bmb tZh-sX-tb-s
{]m]n-p-p. A-n \nv Al-c-`n-am-\n-bmb tZh-X-
tb-bpw Al-n\nv ip-] - - tZ-h-X-tbbpw ip-]--
tZ-h-X-bn \nv D-cm-bW tZh-X-tbbpw B amk--
fn \nv kwh--c-tZ-h-X-tbbpw kwh--c-n \nv
BZn-Xy-t\bpw BZn-Xy-\n\nv N{-a-n-t\bpw N{-a-
n \nv hnZyp-n-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. AhnsS a\p-jy-
\- m ]pcp-j hcp- p. Ah Chsc {_s {]m]n-
n-p-p. CXv tZh ]Yhpw {_-]-Yhpw BIp- p.
CXnIqSn t]mIp--h Cu a\p-hns krn-cq-]a
Bhs Bhn-p-n- . Bh-sa-p-]-d-bp-
Xv P\-\-a-c-W--fpsS XpS-bm-Ip N{I-nsp
Id-p--Xn-s\-bm-W.v
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
Gj l ssh btm tbm fbw ]h-tX,
Gj lb-nZw khw ]p\m-Xn, btZ
j bn-Zw, khw ]p\m-Xn, XkvamtZ
j Gh-b-, kvXky a\ hmIv
N h-\o.
GsXmcp hmbp-hmtWm ipo-Ic - n-p-Xv A-s\-
bp hmbp b-am-sWp {]kn--am-Ip-p. Cu hmbp
Kan-p-sImv Cu PK-n- s\-sbmw ip-am-p-p. Cu
hmbp k-cn-p-sImv Cu PK-ns\ Fmw ip-am-
pp Fp-t- XtXm AXp-sIm-p-Xs Cu hmbp
b-am-Ip-p. B b-ns am- a\pw
hmp-am-Ip- p.
Xtbm-cky Xcmw a\km kwkvI-tcmXn
{_m hmNm-tlmX f[-cp-Zv KmXmf
N P
231
\yXcmw; kb t{Xm ]mIrtX {]mX-c\p K
hmtI ]pcm-]-cn-[m-\o-bmb {_m
hyh-h-Z-Xn, A\y-X -cm-tah h\nw
kwkvI-tcmXn lobtX f\yXcm
B cp h- \n-I-fn Hns\ {_-sap ]d-bp
EXznv a\- p- sImv kwkvI- cn- p- p. asm- ns\ tlmXm-
hpw, A[z-hpw, DZvKm-Xmhpw hmp-sImv kwkvI-cn-
p-p. Fhn-sS, ikv{Xw Bcw- `n-n-cn-p-tm ]cn- [m-\ob
Fp ]d-bp En-\,v apv B {_mhv au\s Dt]-
n-p-p-thm, AhnsS Hns\ am{Xsa kwkvIc - n-p-I-
bp-p. asmv \-s-Sp-p.
k b ssY Iw]m-Zv{h-P, ctYmssh
tI\ Nt{IW h-amt\m cnjytXy
ha kybtm cnjyXn; bw cnjyw
bP-amt\m/\pcn-jyXn; k Czm
]m]o-bm `hXn
GXp {]Im-c-amtWm Hcp ]mZ-tmSp IqSn-b-h hgn-
t]m-Ip-tm \in-p-Xv A-n H-{Iw sImv
hn-p cYw k-cn-p-tm \in-p-Xv A{]-
Imcw Cu bP-am\s B bw \in-p-p. \in-p
bs bP-am-\ A\p-\i - n-p-p. B bP-am-\
bmKw sNbvXv IqSp-X ]m]-ap--h\- m-bn-o-cp-p.
AY bt{Xm-]m-IrtX {]mX-c\
- p-hmtI \
- mb ]pcm ]cn-[m-\o-bmbm {_m-hy-h-hZ
XyptZ Gh h\o kwkvI-ho \lo
btX f\yXcm
FhnsS {]mX-c-\p-hmIw Bcw-`n--Xns tijw, ]cn-[m-
\o-b-Xp ap]v {_mhv au\s Dt]-n-p-n-tbm
AhnsS cp h-\n-I-tfbpw kwkvI-cn-p-p. cn
Hpw \jvS-s-Sp-n-.
k btYm-`b ]mZv{h-P, ctYm-t]mZm
`ymw N{Im`ymw h-am\x {]Xn-XnjvT
tXy ha-ky-bx {]Xn-Xn-Xn; bw
{]Xn-Xn-w bP-amt\m f\p{]-XnXn
jvTXn; k Czm-t{i-bm `hXn
F{]-Imcw cp Imep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j hgn-t]m-
Ip-tm \in-m-Xn-cn-ptm As-n cp N{I--
sf-sImv hn-p cYw \in-m-Xn-cn-ptm A{]-
Imcw Cub-P-am- \s B bw \in-m-Xn-cn-p-p. {]Xn-
nXn sNp bs bP-am-\ A\p-{h-Xn-nXn
sNpp B bP-am-\ bmKw sNbvXv t{ijvT-\m-bn-o-
cp-p.

I ]Xn-t\gmw Jw
{]Pm-]-Xntm-Im-\-` y-X-] Xv; tXjmw
X]y-am-\m\mw ckm {]mhr-lXv; A
nw ]rYn-hy, hmbp-a--co-m, ZmZnXy Znhx
{]Pm- ]Xn temI-sf A`n-X- ]n- n- p. X]n-- s- Sp B
temI- -fpsS ck-sf FSpp ]rYn-hn-bn \nv An-
tbbpw A-co--n \nv hmbp-hn-t\-bpw, tZymhn
\nv BZn-Xy-t\bpw
k GXm-kvXnt{km tZhXm A`y-X] - Xv;
Xm kmw X]y-am-\m\mw ckm {]m
hrlXv; Bt XrtNm-hm-tbm-Pqw-jn,
kmam-\ ym-Zn-X ym-X v.
{]Pm-]Xn Cu aqp tZh-X-Isf A`n-X-]n-n-p. X]n--
s-Sp Ah-cpsS kmc-sf D-cn-p. An-bn \nv
Ep-Isfbpw hmbp-hn\nv bPq-p-I-sfbpw BZn-Xy-
\n \nv kma--sfbpw
k GXmw {Xbnw hnZym-a-`y-X] - -Xv,
Xkym kvX]y-am-\mbm ckm- {]mhr-lX - v,
{`cnXy `rKvt`ym, `qh-cn-Xnb Pq`yx
kzcnXn kzcnXn kma`yx
{]Pm-]Xn Cu {Xbo-hn-Zysb A`n-X- ]n-n-p. X]n--s-
Sp AXns ck-sf D-cn-p. Ep-I-fn \nv `qx
Fpw bPq-p-I-fn \nv `qh Fpw kma--fn \nv
kzx Fp {Kln-p. AXn-\m Ch temI--fp-tSbpw tZh-
m-c p-tS-b pw, thZ- -fp-tSbpw cmk- -fmb alm-hym-
lrXnIfm- Ip- p.
XZy Zrtm cntjy-Zv, `qx kzmtlXn
Kml-]tXy Pqlp-bmXv; ENm-tah
X{Z-tk\ mw hotW mw bky
hncnw kwZ-[mXn
B b- n Ep-I \nanw b- n\p tISp
hcn-I-bm- sW-n `qx kzmlm Fv Kmly- ]- Xy-\n tlman-
-Ww. AXv Ep-I-fpsS Xs ckw-sIm-pw, Ep-I-
fpsS hocyw-sImpw Ep-If - psS b-ns X-cq-
]-amb hntZw Iqn-tNp-p.
AY bZn bPq-tm-cn-tjyZv `qhx kzm
tlXn Zn-Wmu Pqlp-bmXv; bPqjm
ta h X{Z-tk-\, bPqjmw hotW
bPqjmw bky hncnw k-[m-Xn.
bPqp- I \nanw bw Xw {]m]n-p- I- bm-sW-
n `qhxkzmlm Fp a{- m Zn-W-B-n- bn
tlman--Ww. AXv bPq-p-If
- psS ckw-sIm-pw, bPq-p-
N P
232
I-fpsS HmP-p-sIm-pw, bPq-p-I-fpsS b-ns K
X-cq-]-amb hntZw Iqn-tp icn-bm-p-p.
AY bZn kmatXm cnjyXv kzx kzmtl
Xym lh-\otb Pqlp-bmXv; kmav\m
ta hX-{Z-tk-\, kmav\mw hotW
kmav\mw bky hncnw k-[m-Xn.
kma- \nanw bw Xw {]m]n-p-Ib - m-sW-
n kzxkzmlm Fv Bl-h-\o- b- \n tlman--Ww. AXv
kma--epsS Xs ckw-sIm-pw, kma--fpsS hocyw-
sImpw kma-sf kw_- n b-ns X-cq-]-
amb hntZw km\w sNp-p.
XZyYm eh-tW\ kphw k-[ym-Xv,
kpht\ cP-Xw, cP-tX\ {X]p{X
]p-Wm-ko-kw, kotk\ temlw, temtl
\ Zmcp, Zmcp N-Ww, Gh-tajmw
temIm \mamkmw tZhXm \ma-kymkv{X
m hnZymbm hotW bky hncn
w k-[mXn, t`j-P-IrtXm l hm
Gj btm bss{Xhw hnZv {_
m `h-Xn.
AXv Fns\ Fm s]mImcw apX-em-b - mcw
sImv kz-t-bpw, kph-sImv shn-tb-bpw,
cPXw sImv XI-c-t-bpw, XI-cw-sImv Cub-t-bpw,
Cubw-sImv teml-t- bpw, temlw sImv XSn-tbbpw
XpIsImv XSn- tbbpw km\w sNp--sX- n-t\tbm
A{]-Imcw Cu teml--fp-tSbpw Cu tZh-X-I-fp-tSbpw
Cu {Xbo-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw how-sImv b-ns
Xw km\w sNp-p. GXp b-n {_mhv
C{]- Im-c-a- dn-bp--h Bbn-cn-p-pthm Cu bw t`j-
P-m kwkvI-cn-- s--Xm-bn-Xo-cp-p.
Gj l hm DZIv {]htWm btm
bss{Xhw hnZv {_m `hXn; Ghw
hnZw lhm Gjm {_lv-amW a\p-KmYm
btXm bX BhtX XXv XZv
KXn; am\thm {_ss-sshI
EXznIv Ipcp-Xizm f`nc-Xn G
hw hnssh {_m bw bP
am\w kmw-ntPm f`nc-Xn
Xkvam-tZhw hnZ-tah {_mWw
Ipho-X, \mt\hw hnZw.
GXp b-n {_mhv C{]-Im-c-a-dn-bp--h-\m-bn-
cn-ptm B bw hS-tmp Ncn--Xm-Ip-p. C{]-
Im-c-a-dn-bp {_m-hn-s\-p-dnv Cu A\p-Km-Y-{]-kn--am-

I Ipp: FhnsS AhnsS sNp m\-hm-\mb {_m-
hm-Ip Htc EXznIv s]Ip-Xnc F-t]mse Im-
sf A`n-c - n-p- p. CX- dn-b p {_mhv b-
tbpw bP-am-\-t\bpw Fm EXzn-p-I-tfbpw A`n-c-n-
pp. AXn-\m Cs\ Adn-bp--hs\ {_m-hm--
Ww. C{]-Imcw Adn-bm--hs\ {_m-hm--cp-Xv.
Am- a-ymbw
Hmw Jw
kKpW {_-hn-Zy-bpsS D-c-KXn CXp-hsc ]d-p.
]m-n-hn-mb Krl--\pw, ap-hn-Zy-Isf ioen-p
{im-ep--fmb Duz-tc-X-p-Ipw, AtX KXn-sb-
s A\p-h-Zn-p. tIhe [n-Iv Zn-W-Zn-ns\
kw_-n--Xpw, [qam-Zn-e--W-hpw, ]p\-cm-hn-cp-]h
amb thsd KXn-bpw, aqm-a- Xm-bn, sshcmKyw hcp--Xn-m-
bn, hnZym-I- c-ln-X- mv, AXn-s\-m IjvS-X- c-amb
kwkm- c- KXn ]d-bm-\mbn Bcw-`n-p- p. {]mWx t{imjvtTm
hmKm- Zn`yx {]mtWm hmh kw hx XpSn ]e-bn-S--fnepw
Ign Aym- b- - fn {]mW-s\-n ]d- n-p- v. Fmw
Hcp- t]mse Hcp- anp tNp {]hn- p- sIm- n- cn- p- tm,
B {]mW hmp apX-em-b-hb - psS Iq-n t{ijvT-\m-
Ip-- sX- ns\ Fpw B {]mWs\ D]m-kn- t- Xv Fn-
s\-bm-Wpw ImWn-p--Xn- \,v B {]mWs t{ijvT-XzmZn
KpW-sf hn[n--W-sav ImWn-p-.p
Hm, tbm l ssh tPyjvTw Nt{ijvTw
N thZ, tPyjvT l ssh t{ijvT
`hXn; {]mtWm-hmh tPyjvT t{ijvT.
tPyjvT-t\-bpw, t{ijvT-t\bpw Bcv Adn-bp-p-thm,
Ah tPyjvT-\m-bpw, t{ijvT-\mbpw `hn-p-p. tPyjvT-
\pw, t{ijvT\pw {]mW Xs-bm-Wv.
tbm l ssh hknw thZ, hkn
jvtTm lkzm \mw `hXn hmKzmhhknjvTx
hkn-jvTs\, [\w D-h-s\, Bcv Adn-bp-pthm
Ah mXn-Iv hkn-n-p--h-\mbn `hn-p-p.
hkn-jvT Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-X-s- bm-hp-p.
tbm l ssh {]XnjvTmw thZ, {]Xn l
XnjvT Xy kvanw temtI fapjvanw
NphmI {]XnjvTm
{]Xn-jvTtb Bcp Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah Cu temI-
nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-Ip-p. {]XnjvT
Fp ]d-bp-Xv Np-p-X-s.
tbm l ssh kZw thZ kwlm
kvssa Imamx ]Zyt ssZhm
am\p-jm; t{im{Xw hmh k-Zv.
N P
233
k-ns\ bmsXm- cp- Adn- bp- pthm Ah\v tZh K
kw_- n-I-fpw, a\p-jy-kw-_-n-I-fp-amb Ima- k-
--fm- Ipw. k- sp ]d-bp-Xv t{im{Xw Xs-bm- W.v
tbm l hm Bb-X\w thZm ffbX\w
l kzm \mw `hXn; at\m lhm Bb-X-\w.
Bb-X-\s Bcp Adn-bp-pthm Ah mXn
Iv B{i-b- am-bn-Xo- cp-p. Bb-X-\-sa- Xv a\-m-Ip- p.
AY l {]mW Alw t{ibkn hyqZntcf
lw t{ibm\ kvaylw t{ibm-\-kvaoXn
]ns {]mW- Rm t{ijvT-\m-I p-p. Rm
t{ijvT- \m-Ipp Alw t{ib-ns\ kw_-np hgp
Iqn.
- p- tXl {]mWmx {]Pm-]Xnw ]nXc
tatXymNpx: `K-h tIm \x t{i
jvTx CXn Xm tlmhmN: bkvan
h D{Imt icocw ]m]n-jvT-Xc
anh-Zr-tiyX k hx t{ijvTx CXn
B {]mW- ]nXm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp-
sNv tNmZn-p. `K-hm-t\, R-fn t{ijvT BcmWv?
Ah- tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]d- p. \n- fpsS Iq- n Bcv ico-
cw hnp-t]m-hp-tm icocw Ghpw ]m]n-jT v - sa--t]mse
ImW-s-Sp-tam, Ah \n-fn t{ijvT- \m-Ip-p.
kml hmKp--{Ima; km kwh-cw
t{]mjy ]ttXym hmN: IY aiI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn. bYm Iem
Ah-Zx {]mWx {]mtW-\, ]iy
-p-jm-ir-Wzx t{imt{X-W,
[ymbtm a\-sskh anXn. {]hnth
i l hmIv
B hmIv icocw hnp-t]m-bn, B hmv Hcp kwh--c-
mew {]kn-nv Xncn-p-hv ap {]mW--tfmSpw tNmZnp:
Fs IqSmsX Pohn- p--X n\v GXp {]Im-c - n
\nv Ign-p. aqI-m-sc-tmse Hpw ]d-bmsX
{]mW-s\-smp {]mWn-pw, Np-p-sImv Ipw,
t{im{Xw sImp-tI-pw, a\-p-sImv [ym\n-pw, Cs\
R Pohn-p. B {]mW- Dcw ]d-p. hmv
kz hym]m-c-n {]th-in-p.
Nptlm--{Ima; XXv kwh-cw
t{]mjy ]t-tXym-hmN: IY-a-iI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn. bYm fm
A]iyx {]mWx {]mtW-\, hZ
tm hmNm irWzx t{imt{X-W,

I [ymbtm a\ sskhanXn {]hn-thi
lNpx
Npv D{Ianp AXv Hcp kwh--c-tv Xs
hym]mcw hnv \nnv aS-n-hp tNmZnp: GXp-hn[w
F IqSmsX Pohn-p--Xn\v \np Ignp? A-
m-sc- tmse ImWmsX {]mW- s\- sImp {]mWnpw hmp-
sImp hZnpw t{im{Xw-sImp {ihn-pw, a\-p-sImp
[ym\npw R Pohn-p. ap {]mW- Dcw ]d-p.
Npv kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn- p.
t{im{Xw tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw
t{]mjy ]t-tXym-hmN: IYa iI
Xt-a-o-hn-Xp-a-Xn. bYm _[ncm
Air-Wzx {]mWx {]mtW-\,
hZtm hmNm, ]iy p-jm,
[ymbtm a\-ssk-h-anXn {]hnth
i l t{im{Xw.
t{im{Xw DXv{I-an-p. AXv Hcp kwh--c-m-e-tp
Xs hym]m-c-n \np ]namdn \nnv aS-n-h-p.
ap {]mW--tfmSp tNmZnp: Fs IqSmsX Pohn-p--
Xn\v Fns\ \np Ignp? _[n-c-m-sc-tmse
tIm- sX, {]mW-s\- smp {]mWn- pw, hmp-sImp
hZn-pw, Np-p-sImp Zinpw a\-p-sImp [ym
\npw R Pohn-p. ap {]mW- ]dp: t{im{Xw
kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn-p.
at\m tlm-{Ima; XXv kwh-cw
t{]mjy-]ttXym hmN:IY a iI
Xt ao-hnXp anXn, bYm _me
A a\kx {]mWx {]mtW-\, hZ
tm hmNm, ]iy---p-jm, irWz
x t{imt{X-ssW-h-anXn {]hn-thi la\x
a\v D{I-an-p. AXv Hcp kwh--c-m-e-tv
{]h-kn-nv aS-n-hp tNmZn-p. Fs-q-SmsX Pohn-p-
- Xn\v F{]- Imcw \np Ignp? _me- m- sc- tmse
a\-n\p Xt-S-an-m-sX, {]mW-s\-smp {]mWnpw
hmp-sImp hZnpw Np-p-sImv Zinpw t{im{Xw
sImv {ihnpw Cs\ R Pohn-p. ap {]mW-
]dp: a\v kzhym-]m-c-n {]hn-p.
AY l {]mW Dn-{I-an-j, k bYm
kplbx ]Uzoi iq kwJntZ
tZh-an-X-cm {]mWm ka-Jn-ZXv
Xw lm`n-k-tatXym Npx: `K-h-t[n
Xzw \x t{ijvtTm fkn tam {Ian-cn-Xn.
N P
234
A\-cw B {]mW D{I-an-p-hm-\n-nv GXp-{]- K
Im-c-amtWm \ IpXnc Xs Imep-I sIn-bn-p Ipn-
I-s f, Cf-n-n-gp-Xp-Xv A{]-Imcw ap {]mW-se
]ngpXp. B apJy- {]m- Ws ASp- sNv ap-{]m-W-
]dp: Atbm `K-hms\ R-fpsS kzman-bm-bn-cn-q.
Av R-fn t{ijvT- \m-Ip-p. Cu ico-c-n \nv
hnp-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
AY ssl\w hmKp-hmN: bZlw
hknjvtTm fkvan Xzw XZz-knjvtTmf
koXn AY-ssl\w Np-cp-hmNx
bZlw {]XnjvTm fkvan, Xzw XXv {]Xn
jvTmko-X n.
AY ssl\w t{im{X-ap-hmN:
bZlw kw]-Z-kvanXzw XXv kw]
ZkoXn AY ssl\w a\ DhmNx
bZ-l-amb X\-a-kvXn, Xzw XZmb
X\- a-k o-Xn.
hmv Cu apJy-{]m-Wt- \mSv ]dp: Rm hkn-jT v -
\m-Ipp FXv GtXm B hkn-jT v \obm-Ip-p. A\-
cw Npv apJy-{]m-W-t\mSv ]dp: Rm {]Xn-jT v -
bm- IptXtXm B {]XnjvT \obm- Ip- p. A\-cw t{im{Xw
Cu apJy-{]m- W-t\mSv ]dp: Rm GXp k-m-Ip-p-
thm, B kv \o BIp-p. a\v apJy-{]m-W-t\mSp
]dp: Rm GXm-b-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm, B Bb-X\w
\obm-Ip-p.
\ ssh hmtNm, \N-qw-jn, \t{im
{XmWn, \ a\mw koXym NtX; {]m
Wm CtXyhm NtX; {]mtWm
tlyssh-Xm\n khmWn `h-n.
hmp-I Fp ]d-bp-n; Np-p-I Fp ]d-
bp-n; t{im{X- Fp ]d-bp-n; a\-p-I Fp
]d- bp- n; {]mW- Fp Xs ]d- bp-p. Fs- m
Cu hmKm-Zn-I-sfmw {]mW Xs- bm-Ip-p.
cmw Jw
ktlm-hmN Inwta fw `hn-jy-Xo-Xn-bXv
Inn-Zn-Zam iz`y B iIp-\n`y CXntlm
Npx, XZzm GX-Z\ kym, at\m-lssh
\ma {]Xyw \ l hm Ghw hnZn
In-\m-\w `h-XoXn
apJy-{]m- W tNmZnp: F\nv Aw Fm- bn- cnpw?
izm apX iIp-\n-I hsc Cu temI-p--sX-mw.

I hmKm-Zn-I Dcw ]d-p. A-s\-bp CsXmw
{]mWs A-am-Ip-p. A\ Fp-Xv {]Xy--amb
\ma-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Adn- bp- -h- \n bmsXmpw A-
a-m--Xmbn `hn--bn-.
ktlm-hmN:- Inw ta hmtkm `hnjy
XoXn; B] CXn tlmNpx XkvamZzm
GX-Z-in-jyx ]pc-kvXmtm ]cnjvTm
mnx ]cn-Z-[-Xn-e-av`qtIm l
hmtkm `h-Xy-\tm `h-Xn.
{]mW ]ntbpw tNmZnp: F\nv hkv{Xw Fm-
bn-cnpw? Ap-I hmKmZnI ]d-p. Ain-p-hm
t]mIp--h t`mP-\-n\p ap]n-epw, t`mP\w Ignpw
Ap-I-sfsImv apJy-{]m-Ws\ DSp-n-p-p. Cs\
sNp-Xv Ap-I {]mWs hkv{X- am-b-Xp-sIm-m-W.v
a\-ns\ e`n-p--h-\m-bn `hn-pw. D-co-b-ap--h-\m-
bn- o-cpw.
Xss-XXv kXy-Imtam Pm_mtem
tKm{ip-Xtb sshbm {] ]Zymtbm
tzmhmN: bZyt]y XNv NvXp-jvImb
mWth {_pbm-m-tb-ct hmkvan
RvimJmx, {]mtcm-tlbpx ]emim\oXn.
C-s\-bp Cu {]mW-Zi-\s Pm_m-eb - psS
]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a hym{L-]-ns ]p{X-\mb tKm{ip-
Xnv ]dp sImSp- nv ]d- p. CXns\ ipjvI-amb Ipn-
p-t]mepw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- m-sW-n, Cu mWp-
hn imJ-I Dm-hpw. Ce-I apf-p-Ibpw sNpw.
AY bZn aln Kan-tj, Zam-hmkym
bmw ZonXzm ]uamkymw cm
{Xu khu j[ky aw Z[n-a-[pt\m
cp]-a-Yy, tPyjvTmb t{ijvTmb kzm
tlXy mhm-Pyky lpXzm at
kw]m-X -a-h-\ -tb-Xv.
A\-cw al-Xzs Kan-p-hm Cn-p-I-bm-sW-
n Idp--hm-hp-m Zon-nv shfp--hm-hp-m
cm{Xn-bn Fm Huj-[- n-tbpw ]ns ssXcpw
tX\pw Iqn-b-Xn Ie-n-bnv An-bn tPyjvTmb
t{ijvTmb kzmlw Fv BPys tlman- nv kw]m- Zs
an hogv-Ww.
hkn-mb kzmtl-Xym hmPyky lpXzm
at kw]mX ah-\-tbXv; {]Xn-jvTmssb
kzmtl-Xym hmPyky lpXz at
kav]m-X-a-h-\-tb-Xv, ktZ kzmtlXy
m hmPyky lpXzm at kmX
N P
235
ah \tbXv; Bb-X-\mb kztl-Xym K
hmPyky lpXzm at km-X-a-h-\-tb-Xv.
hknjvTmb kzmlw Fv An- bn BPys tlman-
nv kav]m-Xs a-n hogv-Ww. {]Xn-jT
v mssb
kzmlm Fv An-bn BPys tlman-nv kav]m-
Zs a- n hogv- Ww. kmtZ kzmlm Fv An-
bn BPys tlman- nv km-Zs a- n hogv-
Ww. Bb-X-\mb kzmlm Fv An-bn BPys
tlman-nv km-Zs a-n hogv-Ww.
AY {]Xn-kr-]ym-RvPeu a-am-Zmb
P]Xn:- Atam-\m-amkn; Aamln
tX kh-anZw; kln tPyjvTx t{i
jvtTm cmP / [n]Xnx, kam-ssPy-jvTyw
ss{ijvTyw cmPy-am-[n-]Xyw Ka-bXp; A
ltath XXv kh-a-km-\n.
A\-cw Aev]w AIse amdn sXmgp-s sI-b n
as FSpp Xmtg-]d- b - p a{w P]n-Ww: \o
Aa Fp t]cp-h - \
- m-Ip-p. Fs-m Cu PK-
smw \ns IqsS-bm-Ip-p. {]mW-`5#q-X-amb aw
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT-\pw, Zo]vXn-am-\pw, A[n-jT
v nXn sNbvXp
]men-p--h\pw BIp-p. B aw Fs tPjvT-Xz-
tbpw t{ijvT-X- tbbpw cmPy-tbpw B[n-]-Xy- tbpw
{]m]n-pw. Rm Xs Cu PK-s- m-ambn Xocpw.
AY Jtez Xbm ] BNm
aXn XXv khn-XphrWn al CXym
Nm aXn; hbw tZhky t`mP-\-anXym
NmaXn; t{ijvTw kh-[m-Xa
- -anXym
NmaXn; Xpcw `Kky [oa-loXn khw
]n_Xn, \nWnPy Iwkw Nakw
hm ]m-Ztx kwhn-iXn NWn
h-nte hm hm Nw bax A{]
kmlx kb-Zn-{knbw ]tiyXv kar
w ItXn hnZym-Xv.
A\- cw Xmtg ]d- bp Ep-sImv Htcm ]mZw hoX-
ambn BN-an--Ww. XXv khn-Xphr-Wo-atl Fv BN-
an-Ww hbw tZhky t`mP\w Fv BN-an--Ww.
t{ijvTw kh-[m-Xaw Fv BN-an-Ww Xpcw-`-Kky
[oaln Fv apgp-h\pw ]m\w sN-Ww.
BN-a-\-n-\p Ens kzcq]w:
Xhn Xphr-Wo-atl hbw tZhky
t`mP\w t{ijvTw kh[m Xaw Xpcw
`Kky [oalo Fm-Wv.

I R khn-Xm-hmb tZhs Fm A- - tf-mfpw
t{ijvThpw Fm PK-n-t\bpw Ghpw [mcWw sNp-
p-Xw, Fm P\-n-t\bpw AXn-i-tb\ hn[m\w sNp-
-Xp- amb B t`mP- \s hcn- p-p. khn- Xm-hmb tZhs
kzcq-]s thK-n R [ym\n-p-I-bm-W.v Iwk-
ttbm Na-k-ttbm Igp-In-bnp An-bpsS ]Sn-m-
dp-hiw XpI-entem shdpw Xd-bntem hmNw ba-\m-bnp Dd-
-Ww. Ah A\n--kz-]\ v -Zi\w sImpw Cf-ImsX
a\-p-d-np kv{Xotb ImWp-I-bm-W-n (kz-]\ v -n)
Iw kar--am-Wv Adn-p-sIm--Ww.
XtZj tmIx bZm Ikp Imtay
jpkv{Xnbw kz]vt\jp ]iy-Xn, kar
nw X{X Pm\n-bmXv Xkvan kz]v\
\nZit\ Xkvan kz]v\-\n-Zit\
B A-n Xmsg--d-bp tmI-ap-v. Ftm
Imay- -fmb I-fn kz]v\w ImWp-tm kv{Xotb
ImWp-pthm An- s\-bp ]w AhnsS I- - fpsS
^e-{]m-]Xv n-bp-sp Adn-b-Ww.
aqmw Jw
tizX-tI-XplmfcptWbx ]m-em\mw
kanXo tabmb Xw l {]hm-ltWm
ssPh-en-cp-hmNx Ipam-cm-\pXzm injXv
]ntXXn A\p ln `Kh CXn.
Bcp-Wn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb tizX tIXp ]m-e-
Fp ]d- bp P\- ]- Z--fpsS kan-Xn-bn sNp. BtizX
tIXp-hn-t\mSv Poh-es ]p{X- \mb {]hm-l-W ]dp
Atbm Ipam-cm, ]nXmhv \ns A\p-im-kn-n-p-v. tizX-
tIXp Dcw ]d-p.
th bZntXm f[n {]Pmx {]b-oXn
\ `Kh CXn. th bYm ]p\cm
h CXn. \ `Kh CXn. th
]tYmt-h-bm-\ky ]nXr-bm-Wkyp N
hymh-\-an-Xn. \ `Kh CXn.
{]P-I Cu temI-n \nv apI-fn Ftmp Kan-
p-p-thm, AXp \n\v Adn-bmtam? {]hm-l-W tNmZn-
p. Adn-p-IqSm `K-hmt\ tizX-tIXp adp-]Sn ]d-p.
F{]-Imcw Xncn-p-t]m-cpp Fp \n\v Adn-bmtam?
Fp {]hm-l-W tNmZn- p. Atbm `K-hm-t\, Adn-p-
IqSm Fv tizX-tIXp Dcw ]d-p. tZh-bm-\-n- t-
bpw, ]nXr-bm-\
- n-tbpw hgn-I-fpsS ]c-kv]c hntbm-K-
m-\s \n\v Adn-bmtam? Fp hopw tNmZn-p.
Adn-p-IqSm `K-hmt\ Fp Dcw ]d-p.
N P
236
th bYm fkutemtIm \ kw]qX K
CXn; \ `Kh CXn. th bYm ]
aym-am-lq-Xm-hm]x ]pcp-j-h-Ntkm
`h-oXn. ss\ `Kh CXn.
]c-temIw Fp-Im-c-W - m \nd-bmsX Ccn-p--
sXv \n\v Adn- bmtam? Fv {]hm- l-W tNmZn-p. Adn-
p-IqSm `K-hmt\ Fp--chpw ]d-p. GXp-{]-Imcw
Am-as Blp-Xn-bn, B lpXn km[-\- -fmb Ap-
I ]pcp-j Fp hN-tmSp IqSn-b-h\ - mbn `hn-p-
-sXv \n\--dn-bmtam? {]hm-l-W tNmZn-p. `K-hms\
Xosc Adn-p-IqSm tizX-tIXp ]dp.
AY\p Ina\p intm fthm NYx tbm
loam\n \ hnZymXv IYw tkm f\p
intm {_qhnX? CXn. klmff
bkvXx ]nXp-c-ta-bmb Xw tlmhm-N
A\-\p-injy hmham `K-hm\ {_ho-Z\p
Xzm finjy-anXn
A\p- im-kn- -s-n-p-sv \o ]d--sX-mWv? Bcv
Cu tNmZn kwK-Xn-Isf Adn-bp-I-bn-tbm Ah A\p-
im- kn--s- -hs\v Fns\ ]dbpw? Fp {]hm-l-W
tNmZn-p. tizX-tIXp hfsc hnj-anv ]nXm-hns m\-
n BK-an-p. ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d-p. A\p-im- kn-msX
Xs `K- hm Rm A\p- im-knp Ign-n- cn- p-p Fv
FtmSv ]d- p.
]am cmPkr _px f{]iv\m\
{]mo-Xv, tXjmw ss\Iw N\m-iIw
hnh-p-anXn; k tlmhmN: bYm
am Xzw XssZ-Xm-\h tZm bYm fl
tatXjmw ss\Iw N\-thZ; bZy
lan-am\ t]Zn-jyw, IYw tX \mhyanXn.
{X-_p FtmSv Ap tNmZy- tNmZn-p. B
tNmZy--fn Hp-t]mepw hnti-jnp \n-bn-p--Xn\v
Rm i-\m-bn-. ]nXmhv ]d-p. \o h DSs\
FtmSv Cu {]iv\--sf-n Fns\ ]d-pthm AXp-
t]mse Xs Adn-p-sIm-q. Rm Cu {]iv\--fn
Hn-t\bpw Adn-bp-n-. Rm Chsb Adn-n-cpp
Fn \n\v ]d-p-X-cm-Xn-cn-p-am-bn-cp-pthm?
k l KuXtam cmtm fta-bmb;
Xkvssa l {]m]vXm bmlmw NImc;
k l {]mXx k`mK DtZ-bmb; Xw
tlmhmN: am\p-jky `K-h KuXa
hnky hcw hrWnYm CXn. ktlmhm
N: Xsshh cmP! am\pjw hnw
 237

I bmtah Ipamc kymt hmNa ` Wv. Ahp kam-[m-\hpw ]d-bp-p. A]q-cq-]--fmb K

jYm, kvXmta hta {_qloXn kl BMq-Xn-I D{I-an-p bP-am-\s - \, ]cn-th-jvT\w
IrOvdo _`q-h. sNbvXv D{I-an-p-p. bP-am-\ [qam-Zn-bn IqSn A-
co--n {]th-in- p-tm Ahs\ B{i-bn-n-cn-p
B KuX-a, cmPm-hns ASpp sNp. Xs Blq-Xn-Ifpw A-co--n {]th-in-p-p. AhnsS
ASp h B KuX-as\ ]qPn-p. KuX-a cmhnse nXn-sN-p bP-am-\-\v, kpJ-I-c-ambn Chbpw AhnsS
cmP-k-`b- n h-tm At-l-ns ASp- Ib-dn- nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv A-co-s Bl-h\ - o-b-s\-
sp KuX-a-t\mSv cmPmhv ]d-p. Atbm ]qPy-\mb tmse Bp- p. Blq-Xnv A[n-I-c-W-am-bn- p- Xv Bl-
KuX-am, a\p-jy-kw-_-n-bmb hns kw_-nv h-\o-b-\m-Ip-p. AXv hmbp-hns\ kan-p-t]mse Bp-
Atv C-ap-Xp Ap hcn-p-sIm-p. KuX-a ]d- p. hmbp-hn-s\-sImv A-cow Zo]n-p-p. aco-Nn-I-
p. Atbm cmPm-th, am\p-j-amb hnw Atp
sf-s ip-amb Blp-Xn-bm-Ip civan- I, A-co-
Xs Ccn- - s. Fs Ipam- cs ASp- GXp hmns\
- n hym]vX--fm- Wtm? Ans\ A-co-- n
Ap ]d- p- thm, AXv F\n- p ]dp Xcq. B cmPmhv
nXn-sN-bvXp-sIm-v, AhnsS nXn-sN-p bP-am-\-
ZpxJap--h-\mbn `hn-p.
s\, ^tem-p-J-\m- n- op-p. ]ns bP- am-\, A-
Xw l Nncw htk-Xym-m-]bmw NImc; co--n \nv, IqsS IqsS D{I-an-p-tm Ahbpw
Xw tlmhmN; bYm-amXzw KuX-amh IqsS D{I-an-p-p. bP-am-\ Zyptem-I-n {]th-in-
tZm btY bw \ {]mIv Xzx ]pcm p-tm Ah Zyptem-I-n {]th-in-p-p. AhnsS
{]th-inv BZyp-tem- I-s- s Bl-h-\o-b-\m-n, BZn-
hnZym {_-Wm KXn XkvamZp kth
Xys\ kan-mn Xop-p. ap]v A-co--n
jp temtIjp {X sskyh {]im-k\ nXn-sN-p bP-am-\s\ XWw sNpp Fp ]d-
a`q-ZnXn Xkvssa tlmhmN -Xp-t]m-se, B Blq-Xn-I Zyptem-I-n nXn-sN-
Ah-t\mSv hfsc \m Ahn- sS- s Xma- kn-q Fv p bP-am-\t- \bpw ^e-Zm\w sImv kpJn-n-p-p.
cmPmhv Bm-]n-p. B KuX-a-t\mSv cmPmhp ]d-p. A\-cw B Blq-Xn-I bnp XpS-p-Ibpw bP-am-
Atbm KuX-am, Av FtmSv GXp {]Im-c-n ]d- \ Zyptem-I-n \nv ]rYn-hn-bn {]th-in-bpw
pthm AXp ]d-bm-\p-v. F{]-Imcw Cu hnZy, \n\p sNp-tm Ahbpw Ap-I-fm-bn-op. IqsS Xncnp
ap]v, {_m-Wsc Kan-n-n--tbm, A{]-Imcw temI-n t]mcp-p. ]ns Ah ]rYn-hn-bn {]th-inv X-fpsS
{]kn--am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ]v Fm temI--fnepw B{i- bs {hoXn apX- em-b- h- tbmSp tNv B{ib Zzmtc-
{Xnb PmXnp am{Xsa injy-msc Cu hnZy-sIm-v, W, tcX-ns\ \ntj-N\w sNp ]pcp-j-\n {]th-in-
A\p-im-kn-pI Fp-Xv Dm-bn-cp-pp Fp ]d- p-p. B ]pcp-j-\n \nv kv{Xobn {]th-in-,v K`-
nv KuX-a\v hnZysb D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp-p. am-bn-ov X-fpsS B{i-b-s, Im-\p-jT v m- \p-tbm-
Ky-amb temI-n- se-p-b-cp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. C-s\-
sbmw P\-I, ta- d tNmZy-p-cw ]dp.
\memw Jw Fm AXn An tNm{Xm-lq-Xn-I-fpsS Im-cw`w
Am-as Blp-Xn-bn Ap-Ip ]pcp-j am{Xw C-hn-[-n- ep-m-Ipp Ft ]d-R-A-Rn-p-p.
F t]cp ]d-bm-hp--sX-s\ Fp tNmZyn\v CXn-em-Is An-tlm-{Xm-lq-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-cq-]-amb
BZy-ambn kam-[m\w ]d-bp-p. AXn\p kam-[m\w ]d- Imm-cw-`s Ambn hn`-Pnv D-c-am-{]m-]vXnv
p-I- gn-m ]ns a-tNm-Zy-v kam-[m\w ]d-bp- km[-\-am-bn, An-I-sf \ne-bn Ah-bpsS D]m-k\
-Xn\v Ffp--am-Ip-p. hn[n-phm\nn-p-sImp ]d-bp-p.

hmP-k- t\-b-I-n An tlm{X- lq-Xn-I Ah-bpsS Aku hmh temtIm KuX-am-n

^es Bcw-`n-p--Xn-s\-n bm-hy, P\-I-
t\mSv tNmZn-p--h-bmbn Bdp tNmZy- Dv. Ah
cmhn-sebpw sshInpw tlman--s-Sp-, An tlm{X-lq-
Xn-I Cu temI-n\nv D{I-an- p-Xv D{I-an--
Xns tijw Ah, X-fpsS B{i-b\v Xr]vXnsb km-
Zn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv, Xr]vXnsb km-Znp sImSp-p-sIm-
n-cp-nv Ah Cu temI-n-tev Xncn- p- t]m-cp-- Xv, A\-
cw Ahbvv B{i-b-amb ]pcp-j ]c-tem-I-n-tev
Dm-\-io-e-\m-bn-o-cp--Xv, Ch-sb-m-sa-ns\? F-Xm-
kvXky ffZnXy Gh kan-Zv, civatbm
[qam flcn {am Avc - m,
\{XmWn hnkv^p-envKmx
A-tbm, KuX-am, At temIw Xs An-bm-Ip-
p. Zyp temI-sap ]d-bp Anv BZn-Xy Xs
kan-m-Ip-p. civan-I [qa-am-Ip-p. ]I Pzme-bm-Ip-
p. N{-av AMvKm-c--fm-Ip-p. \-{X- Xosm-cn-
I-fm-Ip-p.

N P

I Xkvant Xkvan-u tZhx {imwPq
lzXn, Xkym BlqtXx tkmam
cmP kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu An-bn Aym-Zn-I {i-
sbp ]d-bs - -Sp Ap-Isf tlman-p-p. B Blp-
Xn-I-bn \nv tkma-\m-Ip cmPmhv Dm-Ip-p.
Amw Jw
(c-m-as tlmas kw_-n cm-as ]cym-
b-ns As Adn-bp--Xn-\mbn B ]cymbw FSp-
p-p.)
]Pt\ym hmh KuX-amn kvXky
hmbp-tch kan-Zv, A{`w [qtam, hn
ZypZn, ci\n cwKm-cm, {lm Z\tbm
hnkv^p-enwKmx
Atbm KuX-am, hrjvTn-tZ-h-X- Xs An-bm-Ip-p.
B ]-P-\-\ym-Ip Anv hnd-I,v hmbp Xs- bm-Ipp.
taLw [qaa-am-Ip-p. hnZypv An-m-Ip-p. CSno
I\-epIfm-Ip-p. Kn-X-i-_vZ- Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Xkvant Xkvan-u tZhx tkmaw
cmPm\w PqlzX Xkym Blq-tXh
jw kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu ]Py\y-\m-Ip An-bn tZh-
m tkma-\m- Ip cmPm-hns\ tlman-p-p. B Blq-Xn-
Xn-bn \nv ag-bp-m-Ip-p.
Bdmw Jw
]rYho hmh KuX-amn kvXkymx
kwh-c Gh k an Zm Imtim
[qtam, cm{Xn-cn, ntimw Kmcm,
Ahm-c Zntim hnkv^p-enwKmx
Atbm KuX-am, ]rYn-hn-Xs An-bm-Ip-p. B
]rYnhn Fp ]d-bp Anv kanv kwh--c-am-Ip-
p. BImiw [qa-am-Ip-p. cm{Xn An-m-Ip-p. Znp-
I AwKmc--fm-Ip-p. -CSZn-p-I Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Xkvant Xkvan u tZhm hjw
Pqlz-Xn, Xkym Blq-tX-cw kw`-hXn
An-s\-bp Cu {]Yn-hn-bm-Ip An-bn, tZh-
m hjs tlman-p-p. B Blq-Xn-bn Aw
Dm-Ip-p.
N P
238
Ggmw Jw K
]pcptjm hmh KuX-am-n, kvXky hmtK
h kan-Xv, {]mtWm [qtam, Pnlzmf
n-p-cv Kmcmx t{im{Xw hn
kv ]penvKmx
Atbm KuX- am, ]pcp-j An-bm-Ip-p. B ]pcp-
j-\m-Ip Anv kanv hmm-Ip-p. {]mW [qa-am-
Ip-p. Pnlz Anm-Ip-p. Npv AvKmc--fm-Ip-
p. t{im{Xw Xosm-cn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Xkvant Xkvan u tZhm Aw
PqlzXn Xkym B lqtX-tcXx kw`h-Xn
An-s\-bp Cu ]pcp-j-\m-Ip Anbn tZh-
m {holn apX- em-bh sImp-m- -s- Sp Aw tlman-
p-p. B Blq-Xn-bn \nv tcXkv Dm-Ip-p.
Fmw Jw
tbmjm hmh KuX-am-n, kvXkym D]
Gh kan, ZypZp-]-a-{-btX k
[qtam, tbm\n-c-n, Zx ItcmXn
tX fv Kmcm.
Atbm KuX-am, kv{Xo An-bm-Ip-p. Btbm-jm-
nv kanv D]--am-Ip-p. ]Xps h-am\w ]d-
bp-Xv [qa-am-Ip-p. tbm\n An-m-Ip-p. AI-m-p-
Xv AvKm-c--fm-Ip-p. sNdnb kpJ- Xosm-cn-I-
fm-Ip-p.
Xkvan-tX kvanu tZhm tctXm
Pqlz-Xn, Xkym, Blp-tX K`x kw`-h-Xn.
An-s\-bp Cu tbmjm-n-bn tZh-m tcX-
ns\ tlman-p-p. B Blq-Xn-bn \nv K`w Dm-
Ip-p.
H]Xmw Jw
CXn Xp ]aym amlp Xm hmhx ]pcp
jh-Ntkm `h-oXn k Dev_mhr
tXm Kt`m Zihm \h hm amkm-\x
ibnXzm bmhZzm fY Pmb-tX.
Cs\ Am- as Blq- Xn-bn Ap-I ]pcp-j
Fp t]cp--h-bm-bn-o-cp-p. B K`w, Pcmbp Fp
]d-bp K`-th-j vT -\ - m Bhr-X -am-bn-v, ]tm
H]tXm amk-mew A-n AXn-eev]w IqSntbm
Ipdtm D Imew Dn InS-nv P\n-p-p.

I kPmtbm bmhZm bpjw Poh-Xn, Xw
t{]Xw Zn-antXm f b Gh,
lc-n-bX Gt] tXm bXx kw
`qtXm `h-Xn.
B P\n-h- Bbp-p-n-S-tmfw Imew Pohn-p-
p. ]tc-X-\mb Ahs\ ]c-tem-Is Dt-inv Cu {Kma-
n \nv Ah GXv An-bn \np hp-thm,
Ah GXv An-bn\npm-bn-cn- p-p-thm, B An-
bn-te-p-Xs sImp-t]m-hp-p.
]mw Jw
XZy Cw hnZpx, tb tNta fctWy
{im X] CXyp-]m-k-tX, tXfnj
a`n kw`-hn; Antjm flc
B]q-amW ] am ]q-am-W-]m
Zym jU ZtXn amkmw kvXm
]c-tem-I-n-tep D[zm\w sNp A[n-Ir-X-cmb
Krl--m-cn bmsXm-cp- Cns\ Adn-bp-p-thm,
bmsXm- cp- Ac-Wy-n {i X]v XpS-n-bh D]m-
kn-p-p-thm, Ah An-c`- n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-Xsb
{]m]n-p-p. An-n \nv Al-c-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-
X- tbbpw Al-n \nv, ip-]-m-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-
X-tb-bpw, A]q-cy-am-bW ]-n\nv kqcy hS-
tmp t]mhp-p-thm, B amk--fmb D-cm-bW tZh-
X-tb-bpw, D-cm-bW tZh-X-bn \nv kwh--cm-`n-am-
\n-bmb tZh-X-tb-bpw, kwh--c-n \nv BZn-Xy-
t\bpw BZn-Xy-\n \nv N{- t\-bpw, N{-\n\nv hnZyp-
n- t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. AhnsS Aam-\-h-\mb ]pcp-j
{_-tem-I-n\nv hcp-p. B ]pcp-j {_s
{]m]n-p-p. CXv tZh-bm-\-sap ]d-bp am-am-hp-p.
AY b Cta-{Kma Cm ]q Z
anXyp-]m-kt- X, tX [pa a`n kw`-hn;
[qam-{Zm{Xnw cmt{X c]-c]
- -, a]c
]m-Zym jUvZ-n-ssW-Xnamw
kmw kvXm, ss\tX kwh--c-a`n
{]m]v\ p-h- n.
{Kma-n, Chpw ]q-hp-amb Zm\w XmXv]-cy-
tm-Sp-IqSn sNp-Xv BcmtWm Ah [qam-`n-am-\n-bmb
tZh- Xsb {]]n-p-p. [qa-n\nv cm{Xym- `n- am-\n-\n-bmb
tZh-X-tb-bpw, cm{Xn-bn \nv IrjvW-]-m-`n-am-\n-bmb
tZh-X-tb-bpw, A]-c-]-- n\nv kqcy Zn-W-Zn-n-
tep t]mIp Bdp-am- k- ns A`n-am\n tZh- X- I- tfbpw
{]m]n-p-p. Ch kwh--cm-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-Xsb
{]m]n-p-n-.
N P
239
amtk`yx ]nXr-temIw ]nXr-temIm K
ZmIm-i, amIm-im--{-akw; Gj
tkmtam cmPX tZhm-\m-a-w, Xw,
tZhm `-b-Xn.
amk--fn \np ]nXr-tem-I-t-bpw, ]nXr-tem-I-
n \nv BIm-i-t-bpw, BIm-i-n \nv N{-a-
n-t\-bpw, {]m]n-p-p. Cu N{-av {_m-W-cpsS cmPm-
hmb tkma-\m-Ip-p. tZh-m-cpsS Aw AXm-Ip-p. B
A- amb N{-a-ns\ tZh-m `n-p-p.
Xkvan bmhw ]mX-ap-jnXzmf
ssYX-ta-hm[zm Xw ]p\n-h
t XtY-X, amIm-i, amImim Zzm
bpw, hmbp`qXzm [qtam `h-Xn, [qtam
`qXzm f{Zw `h-Xn.
A{`w `qXzm tatLm `hXn; tatLm
`qXzm {]hjXn; X Cl {holn-b-hm,
Huj-[n-h-\-kv]-X-b, kvXne-amjm CXn
Pmbt AtXm ssh Jep Zpnjv{]
]X-cw, bmtbm ly-a-n, tbm tc
Xx kn-Xn, XZv`qb Gh `h-Xn.
B N{-a--e - n I- -b w-h sc hkn- n-v ,
ASpp ]d-hm t]mIp hgn-p- Xs t]mb-Xp-t]m-se,
hopw Xncn-p-t]m-cp-p. BIm-i-tbpw BIm-i- n
\np hmbp-hn-t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. hmbp-hm-bn-onv
[qa-ambn ]cn-W-an-p-p. [qa-am-bn-onv hj-ambn
]Xn-p-p. Ah ChnsS {holn-Ifpw bh-fpw Huj-
[n-I-fpw, hr-fpw Xne-fpw amj-fpw ap-ambn P\n-
p-p. Cm-c-W-m \njv{I-an-p-hm hfsc {]bm-
k-am-Wv. Bscmw B As `n-p-p-thm, an-
hmdpw AXns Fmw Ah-b-h--tfmSpw BIr-Xn-tbmSpw
IqSn- b-h-\m-bn-Xo-cp- p.
XZy Cl ca-Wob Nc-Wm, A`ymtim
l bt ca-Wobmw tbm\n-am-]-tZy-c;
{_mW tbm\nw hm {Xnb tbm\nw
hm sshiy-tbm\nw hm AYb Cl I]q
b Nc-Wm, A`ymtim l bt I]qbmw
tbm\n am]-tZy-c, iztbm\nw hm kq
Ic-tbm\nw hm Nm etbm\nw hm
B A\p-i-bn-I-fn BcmtWm Cu temI-n tim`-
\-amb ioe-tmSp IqSn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv Ah tim`-\-
amb tbm\nsb AXm-bXv {_-W-tbm-\n-tbtbm {Xn-b-
tbm-\n-tbtbm sshiy-tbm-\n-tbtbm thKw {]m]n-p-p.

I bmsXm-cp- Cu temI-n Atim-`\- -io-e-m-cm-bn-cn-
p-p-thm, Ah Atim-`\ - -amb tbm\nsb AXm-bXv
iztbm-\n-tb-tbm, kqIc tbm\n-tbtbm Nm-et- bm-\n-
tbtbm thK-n {]m]n-pw.
AssY-Xtbmx ]tYm IX-tcW N\,
Xm\o-am\n p{ZmWy kIrZm ho\n
`qXm\n `hn; Pmb-kz-{an-b-tkztXy
XXv XrI-Xobw m\w tX\m ku
temtI \ kw]qtX; Xkvam-q-Kp]vtk
X; XtZj tmIx
]ns GXp `qX- C-d cp am-fn
Hnepw IqSn t]mIp-n--tbm, A-s\-bp Cu `qX-
]e {]mhiyw Bhn-p Cu, sImXp- I,v ]pgp
apX- emb p{Z--fmbn `hn-p-p. P\n-epw acn-epw
aqm-as m\-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ]c-temIw \nd-
bp-n-. AXn-\m kwkm-c-KXn shdp--Ww.
kvtXt\m lnc-Wyky kpcmw ]n_w Kp
tcmkvXev] am\-k {_lm N GtX
]Xn NXzmcx ]-am ffNcw
kvs sXcnXn
kzw tamn-p-hpw, aZy-]m\w sNp--h-\pw, pw. Ahv Ah tNmZn-p--sXmw ]dp sImSp-
Kpcp-Zm-c-sf ]cn-{K-ln-p--h-\pw, {_-Ws\ sImp-- p-hm Rm\p-m-ln-p-n-. Ctm Rm thsdmcp
h\pw Cu \mep-t]-cpw Ah-tcm-Sp-IqSn {]hn-p D]-tZ-m-hns\ A`y-\p-im-kn-mw.
Am-a-t-h\pw ]Xn-p-p.
AY lb GXm ]m-o thZ,
\ k l ssXc ]ymN-c ]m]va
\m en]ytX ipx ]qXx ]pWytem
tIm `hXn b Ghw thZ, b Ghw thZ
Bcv Cu ]m- n-Isf Cs\ Adn-b p-p-thm,
Ah ta-d alm-]m-X-In-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn {]-hn-m-
epw, ]m]-m en]v\m-I-bn-. Cs\ Bcp Adn-bp-p-
thm, Ah ip-\mbpw ip-am--s--h\- mbpw ]pWy-
amb temI-ap--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
{]mNo-\-i me Hu]-a-\yhx kXy-bx
]uepjn, cn{ Zypavt\m `m-th-tbm,
P\x im-cm-tm, _Une Aiz
Xcm-iznkvtX ssltX alm-imem alm
t{im{Xnbmx ktaXy aoamwkm N{Iqx
tIm\ Bm, Inw {_tXn
N P
240
K
henb b- im-en- I- tfmSp IqSn-b-hcpw henb kvtXm{Xn-
b-m-cp-amb D]-a-\yp-hns ]p{X-\mb {]mNo-\-im-e ]peq-
js ]p{X\m kXy-b- Zm-hn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb C{-
Zyp-av\, i-cm-s ]p{X-\mb _pUn-e Ch Hcn-
Sv Hcp-an-q-In-Sn. Bm-thXv {_ GXv Fv hnNm-c-W-
sN-bvXp.
tX l km-Zbmw N{I-cp-m-etIm sse
`K-htm fb amcpWnx k{_-Xn-aam
m\w sshiz-\-c-a-t[yXn; Xw lm`y
Km-taXn Xw lm`ym Ppx
]qPy-m-cmb Ah Xv D]-tZ-m-hns\ Btem-
Nn-p. Acp-Ws ]p{X-\mb Cu Dm-e-I sshiz-\-c-\m-
Ip Cu-m-hns\ th hn[-n Adn-b p- p.
Ctm Chs\ \apv A`ym-K-an-mw. Cs\ \n-bnv
Dm-e-Is
- \ A`ym-K-an-p.
k l km-Zbmw NImc {]yn amanta
alm-imem alm-t{im{Xn bmkvtXt`ym \
kh-anh {]Xn-]t; lm la-\y-a-`y\p
imkm-\ oXn
B BcpWn hnNmcnp: henb b-im-en-I-tfm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-b-hcpw alm t{im{Xn-b-m-cpsS Ch, FtmSp tNmZn-
Xm tlmhm-Nm-iz-]Xnssh `K-htmf
bw ssI tI bx kw {]Xo-a-am-m\w
ss]izm \c-a-t[y-XnXw lm-`y-Km
taXn Xw lm`y-Ppx
Ah-tcmSp ]dp: Atbm `K-hm-mtc! tItI-bs
]p{X- \mb Cu Aiz- ]Xn F cmPmhv th- hn-[-n Cu
sshizm- \- c- s\ Bm- hns\ Adn- bp-p. Ahs\ Ctm
\apv A`ym-K-an-mw. Fp \n-bnv Aizm-]-Xnsb
A`ym-K-an-p.
tXt`ym l {]m]vtX `yx ]rY KlmWn
Imcbmw NImc k l {]mXx kwPn
lm\ DhmN: \ ta kvtXt\m P\-]-tZ,
\ IZtm \ aZyt]m \m\m-lnXm
nm-hn-Zzm, \ sskzco sskzcn-Wo,
IptXm, by-amtWm ssh `K-htmf
la-kvan, bmhtZ ssIIkvam EXzn tP
[\w Zmkyman XmhZv `K-hZv t`ym
Zmkym-an, h CXn.

I {]m]vX-cmb Ahp {]tXyIw km-c- sNn-
p. B cmPmhv {]mXx Ime-n hn\-bt- m-Sp-IqSn
]dp: Fs \mn I-\n-. Ir]-W C. aZy-]\ - n-
. Aym-[m\w sNm--h\ - n-. hnZzm-m-tc-bp-p. ]c-Zm-
c-K-a\w sNp--h-\n-. Zp-N-c n-Wn-bmb kv{XoI-fn-.
Atbm `K-hm-m-tc, Rm bmKw sNm t]mI-bm-Wv.
Htcm EXzn-n\pw Fp-am{Xw [\w Rm sImSp-ptam
A{Xbpw `K-hm-m-cmb \nv Xcp-p-v. `K-hm-m
ChnsS hkn-p-hn.
tX tNmNpt\ sslhm-t\ ]pcpj
tc-Xv, Xw sslh htZ-Xv, Bm\
ta thaw sshizm-\cw kw{]-Xy-t[yjn;
Xtah t\m {_qlo-Xn.
Ah ]dp: GXp {]tbm- P-\s D-t-inv ]pcp- j
Hcm-fpsS ASp- sNp-p-thm, AXp-Xs ]d-p
sImSp--Ww. Bm-hp-X- s- bmb Cu sshiz-\-cs\ icn-
bmbn Av Adn-bp-p. B sshizm-\-c-s\-s R
v ]d-p-X-cq.
Xm tlmhmN {]mXhx {]Xnh
m kvaoXn, tX kanXv ]m-Wbx
]qhm lvtW {]Xn-N{- I-antc; Xm
lm\p ]\ossb sshX-Zp-hmN
Ah-tcmSv Aiz-]Xn ]d-p. cmhnse \np {]Xyp-
cw \Imw. Ah ssII-fn kan-p-It- fm-Sq-InS
]qhm-- n cmPmhns ASp-sN-p. Ahsc D]- Ah
\- bnmsX Xs Xmsg- - d- bp sshizm- \- c- hnm\w ]d- kn-p--Xv, AXv hniz-cq-] Fp {]kn--\mb sshizm-
p-sIm-Sp-p.
]{mw Jw
Hu]-a-\y-h, Iw Xzam-m-\-hp-]m CXn;
Znh-tah `Kthm cmP-nXn tlmhm
N; Gj ssh kpX Pm Bm
sshizm-\-tcmbw Xzam-m\ ap]mt
Xkvam hkpXw {]kp-X, amkpXw
Ipte Zriy-tX.
D]-a\yp ]p{Xm, Av GXv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn- pp
Fp cmPmhp tNmZn-p. ]qPy-\mb cmPm-th, tZymhn-s\-
s Fv alm-im-e adp-]Sn ]d-p. Av D]m-kn-
p-Xv kptX-P-sp ]d-bp sshizm-\-c-\mb Bm-
hm-Ip-p. B Bm-hns\ \o D]m-kn-pp. AXn-\m
\ns Ipe-n kpXhpw {]kq-X-hpw, Akq-Xhpw ImW-
s-Sp-p. (A-Xm-bXv \ns Ipe-n-ep--h Iw sNp-
-h-cm- sW-w)
N P
241
Ayw ]iy-kn-{]n-bw, Ayw ]iyXn K
{]nbw, `hXyky {_-hkw Ipte b
GX tah-am-m\w sshizm-\c ap]m-kvtX,
aqmtXzj Bm\ CXn tlmhmN; aq
mtX hy]-Xn-jyZy mw\ fKanjy CXn
\o As `n-p-p. {]nbs ImWp-p. Bcv
C{]-Imcw Cu sshiz-\-c-\mb Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-p-
thm, Ah Aw `n- pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-
n {_-hkw Dm-hpw. Fm CXv Bm-hns
aqm-hm-Ip-p Fp ]d-p. Fs ASp- Ap
hn-m-bn-cpp Fn, At apmhv hoWp-t]m-Ip-am-
bn-cp-p Fp IqSn--d-p.
]Xn-aqmw Jw
AY tlmhmN kXy-bw ]uepjnx:
No\-tbm-Ky, Iw Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn
BZn-Xy-ta-h. `Kthm cmP-nXn tlmhmN;
Gjssh hniz-cq] Bm-ssh-iz\
tcm bw Xzmam-m-\-ap-]mt; Xkvam
h hniz-cq]w Ipte ZriytX
]pep-js ]p{X-\mb kXy-b--t\mSv ]d-p. A-
tbm, {]mNo\-tbmKym, Av GXns\ Bm-hmbn D]m-kn-
pp? ]qPy-\mb cmPmth BZn-Xy-s\-s Fp
]d- p. Av GXn-s\-bmtWm Bm-hmbn D]m-
\-c\
- mb Bm-hm-Ip-p. AXn-\m \ns Ipe-n
hfsc Cl- ]- c-tem-I-p- th- n-bp D]-I-cWw ImWp-
p.
{]hrtm fizX-co-ctYm Zmko-\njvtImf
yw ]iy-kn-{]nbw Ayw ]iy
Xn {]nbw, Zh-ky {_-hkw
Ipte, b GX tah-am-m\w sshizm
\c-ap-]mkvtX! Np-jvtTz-X-Zm-\
CXn tlm hmN tm f`hntjym bZn
amw\m ffKanjy CXn.
Aiz-X-c n-I sf sIn-bn-p cY-hpw, Zm-kn-It- fmSp
IqSnb lmc-hpw, \n\-p-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p. \o As
`n- p-p. \o {]nbw ImWp- p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Cu
sshizm\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah
Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Chs Ipe-n
hrm- y-b-\- k-arn Dm-hp-p. CXv Bm- hns Np-
m-Ip-p. Av Fs ASp- hn-cp-n--n A-
\m-bn-o-cp-am-bn-cpp Fpw ]d-p.
 242

I ]Xn- memw Jw {]P-sb-smpw [\w-sImpw kar--\m-bn-cn-p-p. K

AY tlmhm-tN-{-Zypav\w `m-thbw: Ay-w, ]iykn {]nb-a-yw ]iy
sshbm{L ]ZyIw Xzam-m-\-ap]m Xn {]nbw; `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipteb
t CXn. hmbp tah `Kthm cmP GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\-c-ap-]m-kvtX,
nXn tlmhmN Gj ssh ]rY-Kz kwtZ-l-kvtXzj Bm\ CXn tlmhmN
m ffm sshizm-Xt- cmbw Xzamm kt-lkvtX hyio-Zymw \m ffKan
\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzmw ]rYKv _ jy CXn.
eb Bbn ]rY-{KY t{iWtbmf \pbn Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Bcv Cu
`m-hn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb C{-Zyp-av\-t\mSv tNmZnp: A- sshizm-\-c\ - m-Ip Bm-hns\ Cs\ D]m-kn-p-
tbm, hy{L-h-ns ]p{Xm, Av Fn-s\-bmWv Bm- pthm Ah Aw `n-pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs
hmbn D]m-kn-p-Xv? ]qPy-\mb cmPmth hmbp-hn-s\- Ipe- n {_- hkw Dm-Ipw. Fm CXv sshizm-
s Fp ]d- p. Av GXn-s\- bmtWm Bm-hmbn \- c s a[y- a - i - c o-
c-am-Ip-p. Av Fs Acn-In hn-
D]m-kn-p-Xv AXv hmbp ]rY-Kzm-shp t]cp m-bn-cpp Fn At-bpsS icocw hnio-am-bn-o-
Bm-hmb sshizm- \- c- \m-Ip-p. ]rY-Kzm-sh Bm- cp-am-bn-cp-p.
hns\ D]m- kn-p- - Xn-\m thsdthsd D]- lm-c- A-
bpsS ASp- hcp- p. thsd thsd tX\n- c- I Asb
A\p-K-an-p-p. ]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
Ay-w, ]iykn {]nbw; Ayw AY tlmhmN _pUn-ea - m-iz-X-cmiznw:
]iyXn {]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw sshbm {]]-ZyIw Xzam-m-\-ap-]m
Ipte b GX-tah amm\w sshizm CXn. A] Gh `Kthm cmP-nXn tlm
\c ap]mkvtX; {]mW-kvtXzj Bm\ hmN. Gj sshc-bn-cmm sshizm\
CXntlmhmN; {]mWkvX DZ-{In-anjy tcm bw Xzam-m\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzw
Zv bmw \ ffKanjy CXn cbn-am ]pjvTn-am-\kn

Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. BcmtWm Aiz-X-cm-izs ]p{X-\mb _pn-et- \mSv ]dp:

Cu sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv, Atbm hy{L-]-ns ]p{Xm, Av GXns\ sshizm-\-
Ah Aw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-n {_-hkw c-\mbn D]m-kn-pp Fv tNmZn-p. A-tbm, ]qPy-\mb
Dm- Ipw. Fm CXv sshizm- \-cs {]mW- \m- Ip- p Fv cmPmth Ap-I-sf- -s -bm-I pp Fv _pn-e
]d-p. Av Fs ASp- hn-m-bn-cpp Fn Dcw ]d-p. Av GXns\bmtWm Bm-hmbn D]m-
A-bpsS {]mW D{I-an-p-I-am-bn-cpp Fpw ]d- kn-p-Xv CXv cbn Fp {]kn--\mb Bm-hmb
p. sshiz-c-\-c-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Av [\-ap--h-\mbpw
]pn-bp--h-\mbpw Ccn-p-p.
Ay-w, ]iykn {]nbw, AXyw ]iy
]Xn-\ mw Jw Xn {]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipte,
AY tlmhmN P\w: im-cm-y, Iw b GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\c
Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn. BImi ta ap]mkvtX; hkvXn-kvtXzj Bm\ CXn
h `Kthm cP-nXn tlmhm-N. Gj tlmhmN; hkvXnkvtX hyt`-y-`ymw
ssh _lpe Bm-ssh-izm-\tcm bw \m ffKan-jyXn
Xzam-m\ ap]mt; XkvamXv Xzw _lp
Av Aw `n-p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. Bcv C{]-
tem fkn {]Pbm N [t\\ N. Imcw Cu sshizm-\-c-\m- Ipp Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p- p-
P\-t\mSv ]d-p. Atbm, i-cm-- ]p-{Xm, Av thm, Ah Aw `n- pw. {]nbw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-
Fns\ Bm-hmbn D]m-kn-p-p. ]qPy-\mb cmPm-th, n {_-h-ckw Dm-Ipw. Fm CXv Bm-
BIm-i-s--s Fp-cw ]d-p. Av GXn-t\- hns hkvXn-bm-Ip-p Fp ]d-p. Av Fs ASp-
bmtWm Bm-hmbn D]m- kn- p-Xv AXv _lp-e Fp hcm-Xn-cpp Fn At-bpsS hkvXn-sm-n-tm-
t]cp Bm-hmb sshizm- \- c- \m-Ip- p. AXn- \m Av Ip-am-bn-cpp Fp-IqSn ]d-p.
N P
 243

I ]Xn-t\gmw Jw -fnepw Fm Bm--fnepw Aw `n-p-p.'' K

AY tlmhm-tNm-m-eI
- -am-cpWnw: KuX Xky l hm G Xkyff t\m sshizm\
a, Iw Xzam-m\ ap]m CXn. ]rYnhn tah cky-aqssh kptX-Pm, phn-izcp
`Kthm cmP-n-Xn-tlm-hmN Gj ssh {]XnjvTm ], {]mWx ]rY-Kzm-m, kt-tlm,
ffm sshizm-\tcm bw Xzam-m\ ap]mt _lp-tem, hkvXn-tc-h-cbnx ]rYn thyh
XkvamXv Xzw {]Xn-jvTntXm fkn{]-bmP ]mZm, hpc Gh thZn, tmam
N hip-`n-. \n_ln, lrZbw Kml-tXym, at\mf
\zm lm-]-N\ Bky aml-h-\obx
Ayw ]iykn-{]nbw; AXyw ]iyXn
A-s\-bp Cu sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip Bm-hn\v
{]nbw `h-Xyky {_-hkw Ipteb ZyptemIw aqm-hm-Ip-p. BZn-Xy Np-m-Ip-p.
GX-tah amm\w sshizm-\-ca
- p]m hmbp {]mW-\m-Ip-p. BImiw ico-c-am-Ip-p. A- Im-c-
kvtX; ]mZu-tXzXm hm\ CXn tlm W-amb Ap-I aq{Xm-i-b-am-Ip-p. ]rYnhn ]mZ--fm-Ip-
p. sshizm-\-cm--I-\mb t`mm-hns Dcv kwkvI-cn-
hmN: ]mZu tX hym-tkyXmw bmw
-s Xd-bm-Ip-p. tcma- Z`--fm-Ip-p. lrZbw
\m ffKanjy CXn Kml- ]-Xy- \m- Ip- p. a\v A\zm- lm- h- N-\m- Ip- p. hmbp
AcpW ]p{X-\mb Dm-eI - t- \mSv ]d-p. A-tbm, Bl-\-h-\o-b-\m-Ipp.
KuX-am, Av GXv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-pp? Fp
tNmZn- p. `K-hm- \mb cmPmth ]rYnhn Xs- bm-Ipp Fv
- ]d-p. Av GXv Bm-hn-s\-bmtWm D]m- ]sm]Xmw Jw
Dm-eI
kn-p-Xv CXv {]XnjvT Fp ]d-bp Bm-hmb XZyZv `w {]Y-a-am-K-tXv Xtm
sshizm-\-c-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Av {]P-I-sf-sm-pw, aobw, kbmw {]Y-am-am-lpXnw Pqlpbm
]ip-- sf-smpw {]Xn- jT v n-X- \m- bn-cn-p-p. Aw `n-
Xv Xmw Pqlp-bmXv {]mWmb kzm
p-p. {]nbw ImWp-p. BcmtWm Cu Bm-hmb
sshizm-\-cs\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah Aw `npw tlXn, {]mW kv Xr]y-Xn.
{]nbw ImWpw. Chs Ipe-n {_-hkw Dm- Ans\ Ccns GXv A- amtWm Hm-a-Xmbn hcp-
hpw. Fm Ch Bm-hns ]mZ--fm-Ipp Fv Xv AXv tlman-p-hm-\p km[-\-am-Ip-p. GXv tlman-
cmPmhv ]d-p. Av Fs ASp- BK-an-n-m-bn- ptm AXns\ {]mWm-b-kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww.
cpp Fn At-bpsS ]mZ- Xfp-t]m-Ip-am-bn- {]mW Xr]vX-\m-Ipw.
cpp Fp-IqSn ]d-p.
{]tW Xr]yXn Np-kvXr-]y-Xn, Np
jn Xr]y-Xym-ZnXy kvXr]yXn BZntXy
]Xn-s\mw Jw Xr]yXn Zyu kvXr]y-Xn, Znhn Xr]yymw
Xm tlmhmN: GtX ssh Jep-bqbw bXv In Zyu ffZnXy m[nXn
]rY Knth aam-m\w sshizm-\cw jvT XkvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr]y
hnZzmwtkm fa; bkvtXzX tajw {]m Xn {]P-bm, ]ip-`n, cm-tZy\ tXP
tZi am{X-a-Zn-hn-am-\-am-m\w sshizm\ km {_-h-tk-t\-Xn.
\p]mkvtX; k kthjp temtIjp kthjp {]mW Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Npp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.
`qtXjp kth-jzm--k z--a-n. Npp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm BZn-Xy Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.
BZn-Xy Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm tZymhp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.
cmPmhv ]d-p. ""\n Cu Bm-hmb sshizm-\- tZymhp Xr]vXn-s-Sp-tm tZymhpw BZn-Xy\pw GXn- s\-
cs\ thsd thsd F- t]mse hnNm-cn- p-sIm- mWv Aw bmtWm A[n-jvT n-X- am- p- Xv AXv Xr]vXn-s -Sp- p.
`n-p--Xv. Fm Bcm-tWm, C{]-Imcw {]mtZ-i-am- AXns Xr]vXnsb XpSv {]P-sb-smpw ]ip--sf-
{X\pw A`n-hn-am-\\pw Bb sshiz-\-c- \mb Bm-hns\ smpw Aw apX-em-b-Xp-sImpw tXP-p-sImpw
D]m-kn-p-p-Xv, Ah Fm temI--fnepw Fm `qX- {_-hkw sImpw Xm\pw Xr]vX-\m-bn-o-cp-p.

N P

I Ccp-]Xmw Jw
AY bmw ZznXobmw Pqlp-bmmw Pqlpbm
Zvhym\m-bb kzmtlXn; hym\kv Xr]y-Xn.
hymt\ Xr]y-Xn-t{im{Xw Xr]yXn; t{im{X
Xr]yXn N{-am-kvXr-]yXn; N{-akn
Xr]yXn Znikv Xr]yn `np Xrhyo
jp bXv Inw N Znix t{im{Xw Nm[nXn
jvTn XXv Xr]yXn; Xkym-\p-Xr]vXnw Xr]y
Xn {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c
- mtZy \ tXPkm
{_-h -tk-t \Xn
cm- as BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p-Xv AXns\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm hnZypv Xr]vX- bm-Ipw. hnZypXv Xr]vX-
hym\mb kzml Fv tlman--Ww. hym\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip- bm-Ip-tm hnZyp-pw, ]P-\y\pw bmsXm-ns\ A[n-
tm t{im{Xw Xr]vX-\m- Ip-p. t{im{Xw Xr]vX-\m- Ip- tm Xn-jTv n-X-am-ptm AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
N{- Xr]vX- \m-Ipw. N{ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Znp-I
Xr]vX- -fm-Ipw. Znp-I Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm Znp-Ifpw
N{- apw bmsXm-n- s\-bmtWm A[n- jvTn-X-am- p-Xv AXv Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
Xr]vX-am-Ipw. AXns Xr]vXnsb XpSv {]P-sb-sm-
pw, ]ip--sf-smpw Aw apX-em-b-Xp-sIm-pw,
tXP-p-sIm-pw, {_-h-kw-sImpw Xm\pw Xr]vX-
\m-bn-o-cp- p.
Ccp-] n Hmw Jw
AY bmw XrXobmw Pqlp-bmXv Xmw Pqlp
bmZ ]m\mb kzmtlXn; Ahm-\kvXr]yXn
A]mt\ Xr]yXn hmr-]yXn; hmNn
Xr]yym ankv Xr]yXn; Au Xr
]yXn ]rYnhn Xr]yXn; ]rYnhymw Xr]y
m b Inw N ]rYn-ho-Nmn m[nXn
jvTX-kvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr
]yXn {]Pbm ]ip`n cm-tZy\ tXP
km {_-h-tkm-t\-Xn.
aqm-as BlqXn bmsXmp tlman-ptm B
Blp-Xnsb A]m-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww. A]m-
\ Xr]vX-\m-Ipw. A]m-\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm hmIp
Xr]vX-am-Ipw. hmIp Xr]vX-am-hp-tm An Xr]vX-am-hpw.
An Xr]vX-\m-hp-tm ]rYnhn Xr]vX-bm-Ipw. {]Ynhn
Xr]vX-bm-Ip-tm ]rYn-hnbpw Anbpw bmsXm-nt\
A[n-jT v n-X-am-ptm AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
Ccp-] - n-c mw Jw
AYbmw NXpnw Pqlp-bmXv Xmw Pqlp
bmXv kam-\mb kzmtlXn; kam-\kvXr]yXn
N P
244
kamt\ Xr]yXn a\kv Xr]yXn; a\kn K
Xr]yXn ]P\y kvXr]yXn; ]Pt\y Xr]y
Xn hnZyp-r-]yXn; hnZypXn Xr]yymw bXv
Inw hNn-Zyp ]P-\y-ivOm-[n-Xn-jvTX kvXXv
Xr]yXn; Xky\p Xr]vXnw Xr]yXn {]Pbm
]ip-`n-c
- m-tZy\ tXPkm {_-h
tkt\- Xn.
\mem- as BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p- Xv AXns\
kam-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman--Ww. kam-\ Xr]vX-\m-
Ipw. kam-\ Xr]vX-\m-Ip-tm a\p Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
a\p Xr]vX-am- Ip- tm ]P- \y Xr]vX-\m- Ipw. ]P- \y
AY bmw ]ao Pqlp-bmXv Xmw
Pqlp-bm-Zp-Zm-\mb kzmtl-Xn, DZm-\kv
Xr]y-Xn.
DZmt\ Xr]yXn XzIv Xr]yXn; XzNn
Xy]yymw hmbp kvXr]yXn; hm bu Xr]y
Xym Imi-kvXr-]yXn BImti Xr]yXn
bXv Inw N hmbp m ffImi m[nXn
jvTX-kvXXv Xr]y-Xn, Xkym\p Xr]vXnw Xr]y
Xn {]Pbm ]ip-`n-c
- m-tZy\ tXPkm
{_-h t-k -t\-Xn.
Am-a s BlqXn GXmtWm tlman- p- Xv
AXns\ DZm-\mb kzmlm Fv tlman- -Ww. DZm-\ Zr]vX-
\m-Ipw. DZm- \ Xr]vX- \m-Ip- tm Xzp Xr]vX- am-Ipw. XzIv
Xr]vX-am-Ip-tm hmbp Xr]vX- am-Ipw. hmbp Xr]vX-\m-Ip-
tm BImiw Xr]vX-\m- Ipw. BImiw Xr]vX- am-Ip- tm
hmbphpw BIm-ihpw GsXm-n- s\-bmtWm A[n-jT v n-X-am-
p-Xv AXp Xr]vX-am-Ipw.
Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
k b CZa hnZym-\n tlm{Xw Pqtlm-Xn,
bYm fv Kmcm-\-t]mly `kva\n Pqlpbm
Xv XmZrIv XXv kymXv
BcmtWm Cu sshizm-\c Zi\w Adn-bmsX An-
tlm-{Xs tlman- p- Xv Ahs B An- tlm{Xw F{]-
Imcw, I\- ep-I \on-bnv Nm-en tlman-ptm AXp-
t]m- se-bm-bn-o-cpw.

I AY b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\ntlm{Xw
Pq]p-Xn, Xky, kthjp temtIjp k
thjp `qtXjp kth-jzm--kp-lpXw `hXn.
BcmtWm C{]- Imcw Adnv An-tlm{Xw tlman- p- mw. AsXms Cu Aym-b
Xv Ahs An-tlm{Xw Fm temI--fn-epw, Fm bpw, a\-It- bpw IY CXn ]d-bp-Xv hnZy Ghpw
`qX-- fn-epw, Fm Bm--fnepw tlman- -s--Xm- bn-o- t{ijvT-am-Wp ImWn-p-p.
cp-p.
XZy-tY-jn-Im-Xp-e-a-su t{]mXw {]
Zqtb-ssXhw lmky kth ]m]vam\x
{]Zq-bt b GX-tZhw hnZzm-\n
tlm{Xw Pqtl-Xn.
BcmtWm Cu sshizm-\c Zi\w Adnv An-
tKm{Xw tlman-p--Xv, Ahs Fm ]m]-fpw An-
bn {]n-]X
v - amb CjoI Fp ]d-bp XrW-hn-ti-j-
ns ]n An-bn {]n-]vX-am-bm Fn-s\-
bmtWm Zln-p--X,v Ans\ Zln-p-p.
XkvamZp sslhw hn`yp-Zy]n Nmem
tbmnw {]b-t-Zm-ln sslhm
ky XssZz-izm-\tc lpXw ky ZnXn, X
tZj-tmIx,
C{]-Imcw Adn- bp--h Nm-e\v Dnw sImSp-m-
epw, Chs B Dn-jvT-Zm\w sshizm-\-c-\mb Bmhv
tlman--s- -Xm-bn- o-cpw. B hnj-b-n Xmsg- -d- bp
tmIw Dv.
btY l p[nXm _mem amXcw ]p
]mkX Ghw khmWn `qXm-\yn
tlm{X ap]m-kX CXn. An tlm{X
ap]m-kX CXn.
GXp-{]-Imcw Cu temI-n hni-p _me-m
amXm-hns\ Npn-q-Spt\m, AXp-t]mse Fm `qX-fpw
An-tlm{Xw D]m-kn-p-p. (hn-Zzms t`mP-\-m
temIw apgp- h Xr]v X - a m- b n- o- c p- s av kmcw.)
Antlm{X-ap-]m-kX CXn Fp cp {]mhiyw ]d-n-
cn-p-Xv Aymbw Ah-km-\np Fp ImWn-m-\m-Wv.
Bdmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Cu PK-smw {_-n\nv P\n-p- Xpw {_-
nXs ebn-p-Xpw {_-m Pohn-p-Xpw
BsWp aqmw Aym-b-n ]d-n-p-v. {_-
n \np PK-p-m-hp-Xpw AXns ebn-p-
Xpw AXp-sIm-p-Xs Pohn-p-Xpw Fns\ Fp
XpSp ]d-bp-p. Hcp hnZzm t`mP\w sNbvXm PK-
N P
245
smw Xr]vX- am-Ipw. AXv Fm `pX- -fnepw nXn-sN- K
p Bmhv Hm-sW- nse D]- ]- - am-I-bp- p. Bmhv
thsd thsd Ccn-p ]w AXv A\p-]-]--am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m Bm-hns GIXzw Fn-s\-bm-Wv ImWn-
- n ]d-bp-p. A-t-
tizX-tI-Xplm fcptWb Bk; Xw
l ]ntXm-hmN- - tizX-tI-tXm, hk
{_-N-cyw, \ sshtkmaym kva
Ipeot\m \\qNy {_-_p cnh `h-coXn
Acp-Ws ]u{X-\mbn tizX-tIXp Fsm-cm Dm-
bn-cp-p. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhp ]d-p. Atbm tizX-tI-
Xp, \o {_- Ncyw ]men- q. Atbm kuaym, \psS Ipe-
n-ep--h Ay-b\w sNmsX {_-_-p-hn-s\-
tmse Bbn-o-cm ]mSn-.
k l ZzmZi hj Dt]-Xy, NXphnw-iXn
hjx khm thZm-\-[oXy alm-a\m
B \qNm-\-am-\o-kvX_v[ Gbmb Xw
l ]ntXm-hmN: tizX-tI-tXm, b\p
tkmtayZw alm-am\m A\q-Nm-\a - m\o
kvX_vt[mkn? DX X amtZi a{]m
tym, tb\m-{ipXw {ipXw `hXy aXw
aX-a-hn-mXw hnm-X -an-Xn.
tizX-tIXp ]{p hb-m-b-tm BNm-cys ASp-
sNp. Ccp-] - n- \mep hb-m-b-tm- Fm tZh-
fpw ]Tnv al-mb a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbpw Xm
kmvK-amb thZw ]Tn-p-I-gn--h-\m-W-p A`n-am-\-
tmSp IqSn-b-h-\mbpw hW--an-m--h-\mbpw Krl-
n Ign-p-Iq-Sn. Ah-t\mSv ]nXmhv ]d-p. Atbm
tizX-tI-Xp, kuaym, \o Cs\ alm-a-\-m-bpw, Xm
A-Nm- \-\m- sWp hnNm-cn-p- - h-\m- bpw, hW--an-m- -
h- \mbpw Ccn- p-p. AXp- sImv GXv BtZ-i-m {ihn-
-s- Sm- Xv {ihn- - s- -Xm- bpw, Duln- -s-Sm- Xv Duln-
-s--Xmbpw \n-bn--s-Sm-Xv \n-bn--s--Xmbpw
Xocp-pthm B BtZ-is imkv{X-Nm-tcym-]-tZ-i--sf-
smv Adn-b-s-tS hkvXp-hns\ \o Fp-sImp
tNmZn-n?
IYw \p `Khx k BtZtim `h-XoXn
Atbm `K-hmt\ B BtZiw GXp-{]-Im-c-n-ep--
Xm-Wv. tizX-tIXp tNmZn-p.
bYm tkmssay-tI\ ar]n-t-\-hw
hrbw hnmXw kyZzmNm fcw`Ww
hnImtcm \ma-t[bw; an tItXyh kXyw

I bYm tkmssay-tI\ teml-a-Wn\m khw
teml abw hnmXw kyZzm-Nm- ffcw`
Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw; teml-antXy hkXyw
bYm tkmssay-tI\ \J \nIrt \khw
ImjvWm-bkw hnmXw kymZzmNm ffcw
`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw, teml-an-tXy,
h kXyw.
bYm tkmssay-tI\ \J Irt t\\
khw ImjvWm-bkw hnmXw ky
ffcw`-cWw hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw, IrjvWm
bk-an-tXyh kXyw Ghw tkmay k
BtZim `h-XoXn
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]Im-c-sa-m Hcp ar]n
w sImv arns hnIm-c-am-bn-p--sXmw Adn-b-s-
-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. hnIm-c-sap ]d-bp-Xv hmns\ B{i-
bn-p \ma-t[bw am{X-am-bn-cn-p-p. arnI Fp--
Xp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym, Hcp
kph-]nw sImv kph-am-bn-p--sXmw Adn-
b-s--Xm-bn-o-cpw. hnIm-c-sa-p-Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-
n-cn-p-p. kphw Fp--Xp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--
Xm-Ip-p. Atbm kuaym Fns\ Fm Hcp \Jw
hmn-smv Imcn-cp-p-sIm-p--sXmw Adn-b-s--Xm-
bn-o-cp- p. hnIm-c-sa- p-Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p
\ma-t[-b-am-Ip-p. Imcn-cp-s-pXp kXy-am-bn-p-Xp
Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. Atbm kuaym, B BtZiw C-s\-
bm-Ip-p.
\ ssh \q\w `K-h-kvX G XZ-thZn
jpx btZy XZ thZn-jy IYw taXm
hy-n-Xn, `Khmw kvtXzh-ta-XZv
{_ho-Xzn-Xn, XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN
`K-hm-m-cmb Fs Kpcp- Ap ]d Cu
hkvXp-hs\ Adn-n-n-. Fs-m CXp Adn-n-p-
m-bn- cpp Fn F\np ]d- p-X-cm- Xn- cp--sX- n-s\-
bmWv? `K-hm Xs F\nv AXp ]d-p-X-m-epw.
Fv tizX-tIXp ]d-p. Atbm ku-\ym, An-s\-bm-
Is Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.
cmw Jw
kztZh tkmtay Za{K Bko-tZI tahm
ZznXobw; XssI Blpc k tZthZ
a{K Bko-tZI tahm-Zzn-Xobw; XkvamZ
kXx km-bX
N P
246
Atbm kuaym, CXv apv kPm-Xo-b-ambn thsd Hn- K
m-Xpw hnPm-Xo-b- ambn thsdm- n-m-Xpw Bb kp-
am{Xw Bbn-cp-p. Bhn-j-b - n Hcp Iq ]d-bp-p.
CXv ap]v GIw-am-{X-am-bn-p-Xpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb Ak-
p-X- s- bm-Ip-p. B Ak-n \nv kv Dm-bn.
IpXkvXp Jep tkmssayhw kyZnXn
tlmhmN; IY akXx kn-tb-tX-Xn,
ktzh tkmtay-Z-a{K Bko-tZI
tahm-Zzn-Xo- bw.
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]am-W-n \nmWv C{]-
Imcw kw`-hn-p-Xv? BNm-cy tNmZn-p. Ak-n
\nv kv Fn- s\-bp- mIpw? Fpw ]d-p. Atbm
kuaym, Cu PK-vapv GIw Xs-bm-bp--Xpw, AZzn-
Xo-bhpw Bb kp-am-{X-am-bn-cp-p.
XssZ X _lpkymw {]Pm-tb-tb-Xn,
X-tPm-fkr-PX XXv tXP sFXv
_lp kymw {]Pm-tb-tbXn; XZt]m fkr
PX, Xkvam-Zy-{X-IzN timNXn tkzZtX
hm ]pcp-j-kvtX-Pk Gh XZ-[ymt]m
Pmbt
B kv F\np ]e-Xm-IWw F\np {]P-\n-- Ww.
Fv Zi\w sNbvXp. B kv tXP-ns\ krjvSn-p.
B tXPv F\np ]e-Xm-bn- o-cWw; {]P-\n-Ww Fn-
s\ Zi\w sNbvXp. B tXPv Ap-Isf krjvTn-p.
AXn-\m Ftm-gmtWm ]pcp-j kwX-]n- p-I-tbm, tkzZn-
tbm sNp-Xv Atm tXP-n \np-Xs Ap-
I P\n-p-p.
Xm B] sF _lzyx kyma
{]Pmtb alo-Xn, Xm A-a-kr-P-,
Xkvam-Zy-{X-Iz-jN hj-Xn, XtZh
`qbn-jvT-aw `hXn BZv`y Gh
XZ-[y-mZyw Pmb-tX.
B Ap-I \apv ]e-Xm-I-Ww, {]P-\n-Ww Fv
Cun-p. Ah {]Yn-ho-cp-]-amb Aw krn-p. AXv
Fhn-sS-bmtWm hjn-p-Xv Ahn-sS-s A[n-I-amb
Aw Dm-Ip-p. B AmZyw Ap-I-fn \np-Xs
Dm-Ip-p.
aqmw Jw
tXjmw J tezjmw `qXm\mw {XotWyh
_oPm\n `h-y-Pw PohP apZv
`n-an-Xn.

I Cu `qX-v A-n \np P\n- -X,v Poh- \n
\np P\n--Xv, DZv`n-n \np P\n-Xv Cs\ aqp
am{Xsa _nP--fp-q.
tkbw tZh-ssX-X lm-lan
amkvXnt{km tZhXm At\\ Poh
t\m ff\m \p{]-hniy \ma-cpt]
hymI-c -hm-Wn- Xn.
Cu tZhX Rm Cu aqp tZh-X-I-fn Cu Poh-\m-
Ip Bm-hp-sImv A\p-{]-hn-in-nv \ma-tbpw cq]-
tbpw hymI-cnmw Fv Cun-p.
Xmkmw {XhrXw {Xnhr-Xt- a-ssIImw
Ic-hm-Wo-Xn, tkbw tZhtX amkvXn
t{km tZhXm At\-ss\h Poth\m
ff\m f\p{]-hniy \ma-cpt] hymItcmXv
B tZh-X-I-fn Hmtcm-n-t\bpw apq-p-]n-W-bp--
Xmmw Fv Cun-nv An-s\-bp kZm-n-I-bmb
Cu tZhX tXP-p-ap-X-emb Cu aqp tZh-X-I-fn, Cu
Poh-\m-Ip Bm-hp-sIm-p-Xs A\p-{]-th-inv \ma-
cq-]- shfn-s-Sp-n.
Xmkmw {XnhrXw {Xnhr-Xta ssI
Ima Itcm-Xv, bYm Xp Jep tkmtay
am tZhXm kv{Xn hr{n hrtZ
ssIIm-`h
- Xn Xt hnPm\o loXn.
B tXPp apX-emb tZh-X-I-fn Htcm-n-t\bpw apn- p. Ir-jW v am-bn-p--tXtXm AXv A- ns cq]-am-Ip-
Wn-bm-n-Xop. Atbm kuaym, Fm F-s\- p. N{-\n \nv N{Xzw t]mIp-p. hnIm-c-sa-Xv
bmtWm Cu aqp tZh-X-I Hmtcmpw apn-Wn-bmbn Ccn- hmns\ B{i-bn-p \ma-t[-b- am-Ip- p. aqp cq]-
pXv A{]-Imcw Fs ASp- \nv Adn-p- sIm- p. Fp-Xv am{Xw kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
Fv BcpWn ]d-p.
\memw Jw
bZ-t-tcm-lnXp cp]w tXP-k-kvX-{Zp]w;
bqw XZ ]mw; bXv IrjvWw XZ
ky, A]m-Km-Z-t-c-nXzw hmNm
ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw {Xo
Wncp-]m-Wo-tXyh kXyw
An-bpsS tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns
cq]-am-Ip-p. ip-amb cq]w GtXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS cq]-
am-Ip-p. IrjvWmb cq]-tatXm AXv A- ns cq]-am-
Ip- p. An- b n \nv An Fp Ah
s]mbvtm-Ipp. hnIm-c-sa-Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p
\ma-t[-b-am-Ip-p. aqp-cq-]- Fp--Xp-am{Xw kXy-
am-bn-p-- Xm-Ip- p.
N P
247
bZm-Zn-Xyky tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP K
kkvX{- Zp]w; bq-w, XZ-]mw,
bXv IrjvWw XZ-ky; A]m-KmZm
ZnXyXzw; hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm
\ma-t[-bw, {XoWn cp]m-WotXy hkXyw
b-{-atkm tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP
kkvX{- Zp]w; bqw XZ-]mw, b
rjvWw XZ-ky; A]m-Km--{--{Xzw
hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[-bw,
{XoWn cp]m-W o-tXy-h-k-Xyw.
b ZznZyptXm tcmlnXw cq]w, tXP-kkvX
{Zp]w bbvOqw XZ ]mw bIrjvWw
X Z-ky, A]m-Km-Zzn-ZyptXm hnZypzw
hmNm ffcw`Ww hnImtcm \ma- -t[bw
{XoWn-c p-]m-Wo-tXyh kXyw
BZn-Xys tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns
cq]-am-Ipp. ip-amb cq]-tatXm AXv Ap-If - psS cq]-
am-Ip-p. IrjvWamb cq]-tatXm AXv A-ns cq]-
am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy-\n \nv BZn-XyXzw t]mbn. hmns\
B{i-bn- p \ma-t[-b-am- Ip- p. aqp cq]- Fp- Xv
kXy-am-bn-p-Xv am{X-am-Ip-p.
N{s Nph cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-ns cq]-am-
Ipp. ip-am-bn-p--tXtXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS cq]-am-Ip-
hnZyp-ns tcmln-X-amb cq]w GtXm AXv tXP-
ns cq]-am- Ip-p. ip-amb cq]-tatXm AXv Ap-I-fpsS
cq]-am-Ip-p. IrjvW-amb cq]-tatXm AXv A-ns
cq]-am-Ip-p. hnZyp-s-p cq]w A]-K-an-p. hnIm-c-sa-
Xv hmns\ B{i-bn-p \ma-t[-b-am- Ip-p. aqp cq]-
Fp-Xv am{Xw kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
GX-kva-ssh-X-Zzn-Zzmwk Blpx
]qth alm-imem alm t{im{Xnbm
\t\mf Zy Im\m {ipX aa-X-ahn
mX apZm lcn-jy-XoXn tlymt`ym
hnZmw N{Ipx
A-s\-bp Cu {Xnhr-c-Ws Adn-n-p
Ign-p-t]mb alm-im-en-If - mb alm-t{im-{Xn-b-m ]d-
n-p-v. Ctm \psS Ipe-n Hcp-ht]mepw
{ihn--s-Sm--Xn-t\-tbm, a\\w sN-s-Sm--Xn-t\tbm

I DZm-l-cn--bn-. Fs-m tcmln-XmZn cq]--fn\nv
Ah AXv Adn-p.
bZp tcmln X anhm-`q-Zn-Xn, tXP-k-kX
{Zp]-anXn XZzn Zmw N{Ipx bZp ip
anhm-`q-Zn-Xy]mw cq]-anXn XZznZmw
N{Ipx bZp-IrjvW anhm-`q-Zn-Xy--ky-cq]
anXn XZznXmw N{Ipx
bZz hnm-Xa
- n-hm-`q-Zn-tXy-Xm-k mta
h tZh Xm\mw kamk CXn XZznZmw
N{Ipx bYm Jep \p tkmtay-amkvXn
t{km tZhXmx ]pcpjw {]m]y-{Xn-hrXv
{XnhrtZ ssIIm `hXn Xw hnPm \o loXn
GXp cq]-amtWm tcmlnXw t]mse tXmn-bXv AXv
tXP-ns cq]-am-Ipp Fv Ah Adn-p. GXmtWm
ip-sa--t]mse Ahv tXmn-bXv AXv Ap-If - psS
cq]-sav Ah Adn-p. GsXmcp cq]-amtWm IrjvWw
t]mse tXmn-bXv AXv A-ns cq]- sav Ah Adn-
p. GXmtWm C-sXp Xncn--dn-bm ]mSn-m--Xp-
t]mse tXmn-b-Xv, AXv Cu tZh-X-If- psS kap-Zm-b-sav
Adn-p. Atbm kuaym, GXp-{]-Im-c-amtWm Cu aqp
tZh-X-I ]pcp-js\ {]]n-nv Htcmpw apq-w-i-ap--
Xmbn Xocp-Xv AXv Fs ASp- \n-dn-p-sIm-
p-I.
Amw Jw
A-a-inXw t{X[m-hn-[n-btX; Xkybx
]njvtTm [mXp kvXXv ]pcojw `hXn
tbm ay-a-kvX-mw-kw, tbmfWnjvTkvX \x
`n- -s Aw aqp {]Im- c- n Bbn- o-cp-p. ns Aap-hmb Awiw GtXm AXv taevt]mv Hcp-anp
AXns Ghpw e-amb Awiw GtXm AXv ]pco-j-am- s]mp-p. AXp a\-m-bn-o-cp-p.
bn-o-cp-p. a[y-a-amb Awiw GtXm AXp amwk-am-bn-
o-cp-p. Ghpw sNdnb Awiw GtXm AXv a\-m-bn-
o-cp- p.
B]x ]oXm kvt{X[m hn[o-b-t, XmUmw
bw hnjvtTm [mXp-kvX - q{Xw `hXn;
tbm a[y-a-kvX-mw-kw, tbm fWnjvTx k
{]mWx
]m\w sN-s Ap-I aqp hn[-n Bbn-o-
cp-p. Ah-bpsS Ghpw qe-amb Awiw GtXm AXv
aq{X-am- bn-o-cp-p. Ghpw sNdp-Xm-bn- p Awiw GtXm hmb Awiw GtXm AXv tat]mp s]mp-p. AXv
AXv {]mW-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
N P
248
tXtPm-inXw t{X[m hn[o-b-tX, Xky K
bx hnjvtTm [m XpkvXZ n`-hXn-,
tbm a[yax ka-m, tbm fWnjvT x
kmhm-I v.
`n--s tXPv aqp-{]-Im-c-n hn`--am-bn-
o- c p- p. tXP- ns Ghpw eq-a mb Awiw
GXmtWm AXv An-bm-bn-o-cp-p. a[y-a-amb Awiw
GtXm AXp a BIp-p. Ghpw AWp-hm-bn-p--
tXtXm AXp hmm-Ip-p.
A-abw ln tkmay-a-\, Bt]m
abx {]mW-kvtX-tPm-abo hmK-Xn, `qb
Gham `K-hm hnm-]b XznXn,
XYm, tkmtayXn tlm hmN
Atbm kuaym, a\v A- a-b-am-Ip-p. {]mW Pe-
a-b-am-Ip-p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn-bm-Ip-p. Fv BcpWn ]d-
p. `K-hm-\mb Av hopw F\nv a\-n-em-n--
cn-I. Fv tizX-tIXp At]-np. Atbm kuaym A-
s\-bm-Is Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p.
Bdmw Jw
Z[v\x tkmay, aYy am\ky tbmfWnam
k Duzx kapZojXn; XXv kn`hXn
Atbm kuaym, aYn--s-Sp Z[n-bpsS AWp-hmb
Awiw GtXm AXv tatm-mbn Hp tNv s]mp-
p. AXv kn-m-bn-o-cp-p.
Gh-tah Jep tkmaym-ky iyam-\ky
tbm fWnamk Duzx kap-Zn-j-Xn,
Xt\m `h-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Cs\ Xs Ain- - s- Sp A-
A]mw tkmay, ]ob-am-\m\mw tbmf
Wnam k Duzx kap-Zo-j-Xn, k
{]mtWm `h-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, ]m\w sN-s-Sp Ap-If
- psS
AWp-hmb Awiw GtXm AXv tat]mp s]mp-p.
AXp {]mW-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
tXPkx tkmay-iy-am-\ky tbmfWnam
k Duzx kap-Zo-jXn; kmhmKv `h-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Ain--s-Sp tXP-ns AWp-
hmm-bn- o-cp-p.
 249
I A-abw ln tkmay a\, Bt]m-abx
{]mW, kvtXtPm-abo hmKnXn; `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn;
XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN
Atbm kuaym, a\v A-a-b-am-Ip- p. {]mW Pe-
a- b-\m-Ip- p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn- bm-Ip-p. Fv BcpWn ]d-
p. `K-hm-\mb Av hopw F\np a\-n-em-n--
cq. Fp tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. Atbm kuay An-
s\- bm-I-s .
Ggmw Jw
tjmU iIex tkmay ]pcpjx, ]
Z-im-lm-\nam fiox Ima-a]x
]n_mff-t]m-abx {]mtWm \ ]n
_tXm hntyX CXn.
Atbm kuaym, ]pcp-j ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-tfmSp IqSn-
b-h-\m-Ip-p. ]Xn-\p Znh- ktv \o `Ww Ign- m-
Xn-cn-q. C-t]mse Pew ]m\w sNbvXp-sIm-q. ]m\w
sNm--h\v Pe-a-b\ - mb {]mW hntZw {]m]npw
Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.
k l ]-Zi - m-lm\n \m ffi; AY
ssl\ ap]m-k-kmZ: Inw{_-hoan
t`m CXn; ENx tkmay-b-Pqwjn
kmam \oXn ktlm-hm-b, \ ssh am
{]Xn-`mn t`m CXn.
Ah ]Xn-\p Znh-k-tbvp `Ww Ign-n-
. ]nXm-hns ASp- sNp. ""Atbm ]nXmth Rm
Fp ]d-bWw'' Fp tNmZnp ""EXp--tfbpw, bPq-p-
I-tf-bpw, kma--tfbpw'' Fp ]nXmhp ]d-p. AXp-
tIv tizX-tIXp ""Atbm ]nXmth F\np tXmp-n''
Fp ]d-p.
Xw tlm hmN: bYm tkmay, al
tXm f`ymln Xssky tIm fvKm
cx JtZym Xam{Xx ]cn-inx kym
Xv, tX\ XtXm ]n\ _lp-Z-tlXv
Ghw tkmay, tX tjmU-im\mw
Iem \mtaIm Iem fXnin-jvTm-kymXv;
Xssb Xln-th-Zm \m\p `hkn;
Aim-\m, Y ta hnmky koXn.
tizX-tI-Xp-hn- t\mSv ]nXmhp ]dp: Atbm kuaym,
Fns\ al-mb hnd-Inp hf-nb An-bpsS anm-
an-\p-n-t\m-f-ap Hcp I\ ]cn-in--am-bn-cn-ptm B
N P
sNdnb I\sImv AXn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn Zln-m- K
Xv Fn-s\-bmtWm AXp-t]mse \ns ]Xn-\mdp Ie-
I- fn Hv tijn-n-cn- pw. B Ie- sImv Ctm \o thZ-
Adn-bp-n-. \o `Ww Ign-q. ]ns Fs
hmn \nv \n\v a\-n-em-mw.
k lm ffimY ssl\ ap] kmZ
Xw l bXv InwN ]{]-, kh
l {]Xnt] tZ
tizX-tIXp `Ww Ign-p. A\-cw ]nXm- hns ASp-
sNv Ah-t\mSv Fsmw ]nXmhv tNmZn-pthm
AXns\ Fmw Ah Adn-n-cp-p.
bYm tkmay altXmf `ymlnX
sskyI avKmcw JtZym-X-am{Xw
]cn-inw Xw XrssW-cp] kam-[mb
{]mPze tbXv tX\ XtXmf ]n _
lpZtl tZhw tkmay, tX tjmUim
\mw Iem-\m-taIm Iem fXninm f `q
Xv; km f t t\m] kam-lnXm {]m
Pzeo-Xv. Xssb Xln thZ-\-\p-`hkn.
Atbm kuaym, GXp {]Im-c -a mtWm hnd-I np
hfn- bn-p henb XobpsS tijn-n-p anm-an-\p-
n-t\m-f-ap Hcp I\]p-p-I Iqn {]Pz-en-nv ap]n-
es Ag-en \np IqSp-X-embn Zln-n-p--Xp-t]mse
\ns ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-fn Hcp Ie Ah-ti-jn-n-cp-p. B
Ie A-m- hfn {]Pz-en-n-q. B Ie-sImv
Ctm \o thZ-sf A\p-`-hn-p-p.
A abw ln tkmay, a\, Bt]m
abx {]mW-kvtXtPm abo-hm-KnXn
Xmky hnP-m-hn-X n, hnPmhnXn.
Atbm kuaym, a\v A- a-bs - av kn-am-b-tm.
{]mW Pe-a-b\ - m-Ip-p. hmv tXtPm-a-bn-bm-Ip-p.
]nXmhv ]d-p. ]nXm-hns B hN\w tizX-tIXp a\-n-
em-n.
Fmw Jw
Dm-etIm lm ffcpWnx tizX-tIXpw
]p{X-ap-hmN, kz]v\mw ta tkmaym,
hnPm-\o-loXn b ss{X Xcv ]pcpjx
kz]nXn \ma kXm tkmay XZm k
tm `h-Xn, kza-]otXm `h-Xn, X
kvamtZ\w kz]n-XoXym N-tX, kzwly
]otXm `h-Xn.

I Acp-W] - p-{X-\mb Dm-eI - ]p{X-\mb tizX-tI-Xp-hn-
t\mSp ]d-p. Atbm kuaym, Fs hN- \- n \np
kz]v\m-s Adnbq Fp ]d-p. Atbm kuaym,
GXp Ime-n ]pcp-j kz]n-p-p. F t]cp--Xm-
Ip-tm, Atm ksp ]d-bp tZh-X-tbmSv GIo-`q-
X-\mbn `hn-p-p. kz- cq-]s XncnsI {]m]n--h-\mbn
`hn- p- p. AXn-\m Ch- s\-n kz]n- pp Fp euIn-
I-m ]d-bp- p. Fp-s Im-s-m kz-cq-]s
XncnsI {]m]n-h - \
- m-bn-o-cp-p.
k bYm, iIpXnx kqt{XW {]_-tm,
Zniw Zniw, ]XnXzm f\y{Xm ffbX\
ae _v[zm _ \tathm ]{i-bX
Gh-tah Jep tkmay, Xt\m Zn
iw Zniw ]Xn-Xzm-f\y{Xm ffbX-\a
e_v[zm, {]mW-tathm ]{i-btX;
{]mW-_-\w ln tkmay a\ CXn.
GXp {]Im-c-amtWm Nc-Sp-sImv _n--s ]n,
Htcm Znnepw NmSn-tmbn asm-cn-Sv hn{i-a-m\w e`n-
m-sX, _-\ - -\-s-Xs B{i-bn-p-tm, AXp-
t]mse B a\v Htcm Znnepw NmSn-tmbn ad-sdm-cn-Sv B ]pcp- j ]m\w sNbzm Cn- pp Fp ]d- bm-dpv.
hn{i- a-m\w e`n-msX {]mW-s\-Xs hv B{i-bn-p- ]m\w sN- s--Xns\ tXPp \bn- p- p. AXn-\m GXp
p. Fp-sIm-s- m Atbm kuaym, a\v {]mW-
\m-Ip _-\-m-\-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p.
Ai-\m]n ]mtkta tkmay hnPm\o
loXn bss{X XXv ]pcptjm finin-jXn
\mam ff] Gh XZ-inXw \b-t, X
ZyYm tKm\mtbm fizm\mbx ]pcp-j\m
b CtXyhw XZ] BN-tX i\m
tbXn Xss{X-XO- qvK ap]-XnXw
tkmay, hnPm-\oln t\Z-a-aqew `hnjyXo-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Fs hN-\ - n \np Ai-
tbpw ]n]m-k-tbbpw Adn-bp. Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.
Ftm-gmtWm ]pcp-j Ain-p-hm Cn-pp Fp
]d- bp- - Xv, Atm Ain- -s- -Xns\ Ap- I Xs \bn-
p-p. GXp-{]-Imcw tKm\m-b, Aiz-\m-b, ]pcp-j-\m-
b Fp ]d-bptm A{]-Imcw Atm Ap- Isf Ai-
\mb Fp euIo-I-m ]d-bp-p. An-s\-bn-cn--bm
DZvK-X-am-bn-cn-p Cu ico-c-am-Ip Ap-c-s, kuaym,
\o Adn-bq. Cu icocw aqe-an-m--Xmbn `hn--bn-.
Xky Iz aqew kymZ--{Xm-m? Gh
tah Jep tkmay t \iq-vtK\m
t]m aqe a\zn; AZv`nx tkmay,
ipvtK\ tXtPm-aqe a\zn-, tX
Pkm tkmay ipv tK\ kq-e-a\zn
N P
250
; kqemx tkmtayamx {]Px K
kZm-b-X\mx kXv{]-X njvTmx
B ico-c-n\v Aw Hgnv aqew FhnsS DmIpw?
kuaym, Cs\ A-am-Ip iqKvw sImv A-
ns aqe-amb Ap-Ise a\-n-em-q. kuaym, Ap-
I-fm-Ip iqKvw sImv aqe-amb tXPv Adn-bq.
kuaym, tXP- m- Ip iqKvw sImv aqe-amb kns\
Adn-bq. Atbm kuaym, Cu {]P-Is - fmw km-Ip
aqe-tmSp IqSn-bh- bpw km-Ip Bb-X- \-tm-Sp-Iq-
Sn-b-hbpw km-Ip {]Xn-jTv -tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bhpw BIp-p.
AY bss{X-XXv ]pcpjx ]n]m-kXn
\ma, tXP Gh-X-Xv]oXw \btX;
XZy-Ym, tKm\mtbm fiz\mbx ]pcp-j\m
b CtXyhw XtP BN DZ
t\yXn, Xss{X-Xt- Zh ipvK ap]
XnXw tkmay hnPm-\o-ln, t\Z-a-aqew
`hn-jy-X o-Xn.
Ftm-gmtWm ]pcp-j ]m\w sNm Cn-p-Xv
{]Im-c-n tKm\m- b ]pcp-j Fp ]d-bptm A{]-
Imcw tXP-ns\ DZ\y Fv temIw ]d-bp-p. An-s\-
bn-cns Atbm skuaym, Cu ico-cw-Xs DZvK-an-n-
p Awp-c-sav Adnbq. CXv aqe-an-m--Xmbn `hn--
bn- .
Xky Iz aqew kymZ-\y-{Xm-Zn-t`ymfZv`nx
tkmay; ipvtK\ tXtPm aqe-a-\zn-,
tXPkm tkmay, ipvtK\ kqe
a\zn; kqemx tkmtayamx khx
{]Px kam-b-X\mx k{]-XnjvTmx b
Ym\p Jep tkymtay-am-kvXnt{km tZhXmx
]pcpjw {]m]y-{Xn-hrXv {Xnhr-tZ-s sIIm
`hXn XZpw ]pckvXm tZh `h-Xn,
Aky tkmay, ]pcp-jky {]b-tXm-hmv
a\kn k-Zy-tX, a\x {]mW-kvtX-Pkn
tXPx ]ckymw tZh Xmbmw
B ico-c-n\v Ap-I-f-msX aqew FhnsS Dm-Ipw.
kuaym, Ap-I-fm-Ip irvKw sImv aqe-amb tXPv
Adn-bq. kuaym, tXP-m-Ip ipvKw sImv aqe-amb
kns\ Adn-bq. Atbm kuaym, Cu {]P-Is - fmw
km-Ip aqe-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hbpw km-Ip Bb-X-
\-tmSp IqSn-bh- bpw km-Ip {]Xn-jvT-tbmSp IqSn-

I bhpw BIp-p. kuaym, GXp {]Im-c-amtWm tXPp apX-
emb Cu aqp tZh-X-I Hmscmpw ]pcp-js\ {]m]nv
apq-p-hn-[-ambn Xocp--sXv t\cs ]dnp-v.
kuaym-tZlw hnp-t]m- Ip Cu ]pcp-js hmv a\-n
GIo-`-hn-p-p. a\v {]mW-\n GIo-`-hn-p-p. tXP-
p-]c
- -bmb tZh-X-bn GIo-`-hn-p-p.
k b Gtjm Wnssa-X-Zmy anZw khx
X-Xyw, k Bm, XXv Xzakn tizX
tItXm CXn. `qb Gh am `K-hm
hnm-\-]b
- -XznXn bYm-tkmtay XntlmhmN.
PK-ns aqe-amb AWpXzw GtXm AXv Cu PK-
s-m-am-Ipp Bm-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ah-bm-Ip-p.
AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-I p- p. AXp-X s PK-
ns Bm-hm-Ip-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXv
\obmIpp Fv BcpWn ]d-p. ]qPy-\mb Av
hopw F\np a\-n-em-n--cq. tizX-tIXp At]-n-
p. skuaym, A-s\-bm-Is Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.
H]Xmw Jw
bYm tkmay a[p a[p IrtXm \nkvXnjvT
n \m\m-Xy-bm\mw hrmWmw c
km ka-h-lmc ta IrXmw ckm
Ka-bn; tX bYm X{X\ hnthIw e`
t apjymlw hr-ky-ktcm fkvanXn;
Gh-tah Jep-tkm-ayamx khmx
{]Pmx kXn kZy \ hnZpx kXn
kZy al CXn.
Atbm kuaym, tX\o- - I a[p Xm]- c y-
tmSpIqSn \njv]m-Znp \m\m-K-Xn-I-fmb hr--fpsS
ck-sf GIo-Ic - n-nv Hs-p Ah {]m]n-n-
ptm A{]-Imcw B ck- B a[p-hn Rm C
hr- ns ck-am-Ip- p. hnth-N n-n-p m\w
e`np-n-. kuaym, C-s\-Xs Cu {]P-Is - fmw
kn GIo-`-hnp kn GIo-`-hn-pp Fv \mw
Adn-bp- n- .
X Cl hymt{Lm-hmknw tlm hm hrtIm
hm hcmtlm hmIo tSm hm ]Xw
tKm hm Zwtim hm aitIm hm bZy
Zv`n XZm-`-hn
Ah Cu temI-n hym{Lm-tam, lwk-tam, sNm-
tbm, hcm-ltam, IoStam ]mtbm Cu-tbm, sImXp-tIm,
GsXmw Bbn- o-cp-pthm Xncn-p- hv AsXmw Xs-
bm-bn-o-cp-p.
N P
251
k b Gtjm fWnssa, XmZm--anZw K
khw XXv, kXyw k Bm XXv Xz
akn tizX tItXm CXn-`qb Gh,
am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm
tkmtay Xntlm hmN
PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWpXzw GtXm, Cu PK-
smw AXm- Ip Bm-thm- Sp-Iq-Snb Ah--bm-Ip-p.
AXp- Xs kXy-am- bn-p--Xm- Ip-p. AXp- Xs PK- ns
Bm- hm-Ip-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXp \obm-Ip-p.
Fv BcpWn ]d-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\np
a\-n-em-n- -cnI Fv tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. kuaym,
A-s\- bm- Is Fv Dm-e- I ]d-p.
]mw Jw
Camx tkmay, \`yx ]pc-kvXm {]mNyx
kyt; ]mXv {]mXoNyx Xmx
kap-{ZmXv kap-{Z-ta-hm-]n-bn; k k
ap{Z Gh `hXn Xm bYm X{X \
hnZp-cnb al-a-kvaob al-a-kvXoXn
Gh-tah Jep tkmtayamx khmx
{]Pmx kX BKay \ hnZpx k
X BK-m-al CXn
Atbm kuaym, Cu Ing-tmp t]mIp \Zn-I
Ingt Znn-tev Hgp-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-tdmp t]mIp-h
]Sn-m-tdmv Hgp-Ip-p. Ah kap-{Z-n \np-mbn
kap-{Z-ns ebn-p-p. AXv kap{Zw Xs- bm-bn-
o-cp-p. B \Zn-I Fn-s\-bmtWm Rm C \Zn-
bm-Ipp Rm C-\-Zn-bm-Ipp Fv Ah Adn-bp-n-
m. Cu {]P-I-sfmw kn \np hnv \mw kn
\np hcpp Fv Adn-bp-n-.
X C l hymt{Lm hm knwtlm hm
hrtIm hm hcmtlm hm IotSm hm
]Xw ftKm hm aitIm hm bZyZv
`hn XZm-`-hn
k b Gtjm f Wn ssaX-Zm-y-anZw
khw XXv kXyw k Bm XXv
Xzakn tizX tItXm CXn `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]mb
XznXn XYm tkymtayXn tlmhmN
X Cl hymt{Lmhm CXym-Xn-bpsS hymJym\w apn-e-
t-tmse Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]nXm-hs hN\w tI-Xn-\p-

I tijw tizX-tIXp ]d-p, temI-n, Pe-n, hoNn-
X-cw-Kw, t^\w, _pZv_pZw apX-em-bh Dm-Ip-Ibpw Imc-
W-cq]w {]m]np \in-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Poh-
Znhkw tXmdpw kpjp-]vXn-bn-epw, ac-W-n-epw, {]f-
b-nepw AXns Imc-W-ns Ah-sb {]m]n-p-
sIm- n-c p-npw \in- m-Xn-c n- p--X -n-s \-b m-W v
Zrmw sImv F\np ImWn-p-X-cWw CXp tIp
]nXmhv As\ BIs Fp k-Xn-p.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
Aky tkmay altXm hrky tbm
aqte f`yml-\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
tbmat[y f`yml-\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
tbm ft{K f`ym l\ym-o-h {kth-Xv,
k Gj Poh\m ff\m f\p {]`qXx
t]]o-b-amt\m tamZ-amt\m kvXnjvTXn
Atbm kuaym, Cu al-mb hr-ns aqe-
n Bsc-nepw shp-I-bm-W-n Pohn-n-cp Id Hen-
pw. Bsc-nepw a[y-n shp-I-bm-W-n Pohn-n-
cpv Id H-enpw. Bsc-nepw Av shp-I-bm-W-n
Pohn-n-cpp Id Hen-pw. A-s\-bp Cu hrw
Poh-\m-Ip Bm-hn-\m A\p-hym-]vX-am-bnv ]m\w
sNbvXp-sImv tamZn-p-\n-evp-p.
Aky-b-tZImw imJmw Pothm Plm
XyY km ipjyXn; ZznXobmw PlmXy
Y km ipjyXn; XrXobmw Clm-XyY
kmip-jyXn; khw PlmXn khx ipjyXn
Cu hr-ns Hcp imJ Poh Ftmhn-Sp-
pthm Atm B imJ DW-p-p. cm-as
imJsb Ftm hnSp-pthm Atm AXv DW-p-p.
apgp-h hr- s-s Ftm hnSp- pthm Atm
apgp-h hrhpw DW-n-tm-Ip-p.
Gh-tah Jep tkmay, hnoXn
tlm hmN Pohm-t]Xw hmh
InteZw {anb-tX, \ Pothm {]nbX
CXn. k b Gtjmf Wnssa XZmy
anZw khw X-Xyw, k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn `qb Gh
am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm
tkmayXn tlmhmN
Atbm tkmaym, CXp-t]m-se-Xs Poh- \m hnap--
amb Cu icocw Xs acn-p-p. Po-h acn-p-p-.
Fv Adnbq Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p. Poh \nXy-am-Ip-
N P
252
p. PK-ns aqe-amb ksp ]d-bp AWp-`m-h- K
ta-tXm, AXp Cu PK-ns Fmw Bm-hm- bn-cn-p-p.
AXp kXy-am-bn-cn-p-p. Atbm tizX-tI-tXm, AXp \o
Xs-bm-Ip- p. ]nXmhv ]d- -Xp-tI tizX-tIXp ]d-p.
AXy-- q-ehpw \ma-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xpamb PKv
AXyw kqva-hpw \ma-cq] cln- -hp-amb kn \nv
Dm-Ip--sX-n-s\-sbv F\np a\-n-em-n--c-Ww.
An-s\-bm-Is Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p.
]{mw Jw
\yt{Km-[-^-e-aX Bl-tc-Xn. CZw `K
h CXn. `nv[oXn `nw `Kh CXn
Ina{X ]iy koXn. AWzy Cth am
[m\m `Kh CXn. Bkmaw ssKImw
`nMv[o-Xn. `nw `Kh CXn. Ina{X
]iy-koXn \Inw N \ `Kh CXn
\y t{Im[-ns (t]-cm-en-s) Hcp ^ew sImp-h-cq.
Fv Dm-e-I ]d-p. AXp s]mnp ]nXmhv Bh-iy-
s-p. AXp s]mn-p. `K-hm-t\, Atm ChnsS \o Fp-
Im-Wpp? Fp ]nXmhv tNmZn-p. hfsc sNdnb _oP-
ImWpp Fv ]p{X Dcw ]d-p. FtSm Ch-
bn Hp s]mnq Fp ]nXmhp ]d-p. s]mn-p. `K-
hmt\ Fp--chpw ]d-p. CXn FmWp ImWp--
sX Dm- e- I tNmZn-p. Hpw ImWp- n `K- hmt\ Fv
Dcw ]d-p.
Xw tlmhmN: bw ssh tkmssay
X aWn-am\w \ \n `me-bk GXky
ss]tkm ssay tjm fWnav\ Ghw
alm \yt{Km[ kvXnjvTXn; {i
z tkmtay-Xn.
Btiz-X- tI-Xp-hn-t\mSv ]nXmhp ]dp: \o GX-Wn-am-
hn-s\-bmtWm ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Xv kuaym, Cu AWn-am-
hns Imcy-ambn Cu hep-Xmb t]cm acw Dm-bn-\n-
evp-p. A-tbm, kuaym, {in-q.
k b Gtjm fWn ssa, XZm-y-anZw khw,
XXyw k Bm, Xz-akn tizX
tItXm CXn, `qb Gh am `K-hm
hnm-]-b-XznXn XYm tkmtayXn tlm hmN.
PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWpXzw GtXm AXv Cu
PK-smw Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-Xns Ah- -bm-Ip-p.
AXv kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp PK-ns Bm-hm-
Ip-p. AXv \obm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\np
a\-n-em-n--cq. kmWv PK-ns aqe-sa-n {]Xy-
- ambn Adn- bm-Xv Fp-sIm-mWv? kuaym, Ans\
BIs Fv ]nXmhv ]d-p.

I ]Xn-aqmw Jw
eh-W-ta-X-Zp-Z-tIy-h[m bY am {]mXcp
]ko-ZYm CXn kXYm NImc Xw
tlmhmN btmjm ehW apZtI?
hm[m AvK XZm-lt- cXn Xm-h-ar
iy \ hnthZ bYm; hneo-\-tah
Cu eh- Ws sh-n Cnv cmhnse Fs ASp-
p-h-cq. Fp ]nXmhp ]d- p. tizX-tIXp AXp-t]mse
sNbvXp. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhv ]d-p. cm{Xn-bn GXp
ehWw \o sh-n Cp-thm, AXv FSp-p-sIm-p-
hcq Fv B eh-Ws t\mn ]d- p. AXv apv Fn-
s\-bn-cp-pthm Ans\ In-. AXv sh-n Aen-
p-t]m-bn-cp-p.
AvKm-kym-m-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn
eh-W-anXn a[ym-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn
Am-Zm-Nm-taXn IY-anXn eh-W-anXn
A`n-{]m-ssky-X-ZY tam]-ko-ZYm CXn
X XYm NImc X-izXv kwh
tX Xw tlmhmN A{X-hmh Ine k
Xv tkmay \ \n`m-eb - tk? ss{Xh-In-te-Xn.
Atbm hm, Cu Pe-ns apI`m-Kp \nv
BN-an-q. Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p. Fns\ Ccn-pp
Fp tNmZn-p. Dp- c-k-apv Fv ]p{X adp-]Sn ]d-p.
a[y-n\nv BN-anq Fp ]d-p. Fn-s\-bn-cn-
pp Fp tNmZn- p. Dp-c- k-apv adp-]Sn ]d-p. ASn-
bn\n-m-N-anq CXn-\p- tisj Fn-s\-bn-cn-pp
Fp ]nXmhp tNmZn--tm Dp ck-apv Fp ]p{X
Dcw ]d-p. Cu ehWw If-nv Fs Acn-In
hcq. Fp ]nXmhv ]d-p. ]nXmhp ]d-Xpt]mse
tizX-tIXp sNbvXp B ehWw Fm-bvt]mgpw D-Xmbn
Ccn-pp Fp ]d-p. Ah-t\mSp ]nXmhv ]d-p.
kubm C-s \-X s Cu ico-c - n-s -b p
kns\ \o ImWp-n-. Cu ico-c - ns thsd
D]mbw sImv AXns\ \n\p {]Xy--am-mw.
k b Gtjm fWn ssa XZm-y-anZw
khw XXv kXyw, k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn. `qb
Gham `K-hm hnm-h-b-XznXn
PK-ns aqe-amb Cu AWp-Xzw, Cu PK-smw
CXm-Ip Bm-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xns Ah--bm-Ip-p.
AXp-Xs kXy-am-b npXm-I p-p. AXp-Xs PK-
ns Bmhv BIp-p. Atbm tizX-tIXp AXp \o
Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw F\nv a\-n-
N P
253
em-n--cpI Fv tizX-tIXp At]-n-p. kuaym, K
As\ BIs Fv Dm-e-I A\p-h-Zn-p.
]Xn- memw Jw
bYm tkmay, ]pcpjw Km-tc-t`ymf`n
\m--am-\ob Xw XtXm fXnPt\
hnkr-tPXv; k bYm X{X {]mv thm
Zv hm f[cmv hm {]Xyv hm {]
- m B\otXm fZn\
[vambo-Xm-`n-\
mtm hnkrx
Xky bYm f`n\-l\w {]apNy {]{_q-bm,
tZXmw Zniw Kmcm GXmw Zniw
{]tPXn k{Km-amZv {Kmaw ]r ]ntXm
ta[mho Km-cmt\ thm]-k-t- ZyX;
Gh-ta-t]lm ffNm-hm ]pcptjm thZ;
Xky Xmh-tZh Nncw bmh hntamtyf
Y kXv kty CXn.
Atbm kuaym, F{]-Imcw Hcp ]pcp-js\ Km-c-tZ-
i-n\nv A`n-\-m-- \m-bn-sImv hp Ahs\ P\-
-fn-m-n-Sp hnp. Ah Ing-tmv apJ-amtbm hS-
tmv apJ-amtbm sXtmp apJ- amtbm ]Sn-m-tdmp apJ-
amtbm Rm Ip-sI-n-b-h-\m-bn-sIm-p-h-p. Ip-I
sIn-b- h-\mbn hnkn- -s- p. i_vZ-ap-m--s-Sp- Xv
Fn-s\-bm-tWm, Ahs Ip sIn-bXp hnSn-bnv
Cu Znn-emWv Kmm-c-tZ-iw, Cu Znn-tep t]mhpI
Fp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]n-X\pw,
_pn-am\w Bb Ah tNmZnv Hcp {Kma-n\npw
asmcp {Kma-n-sen Kmm-c-tZ-ip Xs sNp-tN-
cpw. CXp-t]mse ChnsS BNm-cy-\p ]pcp-j Adn-bp-
p. Ah Ftm hsc, Ahs ico-cs hnSp---
tbm, AXp-hsc am{Xta Xma-k-ap-q. icocw hnSp-tm
kn GIo-`-hn-p-p.
k b Gtjm fWnssa XZm-y-anZw
khw XXv kXyw k Bm XXv
Xzakn tizX tItXm, CXn `qb
Gh am `K-hm hnm-]-b-XznXn
XYm tkmtayXn tlmhmN
PK-ns aqeamb AWpXzw Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-
Xns Ah--bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-
p. AXp- Xs PK- ns Bm-hm-Ip- p. Atbm tizX-
tIXm AXp \o Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb Av hopw
F\np ]d- p- X-m- epw. kuaym, As\ BIs Fv
Dm-e-I ]d-p.

I ]Xn-\mw Jw
]pcpjw tkmtaym ]Xm-]n\w mXbx
]-]m-ktX Pm\mkn amw, Pm\m
kn aman-Xn, Xky bmh hmv
a\kn kZy tX, a\x {]mtW,
{]mWpkvtX Pkn, tXPx ]ckymw
tZh-Xm-bmw, Xmh-m-\m-Xn.
Atbm kuaym, Pzcw apX-emb kpJ- -tSp ]nSnp
acn-p-hm t]mIp ]pcp-js\ _p- Fs Adn-
bp-tm, Fs Adn-bptm Fp tNmZnp sImv Npn-
q-Sp-p. GXp-hsc Ahs hmv a\- n- epw, a\v {]mW-
\n-epw, {]mW tXP-nepw tXPp]c-bmb tZh-X-bnepw
GIo-`h - n-p-n-tbm AXp-hsc Ah Adn-bp-p.
AY Zm fky hmv a\kn kw]Zy
tX, a\x {]mtW {]mW-kvtX-P-kn, tX
Px ]ckymw tZh-Xmb aY \ Pm\mXn.
Ftm Cu acn-p-hm InS-p--hs hmv a\-
nepw a\v {]mW-\n-epw, {]mW tXP-nepw tXPv
]c-bmb tZh-X-bn-epw, GIo-`-hn-p-pthm Atm Adn-
bp-n- .
k b Gtjm fWnssaX-Zmy anZw
khw, XXv kXyw k Bm, XXv
Xzakn tizX-tItXm CXn `qb Gh
am `K-hm hnm-]b XznXn XYm
tkmtay-Xn tlmhmN
PK-ns aqe-amb AWpXzw BmthmSpIq-Sn-b-
Xns Ah--bm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p-Xv
BIp- p. AXp-s Xs PK- ns Bm-h m-I p- p.
Atbm tizX tItXm, AXv \o Xs-bm-Ip-p. ]qPy-\mb
Av hopw F\nv a\-n-em- n-cq Fv tizX-tIXp
At]-np kuaym As\ BIs Dm-e-I ]d-p.
]Xn-\ mdmw Jw
]pcpjw tkmtaymX lkvX KrloX
am\-by hlmjnXv kvtXb-a-Imjo-Xv,
]c-ipa kvssa X]-tX-Xn. k bZn
Xky Im `hXn XX Ghm-\r-Xam
m\w Ipcp-tX, tkm f\rXm`n ktm
f\rtX \m ffm\-a-mb ]cipw
X]vXw {]Xn-Kr-lvWmXn k ZlytXfY
l\ytX
N P
254
Atbm kuaym, Hcp ]pcp-js\ _-l-kvX-\mbn cmP- K
]p-{X- m sImp- h-p. Ch [\w A]-l-cn-p. tamjWw
sNbvXp. Ch-\p-thn agp ]gp-n-p-hn Fp ]d-p.
Ah tamjW Im- hm-Ipp Fn AXn-\m Xs
Ah- \ - h Ak-X y-\ m- p- p. A\r- X - \ mb A`n-k -
ntbmSpIq-Snb Ah, A\rXw sImv Ah-\-hs\ adn-
nv ]gp agp-hm-p-p. Ah Zln-p-p. Atm
l\n--s-Sp-p.
AY bZn Xkym Im `h-Xn, XX
Gh kXyam m\w Icp-tX, kk
Xym`n-kx ktXy\m ffm\ a
mtb ]cipw X]vXw {]Xn KrlvWm
Xn, k\ ZlytX f Y apNytX
Ah B tamj-W-ns AIm-hmWv Fn
AXn-\ms Ah-\-hs\ kXy-ap- - h- \mn sNp- p.
kXy-amb A`n-k-n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ah kXyw sImv
Ah-\-hs\ adn-nv ]gp agp hmp-p. Ah thhp-
n- . A\-cw tamNn-n--s-Sp-p.
]gp agp- h n\pw ssI- e - n\pw Xn- e p
kwtbmKw cp t]pw Xpey-am-W-nepw tamn--hs
ssI thhp-Ibpw at-hs ssI thhm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sN
p-p.
k bYm X{X \mZm tlyX, sFXZm
y anZw khw XXv kXyw k Bm,
XXv Xzakn tizX-tI-tXm, CXn X
mky hnP-m-hn-Xn, hnPmhnXn.
kXy-n A`n-k-n-b p- -h F{]-Im-c -amtWm
X]vX-]-c-ip- {K-lWw sNp- tm Zln-m- Xn-cn- p--Xv, AXv
C-s\-bm-Ip-p. Bm-thmSp IqSn-b-Xns Ah PK-
ns aqeamb Aap-Xz-am-Ip-p. AXp-Xs PK-ns
Bm-hm-Ip-p. AXp-Xs kXy-am-bn-p- -Xm-Ip- p.
Atbm tizX-tI- tXm, AXp \o Xs- bm- hp-p. ]nXm-hns
Cu hN\w tizX-tIXp a\-n-em-n.
hnIm- cq-]-amb A\r- X- n D A`n- k- n-bm Dm-
Ip Pohm-- hn-m-\s \nh-n-n-p--Xm-Wv XXv
Xzakn Fp hmIyw. AXns hni-Zo-I-cWw Cu
Aym-b-n-epsm- p-p.
Ggmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Aioln `Kh CXn tlm]-k-km-Z-k\ -
Ipamcw \mcZx Xw tlmhmN: btZz
tX\ tam]-ko-Z, XXkvX Duw hymaoXn

I \mc-Z `K-hmt\ Ay-b\w sNn-mepw Fp
a{w sImv k\Ip-am-cs\ D]-k-Znp. At-l-tmSp
k\ Ipam-c ]d- p. Atv F- dn- bm- tam, AXns\
shfn-s-Sp-n-smv Fs D]-k-Zn-q. AXn-\p-ta
Rm ]d-p-Xm-cw.
ktlm-hmN: EtKzZw `K-thm-ft[yan;
bPqth-Zw, kma-th-Z-am-YhWw NXp
, anXn-lmk ]pcm-Ww, ]-aw, th
Zm\mw thZw, ]n{Xyw, cminw, ssZhw,
\n[nw, hm tIm hmIy, taIm-b\w, tZ
h hnZymw, {_ hnZymw, {X-hnZymw,
\-{X-hnZymw, k-tZ-h-\-hnZym
taXXv `Kthm ft[yan
\mc-Z ]d-p. `K-hms\ EtKzZw F\n--dn-bmw.
bPqth-Zw, kma-th-Zw, \mem-a-t thZ-amb AYhw,
CXn-lmk ]pcm- W- Am-as thZ-amb `mcXw thZ-
-fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-Ww, {i-Iev]w KWn-Xw, D]m-
X- m\w \n[n-im-kv{Xw, X-imkv{Xw \oXn-imkv{Xw
\ncp-w, in, Iev]w, O-n-Xn, `qX-X{w [\pthZw
PyuXn-jw, k-hn-Zy, tZh- P\ hnZy CsXmw `K-hms\
F\n--dn-bmw.
tkm flw `K-thm, a{-hn-tZhm kvan;
\m ffhnXv; {ipXw tlyh ta `K-hZv
Kr-ti`y kvXcXn timI-am hnZnXn;
tkm flw `Khx timNman; Xw am
`K-hm timIky ]mcw Xmc-b-XznXn
Xw tlmhmN: bssZz Inw ssN XZ[y
KojvTm-\mssa ssh XXv
Atbm `K-hm-t\, As\ D Rm a{- hn-p-am-
{Xsa BIp-p-p. B-hn--\-. Fs-m B-
hnv timIs XcWw sNp-p. `K-hm-s\-tm-se-bp-
hcn \nv tI- dnhv F\nv Xo- bm-bp-ap- v. `Km-ht\
A-s\-bp Rm timNn-p-p. As\ D Fs
`K-hm timI-ns Ac IS-n-bm-epw. At-l-
tmSp k\ Ipam-c ]d-p. Av Cu ]Tn-n-p-Xv
GsX-mtam CXv \maw am{X- am-Ip-p.
\ma hm EtKz-tZm, bPqthZx kmath
Z, AYh-W-ip-XpXvj CXn-lmk ]pcm
Wx ]-tam, thZm\mw thZx, ]n
t{Xym cmin, ssthm, \n[n, hmtIm
hmIy, taIm-b-\w, tZh-hn-Zym, {_hn
Zym, `qX-hnZym Xv {Xhn-Zym, \{X
hnZym, k-tZh P\ hnZym \m ssa
sshXXv; \mtam ]mtzXn
N P
255
K
EtKzZw \ma-a m- I p- p. bPqth-Z w, kma- t h-Z w,
AYhWsa \me-ams thZw CXn-lm-k] - p-cmWw
Am-as thZ-amb `mc- Xw, thZ- -fpsS thZ-amb hymI-
cWw {im-I-ev]w, KWn-Xw, D]m-Z-imkv{Xw, \n[n-im-
kv{Xw, X-im-kv{Xw, \oXn-im-kv{Xw, \ncp-w, in,
Iev]w O-n-Xn, `pX-X{w [\pthZw PyuXn-jw, k-
hn-Zy, tZh- P-\-hnZy CsXmw \maw Xs-bm-Ip- p. \mas
D]m-kn-q.
k tbm \ma {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, bmhm
avt\m KXw X {Xmky bYm Ima
Ntcm `hXn tbtma {_t-Xyp]m
kvtX, BkvXn `Kthm \mavt\m `qb
CXn. \mavt\m hmh `qtbm fkvXoXn,
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
BcmtWm \mas {_-sa-p-shv D]m-kn-p-Xv
Ah\v GXp-hsc \ma-ns tKmN-c-aptm AhnSw hsc
Cw t]mse-bp kmcw knn-p-p. `K-hmt\ \ma-
t-m IqSn-bXv Fs-n-ep-aptm Fp \mc-Z
tNmZn-p. \ma-t-m IqSp-bXv Dv Fp k\Ip-am-
c ]d-p. AXp `K-hm F\np ]dp Xmepw
Fp \mc-Z At]-n- p.
cmw Jw
hmKzm h\mavt\m `qb-ko, hmKzm
EtKzZw hnm-]-b-Xn, bPqth-Zw,
kma-th-Z, aYhWw NXp, anXn-lmk ]p
cmWw, ]-aw, thZm-\mw, thZw, ]n{Xyw,
cminw, ssZhw, \n[nw, hmtIm hmIy, ta
Imb-\w, tZh-hn-Zymw, {_-hnZymw `qX-hnZymw
{X-hn-Zymw, \-{X-hn-Zymw, ktZ-h-P-\-
hn-Zymw, Znhw N, ]rYnhow N, hmbqw Nff
Imiw Nm ] tXP-, tZhmw-, a\p
jymw, ]ipw hbmw-kn-N, XrW-h-\kv]
XoRv; izm]-Zm\ym IoS-]n-]o-en-Iw, [w
Nm [w N, kXyw Nm \rXw N, km[p
Nm km[p-N, lrZ-bw Nm lrZ-b-w N,
bssZz-hmv \m`-hn-jy [tm, \[
tm hym-]-bn-jy kXyw \m\r-Xw,
\ km[p, \m km[p \ \ lrZ-btm
\m lrZ-b-tm, hmtK ss]XXv khw
hnm-] -bXn hmN-ap-]m-tzXn

I hmKn-{nbw \ma-t-m A[n-IX - -c-am-Ip-p. hmm
Wv EtKz-Z-tbpw bPq-th-Z-tbp kma-th-Ztbpw
AYh-W-sap ]d-bp \mem-as thZ-tbpw CXn-
lmk ]pcm-Wt- -bpw, Am-as thZ-amb `mc-X-
tbpw thZ--fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-Wt- -bpw, {im-
I-ev]-t-bpw, KWn-X-tbpw D]m-X-im-kv{X-t-bpw,
\n[n imkv{X-t-bpw, X- im-kv{X- t- bpw, \oXn-im- k{v X-
t-bpw, \ncp--t- bpw, in, Iev]w, O-nXn Ch-
tbbpw `qX-X-{-tbpw [\pth-Z-tbpw tPymXn-j-
tbpw k-hn- Zy, thZ-P-\-hnZy Ch-tbbpw tZymhn-t\bpw
]r-Yn-hn-tbbpw hmbp-hn-t\bpw BIm-i-tbpw Ap-I-
tf-bpw, tXP-n-t\-bpw, tZh-m-tcbpw a\p-jy-tcbpw ]ip-
-tf-bpw, ]n-It- f-bpw, irW--tf-bpw, hr-- tfbpw
IoS- ]XwK-, ]n]o-en-II - Ch-h-tc-bp-X - n-t\-
bpw, [-t- bpw, A[-t- bpw, kXy-t-bpw, Ak-
Xy-tbpw km[p-hm-bn-pXnt\bpw Akm-[p-hm-bn-p--
Xn-t\-bpw, lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bp--Xn-t\bpw Am--Xn-t\bpw
Adn-bn-p-Xv hmv Dm-bn-cp-n-s-n [-hpw,
A[-hpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw km[phpw Akm- [p-hpw,
lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bn-p-Xpw Am-Xpw Adn-bn--s-Sp-I-bn-
m-bn-cp-p. hmp-X s CXn-s \-sbmw Adn-b p-p.
hmns\ D]m-kn-q.
ktbm hmNw {_tXyp ]mkvtX, bmh
ZzmtNm-KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn. tbmhmNw {_t
Xyp]m-kvtX, BkvXn-`-Kthm hmtNm `qb
CXn. hmtNm hmh `qtbmf kvXnXn
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
As\ BcmtWm hmns\ {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-
p-Xv Ah\p GXp-hsc hmn\p Ka-\-am-bn-ptm Ahn-
sS-hsc Cw t]mse-bp kmcw knn-p-p. `K-hm-
t\, hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv Dtm? Fp
\mc-Z tNmZn-p. hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv
Dv. Fv k\Ip-am-c Dcw ]d-p. AXns\ F\n
p `Km-h ]d-p-X-mepw Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p.
aqmw Jw
at\m hmh hmtNm `qtbm, bYm ssh
tZzhm ffae tItZz-hm-tIm-te, Zz\ hm
u apn-c\p `h-tXyhw hmNw N
\ma N at\mf\p `hXn; kb Zma
\km a\-kyXn a{-m\-[o-bo-tb-Xy-YmYo
tX; ImWn Iphotb XyY IpcptX;
]p{Xmw ]ipw-tt tbXy-tY-t- X,
Caw N temI aapw tNt-tb-XytY
N P
256
tX at\m-lym-m, at\m lntem tIm K
at\m ln {_, a\ D]m-tzXn
a\v hmn-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-Ip-p. F{]-Im-c-
amtWm cp s\n- m-tb- tbm, cp Xmn- -tb- tbm, Npcp-
nb ssI A\p-`-hn-p-Xv C{]-Imcw hmn-t\bpw \ma-
tbpw a\p hym]n-p-p. ]pcp-j Ftm F\np
a{sf Aym-b\w sN-W-sav a\-p-sImv hnh-
n-p-p-thm, Atm Ay-b\w sNp-p. Ftm
F\nv I- sN-W-sav a\-p-sImv sNm-\n-
n-p-p-thm, Atm sNp-p. ]p{X-m-sc-bpw, ]ip-
-tfbpw Cn--W-sav a\-p-sImv Ftm hnNm-cn-
p-p-thm, Atm Cn-p-p. Cu temI-tbpw ]c-
tem-- tXbpw Cn-- W-sav Ftm hnNm-cn-p- p-thm,
Atm Cn-p-p. Bmhv a\-m-W.v temIw a\-m-
Wv. {_ a\-m-Wv, a\-ns\ D]m-kn--Ww.
ktbm at\m {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX bmh
\ tkm KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn, tbm at\m {_tXyp
]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm a\tm `qb
CXn a\tkm hmh-`qtbm fkvXnXn-Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
a\-ns\ {_-sap hv Bcp D]m-kn-ppthm
Ah\p GXp-hsc a\-n\v Ka- \-aptm Ahn-sS-hsc
kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `K-hmt\ a\-n-s\-m A[n-
I-X-c-am-bn-p-Xv Dtm Fp \mc-Z tNmZn-p. a\-n-
t\-m A[n-IX - - c-am-bn-p-Xv Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv
k\Ip-am-c ]d-p.
\memw Jw
kevt]m hmh a\tkm `qbm, bZm
ssh k-ev]-btXm fY a\-ky-XyY
hmN-ao-c-b-Xn, Xmap-\m-av\o-c-bXn;
\mav\n a{m GIw `hn; at{jp
Im-W n.
kev]w a\-n-t\-m A[n-I-X-c-am-Ip-p. Ftm-
gmtWm k-e] v n-p--Xv, A\-cw a\-ky\w F Ax
IcW hym]m-c s sNp- p. A\- cw hmns\
t{]cWw sNp-p. hmns\ \ma-ns hnj-b - n
t{]cWw sNp-p. \ma-n a{- AS- n-bn-cn-p-
p. a{--fn I- A`-hn-p-p.
Xm\n l hm GXm\n k-evss]-Imb
\m\n, k-ev]m--Im-\n, kevt] {]
XnjvTn-Xm-\n. ka-Iv\p-]Xmw Zyhm]r
Ynho, k--evt]Xmw hmbpm ffIm
 257

I iw N k-ev]m ff] tXP; ev]-t-m IqSn-bXv Xo-bmbpw Dv. AXns\ `K-hm- K

tXjmw kwIv\p]vssXy hjw kev] \mb Av F\np ]d-p-X-m-epw. Fp \mc- Z At]-
n-p.
tX hjky kw Iv\p ]vXym Aw k
ev] tX Aky kwIv\p]v ssX {]m
Wmx k-ev]t; {]mWm\mw kwIv\p Amw Jw
ss]vXy a{mx k-ev]t; a{mWmw Nnw hmh k-ev]mZv `qtbm, bZmssh
kwIv\p ]vssXy ImWn k-ev]t\; I tNX-btX fY k-ev]-b-tX; AY-a-\ky
Wmw kwIv\p]vssXy temIx k Xn; AYhm Nao-c-bXn; Xmap-\mav\o
ev]tX; temIky kwIv\p ]vssXy khw cbXn; \ma \na{m GIw `h;
k-ev]-tX, k Gj kev]x, kev at{jp Im-Wn.
]ap-] m-tz-Xn.
Nnw, k-ev]t- -m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. Ftm-
Cu a\p apX-em-bh k-e] v -am- Ip- p. Htc KXn-tbmSp gmtWm tNX-\-sbp ]d-bp hym]mcw Dm-Ip-Xv
IqSn-b- hbpw k-e] v -kz-cp-]-fpw k-e] v -n {]Xn-jTv n- Atm k-e] v n-p-p. A\-cw a\-ky\w Fp ]d-
X- - f p-a m-I p- p. tZymhpw ]rYn-h nbpw k-e v ] n- p. bp hym]mcw sNp-p. AXn-\p-tijw hmns\ Cu
hmbphpw BIm-ihpw k-ev]n-p. Ap-Ifpw tXPpw cWw sNp-p. B hmns\ \ma-n t{]cWw sNp-
k-ev]n-p. Zyphm-]r-Yn-hym-Zn-I-fpsS kev]w \nanw p. \ma-n a{- Hm-bn-o-cp-p. a{--fn
hjw k-e] v n-p-p. hj-ns kev]w \nanw I- Hm-bn-o-cp-p.
Aw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. A-ns kev]w
Xm\n l hm GXm\n Nnss ImbX
\nanw {]mW- ka--fm-b-o-cp-p. {]mW--
fpsS kev]w \nanw a{- ka--fm-bn-o-cp- \m\n Nnm-m\n Nnt {]Xn-jvTnXm
p. a{--fpsS kev]w \nanw I- ka- \n; Xkvam-Zy-Zy]n _lp-hn-Z-Nntm `h-Xn,
-e m-bn- o-c p- p. I- -fpsS kev] w \nanw \mb-a-kvXotXy ssh\-amlpx bZbw thZ
temIw ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. temI-ns kev]w bZzm Abw hnZzm t\ a Nnx
\nanw PKp apgp-h ka-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu
kymZnXn AY bZym-ev]-hn-n--hm `h-Xn,
kev]w A-s\- bp--Xm- Wv. AXn- \m k-ev]t D]m-
kn--Ww. C\n k-evt]m-]m-k-I\v knn-p ^ew ]d- Xkvam Gthm \ ip{iq-j-t. Nnw
bp-p. tly sshjm-taIm bX-\w, Nn-am-m,
kbx kev]w {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, Iv\p Nnw {]XnjvTm Nn ap]m-t-Xn.
]vXm ssh ktem-Im {[phm {[phx kev]w apX I- ^-ew-h-sc- bp--h-sbmw Nnw
{]Xn-jvTn-Xm {]Xn-jvTntXm fhyY-am\m Fp-Xs Bb-X-am-bn-p-h - -bpw, Nnm--I-epw
Nn-n {]Xn-jvTn-X- -fp-am-Ip-p. hfsc Adn-hp--h-
\ hyY-amt\m f`nkn-yXn bmh
\m-W-nepw Nn-an-m--h-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn, Ah
ev]ky KXw X{Xmky bYm-Ima Ntcm C Fp Xs Chs\ ]d-bp-p. Ch Adn-bp-p--
`hXn bx kev]w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX n-tem, Adn-n-p--h-\m-sW-ntem C{]-Imcw Nn-an-m-
AkvXn `Khx k-ev]mZv `qb CXn. -h-\mbn `h--bn--sbpw ]d-bp-p. ]ns Aev]w
kev]m Zzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn. Xt Adn-hp--h-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn Ah ]d-bp kwK-
Xn-I-sf-s {ihn-p-hm Cn-p-p. Cu k-ev]m-Zn-
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
bpsS Htc Bb-X\w Nn-am-Ip-p. Bmhp Nn-am-Ip-
Ans\ BcmtWm k- e] v s {_-sa-p-hv D]m- p. {]XnjvT Nn-am-Ip-p. Nns D]m-kn--Ww.
kn-p--Xv, Ah Iev]n--s--h-bmb \nXy-fpw D]-
k bnw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX Nnm
I- c-W-k- --fpw i{Xp- `bw apX-em-bh Cm-- h-bp-amb
temI- \nXy-\m-bnpw Bo- tbm- ]-I-c-W- XnI-- ssh ktem-Im {[phm {[phx {]Xn
h-\mbpw hy[n-m- -h-\mbpw {]m]n-p-p. k-ev]- jvTnXm {]Xn-jvTntXm fhyY-am-\m\hy
ns tKmNcw GXp-h-s c-bm-tWm, AhnsS Ah\v Yamt\m f`n knXn bmh-n-ky KXw
kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `K- hm-t\, k-ev]-t-m IqSn- X{Xmky bYm Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn, bn
b-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. k-
w {_tXyp ]mkvtX. AkvXn `K-hn
N P
 258

I mZv`qb CXn Nnm-Zzmh `qtbmf Ans\ Bcm-tWm, [ym\s {_-sap IcpXn D]m- K
kvXoXn Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn kn-p--Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm [ym\-n\p tKmN-c-
am-bn-p-Xv AhnsS hsc kzmX{yw knn-p-p. `K-
As\ Bcm-tWm, Nns {_-sap hv D]m- hms\ [ym\-s-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm
kn-p-Xv B Nntm-]m-k-I _pn-ams KpW-- Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. [ym\-t-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Xo-
fm, kar--fpw \nXy-fpw kthm-]-I-c-W-k---- bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip- am- c Dcw ]d- p. AXns\
fpw, hyY-bn-m--hb - p-a mb temI-se \nXy-\mbpw `K- hm F\np ]dp Xcq. Fv \mc-Z At]n- p.
Bo-tbm-]-I-cW k--\mbpw hyY-bn-m--h-\mbpw
{]m]n-p-p. GXp-h-sc- bmtWm Nn-n\p tKmN-c-am-bn-
p-Xv AhnsS Ch\v kzmX{yw Dm-Ip-p. `K-hms\ Ggmw Jw
Nn-t-m A[n-I-X-c-am-bnp-Xv Fs- n-ep-aptm
Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Nn-t-m IqSn-bXv Xo- hnm\w hmh [ym\m-Zv`q-tbm, hnm
bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. AXp F\np t\\ hm EtKzZw hnPm-\mXn bPqth
]d-p-Xcq Fp \mc-Z At]-n-p. Zw, kma-th-Z, aYhWw NXp anXn
lmk-]p-cmWw ]aw, thZm\mw thZw
Bdmw Jw ]n{Xw, cminw, ssZhw, \n[nx, hmtImhm
Iy, taIm-b-\w, tZh hnZymw, {_-hnZym
[ym\w hmh Nnm-Zv`q-tbm, [ymb-Xoh
`qX-hnZymw {X-hn-Zymw, \-{X-hnZymw
]rYn-ho, [ymb Xohm--co-w, [ymbXo
k-tZ-h-P-\-hnZymw Znhw-N, hmbpw N
hZyu, [yb-ohm fft]m, [ymb-oh
ffImiw N ff], tXP tZhmw-,
]h-Xm, [ymb-oh tZh-a-\pjym: kvX
a\p-jymw-, ]ipw-, hbm-knwN
kvamZy Cl a\p-jymWmw almw {]m
]v\ph-n, [ym\m-]m-Zmwim C ssh h XrW h\-]vX-Xo, izm]-Zw, \ymIo-Sh
tX `hn; AY tb f ev]mx Ie-lo\x XwK ]n]o-eIw [wNm [w N, kXyw N,
]nip\m D]-hm-Zn-\-kvtX, AYtb {] km[pNm km[p-Nm, \rXw N, lrZ-bw
`thm [ym\m-]mZmw im Csslh tX Nm lrZ-bw Nm, w Nckw tNaw
`hn [ym\-ap-]m-tzXn k tbm [ym\w {_t- N temI-aapw N hnmt\ ss\h hnPm\mXn
Xyp-]mkvtX bmhZv [ym\-\y-KXw X{Xmky bYm hnm-\ -ap-] m-tzXn
Ima Ntcm `hXn tbm [ym\w {_t-Xyp- imkv{Xm hnj-b-I-amb m\w [ym\-t-m
]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm [ym\mZv `qb CXn IqSn- b-Xm-Ip-p. hnm\w sImmWv EtKz-Zs Adn-
[ym\m Zzmh. `qtbm f kvXXn Xt `K-hm bp--Xv. bPqth-Z-tbpw kma-th-Z-tbpw AYh-W-
{_ho-XznXn sap ]d-bp \mem-as thZ-t-bpw, CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-
W--tf-bpw, Am-as thZ-amb `mc-X-t-bpw, thZ-
[ym\w Nn-t-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. ]rYnhn [ym\n- -fpsS thZ-amb hymI-c-W-t-bpw, {km-I-e] v -t-bpw,
p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. A-cow [ym\n-p--Xp- KWn-X-im-k{v X-tbpw D]m-X- im-k{v X-t-bpw, \n[n-im-
t]mse Ccn-p-p. tZymhv [ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p- kv{X-t-bpw, X-im-kv{X-t-bpw, \oXn-im-kv{X-t-
p. Ap-I [ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. ]h-X- bpw, \ncp--t-bpw, in, Iev]w, O-n-Xn, Ch-
[ym\n-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. tZh-mcpw a\p- tbbpw `qX-X-{-t-bpw, [\pth-Z-t-bpw, tPymXn-j-
jycpw [ym\w sNp--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. AXn-\m tbpw Kmcp-Uw, K-bp-n, \r-Ko-X-hm-Zy-in-ev]mZn
Cu temI-n, a\p-jy-cn BcmtWm al-Xzs {]m]n- hnm-\- Ch-tbbpw tZymhn-t\bpw ]rYn-hn-tbbpw
p-Xv Ah [ym\-ns ^ew e`n--Xns Ie-tbmSp hmbp-hn-t\bpw BIm-i-t- bpw, Ap-It- fbpw tXP-n-
IqSn-b-h-sc-tmse Xs `hn-p-p. ]ns BcmtWm t\-bpw, tZh-m-tcbpw a\p-jy-tc-bpw, ]iptfbpw ]n-
Aev]- m-c-bn-cn-p--Xv, Ah Ie-l-io-e-m- cm-bpw, ]c-tZm- I-tfbpw XrW--tfbpw hr--tfbpw hym{Lm-Zn-I-
j-sf shfn-s-Sp-p--h-cm-bpw, tNcp hn[-n ]c- tfbpw IoS- ]Xw-K- apX-em-bh XpSn ]n]o-en-I-
tZmjw ]d-bp--h-cmbpw Ccn-p-p. {]`p--fm-bn-p--h h-sc- bphtb-bpw, [-tbpw A[-t-bpw, kXy-
Btcm Ah [ym\-^ew Inn-bX - ns Ie-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h- t-b pw, Ak-Xy-tbpw km[p-hm-b n-p--X n-t\-bpw,
sc-tmse Xs Ccn-p- p. [ym\s D]m-k n-q. Akm-[p-hm-bn-p--Xn-t\bpw lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bn-p--Xn-t\-

N P
 259

I bpw, Am--Xn-t\bpw A-t-bpw, ck-tbpw Cu Atm] tbmKw sImp-m- Ip a\xin hnm- K

temI-tbpw ]c-tem-I- tbpw hnm\w sImp-Xs \-t- m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. _e-hm-\mb Hcp-h \qdp-hn-
Adn-bp-p. hnm-\s D]m-kn-q.
k tbm hnm\w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
hnm-\-htXm sshk temIm
m\-htXm f`nkn-[y-Xn, bmh-Zznm
\ky KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima Nmtcm
`hXn tbm hnm\w {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn-`-Kthm hnm-\m-Zv`qb CXn
hnm-\m-Zzm-h-`qtbm fkvXoXn Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
D]m-kn-p--h hnm-\-a p--hbpw m\-ap-- p. tZh-mcpw a\p-jycpw _ew sImp nXn sNp-
hbpw Bb temI-sf {]m]n-p-p. GXp-hs
hnm-\- n\v tKmN-c-am-bn-cn- p--Xv, Ahn- sS-hsc Chv hym{LmZn {Iqc-P-p-fpw IoS- ]Xw-K
kzmX{yw Dm-Ipw. `K-hmt\ hnm-\-t-m IqSn-
b-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm? Fp \mc-Z tNmZn-p. nXn-sN-p-p. temIw _ew-sImp nXn-sN-p-p.
hnm-\t- -m IqSn-bXv Xo-bm-bp-apv Fp _es D]m-kn-q. Ans\ BcmtWm _es {_-
k\Ip- am- c ]d-p. AXns\ `K- hm F\np ]dp sa- p-hv D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm _e-
XcnI Fp \mc-Z At]-n-p.
Fmw Jw
_ew hmh hnm-\m-Zv`qbx A]n
l iXw hnm\ hXm tatIm _e
hm \mI-av]-btX; k bZm _eo
`hXy tYmmXm `hXn; DnjvT
]cn-Nc
- nXm `hXn; ]cn-Nc
- p ]
km `hXn; D]-ko-Z {`jvTm-`-hXn;
t{imXm `h-Xn, am `h-Xn, t_mm
`h-Xn, Im-`-h-Xn, hnmX `h-Xn,
_te\ ssh ]rYnho XnjvTXn _te\m
cow _te\ Zyu, te\ ]
hXm, _te\ tZh a\p-jym, _te\
]i h hbmw-kn-N, XrW-h-\-kv]-Xbx,
izm]-Zm\ym IoS-]-XwK ]n]o-en-Iw,
_te\ temI-kvXn-jvTXn; _e-ap]mtXn.
ktbm _ew {_tXyp ]mkvtX, bmhZv
_eky KXw X{Xmky bYm ImaNm
tcm `hXn tbm _ew {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Kthm _emZv `qb CXn _
emZzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn. Xt `K-hm
{_ho-XznXn
m-\- hm-m-sc-tmepw In-n-p-p. ]pcp-j Ftm
_e- ap-- h-\m- bn-o-cp-pthm Atm Dm\w sNp--
h-\m-bn- o-cp-p. Dm\w sNp--h\ - m-bn-cn-p-tm,
]cn-N-cn-p- -hm-bn- o-cp-p. ]cn-Nc - n-p--hm-bn-cn-p-
tm D]-k- Z-Pn-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. A]-k-Zn-p--hm-
bn-cn-p-tm, {Zm-hm-bn- o-cp-p. t{imXm-hm-bn- o-
cpp; a\\w sNp-- h-\m- bn- o- cpp; t_m[-hm-\m-bn-o-
cp-p. Im-hm-bn-o-cp-p. ^ew A\p-`-hn-p--h-\m-
bn-o-cp-p. ]rYnhn _ew sImmWv \nevp--Xv. A-
cow _ew sImmWv \nevp-- Xv. tZymhv _ew-sImp
nXn sNp-p. ]h- X- _ew-sImp nXn sNp-
- c-bmtWm p. ]ip-fpw ]n-fpw XrW-fpw hr-fpw
- apX- em-
bh XpSn ]nho- e n- I - I hf- s c- b p- - h bpw _ew-sImp
n\v hnj-b-am-bn-p--Xv, A{X- tmfw kzmX{yw knn-
p-p. BcmtWm _es {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-p-
-Xv, Ah\v GXp-h-sc-bmtWm _e-n\p tKmN-c-am-bn-p-
-Xv, Ahn-sS-hsc kzmX{yw e`n-p-p. `K-hms\ _e-
t-m IqSn-b- Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm? _e-t-m
IqSn-bX- mbn Xo-bmbpw Dv. Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-
p. AXp `hm F\np ]d-p-X-cnI Fv \mc-Z
]d-p.
H]Xmw Jw
Aw hmh _emZv `qbkvX kvamZyZ ]n
Zi-cm-{Xomiv \nbm, ZyZypl Poth
ZYhm f{Zjv Tm ft{imXm fam t_mm
Im fhnm-Xm-`h - Xn AYm-kym
fssb {Zm-`-hXn am `h-Xn, t_mm `h-Xn,
Im `h-Xn, hnmXm
`hXn A-a p]mtzXn
Aw _e- s- m IqSn- b- Xm- Ip- p. AXn- \m ]p
\mtf- p-t]mepwAin- m- Xn- cn-p-- Xm- bm, Hcp-thf Pohn-
n-cn-p ]w, Zin-m Ign-bm--h\ - m-bpw, {ihn-
p-hm km[n-m--h-\mbpw a\\w sNm in-bn-
m--h-\m-bpw, t_m[n-p--Xn\v kmay-an-m--h-\m-
bpw, A\p-jT v n-m Ign-hn-m--h\ - m-bpw, hnm-\-an-m-
-h-\mbpw `hn-p-p. ]ns Aw e`n-p--h {Zm-
hm-bn-o-cp-p. a\\w sNp--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. t_mm-
hm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. A\p-jTv n-p-h\mbn-o-cp-p. A\p-

N P
 260

I jvTm-\-^ew A\p-`-hn-p--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. As k tbm ft]m {_-Xyp-]mkvX B]vt\mXn K

D]m-kn-q. khm Imamw kvXr]vXn-am `hXn;
Nk tbm fw {_tXyp ]mkvtX fhtXm bmh-Z-]mw-KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
ssh k temIm ]m\-htXm f`n Nmtcm `hXn tbm ft]m {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
kn[yXn bmh-Z-ky KXw X{Xmky AkvXn `Kthm ftZ`ym `qb CXn A
bYm-Ima Nmtcm `hXn tbmfw {_ tZ`ymhm-h-`qtbm kvXoXn Xt `Khm
tXyp-]mkvtX AkvXn `Kthm fmZ {_ho-XznXn
`qb CXn A-Zzmh `qtbm fkvXoXn BcmtWm Ap-Isf {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-p-Xv
Ah Fm Ima--tfbpw {]m]n-pp. Xr]vXn-bp--h-
Xt `K-hm {_ho-XznXn
\m-bn-o-cp-p. GXp-hsc Ap-Ip Ka- \-ap-tm,
As\ BcmtWm As {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn- AhnsS hsc Ch\v kzX- {- k-mcw knn-p-p. Ap-
p--Xv, Ah A-ap-h - b
- pw, ]m\-ap--hbpw Bb Isf {_-sap IcpXn D]m-kn-q. BcmtWm Ans\
temI-sf {]m]n-p-p. A-n\p tKmN-c-am-bn-p-Xv D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah\v Ahn-sS-hsc kzmX{yw knn-p-
GXp- hscbmtWm AhnsS Ch\v kzmX{yw knn-p-p. p. `K-hms\ Ap-Is - f-m hen-bX
- mbn Fs-n-ep-
AXn-\m As {_-sav shv AXns\ D]m-kn- aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv
q. `K-hms\ A-t-m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs-n-ep- k\Ip-am-c Dcw ]d-p. AXns\ `K-hm F\n-
aptm? A-s-m IqSn-bX - mbn Xo-bmbpw Dv p-]-tZ-in-p-X-cnI Fp \mc-Z At]-n- p.
Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. AXp `K-hm F\np ]d-
p-X-m-epw. \mc-Z ]d-p.
]Xn- s \mmw Jw
tXtPm hmhmZv t`ym`qbx XZzm G
]mw Jw X Zzmbpam Krlym ffia`n X]Xn; X
Bt]m hmhm-mZv `qb-ky, kvXkvam-ZyZm Zmlpn-tim-N-Xn, \nX-]-Xn, hjn-jyXn
kphr-np `h-Xn, hym[o-bt {]mW hm CXn. tXP Gh XXv ]qhw Zi
Aw I\otbm `hn-jy-Xo-Xn. AYb bnXzm fYm]x krPtX; XtZX Zqzm
Zm khr-jvTn `h-Xym-\p-n\w {]mWm `n Xnc-n-`n hnZypZv`n cm{lm
`h-yw _lp `hn-jy-XoXn B] G Zm-cn; Xkvam-Zm-lq hntZym-XtX
th am aqm tbbw ]rYn-ho, bZ kvX\-bXn hjn-jyXn hm CXn; tXP
cow bZv Zyu Xv ]hXm b th Gh XXv ]qhw Zi-bn-Xzm-Ym]x kr
a\p-jym, bXv ]i-h hbmw-kn-N, Xr PtX, tXP D]m-tzXn
Wh-\-kv]X
- bx izm]-Zm\y IoS ]XwK tXPv Ap- I-sf- m IqSn- b- Xm-Ip- p. A- s\-bp
]n]o-enI am] Gth am aqm, A] Cu tXPv hmbp-hns\ \n-e-am-n-bnv BIm-is A`n-
D]m-tzXn hym-]np X]n-n-p-p. Atm thhn-p-p, ]gp-n-p-
p. ag s]pw Fv euIn-I-m ]d- bp-p. tXPp Xs
Ap- I A- s-m IqSn-b-h-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m As\ BZyw X-m shfn-s-Sp-n-bnv Ap-Isf
Ftm kphrn Dm-Ip-n-tbm Atm Aw Ipd- krn-p-p. AXp-sImv tatmp t]mIp--hbpw hne-
hm-bn-o-cp-sap hnNm-cn-p, {]mWn-I ZpxJnp-p. -n t]mIp--h-bp-amb hnZyp-p-I-tfmSp IqSn CSn-
Ftm kphrjvTn Dm- Ip- p- thm, Atm Aw hfsc \m-Z- k-cn-p-p. AXn-\m an apg-pp;
Dm-Ip-sap hnNm-cnv {]mW- B\-a - p-h
- -bm-bn- hjap-mhpw Fv Bfp-I ]d-bp-p. tXP-ns\
o-cp-p. Cu ]rYnhn GtXm, A-co-w GtXm, tZymhv {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-q.
GtXm, ]h- X- Ghtbm tZh- mcpw a\p-jycpw Btcm,
k bkvtXtPm {_t-jp-Xyp-]mkvtX
]ip-fpw ]n-Ifpw XrW-fpw hr-fpw hym{Lm-
Zn-Zp--ar-K--fpw, IoS-, ]m-I ]o]o-en-I Ch-h-tc-
tXPkzo ssh k tXP kztXm
bp--hbpw GXmtWm Ah aq--fmb Ap-I temIm `mkztXm f] lX XakvIm
BWv. Ap-Isf {_-sa- zv D]m-kn-q. \`n-kn-[y-Xn. bmht Ptkm KXw

N P

I X{Xmky bYm-Im-a-Nmtcm `h-Xn. b
kvtXtPm {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX. AkvXn `Kh
thm tXPtkm `qb CXn. tXPtkm
hmh `qtbm fkvXnXn Xt `K-hm
{_ho-Xzn-Xn.
Ans\ BcmtWm tXP-ns\ {_-sa- p-hv D]m-
kn-p-Xv Ah tXP-kzn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. tXP-p--
hbpw {]Im-i-ap--hbpw _mlyhpw B`y--c-hp-amb
Xap \on-bn-p--hb
- p-amb temI- {]m]n-p-p.
tXP-ns tKmNcw GXp-h-sc-bm-tWm, AXp-hsc Ch\v
km-c-kzm-X{yw Dm-Ip- p. tXP-ns\ {_- ambn D]m-
kn-q. `K-hmt\ tXP-n-t\-m IqSn- b-Xmbn Fs-n-
ep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp-apv Fv
k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Fm `K-h AXp F\np
]d-p-XctW \mc-Z At]-n-p.
]{mw Jw
BImtim hmh tXPtkm `qbm;
BImti ssh kqcym N{a kmhp `u
hnZyp---{Xm-Wy-n-cm-Im-ti\m lzb
XymIm-ti\ irtWm-Xym-Im-ti\ {]
Xn{ip-tWmXym Imti caX BImti
\ caX BImti PmbX BImi
a`n-P-btX; BIm-i-ap-] m-tz-Xn.
BImiw tXP-n-s\-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. kqcy-N-{-
m cp-t]cpw hnZyppw \- {X- fpw Anbpw BIm-
i-n BIp-p. BIm-i-nIqSn Blzm\w sNp-
p. BIm-i-n-eqsS tIp-p. BImiw hgn-bmbn
hopw tIp-p. BIm-i-n can-p-p. BIm-i-
n can-m-Xn-cn- pp. BIm-i-n P\n-p-p. BIm-
i-n- tev P\n-p-p. BI-mis D]m-kn-q.
k b BImiw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
BIm-i-htXm ssh ktem-Im
{]Im-i-htXm kw_m-[m\p cpKmb
htXm f`nkn-[yXn; bmhZm Imiky
KXw X{Xmky bYm-Im-a-Nmtcm
`h-Xn, b BImiw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX
AkvXn `Kh BIm-imZn `qb CXn
BIm-im-Zzmh `qtbm kvXoXn Xt
`K-hm {_ho-XznXn
Cs\ Bcp BIm-is {_-sa-p-hv D]m-kn-
ptm Ah- BIm-i-aphbpw {]Im-i-ap--hbpw
sRcp--an-m--hbpw hnkvXo-K-Xn-Ifpw Bb temIw
N P
261
{]m]n-p-p. BIm-i- n\p hnj-b-am-bn-p-Xv GXp hsc- K
bmtWm AhnsS hsc Ah\p km-c-kzm-X{yw knn-
p-p. Ans\ BcmtWm BIm-is {_-sap
IcpXn D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah\v GXp-hsc BImiw tKmN-c-
am-bn-cn-ptm AhnsS hsc kzmX{yw knn-p-p.
BImit-m Ihn- -Xmbn Fs-n-ep-aptm F
tNmZy-n\v Xo-bmbpw Dv Fv k\Ip-am-c ]d-
p. `K-hm AXns\ F\n-p-]-tZ-in-m-epw.
]Xn-aqmw Jw
kvatcm hmh ffImimZv `qb-kvamZy
Zy]n _lh Ako-c \ kvac
tm ss\h tX IwN\ irWp
bp a\zo-c \ hnPm-\o-c; b
Zmhm-htX kvatc-bp-cY irWp bpcY
a\zo-c-Y hoPm-\o-c kvatcW
ssh ]p{Xm hnPm-\mXn; kvatcW
]iq kvac-ap-]m-tz-Xn.
k bx kvacw {_t-Xyp-]m-kvtX, bmhXv
kvacky KXw X {Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `hXn bx kvacw {_t-Xyp]m
kvtX AkvXn `Khx kvacmZv `qb
CXn kvacmZv hmh `qtbm fkv\oXn
Xt `K-hm {_o XznXn
kvac-W-sa A-I-cW [w BIm-i-t-m
IqSn-b- Xm- Ip-p. hfsc Bfp-I Hcn- Sv Ccp- mepw kvacn-
m--h-cm-bn-cp-m Ah Hcp i_vZ-tbpw tIp-
n-. a\\w sNbvI-bn-. Adn-Ib - n-. Ftm-gmtWm Ah
kvacn-p-Xv Atm {ihnpw; Atm a\\w sNpw.
Atm Adnbpw; Atm kvacw sImv ]p{X- msc Adn-
bpw, kvacw sImmWv ]ip-sf Adnbpw. kvacw D-]m-
kn-q. Ans\ BcmtWm kvacs {_-sap hv
D]m-kn- ptm Ah\v kvac-n- \p- hn- j-b-am-bn-p-Xv FXp-
h-sc-bmtWm AXp-hsc km-c-kzm-X{yw knn-p-p.
Atbm `K-hmt\ kvac- t- m IqSn-b-Xmbn Fs- n-
ep-aptm Fv \mc-Z tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp-apv Fv
Dcw ]d-p. `K-h F\nv AXns\ D]-tZ-in-p-X-
mepw Fv \mc-Z ]d-p.
]Xn- memw Jw
Bim hmh kvacm-Zv`q-bkn; Atitm
ssh kvatcm a{m-\-[o-tX, ImWn

I Icp-tX, ]p{Xmw ]iq-t--X, Caw
Ntem Iaapw tN-tX, Bim-ap]mtXn.
e`n-n-n-m B hkvXp-hn-s\-p-dn-p B{Klw
kvac- t- m IqSp- b-Xm- Ip- p. Bi- bm hn- n- - s
kvac-W-bp-- h a{-sf A[ym-b\w sNp-p. I-
sNp-p. ]p{X-m-tcbpw ]ip--tfbpw Cn-p-p.
Cu temI-tbpw ]c-tem-I-tbpw Cn-p-p. Bi
D]m-kn-q.
k b Bimw {_t-Xyp-]mkvtX B
ibm fky kth-Imamx kar-[yn;
AtamLm lmkym ffintjm `hn;
bmh-Zm-imb KXw X{Xmky bYm Ima
Nmtcm `h-Xn, b Bimw {_tXyp
]mkvtX, AkvXn `Kh Bimb
`qb CXn Bimbm hmh `qtbm fkvXoXn
Xt `K-hm {_ho-Xzn-Xn.
As\ BcmtWm Bisb {_-sap hv D]m-kn-
p-Xv Ahs Fm Ima-fpw Bi-bm kar---
fm-bn-o-cp-p. Bi-bpsS hnjbw F{X- bptm AXn
Ch\v km-c-kzm-X{yw knn-p-p. Bi-b-m hen-
b-sX-s-n-ep-aptm Fv tNmZn-p. Xo-bm-bp- ap-tm
Fp-cw ]d-p. Atbm `K-hmt\ Ahsb F\np
D]-tZ-in-p-X-mepw Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p. Ans\
BIs Fp--chpw ]d-p.
]Xn-\ mw Jw
{]mtWm hm Bimb `qbm, bYm
hm Acm \m `u kan-Xm, Gh
akvan {]mtW khw kanZw
{]mWx {]mtW-\-bmXn; {]mWx {]
Ww Z`m-Xn, {]mWm-b-Z-ZmXn; {]mtWm
l ]nXm; {]mtWm amXm, {]mtWm
`qXm; {]mWx kzkm {]mW B
Nmx {]mtWm {_mWx
{]mW Bi-sb-m IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. GXp {]Im-c-
amtWm Bc-m-ep-I cY-N{- I-ns IpS-n kan-
-s-n-cn-p--Xv, AXp-t]mse Cu {]mW-\n Fmw
kan--s-n-cn-p-p. {]mW {]mWs\smp Kan-
p-p. {]mW {]mWs\ Zm\w sNp-p. {]mW\p Zm\w
sNp-p. ]nXmhv {]mW-\m-Ip-p. amXmhv {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
{`mXmhv {]mW- \m-Ip-p. tkmZcn {]mW- \m-Ip- p. BNm- cy
{]mW-\m-Ip-p. {_m-W {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
N P
262
kbZn ]nXcw hm, amX\w hm, K
{`mXcw hm, kzkmcw hm ffNmcyw
hm, {_mWw hm Inw NnZv `ri
anh {]Xym-l, [nIv Xzm fkvXntXy,
ss]\ amlpx ]nXrlm ssh Xzakn
amXr-lmssh Xza-kn, {`mXrlm ssh
Xza-kn, kzkrlm sshXy-akym Nmcy
lmssh Xza-kn, {_mW lmssh
Xza-k o-Xn.
GsX-nepw ]pcp-j ]nXm-hn-t\m-tSm, amXm-hn-t\m-tSm,
`qXm-hn-t\m-tSm, kzkm-hn-t\mtSm BNm-cy-t\m-tSm, {_m-
W-t\m-tSm, Aev]w IS hn[-n Dcw ]d-bp-p,
Fn Chs\ \o \ny-\mWv Fpw \o ]nXm-hns\ l\n-
-h-\m-Ip-p. \o amXm-hns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip-p. \o {`mXm-
hns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip-p. \o kzkm- hns\ l\n--h-\m-Ip- p.
\o BNm-cys\ l\n-h - -\m-Ip-p. \o {_m-Ws\ l\n--
h-\m-Ipp Fp-Xs ]d-bp-p.
AY bZy-t]y-\m\p {Im {]mWm
Rvipte\ kamkw h]y-Xnjw Ztl,
ss ssh\w {_qbx ]nXr-lm-ko-Xn,
\ amXrlm fkoXn \ {`mXrlmf
koXn, \ kzkrlm fkoXn, ffNm,
lm fkoXn, \ {_mW lm fkoXn.
{]mW t]mbn-cn-p Chsc iqew- sImv tXmn-
Iq-n, Ah-b-h-sf thsd thsd-bmn Zln-n-mepw
Chs\ \o ]nXm-hns\ l\n-h - \
- m-Wv Xo-bmbpw ]d-
bp-I-bn-. \o amXm-hns\ sIm-h-\m-Wpw ]d-I-bn-. \o
{`mXm-hns\ h[n--h-\m-Wpw ]d-I-bn-. \o kzkm-hns\
sIm-h-\m-sWpw ]d-I- bn-. \o BNm-cys\ sIm-h-\m-
sWpw ]d- I-bn-. \o {_-Ws\ sIm-h- \m- sWpw ]d-
I-bn- .
{]mtWm tly sshXm\n khmWn
`hXn; k hm Gj Ghw ]iy
thw a\zm\ Ghw hnPm-\
Xn hmZo `hXn; Xw tNZv {_qbp-cXn
hmZy-ko, XyXn-hmZy kvaoXn-{_q-bmXv;
\mh p hoX
ta-d ]nXmhv apX- em-b-h-scmw {]mW Xs-
bm-Ip-p. A-s\-bp {]mWs\ Adn-bp--h Cs\
Ipw a\\w sNbvXp \n-bnpw ISp ]d-bp--h\ - m-
bn-o-cp-p. Ah-t\mSv \o AXn-hm-Zn-bm-Wv Bsc-nepw
]d-I-bm-W-n Rm AXn-hm-Zn-bmWv Fp ]dbpw; ad-
bvp-I-bn- .

I ]Xn-\mdmw Jw
GjXp hm AXn-hm-ZXn bx ktXy\m
Xn hZXn tkmlw `Khx ktXy-\mXn
hZm-\oXn kXyw tXzh hnPnm
knX hyan-Xn. kXyw `Kthm hnPn
mk CXn.
BcmtWm ]c-am-amb kXyw Adn-bp--Xp-sImv
AXn-h-Zn-p-Xv Ah Ch-\m-Wv. A-bpsS ASp-
hn-cn-p Rm kXyw-sImv AXn-h-Zn-p-hm Cn-
pp Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p. A-s\-bm-Wn
kXyw Xs Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-Ww. k\Ip-am-c
adp-]Sn ]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ Rm kXys Adn-
bp-hm B{K- ln-pp Fp \mc-Z ]d-p.
]Xn-t\gmw Jw
b Zm ssh hnPm-\m-XyY kXyw hZXn
\mhn-Pm-\ kXyw hZXn. hnPm\
th kXyw hZXn hnm\w
tXzh hnPn-m-knX hyan-Xn. hn
m\w `Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
Ftm- gmtWm kXy- t- p- dnp hnm- \-ap--h-\m-bn- Xs Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-p-p. Fp k\Ip-am-c
o-cp--Xv, A\-cw kXys hZn-p-p. kXy-s- p- ]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ Rm \njvTtb Adn-bp-hm
dnp hnm-\-an-m--h kXys hZn--bn- . hnm- B{K-ln-pp Fv \mc-Z ]d-p.
\-ap--h kXyta ]d-bp-I-bp-q. hnm\w Xs Adn-
bp- hm B{K- ln--s- tS-- Xm-Ipp Fp k\Ip- am-c
]d-p. Atbm `K-hms\ hnm-\s Adn-bp-hm Ccp- ] - s mmw Jw
Rm B{K-ln-pp Fv \mc-Z Adn-bn-p.
]Xn-s\mw Jw
bZm ssh a\ptX fY hnPm-\m-Xn;
\maXzm hnPm-\mXn; assXzh hn
Pm\mXn aXn-kvtXzh hnPn-mkn
Xthy-Xn. aXnw `Kthm hnPn-mk
CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm a\\w sNp-Xv AXn-\p- tijw hnm-
\-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. a\\w sNmsX hnm-\-ap--
h-\m-bn-o-cp-I-bn-. a\\w sNbvXm am{Xsa hnm-\-
ap--h-\m-bn-o-cp-I-bp-p. a\\w Xs Adn-bp-hm
B{K-ln- -s-tS--Xm-Ip- p. Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-
p. `K-hm-s\, aXntb Rm Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-pp
Fv \mc- Z ]d-p.
N P
263
]sm]Xmw Jw K
bZm ssh {i-[m-XyY a\p-tX, \m{i
[-\p-tX, {i-[-tZ-h-a-\ptX {imf
tXzh hnPn-ZvRm-knX thyXn. {imw
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm {in- p-Xv Atm a\\w sNp- p.
{in-m--h a\\w sNp-n-. {in-p-h am{Xta
a\\w sNp-p-q. {i-Xs - - bmWv Adn-bp-hm B{K-
ln--s-tS-Xv Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Atbm
`K- hms\ Rm {isb Adn- bp- hm B{K- ln- pp Fv
\mc-Z ]d-p.
Ccp-] Xmw Jw
bZm ssh \nkvXn-jvT-XyY {iZp-[mXn \m
\nkvXn-jvT-RvOvd--[mXn; \nkvXn-jvT-th
{i-[mXn; \njvTn-tXzh hnPn-mko
X thyXn \njvTmw `Kthm hnPn-mk
CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm \njvT-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Atm
{in- p-p. \njvT-bn-m--h {in- p-n-. \njvT- bp-
-h am{Xsa {i-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bp-p. \njvT
bZm ssh Itcm-XyY \nkvXn-jvTXn; \mIr
Xzm \nkvXn-jvTXn; IrssXzh \nkvXn-jvTXn;
IrXnkvtX h hnPn-m-kn-X-thy-Xn. IrXnw
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm IrXn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Atm
\njvT-bp-h - -\m-bn-o-cp-p. IrXn-bn-msX Ccp- m
\njvT -bp--h-\m-bn-cn--bn-. IrXn-tbmSp IqSn-bn-cp- np
Xs \njvS-bp-- h\ - m-bn-cn-p-p. IrXn Xs Adn-b-s-
tS--XmWv Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. `K-hms\
IrXnsb Rm Adn-bp-hm B{K- ln-pp Fp \mc-
Z Adn-bn-p.
Ccp-] n cmw Jw
bZm ssh kpJw e`-tX-fY-I-tcmXn;
\m kpJw e_v[zm Itcm-Xn, kpJ-tah

I e_v[zm ItcmXn kpJw tXzh hnPn
mkn Xhy-an-Xn. kpJw `Kthm hnPn
mk CXn.
Ftm-gmtWm kpJw e`n-p-Xv Atm IrXn-bp--
h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. kpJw e`n-msX IrXn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-
p-Ib- n-. kpJw e`nm am{Xsa IrXn-bp-h- \
- m-bn-cn-
p-I-b p-p. kpJw Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln--s-S-Ww.
Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. `K-hmt\ kpJs Adn-
bp-hm Rm B{K-ln-pp \mc-Z ]d-p.
Ccp-] - n- aqmw Jw
tbm ssh `qam XXv kpJw; \evt]
kpJ-akvXn; `q ssah kpJw; `qamtXz
h hnPn-m-kn-Xhy CXn; `qam\w
`Kthm hnPn-mk CXn.
GXmtWm alp AXmWv kpJw. Aev]-n kpJ-
an-. kpJw `qam-hp-X- s- bmWv `qam-hp-Xs Adn-bp-hm
B{K-ln-Ww Fp k\Ip-am-c ]d-p. Atbm
`K-hms\ `qam-hns\ Adn-bp-hm Rm B{K-ln-pp
Fv \mc-Z At]-n-p.
Ccp-] - n- \ memw Jw
b{X \m\yXv ]iy-Xn, \m\y-y-tWmXn;
\m\y ZznPm-\mXn k`q-am, AY b{Xm-\y
]iy-Xy-\y-ytWm Xy\yZzn Pm\m-Xn, XZ
ev]w. tbm ssh `qam XZ-arXw AY-b-Zev]w
Xyw k `Khx Ikvan {]Xn-jvTnX
CXn. tkza-lnav\n; bZn hm\ aln-av\o-Xn.
GsXmcp XXz- n- emtWm asm- ns\ ImWm- - Xv, asm-
ns\ tIm-Xv asm-ns\ Adn-bm--Xv AXv `qam-
hm-Ip-p. GsXm-n-emtWm asm-ns\ ImWp--Xv, asm-
ns\ tIp-Xv asm-ns\ Adn-bp-Xv AXv Aev]-
am-Ip- p. GXmtWm `qamhv AXv Aar- X- am- Ip-p. GXmtWm
Aev]-am-bn-p-Xv AXv ay-am-Ip-p. `K-hms\ Cu
`qamhv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp \mc-
Z tNmZn-p. kz-amb aln-am-hn {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-
p. A-n aln-am-hnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-a-.
tKm Aiz-anl aln taXym NtX
lkvXn-ln-cWyw Zmk `mcyw t{Xm Wym
bX-\m-\o-Xn. \ml tahw {_hoan; {_
hoao-Xntlm hmNmt\ym ly\y-kvan
{]XnjvTnX C\n.
N P
264
tKm-tfbpw Aiz--tfbpw KP--tfbpw kz- K
tbpw Zmk-m- tcbpw `mcy-am-tcbpw hb-ep- I-tfbpw hoSp-
I-tfbpw C-s\-bp-h Cu temI-n aln-am-shv
]d-bp- p. asm-m-Wtm asm- n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn- cn-p-
Xv Fp- -X p-s Imv Rm Cns\ ]d-b p- n-.
Fm C{]- Imcw ]d-bpp Fv k\Ip- am- c ]d- p.
Ccp-] - mw Jw
k Ghm-[-kvXm-Xv, k D]-cn-m-Xv, k ]
mXv, k ]pc-kvXm-Xv, k Zn-WXx
k D-cXx k GthZw kh-an-Xn,
AYmtXm flwImc tZi Gh l
tahm A[-kvXm-Zl ap]-cnm Zlw
]m-Zlw ]pc-kvXm-Zlw ZoW tXmf
lap--ctXm flta thZw kh-an-Xn.
Xmsg B `qam-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. apI-fnepw ]Sn-mdpw
Ingpw hSpw `qam-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. PK-smw AXp-X-
s-bm-Ip- p. C\n Alw Imcm-tZiw ]d-b-s- Sp- p. At[m-
`m-K-n Xs-bm-Wv. ]Sn-mdp Rm Xs-bmWv
Ingp Rm Xs-bm-Wv. sXpw Ingpw Rm Xs-
bm-Wv. Cu PK-smw Rm Xs-bm-W.v
AYmX Bm-tZi Ghm ffsshm
[kvXm, Zmtm ]cn-m, Zmm ]m,
Zmm-]p-c-kvXm, Zmm-Z-n-WX
- , B
tm-cX Bss-thZw kh-anXn
khm Gj Ghw ]iy-thw a\zm\
Ghw hnPm-\-m cXn-cm--{IoU
B anYp\ Bm-\x k kzcmUv
`h-Xn. Xky kthjp temtIjp Ima-Nmtcm
`hXn AYtb f\yYm ftXm hnZp-c\y cmPm
\kvtX temIm `hn tXjmw
kthjp temtIjz Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn.
A\-cw Bm-tZiw ]d-bp-p. At[m-`m-K-n
Bm-hp-X-s- bm-W.v D]-cn-`m-K-n Bmhp Xs-bm-
Wv. ]mXv `mKv Bm-hp-X-s-bm-Wv. ]ptcm `mK-
nepw Bmhp Xs-bm-Wv. Zn-W, hma-`m-K--fnepw
Bm-hp-X -s-bm-Wv. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Bm-
hns can-p--h-\mbpw Bm-hns {IoVn-
p--h-\m-bpw, Bm-hp-sImp Xs Zzz-kpJw A\p-
`- hn-p--h-\m-bpw, Bm-hn- s\- sm- p- Xs Bn-p- -
h-\mbpw Ccn-p-p. Ah kzcm-m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\v
Fm temI--fnepw Ima-Nmcw knn-p-p. BcmtWm
CXn\p hn]-co-X- ambn Adn-bp--Xv, Ah thsd kzman-bp-

I -h-cmbpw b-ap temI--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cmbpw Xocp-
p. Ahv Fm temI--fnepw Ima-Nm-c-an-m-bI
v bpw
hp IqSp-p.
Ccp-] - mdmw Jw
Xky l hm GX-sskyhw ]iyX
Ghw a\zm\ sskyhw hnPm-\Xm
BXx {]mW, B-X, Bimff
Xx kvac, BX BIm-iw, B
mX-kvtX-P, BX B] BX
Bhn`m-h-Xntcm `mhm, hmtXm f
amtXm _e, amtXm hnm-\,
amtXm [ym\ am-X-n amXx
kev] BtXm a\ BtXm
hmKm-tXm \ma fftXm a{m B
\x Im-Wym-X GthZw kanXn.
Cs\ ImWp--h\pw Cs\ a\\w sNp--h\pw
Cs\ Adn-bp--h-\p-amb B hnZzm\v {]mW Bm-
hn \nm-Ip-p. Bi Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. kvarXn
Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. BImiw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-
p. tXPv Bm-hn \nm-Ip- p. Ap-I Bm- hn
\nm-Ip-p. D-nbpw {]f-bhpw Bm-hn \nm-
Ip-p. Aw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. _ew Bm-hn
\nm-Ip-p. hnm\w Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. [ym\w
Bm-hn\n-m-Ip-p. Nnw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p.
kev]w Bm- hn \nm- Ip- p. hmv Bm- hn \nm-
Ip-p. \maw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p. a{- Bm-
hn \nm-Ip-p. I- Am- hn \nm-Ip-p. Cu
PKsmw Bm-hn \nm-Ip-p.
XtZj tmI \ ]tiym arXypw ]iyXn
\tcm-Kw, t\m X Zpx JXmw, khw l
]iyx ]iyXn khw {]m]vt\mXn khi
CXn. k GI-ss[h `h-Xn, {Xn[m `
hXn ][m k]vX[m \h[m ssNh
]p\ ssIm-Zix kvarXx iXw N
Zi ssNI kl-{km-WnN hnwiXnx
Blmcw ipu kXz-ipnx kXz-ipu
{[phm kvarXnx kvarXn eavt` kh{K
o\mw hn{]-tam--kvXkvssa arZn-XI
jmbmb Xa-kk - v]mcw Zi-bXn `K-hm
k\Ip-am-ckvXw kvI CXym N-tX,
XwkvI CXym-N - -tX.
N P
265
B A- n Cu a{w Dv. bYms K
ImWp--h ac- Ws ImWp-n- . tcmKt ImWp-n-
. ZpxJ `mht ImWp-n-. bYm Zkn kh-
tbpw ImWp-p. Fm {]Im-c-nepw khs {]m]n-
p-p. B hnZzm Hcp hn[- n Ccn-p-p. aqp {]Im-
c- nepw Ap {]Im-c-n-epw, Bbn-o- cp- p. Ggp {]Im-
c-n-epw, H]Xp hn[- nepw ]n--Xn-s\m-m-bnpw \qn-
-Xn-s\m-m- bnpw Bbn- c-n- cq-]-Xm-bn-pw, `hn-p- p. hnj-
bm-\p-`-h-cq-]a
- mb hnm-\-n\p ipn-bp-m-Ip-tm
AxIc-W-ipn Dm-Ip-p. kXz ipn-bp-m-Ip- tm
Ahn-n--bmb kvarXn Dm-Ip-p. kvarXn-sb-e-`n-m
Fm lrZ-b{- K-n-I-fptSbpw hn\miw Dm-Ipp. cmK-
tZz-jmZn cq]-amb Id Igp-In--f-n-p B\m-c-Zv `hm-
\mb k\Ip-am-c Ahn-Zym-cp-]-amb X]-n-n-p-d-ap
]c-am-X- Xzs ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p. At-ls (k-
\Ip-am-cs\) kvI Fp ]d-bp-p.
Fmw Aymbw
Hmw Jw
Znv tZiw Imew apX- em-bh - b
- psS t`Z--sfm-p-an-m-
Xpw kh-P-K-Zm--Ihpw GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb
BXm-am-hmWv {_-sav ap]n ]dp Ignp.
Fnepw hnm-\n-I-f-m--hv {_s Adn-bp--
Xn-\mbn lrZ-b-]p--co- Is Dt]-Z-in-t--Xm- h- iy- am-Wv.
{_-hn-p-I-v kv{XoI BZn-bmb hnj-b - -fn
\nv X\nsb \nhrn Dm- Ip-sa-nepw km[m-c-W- mv
hnj-bX - r-jva-bn \np tamN\w Ffp--a-. AXn\v
{_-Ncyw XpS-nb km[-\-hn-ti-j- IqSntb Xocq.
Znv tZi, KpWw, KXn, ^ew apX-em-b-h-bpsS t`Z-an-m-
Xpw ]c-am-k-pw, AZz-b-hp-amb {_ a-_p-n-
Iv Ak-s--t]mse tXmp-I-bp-p. BZyw Ah
t\h-gn-p-hc - -s, ]ns kmh-[m\w Ahv ]c-am-
k-n-t\bpw {Klnnp sImSpmw Fp {ipXn hnNm-cn-
p-p.
lcnx Hmw AY bZn-Z-a-kvan {_-]ptc
Zlcw ]p-coIw thiva Zltcm fkvan
cw Imi kvXkvan bZ kvXZ-t\zjvT
hyw, XZzm-h-h n-Pn-m-knX hyan-Xn.
Cu ico-c- n sNdp-Xmb Cu lrZ-b] - p--co-I-am-
Ip Krlw GtXm Cu Krl-ns Dn sNdp-Xmb
BImiw Dv. AXn-\p-n GXmtWm DXv AXv At\z-
jn--s-tS--Xm-Ip-p. AXv Adn-b-s-tS--Xm-Ip-p.
Xw tNZv {_qbpZn Za-kvan {_
]ptc Zlcw ]p-coIw thiva
Zltcm kvan--cm-Imix Inw XZ{X

I hnZytX bZ-t\z hyw bZzmh hnPn
mknX hyanXn; k {_qbmXv
Cu {_-]p-c-n sNdp-X mb ]pWvZ-co-I-am-Ip
Krlw GtXm, CXns Dn D BImiw AXnepw
sNdp-Xm-Ip-p. CXn GXmtWm At\z-jn--s-tS--Xv,
GXmtWm Adn-b-s-tS-Xv An-s\-bp FmWv
DXv? BNm- cy- t\mSv injy-m tNmZn--bm-W-n Ah
]d-b-Ww.
bmhm hm Ab-am-Imi kvXmhmt\
tjm lrZb BImix Dt`
Akvan tZymhm ]rYnho A-tch
kam-ln-tX, D`m-h-n hmbp "kq
mN-{-a-kmhp Zu' hnZyp---{Xm-Wn,
bm-tky-lm-kvXn-b-\
- mkvXn khw XZ
kvan kam-lnX anXn.
Cu `uXn-Im-Imiw F{X-tm-f-ap--XmtWm Cu lrZ-
b-n- ep BImiw A{X-tm-f-ap--Xm-W.v Zymhm ]rYn-
hn-I cpw CXn-\ p-ns nXn-s N- p- p.
Anbpw hmbphpw F cpw, kqcy-N{- -m cpw
hnZyppw \-{X-fpw Cu tZlnv Cu temI-n
Dtm AXp GXv Ctbm AXp Fmw Cu lrZ-bm-Im-i-
n nXn-sN-p-p.
Xw tNZ {_qbp, ckvanw tZv {_]p
tc khw kam-ln-Xw, khmWn N
`qXm-\n, kth NIm-am, bssZ-X
cm f hm]vt\mXn {][zw-ktX hm, Inw
XmtXm f Xnin-jyX CXn. k{_q-bmXv
Cu {_-]p-c-n Fm `qX-fpw Fm Ima-fpw
khhpw kam-l n-X- a m-b n-cn- p- p. Fn Ftm
CXns\ Pc {]m]n-tbm AXp \in-tbm sNp-pthm
Atm AXn\nv A\ya-ambn Fv A[n-I-ambn
tijnpw? ANm-cy-t\mSv tNmZn--bm-W-n Ah ]d-
b-a w.
Fns\ Fm-
\mky Pc-ssb-X -oXn; \ht[
\mky l\ytX; GXXv kXyw {_
]p-c, akvan Imamx kam-lnXmx,
Gj Bm f ]lX ]m]va hnP
tcm hnar-Xyphn-timtIm hnPn-Ltmf
]n]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x bYm
tlythl {]Pm At\zm-hn-i-n, bw
ba--a`n Imam `hn bw P\-]Zw
bw t{X `mKw \tathm ] Pohn
N P
266
Cu icocns Pc-sImv Cu A-cm-Im-i-sap
K
]d-bp {_w Pcsb {]m]n--bn-. Cu ico-c - ns
h[-m l\n--s-Sp-I-bn-. kXy-amb {_-]pcw CXm-
Wv. CXn Fm Ima-fpw nXn-sN-p-p. CXv Bm-
hm-Ip-p. [m-Z-cq-]a - mb ]m]w Cm-Xm-p-p. Pc-
bn-m--Xpw, arXyp-hn-m--Xpw, timI-an-m--Xpw, hni-
n-m--X-Xpw, Zml-an-m-Xpw k^-e--fmb Ima--tfm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw kXy--fmb kXy--fmb k-ev] - -tfmSp
IqSn-bXpw BIp-p. GXp {]Imcw Cu temI-n {]P-
I X-fpsS kzman-I-fpsS A\p-im-k\w A\p-k-cnv
A\p-hn-p-p. GtXXp tZi-tbpw GXp P\-]Z- -
tbpw GXp t{X-`m-K-tbpw B{K-ln-p--hc - m-bn-
cn-p-pthm AXm-Xn-s\-s D]-Po-hn-p-p.
XZytY l I PntXm temIx o
bX Gh-ta-hm-ap-{X-] pWy PotXm
temIx obtX XZy Clm f /m
\a-\-\p-hnZy {hPty Xmw k-Xym
Imamw kvtXjmw kthjp temtIjz
Imam-Nmtcm `hXn; AY b Clm f f m
\ a\p-hnZy {hP-tyXmw Imamw kvtX
jmw kthjp temtIjp Ima-Nmtcm `h-Xn.
GsXmcp {]Im-c-n Cu temI-n tkhm-Zn-I-
m km-Zn--s-Sp temIw bn-p-p. C{]-Imcw
Xs ]c-tem-I-n ]pWy-m km-Zn--s-Sp
temIw bn-p-p. AXn-\m BcmtWm Cu temI-
n Bm-hn-t\bpw Fm Ima--tfbpw Adn-bmsX
icocw hnp-t]m-hp-Xv Ahv Fm temI--fnepw
Akzm-X{yw Dm-hp-p. Fm BcmtWm Cu temI-
n Bm-hns\ Adn-nv icocw hnp-t]m-hp-Xv
Ahv Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw knn-p-p.
cmw Jw
k bZn ]nXr temI-Imtam `hXn
k-ev]m-tZ-hmky ]nXcx kap-njvT
n tX\ ]nXr-tem-tI\ ktm alo-b-tX.
Bm-hns\ Adn- bp--h ]nXr-tem-Is B{K-ln- p-
- h - \ m bn `hn - p p F n Chs k - e v ]-
ms ]nXm- Ah- t\mSv kw_-n- phcm-bn-
o-cp-p. B ]nXr-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv almyw
A\p-`- hn- p-p.
AY bZn amXr-temI Imtam `hXn
kev]m tZhmky amXcx kap-n-jvT-n,
tXX amXr-tem-tI\ ktm alobtX

I ]ns amXr-tem-II
- m-a-\m-bn-cn-pp Fn Chs
k- ev]-ms amXm- kap- m\w sNp-p. B
amXr-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv amlmyw {]m]n-p-p.
AY bZn {`mXr-temI Imtam `h-Xn,
k-ev]m-tZ-hmky {`mXcx kap-njvT
n; tX\ {`mXr temtI\ ktm
alo-b-tX.
{`mXr-tem-Is Iman-p--h-\m-W
- n Chs k-
ev]
- ms {`m-Xm- kap-m\w sNp-p. B
`rXr-tem-I-m k--\m-bnv Ah amlm-ys
A\p-`- hn- p-p.
AY bZn kzkr-temI Imtam `h-Xn,
kev]m tZhmky kzkmcx kapn
jvTn, tX\ kzkr-tem-tI\
ktm alo-b-tX.
ktlm-Z-cn-I-fpsS temIs B{K-lnI-p--h-\m-bn-cn-
pp Fn, Chs k- e] v - ms kzmkm-
Ah-t\mSp kw_-n-p-p. B kzkr-tem-I-m kar-
-\m-bnv Ah amlmyw A\p-`h - n-p-p.
AY bZn kJn-temI Imtam `hXn
kev]m tZhky kJm bx kapn
jvTn; tX\ kJn temtI\
ktm alo-btX
kJn temIs B{K- ln- p- -h-\m-bn-cp- m Chs
k-ev]-m- s, kJm- Ah-t\mSp kw_- n-p-
p. B kJn-tem-I-m kar--\m-bnv amlmyw A\p-
`-hn-p- p.
AY bZn K-am-ey-temI Imtam
`hXn kev]m tZhmky K
amtey kap-n-jvTXx tX\ K
amey temtI\ ktm alo-btX
K- a m-e y-tem-I s B{K-l n- p- -h -\ m-s W-n
Chs k-ev]-ms K-am-ey- kap- m\w
sNp- p. B K-a m-e y-tem-I - m kar--\ m-bnv
amlmyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
AY[ bZy ]m\ temI Imtam `h-Xn,
kev]m tZhm-kym ]mt\ kap-n-jvTXx
tX\m--]m\ temtI\ ktm alobtX
A-]m\ temIs Iman-p- - h- \m-sW- n Ahs
k- ev]- ms A-]m- \- kap- m\w sNp- p.
B A- ]m\ temI-m kar-- \m-bnv amlmyw A\p-
`-hn-p- p.
N P
267
AY bZo-KoX hmZnX temIIm K
tam `h-Xn, k-ev]m-tZ-hky KoX
hmZntX kap-n-jvTXx tX\ KoX
hmZn-Xt- em-tI\ ktm alobtX
KoX hmZn-X--fpsS temI-sf B{K-ln-p--h-\m-W-
n Chs k-ev]-ms KoX-hm-Zn-X- Ah-
t\mSp kw_-n-p-p. B KoX-hm-ZnX temI-m k-
-\m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
AY bZn kv{XotemI Imtam `hXn
kev]m tZhky kv{Xobx kap-njvT
n; tX\ kv{Xotem-tI\ ktm alo-btX
kv{Xotem- Is B{K-ln-p--h-\m-bn- cp- m, Chs
k- ev]-m-s, kv{XoI kap-m\w sNp- p. B
kv{Xotem- I-m kar- - \m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p- p.
bw ba--a-`n-Imtam `h-Xn, bw
Imaw Ima-btX tkmfky kev]m
tZh kap-n-jvTXn; tX\ ktm alo-btX
GtXXp tZiw B{K-ln- p--h-\m- bn-cn- p-p- thm, GXp
Imas Iman- p- p- t hm, AXv Chs k- e v ] -
ms Ah-t\mSp kw_-n-p-p. AXn-\m
kar--\m-bnv almyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
aqmw Jw
X Cta kXymx Imam A\r-Xm-]n-[m\mx
tXjmw kXym \mw kXm-a-\r-X-a-]n-[m\w;
tbm lytkyXx ss{]Xn \ Xanl
Zi-\mb e`tX
An-s\-bp Cu kXy--fmb Ima- A\r-X- am-
Ip A]n-[m-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- b
- m-Ip-p. kXy--fm-bn-cn-
p Ahbvv A\rXw ad-hm- Ip-p. Cu Pp-hn\v Bcm-
cmtWm Cu temI-n \np acn-p-Xv Ahs\ Cu
temI-n hopw ImWp--Xn\v e`n-p-n-.
AYtb Nmtky l Pohmtb Nm
t{]Xm-b-m-\y-Zn- \e-`-tX, khw
XZ{X KXzm hn-tX. A{X lyssky
tX kXymx Imam A\r-Xm-hn-[m\mx
XZyYm f ]n lnc-Wy-\n[nw \nln-X-a-t{X
mD-]p-]cn k-ctm \ hnt
bp, tc hta th amx khmx {]Pm
Al-c-l-y GXw {_-temIw
\ hny \rtX\ ln {]XyqUx

I Cu Pp-hn\v Cu temI--fn BcmtWm Pohn-n-cn-
p--h-cmbn DXv BcmtWm t{]X-cm-bn-p-Xv thsd
Ftm-mtWm Cn-nv e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv AXns\
Fmw lrZ-bm-Im-i-sap ]d-bp Cu {_-n Kan-
m e`n-p- p. Fm ChnsS Chs Fm Ima- fpw
A\r-X-am-Ip ad-thmSp IqSn nXn-sN-p-p. AXn\p
Zrmw ]d-bmw. GXp {]Im-c-amtWm `qan-bn Ipgn-n-n-
p kz-\n-[n-bpsS ASp-p-ap-I-fn k-cn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-mepw \n[n-t-{Xs Adn-bm--
hv e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv C{]-Imcw Xs Cu {]P-I-
sfmw Cu {_-am-Ip temIs Znh-kw-tXmdpw Kan-
p--h-cm-bn-cp-npw e`n-p-n-. Fs-m A\r-X-
m Ah kzcq-]-n\nv A]-l- cn--s- n-cn-p-p.
k hm Gj Bm lrZn; Xssky
XtZh \ncpw lrZy-b-anXn; Xkvam
yZbw; Al-c-lm Ghw hnXv
kzw temI-ta-Xn.
An-s\-bp {]Ir-X-amb Cu Bm-hmWv lrZ-b-
n-ep--Xv. A-s\-bp Cu lrZ-b-n\v lrZ-b-n
CXm Bmhp nXn sNpp Fp--Xp-Xs \nh-
N-\-am- Ip-p. AXp-sImv lrZ- b- sap ]d- bp-p. C{]-Imcw
Adn-bp--h Znhkw tXmdpw kz-temIw {]m]n-p-p.
AY b Gj k{-kmtZm f kvam
cocmXv kap-mb ]cw tPymXn-cp]
kw]-Zy-tk\ cqt]-W-` n-\n-j v]-ZytX;
Gj Bt-Xntlm hm ssNX arX
-a-`b taXZv {_tXn Xky l hm
GXky {_tWm \ma-k-Xy-an-Xn.
Cu kz-tem-Is {]m]n-p-sap ]d hnZzm
Btcm Ah icocw Bm-sh-p `mh-\sb Dt]-n-
n-v, ]c-amb tPymXn-ns\ {]m]np kz- cq-]-n Bbn-
o-cp-p. CXp Bmhv Fv BNm-cy ]d-p. CXv
Ahn-\m-inbpw `b-an-m-- Xp-am-Ip-p. CXv {_-am-Ipp
Fp ]d-p. A-s\-bp Cu {_-ns \maw
kXy- am-Ip- p.
Xm\n lhm GXm\n {XnWy--cmWn
kXo-b-anXn XZyXv kXv XZ-arX
aY bXv Xn Xy, aY bZyw tXt\m
t` bXn; bZt\ t\t\m-t`-b-Xn
XkvamZyw Al-c-lhm Ghw hnXv
kzw temI taXn.
Ah ""kXobw'' Fv aqp A-c-am-Ip-p. Ah-bn
""kX'' Fp-Xv GtXm AXv Aar-X-am-Ip-p. ]ns Xn
Fp--tXtXm AXp ay-am-Ip-p. ]ns ba Fp-
N P
268
-tXtXm cn-t\bpw Iqn-s-p-p. CXp sImv cn- K
t\bpw \nb-an-pp Fp--Xn-\m ""bav'' Fp ]d-b-
s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Znhkw tXmdpw kz-
am-Ip temIs {]m]n-p-p.
\memw Jw
AY b Bm ktk-Xp, hn[rXn tc
jmw temIm-\m-akw t`Zmb; ss\
Xw tkXp atlm cmt{X Xc-tXm, \
Pcm, \ar-Xyp, timtIm \kp-IrXw
\ ZpjvIr-Xw, kth ]m]vamt\mf
tXmXn-ht; A] lX ]m]v
amtlyj {_-temIx
Bm-shp ]d--tXtXm AXv Cu temI-v
hn\miw hcm-Xn-cn-p-n-\m-bp th-hn-[-n \ne-
\np--Xmb tkXp BIp-p. Cu tkXp-hns\ Atlm-
cm-{X- ]cn-tO-Zn-p-n-. Pc {]m]n-p-n-. arXyp
{]m]n-p-n-. timIw {]m]n-p-n-. kpIrXw {]m]n-p-
n- . ZpjvI rXw {]m]n- p- n- . Fm ]m]- fpw
CXn\np \nhn- p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m Cu
{_-am-Ip temIw ]pWy-]m-]- Cm--Xm-W.v
XkvamZzm GXw tkXpw Xozmf
x kX tm `hXn; hnx
k-hntm `hXn; D]-Xm]n k\p
]Xm]o `hXn XkvamZzm GXw tkXpw
Xozm f ]n\--a-l-tc-hm`n \njv]-ZytX
kIr-Zzn-`m-tXmtly sshj {_-temIx
AXp-sImv Cu tkXp-hns\ XcWw sNbvXnv A-
\m-bn-cp--h A-\-m--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ZpxJmZn-kw-
_-- ap--h-\m-bn-cp--h ZpxJmZn-kw-_--an-m--h-\m-
bn-o-cp-p. tcmKm-Zyp-]-Xm-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cp--h D]-
Xm-]--fn-m--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-sImv Cu tkXp-
hns\ XcWw sNbvXnv cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Bbn-o-cp-p.
Cu {_-temIw Ftmgpw Htc cq]-n {]Im-in-p-sIm-
n-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
XZy G ssh Xw {_-temIw
{_-Nt-Wm-\p-hn--n, tXjm ta
sshj {_-tem-I, kvtXjmw kt
jp temtIjp Imam-Nm-tcm-`h- -Xn.
AXn-\m BcmtWm Cu {_-tem-Is {_-
NcywsImv e`n-p--Xv, Cu {_-temIw Ahp
Xs- bm-Ip-p. Ahv Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw
knn-p-p.

I Amw Jw
AY bZy CXym N-tX, {_
N-ta-h-XXv {_-NtW tlyhtbm
mXw Xw hntX AY bZn
anXym-N-tX {_-N-tah XXv
{_ NtW tlythzm ff m\-a\p
hntX
GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm bw Fv in-m ]d-bp-
Xv AXv {_-Ncyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Fs-m {_-
N-cyw-sIm-p-Xs mXm-hm-bn-p--h\p {_-temIw
e`n-p-p. ]ns GXns\ C-sap ]d-bptm AXv
{_-N cyw Xs-b m-I p- p. Fs- m {_-N cyw
sImp-Xs Cuiz-cs\ ]qPn-nv AYhm Bm-hns\
GjW sNbvXnv Bm-hns\ e`n-p-p.
AY bXv k{m-bW anXym N
tXXv; {_-NtW tlyh kX
Bm\-kv{XmWw hntX; AYb
u\-an-Xym-N-tX {_-N-tah
XXv, {_-NtW lymm-\-a\p
hnZy-a-\ p-tX.
GXns\ BtWm kXv{Xm-bWw Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv
{_-N cyw Xs-b m-I p- p. Fs- m {_-N cyw
sImp-Xs kn\nv Xs cWw e`n-p-p.
GsXm-ns\ BtWm au\w Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXv {_-
Ncyw BIp-p. Fs-m {_-N-cyw-sIm-p-Xs
Bm-hns\ Adn-nv a\\w sNp-p.
AY bZ-\m-i-Im-b-\-anXym NtX
{_-N-t a-h-X Xv; Gj-lym-m\
\iyXn bw {_-Nt-Wm-\p-hn-tX
AY bZ-c-Wym-b\ anXym NtX {_
N-ta-h-XXv; XZ-c lsshWy
mW hu {_-tem-tI, XrXob kym
antXm Znhn, XssZcw aZobw kcx
XZ-izx tkma-k-h\x XZ-]-cmPn
Xm ]q{_-Wx {]`q-hn-anXw lncbw.
GXns\ BtWm A\m-i-Im- b\w Fp ]d-bp-- Xv, AXv
{_-Ncyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. GXv Bm-hn-s\-bmtWm
{_-N-cyw-sImv e`n-p-Xv B Bmhv \in-p-n-.
]ns GXn-s\-bmtWm Ac-Wym-b\w Fp ]d-bp-Xv
AXp {_-Nc - yw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Cu temI-n\n-v,
aqm-as tZymhmb B {_-tem-I - n Ac-sapw
]pWysa-pw, {]kn--amb kap-{Z- Dv. AhnsS
sFcw \nd-Xpw D]- tbm-Kn- p--hv aZ- P-\-Ihpw Bb nemtWm hym]vX-amb al-mb Hcp amw ASp-p-
N P
269
kcv Dv. AhnsS tkma-h-\-sap t]cp As-n K
AarXv Dudp Ac-bm Dv. AhnsS A]-cm-PnX Fp
t]cp {_-n ]pcn Dv. {]`q-hmb {_-m
hnti-jn-p-m--s kz-am-b-amb a]w Dv.
XZy G ssh Xmhcw NWyw Nm
hu {_-temtI {_-Nt-Wm\p
hn-n, tXjmta sshj {_tem
IkvtXjmw kthjp temtIjp Ima
Nmtcm-`-h-Xn.
B {_-tem-I -n BcmtWm Cu Ac-sapw
]pWysap ]d-bp A-h-sf {_-N-cyw-sImv
e`n-p-Xv Cu {_-temIw Ahv am{XamWv Ahv
Fm temI--fnepw kzmX{yw knn-p-p.
Bdmw Jw
{_-N-cymZn km[-\- XnI-pw, _mly-hn-j-b--
fm-Ip A\r-X--fn-ep XrjvWtb shSnpw Bcm-
tWm, lrZ-b-]p--co-I-n-ep-Xpw ta-d KpW--
tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb {_s D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah\v
aqm-hn-ep \mUn-bn IqSn-bp KXn-hn-h-cn-m
\mVo-J--s- -n-bmWv C\n ]d-bp--X.v
AY bm GXm lrZ-bky \mUy, kvXmx
]nv Ke-kym-Wnav\ kvXnjvT-n, ip
ky, \oe-ky, ]oX-ky, temln-X-tkyXn
Aku hm BZnXyx ]nvK-e, Gj ip Gj
\oe Gj ]oX Gj temlnXx
Cu lrZ-bs kw_-n \mVn- I Ghtbm Ah
]nvKe hhpw temln-X-h-hp-amb AWn-am-hp-
sImp \ndv nXn-sN-p-p. B BZn-Xy Xs
]nwK-e-h-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy ip-
h-tmSpw IqSn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy \oe \nd-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy ]oX-h-tm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. Cu BZn-Xy temln-X- htm-Sp-Iq-
Sn-bn-cn-p- p.
XZyYm alm-]Y BXX D`u {Kmsau
K-Xoaw Nmapw ssNhta sshXw
BZn-Xyky civab D`u temIu
Ko aw Nmapw Nm apjvam-ZmXym
Xv {]Xm-bt; Xm Bkp-\m-Uojp
kr]vXm Bt`ym-\m-Vo`yx {]Xm-bt
tX f apjvan-m-ZntXy kr]vXmx
B hnjb-n\v Zrmw ]d-bmw. GXp {]Imc-

I -Xpw, AI--Xp-amb cp {Kma-tf tNp--Xv, A{]-
Imcw Cu BZn-Xys civan-I CXpw AXp-amb cp
temI--fn Kan-p- p. BZnXy-a- -e - n \nv
XpS-bmbn ]c-p-p. Ah-\m-Un-I-fn {]th-in-n-cn-
pp; \mUn-I-fn \nv XpS-bmbn ]pd-s-Sp-p. Ah
B BZn-Xy-\n {]th-in-p-p.
XZy ss{XXXv kp]vXx kakvXx
kw{]-k x kz]v\w \hn-Pm-\m-Xymkp
kZm \mUojp kr]vtXm `hXn Xw
\ I\ ]m]vam-kv]r-iXn;
tXPkm ln XZm ktm `hXn
As\ Ccn- s, Ftm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-p
Poh kh- I-c-W-hym-]m-c-tf D]-kw-l- cn-pw, \- hw
{]km-Z-ap--h-\m-bpw, kz]v\s Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p-p-thm,
Atm Cu \mVn-I-fn {]th-i n--h-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p.
Ahs\ Hcp ]m]hpw kzin-p-n-. Atm tXP-n-
\m hym]vX-\m-bn-`h- n-p-p.
AY b ss{X XZ _en-am\w \o tXm
`hXn Xa-`nX Bko\m Blp
Pm\m-knamw Pm\m-kn-am-anXn bmh
Zkvam-c
- o-cm-Z-\p{Im `hXn Xmh
m\m- Xn.
A\-cw GXp Imev B _e-Xzs {]m]n--s--
h-\m-bn-Xo-cp-p-thm, Atm Ah\p Nppw Ako-\-m-cm-
bnv Fs Adn-bp-p-thm, Fs Adn-bp-pthm Fv
mXn- I ]d- bp-p. B acn-m t]mIp--h Ftm
Cu ico-c-n \np D{I-an-m--h-\mbn `hn-p-p-
thm, AXp-hsc Adn-bp-p.
AY b ss{XX-Z-kvam-c - n-cm-Zp
{Ima-XyssY ssX tch civanZn cp
am{I-atX k Hman-Xnhm tlm Zzm
anbtX kbm-hXv nt]y--\, kvXm
hZm-ZnXyw KXn; GX-ssZz-J-ep-temI
Zzmcw hnZpjmw {]m]-Z\w \ntcmt[mf hnZpjmw
Ftm C{]-Imcw Cu ico- c-n \np D{I-an-p-
pthm AXn-\p-tijw CtX civan-I-fn IqSn apI-fn-tep
t]mIp-p. Ah Hmw Fp [ym\n-p-s Im-p-Xs
tat]mp Kan-p-p. Ah F{X kabw sImmtWm
a\-ns\ t]n-p--Xv, A{Xbpw ka-bw-sImv BZn-
Xys\ Kan-p-p. {_-tem-I
- ns Zzmcw CXm-W.v hnZzm-
mv {_-tem-Is {]m]n-p-hm-\p hgn CXm-Wv.
Ahn-Zzm-mp \ntcm-[-m-\hpw CXm-W.v
XtZ-jtmIx
ta-d A-n Xmsg-]dv -bp tmIw Dv. kan-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS kao-]v Fn.
N P
270
(a-{w) iYw ssN ImN lrZ-bky \mUy: K
kvXmkmw aqm-\-a-`n\nx krssXIm
Xtbmzm-am-b arX-Xz-taXn hnjz
\ym D{I-atW `h-yp{IatW `hn
lrZ-bs kw_-nv \qsmv \mUn-I Dv. Ah
aqm-hn IqSn shfn-bn hn-cn-p-p. AXnIqSn
taevt]mp t]mIp--h Aar-X- Xzs {]m]n-p-p. ]e
hgn-p ap \mUn-I D{I-a-W-n\p am{Xw D]-tbm-
K-s-Sp--h-bm-Ip- p.
Ggmw Jw
b Bm f ] lX ]m]vam hnPtcm
hnar-Xyp-h n-timtIm hnPn-Lt- my f]n
]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x tkm
f t\zhyx knhn-Pn- m-kn-Xhyx, kh
hmw temIm-\m-]vt\mXn khmw
Imam bkvXa - m-m\ a\znjy hnPm\m
XoXnl {]Pm-]Xn cp]m-N.
GsXm-cm-m-hm- tWm, [m- [-cq-]-amb ]m]-an-m- -
Xpw, Pc-bn-m- -Xpw, arXyp-hn-m- -Xpw, timI-an-m--Xpw,
`n-p--Xn\v B{K-l-an-m--Xpw, ]n]m-k-bn-m--Xpw,
kXy--fmb Ima--tfmSp IqSn-bX - pw, kXy--fmb k-
ev]--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xpw, Bbn-cn-ptm AXv At\z-jn--
s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p, Adn-bm B{K-ln--s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p.
BcmtWm B Bm-hns\ At\z-jn-,v Ah-\-h\v A\p-`-
h-ap \ne-bn-em-p-Xv Ah, Fm temI--tfbpw
Fm Ima--tfbpw {]m]n-p-p.
Xtm-`tb tZhm-kpcm A\p-_p-_p[n
tc; tX tlmNqx l! Xam-m\
a\zn- mtam bam-m-\-a-\zn-jy-khmw
tem-Im-\m-]vt\mXn kmw- -Im-a m-\nXn
Ct{m sslh tZhm\m a`n-{]-h-{hmP;
hntcm-Nt\m f kpcmWmw; Xu lmkw hn
`m\m thh kan ]mWo {]Pm-]Xn
kIm-i -am-P -Xpx
{]Pm-] -X n-bpsS hN-\s tZhm-k p-X-c-m cp
Iqcpw A\p-t_m-[n-p. Cu tZhm-kp-c-m ]d-p. GXv
Bm-hns\ At\z-jn-n-mtWm Fm temI--tf-bpw,
Fm Ima- - tfbpw {]m]n- p- Xv B Bm- hns\ Ctm
\apv At\z-jn-mw. tZh-m-cn C{ Xs {]Pm-]-Xn-
bpsS ASp--tep t]mbn. Akp-c-m-cn hntcm-N\ -
t]mbn. Ah ]c- k] v cw ssa{Xn sNm-sX-X- s, ssIn

I Xu l Zzm{Xnw iXw hjmWn {_N
aq-jXpx, Xul {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hm-N
Inan-
- m-h-hm-kvXa - nXn Xu tlmNXpx
b Bmy f]l-X-]m]vam hnPtcm
hnar-X yp hntimtImfhnPn- Ltmf
]n]mkx kXy-Imax kXy-k-ev]x
tkmft\zhyx, k hnPn- m-k n-Xhyx
khmw temIm\m ]vt\mXn khmw
Imam, bkvXa - m-m-\-a-\znjy hnPm\m
XoXn `K-htXm htNm thZ-b-t. X
an-m-h-hm-k vX-a n-X n.
Ah ap- n- cp hj- mew {_- N-cy- tmSp hkn- bp {]Xn-cq-]s ImWp-p.
p. Ah- tcmSv {]Pm- ]Xn \n Fns\ Cn- p-sIm-mWv
hkn-Xv? Fp tNmZn-p. GXv Bm-hmtWm ]m]-an-m-
Xpw Pc-bn-m-Xpw arXyp-hn-m--Xpw, timI-an-m-
Xpw Bin- m C-bn-m-Xpw ]n]m-k-bn-m-Xpw
kXy--fmb ImatfmSp IqSn- bXpw kXy--fmb k-
ev]- -tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bbn-p--Xv, B Bmhv At\z-
jn--s-tS-Xpw kmm- cn--s-tS-avSXpw BIp-p.
BcmtWm Bm-hns\ imkv{Xm-N m-tcym-]-tZ-i- -s f-
smv Adnv A\p-`-h-s-Sp-p-Xv Ah Fm
temI--tfbpw Fm Ima--tf-bpw, {]m]n-p-p. C{]-
Im- c-ap `K- hms hmp in- m Adn-bp- p. B Bm- mcpw, \ hkv{X--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hcpw, ]cn-jI
hns\ Adn-hm Cn-p-sImp R {_-Nc - y-n am-bnv DZ- i- cm- h- n t\mp-hn''. Ah \-hw Bew-
hkn-p.
Xu l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hm-N- b Gtjm f
nWn ]pcptjm ZriyX Gj Bt
Xn tlmhmssNXZ arX-a-`b taX
Zv{_t-Xn. AY tbm f bw `Kthm f
]vkp ]cn-Jym-b-tX, b mb-am-Zi
IXa Gj CXn. Gj D G sshjvT
kth-jz-tjvT ]cn-Jym-bX CXntlm hmN.
Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p: An-bn GXp ]pcp-j-
\mtWm Cu ImW- s-Sp-Xv AXv Bmhv BIp-p. AXv
ac-W-an-m-Xpw `b-an-m-Xpw BIp-p. AXv {_-am-
Ip-p. Fpw {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. `K-hmt\ GXmtWm
Ap-I-fn Cu Adn-b-s-Sp--X,v GXmtWm ]ns Im-
Sn-bn Cu Adn-b -s -Sp- -X v, Cu Bmhv AXn
GXmWv? Fv C{, hotcm-N-\ - m tNmZn-p. Cu ]pcp-
j Xs Cu ay--fn-semw Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
Fmw Jw
DZ-i-cmh Bm-\-a-thy bZm
t\m \ hnPm-\oY kvXt{]
N P
271
{_qX-an-Xn. Xutlm icm-thyth K
mw N{Im-tX. Xul {]Pm-]Xn
cphm-N, Inw ]iyY CXn Xu tlm
NXpx kh-ta-thZw `Kh Bm\w
]iymh Btem-a`y A\-t`Jyw {]Xn cp]-an-Xn.
DZIw \nd Nn-bn, Bm-hns\ Bth-Ww
sNbvXnv FmtWm Bm- hns\ kw_- nv \n Adn-
bm-Xv AXns\ FtmSp ]d-bp-hn. Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]d-
p. Ah DZIw \nd icm-h-n (N-n-bn)
t\mn. Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp: \n Fp
ImWpp? Ah ]dp `K-hms\ R apgp-h
Bm-hn-t\bpw AXm- bXv tcma- apX \J hsc-
Xu l {]Pm-]-Xn-cq-hmN "km[zew
IrXu kph k\u ]cn-jvIrXu `qtXz
Zi-cmthft]t-Ym-an-Xn. Xu l
km[zew IrXu kph-k\u ]cnjv
IrXu `qtXzm Zi-cmth f thmw
N{Im-sX. Xu l {]Pm-]Xn cphmN:-
Inw ]iyY' CXn.
Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]dp ""\-hw Bew-Ir-X-
v r-X-m-cp-
Ir-X-mcpw ]cn-jI v r-Xcpw Bbn-onv DZ-i-cm-h- n
t\mn. Ah-tcmSv ""\n Fp ImWpp?'' Fv {]Pm-
]-Xn tNmZn-p.
Xu tlmNXpx bssY thZ amhmw
`Khx km[zmewIrXu kph-k\u
]cn-jvIrXu kzx, Gh tath au
`Khx km[zew IrXu kph k\u
]cn-jvIrXm hnXn. Gj BtXn tlm
hm ssNX Zar-Xa `b taXZv {_tXn.
Xu l im lrZbu {]h-{h-P-Xvx
Ah ]dp "" `K-hmt\ GXp-{]-Im-c-n-emtWm
R Cs\ \-hw Bew-Ir-X-mcpw \ hk-\-
tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b- hcpw, ]cn-jI
v r-X- mcpw Bbn-cn- p-Xv A{]-
Imcw Xs `K-hm-t\, Cu "Ombm-m-' thhn[w
Bew-Ir-X-m-cmbpw, \ hkv{X--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cpw, ]cn-
jvIr- X- cp-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Xu lm\zoy {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN:-
A\p-]-e`ym f f m\ a\-\ p-hnZy {hP-tXm,
bXc GX-Zp-c-]n-jtXm `hn-jyn tZ
hm hm f kpcm-hm, tX ]cm-`-hn-jy-oXn

I k l im lrZb Gh hntcm-Nt\m f
kpcm PKma tXt`ym sslXm-ap-]\n
jZw t{]mhmNm f f ss th l al-,
Bm ]cn-N Bm\ tathl al
bm-m\w ]cn-Nc - p `u temImh
hm]vt\m-Xoaw Nmapw tNXn.
As\ t]mIp C{-hn-tcm-N-\ - msc Inv {]Pm-
]Xn ]dp: Bm-hns\ Adn-bm-sX-bpw, A\p-`h - -s-Sp-
m-sXbpw Ch t]mIp-p. tZh-mtcm Akp-c-mtcm
BcmtWm Ch B{K-ln-n-p--Xp-t]mse Bm-hn-Zysb
{Kln-h - c
- mbn Xocm t]mIp-Xv Ah t{itbm-am-
n \np sXn-tm-Ipw. B hntcm-N-\ im lrZ-b-
\mbn Akp-c- m-cpsS ASp--tep t]mbn. Ahv Cu
D]- \n- jp ]dp sImSp-p. Cu temI- n Bmhp
Xs ]qPn--s-tS-- Xm-W.v Bm-hmWv ]cn- N-cn--s-tS-
-X v. Cu temI- n Bm-h n-s\- -s , ]qPn-p-
sImpw Bm-hns\ ]cn-N-cn-p-sImpw Ccn-p--h,
cp temI- -tfbpw AXm-bXv Cu temI-tbpw ]c-tem-
I-tbpw {]m]n-p-p.
Xkvam-Z-]tZy lmZ Zm\-a-{i--[m-\-ab
Pam\ amlp-cm-kptcm _tXXn; Akp
cmtWm, tlytjm-]-\n-jXv t{]Xky
icocw `n-bm-h-kt\ \mew Imtc
tWXn kwkvp-h-n. GtX\ lypapw
temIw tPyjytm a\y-t.
AXn-\m Ftmgpw Cu temI-n Zm\w sNm--
hpw, {i-bn-m--h-\pw, bPn--io-e-an-m--h\pw Bbn-
p--hs\ Ah Akp- c-kz-`m- h-ap--XmWv Fv in-m
]d-bp-p. Fs- m Cu D]-\n-jv Akp-c- mp--
Xm-Wv. arXs ico-cs K-am-eym-Zn-I sImpw
hkv{Xw-sImpw Ae-m-cw- sImpw apw kwkvI-cn-p-
p. Cu ih-kw-kvImcw sImv ]c-tem-Is Pbn-m-
sav Ah hnNm-cn-p-p.
H]Xmw Jw
AY tlt{m f {]mss]yh tZhmt\
XZv `bw ZZi: b ssYh Jezb
akvan-RvO-cotc km[z-ew-IrtX km[zew
IrtXm `hXn kpJ kt\ kpJ k\x
]cn-jvIrtX ]cn-jvIr-X, Gh-ta-hmb
akvan-t f tm `h-Xn, {kmta {km
ax ]cn-hrIvtW ]cn-hrIvtWm f ssky
h ico-c-\m-i-a-t\zj \iy-Xn.
N P
272
C{ tZh-msc {]m]npw ap]p-Xs Xmsg--d- K
bp `bw Ip. GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Cu Ombm-
mhv Cu icocw th-hn-[-n Aew-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-p-
tm th hn[w Ae--cn--s--Xmbpw \ hkv{X-
tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-cn-p-tm \ hkv{X- tmSp IqSn-
b-Xmbpw \J-tcm-am-Zn-I Cm-Xn-cn-p-tm ]cn-jvIr-X-
ambpw `hn-p--Xv, CXp-t]m- se-Xs Cu Ombm- m-hv, Cu
icocw A-am-bn- cp-m A-am- bpw, Itm aqtm Hen-
p- -Xm-bn-c p-m Itm aqtm Hen- p--Xm-bpw,
ssItbm Imtem apdn--Xm-bn-cp-m ssItbm Imtem
apdn--Xmbpw Xocp-p. Cu ico-c - ns Xs \miw
A\p-k-cnv CXpw \in-pw.
\ml a{X t`mKyw ]iym-ao-Xn. k k
an ]mWnx ]p\tc bmb; Xw l
{]Pm-]Xn cphmN:- aL-h, bm-
lrZbx {]m{hmPox kmw hntcm
Nt\\ Inan- ]p\-cm-Ka CXn.
ktlm-hmNx b ssYh Jezbw `Kthm f
kvan icotc km[z-ew-IrtX km[z
ewIrtXm `h-Xn, kph-kt\ kph-k\x
]cn-jvIrtX ]cn-jvIrX; Ghta
hmb akvan-t f tm `h-Xn,
{kmta-{kmax ]cn-hrIvtW ]cn-hrIv
Wx Asskyh ico-cky \mi-a-t\zj
\iyXn; \ml a{X t`mKyw ]iyman
CXn.
Ombm Zi- \-n in- amb ^es Rm ImWp-
n-. Fv C{ ssIbn kan-p-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn hopw
Kan-p. Ah-t\mSp {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp: aL-hm, \o im-
lr-Z-b-\m-bnv hntcm-N-\-\p-sam-cp-an-v, kzKr-l-n- tep
t]mb-Xn\p tijw Fv Cnv \o XncnsI hp? Ah
]d-p. `K-hms\ GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Cu Ombm-
mhv Cu icocw thpw-hw Aew-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-p-
tm, \ hkv{X-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-tm \ hkv{X-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- Xmbpw ]cn-jI v r-X-am-bn-cn-p-tm ]cn- jI
v r-
X-ambpw `hn-ptm AXp-t]mse Cu Nmbm-mhv Cu
icocw A- am-bn- cn- p- tm A- am- bpw, Itm aqtm
Hen- p-- Xm- bn- cn- p-tm Itm aqtm Hen-p--Xmbpw
ssItbm Imtem apdn- - Xm- bn- cn- p-tm ssItbm Imtem
apdn-- Xmbpw `hn- pw. Cu ico-c-ns Xs \mis
A\p-k-cnv Cu Ombm-mhpw \in-pw. Cu Ombm
Zi-\-n KpjvT- ^ew Rm ImWp-n-.
Gh ta sshj aL-h-nXn tlmhm
ssNXw tXzh tX `qtbm f \phymJym
kyman; hkm-]-cmWn Zzm{Xnw iXw
 273

I hjm-Wo-Xn. klm-]-cmWn Zzm{Xnw Xy\x k `h-Xn, bZn-{kma a{km K

iXw hjm-Wyp-hmk Xkvssa tlmhmN.
aL- hmt\ Cu Ombm-mhv Cs\ Xs Fp {]Pm-
]Xn ]dp. {]Ir-X-amb Cu Bm-hn- s\-s \n\- p-
hopw hymJym-\n-p-X- cmw. thsd Hcp ap-n- cp hj-
mew IqSn {_-N-cy-n-en-q. C{ thsd Hcp ap-
n-cp hj-mew IqSn {_-N -cy-n hkn-p.
Ah\v {]Pm-]Xn ]dp sImSp-p.
]mw Jw
b Gj kz]vt\ alob am\--c-tXyj
BtXn tlmhm-ssN-XZ arX-a-`b
taXZv {_tXn kl-im lrZbx
{]h-{hmP. k lm {]mss]y h tZhm
t\XZv `bw ZZi XZv bZy ]nZ
ico-c-aw `h-Xyx k `h-Xn,
bZn {kmaa {kmtam, ss\ ssh tjm f
kytZm-tjW ZpjyXn
GXm-m- tWm, kz]v\-n ]qPn- - s-Sp- - Xmbn k-
cn- p-Xv AXv Bm-hm-Ip- p. AXv Aar-Xhpw A`-bhpw
BIp- p. AXp {_-am-Ip-p. Cs\ {]Pm-]Xn ]d- p.
Ah km-lr-Z-b\ - m-bnv kzKr-l-n-tep t]mbn.
Ah tZh-msc {]m]n-p--Xn\p ap]p-Xs Xmsg--d-
bp tZmjw Ip. Cu icocw A-am-bn-cp-m-epw, B
kz]v\m-mhv A-a-m-Xv Bbn-cn-p-p. icocw {kma-
am-bn- cp- mepw kz]v\m- mhv {kma- a- m-- Xm- bn- cn- p- p. Cu
kz]v\m-mhv Cu ico-c- ns tZmj-m Zpjn- p- n- .
\ ht[ \mky-l-\ytX; \mky-{kmtay
W {kmax; Lv\ntXz ssh\w hnm
Zbo hm{]nb thth `hXn; A
tam ss\sshtjm f ky tZmtjW ZpjyXn
C{ ]mWn-bn kan-p-It- fm-Sp-IqSn hopw hp.
Ah-t\mSv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZn-p. aL-hm, \o km-lr-Z-b-
\mbn {]{h-Pn-nv Fns\ Cnp-hopw hn-cn-pp?
Ah ]d- p. `K-hms\ Cu icocw A-am-bn-cp- m-epw,
B kz]v\m-mhv A-a-m--Xm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu icocw
{ka-am-bn-cp-mepw kz]v\m-m-hv A{km-a-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Cu kz]v\m-m-hv, Cu ico-c - ns tZmj-m Xo-
bmbpw Zpjn-p-n-.
\ ht[ \mky l\ytX; \mky {kmtay
W {kmax, Lv\ntXz ssh\w hn
mZ-b-o-hm, {]nbth th `hXy
]ntcm-Zn-Xoh; \ml a{X-t`mKyw ]iym
aoXn. Ghta sshj al-h-nXn
tlmhm ssNXw tXzhtX `qtbm f
\p hymJym-kyman; hkm ]cm-WnZzm
{XnwiXw hj-Wo-Xn. klm-]cm
Wn-Zzm{Xnw iXw hjm-Wyp-hmk
Xkvssa tlmhm-N.
Cu ico-cns {kmam-h - -bm {kma-am-bn-cn-p-
n-. Fm Cu kz]v\m-mhns\ l\n-p--Xp-t]m-se-
bn-cn-pp; HmSn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bn-cnp-p, Cu kz]v\m-
mhv A{]nbw Adn-bp--Xp-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. Ic-bp--Xp-
t]mse Ccn- p-p, Rm Cu kz]v\m Zi\n C-
^ew ImWp-n-. aL-hm, Cn-s\- X-s- bmWv Fv {]Pm-
]Xn ]d-p. Fm CXn-s\--s, \n\v hopw
hymJym-\n-p-X-cmw. thsd Hcp ap-n-cp hjw-IqSn
{_-Ncyw A\p-jT v n-q Fp ]dp. Ah thsd Hcp
ap-n-c-p-hjw IqSn {_-Ncyw A\p-jT v np. Ah\v
{]Pm- ] Xn ]dp sImSp- p.

]n tcmZn-Xoh; \m{X t`mKy ]iymaoXn.

Cu ico-c- ns h[-m, kz]v\m-mhp l\n- -s- ]Xn- s \mmw Jw
Sp-n-. Cu ico-c-ns {kmam-h- -bm kz]v\m-mhv XZy ss{XXXv kp]vXx ka]vXx kw{]
{kma-am-bn-o-cp-n-. Fm Cu kz]v\m-zns\ l\n-
kx kz]v\w \ hnPm-\m-tXyj B
p--Xp-t]msebncn-p-p. HmSn-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-
p. A{]n-bs A\p-`-hn-p--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. Ic- tXn tlmhm-ssNX Zar-X-a-`b- -taX
bp--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-p. Rm Cu kz]v\m Zi-\- Zv {_t-Xn, k l im lrZbx
n C-amb ^ew ImWp-n- . {]h-{hmP; k lm {]mss]yh tZhm
k kan ]mWnx ]p\-tc-bmbv; t\XZv `bw ZZi:- \ml Jezb
Xw l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN:- aL-h tahw kw{]-Xym-m\w P\m-Xyb
b m-lr-Zbx {]m{hmPox Inan al-a-kvaoXn; t\m Gth-am\n `qXm
]p\-cm-Ka CXn. ktlm-hm-N \n; hn\m-i-tahm ]otXm `h-Xn, \m
XZyZy ]oZw `Khx ico-c-aw `h la{X t`mKyw ]iym-anXn
N P

I B hnj-b-n Bcm-tWm, kI-eI - c
- -W-hym-]m-c--
tfbpw D]-kw-l- cn-,v Cu kv]\
v w kzhn-p--h-\m-bpw, \-
hw {]k- -\mbpw kz]v\s Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xv, AXv
Bm-hm-Ip-p. CXn Aar-Xhpw A`-b-hp-am-Ip-p. CXv
{_-am-Ip-p. Cs\ ]d-p. C{ im lrZ-b\ - m-
bnv t]mbn. B C{ tZh-m-cpsS ASp- Fp--
Xn\p apm-bn-s Cu `bw Ip. Cu kpjp-]vXm-h-
-bn D Bmhv CXv Rm BIpp Fn-s\
Ah-\-hs\ thpw hw Xo-bmbpw Adn-bp-n-, Cu
`qX-tf Adn-bp-n-, hn\m-is {]m]n--Xp-t]mse
Bbn- o-cp- p. Rm Cu kpjp-]vXm Zi-\-n C-
amb ^ew ImWp-n- . B C{ In kan-p-I-tfm-
Sp-IqSn hopw {]Pm]Xn- bpsS ASp- sNp. Ah-t\mSp
{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p, amL-hm, \o im- lr-Z-b-\m-bnp t]mb-
Xns tijw Fv Cn-mWv hopw hn-cn-pXv?
C{ ]d- p. `K- hmt\ Cu kpjp-]vXm-mhv CXp Rm\m-
ImWpp Fn-s\ Ah-\-hs\ Adn-bp- nt? Cu `qX-
-tfbpw Adn-bp-nt? hn\m-is {]m]n--h-s\-tmse
Bbn-o-cptm? Rm Cu kpjp-]vXm Zk-\-n
C-amb ^ew ImWp-n-. Bm-hn-\p-hn-\miw hcpp
Fv tXmp-n-.
Gh ta sshj aL-h-nXn tlmhm
ssNXw tXz htX `qtbm f \phymJym
kyw an t\m sFhm-\yss{X Xkvam-Xv,
hkm-]-cman ] hjm-WoXn
klm-]-cmWn ] hjmWyp-hmk
Xmt\y-I-iXw kwt]Zpx GXXv
XXv bZm-lptc iXw l ssh hjm
Wn aL-hm {]Pm-]Xu {_-Ncy
aphmk Xkvssa tlmhmN
amLhm, Cu kpjvT- ]Xv m-mhv As\ Xs Fv
{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. Fm AXp \n\v hymJym-\n-p-X-
cmw. CX-msX thsd Hpw AX- . Hcp Ap hjw IqSn
{_-Ncyw A\p-jvTnq Fpw ]d-p. C{ thsd
Ap-hjw-IqSn {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-p. C{ {_-
Ncyw A\p- jvTnp \qsmp XnIp. amL- hm \qsmp
hjw {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp- {_-N-cy-tmsS hkn-
p. Fp ]d-bm-dp-Xv CXp-sIm-m-W.v C{-t\mSv {]Pm-
]Xn ]d-p.
]{mw Jw
aL-h, ayw hm CZw ico-c-amw
arXyp\m XZ-kym-ar-Xky ico-c -kym-t\m f
[njvTm\w; Btm ssh k icocx
{]nbm-{]nbm `ymw \ ssh k ico-cky
N P
274
kXx{]nbm {]nb-tbm-c-] -l-Xn-ckvXn; K
A icocw hmh-kw \ {]nbm-{]ntb
kv]riXx
amL-hm, Cu icocw \in-p kz`m-h-ap--Xpw, arXyp-
hn-\m {KkvXhpw BIp-p. B idocw Aar-Xhpw ico-c-
an-m-Xpw Bb Cu Bm-hns A[n-jT v m-\-am-W.v ki-
co- c-\m- bn-cn-p- tm, {]nbm-{]n-b-- fm {KkvX-\m-bn-cn- p-
p. FXv {]kn- -am-Wv. k ico- c-\m-bn-cn- p-tm {]nbm-
{]n- b- v apSw C. Ai-co-c-\m- bn- cn-p--hs\ {]nbm-
{]n-b- kv]in-p-n-.
A icotcm hmbq-c{`w hnZyqXv kvX\
bnXv\pc ico-cm-tWyXm \n; XZyssY
Xm\y apjvam-Zm-Im-imXv kap-mb
]cw tPymXn-cp-]-kw-]Zy tkz\ cp
t]Wm`n \njv]-Zyt Gh ta ssh
jkw- {]-kmtZm f kvam-c o-cmXv kap
mb ]cw tPymXn-cp-]-kw-]Zy tkz
\ cpt]-Wm-`n-\n-jv]-ZytX; k Da
]pcpjx; k X{X ]tXn P
ca-am\x kv{Xo`nhm bm ss\ hm
mXn `nhw t\m] P\w kvacnZw icocw
hmbp ico-ca - n-m--Xm-Ip-p. hjn-p-Xv hnZypXv
BWv . apg- p taLw Ch Ai- c ocfm- I p- p.
Ans\ Ccns GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm Ch B BIm-
i-n \nv kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, kqcy-kw-_nbmb
{]IrjvT-amb tPymXnv Gn-v, kz- cq-]-n A`n-\n-j] v -
-- fm-Ip-pthm C{]-Imcw Cu kw{]km-Z Cu ico-c-
n \nv kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, ]c-a-amb tPymXnp
{]m]n-n-v, kzcq-]-n A`n-\n-j] v --\m-Ip-p. Ans\
Bbn-o-h Da ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Ah B
kzmm-hn lkn-p-sIm-pw, `n-p-sImpw kv{XoI-
sf- s mtm hml- \ - -s f-s m-t m, mXn-I - s f-
smtm {IoUn-p-sIm- pw, kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS At\ym-
t\ym-]-Kaw sImp-m-Ip Bm-sh-p \ne-bn,
Bm-hns kmao-]y-tmSp IqSn P\n-p Cu ico-
cs kvacn-msX Npn k-cn-p-p.
C\n Ai-co-c-kz-cq-]\pw A]-l-X-]m-]va-Xzm`n e-W-
-tfm-Sp IqSn-b-h-\p-amb B ]pcp-js\ An-bn Cu
ImW-s-Spp Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]d--sX-n-s\-bmWv?
Fp Nnn- p-p. B ]pcp-j An-bn {]Xy-- ambn
ImW-s-Sp--sX-n-s\-sbv ]d-bp-p. Np-n Zi-
\-n\v tlXp Fm-sWv ]d-bp-p.
k bYm {]tbmKy BN-c-tW-bp-,
Gh ta hmb akvanRvOcotc {]mtWm bpx
 275

I B Zrm- - sa-ns\ FmGXp {]Im- c- n- em-tWm, AXp-hgn tZh-mpw B- m\w e`y-am-bn. a\p-jy K
IpXnc, Imf apX-em-bXv k-cW km[-\-amb cY-i-I-Sm-Zn- Aev]m-bp-m-W-n- epw, C{m-Zn-I-sf-tmse Bm-hns\
bn tN-s-Sp--Xv, A{]-Imcw Xs Cu ico-c-n Adn-bm {ian-p-I-bm-sW-n, Fm Ima--tf-bpw,
Cu {]mW tN-s-n-cn-p-p. Fm temI- - tfbpw {]m]n- m km[npXm- Wv. bkvX-
am- m- \- a- \p- hn- Zy-hn-Pm- \mXn Fv s]mXp-hm- bn- m- Wtm {]Pm-
AY bss{X-X-Imi a\p-\n-jw
]Xn ]dncnp--X v. AXn-\ m B- m-\ hpw
Npx kN-pjx ]pcpjx Zi AXns ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw Ghpw Xpey-am-Wv.
\mb Npx AYtbm thZ Zw
]Xn-aqmw Jw
Pn{Lm-WoXn k Bm; Kmb
{LmWw AYtbm thtZ-a`n hymlcm iymam--_ew {]]tZy; i_-emym
Wo Xn k Bm; A`n hymlm-cmbhm aw {]]tZy; Aiz C h tcmamWn
v; AYtbm thZZw irW-hm-\oXn hn[qb ]m]w, N{ Ch cmtlm
k Bm; {ih-Wm-b-t{im{Xw; AY pJmXv {]apNy [qXzm ico-c, aIrXw
tbm thZZw t\z\oXn k Bm; IrXmm {_-tem-I-a-Zn-kw-`-hm-ao-Xn.
at\m f kyssZhw Npx k hm G Rm iyma-sap ]d-bp lm-amb {_-n
\nv, i_-e-sap ]d-bp {_-tem-Is {]m]n-p-am-
j GtX\ tZssh\ Npjm a\
dm-I-s. Rm {_--tem-I-n \nv iymas {]m]n-n-
sskXm Imam- ]iy catX cn- p-I -b m-W v. Rm Aizw-tcm-a - sf F-t]m-se,
b GtX {_-temtI ]m]s IpS-p-I-f-nv cmlp-hns apJ-n \nv
tZl-O n-{Z- n A\p-j- -amb Np Fhn-s S- ap- \m- bn- X- Xon-v, N{ F- t]mse icocw shSn-,v
bmtWm AhnsS {]Ir-\mb Aico-c-\mb Bmhv Np- IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-bnv \nXy-amb {_-temIw {]m]n-p-am-dm-I-
n-ep ]pcp-j BIp-p. Npv Zi- \-n-\p Ic- s. A`n-kw-`-hman Fv cp {]mhiyw ]d-n-cn-p-Xv
W-am-Ip-p. CXns\ Rm {LmWn-s Fv BcmtWm a{w Ah-km-\np Fp ImWn-m-\m-Wv.
Adn-bp--Xv, AXv Bm-hm-Ip-p. {LmtW-{nbw K-{K- ]Xn-\ memw Jw
l-W-n-\p Ic-W-am-Ip-p. ]ns CXns\ Rm A`n-
hym-lc- n-s Fv Adn-bp-Xv Bm-hm-Ip-p. hmKn- BImtim ssh \ma \ma-cq-]tbm
{nbw A`n-hym-lm-c-n-\ p Ic-W-am-Ip-p. CXns\ nh-lnXm; tX bZ--cm-c-{_-,
Rm tIs Fv Adn-bp--Xm-tcm, AXv Bm-hm- XZ-arXw k Bm {]Pm-]tXx
Ip-p. a\v Cu Bm-hns ssZh-amb Np-m-Ip-p.
k`mw thiva {]]tZy; btim f lw
A-s\-bp ap Cu ssZh-am-b, Np-mb a\-
p-sImv {_-tem-I-n-ep-h Ghtbm B Ima-sf `hman {_m-Wm-\mw. btim, cm
Ip-sImv can-p-p. mw, btim-hn-imw, btim f la
Xw hm GXw tZhm Bm\ {]m]n; klmlw bikmw bix,
ap]m-ktX; Xkva mtX; Xkvam-XtX tiyX aZXv IaZ XvIw tiyXw
jmw kth N temIw Bmx enp am f `nKmw enp am f `nKmw
kth N Imamx, k khmw BImi-sap {ipXn-I-fn {]kn-a-am-bn-p Bm-
hv, \ma-n-sbpw cq]-n-sbpw hymIm-hm-Ip-p.
temIm-\m-]vt\m-Xn, khmw Imam,
B \ma- cq- ]- GXns a[y- n- em- Ip- p- thm, AXp {_-
bkvX-am-m\ a\p-hnZy hnPm-\m-XoXn am-Ip- p. As-n B \ma-cq-] - -fpsS a[y-n
l {]Pm-]-Xn-cp-hmN {]Pm-]-Xncp hmN GXmtWm D-Xv, AXp {_-am-Ip-p. AXv Aar-X-am-Ip-
An-s\-bp Cu Bm-hns\ tZh-m D]m-kn-p- p, AXv Bm-hm-Ip-p. Rm {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`-bmb
p. AXn-\m Ahv Fm temI-fpw Fm Ima- Krls {]m]n-p-am-dm-I-s, Rm {_m-W-cpsS bi-
fpw {]m]vX- fm- bn-cn- p-p. BcmtWm B Bm- hns\ mbn `hn-p- am-dm-I- s, cmPm- -m- cpsS bi- mbn `hn- p-
imkv{Xm-Nmtm-]-tZ-i- sImv Adn-nv A\p-`h - - am-dm-I-s, sshiy-cpsS bi-mbn `hn-p-am-dm-I-s, Rm
s-Sp--Xv, Ah Fm temI--tfbpw Fm Ima-- ta ]d--h-cpsS bi-ns\ A\p-{]m-]n-p-\-\-Xn\v Cn-
tfbpw {]m]n-pp Fp {]Pm-]Xn ]d-bp-p. p-p. A-s\-bp Rm, tZtl-{n-b-at\m _pn-cq-]-
-fmb bi-p-I-fpsS Bm-hm-Ip-p. Rm tcmln-X-
C{ A\p-jvTn {_-N- cy-ns ^e-ambn C{\pw h-hpw, Z-lo-\-hpw, `n-p-Xpw Bb tcmln-X-

N P

I h-amb ]nne hkvXp-hn-s\, A`n-K-an--cp-Xv.
Bm-s hp ]d- b p- Xv Fm Pp- pw,
Am-anbpw ssNX-\y-kz-cq-] hpw Ah-\- h\ - p-X s
A\p-`-h-ap--Xp-am-W.v Aico-c\pw BIm-iw-t]mse kh-
K-X\pw Bb Bmhv {_-am-W.v B Bm-hmb {_w
AXm-b-Xv, ac-W-an- m kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Ip-p.
NXpp-J-\mb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`-bn {]m]n-p-am-dm-
Is FXpsImp- t- in- p- Xv A\- - amb Bm- hns
eb-am-Wv. {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS k`bw {]m]n-p--sX-n-\m-Wv
hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p- v. e-m-t]mse tcmln-X-h-hpw,
Z- c-ln-X-hpw, Fm `n-p- -Xp-amb (A- Xns\ tkhn-
p--h-cpsS hohpw _ehpw tXPpw \in-n-p--
Xn-\m `n-p Fp ]d- n-cn-p-- Xv) tbm\n Fp
]d-bp kv{XoI-fpsS {]P- t\- {-am- Ip hkvXphns\ Rm
{]m]n-p-hm CS-hc - -cpXv F-X p-sIm-p-t-in-pXv
]p\P--ap-m-I-cp-sX--Xm-Wv. enpamf `nKmw Fp cp
XhW ]d-n-cn-p--Xv, AXyw A\-am-sWv
ImWn-m-\m-Wv.
]Xn-\ mw Jw
Xss-XZv {_m {]Pm-]-Xb Dhm
N, {]Pm-]-Xn-\t- h, a\px {]mPm
`yx BNmcy Ipem-tZz-Z-a-[oXy
bYm-hn-[m\w Kptcmx ImXn titj
WmZn kam-hr-Xn, IpSpwt_ ipsNu
tZti kzm[ymb a[n-bmt\m [n-Im
hnZ-[-Zm-\n kth-{n-bmWn kw{]
XnjvTm]ym lnwk kh-`q-Xm-\y-\y{X
Xot`yx kJ-tezhw h-b
bmh-Zm-bpjw {_-tem-I-aZn kw
]Zy-tX, \ N ]p\-cm-h-tX, \N
]p\-c m-h -tX.
Cu B- m- \ s lncWy K` AYhm
lncWyK` hgn ]c- ta- iz-c {]Pm-]-Xnv ]dp sImSp-
p. BNm-cy-Ip-e - n \nv hn[n A\p-k-cnv Kpcp-hn-
\p-thn Iw sNbvXnv _mn-bp kabw sImv
thZm-y-b\w sNbvXn-v, A`n-k-am-h\w sNbvXv, IpSpw-
_-n nXn-sN-bvXv, ipNn-bmb tZi-n Ccp-v,
kzm[ym-bw, A[y-b\w Ch sNbvXp-sImpw [mn-I - m-
cmb ]p{X-msc P\n-n--bpw, injysc km-Zn--bpw,
sNbvXp-sImpw Fmw C{n-b--tfbpw Bm-hn D]-
kw- l-c n-pw, imkv{X- n hn[n- n-p-nS-sm-g nsI
bmsXmcp `qX--tfbpw lnwkn-m-sX-bpw, Bbp-p-n-S-
tmfw Imew Cs\ hn-p A[n-Im-cn, {_-
temIw {]m]n-p-p. hopw Bhn--bn-.
{_mhv AXm-bXp lnc-Wy-K` hgn-bmbn ]c-ta-iz-
N P
276
c, Imiy-h F {]Pm-]-Xnv CXv D]-tZ-inp sImSp- K
p. Iiy-] Xs ]p{X-\mb a\p-hn-\pw, a\p Xs {]P-
Ipw D]-tZ-in-p. Kpcp injy-]-c--c-bmbn D]-\n-j-
m\w hnZzm-m-cn-tev ]I-cp-p.
CXn Bdp apX-ep aqv Aym-b--fn D
B hnZy k^-ea - m-Wv Adn-bp-n-S-tm-fw, I- -
se-sImv bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an--p-hp IqSp-p.
Ans\ I-n\v A\Iyw hcp--Xns\ ]cn-l-cn-
p--Xn-\,v A\p- j-vTn--s-Sp I-n\v ^e-ap- -Xmbn
]d-bp-p-v. Kpcp-hn-\p-thn sNt tPmen-I sNbvXp
Xo-\n-\p- ti-j-ap kabw sImv thZm- y-b\w sN-
W-sap ]d-n-cn-p- p. \nb-a--tfm-Sp-IqSn Aym-b\w
sNp thZw am{Xsa I-m-\m--I-^-e- knn-
p--Xm-Iq. BNm-cy-Ip-e - n \np Xncnp h-Xn-\p-
tijw Krl-m- {i-anp hn[n-n- p I- A\p-jvTn-
m ]d-n-cn-p-p. Kmly-hn-[n-{]-Im-c-ap I-
-fn kzm[ym-b-n\v IqSp-X {]m[m\yw Dv. Ah-km-
\-n bYm-Im-ew, ]p{X- msc P\n-n-v, injysc km-
Zn-v, Fm C{n-b - -tfbpw Bm-hn D]-kw-l-cn-v,
imkv{X-n hn[n-n-psXmgnsI ap bmsXmcp `qX--
tfbpw lnwkn-msX Bbp-p-n-S-tmfw Imew Pohn-
m D]-tZ-in-n-cn-p-p. An-s\-bp--hv tam-
{]m]vXn Dm-Ipw.
imn- ] mTw
Hmw Bhym-bp aam-vKm-\n, hmIv, {]m
W, px t{im{X atYm _e, an{n
bmWn N khmWn khw {_u-]\n
jZw am f lw {_-\n-cm-Ipcymw amam
{_\n-cm-I-tcmXv; A\n- cm-I-cW
akvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw ta f kvXp; XZm-\n
\nctb b D]-\n-jkp, [mkvtX
abn kp tX abn kp.
Fs AwK--fpw, hmpw, {]mW\pw Np-pw,
t{im{X-hpw, _ehpw Fm C{n-b - epw Cu D]-\n-j-
ns A[y-b-n- \pw, AXn hn[n-n-p D]-k-\m-Zn-I-
fpsS A\p-jvTm-\-n-\pw, a\-\m-Zn-Ipw D]-bp--amb
hn[-n ]q--fm-I-tW. khhpw D]-\n-j-n
{]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p {_-am-Ip-p. Rm {_s \ncm-I-
cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. Fs {_w \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW.
B D]-\n-j-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p {_w Xs Bbn-p-
-h-\pw, AXns\ Adn-bp--Xnepw A\p-`h - -s-Sp--Xn-epw,
XmXv]-cy-ap--h-\p-amb Fn, D]-\n-j-p--fn {_-
n- \p-- Xm-bn--d-bp [- Dm-bn-cn--s.
Hmw imnx, Hmw imnx, Hmw imnx
 277

I K

1 _rl-Zm-cWytIm]\n-jv 3

imn-] mTw amb Aiz-ns Bmhv icocw kwh--c-am-Ip-p.

]rjvTw tZymhm-Ip-p. DZcw A- co--am-Ip-p. ]mZ-k-\-
Hmw ]qW-aZx ]qW-anZw ]qWmXv m\w ]rYn-hn-bm-Ip-p. ]miz- hi- Znp-
]qW-aq-Z -Ny-tX, I-fm-Ip-p. ]ip- hmcn-sb-p-I Ahm-- c-Zn-p-I-
]qWky ]qW-am-Zky fm- Ip-p. AwK- Ah-b-h- EXp--fm-Ip- p. ]-
]qW-ta-hm-h m-i n-j ytX kn-I amk- fpw A- am- k- fpw BIp-p.
{]Xn-jT v -I ]mZ- Atlm-cm-{X--fm-Ip-p. An-
Hmw Ah (]-c-am-m-hv) ]q-\m-Ip-p. Ch (Im- I \-{X--fm- Ip-p. amwk- \`-m- Ipp \`- n-
cy-{_-w) ]q-\m-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m ]qX- ep taL-- fm-Ip-p. Duh[yw hb- n-ep Zln- m
bn \np am{Xta ]qX Dm-Ip-Ib - p-p. {]f-b-Im-e- Blm-c- km-[\w knI-X-I-fm-Ipp aW-ep-I BIp-p.
n Imcy-{_-- ns ]q-Xz-ap- mbn (X- n Xs KpZ- \mUn-I knp- - fm- Ipp \Zn- I-fm-Ip-p.
eo\-\m-bn) ]q-\mbn ]c-{_--ambn Ah-ti-jn-p-p. bIrpw tmahpw ]-X--fm-Ip-p. tcma- Hmj-
{Xnhn[ ]m]--fn \npw imn-bp-m-I-tW. [n-Ifpw hr--fp-am-Ip-p. ]qmw DZn-p BZn-
Xy-\m-Ip-p. ]n]-IpXn AkvX- an-p BZn-Xy-\m-Ipp
hn{Prw-`n-p-Xv tImp-hm-bn-Sp-Xv an anp--Xm-
Hmw Aymbw Ip-p. icocw IpS-bp-Xv CSn-ap-g-p-- Xm-Ip-p. taml\w
Hmw {_mWw sNp-Xp hjn-p--Xm- Ip-p. Cu Aiz-ns hmp
1. D]- Hmw. Djm hm Aizky tat[y-ky-in-c, i_vZw hmp- X-s-bm-Ip-p.
kqcy- - phmX; {]mtWm, hym-a-nssh- 2. D] Alm, Aizw ]pc-k vX m- -l nam -f
izm- \ c; kwh- c Bm - f iz- k y-ta-[ y- k y. \zPm-bX;Xky ]qt kap-t{Zm-tbm\o; cm{Xn-
Zyu: ]rjvT, a-co--ap-Z-cw, ]rYn-ho-]m-P-kyw. tc\w ]m- -l nam -f \zPm-b X; Xky. ]tc
Zni: ]mtiz-A-hm--c-Zni: ]mizh EX-thm - kap-t{Z-tbm\n:, GXu hm Aizw aln-am\m h\z-
f MvKm\n, amkm-m-am-km ]hm-Wy-tlm- ZnX: kw_`qhXp:; ltbm-` qXzm tZhm-\ -h -l -
cm-{XmWn {]Xn-jvTm, \-{Xm-Wy-n\-n, \t`m ZzmPo Km\m -f kpcm-\-tizm-a-\p-jym,
amwkm\n, Duh[yw knIXm: kn thm KpZm, kap{Z Ghmky _; kap-{Z-tbm\n:
bIr tmam-\--]-Xm, Hmj-[-b--h-\-kv]-
Al-mb aln-amhv Aiz-ns apn Aizs
X-b tem am\yp-Zy ]qm-tm, \ntmN
eo-Ic- nv P\n-p. B Al-mb aln-am-hns m\w
PL-\mtm bZzn-Prw-`tX XZv hntZym-Xt- X, bZzn-
Ing-t-k-ap-{Z-am-Ip-p. Cu Aiz-ns ]nn cm{Xn-
[q-\ptX XXv kvX\-bXn bt-lXn XZznjXn
bmb aln-amhv A\p-P-\n-p. B cm{Xn-bmb aln-am-hns\
hmtK-h mky hmIv.
m]n-p m\w A]-c-k- ap- {Z- am- Ip- p. Cu aln-am-
ta[y-amb ]cn-ip--amb b-n-\p Aiz- Aiz-ns Ccp-h-ipw Bbn kw`-hn-p. lb-am-bn-
ns incv Dj-m-Ipp {_m-ap-lq-am-Ip-p. ov tZh-msc hln-p. hmPn-bm-bn-op K-
Npv kqcy-\m-Ip-p. {]mW hmX-am-Ip-p. Xpd msc hlnp. Am-hm-bn-onv Akp-c-msc hln-
hmbv sshizm-\-c Fp ]d-bp An-bm-Ip-p. ta[y- p. Aiz-am-bn-onv a\p-jy-sc hln-p. Cu Aiz-
N P
 278

I ns _-\-m\w kap{Zw Xs-bm-Ip-p. D-n- Ah- -A-s\ P\n {]Pm-]Xn aqmbn Xs-Xs K
Im-cWw kap-{Z-am-Ip-p. hn`-Pn-p. aqm-a-Xmbn BZn-Xy-s\bpw aqm-a-Xmbn hmbp-
hn-t\bpw sNbvXp. k-`q-Xm-m-hmb Cu {]mW
cmw {_mWw Cs\ aqmbn hn`-Pn--s-n-cn-p-p. A-s\-bp
3. D ] - - s s \ - t hhml Inw N - \ m{K B k oX v; Aiz-ta-t[m-]-tbm-Kn-I-amb An-v, Ing-p-Znv inc-m-
arXypss\thZ-am-h r-X-am-ko, Zi-\m-bbm; Ai- Ip-p. AXp AXpw--A-n-tImWpw im\-tImWpw Cu-
\mbm ln arXyp: Xt\m -f IcpXm f- \zo -fm-Ip-p--_-mlp--fm-Ip-p. ]ns Cu An-v, ]Sn-
kymanXn; tkm NcXv; XkymX At]m mtd Znv ]p-a m-IppD-S-ens ]n`m-K-am-Ip-p.
-f Pmb; AtXsshta Ia-` q-Z nXn; XtZ- AXpw AXpw--hm-bp-tImWpw \ncy-Xn-tImWpw kIvYn-I
hm-kymXzw; Iwlhm Akvs sa `h-Xn, BIp- p. sXt-Znpw hS-t- Znpw cp-h-i--fm- Ip-p.
b Gh-ta-X-Z-kymXzw thZ. tZymhv ]rjvT- am-Ip-p--ap-Xp-Im-Ip-p. BImiw DZ-c-am-Ip-
p. CXv-Cu ]rYnhn Dc-m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Cu
Cu kwkm- c-a--e-n apv a\v apX- embXpm- An Ap-I-fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw Adn-
Ip--Xn-\p-apv bmsXmpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. Cu Imcy-`q-X- bp--h FhnsS t]mbmepw Ahn-sS-s {]Xn-jvTsb
amb PKv Ai-\mb (hn-i-v) BIp arXyp- hn- \m Xs {]m]n-p-XmWv.
Bhr-X-am-bn-cp-p. hniv arXyp-hm-sWp {]kn--am-W-
tm. Ah-B arXyp, F\nv Bm-hp--h-\m-bn-o-c- 6. D]- tkm - f Ima- b X ZznXotbm a B m
W-sap hnNm- cnv B a\- ns\ Dm-n. Ah- B {]Pm- PmtbtX Xn k a\km hmNw, anYp\w ka-`h - -
]-Xn, An-p-sImv Ah-\-hs - \-s ]qPn-p-sImv Z- i \mbmarXypx; Xt{ZX Bk- o Xv ; k kwh-
k-cn-p. Atlw An-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Ap- tcm -f `hXv ; \ l -] p- c m- X Xx kwh- c
I Dm-bn. ""An-p-sIm-n-cn-p F\n-p-thn
Bk; Xta Xmhw Ime- a- _ nt`m bmhm
Pew Dmbn'' Fv arXyp hnNm-cn-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv
kwh- cx, XtaXm hXx Imeky ]c-k vXm-Z-
kr-P-X, XwPm-X-a-`nhymZZm-Xv, k `mW-I-tcmXv;
A-\v--A-iz-ta-[-{I-Xp-hn\v D]-tbm-Kn-p Anv
sskh hmK-`-h-Xv.
A-Xz-n\p tlXp. C{]-Imcw Cu An-bpsS A-
Xzs B Adn- bp- pthm Chv kpJw, As- n Pew Ah-B arXyp ""F\nv cm-a-sXmcp icocw Dm-
Xo-bmbpw Dm-Ipw. I-Ww'' Fv Iman-p. B Ai-\m-b-bm-Ip arXyp a\-n-
t\mSv hmns\ anYp-\-am-n--C-W-tNp. AXn--A-
4. D]--Bt]m hm A, kvXZy-Z-]mw-ic BkoXv
s\ CW tN-Xn GXp tcX-mtWm Dm- bXv AXv
X X v k a- l - \ yX ; k m ] r Y n- h y- ` - h X v;
kwh--c-am-bn-op-- kw-h--c-\nm-Xm-hmb {]Pm-]-
Xkyma{imayXv ; Xky- { im- ky X]v X ky
Xn-bm-bn-op. B {]Pm-]-Xnbvp apv kwh-cw
tXtPm-c tkm\nc-h -Xmnx
Fp ]d-bp Imew Dm-bn-cp-n-. Ahs\B kwh-
A Fp ]d-bp-Xv Ap-I BWv. AXn -c-Im-e-\nm-Xm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-sb, kwh-cw Fp
Ap- Iv GXp icw Dm-tbm GXp Z[n-aw t]mse- ]d-bp Imew F{X-tm-f-amtWm A{X-tmfw Imew,
bp hkvXp Dmtbm AXp kwl-X-am-bn-ocpp. Hcp- `cn- p- - K `- n- \ p- n arXyp `cn- p. A{Xbpw
anp tNv In-bm-bn-ocpp. AXp ]rYnhn Bbn- Imenstijw Ah-s\-B {]Pm-]-Xnsb krn-p.
ocpp. B ]rYn- hn- bn-B ]rYnhnsb Dev]m-Zn--tm P\n Ahs t\sc hm ]nf-v `n-m-\mbn arXyp hm
{]Pm-]Xn {im-\m-bn-ocpp. {im\pw X]vX-\pw- -Jn- ]nfp. Ah "`m' F i_vZs Dmn AXp-
\pw Bb Ahs {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS tXP-m-Ip ckw Xs hmm-bn-op.
An-bm-bn--hn-cm-mbn \nhn-p--{]-Pm-]Xn ico-c-n 7. D ] - k s F - X . b- Z nhm C a- a - ` n- a w tk y
\nv \njv{I-an-ncnpp. I\otbm -f w Icn-jy-C -X n. k Xbm hmNm
5. D]k-t{X[m f- f m\w hymIp-cpX; BZnXyw tX\m -f t\Zw kh-a-k r-P -X , bZnZw Inw
XrXobw, hmbpw XrXobw; k Gj- { ]m- W - N tm, bPqw j n, k mam- \ n, O mw - k n,
kvt {X[m hnlnXx; Xky {]mNo ZnIv incx, bm, {]Pmx, ]iqk bZy-tZ-hm-kr-PX
Asku Nmku tNsu; AYmky {]Xo X-Z-p-a-{[n-b X; khw hm BoXn XZ-
NnZnIv ]pw; Aku Nm sku Nm kIvYyu; `ntX cZn-XX
- zw, kh sskyX-kymm `h-Xn,
ZnWm tNmZoNo N]mtiz Zyux ]rjvTw; kh-a-kym-wZ `hXn b Gh-taX Z ZntX-c-Zn-
A-cn--ap-Zcw; Cb-apcx, k Gtjm -f ]v kp XnXzw thZ.
{]Xn- j v T nXx b{XIzssN- - X n- t Zh {]Xn- X n- j p- Ah--ar-Xyp, ""Cu Ipam-cs\ lnkn--bm-sW-n,
tXyhw hnZzm Rm As A]-amn sNpw'' Fv Cunp--

N P
 279

I hn-Nm-cn-p. Ah--arXyp B hmp-sImpwapp ]d Aizs Ah-tcm-[n-m-sX-X-s--X-Sp-m-sX-Xs {]Pm- K

{Xbo-cq-]a- mb hmp-sImpw B a\-p-sImpw Cu ]Xn Nnn-p. Hcp kwh--c-n-\p-tijw B Aizs
kh-amb mh-chpw PwK-a-h p-amb Cu PK- ns\ X\n- p-thn Bew- ` \w sNbvX v-- h -[ n- v- -ap tZh-X -
Fmw, AXm-b-Xv, Ep-I-tfbpw bp-p-I-sfbpw kma- Imbn ap ]ip-sf _en-sIm-Sp-p. AXn-\m--{]-
-sfbpw Kmb{Xn apX-emb O-p-I-sfbpw b-- Pm-]Xn C{]-Imcw Nnn--Xn-\m BWv Fm tZh-X-I-
sfbpw {]P-I-sfbpw ]ip-s - fbpw krn-p. Ah-- B sfbpw kw_-n-Xpw t{]mWw sN-s-Xpw Bb
arXyp GXns\ Fmw krn-pthm AXns\ Hs `n- {]Pm-]Xn tZh-X-bm-bn-p ]ip-hns\ Bew-`\w sNp--
p- -Xn\v Hcpn Fm- n- s\bpw `n- pp Fp- Xp Xv--bm-n-I - m h[n-p--Xv. Cu X]n-p--Xmtcm AXv
GtXm CXmWp AZn- Xn- bpsS AZn-Xn-Xzw. C{]- Imcw Cu AZn- Aiz-ta-[-am-Ip-p. Ahv kwh-cw Fp ]d-bp
Xn- bpsS AZn-Xn-Xzs Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah Cu PK- Imew Bm-hm-Ip-p--i-co-c-am-Ip-p. Cu An--]mn-
ns Fmw khm-m-hm-bn-o-cpXmWv. Ahv hmn A-\m-Ip-p. Cu An-bm-Ip A\v Cu
Fmw A- am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpXmWv. aqp temI- Bm--fm-Ip-p--i-co-cm-h-b-h--fm-Ip-
p. A-s\-bp Cu Am-iz-ta-[- ]nsbpw
8. D]-tkm f- Ima-b-X, `qbkm bt-\-`qtbm
arXyp-hm-Ip B tZhX Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. C{]-Imcw
btP-tb-Xn, tkm -f {imayXv; kXt]m f- X]yX;
Bcv Adn-b p-pthm Ah hop-ap arXyp-hns\
Xky {imky X]vX -ky-b tim hocy-ap-Z-{Im-
tXmev]n-p-XmWv. Ahs\ arXyp {]m]n-p-I-bn-. arXyp
aXv; {]mWmssh btim hocyw; XXv {]mtW
Ahs Bm- hm-bn-o- cp-p. Cu tZh- X- Iv GI-\mb
jqXv {Imtjp icocw izbnXp a{[n-bX; Xky
Bm-hmbpw Ah\m-bnocp-p.
icoc Gh-a\ Bko-Xv.
Ah- B {]Pm-] -X n, ""hep-X mb bw-s Imv aqmw {_mWw
hopw F\nv bPn-Ww'' Cs\ Imanp Ah 10. D]-Z- zmbm l {]mPm-]-Xym, tZhmm kpcm;
{im- \m-bn. Ah X]-ns\ X]n-p. {im\pw X]vX-\p- XXx Im\o-bkm Gh-tZhm Pymbkm Akpcmx,
amb Ahs bipw hocyhpw DXv{I-an-p. bipw X Gjp temtIjy kv]; tX l tZh
hocyhpw {]mW--fm-bn. AXn-\m {]mW- DXv{Im-- DuNplm kpcm- \ y DZv K o- t Y- \ mXy
-fm-b-tm icocw honpSn. Fnpw Ahs bmtaXn.
a\v ico-c-nXs Ddn-cp-p.
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS A]-Xy- tZh-mcpw Akp-c-mcpw
9. D]-tkm f- Ima-b-X, ta[yw a CZw kym Zm cp Iq BIp-p. Ah-cn tZh-m Aev]-m
\zyt\\ kyman-Xn, XtXm -f izx ka-`h - -Xv, bZ- XsbmIp-p. Akp-c-m A[n-I-m BIp-p. Ah
izXv Xt-[y-a-`q-ZnXn XtZ-hm-iz-ta[ ky iz ta[- B Akp-c- mcpw tZh-mcpw Cu temI- \nan--ambn
Xzw. Gj l hm Aiz-ta[w thZ b G\ tahw- Xn Xn kv]n- p. B tZh-m ]d-p.- -""C- tm
thZ Xa-\ -h -c pss[y hma-\ y-X , Xw kwh- - b-n Akp-c- msc DZvKo-Yw-sImv \apv AXn-K-
cky ]c-kvXm-Zm-\ Be-`X ]iq tZhXm`yx anmw''.
{]Xyu-lXv; XkvamXv kh tZhXyw t{]mjnXw
{]mP-m]Xy ame-`t; Gj l hm Aiz-tat[m 11. D] tX l hmN-aq-NpkvXzw \ DZvKm-tb-Xn. X
b Gj-X -]Xn; Xky-k w-h-c Bm -f ba- tYXn tX t`ym hm KpZ-Km-bXv; tbm hm Nn
n-c-kvX-tkyta temIm Bm\x Xm thXm- t`mKkvXw tZth`y B KmbXv; bXv IeymWw
hmiz ta[u. tkm ]p\-tc-ssIh tZhXm hZXn XZm- - t \, tX hnZp- c t\ ss\h \
`hXn arXyp- t ch; A]- ] p- \ r- X ypw- P - b Xn DZvKm{Xm -f tXyjy-oXn; Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m
ss\\w arXyp-c-kymm `h-tXyXm kmw tZh- -f hn[y; k bx k]m]va m btZ-th-Za {]Xn-
Xm\m tatIm-`-h-Xn. b Ghw thZ. cq]w hZXn; k Gh k ]m]vam. h.
""Fs Cu icocw ta[y-am-bn-o-c-tW. Cu ico-cw- Ah--tZ-h-m hmn-t\m-S-v- hm-K-`n-am-\n-\n-bmb tZh-X-
sImv F\nv Bm-hp--h\ - m-bn-o-c-tW.'' Fv B tbmSv ""\o Rp-thn DZvKm\w sNpI'' Fv ]d-
{]Pm-] Xn B{Klnp. AXn-\ m Aiz- am-bn-op. p. ""A-s\-bm-Is''Fv hmKvtZ-hX Ahp-thn
GXmtWm izbn-Xv AXv ta[y-am-bn-op. Fp--Xp- DZvKm\w sNbvXp. hmp-\n-an--ambn D t`mKw GtXm
X-s- bm-Wv Aiz-ta- [-n-\p Aiz-ta-[Xzw F [w. B t`mKs tZh-mmbn BKm\w sNbvXp Ieym-W-
Ch-s\- Cu Aiz-tbpw ta]- d {]Im-c-ap An- am-bn-h-Zn- pI FXp GtXm AXns\ X\n-b vmbn
cq-]-\mb kqcyt\bpw C-s\--ta-em Npcp--n BKm\w sNbvXp.
ImWn-p-hm t]mIp hnti-j-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Bcv Adn- Ah--A-kp-c-m ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-sImv \sf
bp-pthm Ah Aiz-ta-[s Adn-bp-p. AXn-s\-B tZh-m AXn-K-anpw'' Fv Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns\
N P

I A`n-K-an-np ]m]vam-hp-sImp th[n-p--Xm-Un-p. B
]m]vamhv GtXm AXv GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A{]-Xn-cq-
]-ambn ]d-bp-Xv AXp Xs-bm-Ip-p. B ]m]vam-hp-
A-{]-Xn-cq]ambn ]d-bp--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]vamhv
{]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS hmn D-Xp-X-s- bm-Ip-p.
12. D]- -A -Y l {]mW-ap-N pkvX zw \ DZvKm-tbXn
XtYXn tX`yx {]mW DZvKm-b -Xv. bx {]mtW
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv Ieym-Ww
Pn{LXn XZm- -t \. tX hnZp- c - t \\ ssh\
DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o-Xn, Xa-`n-{Zyp-Xy-]m-]va\m
-f hn[y; k bx k ]m]v a m b tZ thZa
{]Xncq]w Pn{LXn; k Gh k ]m]vam
A\-cw {]mW-t\m-Sv, ""\o Rp-th-n, DKvZm\w
sNpI'' Fv tZh-m ]d-p. A-s\-bm-Is Fp
]d- v, {]mW Ahp-thn DZvK m\w sNbvX p.
{]mW \nan--ap t`mKw GtXm, AXns\ tZh-mp-
thn BKm\w sNbv X p. Ieym- W - a m-b n- p- -X ns\
{LmWn FXv GtXm AXns\ X\n-p- thn BKm\w
sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv \s tZh-m AXn- 15. D]- -A Y l a\-D u-N pkvX zw \ DZvK m-tb- X n.
K-an-pw'' Fv Akp-c- m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns
t\sc sNp ]m]w- sImv B {]mWs\ th[n- p. B ]m]w
GtXm AXv, GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p-
-Xns\ {LmWn-p-Xv AXp Xs. A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p--
Xns\ {LmWn- p--Xp-sImv A\p-an- -s- Sp B ]m]vam- -f hn[y. k bx k ]m]vam btZ-thZ a{]-Xn-
hv, {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS {]mW-\n-ep--Xp-X-s.
13. D]-A
- Y l Np cqNp kvXzw \ DZvKm-tbXn;
XtYXn tX`ym- - p-cp-Z-Km-b-Xv. b pjn
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv IeymWw
]iyXn XZm-t\. tX hnZp-c-t\\ ssh \ DZvKm
{XmtXy jyoXn; Xa-`n-{Zp-Xy-]m-]va\m f- hn[y.
k bx k ]m]vam b tZth-Z-a-{]-Xn-cq]w ]iyXn
k Gh k ]m]vam
A\-cw Np-n-t\m-S v, ""\o Rph-thn
DZvKm\w sNq'' Fv tZh-m ]dp. ""As\
BIs'' Fp ]d- v, Npv Ahp-thn DZvKm\w
sNbvXp. Npv \nan--am-bp t`mKw GtXm AXns\
tZh-mmbn BKm\w sNbvXp. Ieym-W-am-bn-p- -- Xns\
ImWpI Fp- Xp GtXm AXns\ X\n- bvmbn BKm\w
sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv tZh-m \s AXn-
K- anpw'' Fv B Akp- c-m Adnv B DZvKm-Xm-hns\
A`n-{Z-hn-nv ]m]vam-hn-s\-smv th[n-p. B ]m]vamhp
GtXm AXv bmsXmp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-am-
bn-p--Xns\ ImWp-Xv AXp-X- s-bm-Wv. A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-
p--Xns\ ImWp--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]vamhp {]Pm- 16. D]-A
]-Xn-bpsS Np-n Akp-c-m tN-Xp-X-sbmWv.
14. D]-A
- Y l t{im{X aq NpkvXzw \ DZvKmtbXn.
XtYXn tX`yx t{im{X apZ-Km-b-Xv. bx t{imt{X
N P
280
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-bXv; bXv IeymWw K
irtWmXn XZm- -t\, tX hn Zpct\ ssh\
DZvKm{Xm f- tXjy-o-Xn. Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m -
f hn[y kbx k ]m] v a m b tZth- Z a
{]Xncq]w irwtWmXn; k Gh k ]m]vam
A\-cw ""\o Rmbn DZvKm\w sNbvI'' Fv
t{im{X-tmSv ]d-p. ""A-s\-bm-Is'' Fp ]d-v,
t{im{Xw B tZh- mmbn DZvKm\w sNbvXp. t{im{Xw \nan-
-ap t`mKw GtXm AXns\ tZh-mmbn BKm\w
sNbvXp. Ieym-W-s--tim-`-\-am-bn-p--X ns\ tIp
FXv GtXm AXns\ X\n-mbn BKm\w sNbvXp. ""Cu
DZvKm-Xm- hn-s\-smv \t tZh-m AXn-K-anpw'' Fv
-A-kp-c-m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns t\tc sNv
]m]vamhpsImv th[n-p. B ]m]vamhv GtXm AXv, GXp
\nan- -amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X- am-bn-p--Xns\ tIp-Xv
AXp-X-sbmWv. A\p-NnX {ih-W- n\p \nan--amb B
]m]v a mhv {]Pm- ] - X n- b psS t{im{X- n D- X p- X -
sbmIpp.
XtYXn tXt`ym a\ DZvKm-b -X v . tbm a\kn
t`mKkvXw tZth`y BKm-b-Xv. bXv IeymWw
k ev]bXn XZm--s\. tX hnZp-c-t\\ ssh\
DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o-Xn. Xa-`n-{ZpXy ]m]va\m
cq]w k-e v]-b-Xn. k Gh k ]m]vam. Gh-
ta\mx ]m]va\m -f hn[y Gh a JtezXm
tZhXmx tZhXmx ]m]va-`n-cp-]m-kr-P.
]ns a\-n-t\mSv ""\o Rp-thn DZvKm\w
sNbvI'' Fv tZh- m ]dp. ""As\ BIs'' Fp
]d-v, a\v B tZh-mmbn DZvKm\w sNbvXp. a\-
p-\n-an--ap t`mKw GtXm AXns\ tZh-mmbn
BKm\w sNbvXp. Ieym-W-am-bn-p- -Xns\ k-ev]n-pp
Fp-Xv GtXm, AXns\ X\n- p-thn BKm\w
sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smp \s tZh-m AXn-
K-an-pw.'' Fv, Akp-c-m Adn-p. B DZvKm-Xm-hns\
A`n- {Z-hn- v, ]m]vam-hp- sImv th[n- . B ]m]vamhv GtXm
AXv, GXp \nan--amtWm Cu A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p--Xns\
k-ev]n-p--Xv, AXp-Xs BIp-p. A\p-Nn-X-am-bn-p-
-Xns\ k-ev]n-p--Xn\p \nan--amb B ]m]w AXp-
Xs {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS a\-n Dm-bn-cp--Xp-X-s. C{]-
Imcw Cu tZh-X-Isf ]m]vam-hp-sImv th[np; AXm-b-
Xp, hmKm-Zn-Isf ]m]vam-thmSp tbmPn-n-X - p-t]m-se-Xs
Cu XzKmZn tZh-X-Isf ]m]vam--tfmSp tbmPn-n-p.
- Y tla-am-k\yw {]mW-aq-NpkvXzw \ DZv
Kmtb-Xn; XtYXn tX`y Gj-{]m-W-D-ZvKm-bXv; tX
hnZp-c-t\\ ssh \ DZvKm{Xm f- tXyjy-o\nXa-
`n- { `yp- X y- ] m- ] va \m - f hnhy- ; k bYm - f
ivam\ arXzm temtm hn[zw-tk-ssXhw sslh
 281

I hn[zw kam\m hnjztm hnt\ipx XtXm 20. D]-km hm Gjm tZh-ssX-Xmkmw tZh-Xm\mw K
tZhm A` h]cm -f kpcmx; `h-Xym--\m, ]cm ]m]v a m\w arXyp- a - ] - l - X ym- s sY\m arXyp- a -
-f kyZzn j{`m-Xrthym `h-Xn, tb Ghw thZ. XyhlXv.
A\- cw Cu Aky-n-e p {]mW-t\m-S v, ""\o, A-s\-bp Cu {]mW-tZ-hX Cu hmKmZn tZh-X-I-
Rp-thn DZvKm\w sNbvI'' Fv tZh- m ]d- p. fpsS ]m]vam-hm-Ip arXyp-hns\ A]-l-\n-n-v Cu tZh-X-
""As\ BIs'' Fp ]d-v, {]mW Ahmbn Isf arXyp-hns\ IS-n-hnv kzcq-]s {]m]n-n-p.
DZvKm\w sNbvXp. ""Cu DZvKm-Xm-hn-s\-smv \s tZh-
21. D]-k ssh hmN-tah {]Y-am-a-Xy-h-lXv; km -
m AXn-K-anpw'' Fv B Akp-c-m Adn-p.
f bZm arXyp-a-Xy-ap-NyX tkm -f nc-`hXv tkm
Ahs t\tc sNnp ]m]vam-hn- s\- smv th[n- p- hm
-f banx ]tcW f- arXyp aXn-{Imtm Zo]ytX
Cn-p. AXv Fs\ Fm, F{]-Imcw temw (a-m-
-) ]mjm-Ws {]m]n-nv hn[zw-kn-p-tam, C{]-Im-cw- B {]mW {]Y-a-bm- b--{]-[m-\- bm-b--hm-ns\s
Xs hnti-jnp [zkvX-cm-bn-v, \m\m-K-Xn-I-fmbn hn\m- IS-n-hn-p. B hmv Ftm arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an- p
is {]m]n-p. A\-cw tZh-m, {]Ir-X- cmb hmKm-Zn- ap-bmtbm Atm AXv An-bm-bn-ocpp. IS-p-
I Aym-Zym--Ia - mb kz cq]-n-em-bn- op. t]mb Cu An arXyp-hn\v Apdw Zo]n-p-p--{]-Im-in-
Akp-c- m ]cm-`q-X-cm-bn- op, hn\--cm-bn- op. p-XmWv.
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-Xv Ah Xm\m-bn-o-cpw. 22. D]-A
- Y {]mW-a-Xy-h-lXv k bZm arXyp-aXy
Chs i{Xp-hmb {`mXr-hy ]cm-`q-X-\m-Ipw. apNy- X , khm- b p- c - ` -h Xv ; tkm - f bw hmbpx
17. D]-t- X-tlmNpx, Iz\p-tkm-`q-Zv, tbm \ Ca ]tcW arXyp-a-Xn-{Imx ]h-tX.
kt-Xn. Ab-amtky -f cnXn; tkm f- bmky ]ns {]mW-s\--{Lm-W-s--I-S-n-hn-p. AXv-B
BMv Knctkm f- MvKm\mw lnckx {]mW--F-tm arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-anp ap-\mtbm
Ah- -{]- Pm- ]- Xn-bpsS {]mW- - - ]-dp: ""BcmtWm Atm AXp hmbp-hm-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-
\t C{]-Imcw tZh-`m-h-tmSp tN-Xv, Ah FhnsS an Cu hmbp arXyp-hn\v Apdw ]h\w sNp-p.
Ccp-pthm?'' Fv, ""CXm hmbpsS \Sp- hn.'' Fv Ah 23. D]- -A -Y-N-p-c-Xy-h-lXv; XZyZm arXyp-a-Xyap
Ip-]n-Sn- p. B {]mW, Abm-ky\pw BMvKn-c-k-\p-am- NyX, k BZntXym -f `hXv; tkm f- km hmZn
Ip-p. Fs- m Ah BMvK--fp-sS--Im-cy-I-c- Wm-- Xyx ]tcW arXyp-aXn {Im-kvX-]Xn
I--fmb AMvK--fp-sS-- c-k-am-Ip-p, kmc-am-Ip-p.
]ns Np-ns\ IS-n-hn-p. B Npv Ftm
18. D]-km hm Gjm tZhXm Zqma; Zqcw ly arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-anv ap-amtbm Atm AXv BZn-
kymarXypx; Zqcw l hm Akvamar-Xyp`-hXn Xy-\m-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\-bp
b Ghw thZ B BZn-Xy arXyp-hn\v Apdw X]n-p-p.

A-s\-bp Cu {]mW-tZ-hX "Zq' Fp {]kn-n- 24. D]-A - Y t{im{X-a-Xy-h-lXv; XZy-Zm-arXyp aXyap

bp--Xm-Ip-p. Fs-m, Cu tZh-X-bn \nv arXyp NyX, XmZntim f- `h; Xm CamZnix ]tcW
Zqc-n-em-W.v C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp- p-thm, Ch-\n\nv arXyp aXn-{Immx
arXyp Zqc-n- em-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns t{im{Xs IS-n-hn-p. AXv B t{im{Xw
19. D]-km hm Gjm tZh-ssX-Xmkmw tZh-Xm\mw Ftm arXyp-hns\ ISp ap-am-tbm, Atm Ah
]m]vam\w arXyp-a-]-l-Xy, b{Xm -f f kmw Znima Znp-I-fm-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\-
kvX - Z vK- a bmw N Imc; X Zmk mw ] m]va- bp Znp-I arXyp-hn-\-pdw nXn sNp-p.
t\mhn\yZ-[mXv; Xkvam P\-an-bm-m--an-bm- 25. D]- -A Y at\m -f Xyh-l Xv; XZy-Zm-ar-X yp-a-Zy
tXv ]m]vam\w arXyp-a-\z-hm-bm-\o-Xn. apNyX, k N{am A`-h-Xv. tkm f- ku N{x
As\ D {]mW Fp ]d-bp Cu tZhX Cu ]tcW arXyp-a-Xn-{Itm `mXn; Ghw l hm
hmKmZn tZh-X-I-fpsS ]m]vam-hm-Ip arXyp-hns\ A]l- G\ta jm tZh-Xm-ar-Xyp-a-Xn-h-l-Xn, b Ghw
\n-nv Fhn- sS-bmtWm Cu Znp-I-fpsS Ah-km\w AhnsS
thZ.
Kan-n-p. AhnsS Cu tZh-X-I-fpsS ]m]vam-sf ]e hn[- A\-cw a\-ns\ IS-n-hn-p. AXp Ftm arXyp-
n AS- n-h- p. AXn-\m, ""]m]vam- hm- Ip arXyp- hns\ hns\ ISp ap-am-bn-opthm Atm AXp N{-
Rm {]m]n--cp-X.v Atm!'' Fv hnNm-cn-,v P\s Kan- \m-bn-op. arXyp-hns\ AXn-{I-an A-s\-bp B
-cp-Xv. A-s--Zn-p-I-fpsS A-s--K-an--cp-Xv. N{ arXyp-hn\v Apdw tim`n-p-p. C{]-Imcw B

N P
 282

I Adn-bp-p-thm, Chs\ Cu {]W-tZ-hX arXyp-hns\ IS- Ikvam-m-MvKmXv {]mW DXv{Im-aXn XtZh Xp- K
n-hn- Sp-p. jyXn; Gj lnhm AMvKm\mw ckx.
- Y f- -f t\ f- mZy-am-Km-b-Xv. bnInw
26. D]-A ""tkm -f bmky BMvKn-ctkm -f MvKm\mw ln ckx''
N m - a - Z ytX - f t\ s s\ h- X - Z - Z y- t X . C l
Fp--Xn-\m {]mW AwK--fpsS ckamsWp ]d-
{]XnXnjvT Xn. n-p-- tm. {]mW AwK--fpsS ck-am-sW-p-Xp
A\- cw X\n- p-thn Am-Zys BKm\w {]kn- -am-Wv. GXv AwK-n\n-p-amtWm {]mW DXv{I-
sNbvXp. Fs- m GsXmw Aw AZn- -s-Sp- an- p--Xv-- am-dp- Xv AtmXs AXv-B AwKw--tim-jn-
pthm AXv {]mW-s\-sm-p-X-s-bmWv AZn- -s-Sp- - p-p. AXn-\m Cu {]mW AwK--fpsS ck-sap
Xv. Cu Am-Zy-n {]mW {]Xn-jvTnXn sNp-p. {]kn--am-bn-cn-p-p.

27. D]- tX tZhm A{_p- h : GXm-h Zzm CZw 29. D] f- Gj D Gh _rl-kv]Xnx; hmssKz _r
khw bZw XZm-\ BKmkox; A\pt\m - lXo: Xkym Gj-]Xnx; Xkvam-Zp-_r-l-kv]Xnx.
f kvan B`-Pkz CXn. tXssham -f `nkw- Cu {]Ir-X-amb BMvKn-c-kXs _rl-k]v -Xnbpw
hni tXXn. XtYXn Xw kaw ]cn-Wy-hn-i-. BIp-p. _rlXo Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmm-Ip-p-h-tm.
Xkvam-Zy-Zt\ \m-a-ntX ss\Xm-kvXr-]y-n. AXn\v Cu {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m _rl-kv]-
Ghw l hm G\w kzm A`n-kw-hn-in; `m Xn-bp-am-Ip-p.
kzm\mw t{ijvTx ]pc GXm `h-X ymtZm -f
30. D]Gj D Gh {_- W -k v ] Xnx; hmssKz
[n]-Xncy Ghw thZ. b D sslhw-hnZw tkzjp-
{_; Xkym Gj- ] Xnx; Xkv amZp {_W
{]Xn {]Xnq-`q-j-Xn, \ sslhmew `mtcy-t`ym- kv ]Xnx.
`-h-Xn. AY b Gssh-X-a-\p-`-h-Xn, tbm sshX-
a-\p-`m-cym _p`q-jXn, kssl-hmew `mtcy-t`ym- Cu {]mWXs {_-kv]-Xnbpw BIp-p, {_w
`- h-Xn. hmm-Ip-p. AXn-\-vB hmn-\-vCu {]mW ]Xn-bm-Ip-
p. AXn-\m {_-W-k] v Xn BWv.
B hmKm- Zn- I -f mb tZh- m ]dp: ""Aw
bmsXmtm AXv Fmw C{X-bpta Dp-htm; AXns\ 31. D]Gj D Gh kma; hmssKzkm f- ssaj,
X\n-p-thn \o BK-a\w sNbvXp. C\n Cu A- n
km Nma-tXn XXv kmav\x kmaXzw; btZzh
kax pjn-Wm, ktam ai-tI-\, ktam \mtK\,
Rsf B`- Pn- n- p- I - - ] - p- - h -c m- p- I .'' Fv
ka G`n-k v{Xn-ZntmssIx, kax ktW;
"Amn-I-fm-sW-n \n Fs Nppw A`n-ap-J-
X mk vam- t Zz- h - k ma; A i v\ ptX k mav\ x
ambn nXn sNp-hn!' Fp {]mW ]d-p. ""A-
kmbqPyw ktem IXmw, b G h taX Xv
s\-bm-Is'' Fp ]d-v, B {]mW\v Nppw \nhn--cm-
kmathZ.
bn. AXn-\m Cu {]mW-s\-smv bmsXmcp As
temIw AZn-p-p-thm, B Aw-sImv Cu hmKm-Zn-I Cu {]mW Xs kma-hp-am-Ip-p. "km' FXv
Xr]vXn-s-Spp C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Chs\ hmm- Ip-p. "Aa' F i_vZw Cu {]mW-\m-Ip-p. "k'
kzw Bfp-I--m-Xn-I C{]-Imcw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp FXpw "Aa' FXpw AXmWv kma-n- \p kmaXzw
Nppw Ccn-p-p. Ch mXn-Iv `c-W-Im- Fp Imc-W-m-em- tWm. pjn- tbm-Sv--]p-n- Im-i- co-c- tm-
hmbpw t{ijvT - \ mbpw apn \S- p- - h -\ m- b pw, Sp--k-a-\mbpw sImXp-In-t\mSp ka-\m-bpw, \mK-tmSp ka-
\mbpw Cu aqp temI--tfmSpw ka-\mbpw k-
As `n-p--h-\m-bpw Atcm-K-\mbpw taem-hm-bn-
tmSpw ka-\mbpw Ccn-p- -Xv, AXp-sImpw {]mWs\
cpv ]men-p--h-\mbpw `hn-p-p. kzw Bfp-I-fn
kma-sap ]d-bmw. Bcm-tWm, C{]-Imcw kmas Adn-
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h-s\-p-dnv {]Xn-Iq-e-\m-
bp--Xv, Ah kman-s-- {]m-Ws kmbq-Py-stbm
bn, kv]n-p--h\ - mbn `hn-p-hm Cn-p--X v,
ktem-I-X-tbtbm {]m]n-p-p.
Ah `c-Wo-b-mv aXn-bm-b-h-\mbn `hn--bn--X-s.
]ns BcmtWm Ch-s\-- C-{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h-s\--A-\p- 32. D]- - G - j - D hm DZv K oYx; {]mtWm hm DXv ;
K-X- \mbn `hn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Chs\ A\p-hn-p- {]mtW\ loZw kh-ap- _v [ wx hm tKh
sImv `mcy- m- sc- -`-c- Wo- b-m-sc--`- cn- p- hm Cn-p-Xv KoYm; D-KoYm tNXn k DZ-KoYmx.
Ah am{Xta `c-Wo-b-mp aXn-bmhpI-bp-q. Cu {]mW DZvKo-Y-hp-am-Ip-p. DXv FXv {]mW-\m-
28. D]-""tkm f- bmky BMvK n-c tkm -f MvKm\mw Ip-p. Fs-m Cu PK-smw {]mW-\m BWv
lnckx'' {]mtWm hm AMvKm\mw ckx, {]mtWm- D-_v[-am- bn-cn-p- - Xv--Xmn \ndp- - s-n-cn- p--Xv. KoY
Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmp-Xs BIp-p. Dw-Ko-Ybpw
lnhm AMvKm\mw ckx; XkvamZw bkvam

N P

I Fp-Xp tNp-]-d-bp--XmWv DZvKo-Yw.
33. D]-X
-
- m]n {_-Z-t InXmt\m cmPm\w
`-b-p-hmN: Abw Xyky cmPm aqm\w
hn]m-X-b-Xm-Zv, bZntXm -f bmky BMvKnctkm -
f t\yt\m- Z - K m- b - Z n- X n. hmNm N tlyh k
{]mtW\ tNmZ-Km-b-Zn-Xn.
B hnj-b-nepw Hcp BJym-bnI tIn-p-v. ssNIn-
Xm- \s bphm- ]- Xy-amb {_- Z- cmPm-hn- s\- - tkm- a- s-
- `- n-p- sImv ]dp: ""Abm-ky- \mb BMvKn-c-k Cu
hmIvkw- bp-- \mb {]mW-\n\nv asmcp tZh- X- sb- sm-
mWv DZvKm\w sNbvX-sX-n, Cu Fm `n--s-
Sp tkmaw Ah-s--A-\r-X-hm-Zn-bmb Fs--aqm-hn-
s\-- in-c-ns\ hn]-Xn- n- s'' Fv. Ah--A- bm-ky-\mb
BMvKn-c-k hmp-sImpw {]mW-s\-smpw Xs-
bmWv DXvKm\w sNbvXXv Fv CXp-sImp Xo-bm-W.v
34. D] Xky sslXky kmtav\m bx kzw thZ,
`hXn lmky ssh kzc Gh kzw Xkv am-
ZmXznPyw Icn-jy hmNn kzc-an-t-X. Xbm
hmNm kzk- - bm - f - f XznPyw Ipcym- X v .
Xkvam-Zyt kzc-hw ZnZr- Gh; AtYm
bkykzw `h-X n. `hXn lmkykzw b Gh
tatXXv kmav\x kzw thZ.
A--s\-bp Cu kma-ns [\s B Adn-bp-
pthm Ahv [\w Dm-Ipw. B kma-n\v [\w kzcw-
X-s-bmWv. AXn-\m BXznPyw sNbvhm t]mIp--
h hmn kzcs Cn--Ww. kzc-k---bmb B
hmp-sImv BXzn-Pys sN-Ww. BmtWm [\w
D- Xv, Aht\ ImWp-hm B{K-ln-p- Xp F{]-Im-ctam
AXp-t]m-se, bn kzc-ap--hs\ ImWp-hm P\-
B{K-ln-p-I-Xs sNp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw
Cu kma-ns kzns\ Adn-bp- Xv Ahv [\w Dm-
IpXmWv.
35. D]- -X ky sslXky kmav t\mbx kphw
thZ, `hXn lmky kphw; Xky ssh kzc
Gh kphw; `hXn lmky kphw b
Ghw ta-XXv kmav\x kphw thZ.
A-s\-bp Cu kma-ns kphs B
Adn- bp-pthm Ahv kphw Dm- Ipw. B kma- n\v
kphw kzcw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Cu kma-
ns kphs B Adn-b p- pthm Ahv
kphw Dm-IpXmWv.
36. D] Xky sslXky kmavt\m bx {]XnjvTmw
thZ, {]Xn lXn-jvTXn; Xky ssh hm tKh
{]XnjvTm; hm Nn ln Jtezj GXXv {]mWx
{]Xn-jvTntXm KobtX; A CXyp-sslI B
lpx.
N P
283
A-s\-bp Cu kma-ns {]Xn-jvTsb B Adn- K
bp-p-thm, Ah {]Xn-jvTnXn sNp-p. B kma-n\v
{]XnjvT hmp-X-s- bm-Ip-p. Fs- m Cu {]mW
hmn {]Xn-jT v n-X- \m-bn-m-Wtm Cu KoXn-bm-bn-o-cp-
-Xv. A-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-m-Wp KoXn `mhs
{]m]n-p--sXv ap Nne ]d-bp-p.
37. D] AYmXx ]h-am-\m-\m-ta-hm-`ym-tcmlx; k
ssh Jep {]kvtXmXm kma {]kvXuXn; k
b{X {]kvXp-bmXv XtZ-Xm-\n-P-t]Xv; AktXm
am kZv K - b abm; Xa- t km am tPmXnK- a b;
artXymm -f arXw-K- a-b . CXn. k bZm- l m-
ktXm am\z-ZvK-a-tb-Xn, arXyphm Ak-Xv, kZ-
ar X w ; ar tX ym m - f ar X w Ka- b m- a r X w
amIphntXy sshX-Zml; Xatkm am tPymXn
Ka-t bXn: arXypsshXtam, tPymXn- c - arXw
artXymm -f arXw Ka- b m- a rXw amIphn-
tXyssh XZml; artXymm -f arXw Ka-tbXn
\m{X Xntcm-ln-X-an-hm-kvXn. AYbm \oX-cmWn
kvtXm{XmWn tXjzm-t\ -f m`yamKmtb-Xv.
XkvamZp tXjp-h cw hrWo-X bw Imaw Ima-
tbX Xw; k Ghw hnZp- Z v KmXm - f - f t\
hmbP-am-\mb h bw Imaw Ima-btX XamKm
bXnsXs-X -tm-I -P n-tZh: \ sslhm-tem-I y-
Xmbm Bim f- kvXn, b Gh-ta-XXv kma thZ.
A\-cw CXn-\m GXp hnm-\-ap--h-\mtWm P]-
I- n A[n-Im-cw, B hnm\w ]d-p-I-gn--Xn-
\m ]h-am-\-p am{X-ap A`ymtcmlw Fp ]d-
bp P]-Iw hn[n--s-Spp: B {]kvtXm-Xmhv
kmas {]kvX-hn-p-a-tm. B {]kvtXm-Xmhv GXp Ime-
n {]kvX-hn-p-tam-- {]m-cw-`n-ptam Atm Ch-sb--
Xmsg ]d-bp a{- sf P]n--Ww. ""AktXm am kZvK-
abm'' ""Xatkm am tPymXnK-a-b.'' ""artXymm f- arXw
Ka-b,'' Fv. B a{w ""AktXm am kZvK-abm'' Fv
GXns\ ]d-bp-p-thm, AXn Akv Fp ]d-bp-Xv
arXyp BIp-p. kv FXv Aar-X-am-Ip-p. Fs
arXyp-hn\nv Aar-X s {]m]n-n-p-I. AXm-bXv;
Fs Aar-X-\m-pI Fp-X-s-bmWv Cu ]d-bp--Xv.
Xav FXv arXyp BIp-p. arXyp-hn\nv Fs Aar-
Xs {]m]n-n-p-I. AXm-bXv Fs Aar-X-\m-pI
Fp-X-s-bmWv C-d-bp--Xv. artXymm f- arXw- K-ab
Fp-- Xn XntcmlnXsa- -t]mse D Akzcq]w
C. A\-cw ap kvtXm{X- Ghtbm Ah-bn X\n-
mbn Am-Zys BKm\w sN-Ww. GXp Imc-W-m-
emtWm C{]- Imcw Adn-bp-- -{]m- W-hn- m- b- Cu DZv- Km- Xmhv
X\n-mtbm bP-am-\ - mtbm GXp Imas Iman-p-
pthm AXns\ BKm\w sNp--Xv, AXn-\m B
kvtXm{X- {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-tm GXp Ima-s-
bmtWm Iman-p--Xv, B Imas hc-ambn hcn--Ww.
 284

I A-s\-bp Cu {]mhn-m\w temI-sf Pbn-p-- ]Xv\o Nm`-h-Xmw. Xkvam-Zn-Z-a _rK-f-anh kz K

Xp-X-s. BcmtWm Cu \mas Adn-bp-Xv Ahv CXnl kva m -ff lbm- -hevIyx; Xkvam-Z-b-
temIml-Xz-`m-h-s-n Awiw-k\w Dm-IpX-. amImix kv{Xnbm ]qcyX Gh. \mw ka-`h - Xv;
XtXm a\pjym APm-b-.
\memw {_mWw
Ah B {]Pm-]Xn can-n- cXnsb {]m]n-n-. AXn-
38. D]-B- -ss-th-Z-a{K BkoXv; ]pcp-j-hn[x tkm \m GIm-In-bm-bn-p--h can-p-n- . Ah, cm-a-
f- \p hoy-\ m-\ y-Zm- t\m - f ]iyXv; tkm -f sXmcp hkvXp-hn- s\-kv{Xn hkvXp-hns\ Cn- p. Ah ]c-
l akvao Xyt{K hyml-c-Xv. XtXm -f lw \mam- kv]cw Benw- K\w sNbvXn-cn-p kv{Xo ]pcp- j- m F-
`-hXv: Xkvam-Z-t]y-Xlym-a-{ntXm -f la-b-an- s\-tbm--GXp ]cn-am-W-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-ptam A{Xbpw
tXy-hm{K Dzm -f Ym\y- ma {]{_q-tX, bZ- ]cn-am-W-ap-- h Bbn-op. Ah Cu Bm-hn-s\-
ky-` -h - X n. k bXv ]qtm - f kv amXv k- s cp {]Im-c-n ]Xn-n-p. AXn-\m ]Xnbpw
kvamXv km ]m]va \ Huj- X v, Xkv amXv ]Xv\nbpw Dm-bn. AXn-\m Cu icocw Xn-ep-- -Xs
]pcpjx HmjXn l ssh k Xw tbm f- kvamXv A-`mKw t]mte-bn-cn-pp Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-
]qtm _p`q-jXn b Ghw thZ. n-p-v. AXn-\m BIm-i- am-b--k{v Xo-bm-Ip---]-Ip-Xn-
bn-m Cu ]pcp-jmw kv{Xobm ]qcn-n--s-Sp-I-
ap icocw Dm-Ip- -Xn\p apv CXv ]e amXn-cn- bn- ep
Xs sNp-p. Ah-sf--]X - v\n-bmbn Iev]n--s-p. iX-
ico-c-sa-mw--B- m-hp-Xs Bbn- cp-p. ]pcp-j- s\-tmse
cq] F B ]p{Xnsb {]Pm-]Xn D]-K-an-p. AXn\nv
incv ]mWn-I apX-em-b-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb B hncmv A\p-
a\p-jy Dm-bn.
ho- Ww sNbvXn- v-- A-\zm-tem-N\w sNbvXn- v--X-n\np
thtd- bmb Hn-t\bpw In- . Ah apt "Rm\m- Ipp' 41. D] tkmtl-b-ao-mw-N-t{I--I-Yw-\pam f- f \
F A-n "Alw Akvan' Fv hyml-cn-p-- ]-d- Gh P\-bnXzm kw`-hXn? l! Xntcm f- km
p. AXn-\m "Alw' Fp t]cp-h - \
- m-bn-Xop. \oXn; km Kuc-`h - Xv; Ej-`-CX - cx; Xmw kta-hm-
AXn-\m Ctmgpw B a{Ww sN-s--h-"\o Bcv?' `-h Xv ; XtXm Kmthm f
- Pmb; _Uth Xcm -
Fp tNmZn- m Hcp- h- - B-Zyw- -"Rm BWv' Fp-Xs f `hXv ; Aiz hrj CXcx; K`o- X-cm, K`
]d-n-v, B thtd-bp \mas ]d-bp-p. B {]Pm-]Xn CXcx; Xmw kta- h m- ` h
- Xv ; X X GIi ^a-Pm-
Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-Xzs {]m]n-p-hm-\n-n-p--h-cpsS kap- bX; AtP-Xcm f- `hXv; hkvX-CX - cx; Ahncn-X-
Zm- b-s- m-sfmw ]q-\m-bn- v--ap--\m-bn-v--Fm ]m]vam- cm, taj- C - X cx; Xmw kta- h m- ` -h Xv; XtXm f-
-tfbpw Zln-np Fp-Xv GtXm, AXn-\m ]pcp-j- Pmhtbm f
- Pmb; Gh- t ah bZnZw InwN anYp-
\m- Ip-p. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp- pthm Ah, BcmtWm \- a m]n ]oen- X m- `y- k v X Xv ; kh akr- P-X.
Ch-s\-m ap-\mbn `hn-p-hm Cn-p-Xv Ahs\ B Ch B iX-cq] Cun-p. Btem-Nn-p.
Zln-n- pXmWv. ""Fs Xn\np Xs P\n- n-n- v, F- s\-bmWv kw`-
39. D]- tkm f- _nt`Xv; Xkvam-tZ-ImIo _nt`Xn; hn- p-Xv?- D]- K- an-p- Xv? Ctm Rm ad- p-I-fbmw''
k l mb- a o- mw- N - t {I, b- Z - \ y- m- k vXn, Fv, Ah B iX-cq] tKmhm-bn-op. at B
Ikv a mp _nt`- a oXn; XX Ghmky `bw a\p Ej`w Bbn. Ahsf D]-K-an--Xs sNbvX p.
AXn\nv tKm P\n-p. at-h--i-X-cq-]--s]c-Ip-
hobmb; Ikvam-y-t`-yXv? ZznXobm ssZz `bw
Xn-c-bm-bn-op. at-h--a\pBIp-Xn-c-bm-bn. iX-
`h-Xn.
cq] s]I-gp- X- bm-bn. at B BI- gp-X-bm- bn. Ahsf
AhB {]Pm-]Xn `b-s-p, AXn-\m H-bm-bp-- D]-K-an--Xs sNbvXp. AXn\nv H-p-f-p C\w
h `b-s-Sp-p. As\ `b-s Cu {]Pm-]Xn Cu Dm-bn. iX-cq] s]tIm-em-Sm-bn. at B-a - -\p-- tIm-
Ws sNbvXp--hn-Nm-cn--dn-p. ""bmsXmcp Imc-W- em-Sm-bn. AXp-t]mse iX-cq] s]Ip-dn-bmSpw a\p
m Fn\nv A\y-am- bn-p hkvXp C- tm, AXn- BIp-dn-bm-Sp-ambn Ahsf D]-Ka - n--Xs sNbvXp.
\m GXn\n-mWv Rm `b-s-Sp-Xv?'' Fv. AXn- AXn\nv tImem-Sp-Ifpw Ipdn-bm-Sp-Ifpw Dm-bn. C{]-
\mXs Ch-s Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS `bw Xosc \on. Imcw Xs ]n]o-en-I-Ihsc GsXmw anYp-\-amtWm
GXn \nmWv `b-s-Xv? cm-a-sXm-n \nm-Wtm temI-n DXv AXns\ Fmw krn-p.
`b-ap-m-Ip- -Xv.
42. D] tkm -f thZlw hmh krn-c - k vaylw
40. D] k ssh ss\h tcta; Xkvam-tZ-Im-Io\ loZw kha kro-X n, XXx krn-c -` -h Xv
catX. k ZznXo-b-ssa-Xv; k sslXm-hm-\m-k, krymw lmssky-Xkymw `h-Xn, b Ghw thZ.
bYm kv{Xo]pamw ku kw]-cn-ju; k Ca Ah B {]Pm-]Xn hnNm-cnp: ""krn--kr-n-- s
tahm f- f m\wtZz[m -f ]mX-bXv; XXx ]Xn PK-v--Rm Xs- bm-Ip- p. Fs-m CXns\ Fmw

N P

I Rm\mWp'' krn-Xv Fv. AXn-\m krn Fp t]cp-
-h-\m-bn-op. C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
Chs Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS-Cu krn-bn--kr-n-bmb
Cu PK-n {km-hm-bn-o-cp-p.
43. D]- - A - t Y- X y- ` - a - Xv ; kap- J m- - t bm- t \l
kvXm`ymw Nmn-a-kr-PX; Xkva-tZ-X-Zp-`-b-atem
aI-a--cX;x Atem-a-I ml tbm\n-c--cXx XZy
`nZam lpcapw bPmapw b tPtXy-ssIIw tZh,
taX- s skyh km hnkrnx; Gj Dtlya
kthtZhmx AY- b Xv Int-Z -am{Zw Xt{Z-
Xtkm f- krPX; XZp-tkmax; GXm-h Zzm CZw
kh-aw Nmm-Z; tkma Ghmw; An-
c- mZx; sskjm {_tWm - f Xnkrnx;
bvtdbtkm tZhm-\ -k r-P -X , AY-b - yx
k-ar-X m-\ -k r-P -X, Xkvam-Z-X n-k rnx AXn-
krymw lmsskyXkymw `hXn b Ghw thZ.
A\-cw C{]-Imcw A`n-ap-tJy\ aY\w sNbvXp. B
{]Pm- ]Xn apJ-am-Ip tbm\n-bn\npw lkvX- -fm-Ip
tbm\n-I-fn\npw Ansb krn-p. AXn-\m CXp-
cpw AIv tcma-an-m--Xm-bn-cn-p-p. tbm\n AI-
p-h-iv tcma-an-m--Xm-W-tm. AXn--I-{]-I-c-W-
n, Hmtcm tZh-s\bpw C-tZ-hs\ bPn-p-I, C-tZ-
hs\ bPn-pI Fv C-d-bm-dp-Xv GtXm B hnhn-[-
amb krn Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Xs- bm-Ip-p. Fm tZh-
mcpw Cu {]Pm-]Xn Xs BIp-p. A\-cw temI-
n GsX-m-amtWm B{Z-am-bn-pXv Ahsb tcX-
n\nv krn-p. AXv tkmaw Xs- bm-Ip-p. Cu PK-
smw C{X-tmfw am{X-am-Ip-p. Ahpw Am-Z\pw
am{X- am-Ip-p. Aw-X- s-bmWv tkmaw Am-Z Xs
An. Xs- m t{ijvT-cmb tZh- msc krnp FXv
GtXm, CXv {_m-hns{]-Pm- ]-Xn-bp-sS--X-s- m IqSn-
b-X-c-n-ep krn-bm-Ip-p. ay-\m-bn-cp-p-sImv
ac-W- an- m-- hsc krnp FXv GtXm AXn- \m AXn-
kr- n-bm-Ip-p. C{]- Imcw B Adn-bp-pthm Ah Ch-
s-Cu {]Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS-Cu AXn-kr-n-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-sb-
tmse Xs krm-hm-bn-o-cpXmWv.
44. D]- - X - tZw Xly-h ym- I r- X - am- k oXv; Xma
cq]m-` ym-tah hym{In-b -X m-k u-\ mam -f banZw
cq] CXn; XZn-Z-a-t]y-X ln \ma-cq-]m-` ym-tah
hym{In-b tX -f ku \mam-b -ZnZwcq] CXn. k
Gj Cl {]hn B -f \Jm-t{K-t`ym, bYm
pcx pc-[mt\ -f hlnXx kymXv hnizw`tcm
hm hnizw-`-c-Ip-emtb; Xw \ ]iy-n. AIrt
\mln kx; {]mW-th {]mtWm-\ ma `hXn;
hZ hmIv; ]iyw-px irWzRv t{im{Xw,
a\zm-t\m-a\ kvXm\y-ssky-Xm-\n-I \mam-t\y-
h. k tbm f- X GssI Iap-]mkvtXm \ k
thZ; AIr-tv\mtly jx; AX GssItI \
N P
285
`hXn; Bt-tXythm ]mkoX; A{X tlytX K
k GIw `h- n, XtZ-X Xv ]Z\o baky
k-ky, bZ-b-amm; At\\ tlyXXv kw
thZ. bYm l ssh]- t Z- \ m- \ p- h n- t , tZhw
Ionw, tmIw hn-tX, bGhw thZ.
_oPm-h --bn-em-bn-cp PK- v, Atm-- D ]-
np apv--A-hym-Ir-X- am-bn-cp-p. AXv--A-hym-Ir-X-am-bn-
cp PK-v ""Ch C t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. C cq]-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p,'' Fv \maw-sImpw cq]w-
sImpw Xs hymI-cn-p. A-s\-bp Bhym-Ir-X-
amb hkvXp Cm-e-pw, ""Ch C-t]-cp- -h-\m-Ipp;
C cq]-ap--h-\m-Ip-p.'' Fv \maw-sImpw cq]w-
sImpw Xs hymI- cn- p-p. Ah B ]c-\mb Bm-
hv, pcw--I-n- -I-n-q-n Ah-ln- X-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw
{]th-in-n--s-n- cn-p--Xpw, hnizw- `-c- -A-n-- hn-izw-`-
cs Ipem-b-n--A-hln-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xpw GXp {]Im-
c-tam, A{]-Imcw Cu tZl--fn \Jm-{K-hsc {]hn-
-\mbn Ahs\ Im-Wp-n-. Fs- m, Ah-- {]m-W-
\m-Zn-{In-b-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bmhv AIr-v\-\m-Ip-p. Ak-
a-kvX-\m-Ip-p. {]mW-\-{In-bsb sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-
tm am{Xsa {]mW Fp t]cp- - h- \m-bn- cn-p- p-q.
hZn-p-tm am{Xta hmv Fp t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-
p-q. Zin-p-tm am{Xta Npv Fp t]cp--h-
\m-bn-cn-p-p-q. {ihn-p-tm am{Xta t{im{X- sap
t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-q. a\\w sNp-tm am{Xta
a\-sp t]cp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-pq. Cu Bm-hns
A-s\- bp Cu {]mWm- Zn-\m-a- Iw- sIm- p-mb
\ma- am{X- am- W.v BcmtWm CXn\n-v {]mW-\m-Zn-{In-
bm-k-ap-Zm-b-n\np Hmtcm-ns\ D]m- kn-p-,v Ah
{_s Adn-bp-n-. Fs-m, Cu Bm-hv, Cu
{]mW-\mZn kap-Zm-b-n Hmtcm-mbn \nevp-tm
AIr-v\- \m- Ip- p- -A-k- a-kvX-\m-Ip-p. Bm- sh- p- h-p-
Xs D]m-kn-Ww Fs-m Cu Bmhv FXv
GtXm, {]Ir- X-amb Cu Xzam-W,v CXn Fm-n-epw-hp
{]m]n--s-tS-- Xv. Fs-m CXp-sIm-v-Cu B-X-
zs Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p, CXns\ FmwBm-h-m-
-Xns\ Fmw Adn-bp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-
-Xp, Ah, GXp {]Im-c-amtWm ]Zw-sIm-v--Np-h- -S-
bmfw sImv e`n-p-hm-\p-t-in-p ]ip-hns\ e`n-p-
Xv A{]-Imcw Ion- sbbpw tmI-sbpw Inp-p.
45. D] XtZ-XXv t{]bx ]p{Xm-Xv, t{]tbm-hnmXv,
t{]tbm -f \y kvamXv kh-kvam, Z-c-Xcw b
Zb-ammx ktbm-\y-am-\x {]nbw {_phmWw
{_qbm-X v, {]nbw tcmy-X o-X n. Cuiztcml;
XssYh kymXv; Bm-\-tah {]nb-ap]mknX;
k b BX-vam-\-tah {]nb-ap-]m-kvtX, \ lmky
{]nbw {]am-bpIw `h-Xn.
Cu Bm-sh-Xv GtXm, CXv ]p{X-s\-m t{]b-

I m-Ip-p--{]n-b-X-c-am-Ip-p. hn-t-m--kzw,
cXv\w apX-em-b-Xn-s\-m {]nb-X-c-am- Ip-p. as- m-n- s\-
mfpw {]nb-X-c-am-Ip-p. Ghpw Dn-ep--Xm-Ip-p.
Btcm- tWm,--GXp {]mW-{]n- b- hmZn BtWm, Bm- h- m
asm-ns\ Bm-hn-s\-m {]nb-sap ]d-bp--h-t\m-
Sv, ""\n\v A`n-a-X-amb ]p{Xm-Zn-cq- ]-amb hkvXp tcm[n-pw-
-{]mW kwtcm-[-\s {]m]n-pw--\- in-pw.'' Fv ]d-bp-
-Xv, Ah Cuiz-cX-s--A - s\ ]d-bp--Xn\p aXn-
bm-b-hX-s. Ah ]d-X - p-t]m-se-Xs kw`-hn-
pw. Bm-hn-s\- s {]nb-s av D]m-k n- -Ww.
As\ BcmtWm Bm-hn-s\-s {]nb-sav D]m-
kn-p--Xv, Chs {]nbw {]a-c-W-io-ea - m-bn--\-in-p
kz`m-h-ap-Xmbn `hn-p-X-- .
46. D]-X
- Z- mlpxbZv {_-hn-Zybm kw `hnjy
tm a\p-jym-a-\ yt; Inap XZv {_m-th-Xv
bkvamXv XXv k-a-`-hXv? CXn.
AXn- s\ ASp hmIy-mtZym-Xn-n-p- -Xn-s\- -]-
d-bpp: \nc-Xn-i-b-amb t{ib-ns\ {]m]n-p-hm-\n-n-
p {_m-W ]d-bpp ""a\p-jy {_-hn-Zy-sImv
Xp Fm-am-bn- o-cm- sav hnNm-cn- pp Fp- Xv
GtXm, AXns\ kw_-np \mw tNmZn-pp GXns
m\-m AXv-B {_w Fm-am-bn-op-thm,
As\bp Fn- s\- bm- Wv, B {_w Adn- Xv?'' F v.
47. D] {_ hm CZ-a{K BkoXv; XZm- m-\ta
hm thZlw {_m-kvaoXn; XkvamXv XXv k
a`-hXv; XtZym tbm tZhm\mw {]Xy-_p-[y-X, k
Gh-X-Z-`-hXv; XYjoWmw; XYm a\p-jymWmw
Xss-XXv ]iy-r-jnhm-a-tZhx {]Xn-t]tZ f-
lwa-\p-c-`hw kqcy-tXn; XZn-Za t]yXln, b
Ghw thZmlw {_m-kvao-Xn, k CZw khw
`h-Xn. Xky l \ tZhm \m`qXym CuitX;
Bm-tlyjmw k `h-X n. AY tbm -f \ymw
tZh- X m- a p- ] mk vtX - f t\ ymk m ht\ ym - f
lakvXo Xn, \ kthZ; bYm ]ip-tchw ktZ-
hm-\mw, bYm l ssh _lhx]ithm a\pjyw
`qRvP yp, tc hta-s sII ]pcptjm tZhm
`q\n GI kvanth ]im-h m-Zo-b -amt\ -f
{]nbw `h-Xn. Inap_ lpjp? Xkvam tZjmw-
X {]nbw btZ-X--\pjym hnZypx
CXv Cu ico-c- n nXn sNp--Xmbn {Kln--
s-Sp-Xv appw--{]-Xn-t_m-[-n\p appw--{_-w-Xs
Bbn-cp-p. AXv-B {_w Xs-m-t, ""Rm {_-
am-Ipp'' Fv Adn-p. AXn-\m AXv k-hp-am-bn-
op. B hnj-b - n tZh- m-c psS Iq- n
BcmtWm {]Xn-t_m-[n-X - v,--B-m-hns\ ta]-d--{]-
Imcw Adn--Xv, AhX-s- B {]Xn-_p--\mb Bm-
hv-- am{Xw AXm-bn-op. AXp-t]mse EjnI-fpsS Iq-
nepw; AXp-t]mse a\p-jy-cpsS Iq-n-epw. A-s\-
N P
286
bp Cu {_s "Rm\m-Ipp' Fp Iv, hma-tZ- K
h F Ejn "Rm a\p-hmbn; kqcy\pw Bbn' Fp
{]Xn-]-Zn-p-- km--`m-hs {]m]n-p-h-t{X. A-s\-
bp Cu {_-s, "Cm-epw Rm {_-am-Ip-p.'
Fn-s\ B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah CXp Fm-am-bn-
o-cpw. Ahs {_-`mh {]m]vXn-tbbpw k `mh-{]m-
]vXn-tbbpw Cm-Xm-p--Xn\v tZh-mt]m-epw, C, Cui-
cm-I-bn-. Fs-m, Ah--{_--hn-v-Cu tZh-m-
cpsS Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns BcmtWm "Ah
thtd-bm-Ipp; Rm thtd-bm-Ipp' Fp hnNm-cn-v,
Xn\np thtd-bmb Hcp tZh-Xsb D]m-kn-p--Xv,
Ah Xzs Adn-bp-n-. Ah tZh-mv ]kp
F-s\tbm A-s\-bm-Ip-p. GXp {]Im-c-n-emtWm
hfsc ]iq- a\p-jys\ ]men-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw Ahn-
Zzm- \mb Hmtcm ]pcp- j-\pw tZh-msc ]men-p- p. Hcp ]ip-
Xs FSp- - s-Sp-tm A{]nbw Dm-Ip-p. hfsc ]ip-
FSp- - s-Sp- tm, D A{]nbw ]d-tb- Wtam? AXn-
\m a\p-jy CXn-s\-Cu {_m--X-Xzs Adn-bp--
Xv, Cu tZh-mv {]nb-Ica-.
48. D] {_hm CZ-a{K Bko-tZ-Ita-h, X hy`-
h-X Xvtd-tbm-cq-]-a-Xy-kr-P-X- -vdw, bmt\y-
X m\ n tZh- { X m- - vdm- W ot{ m hc pW x,
tkmtam-cp{Zx ]P-t\ym-btam arXyp-co-im\ CXn.
Xkv a m- X v - v d m- X v ] cw \mkv X n, Xkv a mZv
{_mWx {Xnb a[-k v X m-Zp-] mkvt X cmP-
kqtb; vd Gh-XZy timZ-[mXn sskjm-
vd kytbm-\n-cyZv {_. XkvamZv bZy]n
cm Pm ]c-a-X mw-K- -Xn, {_ss-hm-X D]\n
{ibXn kzmw tbm\nw. b D G\w ln\-kvXn,
kzmw k tbm\n-ar-Xn; k ]m]o-bm `h-Xn,
bYm-t{ibmw kwlnw knXzm.
BZyw CXv-Cu vdm- Zn-Pm- Xn-sbmw Hp- X- s-bmb
{_-wXs Bbn-cp-p. AXv B {_w H-b v m-bn-cp-
-Xp-sImv hnZ-hn-n- i-am-bn-. AXv- B {_w
{]i-kX v - cq-]amb vds vdnb PmXnsb AXn-
kr-n-p AXn-i-tb\ krn-p. tZh-m-cn vd--
sfp {]kn---fmb C{; hcp-W, tkma, cp{Z,
]P-\y, ba, arXyp, Cuim-\ Fnh Fhtbm Ah-
bmWv B vdw. AXn-\m--{_--m AXn-i-tb\
krn--s--Xn-\m, vd-s-m IqSn-bXv C.
AXn-\m cmP-kq-b - n {_m-W Xmsg Ccp-p-
sImv vdn-bs\ D]m-kn-p-p. vd-nXs
B bi-n-s\ {_m-sa-p Jym-Xnsb m]n-p-p.
{_-sap ]d-bp-Xv GtXm, AXv Cu {]{I-X-bmb
vd-ns tbm\n-X- s-bm-Ip-p. AXn-\m cmPmhv
]c-a-X-sb {_m-Ws\ At]-nv DIjs Kan-
pp Fnepw HSp-hn Iw Ah-km-\n-p-tm--
Xs tbm-\n-bmb {_s Xs {_m-W-Pm-Xn-sb--
B- {i-bn-p- p. BcmtWm Ch-s\- - {_m--Ws\ lnwkn-p-

I -Xv--Xmgvn hnNm-cn-p--Xp-hgn Ah Xs tbm\n-sb-
-Xs {]k-hs hnt-Zn-n- p-p--\-in-n-p-p. Ah
Iptd-qSn ]m]n-bm-bn-o-cp-p. {]i-kvX-X-c-\m-bn-p--
hs\ lnwkn-nv GXp-{]-Im-c-amtWm ]m]n-bm-bn-o- cp-Xv
AXp-t]mse Ah ]m]n-bm-bn-o-cp-p.
49. D] k ss\h hy`- h Xv ; khn- i a krPX;
bmt\yXm \ntZh PmXm-Xn-K-W-i -B-Jym-b -t,
hkthm cp{Zm BZnXym hntiz-tZhm acpX CXn.
Ah, {_m-Wm-`n-am-\n-bmb ]pcp-j Fnpw
Iw sNp--Xn\p Ign-hp--h\ - m-bn-. Ah hnns\
(ssh-iy-sc) krn-p. GXp tZh-Pm-Xn-I-fmtWm hkp-
cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m hntiz-tZ-h-m acp-p-I Fn-
s\ Iqw-Iq--ambn ]d-b-s-Sp-Xv Ah-bmWv B hnp-
I.
50. D] k ss\h hy`-hXv; k iu{Zw h-akr
PX ]qj-Ww. Cbw ssh ]qjm. Cbw loZw
khw ]pjyXn bZnZw Inw N.
Ah Fnpw Iw sNp--Xn\p i-\m-bn-.
Ah ]qjm-hm-Ip ip{`-hs krjvSn-p. ]qjm-
shp ]d-bp-Xv Cu ]rYnhn BIp-p. Cu ]rYn-hn-bm-
Wtm Cu PK-ns\ Fmw t]mjn-n- p--Xv.
51. D] k ss\h hy`-hXv; Xvt{itbm cq] aXy-
kr- P - X - [ w; XtZ- X Xv {- k y{w
bx Xkvam-mev]cw \mkvXn; AtYm
A_-eo-bm- _enbmw kamiw ktX [tW
bYm-cm-sshw tbm ssh k [x kXyw
ssh XXv; XkvamXv kXyw hZ-am lqw
hZ-X oXn; [w hm hZw kXyw hZ-Xo-X n.
GX-ty-ssh-X-Zp-`bw `h-Xn.
Ah Fnpw Iw sNp--Xn\p i-\m-bn-.
AXp--{_w {]i-kvX-cq-]a- mb [s AXn-i-tb\
krn-p. [-sap ]d-bp-Xp GtXm CXp {X- n-
sbpw {X-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m [t-m IqSn-b-
Xmbn bmsXm-p-an-. Zp_e-X-c t]mepw, cmPm-hn-s\-
smp F{]-Im- ctam C{]- Imcw [w- sImp _e-h--
cs\ Pbn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-p. B [w GtXm AXv
kXy-am-I p- p. AXn-\m kXy-s--d-bp--h-s\- n
[sXXv ]d- b p- p. [s ]dp-b p- -h - s \- n
kXys ]d-bpp Fpw ]d-bp-p. Fs- m -
[hpw kXyhpw Hp-Xs BIp-p.
52. D] XtZ-XXv {_, {Xw, hnSv, iq{Zx XZ-n-
ss\h tZthjp {_m-`-hXv; {_mtWm a\p-
tjyjp; {Xn-tbW -f {Xn-tbm, sshtiy\
sshiyx iqt{ZW iq{Zx Xkv am Zm- t hh
tZthjp temI-an-t; {_mtW a\p-tjyjp;
GXm`ymw ln cq]m`ymw {_m -f `h-X v. AY
N P
287
tbm l hm Akvamtm ImXv kzwtem-I-a-Zrzm K
ss{]Xn k G\ahnZntXm \ `q\- n, bYm
thZm hm f- -f \\p tm -f \yZzm Im -f
IrXw. bZnl hm A]yt\ hwhn--l-Xv]pWyw
I- I -tcm- X n, XmkymXx obX Gh.
Bm-\ -tah temI-ap]mkoX kb Bm-\ -
tah temI-ap-]m-kvtX, \ lmky I ob-
tX. Akvam-tyhm f- f t\mbZypXv Ima-btX
XXv krP-tX.
B krn--s NmXphyw {_w, {Xw, hnSv,
ip{Z CXm-Ip-p. AXv B {km-hmb {_w An-bm-
bn-p-X-s- -A-n-cq-]-ns tZh-m-cpsS Iq-n
{_- am-bn- -{_m--W -Pm-Xn-bm-bn- op. a\p-jy-c n
{_m-W-\m-bn-op. C{m-Zy-[n-jT v n-X-ambn {Xn-b-Pm-
Xn-bm-bn-op. ]qjm-[n-jvT n-X-ambn iq{Z-Pm-Xn-bm-bn-
op. AXn- \m tZh-m-cpsS Iq-n An-bn-
s, An-tbmSp kw_-n Iw sNbvXnv temI-s,
I-^-e-s, Cn-p-p. a\p-jy-cpsS Iq-n {_m-
W-\n I^-es Cn-p-p. Fs-m kmm-
Xv{_w Cu {_m-Wmn cq]--fn-em-Wtm Bbn-
o-Xv. ]ns BcmtWm Bm-shp ]d-bp kz-
amb temIs Zin-msX Cu kmwkm-cn-I-amb temI-
n \nv {]K-an-p-thm, acn-p-pthm Ahs\, Adn-
b-sSm AXv-B kztem-Iw, A[y-b\w sN-s-Sm
thZ-tam, sN-s-Sm-sX-bp thsd Itam F{]-Imctam
A{]-Im-cw, `pPn-p-I-bn-. Cu kwkm-c-n C{]-Imcw
kz-tem-Is Adn-bm--h hfsc hen-b-Xm-bn-p
]pWy-Is sNp--Xm-bn-cp-mepw Ahs B
Iw HSp-hn bn-p-I-Xs sNp-p. kztem-I-
s- s D]m-kn--Ww. As\ BcmtWm kz- tem-
Is D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ahs Iw bn--bn-.
GtX-Xns\ Iman-p- pthm AXm-Xns\ Cu Bm- hn\n-
p-Xs krn-p-XmWv.
53. D] AtYm Abw hm Bm kthjm
`qXm\mw temIx, k bp-tlm-X n, bZy-P-tX
tX\ tZhm\mw temIx AY bZ-\p-{_qtX tX\
EjoWmw; AY bXv ]nXrt`ym \n]r-Wm-Xn, bXv
{] Pm- a n- - t X , tX\ ]nXr Wmw ; A Y b
\pjym hmk-b-tX, btZt`ym -f i\w ZZm-Xn,
tX\ a\p-j ymWmw; AY bXv ]ip- ` ykv X r
tWmZIw hn-Xn, tX\ ]iq\mw; bZ-ky-Krtl
jp izm]-Zm, hbmw-kym-IoS ]n]o-e n-Im`y D]-
Po-h-n, tX\ tXjmw temIx: bYm l ssh
kzmb temIm-bm-cn-n-an-t, tZhw sslhw hntZ
khmWn `qXm-\y-cn--an-n; XZzm GX ZznXnXw
aoamw-kn-X w.
Cu Bm-hv, {]Ir-X- \mb Ahn-Zzm Fm `qX-
pw, tZh-m apX ]n]o-en-I-I hsc-bp `qX-
 288

I s-mw, temI-am-Ip-p. t`mKy-am-Ip-p. Ah tlman- cn-p-p. Ah-\v, As\ hnNm-cn-p--h\v Irv\X K

p- -tX- tXm, bPn-p--tX-tXm, AXp-sImv tZh-mp Xmsg--d-bp hn[-n Dm-Ip-p. Chv Bmhv a\-
temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, kzm[ym-bs Ay-b-\w-sN-p-- p-X-s. Pmb hmm-Ip-p. {]P {]mW-\m-Ip-p. am\p-j-
tXtXm AXp-sImp Ejn-Ip temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, amb hnw Np-m-Ip-p. Fs-m, Np-p-sXm-
]nXr-mbn ]nw DZIw apX-bXp sImSp-p--tX- m-Wtm AXn-s\, am\p-j-hn--amb tKmhp apX-em-b-
tXm, {]Psb Cn-p--tXtXm AXp-sImv ]nXr- p Xns\ Adn-bp-Xv ssZh-amb hnw t{im{X-am-Ip-p.
temI-am-Ip-p. ]ns, a\p-jysc hkn-n-p--tX-tXm, Fs-m, t{im{Xw sImm-Wtm AXn-s\ ssZh-am-
Ahv Ai-\s Zm\w sNp--tXtXm AXp-sImv b hn-amb hnm-\s {ihn-p--Xv. Chv Iw
a\p-jyv temI-am-Ip-p, ]ns, ]ip-v ]ppw Bm-hp-X-s, icocw Xs. Fs-m ico- cw-sIm-m-
shhpw e`n-n- p- Xp GtXm, AXp-sImv ]ip- p Wtm Is sNp--Xv. CXv ]mvX-am-b- -A-p-
temI-am-Ip-p. Chs Krl--fn izm]-Z-fpw ]n- sImp \S-p b-am-Ip-p. tKmhp apX-em-bXv
Ifpw IoS-fpw ]n]o-en-I-Ifpw hsc-bp Pp-fpw D]- ]mvXa - m-Ip-p. ]pcp-j ]mvX- \m-Ip-p. CXv, I- km-
Po-hn- pp Fp-- tXtXm AXp- sImv Ahp temI- [- \hpw ^ehpw GsX-mtam CsXmw ]mvX- am-Ip- p. C{]-
am-Ip-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm Xs temI-n\v hn\m-i-an-m- Imcw B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah-\-hs\ ]mvX-am-Ip
bvasb Cn-p--Xv, A{]-Im-cw, Fm `qX-fpw Xm b- am-bn- m-Wp--Xm-tcm, Ah Cu PK- ns\ Fmw
k`qX-pw t`mKy-\m-sWv hnNm-cn- p- -h\v Acn- Bm-sh \ne-bn {]m]n-p-XmWv.
n-sb--hn-\m- i-an-m-bav -sb-- C-n-p-p. CXv, ta]-d
I- Bhiyw sNt- - h-bm-sW-p-- Xv, hnZn-X-hpw, Amw {_mWw
]-a-lm-b--{]-Ic - -W-n Adn-b-s-n-p--Xpw, Ah 55. D]-a - -{- bXv k]vXm-m\n ta[bm X]
Zm\-{]-I-c-W-n hnNm-cW sN-s-n-p--Xp-am-W.v km -f P\-b Xv ]nXm; GI- aky km[m-c Ww;
54. D]--B-s s-th-Z-a{K Ako-tZI Gh; tkm f- tZz tZhm-\ -` m-P -b Xv; {XoWym-t\ -f IpcpX;
Ima-b-X, Pmbmta kymXv; AY {]Pm-tbb; AY ]ip`y GIw {]mb-Xv; Xkvan kw {]Xn-
hnwta kymXv; AY I Iphob CXn jvTn-Xw, b {]mWnXn b \. IkvamZv Xm\n\n
GXm-hm sshImax; t\w \mtXm`qtbm obt -f Zyam-\m\n kZm? tbm ssh\m-
hnt-Xv. Xkvam-Z-t]y-Xtly ImIo Ima-b -tX, a-nXw thZ tkm -f an {]Xo-tI\; k
Pmbm ta kym ZY-{]-Pm-tb-b, hnw ta kym, tZhm-\ -] nKXn; k Du-ap-] -Po-h-Xn. CXn-
ZY-I-Ipho.-tb-Xn. k bmhZt]y-tXjm ta tmImx
ssIIw \ {]m]vt\m-\ y-I rv\ Gh Xmh- -
]nXmhv k]vXm-- sf ta[-sIm-pw-- m-\w-s Im-
\ytX Xtkym Irv\Xm; a\ Ghmkym -f -f
pw, X]-p-sIm-pw--Iw-sIm-pw, P\n-np FXv
m; hmKvPmbm; {]mWx {]Pm; Npm-\pjw
bpw- X-s. Ahsb shfn-s-Sp-p-hm t]mIp-p. Ah-
hnw; Np jm ln X ZzntX; t{im{Xw
bn B A--fn Hns\ Cu PK-n\p s]mXp-hm-
ssZhw; t{imt{XW ln XrtWmXn; Bss-
bn-p--Xm-n. cv A-sf tZh-msc `Pn-n-p. tZh-
hm-ky-I; B-\m-ln-IItcmXn; k Gj
mp \In. aqv A- sf X\n-bvmbn Iev]n-p.
]mvtXm-bx ]mvXx ]ipx ]mvXx ]pcpjx
Hcp As ]ip-mbn \In. AXn B ]ip-
]mvXanZw khw bZnZw InwNx XZnZw kh-
mbn \Inb A-n, {]mW\w sNp--Xpw,
am]vt\mXn, b Ghw thZ.
{]mW- tN- -tbmSp IqSm- Xpw Fmw {]Xn-jvTn-X- am-bn-cn-p-
BZyw, Zmc-kw-_-- n\p apv CXv Bmhp am{Xw p. Ftmgpw AZn--s-Sp B A- Fp-sIm-
Bbn-cp-p, Ah GI am{X-am-bn-cp-p. B Bmhv mWv bn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv? BcmtWm Cu A- b-n-
Imanp: ""F\nv Pmb-bp-m-I-Ww, ]ns F\np {]P- \p Imc-Ws Adn-b p- -X v, Ah {]m[m-t\y\
\n- Ww; ]ns F\np hn-ap- m-I -Ww, ]ns As AZn-p-p, Ah tZh-msc A]n-K-an-p-p-
F\np Iw sNWw'' Fv Imaw C{Xbpta Dq. - tZ-hm-- `m-hs {]m]n-p-p. Ah Du-s-- A-
C, Cn-m-epw, CXn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn e`n-p-I-bn-. ar-X- s- -D-]-Po-hn-p-p. Fv tmI---a-{- --]-d-
AXp-sImv B hnZzm\pw Iman-bp-amb Bmhp app bp-p.
Iman--Xp-s Imv Cm-epw GIm-In-bm-bn-p--h
56. D] ""bXv k]v X m- m- \ n- t a- [ bm X]km -f
"F\np Pmb-bp-m-IWw; ]ns F\np {]P-\n-Ww;
P\bXv ]ntX'' Xn-ta-[ bm ln X]km f- P\-
]ns F\np hn-ap-m-IWw; ]ns F\np Iw
bXv ]nXm. ""GI-aky km[m-cW anXn CZta
sN-Ww.' Fv Iman-p-p. Ah FXp-hsc Ch-bn,
hmky XXv km[m-c-W-a-w bZn-Z-a-ZytX; k f-
ta]-d Pmbm-Zn-I-fn, Hmtcm-n-s\-tmepw {]m]n-m-
b GX-Zp-] mkv tX \ k ]m]va t\m hymh
Xn- cn-p- pthm AXp-hsc Xm AIr-v\-\m-sWv hnNm-
N P

I tX; an{kw tlyXXv ""tZztZ-hm-\-`m-Pb'' ZnXn-
-lpXw N {]lpXw N. XkvamZv tZtht`ym Pq
lzXn N {]NPq lzXn. AtYm BlqZi
]q- a mkm hnXn. Xkv a m- t - n- b m- P qIw
kymXv. ""]ip`y GIw {]mb'' ZnXn-X - Xv ]bx.
Xtbm tly amt{K a\p-jym ]i-h-tm-]P - o-
hn; XkvamXv Ipam-cw-PmXw JrXw sshhmt{K
{]Xn-telbn; kvX \w hm - f \p[m-] -b - n.
AY-hw PmXamlpc XrWmZ CXn. ""Xkvan
kw {]Xn-jvTnXw b {]mWnXn bt\'' Xn-
]-bkn lZw khw {]Xn-jvTnXw b {]mWnXn
b \. XZyZnZamlpx kwh-cw ]bkm Pqlz-
Z] ]p\rXypw Pb-Xo-Xn, \ XYm h ZymXv;
bZ-l-tc-hq tlmXn, XZlx ]p\r-Xyp-a-]-
P-b-tXyhw hnZzm; kw ln tZtht`ym -f
mZyw {]b-X - n. ""IkvamXv Xm\n \o-bt -
f Zyam- \ m\ n k ttZ X n ] pc ptj m hm
AnXnx klo-Z-aw [nbm [nbm P\-btX
In`nxN bss-X IcymXv otbX l
""tkm - f a n {] X otIt\ '' X n - a pJ w
{]XoIw; aptJ-t\-tXy-XXv ""ktZhm-\-]n-K-Xn;
k DuP-ap-]-Po-hXn Xn {]iw-km.
b-]vXm. ]nXm. Fp a{-n ]d-n-cn-p--
Xns\ hymJym-\n-pp: ]nXmhv ta[-sImpw X]-p-
sImpw BWtm P\n-n--Xv. ""GI-a-ky-km-[m-cWw''
F-Xns Aw ]d-bpp: GXmtWm Cu AZn--
s-Sp--Xv, CXp-X-s- bm-Wv, Cu PK-n\v s]mXp-hmb B
Aw. BcmtWm Cu s]mXp-hmb As D]m-kn-p-
Xv Ah ]m]vam-hn\nv \nhn--bn-. Fs-
m Cu Aw an{i-amIpp Ahn-`--am-Ip-p. tZz tZ
hm\-`m-P-bX F-Xn ]d cv A- lpXhpw
{]lp-X-hp- am-Ip- p. AXn- \m tZh- mmbn tlman- bpw
{]tlm-an-bpw sNp-p. ]ns tZh-mp sImSp
A- Zi-]qam-k--fm-sWv Nne ]d-bp-p.
AXn- \m Imay- - fmb Cn-I-sf-smp bPn- p ioe-
ap--h\ - mbn Ccn--cp-Xv. ]ip-mbn Hcp As
\In Fp ]d-p-htm: AXp ]b-m-Ip-p. Fs-
m, a\p-jycpw ]ip-fpw BZyw ]b-n-s\-s D]-
Po- h n- p- p. AXn- \ m , P\n Ipam- c s\ BZyw
LrXss {]Xn-te-l\w sNn- bpw ]noSp
kvX\s ]m\w sNn-bpw sNp-p. ]ns P\n
hs {]mb-s-n ]pp XnpXpS-m--sXv ]d-bp-
p, ""bkvan khw.... b\'' F a{-]-Z-ns
hymJym-\ w-G -X mtWm {]mW\w sNp- Xv AXpw
GXmtWm {]mW\w sNm-Xv AXpw CsXmw ]b-n-
em-Wtm {]Xn-jT v n-X- am-bn-cnpXv. AXn-\m ""Hcp kwh-
cw ]b- p- sImv tlman-p- sIm-n-cp-m, ]p\ar- Xyp-
hns\ Pbn-p-p.'' Fn-s\ ]d-bp--Xns\ A{]-Imcw
[cncp-Xv. ]ns-tbm, GXp Znh-k-n-emtWm tlman-p-
N P
289
Xv B Znh-kw-Xs C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h ]p\ar- K
Xyp-hns\ Pbn-p-p. Fs-m tZh-mmbn Fm
Am-Zy-tbpw As\ tlman-p--h \Ip-p.
Ftmgpw AZn--s-Sp B A- bn-m-Xv
Fp- sIm- m-sWp tNmZn- -Xn- \p-cw ]d- bpp: Aw
bn-m--Xn\p ImcWw ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Fs- m
Ah-\mWv Cu As hopw hopw P\n-n-p--Xv.
""tbm ssh\m-a-nX thZ'' Fp ]d--Xn An-Xn--
Aw bn-m- -Xn\p ImcWw ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p. Fs-
m Ah-\mWv Cu As Atm-g- tm Dm-Ip
{]-sImpw I--sf-smpw P\n-n- p-- Xv. CXn-
s\- Cu Atm-ev]m- Z-\s Ah sNm-Xn- cn-p- - ]w
Aw bn-pw. ""tkm f- a-n-{]-Xn-tI\'' Fp ]d-
- Xn {]XoIsaXv apJ-am-Ip- p. {]Xo- IwsImv F-
Xns Aw apJw-sImv Fm-Wv. Ah tZh-msc
A]n-K- an-p-sapw Ah Aar-Xs D]-Po-hn-p-sapw
]d-Xv {]iw-k-bm-Ip-p.
57. D] ""{XoWym-t\ -f IcptX'' Xn, at\m, hmNw,
{]mWw, Xm\ym- t\ - f Icp- X . A\y{Xa\m
A`q-h w. \ml-a- Ziw; A\y- {X-a\m A`q-h w,
\ml- a - { iu- j - a n- X n. a\km tlyh ]iyXn;
a\ k m i r tW m- X n. Imax, k - e vt] m,
hnNnInm, {im -f {im, [rXn, c[r-Xn, ldo
o, `ocn-tXy-XXv khw a\ Gh. XkvamZ]n
]rjvTX D]-k v] rtm a\km hnPm\mXn bx
I i_vtZm-hm-tKh km. Gj ly-ambm;
Gjm lnX, {]mtWm -f ]mt\m, hym\, DZm\x,
kamt\m f- \ CtXy-XXv khw {]mW Gh.
GX-tbm hm Ab-am- m, hmMva tbm, at\m-
abx {]mW-abx
""{XoWym-t\ f- IcpX'' F-Xn, aq-- sf
Bm-hn-\mbn Iev]np Fp ]d-bp-Xv a\-n-t\-bpw,
hmn-\-bpw, {]mW-t\-bp-am-Ip-p. Ah-sb-B at\m-hmIv
{]mW-- sf--B-m-hn-\mbn ]nXmhp Iev]n-p. Rm asm-
n {]th-in a\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-bn-cp-p: ""Rm
In'' Fp ]d-bm-dp-v. a\-p-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv
ImWp-Xv: a\-p-sIm-mWv tIp--Xv. Imaw--kv{Xo-
kw-k-n-\p A`n-em-jw, k-e] v w--A-dn-hns]-Sp
hnj-b-sf ip-\o-em-Zn-t`-tZ\ hnI-ev]n-, hnNn-In---
kw-i-b-cq-]-amb m\w, {i--A-Zr--{]-tbm-P-\--fmb
I--fn-epw, tZh-Xm-Zn-I-fn-ep-ap BkvXn-Iy-_p-n--A-
{i---{i-bvp hn]- co- X-amb _pn, [rXw--[m-c-W-- i-cocw
apX-em-bXv Xf-cp-tm Xmn-\np-I, [rXn-bn-mbva
lvdo-e-, [o-{]-, `o- `-bw, Fn-s\ D-sXmw
a\-p-X-s--a -\-ns cq]-t`-Z- X-s . AXn-\ m
]nh-iv kv]in--s--h-\m-bn- cp- mepw a\-p-sImv
Adn-bp-p. GXp i_vZ-am-bn-cp-mepw AXp hmp-X-s.
Cu hmv A-s--A-\n-bs Bb--bm-bn-
cn- p-p- -A-\p-K-an-p-- Xm-bn- cn-p- p. Cu hmv asm- n-

I \m {]Im-in-n--s-Sp--X-. {]mW, A]m-\, hym\,
DZm-\, kam-\, A\ Fn-sXmw {]mWX-s. Cu
Bm-hv--A-hn-th-In-I Bm-sh--`n-am-\np-, Imcy-
I-c-W-k-MvLm-X-cq-]-amb Cu ]nw Ch-bpsS B[n-Iy-
ap-X- m-Ip-p. hmMva-bhpw at\m-a-bhpw {]mW-a-b-hp-am-
Ip-XmWv.
58. D] {Xtbm temIm X Gh. hmtK- h mbw
temtIm at\m--cn--temIx, {]mtWm f- sku
temIx
aqp temI---`q, `qh kz Fo aqp temI-
Ch-X-s-Cu hmMva\x {]mW- Xs. Cu
temIw hmp-X -s bmIpp. Cu temIw hmp-X -
sbmWv. a\v A-co--tem-I-am-Ip-XmWv. {]mW
At-tem-I-am-Ip-XmWv.
59. D] {Xtbm-thZm GX Gh; hmtK-htKztZm,
at\m bPqthZx, {]mWx kma-thZx
aqp thZ- Cu hmMva\x {]mW- X-s. hmp-
Xs EtKz-Zw. a\v bPqth-Z-am-Ip-p. {]mW kma-
th-Z-am-Ip-p.
60. D]--tZhmx, ]nX-tcm, a\pjym GX Gh, hmtKh
tZh, \x ]nXcx {]mtWm a\pjymx
tZh-mcpw ]nXr-fpw a\p-jycpw Cu hmMva\x {]mW-
Xs. hmp-Xs tZh-m. a\p ]nXr--fm-Ip-
p. {]mW a\p-jy-\m-Ip-p.
61. D] ]nXm, amXm, {]ssPX Gh: a\ Gh ]nXm,
hmMvam-X m, {]mWx{]Pm
]nXmhpw amXmhpw {]Pbpw Cu hmMva\x {]mW-X-
s. a\-p-Xs ]nXm-hv. hmp amXm-hm-Ip-p. {]mW
{]P-bm-Ip-p.
62. D] hnm- \ w, hnPn- m-k y, ahn- mX
taX Gh; bXv Inw N hnmXw hmN-kvX{Zq
]w; hmKvL n-hn-m-X m, hmtK\w XZv` qXzm -f
h-X n.
Adn-bs - -Sp--Xpw, Adn-bp-hm-\n-n--s-Sp-Xpw Adn-
b- s- Sm--Xpw, Ch- X-s Cu at\m- hm- I{v ]m- W-X-s.
GsX- m-am-tWm, Adn-b-s--Xm-bn-c n-p-Xv AsXmw
hmns cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs-m hmv Adn-b-s--Xm-
Ip-p. hmv B Adn-b-s hkvXp-hm-bn-ov, Ch-s\-
Cu hmKzn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--hs\ cn-p-p.
63. D] bXv InwN hnPn-mkyw a\-k -k vX {Zq
]w at\mln hnPn-mkyw; a\ G\w XZv`q
Xzm f- h-X n.
GsX-m-amtWm Adn-bp-hm Cn--s- Sp-Xv AXv a\- Ip-p. B N{\pw A{Xbpw ]cn-am-W-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-
ns cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs- m a\v Adn-bp-hm Cn- Ip-p. Ch Fmw ka--fm-Ip-p. Fmw A\---fm-
N P
290
-s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. a\v B Adn-bp-hm-\n-n--s-Sp K
hkvXp-hm-bn-ov B at\m-hn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--hs\
cn-p-p.
64. D] bXv InwNm hnmXw {]mWky X{Zq]w;
{]mtWmly hnmXx: {]mW G\w XXv `qXm
-f hXn.
GsX-m-amtWm Adn-b-s-Sm--Xm-bn-cn-p-Xv Ah
{]mWs cq]-am-Ip-p. Fs- m {]mW Adn-b-s-Sm-
-Xm-Ip-p. {]mW B Ahn-m-X-am-bn-ov Ch-
s\, Cu {]mW-hn-`q-Xnsb Adn-bp--h-s\, cn-p-p.
65. D ] X s s k y hmN x ] r Y nho i c o- c w ,
tPymXoc q] - a - b - a nx; XZym- h - t X yh hmIv
XmhXo ]rYnho; Xmhm \b-anx.
B hmn\v icocw ]rYn-hn-bm- Ip- p. {]Im-im--I-amb
ImcWw ]mn-h-amb An-bm-Ip-p. AXn hmv
F{X-tm-f-aptm ]rYn-hnbpw A{X-tmfw Xs- bp-v.
Cu ]mn- hm-nbpw A{X- tm-f-ap-v.
66. D]-A - -ssY-Xky a\tkm Zyu; icocw; tPymXo
cq- ] - a -k m-h m- Z nXpx XZym- h -t Zh a\- k v X m- h Xo
Zyux; Xmam-\ -k m-h m-ZnXyx Xu anYp\w kssa
Xmw; XXx{]mtWm -f Pm bX: k C{x; k
Gtjm -f k]Xv\x; ZznXo tbm ssh k]Xvt\
`h-Xn. \mky-k-]Xvt\m `hXn b Ghw thZ.
]ns Cu a\-ns icocw tZymhm-Ip-p. {]Im-im-
- I-amb IcWw B BZn-Xy-\m-Ip-p. AXn a\v F{X-
tm-f-ap-tm, tZymhpw A{X-tm-fw-X-s-bp-v. B
BZnXy\pw A{Xtmf-ap-v. Ah--A-ym-Zn-Xy- m-cm-Ip
hmpw a\pw anYp-\-s- -]-c-k] v -c-kw-ks {]m]n-
p. AXn\nv {]mW Dm-bn. Ah--B {]mW
C{-\m-Ip-p, ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Ip-p. Ch Ak-]-Xv\-am-Ip-
p--F-Xn-cmbn Bcpw Cm--h BIp-p. k]-Xv\
cm-a-sXm-cp--\m-W-tm. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-
Xv Chv k]-Xv\-- F- Xn-cmfn Dm-I-bn-.
67. D] AssY- X ky {]mWkym -f f ]x icocw;
tPymXo cq]a ku N{x; XZym-am-t\-h-{]mW
kvXmhXy B]x; Xmhm\ ku N{x; X GtX
k Gh kamx; kt -f \mx. k tbm
s s l X m- \ hX D ] mk vtX - f h w
ktemIw Pb-X n. AY tbm sslXm-\ - - \ p-
]mkvtX -f \w ktemIw Pb-Xn.
]ns, Cu {]Ir-X-amb {]mPm-]X - y--amb {]mW\v
icocw Ap-I-fm-Ip-p. tZymXn-cq-]-amb IcWw B N{-
\m-Ip-p. AXn, {]mW F{X ]cn-am-W-ap-X - m-Ip-
pthm Ap-Ifpw A{Xbpw ]cn-am-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bm-

I Ip-p. BcmtWm Chsb Aap--h-bmbn D]m-kn-p-
-Xv, Ah A-ap temIs Pbn-p-p. ]ns
BcmtWm Chsb A\-- -fmbn D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah
A\--amb temIs Pbn-p-p.
68. D]-k Gj kwh-cx {]Pm-]Xnx tjmUi
Iex, Xky cm{Xb Gh ]-Zi - -Iemx; {[pssh
hmky tjmU-i o-I em; k cm{Xn-`n-tchm f- f N
]qcytX f- ] N ob-tX. tkm f- amhmkymw
cm{Xn taXbm tjmUiym Iebm k-anZw
{]mW-` r-Z\p {]hniy XXx {]mX PmbtXy
Xkvam tZXmw cm{Xnw {]mW-`rXx {]mWw \ hnn-
ym-Z]n IrIemk ssk Xkym Gh tZh-Xmbm
A]- N n-s sXy.
A-s\bp Cu {]Pm- ]Xn ]Xn-\mdp Ie- -tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb
kwh--c-am-Ip-p. Ahs ]Xn-\p Ie-I cm{Xn-I
Xs BIp-p. Cu kwh--cm--I-\mb {]Pm]-Xn-bpsS
]Xn-\m-dm-as Ie \nXy-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Ah cm{Xn-I-
sf-smp Xs B]q- \m-hp-Ibpw bn-p-t]m- Ibpw
sNp-p. Ah--Im-em-m-hmb B {]Pm-]Xn Idp
hmhp-m cm{Xnbn Cu {]mWn-h-I-Isf Fmw A\p-
{]-th-in-n-v, A\-cw ASp Znhkw cmhnse P\n-p-
p. AXn-\m, Cu cm{Xn-bn, Cu tkma-tZ- h-X- bp- sS-Xs
]qP-bvmbn {]mWn-bp-sS-- Hcp {]mWn-bp-sSbpw Hmns
t]mepw--{]m-Ws\ hnt-Zn--cp-Xv--\-in-n--cp-Xv.
69. D]-tbm ssh k kwh-cx {]Pm-]Xnx tjm
U i - I te m - f btah k tbm - f bta hw
hnXv] pcpjx; Xky hn-tah ]-Z-i -I emx
Bss hmky- t jm- U io Iem; k hnt
ss\hm -ff N ]qcytX f- ] N nb-tX. XtZ
X`yw bZ-b amm; {][nnw; Xkvam-Zy- Ftm- gmtWm acn-p- hm t]mIp--h-\mbn hnNm- cn-p- Xv
Zy]n k-Pym\nw Pob-X, B\m tN oh- Atm ]p{X-t\mSv ]d-bp-p ""\o {_-amWv; \o b-
Xn, {][n\m -f KmZn tXyhm -ff lpx
]Xn-\mdp Ie- I-tfm- Sp-Iq-Snb B kwh--c- am- Ip {]Pm-
]Xn BcmtWm Ah ChX-s-bm-Wv, C{]-Imcw Adn-
bp Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah, Ahv ]Xn-\p Ie-
I hnw-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Ahv ]Xn-\m-dm-as Ie
ico- cw Xs. Ah hnw-sIm-p- Xs B]q-\m-hp-
Ibpw bnp t]mIbpw sNp-p. Cu ico-cs - a-Xp
GtXm CXv \m`n- bpsS m\- p--Xm-Ip- p. tKm apX-
em-bXp cY-N-{I-ns t\an-bpsS m\-p-X - m-Wv.
AXn-\m Fmw bn-mepw, ico-cw-sImp Pohn-p
]w ""_mly-amb ]cn-hmcw sImt oWn-n-pq''
Fp ]d-bp-p.
70. D]-A
- -Y, {Xtbm hmh temIm, a\pjy-temIx,
]nXr- t emIm tZh- t emIm CXn. tkm - f bw
a\pjy temIx ]p{X-s sW-h -P -tm, \mt\y\
IWm; IWm ]nXr-tem-Im, hnZy-bm-tZ-h-
N P
291
temIx tZhtemtIm ssh tem Im\mw t{ijvTx; K
Xkvam-ZznZymw {]iw-k
- n.
a\p-jy-tem-Iw, ]nXr-tem-Iw, tZh-temIw Fv temI-
aqp- X- s. Cu a\p- jy- temIw ]p{X- s\- sm-p- Xs
Pbn- -s-tS- - Xm-Ip- p, km[n- - s- tS-- Xm- Ip-p. asm-
p-sIm-pw, AXm-bXp Iw sImtm hnZy-sIm-tm,
Pbn--s-Sm-hp--X-. ]nXr-temIw Iw-sImp Pbn--
s-tS-- Xm-Ip-p. tZh-temIw hnZy-sImp Pbn--s-tS-
- Xm-W.v temI--fn hv t{ijvT- am-bn-p-Xv tZh-tem-
I-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m hnZysb {]iw-kn-p-p.
71. D]- - A - Y mXx kw{]nx- bZm ss{]jy
a\ ytX - f Y ] p{X - a ml X zw {_ , X zw
bmkvXzw temI CXn. k ]p{Xx {]Xym-lm,
lw {_m, lw btm f- lw temI CXn
bssZz Inw Nm\qw, Xky kky {_t-
tXy-I-Xm. tb ssh tIN bm, kvtXjmw
kthjmw b CtXy IXm; tb ssh tI
N temIm, kvtXjmw kthjmw temI-Ct- Xy-
IXm; GXm-hZzm CZw khw; GXm khw
k-b-antXm f- `p\-P -Zn-Xn. XkvamXv ]p{X-a\p-
inw temIy-amlpx; Xkvam-tZ\ a\p imk-Xn.
k b ssZhw hnZ-kvam-tm-ImXv ss{]XyssY-`n-
tch {]mssWx kl ]p{X-am-hn-i-Xn. AY bZy-
t\-\ -I nw-N n-Z-v W bm -f IrXw `h-X n, Xkvam-
tZ\w kh-kvamXv ]pt{Xm-ap- Xn; Xkva mXv
]pt{Xm \ma kx. ]pt{X-ssW-hm-kvan temI
{]XnXn-jvT-Xn, AssY\ tatX ssZhmx {]mWm
AarXm Bhn-i-n.
CXn-\p-ta k{n F Iw ]d-bs - -Sp-p.
amWv \o temI-amWv'' Fv. B ]p{X Dcw ]d-bp-p
""Rm {_-am-Wv. Rm b-amWvb Rm temI-am-
Wv'' Fv. A[y-b\w Fs-m-amtWm AXn\v Fm-
n\pw {_-sa-p ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--s-
n-cn-p-p. b- Fh-sb-m-amtWm Ah-b-s-m-
n\pw b-sa-p ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--s-
n-cn-p-p. temI- Fh-sb-m-amtWm Ah-bvsmw
temIw Fp ]Z-n GIXzw hnh-n--s-n-cn-p-
p. ""CsX-mw-- Kr-l- sNt--sXmw C{X-tmfw
am{Xta Dq. Cu ]p{X CsX-m-am-bnv Fs Cu temI-
n \nv ]menpw'' FmWv ]nXm-hns A`n-{]m-bw.
AXn-\m A\p-im-kn--s-n-p ]p{Xs\ temIy-s\v
]d-bp-p. AXn-\m Chs\ ]p{Xs\ A\p-im-kn-p-p.
C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--k - w-{]-nsb sNbvXn-p Ah--
]n-Xmhv Ftm Cu temI-n\nv Kan-p-p-thm,
acn-p-p-thm, Atm CtX-{]m-W- -tem-Sp-Iq-sS-s
]p{Xs\ Bth-in-p-p. Ch-\m Fs-nepw Hcp aqe-
 292

I bn D Hcp sNdnb ]gp-tXm-f-sa-nepw AIr-X-am-bn-- s tNn-cn-p-p. Ah-s\--{]-P-m-]-Xy-amb ]Z-n K

sN--s-Sm--Xmbn Dm-bn-cp-m, AXn\m Fm- hn- p B {Xymm- -Zinsb ]pWyw am{Xta {]m]n-
nepw \nv Ch-s\-Cu ]nXm-hns\ B ]p{X tamNn-n- -bpp; tZh-msc ]m]w- -]m-]-^- ea
- mb ZpxJw {]m]n--
p-p. AXn-\m BWv ]p{X Fp t]cp-- h-\m-bn-cn- bn--X-s.
p--Xv. Ah ]p{X-s\-smp Xs Cu temI-n
75. D]- -A -Y mtXm {hX- ao- amw-k m- -{ ]-P m-] -X nln
{]Xn-jvTsb {]m]n-p-p. A\-- cw-- kw-{]-n-p-tijw
ImWn k krtP; Xm\n krm-\yt\ymt\y
Cu ]nXm-hns\ ac-W-kz-`m-ha- n-m, tZh-kw-_-n-If - m-
\m - f kv] . hZn- j ymtay hml- a nX n
b--ln-c-Wy-K`s\ kw_- n--Cu {]mW- Bth-in-
hmKvZt{[ ; {Z ymay l - a nX n N px;
p-p.
t{imjymay lanXn t{im{Xw; Gh- a - \ ym\n
72. D]- -] r-Y nsshy ssN\-a- t ssZho hmKm ImWn bYm-I Xm\n arXypx {itam `qtXzm-
hni-Xn. km ssh ssZho-hm-Kv, bbm bZy-tZh ]-tbta; Xm\ym]vt\mXv; Xm\ym]vXzm arXyp-hm-
hZ-Xn, XXv XXv `h-Xn. cp- . Xkv a m- v d may tXyh- h mIv ; {ima- y Xn
Npx; {imayXn t{im{Xw. AtY-a-tah \m -f-f
]rYn-hn-bn \npw An-bn\npw ssZhn-bmb
]v t \m, tZym - f bw a[ yax {] mWx. Xm\n
hmv Ch-s\--kpw{]-nsb sNbvXn-cn-p--h-s\-- B-th-
mXpw c{[n-tc. Abw ssh \x t{i, jvtTm,
in-p-p. GXp hmp-sImv ]d-bp--sXmw A-s\-
bx k-cw-mkcwm \ hyY tX f- tYm
Xs `hn-p-pthm B hmmWv ssZhn-bm-bn-p--Xv.
\cn-j y-X n. lm-s skyh kt-c q-] -a- ` -h .
73. D] Znh-ss-\ -am-Zn-X ym ssZhw a\ Bhn Xkvam-tZX GtX\m f- -f Jymbt {]mWm CXn.
iXn; XssZz ssZhw at\m, tb\m f- f \tyh tX\ l hmh X Ipem-am-N--tX, bkvan
`h-XytYm \ timN-Xn. Ipte- `-hXn b Ghw thZ. b D sslhw hnZm
tZymhn\npw BZn-Xy-\n\npw ssZh-amb a\v kv]tX f- \p ipjyXn; A\p-ipjy sslh
Ahs\ Bth-in-p-p. GXp a\-p-sIm- mtWm B\-- -f tXm-{an-b-tX. CXy-[ym-w.
ap-h
- Xs Bbn-cn-p-Ibpw timNn-m-Xn-cn-bpw A\-cw {hX-ao-amwk ]d-b-s-Sp-p--{]-Pm-]-Xn, {]P-
sNp-Xp AXp-X-s-bmWv ssZh-amb a\-.v I-f psS {kmhv I- - s f-h m- K m- Zn- I - f mb I-
74. D] AZv`y-ss\w N{-a-k ssZhx {]mW p Ic-W--sf--kr-n-p. krn--s Ah
Bhn-i-Xn. k sshssZhx {]mtWm, bx kcw Xn kv]n-p--a--cn-p. ""Rm hZn-p-I-Xs
mk-cw \ hyYtX -f tYm \ cnjy-Xn. sNpw'' Fv hmv {hXw ]nSn-p. ""Rm Zinpw''
k Ghw-hnXv kthjmw `qXm-\m-amm `hXn; Fp Npp hmin ]nSn-p. ""Rm {ihnpw'' Fp
b Ghw-hnXv kthjmw `qXm-\m-amm `hXn; t{im{Xw {hXw [cn-p. Cs\ ap I- fpw AXm- Xns
b ss Y j m tZh- s s X hw k x. bs s YX mw I-n-\-\p-k-cnp {hXw ]nSn-p. Ahsb arXyp {ia-am-
tZhX mw k hmW n ` qX m- \ y- h - t yhw bn-op D]-b-an-p, kw{K-ln-p. B hmKm-Zn-Isf arXyp
sslhwhnZw khmWn `qXm-\y-h-n. bZp-Inw- {]m]n-p. Ahsb {]m]n-nv arXyp Ah-tcm-[n-p. Ahsb
tNamx {]Pmx timN- y- s sahm -f f kmw XZv kz I--fn \np sXn-p. AXn-\m, hmv Xf-cp-I-
`hXn ]pWytahmapw K-Xn. \ l ssh tZhm Xs sNp- p- kz I- - f n\np sXpp.
]m]w K-Xn. Nppw Xf-cp-p. t{im{Xhpw {im-am-bn-o-cp-p.
Fm, Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mW GtXm Chs\ am{Xw
Ap-I-fn\npw N{-a-\ -n\npw ssZh-amb arXyp {]m]n-n-. B hmKm-Zn-I-fmb ap Ic-W- Adn-
{]mW Chs\ Bth- in- p- p. GXp {]mW- \mtWm k- bp- -Xn-\v--apJy {]mWs\ Adn-bp--Xn\v a\-p-h -p.
cn-p-- Xm- bmepw k-cn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xm-bmepw hyYn-m- ""BcmtWm k-cn-p--h\ - m-bmepw k-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-
Xn-cn-bpw hn\m-is {]m]n-m-Xn-cn-bpw sNp--Xv, -h-\m-bmepw hyYn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw \in-m-Xn-cn-p-
AXmWv ssZh- amb {]mW. B {Xymm-- Zi- \s Adn- Ibpw sNp--Xv, A-s\-bp Cu apJy {]mW Xs-
bp-h--h Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw Bm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. bmWv \-fpsS Iq-n t{ijvT. Ctm \
Cu lnc-Wy-K`-tZ-h X GXp-{]-Im-c -tam, Ah-\ pw-B Chs cq]w Xs Bbn-o-c-Ww.'' Cs\ \n-bn-n-
{Xymm- -Zi-\ -th-Zn-b pw- -C -{]-ImcwXs. F{]-I m-c- v, Ah Fmw, hmKm-Zn-I Fmw Cu apJy-{]m-Ws
amtWm Cu lnc- Wy- K`- tZ-h-Xsb Fm `qX- epw Ah\w Xs cq]w Bbn-op. AXn-\m, Cu hmKm- Zn-I Cu
sNp--Xv- -]m-en-p--X v--]q-Pn-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw Cu {]mW-s\-sIm-v, {]mW- Fv A`n-[m\w sN-s-Sp-
{Xymm--Zis Adn-bp--h-t\bpw Fm `qX-fpw p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--Xv, Ah, B hnZzm,
]qPn-p-p. Cu {]P-I Fn-s\--n-bmtWm timNn-p- GXp Ipe-n P\n-n-cn- p-pthm B Ipes Ahs\
-Xp, AXv--tim-Im-Zn-\n-an--amb ZpxJw Ch-cpsS IqsS- sImp-Xs Bfp-I ]d-bp-p. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw

N P
 293

I Adn-bp--h-t\mSv kv]n-p-Xv Ah timjs {]m]n- ym-Zn-Ifpw hmKm-Zn-Ifpw Am-ev GXv hmbp-{h-X- K

p-p. A\p-tim-jn-n-p- Xs HSp- hn acn-p-p. Cs\ tbpw {]mW-{h-X-t-bp-amtWm [cn-Xv CXn-s\-s
B[ym-- amb {]mWm-- Zi\w ]d-b-s-p. Ctmgpw sNp-p. AXn-\m Hcp {hX-s- s A\p-
jvTn-- Ww. {]mWn-- bpw- -{]m-W- \-hym-]m-cs sNbvI-bpw-
76. D]- - A -Y m\n ssZh-X w- - P z- e njym tayhm-l an
-A-]m- \n-bpw sNWw. ""]m]vam-hmb arXyp Fs {]m]n-
XynZt{[; \]vkym-ay-l-an-Xym-Zn-tXym, `mkym
-cptX!'' Fp `b-sv B Hcp {hX-s--s, {]mW-
ayl-anXn N{amx Gh-a\ym tZhXm bYmssZ
{h-Xs Xs A\p-jT v n--Ww. A\p-jT v n-p-Xp-S-p-I-bm-
hXw. k bssYjmw {]mWm\mw a[yax {]W,
sW-n kam-]n-p-hm Cn--Ww. B {hXm-\p-jvTm-\w-
Gh-taXm \mw tZh-Xm\mw hmbpx. tmNn
sIm-v, Cu tZh-X-bp-sS-Cu {]mW-tZ-h-X-bpsS kmbq-Py-
ly\ym tZh-X m, \ hmbpx sskjm -f \kvX -
t-t bm-- G-Im--`m- ht- -t bm, kam-\-tem-IX - z-ttbm
anXm tZhXm bZzmbpx,
{]m]n-p-p.
A\-cw tZh-Xm-hn-j- b-amb Zi\w ]d- bpp:- ""Rm
Pzen-p-sIm-p-Xs Ccnpw'' Fv, An {hXw ]nSn- Bdmw {_m- W w
p. ""Rm X]npw'' Fp BZn-Xy-\pw, ""Rm {]Im-
79. D] {Xbw hm CZw, \ma, cq]w, I; tXjmw
inpw'' Fp N{\pw {]Imcw AXmXp tZh-X-Ip
\mav\ mw hmKntXy-X -t Z-j m-apIvY w; AtXmln
X-hw hnZypp apX-emb ap tZh-X-Ifpw hmin-]n-Sn-
khmWn \mam-\yp-n-jvTn; GX-tZ-jmw-kma;
p. Cu hmKm-Zn-If - mb {]mW--fpsS Iq-n B a[y-a-
GX- n- k sshm- a `nx kaw; GX- t Zjmw
\mb {]mW F{]-Im-ctam C{]-Im-c-am-Wv, Cu AymZn
{_; GXn khmWn \mam\n _n`n.
tZh-X-I-fpsS Iq-n hmbp Fs-m ap-tZ-hI -
AkvXs {]m]n-p-p. hmbp AkvXs {]m]n-p-n- CsXmw \maw, cq]w, Iw Fv aqp-X-s. Ah-
. hmbp F-tXtXm B tZhX AkvX-an-m--Xm-Ip-p. bn Cu \ma-hn-ti-j-v hmv Fp i_vZ-km-am-
\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Ww. CXn \nm-Wtm Fm \ma-
77. D] AssYj tmtIm `h-Xn
fpw Dm\w sNp--Xv Dm-Ip--Xv. CXv Cu hmv
C\n Cu tmIw Dv. Fp-Xv Cu \ma-hn-ti-j--fpsS kma-am-Ip-p-- km-am-
tm bX-tm-tZXn kqcyx AkvXw b{X \y-am-Ip-p. Cu i_vZ-km-am-\yw Fm \ma--tfmSpw ka-
N KXn am-Ip-p. Cu i_vZ-km-am\yw Cu \ma-hn-ti-j--fpsS
Xw tZhm--{Intc [w; k {_- am- Ip- p Bm- hm- Ip-p. Fs- m CXv Fm \ma-
GhmZy k D izx CXn. -tfbpw `cn-p-p.
bmsXmcp hmbp-hn\np {]mW-\n\nv kqcy 80. D] AY cq]m-W mw- - N - p- c n- tXy-X -t Z-j map
Npv DZn-bpw bmsXmcp hmbn-hn, {]mW-\n, IvYw; AtXmln khmWncq]m-Wyp-n-jvT-n.
AkvXs {]m]n-bpw sNp-pthm B [- s B GX- tZjmw kma; GXn kssh cqss]x
hmbp-{h-X-s, {]mW-{h-X-s, tZh-m Aym-Zn-I, kaw; GX-t Zjmw {_; GXn khmWn
hmKm-Zn-I sNbvXp. B [w-Xs Cpw tZh- m-cm cq]mWn _n`n.
A\p- hn- - s- Sp-p. AXp- Xs \msfbpw A\p-hn- C\n cq] hnti-j- p cq]-km-am-\y- n A`m-
-s-Spw. hs ]d-bpp: Cu cq]-p Np-s-p cq]-
78. D] ""bX-tm-tZXn kqtcym -f kvXw b{X N km-am-\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Ww. Fs-m, CXn\n-
K Xn'' CXn. {]mWmZzm Gj DtZ-Xn; {]mtW - mWv Fm cq]-epw Dm-Ip--Xv. CXv Cu cq]-km-
f kv X taXn. Xw tZhm- - { Intc [w k am\yw Cu cq]-hn-ti-j-fpsS kma- am-Ip- p. Fs-m
GhmZy k D izx. CXn bZzm GtX -f aply- CXv Fm cq]--tfmSpw ka-am-Ip-p. Cu cq]-km-am\yw
{[o-b-, XtZhm-]yZy Iph-n. Xkvam-tZ-I-tah Cu cq]-hn-ti-j--fpsS {_-am-Ip-p--B-m-hm-Ip-p.
{hXw NtcXv; {]mWym-ss-hm-]m-\ym; t\m Fs-m CXv Fm cq]--tfbpw `cn-p-p.
]m]vamarXyp cm]v\p hZn-Xn. bZyp Ntc-Xv, XXv 81. D]- - A Y Im- W mw- - B - t - t XyX tZjm-
kam]n]- b n- t j- X v . tXt\m GXssky tZh- apIvYw; AtXmln kwWn Im-Wyp-n-jvT-
Xmssb kmbqPyw ktem-IXmw Pb-Xn. n. GX-tZjmw kma; GXn k sshx I`nx
""bX-tm........-Xn'' F-Xns\ Npcp--n hymJym- kaw. GX-t Zjmw {_; GXn khmWn
\n-p-p-Cu kqcy {]mW-\n \nmWv DZn-p--Xv. ImWn _n`n, XtZ-X-{bw ktZI ab-
{]mW-\n-emWv AkvXs {]m]n-p--Xv. ""Xw tZhmizx'' am-m. Btm GIx kt-XXv {Xbw XtZX-Z-
F-Xns Asasp ]d-bp-p-Cu tZh-m--A- arXw ktXy\ w. {]mtWm hm AarXw; \ma-

N P

I cqt] kXyw; Xm`ym-abw {]mWivOx
C\n I- hn-ti-j - p I kmam-\y- n
A`m-hs ]d-bpp: Cu I-hn-ti-j - v
Bmhv Fp ]d-bp I-km-am-\y-amWv D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-
Ww. Fs- m CXn\n-mWv Fm I-fpw Dm-
Ip--Xv. Cu I-km-am-\y-amWv Cu I-hn-ti-j--fpsS 3. D] k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmku Nt{
kmaw. Fs-m CXv Fm I-hn-ti-j-tfmSpw ka-
am-Ip-p. Cu I-km-am\yw Cu I-hn-ti-j--fpsS
{_-am-Ip-p--B-m-hm-Ip-p. Fs-m CXv Fm
I-hn-ti-j - -tfbpw `cn-p-p. A-s\-bp Cu
\maw, cq]w, Iw F aqpw Hm-bnp Cu Bm-hm-
Ipp Imcy IcW kMvLm-X-cq-]-amb Cu ]n-am-Ip-p.
GI-am-bn-cn-p Cu Imcy-Ic - W kMvLmXw Cu \ma-
cq] I- aqpw Xs Cu AarXw kXy-m ad-
bv- s- n-cn-p-p. Aar-X-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW-\m-Ip-p.
kXy-sav ]d-bp-Xv \ma-cq-] - -f-s{X. Ah-bm Cu
{]mW ad--s-n-cn-p-p.
cm-a-ymbw
Hmw {_mWw
1. D]-Hmw Zr]vX _mem-In lm\q-Nmt\m KmKy .''
Bk. ktlm-hm-Nm-PmX i{Xpw Imiyw, {_
tX {_mhm-W o-X n. k tlm hmNm-P m-X -i {Xpx
kl{k taXkymw hmNn ZZvtam, P\tIm P\I
CXn ssh P\m-[m-h-o-Xn.
A\phN-\-k-a-\pw- -hm-n-bpw, Zr-]vX\pw _em-I-
bpsS ]p{X\pw Bb KmKy Fv tKm{X- \m-a-ap Hcp
{_m-W Dm-bn-cp-p-t]m. Ah Imin-cm-P-\mb
APmX i{Xp-hn-t\m-Sv, ""Atbvv Rm {_s ]d-
p-Xcmw'' Fp ]d-p-h-t{X. B APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p-
t]m: ""Cu hmp \nanw Bbncw ]ip-sf \mw Xcp-
p-v. P\- I P\- I (Zm- Xmhpw t{imXm- hpw) Fm- Wtm
P\- HmXp- -Xv'' Fv.
2. D] k tlmhmN KmKyx b Ghmkm hmZn
tXy ]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi - {Xpx amssa-X-kvan kwh-
Znjv T mx; AXnjv T mx kthjmw `qXm \mw
aqm cmtP-Xnhm Alta Xap-]mk CXn. k
b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX -f XnjvTmx ktjmw
`qXm\mw aqm, cmPm `h-Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BZn-Xy-\n D B ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-p-p.''
B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""thm, Cu {_-ns hnj-
b-n kwhm-Zn-bvt-- - A-p kwhm-Zs sNt-.
AXn-jvT-\pw--Fm `qX--sfbpw AXn-{I-anp nXn
sNp--h-\pw,--Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw aqm-hpw-- in-c-pw,
N P
294
cmPm-hpw--Zo]vXn KptWm-t]-X-\pw, Fp hnti-j--tfm- K
Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""BcmtWm
Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p--Xv, Ah AXn-jT v -\m-bpw,
Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw aqm-hmbpw cmPm-hmbpw `hn-p-
p.''
]pcp-j, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-] mk CXn. k
tlm hmNm-Pm-Xi - -{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhn-
ZnjvTmx; _rl, ]m-c-hmkmx, tkmam cmtP-
Xnhm Al-ta-Xa - p-]mk CXn. k b GXtah-ap-
]mkvtX -f lc-l l kpXx, {]kp- tXm, `h
Xn, \mkymw ob-tX.
B KmKy ]dp- ""N{- \n- ep B ]pcp- j Btcm
Ah-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m- kn- pp'' Fv. B
APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th Cu {_-ns hnj-b-
n Ap kwh-Zn-t; alm-\pw, ]-c-amb hmk-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, cmPmhpw Bb tkma Fp hnNm-
cnp Rm Cu ]pcp- j s\ D]m-k n- pp'' Fv.
""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ahv Znh-
kw-tXmdpw b-n tkmaw A`n-jT v X- ambpw hnIr-Xn-
I-fn {]kp-X-ambpw `hn-pw. Ch\v Aw bn--bn-
4. D]-k tlmhm-NK - mtKym, b Ghku hnZypXn
]pcpj GX-ta-h mlw {_tm-] mk CXn k
tlmhmNm PmX-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvTmx; tXP-kzoXn hm Atl-ta-X-ap-]mk CXn.
k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, tXPkzo l `hXn;
tXP-k zn-\o-Nmky {]Pm-`h
- Xn
B KmKy ]dp: ""hnZyp-n D B ]pcp-j
Btcm Ah-t\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th Cu {_-ns
hnj-b- n kwh-Zn-t-; tXPkzn Fv Rm Cu
]pcp-js\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-
Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah tXP-kzn-bmbn `hn-p-p.
Chs {]P tXP-kzn-\n-bm-bn-o-cp-p.''
5. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-amImti
]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm- N m- P m- X - i - { X p, m s saX - k van
kwhZnjvTmx, ]q-a-{]-hoXn hm Al-ta-
X- a p]mk CXn. k b GX- t a- h - ap- ] mkv t Xx
]qcytX {]Pbm ]ip-`n, mky-kvamtm ImXv
{]tPm-Z ztX.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BIm-i-n D ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-p-p.''
Fv B APm- X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b-n kwh-Zn-t-. ]q-hpw, {]hn- m--
Xpw--{In-b-bn-m-pw--Fv Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp''

I Fv. ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah
{]P-bmepw ]ip--fmepw ]q-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Chs
{]P Cu temI-n\nv DZzn--bn--- A-p-t]m-Ib
- n-
. Ah\v km-\-\miw hcn-I-bn-.''
6. D ]- k tl mhmN KmtKym, b G hmbw
hmsbu ]pcp-j, GX-ta-h mlw {_tm-]mk
CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-PmX i{Xpm ssaX-kvan
kwhZnjvTmx. Ct{m-ssh-IpWvtTm f- ]cm-P nXm
tkt\Xnhm Al-ta-Xa - p-]mk CXn. k b GX-
ta-h-ap]mkvtX, PojvWplm-]-am-Pn-jvWp`-h-
Xy\y XkvXyPmbo.
B KmKy ]dp: ""hmbphn D Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X- i{Xp ]dp: ""C{-\pw--]-c-ta-iz-c-\pw,
sshIp-WvT-\pw--A-{]-k-ly\pw A]-cm-Pn-X-bmb tk\bpw
Fv, Rm Chs\ D]m- kn- pp Fv. BcmtWm Chs\
C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-Xv Ah PnjvWp-hm-bpw--P-bi - o-
e-\mbpw tXmm--h-\mbpw k]-Xv\-mtc Pbn-p
ioe-ap--h-\mbpw Xocp-p.''
7. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-au
]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm-Nm-PmX i{Xpm, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvT mx hnjm- k -l n-c nXn hm Al- ta-X -ap- ] mk
CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX hnjm-k-lnl`
hXn; hnjm-k-lnlmky {]Pm-`h - -Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""An-bn-ep Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp:- ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b- n kwh-Zn-t; hnjm-kl - n--C-Sp lhn-
ns\ kln-p--h Fv Rm Cu ]pcp-js\ D]m-kn-
pp'' Fv ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]- Imcw D]m-kn-p- Xv
Ah hnjm-k-ln-bm-bn-- A-\y-msc kln-p- -h-\mbn
Xocp-p. Chs {]P hnjm-k-ln-bm-bn-o-cp-p.''
8. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-a]vkp
]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn. k
tlmhm-Nm-Pm-X-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-kvan kwhZn
jvTmx, {]Xn-cq] CXn hm Al-ta-\-ap-]mk CXn;
k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, {]Xn-cq]w sslssh
\a-\p-K--Xn, \m {]Xn-cq-]w, AtYm {]Xncqt]m
-f kvamm- tb-X .
B KmKy ]dp: ""Ap-I-fn D Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ch-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_-ns
hnj-b-n kwh-Zn-t-; {]Xn-cq-]-- A-\p-cq-]-- {ip- B KmKy ]dp: ""Znp-I-fn-ep Cu ]pcp-j
Xn-kav r-Xn-Ip A-{]-Xn-Iq-e Fp hnti-j-W-tm- Btcm, Ah-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ Fv. B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_- ns
C{]Imcw B D]m-kn-p-pthm Ahs\ A\p-cq-]-am-bn- hnj-b
N P
295
K
p--Xp-Xs A\p-K-an-p-p--{]m-]n-p-p. A\p-cq-]-a-m-
Xv {]m]n-p-n-. Ch-\n\np A\p-cq-]-am-bn-p--Xp-
Xs Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.''
9. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmb amZ
ti ]pcpj GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhmNm PmX-i-{Xp, m, ssaX-k van
kwhZnjvTmx tcmNn-jvWp-cnXn hm Al-ta-\-ap-
]mk CXn. k b Gh-ta-X -ap-] m-kvtX, tcmNn-
jvW pl `hXn; tcmNn-j vW plmky {]Pm-` -
hXn; AtYm ssbx kw\n-K-Xn khmw-kvXm-\-
Xntcm NtX.
B KmKy ]dp: ""BZi-n (I-m-Sn-bn)
D Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ch- s\-s Rm {_- ambn
D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. APm-X-i{Xp ]d-p. ""thm, Cu
{_-ns hnj-b-n kwhmZw sNt- . tcmNnjvWp
(Zo-]vXn-kz- `m- hw) F hnti- j- W- tm-Sp- Iq- Sn, Rm Chs\
D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn-p-
p-thm, Ah tcmNn-jW v p-hm-bn-o-cp-p. Chs {]P-
tcm-Nn-jvWp-hm-bn-o-cp-p. Fp am{X-a-, BtcmSp ASp-
p-pthm Ahsc Fm-h-tcbpw AXn-{I-anp {]Im-in-
bpw sNpw.''
10. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym b Ghmbw bXv\w
]mm-_vtZm f- \qtZ,--tXy-X-ta-hmlw {_tm
]mk CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi - -{Xp, m, ssa
Xkvan kwh-ZnjvTmx; Akp-cnXn hm Al-taX
ap]mk CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, khw
sslhm-kvan temI Abp-tcXn ss\Xw ]pcm
ImemXv {]mtWm Plm-Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""t]mIp--hs ]nmse
GsXmcp i_v-amtWm DZn-p-Xv AXn-s\-s Rm
{_- ambn D]m- kn- pp'' Fv. B APm- X-i{Xp ]dp:
""th, Cu {_-ns hnj-b - n kwhmZw sNt-
, Akp--Po-h\tlXp-hmb {]mW--F hnti-j-W-
tm-Sp-IqSn Rm CXns\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. CXns\
C{]-Imcw Bdv D]m- kn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu temI-n
apgp-h Bbp- n-s\bpw Xs {]m]n-p-p. Chs\ Ime-
n\p apv {]mW Dt]-n--bn-.
11. D]-k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghmbw `np
]pcp-j, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-] mk CXn. k
tlmhm-N m-Pm-X-i -{Xp,m ssaX-kv an kwh
ZnjvTmx ZznXotbm -f \]K CXn hm Al-ta-Xap
]mk CXn, k b GX-ta-h-ap-]m-kvtX, ZznXob
hm l `h-Xn, Xmkvam-ZvK-W-ivOn-Zy-tX.
- n kwhmZw sNt-. ZznXo-b, A\-]K -

I F hnti-j-W--tfm-Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. ""Chs\ C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah
klm-b-m D-h-\m-bn-ocpw Ch-\n\nv Iq-m
]ncn-p-t]m-Ib
- n-.''
12. D]- k tlmhmN KmtKym b Ghmbw Om
bmabx ]pcp- j , GX-t a-h mbw {_tm-] mk
CXn. k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi - -{Xpm, ssaX-kvan
kwh-ZnjvTmx; arXyp-cnXn hm Al-ta-Xap]mk
CXn. k b GX-ta-h-ap-]mkvtX khw sslhm-
kvan temI Bbp-tcXn; ss\\w ]pcmImem-
r-Xyp-c m-K-Xn.
B KmKy ]dp: ""Cu Ombm-a-b\ - mb ]pcp-j
GtXm Ah-s\-s Rm {_-ambn D]m-kn-pp''
Fv. B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""th, Cu {_- ns
hnj-b- n kwhmZw sNt-. arXyp F hnti-j-W-
tm-Sp-IqSn Rm Chs\ D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. ""Chs\ 16. D] k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi- -{Xp, cyss{X j GXXv
C{]-Imcw B D]m-kn- p-pthm Ah Cu temI- n
apgp-h Bbp-n-s\- s {]m]n-p-p. Ime-n- \p-apv ssIzj XZm f- `qXv?IpX GX-` m-KmXv? CXn.
Chs\ arXyp {]m]n--bn-.''
13. D] k tlmhmN KmtKym, b Ghm-b-am
\n ]pcpj, GX-ta-hmlw {_tm-]mk CXn.
k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- -{Xpm ssaX-kvan kwh-
ZnjvTmx B-\zocn hm Al- -ta-Xa
- p-]mk CXn.
k b GX-ta-h-ap-] mkvX B\zo l `h-X n.
B-\zo\n lmky-{]Pm `h-Xn. k l XpjvWn
amk KmKyx.
B KmKy ]dp: ""Bm-hn (-{]-Pm-]X - n-bn)
D Cu ]pcp-j Btcm, Ch- s\- s Rm {_-ambn
D]m-kn-pp'' Fv. B APm-i-i{Xp ]dp: ""th,
Cu {_X-ns hnj-b - n kwhmZw sNt;
Bm- thm- Sp-IqSnbh F hnti- j- W-tm-Sp- IqSn Rm
Chs\ D]m-kn- pp'' Fv, ""BcmtWm Chs\ C{]-Imcw
D]m-k n- p- Xv Ah Bm-h p- -h - \ m-b n- o-c pw.
Ahs {]P B- \zn- \n-bmbpw Xocpw.'' B KmKy anm-
Xn- cp- p.
14. D]-k tlm hmNm-Pm-Xi- {Xp; tcXm-hq? CXn.
GXm-h-o-Xn. ss\Xm-hXm hnZnXw `h-Xo-Xn. k
tlmhmN KmKy D]Xzm bm \oXn.
B APm-X- i{Xp ""C{X-bpta Dtm?'' Fp ]d-p.
""C{X-b pta Dq'' Fp KmKy adp-] Sn ]dp.
""C{Xbpw am{Xw-sImv {_w Adn-b-s--Xm-I-bn-.'' Fv
APm-X-i{Xp ]nsbpw ]d-p, ""At Rm D]-Ka
pp'' Fv KmKy ]d-p.
15. D] k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi
- {Xp; {]Xn-temaw ssN
XZv, bZv {_mWx {Xn-b-ap-t]-bmZv {_lv a
ta hy-XoXn; thyhXzm ]-bn-jymaoXn. Xw
N P
296
]mWm- h m-Z m- t bm u Xu l ]pcpjm K
kp]vX -am-P- Xpx; Xta-s sXm-` n-c m-a-{bmw
Nt{I_r-l, ]m-c-hmkx, tkma, cmPn
Xn. kt\m- - u. Xw ]mWn\m -f f t]jw
t_m[bmw NImc; ktlm-u
B APm-X- i{Xp ]dp: ""{_m-W, F\np
{_s ]d-p-Xcpw'' Fp hnNm-cnv {Xn-bs\ D]-
K-an-pI Fp-Xp GtXm CXv hn]-co-X-hp-am-W.v ""Rm
At hnm-]n-n--Xs sNmw'' Fv. At-ls
ssIbvp ]nSn-p-sImv cmPmhp Fgp-t-p. Ah cp-
t]cpw Dd-n- n-S ]pcp-js ASp- sNp. B ]pcp-
js\ "_rl--m-bn-p--ht\' "]m-c-hm-t' "tkma'
"cmPmth' F \ma--sf-smp Ba-{Ww sNbvXp--
hn-fn-p. Ah Fgp-t-n-. Ahs\ ssIsImp Bt]-
Ww sNbvXp sNbvXv DWn Ah Fgp-t-p.
kp]vtXm -f `qZy Gj hnm-\-abx]pcpjx
XZpl \ tat\ KmKyx.
B APm-X-i{Xp ]dp: ""Cu hnm-\-a-b- \mb ]pcp-
j Btcm Ch Ctm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-n-cp-
pthm Atm Ch FhnsS Bbn-cpp? Fhn-sS-\nv
CXn-s\--B-K-a-\-s- -B-K-anp?'' Fv. AXns\ KmKy
Adn-n-.
17. D]-k tlmhm-Nm-Pm-Xi - -{Xp, cyss{Xj GXXv
kp]vtXm f- `qZy Gj hnm-\-abx ]pcpj
kvXtZjmw {]mWm\mw hnm-t\\ hnm-
\-am-Zm-b, b Gtjm f- lr-Zb BIm-i-kvX-
kvan-RvtOtX Xm \nbZm KrlvWm-XyY sslXXv
]pcpjx kz]nXn \ma,x XZv , KrloX Gh
{]mtWm `hXn; KrloXw hmKv, KrloXw Np,
KrloXw t{im{Xw, KrloXw a\x.
B APm- X- i{Xp ]dp: ""Cu hnm- \- a-b-\mb ]pcp-
j Btcm Ch Ftm Cu kz]v\s kz]n-n-cp-
pthm Atm, hnm-\w-sIm- v-- AxIc-W-n-ep
A`n-hy--am-b, hnti-j-hn-m\wsImv Cu hmKm-Zn-I-
fmb {]mW--f psS hnm- \-s-- kz-hn-j-b--fn-ep-
kmays FSp-n-v, lrZ-bm-`m-K-n-ep Cu
{]Imiw GtXm AXn ibn-p-p. Ah-sb--hm-Km-Zn-I-
fpsS hnm-\-sf Ftm {Kln-p-pthm Atm
]pcp-j Cu kz]v\s kz]n-pp'' Fp ]d-bp-p.
Atm-B kzm]-Im-e-n {]mW--{Lm-tW-{nbw
- n-
{Kln-- s--Xm-bn--D- ]- kw- l- cn-- s--Xm-bn-o-cpp. hmp
{Kln-- s--Xm-bn-o- cp- p. Npv {Kln- - s--Xm-bn-o-
cp-p, a\p {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p.
18. D] k bss{X-XXv kz]v\ybm Nc-Xn, tX lm
kytemImx; XZp-tXh alm-cmtPm `hXn; DtXh
 297

I alm-{_m- Wx; DtX-thm-m-h Nw \nK--Xn. k hn-hn-[-ambn DZvK-an- p-p. B Bmhns D]-\n-j-v-- K

bYm alm-cmtPm Pm\ ]Zm KrloXzm tkzP\ A-Sp- Fn-p i_vZw kXy-ns kXyw F-
]tZ bYm-Imaw ]cn-ht ssXh-ta-sshj G Xm-Ip-p. kXy-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW- BIp-p.
XXv {]mW KrloXzm tkzi-cotc bYm-Imaw Ahbvp kXyw Cu Bm-hm-Ip-p.
]cn-h-tX.
Ah {]Ir-X-\mb Bmhv Ftm BtWm kz]v\-
cmw {_mWw
hr-n-sImv C{]-Imcw Ncn-p- -Xv, Atm Ah
Chs temI--fm- Ip-p- --I-^-e--fm-Ip-p. Ah-bn, 21. D] tbm l ssh inipw km[m\w k{]Xym
]t alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-tm-se-bpw, ]t alm-{_m--W-s\- [m\w kqWw kZmaw thZ, k]vX l Zznj
tm-sebpw Bbn-o-cp-p. D-ambpw (D-bpw) Ah-N- tXm {`mXr-hym-\-h-cp-W-n. Abw hm h inip
ambpw (Xm- gvpw) F-t]mse \nK-an-bpw sNp- p. AXv tcym -f bw a[yax {]mWx, Xtky-Z-ta-hm-[m\
Fs\ Fm--GXp {]Im-c-amtWm alm- cm-Pmhv P\-]-Z- anZw {]Xym-[m-\w, {]mWx qWm f- w Zma
n (\m-n) D- hsc Iqn- smv kzw P\-]-Z-n BcmtWm B[m- c-tm-Sp- Iq-Sn-bXpw {]Xym-[m-\- tm- Sp-
Cwt]mse Npn-\S- -p--X,v C{]-Im-cw-Xs Ch-Cu Iq-Sn-bXpw qW-tbm-Sp(-_-- \-kX v w-`w) IqSn-b-Xpw, Zma(-
Bmhv C{]-Imcw {]mWsf {Kln-nv kzw ico-c- ]m-iw)-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bb inip-hns\ Adn-bp-Xv
n Cw-t]mse Npn-\-S-p-p. Ah, tZzjn-p--h-cmb Ggp {`mXr-hy-msc Ah-tcm-[n-
19. D] AY bZm kpjp]vtXm `h-Xn, bZm \ Iky p-p. Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mW GtXm CXp-X-s-bmWv
N\ thZ, lnXm\mw \mtUym Zzm k]vXXnx k inip Fp ]d-bp-- Xv. B {]mW- \m-Ip inip-hn\p A[n-
l{kmWn lrZ-bmXv ]pco-X-X-a-`n-{]-Xn-j vT -t, jvTm\w CXv (i-co-cw)- X- s. {]tXy- I- ap A[n- jvTm\w CXm
Xm`nx {]Xy-h-kr]y ]pco-XXn titX. k bYm (in-c-)v Ipp. _-\-kX v w`w {]mW-\m-Ip-p--_-e-am-Ip-
Ipamtcm hm alm-c mtPm hm alm-{_- tWm p. Zmaw--_-- \-c-q, A-am-Ip-p.
hm -f XnLv\ o-am- ky KXzmi bo ssXhta 22. D] XtaXmx k]vXm-n-Xb D]-\n-jvT-t. XZy
sshj GX-ttX Cam A temlnt\ym cmP-b-k vXm-`n-tc\w
]ns Ftm- gmtWm kpjp- ]X v -\m-bn-o-cp--Xv, Ftm- cpt{Zm -f \zmbx; AY bm A-m-]-kvXm`n;
gmtWm Hn-t\bpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xv, Atm, lnX- ]\yx; bm I\o-\Im Xbm f- -f ZnXyx; bXv
I Fp ]d-bp Fgp-]-o-cm-bncw \mUn-I lrZ-b- IrjvW w tX\mnx; bpw tXt\{x; A[
n\np ]qcn-X-ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp Kan-p-p. c s s b\ w h \ ym ] r Y n- h y- \ zm- b m;
Ah-bnIqSn {]Xy-hk- Ww sNbvXn-v-- ]nh-en-nv Zyucpcbm. \mkymw obtX b Ghw
]pco-X-n ibn-p-p. AXv Fs\ Fm, F{]- thZ
Im- c-am- tWm, Ipam- c-t\mAXy _me-t\m,--a- lm-cm-Pm-thm, Ahs\B {]mW-s\, CuXm-sg--d-bp-, Ggp An-
alm-{_m--Wt\m B\- - ns AXn-Lv\n-sb--AXn-i- Xn-I An-Xn- tl-Xp-, D]-m\w sNp-p. AXn
tb\ ZpxJs l\n-p Ah- -sb--{]m-]n- nv ibn- p- An-bn Cu Nph-p-\n-d-n-ep cmPn-I-- tc-JI,
-Xv, A{]-Im-cw-X-s, Ch Cs\ ibn-p-p. Gh-tbm, Ah-bnIqSn cp{Z Cu a[y-a-\mb {]mWs\
20. D]-k btYm-\m-`n-kvX - p-t\m--tc-Zv, bYm A\zm-b--\m-bn-cn-p-p--A-\p-K-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. ]ns
f txp{Zm- h n- k v^ p- e nw-K m-h yq- - c -t y- h - ta- An-bn-ep Ap-I Fhtbm Ah-bnIqSn ]P-
hmkvamZm\x kth-{]mWmx kth temImx \y Cu apJy-{]m-Ws\ A\p-K-X-\m-bn-cnp-p. Zi-\-
k t tZhmx khmWn `qXm\n hyp-cn; in GtXm AXnIqSn BZn-Xy Chs\ A\p-K-X-\m-
X tkym]-\n-j v kXy-k y-k-Xy-an-Xn. {]mWm bn-cn-p-p. In-ep Idp--`mKw GtXm AXnIqSn
ssh kXyw; tXjm-ta-j-kXyw An Chs\ A\p- K-X- \m- bn- cn-p-p. shfp `mKw GtXm
AXnIqSn C{ Chs\ A\p-K-X-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Xmg-
AXv-F- s\ Fm F{]-Im-c-amtWm Du-\m-`n--
t-Xmb h-\n-bnIqSn ]rYnhn Chs\ A\p-K-X-\m-
Nn- e-n- -X-p-sIm-v,--\q- ep-sImv D-cn-p--Xv--D-ZvK-an- p-
bn-cn-p-p. apI-fn-es It]m-f-b nIqSn tZymhv
-Xv, F{]-Im-c-amtWm An-bn\nv p{Z--fm-b-- sN-
Chs\ A\zm-b--bm-bn-cn-p-p. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp-
dnb hnkv^p-enw-K---Xo-sm-cn-I--hyp--cn-p--Xv-]e
pthm Ah\v Aw bn--bn-.
hn[n, As-n ]e-Xmbn DZvK-an-p-Xv C{]-Im-cw-
Xs Cu Bm- hn\n- v DW- cp- - Xn\p app hnm- 23. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn,
\- a- bs kzcq-]-n\nv Fm {]mW- fpw Fm temI- B A-n Xmsg--d-bp tmIw Dv.
fpw Fm tZh-mcpw Fm `qX-fpw hyp-cn-p-p--
a{w ""Ahm-Kzn-e --a k Du[z-_ p- v\ -k vX -
N P
 298

I kvan itbm \nlnXw hniz-cq]w; Xkym f- -f K

kX-E -j bx k]v X Xotc; hmK- ao {_Wm''
aqmw {_mWw
kwhn-Zm\m CXn.
26. D]-tZz hmh {_mtWm cqt], aqw ssN
Iogv `mKv hne-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn- bXpw ASn-`mKw tah-
hm aqw N, ayw NmarXw N, nXw N
i-m-bn-p-Xpw Bb Nakw (tkm-a-ckw {Kln-p--
b, k Xyw N.
Xn-\p Hcp ]m{Xw) Dv. B ]m{Xn hnizcq]-am-b--
\m-\m-cq-]-am-b--b-iv \nln-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXns Xoc- {_-ns cq]- aqhpw Aaqhpw cp-
n Ggv Ejn-I Ccn-p-p. {_-tm-Sv--i-_vZ-cm-in- X-s. B aqm-aq-cq-]- ayhpw Aar-X-hpw,
tbm-S-v- kw-hm-Zs sNp hmv Fm-a-t-Xm-Ip-p. nXhpw bpw kpw Xyhpw BIp-p.

24. D]-""-Am-Kzn-e--ak Duz-]pvd'' CXn-- 27. D]--X -tZX qm, bZ-kyZv hmtbmmcn
CZw Xncx, Gj-lym-Kzn-e--ak Du[z-\ m, GX-y, taXXv nX, taXXv kXv.
_p[v\x. Xkvan btim \nlnXw hnizcq] anXn. Xssky Xky aqssky Xky ay
-{]mWm ssh btim hniz-c q]w {]mWm-t\X ssky Xky nXs skyXky kX Gj
Zml ""Xky f- -f kX Ejbx k]vX Xotc'' ctkm, b Gj-X-]Xn; ktXm tlyj ckx
CXn.--{ ]mWm hm Ejbx. {]mWmt\ XZm-l . hmbp-hn\npw A-co--n\npw A\y-am-bp-
""hmK- ao {_ Wm kw hn- Z m\m'' CXn. Xv GtXm AXmWv aqw. CXmWp ayw; CXmWp
hmKvLy-ao {_-W m-kw-hn-t. nXw; CXmWp kv. A-s\-bp Cu aq-n-
""Ahm...vdx'' F-Xns hymJym\w ]d-bpp: s, Cu ay-n-s, Cu nX-n-s, Cu kns
CXv--C-Xn ]d-bpp Na-kw--I-c-Wm--I-\mb apJy-{]m- ck- amWv Cu X]n-p-- Xv. Ch Cu khn-Xmhv kns
Ws {]Xym- [m- \-amb inc-m-Ip-p. CXv Iogvhip Ipgn- ck-am-W-tm.
bp-Xpw Nph-Sp-`mKw tah-i-m-bn-p--Xp-amb Na-k- 28. D] AYm-aqw hmbp-m--cow N. GXZ
am-W-tm. ""Xkvan..-cq-]w.'' F-Xns Aw ]d-bp-p- arX. taX-Zy, tZX-yw. Xssky Xkym aq
-\m-\m-cq-]-amb biv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. ta]-d ssky Xkym arXsskyXky bX GXky Xy
""Xkvan'' CXymZn hmIyw {]mW--se--d-bp-p. ""Xkym-- sskyj-c-tkm, b Gj GX-kvan--te ]pcp
Xosc'' Fp--Xns\ hymJym-\n-p-p Ejn-I Fp jx. Xyky-tlyj ckx CXy-[n-ssZ-h-Xw.
]d-bp-Xv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. Cu hmIyw {]mW--sf--d-
bp-p. ""hmK---Zm\m'' F-Xns Aw ]d-bp-p--F- m- C\n Aaq-sap ]d-bp-Xv hmbphpw A- co--
a-t-Xmb hmv {_-tm-Sv--i-_vZ-cm-in-tbm-Sv--kw-hm- hp- a m-Ip-p. CXmWv AarXw; CXmWv bv, CXmWv Xyw.
Zs sNp-p--tm. A-s\-bp Cu Aaq-ns Asn Cu Aar-
X- n-s, As-n Cu bns, As-n Cu
25. D]- - C - a m- t hh tKmX- a - ` cZzmsPu; Ab- t ah Xyns ck-am-Wv, Cu a-e- n-ep ]pcp- j Btcm
tKmXax; Ab-tah `c-ZzmPxC-am-thh hnizm Ch. Cu ]pcp-j Xyns ck-am-W-tm. Cs\
an{X Pa-Zn; Ab-t ah hnizm-an{Xx; Abw P A[n-ssZ-h-Xw.
aZnx. Cam-thh hknjvT Iiy]u; Ab-tah
hknjv T x; Abw Iiy]x, hmtK hmv d nx; 29. D]--A-Y m- -[ym-w-C
- Z- -ta-h-aqw bZ-XXv {]m
hmNm ly-a-Zy-tX. Anl ssh \mssa XZv Wm; bm-b-a--cm--m-Imix GX-y,
bZ- vd n- c n- X n. kh- k ym- m- ` - h - X n. kha taX- vY n- X , taX- -X v. Xssk Xky-aq
kymw `h-Xn, b Ghw thZ. sskyXky aysskyXky- n- X -s skyX
kyX Gj-c-tkm-b-px ktXm-tlyj ckx
Ch Xs tKmX-a- `-c- Zzm-P-m. Ch Xt tKmX- a.
Ch `c-Zzm-P-\m-Ip-p. ChXs hnizm-an-{X\pw Pa-Z- A\-cw A[ym--ap aqm-aq--fpsS hn`m-
nbpw AhXt hnizm-an-{X. Ch Pa-Z-n-bm-Ip-p. Ks ]d-bpp:- {]mW-\n\n- pw, Bm- hns Dn-ep
Ch Xs hkn-jvT\pw Iiy-]\ - pw. Ch Xs hkn- ico-c-n- \p-n-ep Cu BImiw GtXm AXn \npw
jvT. Ch Iiy-]-\m-Ip-p. hmp-Xs A{n. hmn- A\y-am-bp-Xv GtXm CXp-X-s- bmWv aq-amb {_-
\m Xs-bm-Wtm Aw AZn--s-Sp--Xv. A{n ns cq]w. CXmWp ayw; CXmWp nXw; CXmWv
Fp ]d-bp-Xp GtXm CXv An FXp Xs-bm-Ip- kv. A-s\-bp Cu aq-ns As-n Cu
p. C{]-Imcw B Adn-bp-pthm Ah Fm A- n- ay-ns As-n Cu nX-ns As-n
sbpw Am-hm-bn-ocpw Chv Fmw A-am-bn- Cu kns ck-am-Wv, Np-sp ]d-bp--Xv. CXv
o-cpw. kns ck-am-W-tm.

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 299

I 30. D] AYm-aqw, {]mW-, bm-b-a--cm 34. D] k tlmhmN ssat{X-bn ""bp a Cbw K

mImix. GX-Z-ar-X w, GX-Zy, tZX-XvX yw. X `tKmx khm-]r-Yn-ho-hn-t\ ]qWm kymXv
sskyX-k ym-ar-X -s sky-X ky bX GXky Xy IYw tX\m-arXm kym'' anXn. t\ Xntlm hmN
sskyj-c -tkm, tbm - f bw ZntW f- bm- h ev t Iym ""bssY- t hm- ] - I - c - W hXmw
]pcp jx Xyky tlyj ckx PohnXw XssYh tX PohnXw kymXv, AarX-
Xky Xp \m f- f- imkvXn hntt\'' Xn
C\n {]mW\pw ico-c-n-\p-n Cu BImiw GtXm
AXpw Aaq-am-Ipp CXmWv Aar-Xw, CXm-Wv bp; B ssat{Xbn ]dp: ""Atbm `K-hmt\! F\nv
CXmWv Xyw. A-s\-bp Cu Aaq-n- s, As- Cu ]rYnhn apgp-h hnw-sIm ]q-bm-bn-XocpI-
n Cu Aar-X-ns As-n Cu bn-s, As- bm-sW-n AXp-sImv Rm Aar-X-bm-bn-o-cptam?''.
bm-h-eI v y ""C'' Fp ]d-nv ]dp: ""D]-I-c-
n Cu Xyns ck-am-Wv, Zn-W-amb An-bn
W- D- h-cpsS PohnXw F{]- Im-c-am-bn-cn-p-tam, AXp-
Cu ]pcp-j Btcm, Ah CXv Xyns ck-am-W-tm.
t]mse Xs \ns Pohn-Xhpw Bbn-cn-pw. hnw- sIm-
31. D] Xky sslXky ]pcp-jky cq]w bYm v--hn--km-y-amb Iw-sIm-v--A-ar-X-Xz-k-m-Z-\-n-
alm-c-P\w hmtkm, bYm-]m-zm-hn-Iw, btY \m-Is Bi-t]m-ep-an''.
{tKm-t]m, bXm-yn, cyY ]p-co-Iw, bYm
35. D]- -k m-tlm- h mN ssat{X-b n- ""-tb-\ mlw \m
kIr-Zzn-Zypw kIr-Zzn-Zyp-th lhm Aky
arXm kymw, Inalw tX\- I pcymw? btZh
{io`-h-Xn, b Ghw thZ `Khm thZ, XtZh ta {]{_qlo'' Xn
A-s\-bp Cu enMvKm-- I-\mb ]pcp-js cq]w, B ssat{Xbn ]dp: ""GXp-sImv Rm Aar-X-
a-m-b-n aqnb hkv{Xw- t]m-sebpw ]mp- h- bm-bn-o-cp-I-bn--tbm, AXp-sIm-v-B hnw-sImv
amb Bntcm-aw-sIm-p hkv{Xw-t]m-sebpw C{-tKm- Rm Fp-sNpw? GXn-s\-bmtWm `K-h Adn-bp-Xv
]w-t]m-sebpw An-Pzm-e-t]m-se-bpw, shfp Xma-c-q-hp- AXn-s\-s F\np ]d-p-X-cnI'' Fv.
t]m-sebpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Bcv Adn- bp-pthm Chv
Hcn- an ann-bX - p-t]m-se-bp {io (Jym-Xn) D
36. D] tlmhmN bm-hevIyx {]nbm _ Xmtc,
\x kXo {]nbw `mj-k , Glymz: hymJym-
m-Ipw.
kym-antX; hymN-m-Wky Xp ta \n Zn[ym-k-
32. D] AYmX BtZtim t\Xn, t\Xn. \tly tkz-X n.
Xkvam-Zn-Xnt\ Xy\yXv ]c-a-kvXn. AY \mat[
B bm-hm-eI v y ]dp: ""Atbm ssat{X-bo,
bw kXyky kXy-ao-X n. {]mWm ssh kXyw
\o \app {]nb-bm-bn-cp-p. {]nb-am-bn-p--Xn-s\--Nn-m-
tXjm-taj kXyw \p-Iq-e-am-bn-p--Xns\ `mjWw sNp- p. hcnI; Ccn-pI;
A\-cw BtZ-iw--{_--ns \nt-iw--""C-{]-Im-c- \n\p hymJym-\n-p- X-cmw--]- d- p- X- cmw. Fm hymJym-
ap--X C{]-Im-c-ap--X'' F-Xm-Ip-p. ""C{]-Im-c-ap-- \n-p Fs hmIy-sf \o \nZn-[ym-k\w sNbvXp-sIm-
X Fp- - Xn- s\-m IqSp- X- emb thsd \nt- i\w C- Ww; AXm-bXv A- \n-bw hcpn [ym\n-p-hm
tm. C\n, {_-ns \ma-t[bw kXy-ns kXyw,'' Cnp sIm-Ww.''
F-Xm-Ip-p. kXy-sap ]d-bp-Xv {]mW--fm-Ip-p. 37. D] ktlm-hm-N- \ hm Atc, ]Xypx Imamb
B {]mW-p kXy-am-bn-p-Xv CXm-Ip-p. ]Xnx {]ntbm `hXn; B-\kvX p Imamb ]
Xnx {]ntbm `h-X n, \ hm Atc, Pmbm ssb
Imamb Pmbm {]nbm `hXn; B-\kvXp Imam
\memw {_mWw b Pmbm-{]nbm `h-Xn. \hm Atc, ]p{XmWmw
33. D] ""ssat{Xbn'' Xntlm-hmN bmhmevIy Imamb ]p{Xmx {]nbm `hn; B-\ kv X p
""DtZym-k y hm Atc - f la-k va mXv m\m- Imamb ]p{Xmx {]nbm `h- n. \ hm Atc,
Zkvan; l tX -f \bm Im Xym b\ym -f w hnky Imamb hnw {]nbw `hXn; B-
Ic-hmWo'' Xn \kvX p Imamb hnw {]nbw `h-Xn. \ hm
Atc {_Wx Imamb {_ {]nbw `hXn;
bm-h- eI v y ""Atbm ssat{Xbn!'' Fp hnfn-nv B-\ kvX p Imamb {_ {]nbw `h-X n. \
]dp: ""tl! Rm Cu m\p \nv Cu Kml- hm Atc, vdky Imamb vdw {]nbw
ym-{i-a-n\nv apI-fn t]mIp--Xn\v B{K-l-ap-- `h-Xn. B\kvX p Imamb vd w {]nbw
h-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Ctm \n\p Cu ImXym-b-\n-tbmSv `h-Xn. \ hm Atc, temIm\mw Imamb temImx
A-s--kw-_-- hn-t-Zs sNp-hm'' t]mIpp. {]nbm `hn; B\kvX p Imamb temImx

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 300

I {]nbm `h-n. \ hm Atc, tZhm\mw Imamb 38. D] {_ Xw ]cm-Zm-tZym-\y{Xm f- -f t\m {_ K

tZhmx {]nbm `hn; B - \ k vX p Imamb _-th-Z. {w Xw ]cm-ZmZv tbm f- \y{Xm-
tZhmx {]nbm `hn. \ hm Atc `qXm\mw \x Xv{Xw thZ temImkvXw ]cm-Zptcym f-
Imamb `qXm\n {]nbmWn `hn; B-\kvXp \ym{Xm f- -f t\m temIm thZ. tZhmkvXw
Imamb `qXm\n {]nbmWn `hn. \ hm Atc, ]cm-Zptcym f- \y {Xm f- f t\m tZhm thZ.
khky Imamb khw {]nbw `hXn; B- `qXm\n Xw ]cmZptcym - f \y{Xm - f-f t\m
\kvX p Imamb khw {]nbw `h-Xn. Bm `qXm\n thZ. khw Xw ]cm-ZmZv tbm -f \y{Xm
hm Atc {Zhyx t{imXthym athym \nZn- -f-f \x khw thZ. CZw {_tZw Xv{X
[ym-knX thym ssat{Xbn. Bt\m hm Atc anta temIm Cta tZhm Cam\n _qXm-\ oZw
Zi-t\\ {ih-t W\ aXym hnmt\-t\Zw khw bZ-am-m.
khw hnZn-Xw. BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y- ambn {_-s--{_m-
B bm-h-evIy ]dp: ""Abtbm ssat{Xbn: W PmXn-sb--A-dn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ {_--{_m--W-Pm-Xn-
]Xn-bpsS Ima-n- \m-bn-v-- {]-tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv Atm - ]p-cp-jm-n\nv AI- pw. BcmtWm Bm-
]Xn {]nb-\m-bn-cnp--Xv. ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P-\-n- hn\np thsd-bmbn {Xn-b-Pm-Xnsb Adn-b p- Xv
\m-bn-mWv ]Xn {]nb-\m-bn-cn-p--Xv. Abtbm ssat{X- Ahs\ Xv{Xnb-PmXn ]cm-I-cn-pw--A-I-pw. BcmtWm
bn, Pmb-bpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv Atm Pmb {]nb- Bm-hn\np thsd-bmbn temI-sf Adn-bp- -Xv,
Ahs\ temI- ]cm-I-cn-pw. BcmtWm Bm-
bm-bn- cn-p-Xv; ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-mWv
hn\nv A\y-cmbn tZh-msc Adn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ tZh-
Pmb {]nb-bm-bn-cp--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, ]p{X-m-cpsS
m ]cm-Ic - n-pw. BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y--
{]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bnv A-tm, ]p{X- m {]n-b- m- cm- bn-cn-p-
fmbn `qX-sf Adn-bp-Xv Ahs\ `qX- ssIh-ey-
Xv; ]nstbm Xs {]tbm-P\ - -n-\m-bn-mWv ]p{X-m
n\nv AI-pw. BcmtWm Bm-hn\nv A\y-
{]nb-m-cm-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{Xbn hn-ns
ambn k-tbpw Adn-bp--Xv, Ahs\ khpw ]pcp-
{]tbm-P-\ - n-\m-bn--tm hnw {]nb-am-bn-cn-pXv;
jmn\nv AI-pw. Cu {_m-W-Pm-Xnbpw Cu
]nstbm Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\-n- \m-bn-mWv hnw
Xv{Xnb PmXnbpw Cu temI-epw Cu tZh-m-cpw, Cu
{]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, {_m-W-Pm-Xn-
`qX--fpw, Cu k-hpw, Cu Bmhv GtXm CXp-X-
bpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--tm {_-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-
sbmWv.
p- Xv; ]ns-tbm, Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\-n-\m- bn-mWv
{_m-W- PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, 39. D]-k bYmZp-p-t`l-\y-am-\ky \ _mlym
vdnb PmXn-bpsS {]tbm-P\ - -n-\m-bn--tm vdn- Rv K_vZ mRv iIv\ p- b mZv {Kl-W mb; Zpp-
b-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-pXv; Bm-hns {]tbm-P-\ - n- t`kv X p {Kl- t W- \ , Zpp- ` ym- L m- X ky hm
\m-bn-mWv vdn-b-PmXn {]nb-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. Atbm i_vtZm KrloXx.
ssat{X-bn, temI--fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn--tm temI- B Zrmw Fs\ Fm,l-\y- am-\-am-b- -Zw
{]nb-Ifm-bn-cn-p-Xv ; ]nstbm Bm-hns apX-em-b-Xp-sIm-pw ASn--s-Sp--Zp-p-`n-bpsS s]cp--
{]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-mWv temI- {]nbfm-bn-cn-p-- d-bp-sS--_m-ly-- fmb i_vZ-- sf- - _-ln`q-X-- fmb i_vZ-
Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, tZh-m-cpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\m-bn-- hn-ti-j-sf {Kln-p--Xn\v Ign-I-bn-. ]ns- tbm, Zpp-
tm tZh-m {]nb-m-cm-bn-cn- p-Xv; ]ns- tbm, Bm- `n-bp-tS-tbm--Zp-p-`n-i-_vZ-km-am-\y-n-s-tbm, Zpp-`n-bpsS
hns {]-tbm-P-\ - n-\m-bn-mWv tZh-m {]nb-m-cm-bn-cn- BLm-X-n-stbm {Kl- W-m i_vZw-- i-_vZ-hn-tijw
p-Xv. Atbm ssat{X-bn, `qX--fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n- {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o- cp-p.
\m-bn--tm `qX- {]nb--fm-bn-cn-p-Xp ]nstbm
40. D] k bYm iMvJky [vamb-am-\ky \ _m
Bm- hns {]tbm-P-\-n-\m- bn-mWv `qX- {]nb--fm-
lymRv i_vZmRv iIv\p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb; iMv
bn-cn-p-v. Atbm ssat{X- bn, k-n-sbpw {]tbm- Jky Xp {Kl-tW\ iMvJ-[vaky hm i_vtZm
P-\ - n-\ m-b n-- tm khhpw {]nb-a m-b n-c n- p- Xv; KrloXx
]nstbm Bm- h ns {]tbm- P - \ - n- \ m- b n- mWv
khpw {]nb-am-bn-cn-p- Xv . Atbm ssat{X-bn, B Zrmw Fs\ Fm, DuX- s- Sp iMvJns
Bmhp Zin- -s-tS-- Xpw, {ihn--s-tS- - Xpw, a\\w _mly--fmb i_vZ-sf _ln`q-X--fmb i_vZ-hn-ti-
sN-s-tS--Xpw, \nZn-[ym-k\w sN-s-tS- Xpw BIp- j-sf {Kln-p--Xn\v Ign-I-bn-. ]ns- tbm, iMvJn-t-
p. Atbm ssat{X-bn, B-mhns Zi-\w-sIm-pw, tbm, iMvJ i_vZ-km-am-\y-n-s-tbm, iMvJw DuXp--
{ih-Ww-sIm- pw, hnm-\w-sIm-pw, a\-\w- sImpw Xn-s tbm {Kl-W-m i_vZw, iwJ-i-_v Z-ns
CsXmw hnZn-X- am-bn-o-cp-p. Adn-b-s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. hntijw {Kln--s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p.

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 301

I 41. D]-k bYm--ho-Wmssb hmZy-am-\m-ssb \ GIm-b-\a - m-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm ck-pw Pnlz-- K

_mlymRv i_vZmRv iIv\ p-bmZv {Kl-W mb. Pn-tlz-{nb hnjb kmam-\yw, GIm-b- \-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw
hoWmssb Xp{K-l-tW-\, hoWm-hm-Zky hm i Fm cq]-pw Np-v-- N-p-hn- j-b- km-am-\yw, GIm-
_vtZm KrloXx b-\-am- Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Fm i_vZ-pw t{im{Xw- -t{im-
{X-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm
AXp Fs\ Fm, hmZ\w sN-s-Sp hoW-
k-e] v -pw a\--v-a-t\m-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-
bpsS _ln`q-X- -fmb i_vZ-hn-ti-j-sf {Kln-p--
am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnZy-Ipw lrZbw _pn-hn-
Xn\v Ign-bp-I-bn-. ]nstbm, hoW-bp-sStbm hoWm-hm-Z-
j-b-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm BZm-\-
\-n-stbm {Kl-W-m i_vZw, hoWm-i-_vZ-hn-tijw
hn-ti-j-pw lkvX---l-kX v -hn-j-b-km-am-\y-amb
{Kln--s--Xm-bn-o- cp-p.
BZm\ kmam-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnZy-
42. D]- k bYm -f -f ss{Z [mt-c -` ym-l n-X mXv Ipw lrZbw _pn-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw. GIm-b-\a - m-Ip-
]rYKv [qam hn\n-m-c-tyhw hm Atc f- ky p. C{]-Imcw Fm BZmb hnti- j- pw lkvX-
altXm `qXky \niz-kn-X -ta-XZv bZr-tKz-tZm, -l-kvXh - n-j-b-km-am-\y-amb BZmb kmam-\yw, GImb\-
bPq tZx, kma-thtZm - f Ymw MvK nc-k , am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm B\--pw D]-w-- B-\-
CXnlm kx, ]pcm- W w, hnZym, D]- \ n- j Zx, -km-am\yw GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Fm hnkK-
tmImx, kq{Xm-Wy.\p hymJym-\m-\n, hymJym- pw ]mbp hnkK-km-am-\yw, GIm-b-\-am-Ip-p.
\m-\yssky sshXm\n \niz-kn-Xm\n C{]-Imcw Fm Ka-\-pw ]mZ---K-a-\-km-am-\yw,
B Zrmw Fs\ Fm, Iq-s-n-cn-p ]- GIm- b- \- am-Ip- p. C{]-Imcw Fm thZ-pw--Fm hZ-
hn-d-tIm-Sp-Iq-Snb An-bn \nv ]e {]Im-c-n [qa- \-hn-ti-j-pw hmv --hZ- -\k - m-am-\yw, GIm-b\ - -am-
Fs\ ]pd-s-Sp-p-thm, C{]-Imcw Xs Atbm Ip-p.
ssat{X- bn, Cu al-mb `qX-ns \niz-kn- X-am- Wv, EtKz- 44. D] k bYm ssk-h-Jney DZtI {]mkvX
Z-sa-pw, bPqt- Z-sa-pw, kma-th-Z-sa-pw, AYm-MK v n- DZ-I-ta-hm-\p-hn-e o-tbX; \lm-tkymZv {KlWm
c-k-sa-pw, CXn-lm-k-sa-pw, ]pcm-Ws - a- pw, hnZy-I-sf- bkym- X v , btXm- b - X - k v X zm- Z - Z oX eh- W - t ah
pw, D]-\n-j - p-Is
- f-pw, tmI--sf-pw, kq{X- -sf- Ghw hm Ac CZw alZv `qX- a - \ - -a - ] mcw
pw, A\p-hym-Jym-\--sf-pw, hymJym-\--sfpw D- hn m- \ - L \ G h, G tX t` ym ` qtX ` yx
Xv, Ch Cu al-mb `qX-n-s-Xs \niz-kn-X--fm- kapmb Xmt\y-hm\p hn\-iyXn; \ t{]Xy-
Ip-p. kwm -f kvX oXytc {_ho-aoXn tlmhmN
43. D] k bYm--k-k m-a]mw kap{Z GImb bmhevyx
\tahw kjmw kv]im\mw XztK-Im-b \w; AXv Fs\ Fm ""Pe-n {]mkvX-am-b-- {]-n-
Ghw ktjmw Km\mw \mkntI GIm-b\w; ]vX-am-b, ssk- h-Jn-eyw Dp-I-jWw DZ- I-ns ]nm-
Ghw ktjmw ckm\mw Pnsslz-Im-b\w; se-Xs hne-bn-p-p. Cu ssk-h-Jn-ey-ns DZv{K-
Ghw ktjmw cq]mWmw Np-cm-Im-b\w; l-W-n- \vap-t-bp nXn-bn-ep {Kl-W-n-\-v- H-cp-
Ghw ktjmw f_vZm\mw t{im{X-ta-Im-b\w; h\pw i-\m-I-bn-. Fm FhnsS FhnsS \nv
BZm\w sNp-p-thm-F- S pp cqNn-p-t\m-p-pthm,
Ghw ktjmw k-ev]m\mw a\ GIm-bm\w;
Ahn-sS-b-hnsS Dp-Xs Bbn-cn-pw. C{]-Imcw Xs,
Ghw kmkw hnZym\mw lrZ-b-ta-Im-b\w; Atbm ssat{X-bn, Cu al-mb `qXw, A\-hpw
Ghw ktjmw IWmw lkvXm-th-Im-b\w; B]m-chpw Bb hnm-\-L\w Xs Cu `qX- - fn#-\nv
Ghw kt-j m-am-\ -m-\m-ap-] GIm-b \w; kap-m\w sNbvXn-v, Ah-bpsS ]nm-se-Xs hn\m-
is {]m]n-p-p. t{]X-\m-b-Xns tijw kw--hn-
Ghw ktjmw hnkmWmw ]mbp-tc-Imb
ti-j- W-kw C. Fv Atbm ssat{X-bn, Rm ]d-
\w Ghw kth-jm-a-[z\mw ]mZm-th-Im-b\w; bp-p.'' Fv bm-h-evy ]d-p.
Ghw Zkthjmw thZm\mw hmtK-Im-b\w
45. D] kmtlm-hmN ssat{X-bo ""Ass{X-ham `K-
{]fb {]Zi-\-n-\m-bp Zrmw ]d-bp-p. GXp hm-\-aq-ap-l t{]Xy-kwm -f kvXoXn.'' k
{]Im-c-amtWm Fm Ap-Ipw kap-{Zw, Pekmam\yw tlmhm-N ""\ hm Ac Alw tamlw {_hoan.
GIm-b-\-am-bn-cn-p--Xv- -Htc Hcp {]f-b-m-\-am-bn-cn-p- Aew hm Ac CZw hnm-\mb''
-X,v A{]-Imcw Fm kv]i-pw, Xzv--Xz-Kzn-j-b- ssat{Xbn ]dp:- acn--Xn-tijw hnm-\L
- -\-
amb kv]i-\k - m-am-\yw, GIm-b-\a - m-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw amb CXnXs kw C, Fp ]dv `K-hm
Fm K-pw \mkn-I-- {Lm-W-hn-j-b-km-am-\yw, Fs tamln-n-n-cn-p-p. bm-evy ]dp:

N P

I ""Atbm ssat{X-bo, Rm taml-s--tam-l-P-\-I-amb
hmIys ]d-bp-n- , Cu al- mb `qXw hnm-\-n\v
aXn-bm-Ipw.''
46. D] b{X ln ssZzX-anh `hXn XZn-Xc PXcw
Pn{LXn XZn-Xc - -C-Xcw ]iy-Xn, XZn-Xc - -C Xcw
irtWm-Xn, XZn-X-c-C-X-c-a-`o-h-ZXn XZn-Xc CXcw
a\p-tX, XZn-X-c-C-Xcw hnPm-\m-Zn. b{Xhm Aky
kh-am-sshm `qXv, XXv. tI\Iw Pnt{LXv?,
XXv tI\Iw ]tiyXv XXv tI\Iw irWp-bmXv?
XXv tI\-I-`n-h-tZXv? XXv tI\Iw a\zoX? XXv
tI\Iw hnPm-\o-bmXv? tb t\Zw khw hnPm-
\mXn Xw tI\ hnPm\nbmXv? hnm-Xm-c-atc
tI\ hnPm-\o-bmXv? CXn.
GXp Jney-`m-h-n, GXp Imc-W-m ssZzXw-
t]mse Dm-bn-cn-p-p-thm--Im-W-s-Sp-p-thm BJn-ey-
`m-h-n B Imc- W-m, CX-c-\m-b-{Lm- Xmhv CX- c-amb
{LmW-hn-j- bs {LmWn- p- p. B Jney- `m-h- n CX-
c-\mb {`mhv CX-c-amb Np-hn-j-bs ImWp-p. B
Jney- `m-h-n CX-c-\mb t{imXmhv CX-c-amb i_vZs
{ihn-p-p. B Jney-`m-h - n CX-c-\mb hmhv CX-c-
amb h-hys A`n-h-Zn-p-p. B Jney-`m-h-n CX-
c-\mb amhv CX-c-amb a-hys a\\w sNp-p. B
Jney-` m-h - n CX-c -\ mb hnm-X mhp CX-c -a mb
hnt-bs Adn- bp-p. Ftm-gmtWm Ch-\v-Cu {_-
hn-n-\v-- Fmw Bm-hp-X-s-bmbn Xocp-Xv Atm
GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-b s {LmWnpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww- sImv GXp hnj- bs Zinpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj- bs {ihnpw?
Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-bs A`n-h-
Znpw? Atm GXp Ic-Ww-sImv GXp hnj-bs
a\\w sNpw? Atm GXp Ic-Ww- sImv GXp hnj-
bs Adnbpw? GXp IqS--t_m-Z-m hym]vX-am-bnp
Cu k-tbpw Adn-bp-p-thm, B kmnsb GXp
Ic-Ww-sImv Adnbpw? Atbm ssat{X-bn, hnm-Xm-
hns\ GXp Ic-Ww- sImv Adnbpw?
Amw {_mWw
47. D] Cbw ]rYnho kthjmw `qXm\mw [p;
Assky ]rYnsshy khmWn `qXm\n a[p;
b mb-akymw ]rYnhymw tXtPm-atbm f- arX-
abx ]pcp-tjm, bm-a - ymw imco- c -k vtX-
tPmatbm -f arX-abx ]pcptjm -f btah k
tbm f- bam t Za-ar-X, anZw {_t, Zw khw
Cu ]rYnh Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
]rYn-hn-bn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-
j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p.
Fm `qXfpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn
N P
302
ico-c- n nXn-sN-p--h\pw tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-K
b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j GtXm Ah\pw Fm `qX-fp-
tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-
Ip-p. Cu Bm-sh-Xv GtXm AXv CXp-X-s. Aar-X-
sap ]d-Xv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn-m\w
CXm-Ip-p. {_-sa-Xv CXm-Wv. khm-]Xv n-km-[-\-amb
{_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
48. D] Cam B]x kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p.
Bkm-a]mw khmWn `qXm-\n-a[p bmb am
kz]v k p tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx ]pcpjx
bmb aymw sscX-k -k vtX-tPm-atbm f-
arX-abx ]pcp jx; Ab-ta-h-ktbm -f bamm;
CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_; CZw khw
Cu Ap-I Fm `qX- -fp- tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Cu Ap-I-fpsS a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Ap-I-fn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm,
Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-
fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn tcX-n
nXn-sN-p--h\pw tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- a-b-\p-amb Cu
]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-
p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-Xs BIp-p. Aar-Xw- - A-ar-
X-Xz-km-[-\-a mb B-hn-m-\w- -C-Xm-Wv. {_-sa-Xv
CXm-W.v kw--km-]X v n-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m-\w--
C-Xm-Ip-p.
49. D]--A-b-anx kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p. A
kymtx khmWn `qXm\n a[p. bm-b-akvan
u tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx ]pcp- t jm,
bmb a[ymw hmMva- b -k v tX-t Pm-a tbm f-
arX-abx ]pcp jx. Ab-ta-h k tbm -f bam-
m, CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw kw.
Cu An Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Cu An-bpsS a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
Ah\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-
fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn hmMva-b-
\pw, tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j
Btcm Ah-\pw Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p.-Fm
`qX-fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm
AXv CXp- X-s. Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\- amb B-hn- m\w CXm-
Ip-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km-]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-
hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
50. D]- -Abw hmbpx ktjmw `qXm\mw a[p.
Akyhmtbmx khmWn `qXm\n a[p. bm-
ba [ymw {]mW-kv tX-tPm-atbm f- arX- abx
]pcpjx, Ab-tah k tbm -f bamm; CZ-a-
arXw; CZw{_ ; CZw kw
 303

I Cu hmbp Fm `qX--fp-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm 53. D]- -A bw N{x ktjmw `qXm\mw a[p; K

`qX- fpw Cu hmbp-hns a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu hmbp-hn Aky N{ky kmWn `qXm\n a[p; bm-
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm b-akva nwt{ tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcp-
Ah\pw Fm `qX--ep-tSbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX- tjm, bmb a[ymw am\-k-kvtX-tPm-atbm -
fpw Ch-sbpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Aym--ambn {]mW-\m- f arX-abx ]pcpjx, Ab-tah ktbm -f bam-
bn-cn-p tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j m, CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw kw.
Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Cu N{ Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX-
`qX- fpw Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bhv GtXm AXv
-fpw Cu N{\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu N{-\n tXtPm-a-
CXp-Xs; Cu \membn ]d--Xp-Xs; BIp-p. Aar-
b\pw Aar-X-a-b\- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw
X-Xz-tl-Xp-hmb B-hn-m-\w, {_w, Cu \mep-hn-[-
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX- fpw Chpw
n- ep Iev]-\bvp A[n-jvTm-\-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.
a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn a\-n nXn-sN-p-,
km-]X v - km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
51. D]- -A -b -am-ZnXyx ktjmw `qXm\mw a[px Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
Akym f- -f ZnXy ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p. Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-X-
b mb-a-kvan-m-ZntXy tXtPm-atb f- arX-abx s. Aar-X-km-[-\ -amb B-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
]pcp tjm, bm-b-a-[ymw Np-j-kvtX-tPm- {_w CXm-Wv. km]vXn km[-\-amb {_- hn-m- \hpw
atbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm -f CXp-X-s.
bamm; CZ-aarX; CZw {_; CZw kw.
54. D]--Cbw hnZypXv kthjmw `qXm\mw a[px
Cu BZn-Xy Fm `qX- -pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm Assky hnZypXx khmWn `qXm\n a[p.
`qX-fpw Cu BZn-Xy\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu BZn-Xy-\n bmb-akymw hnZypXn tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-ba
- -\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm ] pc ptj m, bi vN mb a[ ym w s s X P- k -
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw kvtXtPmatbm f- arX-abx ]pcpjx; Ab-ta-hk
Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym-- ambn Np-n nXn tbm -f bamm; CZ-a-a rXw; CZw-{_; CZw
sNp-, tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j khw
Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Cu hnZypv Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
`qX- fpw Chpw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv
`qX- fpw Cu hnZyp-n\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu hnZyp-n
CXp-X-s. Aar-Xw--A-ar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn-m\w
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
CXm-Ip- p. {_w CXm-Ip- p. km-]vXn-km-[-\-amb
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
{_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip- p. A[ym--ambn Xzn-ep tXP-n
52. D] Cam Znix kth-hjmw `qXm\mw a[p; B nXn-sN-p tXtPm-abpw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-
kmw Znimw kmWn `qXm\n a[p; bm-bam j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p.
kpZnp tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcptjm b Fm `qX-fpw Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv
mb a[ymw {iu{Xx {]Xn-{ip-XvI-kvtX-tPm- GtXm AXv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\a- mb B-hn-m\w BIp-
atbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx; Ab-ta-h -ktbm -f p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km]vXn km[-\-amb {_-hn-
bamm; CZ aarXw; CZw {_; CZw kw m\w CXm-W.v
Cu Znp-I Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm 55. D] Abw kvX\-bnXv\px kthjmw `qXm\mw
`qX-fpw Cu Znp-Ipw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Znp-I- a[p; Aky kvX\-bnXvt\m; khmWn `qXm\n
fn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a- b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm, a[ p b mb ak van k vX \ - b nX v\ u
Ah\pw Fm `qX-pa a[p- hm- Ip- p. Fm `qX- epw tXtPmatbm -f arX-abx ]pcp-tjm, bm-b-a-
Chpw a[p-hm- Ip- p. A[ym- - ambn t{im{X- n kvXnXn- [ymw im_vZx kuh-ckvtXtPmatbm f- arX-
sN-p--h-\pw, {]mXn-{ip-Xn-I\
- pw- -{]-Xn-{ip-Xn-I-bn, AXm- abx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm -f bmam- m,
bXv {]Xn-{i-h-W-th-f-bn, hnti-jnp kn-ln-X-\m-bn-cn- CZ-a-ar-Xw, CZw {_, CZw khw
p--h-\pw--Bb tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu
Cu kvX \-bnXv\ p AYhm ]P-\ y Fm `qX-
]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-
pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw Cu Cu kvX\-
p. Fm `qX-fpw Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv
bn-Xv\p-hnv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu kvX\-bn-Xv\p-hn tXtPm-
GtXm AXv Xs-bm-Wv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[\ - -amb B-hn-
a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw
m\w. {_w CXm-Ipp? km-]vXn-km- [-\-amb {_-
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch\pw
hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.

N P
 304

I a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym-X-va-ambn kzc-n hnti-jnv kn- Chpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn kXy-n nXn- K
ln-X-\m-bpw, i_vZ-n nXn-sN-p--X-h-\mbpw Ccn- sN-p tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j
p tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar- X- a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp- j Btcm Btcm Ahpw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw `qX-fpw Ch\pw a[p- hm- Ip- p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv,
Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ipp. Cu Bm-hv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\-amb Aar- X- z-km-[-\-amb B- hn- m\w BWv. {_w CXm-
B-hn-m-\w, CXm-Ip-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. km- Ip-p. khm-]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
59. D]--CZw am\pjw kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p.
56. D] Ab-am-Imix kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p;, Aky am\p- j ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p.
Akym f- f- Imiky khmWn `qXm\n a[p; bmb-a-kvan am\ptj tXtPm-atbm f- arX-
b mb-a-kvan-m-Imti tXtPm-atbm -f arX- abx ]pcptjm-b-m-b-a-[ymw tXtPm-atbm f-
abx ]p cptjm, bm-b-a-[ymw lrZym-Im-i- arX-abx ]pcpj; Ab-tah k tbm f- bamm;
kvtX-tPma tbm -f arX-abx ]pcpj Ab-ta-h- CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_ CZw khw
ktbm -f bam m; CZ-a-arXw; CZw {_ CZw
Cu a\p-jm-Zn-PmXn Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p.
khw
Fm `qX- fpw Cu am\p-jm-Zn-Pm-Xnv a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu
Cu BImiw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm am\p-jm-Zn-Pm-Xn-bn tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- a-b-\p-amb Cu
`qX--fpw Cu BIm-i-n\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu BIm-i- ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw a[p-hm-Ip-
n D tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j p. Fm `qX-fpw Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. A[ym--ambn
Btcm Ah-\pw, A[ym--ambn lrZ-b - n-ep BIm-i- tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
amb tXtPm-a-b-\pw, Aar- X-a- b-\p- amb Cu ]pcpj Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
Ah-\pw, Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-X-s. Aar-X-Xz- Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv Aar-X-Xz-km-[-\a - mb
- mb B-hn-m\w CXm-W.v {_w CXm-Ip-p. B-hn-m\w BIp-p. {_w CXm-Ip-p. khm-]X
km-[-\a v n-
khm-]X v n-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p. km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v
57. D]- -A bw [x kthjmw `qXm\mw a[px 60. D]- - A - b - a mm kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p
Aky-[ky khmWn `qXm\n a[p bm Akym -f -f \x khmWn `qXm\n a[p. b
ba- k v a n [t tXtPm- a tbm - f arX- a bx mb-a -kvan-m-m\n tXtPm-atbm -f arX-abx
]pcptjm, bm- b - a -[ ymw [- k v t X- t Pm- ]p tcmtjm; bm-b-amm tXtPm-atbm -f arX-
atbm -f arXabx ]pcpjx, Ab-tah ktbm -f abx ]pcpjx; Ab-tah k tbm f- bamm; CZ-
bamm: CZaarXw; CZw-{_; CZw khw a-arXw; CZw {_ CZw khw
Cu [w Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX- Cu Bmhv Fm `qXpw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Fm
fpw Cu [-n\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu [-n `qX- fpw Cu Bm- hnpw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Cu Bm-hn
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah- tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\pw Bb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm
\pw, A[ym--ambn [-n nXn-sN-p tXtPm-a- Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw
b\pw Aar-X-a-b\ - p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Ch\pw a[p-hm-Ip-p. Bm-hmb tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X- a-
Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip- p. Fm `qX- fpw Chpw b-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah\pw Fm `qX-pw
a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv GtXm AXv CXp-Xs BIp- a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu Amhv GXv, AXv, Aar-X-Xz-km-[\ - -
p. Aar-X- Xz-km-[-\-amb B-hn- m\w CXm-W.v {_w amb Bm- hn-m\w BIp- p, {_w CXm- Ip- p. khm-
CXm-W.v km]vXn km[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-W.v ]vXn-km-[-\-amb {_-hn-m\w CXm-Ip-p.
58. D] CZx kXyw kthjmw `qXm\mw a[p. 61. D] k hm Ab-amm kthjmw `qXm-\ma
A k y k X yk y k hmW n ` qX m\ n a[ p. [n]Xnx, ktjmw `qXm-\mw-cmPm XZy-Ym--cY
bmba-kvan ktXy tXtPm-atbm f- Aar-X- \m`u N cY-t\-au-N mcmx kth ka]nXmx
abx ]pcptjm bm-b-a-[ ymw kmXy-k vtX- Gh- t a- h m- k v a n- m- \n khmWn `qXm- \ n,
tPm-atbm -f arX-abx ]pcpjx Ab-tah k tbm kth tZhmx, kth-temImx kth {]mWmx;
f- bamm CZ-a-arX; anZw {_t, Zw khw kh GX Bm\x ka]nXmx.
Cu kXyw Fm `qX- pw a[p- hm-Ip-p. Fm `qX- C-s\-bp Cu Bmhv Fm `qX- -fp-tSbpw A[n-
fpw Cu kXy-n\p a[p-hm-Ip-p. Cu kXy-n ]-Xn-bpw, Fm `qX--fp-sSbpw cmPmhpw BIp-p. AXv
tXtPm-a-b\pw Aar-X-a-b\
- p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Fns\ Fm, cY-N-{I-ns \m`nbnepw cY-N-{I-
Ah\pw Fm `qX- pw a[p-hm- Ip-p. Fm `qX- fpw ns t\a-bnepw Bc-m-ep-I-sfmw kan--s-n-cn-

N P
 305

I p-p-tm; A{]-Imcw Xs Cu Bm-hn Fm `qX- ]pcp-j Fm ]pc--fnepw ]pc-n ibn-p--h-\m-b- K

-fpw, Fm tZh-m-cpw, Fm temI--fpw, Fm {]mW- Xp-sImv ]pcp-j Fp ]d-bs - -Sp-p. Ch-\m Bh-
-fpw, Fm Bm-fpw kan--s-n-cn-p-p. cWw sN- s- Sm- -Xmbn Hpw C. Ch-\m Dn AS-
-s-Sm--Xmbn Hp-an-.''
62. D] CZw ssh Xm[p Z[y-Mvm-YhtWm f-
izn`y- ap- h mN XtZ-X -Z rnx ]iy- thm NXv 65. D] CZw ssh X[p Z[y- m- Y htWm -f
XZzmw \cm k\tb Zwk D{K-am. hnjvIrtWman izn`ym-ap-hm-N. XtZ-X-Zrnx ]iy--thm-NXv cq]w
X\y-Xp-hrnw Z[yMv l [-[ zm-Y htWm cq]w {]Xn-cqt]m _`q-h. XZ-ky-cq]w {]Xn N-
hma-izky iojvWm {]b-Zo-ap-hmN CXn. Wm-b . Ct{m ambm`nx ]pc- p cq] CubtX;
bpm-lyky lcbx iXm Zi CXn. Abw ssh
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv F BYW
lcbx Abw ssh ZiN kl-{kmWn _lq\n
{_-W Aizn-Iv ]d-p- sIm- Sp-p. Cu Is
Nm\-m\n N, XtZ-XZv {_m]qh a\p-]-c-a-\-
Ip-sImv Ejn--a-{w--]-d-p-""-A-tbm \c-mtc!
- a - _ m- l yw . A bam m {_ - k hm\ p
\cm-Im-c-m-cmb Aizn-X-Isf! \n-fpsS em`-n-\p-th-n-
`qcntXy XZ-\p-im- -k-\.
bp D{K-am-b-A-Xn-{Iq-c-am-b, BZw-k-n-s\ B I-
s--AX - m-b-Xv--Z-[yp F AYh-W Aiz- ns A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[y--sep ]d-bp
inc-p- sImv GXp a[p- hns\ \nv ]d-p- X- pthm AYh-a Aizn-Iv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. CXp-I - p-
AXn-s\, ]P-\y hrjvSnsb F-t]mse Rm shfn- sImv Ejn ]d-p Cu Bm-hns {]m-\-L-\-
s-Sp-n-tb-mw.'' Fv sap ]d-bp cq]s shfn-s-Sp-pXn\mbn Hmtcm
cq]-nepw {]Xn-cq-]\
- m-bn--]I
- mb asmcp cq]-am-bn,
63. D] CZw ssh XmZp Z[y-m-YhtWm f- izn
As-n A\p-cq-]\ - mbn `hn-p. C{, ]c-ta-iz-c
`ymap-hm-N- X - t- Z-XZ- rnx ]iy--thm-NX
- v. BY
ambm-I-fm ({]--If - m As-n \ma-cq-]--fm)
hW m- i m- i zn- \ m- Z [ o tN - f i zr w i nc x
Dm--s-Sp anYym-`n-am-\--em _lp-cq-]-\mbn Adn-
{]ssXycbXw. k hmw a[p {]thmN ZrXm-b - -
b-s-Sp-p. Fs-m Ch\v iX--fpw, ]v C{n-b-
zmw bZv Z{km-h]n Iyw hman-Xn.
tXcn IpXn-c-I-sf--t]mse tN-s-n-p-v. lcn-
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv Fp t]cp I--Ip-Xn-c-I-fpsS m\w hln-p C{n-b- Ch
BYh-W Aizn-I v ]d- p-s Im-Sp-p. A- Xs-b m-W v. ]pw At\-I m-b n-c hpw A\- - fpw
s\bp Cu Is Ip-sImv Ejn (a-{w) ]d- ChX-s. A-s\-bp Bm-hmb CXm-Wv, app
p--A-tbm Aizn-I-tf, \n Z[yv Fp t]cp asm-n-m- -Xpw- -Im-c- W-an-m-Xpw ]np asm-n-m--
AYh-W\v Aiz-ns hI-bmb inc-ns\ {]Xn-K-ann- Xpw--Im-cy-an-m-Xpw CSbvp thsdm-n-m-Xpw ]pd-an-
p--]-Icw hp. Ah Xs {]Xn-sb ]cn-]m-en-p- m-Xpw Bb {_w. {_w, khm-m-hmbn k-
hm Cn- p- sImv \nv Xzm-hns\ kw_-n a[p sbpw A\p-`-hn-p--Xmb Cu Bm-hm-Ip-p. C-
GtXm AXns\ ]d-p-X-p. Atbm Z{k-msc! i{Xp- s\-bmWv Fm thZm-- -fp-sSbpw D]-tZ-iw.
-fpsS _es bn-n-p--h-tc, As-n i{Xp-
sf lnwkn-p--htc! cl-ky-am-bn-p-Xv GtXm B
B-m-\-cq-]-amb a[p-hn-t\bpw \np ]d-p- Bdmw {_mWw
X- p.
65. D] 1. AY hwix ]uXn-amtjym Ku]h\mZv,
64. D] CZw ssh X[p Z[y- m- Y htWm f- Ku]-h\x ]uXn-am-jym-Xv, ]uXn-amtjym Ku]-
izn`ym-ap-hm-N. XtZ-XZ- rnx ]iy--thm-NX
- v ]pc- h-\m-Zv, Ku]-h\x Iuin-Im-Xv, IuinIx Iun-
t{I Zzn]Zx ]pc-t{I NXp-jv]Zx; ]pcx k \ym- X v , Iun\yx imneym. mneyx
]o `qXzm ]pcx ]pcpj Bhni ZnXn. k hm Iuin-Im KuX-am-.
Abw ]pcpjx khm- k p- ] qi ]pcn- i bx;
2. KuXa Bn- t hiym Zmn- t hiyx imn
ss\t\\ InwN\m-\ m-h rXw; ss\t\ InwN\m
eymm \`n-m-Xm-, \`n-mX B\-`n-m-Xm, Zm \`n-
kwhr-X w.
mX B\- ` n- m- X m, Zm\- ` n- mtXm KuX- a m- Z v ,
A-s\-bp Cu a[p-hns\ Z[yv Fp ]d-bp Ku X ax s s k X - h - { ] m- N o- \ - t bm- K ym- ` ymw ,
AYh- - W AiznIp ]d- p- s Im-S p- p. Cu sskXh{]m-No-\-tbmKyu ]mcm-i -c ym-Xv. ]mcm-
Is Ip-sImv Ejn ]dp: ""cp Imep itcym `mc-Zzm-Pm-Zv, `mc-ZzmtPm `mc-Zzm-Pm KuX-
]pc-sf Dm-n. \mep- Im- ep ]pc- sf Dm-n, ]pc- am KuXtam `mc-Zzm-Pm-Z,v `mc-ZzmPx ]mcm-i-cymXv
Dm- n- b- Xn-\p-tijw BZy-am- bn, B Cuiz-c ]n ]mcm-i tcym ss_P-h m- ] m- b -\ m-Z v , ss_Phm
Bbn- on- v, ]pc-- fn {]th-in-p. A-s\-bp Cu ]mb\x Iuin-Im-bt\x

N P

I 3. Iuin-Im-b-\ nLrX Iuin-I m-Zv, LrX-I uin
Ix ]mcm-i-cym-b-Wm-Xv, ]mcm-i-cym-bWx ]mcmi-
cym-Xv, ]cm-itcym PmXq-IWym-Zv, PmXq-IWy
Bkp-c m-b-W m bmkvI mm - f -f kpcm-b W
kv s s{Xh- t W, k v s s{Xh- W n- c u- ] - P - - t \,
cu]P\n-cm-k p-tc, cmkp-cn`m-cZ- zm-Pm-Zv, `mc-
ZzmP Bt{X-bm, `mt{X-tbm-am-t, mnKu-
XamZv, KuXtam KuX-am-Zv, KuX-tam-hm-ym-Zv,
hmyx imn-eym-X v, imneyx ssItim
cymXv Im]ymXv ssItimcyx Im]yx Ipamc
lmcn-Xm-Xv, Ipam-c-lm-cntXm Kme-hm-Zv, Kme thm
hnZ`o-Iu-n-\ym-Zv, hnZ`n-Iunt\ym h-
\-]mtXm _m{`-hm-Zv, h-\-]mZv _m{`hx ]Yx
ku`-cmXv ]mx ku`tcm -f bmkym-Zm-MvKn-c-
km-Z,v Abmky BMvKn-ck B`q-tXkv Xzm{m-
Zv, B`q-XnkvX zm tdm hniz-c q-] m- z- v-dm,
hniz-cq-] kvXzmvtdm - f izn`ym, aizn-\ u-Z-[oN
AYhmWmZv, Z[y-m-YhtWm f- YhtWm
ssZhm, ZYhssZthm artXymx {]m[zw k\m,
arXypx {]m[zw k\x {][zw-k-\m-X v, {][z-k\
GItj, tcIjnhn- { ]- N n- t , n{]- N n-
nhy-t, ymnx k\mtcmx, k\mcpx k\m-
X-\m-Xv, k\mX\x k\-Km-Xv, k\Kx ]c-ta-n\:
]ctajvTn{_--tWm, {_ kzbw`qx {_tW
\ax
A\-cw {_-hn-Zy-bpsS BNm-cy-]c - -c ]d-b-s-
Spp:- ]uXn-am-jy Ku]-h\ - -\-\n \npw Ku]-h-\
]uXn-am-j y-\ n\n-pw, ]uXn-a m-j y Ku]-h -\ -\ n
\npw, Ku]-h - \ Iuin- I -\ n\n- pw, Iuin-I
Iun-\y-\n\n- pw, Iun-\y imn-ey-\n\n-
pw, imn-ey sIuinI-\n\npw KuX-a-\n\n-pw,
KuX-a Bn-th-iy-\n\n-pw, Bn-th-iy imn-
ey-\n\npw A\-`n-m-X-\n\n-pw, A\-`n-m-X B\-
`n-m-X-\n\n-pw, B\-`n-m-X B\-`n-m-X-\n\n-pw,
B\-`n-m-X KuX-a-\n\n-pw, KuX-a sskX-h-\n\n-
pw {]mNo-\-tbm-Ky-\n\n-pw, sskX-h\pw {]mNo-\-tbm-
Ky\pw ]mcm-i-cy-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cy `mc-Zzm-P-\n\n-
pw, `mc-Zzm-P `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw KuX-a-\n\n-pw,
KuX-a `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw `mc-Zzm-P ]mcm-i-cy-\n\n-
pw, ]mcm-i-cy ss_P- hm-]m-b-\n\n-pw, ss_P-hm-]m-
b-\ Iuin-Im-b-\n\n-pw, Iuin-Im-b-\n-Lr-X-Iu-in-
I ]mcm-i-cym-b-W-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cym-b-W ]mcm-i-
cy-\n\n-pw, ]mcm-i-cy PmXq-IWy-\n\n-pw, PmXq-
IWy Bkp-cm-b-W-\n\npw bmkvX- \n\n-pw,
Bkp-cm-b-W ss{Xh-Wn-bn\n-pw, ss{XhWn Hu]-P-
-\ n-b n\n- pw, Hu]-P- \n Bkp-c n-b n\n- pw,
Bkpcn `mc-Zzm-P-\n\npw, `mc-Zzm-P- Bt{X-b.-\n\n-
pw, Bt{X-b amn-bn\n-pw, amn KuX-a-\n\n-
pw, KuX-a hmy-\n\n-pw, hmy imn-ey-
N P
306
\n\n-pw, imn-ey ssItim-cy-\mb Im]y-\n\n- K
pw, ssItim-cy-\mb Im]y Ipam-c-lm-cn-X- \n\n-pw,
Ipam-c-lm-cn-X Kme-h-\n\n-pw, Kme-h hnZ`n-Iu-
n-\y- \n\npw hnZ`n Iun-\y _m{`-h-\mb h-
\-]m-n\n-pw, _m{`-h-\mb h-\-]mv ku`-c-\mb
]m-hn\n-pw, kuc-`\ - mb ]mhv BMvKn-c-k-\mb
Bbm-ky-\n\npw BMvKn-c-k-\mb Bbm-ky Xzm{-
\mb B`q-Xn-bn\n-pw, Xzm{-\mb B`qXn Xzm{-\mb
hniz-cq-]-\n\npw Xzm{-\mb hniz-cq- ] Aizn-I-fn\n-
pw, Aizn- I Z[yMv F BY- W- \n\n- pw, Z[yv
F BY-W ssZh-amb AYm-hn\n-pw, ssZh-
amb AYmhv {]m[zw-k-\-\mb arXyp-hn\n-pw, {]m[zw-
k-\-\ mb arXyp {][zw-k -\ -\ n\n- pw, {][zw-k-\
GIjn-bn\n-p-w, GIjn hn{]-Nn-n-bn \npw,
hn{]-Nnn hrn-bn\n-pw, hyn k\m-cp-hn \npw,
k\mcp k\m-X-\-\n\npw k\m- X-\ k\-K-\n\n-pw,
k\- K ]c- t a- n- b n \n pw ]c- t ajv T n {_-
n\npw PmX-\m-bn. {_w kzbw-`q-h-\m-Ip-p. {_-
n\p \a-kvIm-cw.
aqmw Aymbw
Hmw {_mWw
1. D] Hmw P\tIm l sshtZtlm _lp-Zn
tW\ bt-t\-tP. X{Xl Ipcp-]-m-em\mw
{_Wm A`n-k-taXm _`qhpx. Xkyl P\-
Iky sshtZ- l ky hnm- k m- _ - ` q- h , Ix
kzntZ-tXjmw {_m-W\
- ma B Nm\-Xa CXn.
k l Khmw kl-{k-a-h-cp-tcm-[. Zi-Zi ]mZm
GssI-Ikymx irMvK-tbm-cm-_m _`qhpx.
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I hfsc Zn-W-bp-, As-
n _lp-Z-n-W-sap t]cp- bw-sImv bPn-p.
B b-n Ipcp-tZ-ipw ]mm-e-tZ-i-p-ap
{_m-W hp-Iq-Sn. B P\-I\v ""Ch-cn Ghpw ]Tn-
p--h BcmWv?'' Fv Pnmk Dmbn Atlw
Bbncw ]ip-sf Ah-tcm-[np; sXmgp-p-c-bn tiJ-cn-
n-p. Hmtcm ]ip-hn-sbpw cp cp sImp-I- fn-epw-IqSn
]Xp-p Im ]ew (c--c--ew) kzw sI-s-n
-cp-p.
2. D] Xm tlmhmN- ""{_mWm `Khtm,
tbm thm {_njvTx k GXm Km DZP Xm''
anXn. tXl {_mWm \ Z[rjv Tx. AYl
bm-hevIyx kztah {_-Nm-cn-WaphmssN
Xmx tkmtaym-ZP kma-{i-hm CXn. XmtlmZm-
N-Im-c. tX l {_m-Wm-p-{Ip[px ""IYw t\m
{_njvtTm {_hoX?'' CXn. AYl P\-Iky
sshtZ- l ky tlmXm - f iztem _`qh, k
ssl\w ] {] ""Xzw \p t\m bmhevIy

I {_njvtTm knx'' CXn. k tlm hmN:""\tam
hbw {_n-j vTmb Iptm tKmImam Gh
hbw kvax'' CXn. Xw l XX Gh {]pw Zt{[
tlmXm -f izex
B {_m-W-tcmSv P\-I ]dp: ""`K-hm-m-cmb
{_m-W-tc, \n-fn Ghpw {_m-hm-bn-cn-p--h
Btcm Atlw Cu tKmsf sXfn-p- sIm--s-kz Krl-
n-tep ASn-p-sImp s]mbvsm-s'' Fv. B
{_m-W AXn\v ss[cy-s-n-. A\-cw bm-h-
evIy kzw {_-Nm-cn-tbm-Sp-Xs ]d-p. A-tbm,
kuay, kma-th-Zs {ihn-p--h-t\, Cu ]ip-sf
sXfn- p-sImp t]mhpI Fv. B ]ip-sf B {_-
Nmcn BNmcy Krl-n-tep sXfn-p-sIm-p-t]m-bn. B
{_m-W t{Im[n-p--F- s\ \psS Iq-n {_n-
jvT Fv Hcp-h ]dbpw? A\--cw, hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb
P\-Is tlmXm-hm-bn--E-Xzn-mbn Aiz- e Fsm-cm
Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah bm-h-evIy-t\mSp tNmZnp:
Atbm bm-hevIy \obmtWm \psS Iq-n
{_n-jT v ? bm-h-eI v y ]dp: \mw {_n-jTv \v
\a-kvImcw sNp-p. \mw tKmsf B{K- ln-p--h
am{X-am-Ip-p. DS Xs tlmXm-hmb Aiz-e B
bmm-h-evIy-t\mSp tNmZn-m \n-bn-p.
3. D] bm- h tIy- X n- t lm- h m- N ""bZnZw
kw arXyp\m -f -f ]vXw; kw arXyp\m -
f `n]w; tI\ bP-am-t\m-a r-tXym-cm-]vXn-a-Xn-ap-
NytX?'' CXn. tlm{XXznPm - f n\m hmNm.
hmssKz bky tlmXm; XtZybw hmIvtkm
f- banx; k tlmXm; kapnx km f- Xnapnx
""Atbm bm-hIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-
v, ]dp: ""Cu I-ns km[-\-amb EXznp apX-
em-b-sXmw arXyp-hn-\m kzm`m-hn-I-amb B kwK-tm-
Sp-Iq-Snb I-cq-]a - mb arXyp-hn-\m, B]vX-am-Ip-p,
hym]vX-am-Ip-p. Fmw arXyp-hn-\m hio-Ic - n--s-n-cn-
bpw sNp-p. GXp Zji- \-cq-]- amb km[\w sImm-
Wv, bP-am-\ arXyp-hns hym]vXnsb AXn-{I-anv ap-
\m-bn-o-cp-Xv?'' ""tlmXm-hmb EXznpw An-bp-amb
hmp-sIm-v.'' Fp bmhIy ]d-p. CXns
Aw ]d-bpp: bP- am-\s hmp-X-s-bmWv tlmXm-
hv. AXn Cu hmv GtXm AXmWv AXns A[n-ssZ-
h-X-amb An. B An tlmXm-hm-Ip-p. B tlmXm-h,v
An-cq-]-n Zin--s-Sp B tlmXm-hv, apn-bm-
Ipp; bP-am-\\p apn-km-[-\a - m-Ipp. B apn AXn-
ap-n-bm-Ipp; AXn-apn km[-\-am-Ip-p.
4. D] ""bm-hevtIy'' Xn tlmhmN ""bZnZw
k-a-tlm-c m-{Xm-` ym-am-] vX , kh-a-tlmcm{Xm
` ym- a - ` n- ] w ; tI\ - b - P - a mt\ m - f tl mc m-
{Xtbmcm]v X n- a - X n- a p- N ytX?'' CXn. ""A[z- p-
WXznPm Npjm -f -f ZntXy\; Npssh-
N P
307
b- - k ym[zcyx; XZy- Z nXw Npx tkm - f K
kmhm-ZnXyx; tkm f- [zcyx; kapnx; km -f Xn
apnx.
""b-h-eI v y.'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXnv Aiz-e
]dp: ""Cubp--sXmw Atlm-cm-{X- -fm hym]vX-
am- Ip-p. Fm Atlm-cm-{X--fm A`n-]- -am-bn-cn-pp
(h-io-I-cn- -s-n- cn--s-n-cn- p-p.) GXp Zi-\w-sIm-m-
Wv, bP-am-\ Atlm- cm-{X--fpsS B]vXn-sb, hym]vXnsb
AXn-{I-anv ap-\m-bn-o-cp-Xv? A[z-cy-shp EXzn-
pw, Nppw Bb BZn-Xy-s\-smv'' Fv bm-
hIy ]d-p-Xp-S-n. ""bP-am-\s Np-p-X-s-bm-
Wv. A[zcyp AXn Cu Npv GtXm AXmWv B BZn-
Xy. B BZn-Xy A[z-cyp-hm-Ip-p. B A[zcyp apn-
bm-Ip-p-- apn km[-\-am-Ip-p. B apn AXn-ap-n-bm-
Ip-p.
5. D] ""bm-htIyXn'' tlmhm-N ""bZnZw
khw ]q- ] m ] c- ] - m- ` ym- a m]v X w;
khw ]q- ] - m- ] - c - ] - m- ` ym- a - ` n- ] - w;
tI\bP-am\x ]qh-]-m-]-c-]--tbm-cm-]vXn-a-
Xn-apNytX?'' CXn DZvK m-{X. XznPm hmbp\m
{]mtW\. {]mtWm ssh b-tkym-ZvKmXm;
XZvtbm -f bw {]mWx k hmbpx; k DZvKmXm;
kapnx; km f- Xnapnx.
""bm-hIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz- e
]dp: ""Ch-sbmw ]qh-] - -mepw A]c ]-
mepw hym]vX-am-Ip-p. Fmw ]qh-]--mepw A]-
c-]-- mepw hio-I-cn- -s-n-cn-p-p. GXp Zi-\w-sIm-
m-Wv, bP-am-\ ]qh ]qh-] - -n-tbpw A]-c-]-
-n-sbpw hym]vXnsb AXn-{I-anp ap-\m-bn-o-cp-
Xv?'' ""DZvKmXmsh EXznpw hmbphpw Bb {]mW-s\-
sm-v. b-ns (b-P-am-\s) {]mWX- -s- bmWv
DZvKm-Xm-hv. AXn Cu {]mW GtXm AXp hmbp-hm-Ip-
p. B hmbp DZvKm-Xm-hm-Ip-p. B DZvKm-Xmhv apn-bm-
Ipp (ap-n-km-[-\-am-Ip-p.) B apn AXn-apn km[-
\-am-Ip-p.''
6. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN: ""bZnZ a-
cn--a-\m-ca _W-anh; tI\ -f f- {ItaW bP-
am\x kzw temI-am-{I-atX?'' CXn. ""{_-
WXzn-Pm-a-\-km-N-t{-W. at\m sshbky
{_m; XZy-`nZw a\x, tkm -f kuN{x; k{_-
, kapnx km -f Xnapnx
""b-hevIy'' Fp kwt_m-[-\-sNbvXv Aiz-e
]d-p: ""Cu A-cow Bew-_- \- an-m--Xp-t]mse Ccn-
pp Fsmcp Ah-w-`w-sIm-m-W,v bP-am-\ kz-
tem-Is B{I-an-p-Xv? {]m]n-p-Xv? {_m-sh
EXznpw a\pw Bb N{-s\-smv b-ns (b-
P-am-\-s) a\- p-X- s- bmWv {_m-sh EXzn-v, AXn
 308

I Cu a\-s-Xv B N{-\m-Ip-p. B N{ {_m-sh bmtWm tlman--s-m `qan-bn t]mbn-n-S-p-Xv K

EXzn-m-Ip-p. B {_mhv apn-km-[\ - -am-Ip-p. B Ah- sb-smv a\p-jy-tem-I-s-s Pbn-pp a\p-
apn AXn-ap-n-km-[-\a
- m-Ip-p.'' Cs\ AXn-tam-- jy-temIw Xmsg nXn sNp--t]m- se-bm-Wtm Ccn-p-
. -Xv.
7. D] AY kZx 10. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN IXn`n cb-
aZy {_m- b - w- Z - n- W tXm tZh- X m- ` n
A\-cw k-p-I ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
tKm]m-b Xo Xn. GImtb Xn. IXam ssktI
8. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhm-N ""IXn`nc-b- Xn. a\ Gth Xn. A\w sshat\m f- \m
a-ZyKv`ntlmXm -f kvan bt IcnjyXo'' hntiz tZhm, A\--tah ktX\ temIw Pb-
Xn. ""Xnkr`n'' cnXn. ""IX-amkvXmkvXn{k'' CXn. Xn.
""]ptcm-\p-hm-IymN bmPymN isskyh XrXo-
bm-h evI y Fp hnfnv Aiz-e ]dp:
bm.'' ""Inw Xm`nP-bXn'' Xn ""bXv Inw tNZw
Ctm Cu {_m-hv, {_m-sh EXznv he-p-h-
{]mW`r'' ZnXn.
iv Ccp- p- s Imv F{X- t Z- h - X - I - s f- s m- mWv
""bm-hevIy'' Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz-e bs cn-p-Xv? Hcp tZh- X-sb-smv Fp- -
]dp: ""Cv, Cu b-n tlmXmhv F{X-Xcw Ep- cw, B Hcp tZhX GXv? Fp tNmZyw. a\-p-Xs Fp-
I-sf-sm-mWv ikv{Xs iwkn-p-Xv? aqp-Xcw - cw. a\p A\-- sap {]kn- -am-W- tm. hniz- -tZ-h-m
Ep-I-sf-v'' Fp bm-h-eI v y Dcw ]d-p. A\--m Fp ]kn--am-Wv. AXp-sIm-v, a\-ns\
""B aqv GsXmw?'' Fp Aize tNmZn-p. ""]ptcm-\p- hniz-tZ-h-m-cm-bn-m-Wp--Xp-sImv Ah (D-]m-k-I)
hm-Iy-bpw-bm-Py-bpw, ikybpw Xs.'' Fv bm-h- A\--amb temI-s-s Pbn-p-p.
evIy adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""B Ep-I-sf-smv Fns\
11. D] bm-h-e vtIyXn tlmhmN: IXy ba-
Pbn-pp?'' Fv Aiz-e tNmZn-p. {]mW-\p-Xv GsX-
tZym- KvZmXm f- kvan bt kvt Xm{Xnbmx
mtam AXns\ Fmw'' Fp bm-h-eI v y adp-]Sn ]d-
kv t XmjyXo Xn. Xn{k C Xn IX - a mk v X m
p.
kvXn{k CXn. ]ptcm -f \phmIym N bmPym N
9. D] bm-h-evtIyXn tlmhmN IXybaZym- isskyh XrXo-bm. IX-amkvXm bm A[ym
[z-c y- c - k v an bB- l q- X otlm-j yXoXn. anXn. {]mW Gh ]ptcm\p hmIym; A]mt\m
Xn{k CXn. IX-am-kvXm-kvXn{k CXnbmlpXm bmPym; hym\x ikym. Inw Xm`nPbXo Xn.
Dz-e- n, bm lqXm AXn-t\-ZtbmlqXm ]rYn-ho-tem-I-tah ]ptcm-\ p-hm-Iymbm PbXn;
AXn-ti-c-tX. Inw Xm`n-bXoXn. bm lqXm A-co- -temIw bmPy-bm, ZyptemIw iky-
Dze-n, tZh-tem-I-ta-h-Xm-`n PbXn; Zo]yX bm. XtXm l tlmXm -f ize D]-c-cma
Ch ln tZh-temIx bm lqXm AXn-tX-Zt
bm-h evI y Fp hnfnv Aiz-e ]dp:
]nXr-tem-I-tah Xm`nP-b-Xn. AXoh ln ]nXr-
Ctm Cu b-n Cu DZvKm-Xmhp F{X kvtXm{Xn-
temIx bm lqXm A[n-ti-ctX a\p-jy-tem-I-
b-Isf kvX pXn- pp? aqv Fp--c w. B aqv
tah Xm`nP-b-Xn. A[ Ch lna\p-jy-temIx
GsXmw? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hmIybpw
b-hevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Aiz-e bmPybpw; aqm-a-tXv iky-Xs Fp--cw. Aym-
]dp: Cv Cu b-n Cu A[zcyp F{X Blq- -ambn Ah GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hmIy
Xn-Isf tlman-pp? aqv Fp bm-he - vIy ]d- {]mWX-s. bmPy A]m-\-\m-Ip-p. iky hym\-\mWv
p. B aqv GsXmw? Fv Aiz- e tNmZn-p. Gh- Fp--cw. Ah-sb-smv Fns\ Pbn-pp? Fp
bmtWm lqX-I-fm-bnp Dz-en-p-Xv Ah-bpw, Gh- tNmZyw. ]ptcm-\p-hm- Iy-sImp ]rYn-ho- tem- Is Pbn- p-
bmtWm lpX-I-fm-bnv Dzen-p-Xv Ah-bpw, Gh- p. bmPy-sImp A- co--tem- Is Pbn-p- p. iky-
bmtWm lpX- I- fm-bnv Ghpw i_vZn- p-Xv Ahbpw Gh- sImv Zyptem-Is Pbn- pp bm-h- eI v y Dcw
bmtWm tlman--s-m Iogvt]m-p-t]mbn `qan-bn InS- \In. A\-cw tlmXm- hmb Aiz- e D]-c- an-p-- A-S- n.
p-Xv Ahbpw Fv Dcw ]d-p. B Blq-Xn-I-sf-
smv Fns\ Pnb-pp? Fp tNmZyw. Gh-bmtWm
tlman- - s- m Dz-en- p-Xv Ah-sb-smv tZh- tem- cmw {_mWw
Is Pbn-p-p. tZh-temIw {]Im-in-p-- Xp-t]m-se-bp-
12. D] AY ssl\w Pmc-XvIm-ch B-`mKx
-XmW-tm. Gh-bmtWm tlman--s-m A[nI i_vZn-
] {] ; bm - h tIyX n tl mhmN -
-s-Sp-Xv Ah-sb-mv ]nXr-tem-I-s-s Pbn-
IXn{Klmx? IpXy- X n- { Klmx? CXn. Au
p-p. ]nXr-temIw Ghpw i_vZn-p--Xm-Wtm. Gh-

N P

I {Klmx Am-h-Xn-{Klmx CXn. tb tX f- u
{Klm Am-h-Xn-{Klmx ImXta tX? CXn.
A\--cw, Aiz-e hnc-an- X
- ns tijw, Ch-t\m-Sv,
bm-hIy-t\mSv Pcm-cp-hns tKm{X-n P\n
B-`m-K, EX-`m- Ks ]p{X tNmZn-p-t]m. bm-
hevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Abm ]dp: {Kl-
F{X? AXn-{K-l- F{X? Fv. {Kl- Fv
AXn-{K-l- Fv Fp D-cw. B Fp {Kl-fpw
Fv AXn-{K-l-fpw GsXmw? Fv B-`m-K-h
hopw tNmZn-p.
13. D] {]mtWm ssh {Klx, tkm f- ]mt\ \mXn
{KtlW KrloXx; A]m-t\\ ln Km Pn
{LXn.
{]mW {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {]mW-\m-Ip {Klw A]m- A- am-Ip-p. GXp tZh-X-b
\ BIp AXn-{K-l- m {Kln-- s- n- cn- p- p. A]m- p--Xv, B tZhX GXm-bn-cnpw? An arXyp-hm-W-tm.
\s\ Im-Wtm K-sf temIw {LWn-p--Xv.
14. D] hmssKz {Klx; k \mav\m f- Xn {KmtlW
KrloXx; hmNm ln \mam-\ yp-` n-h -Z-Xn. Pnlzm
ssh {Klx; k ctk\ -f Xn{Km-tlW KrloXx;
Pnlzbm ln ckm hnPm-\ mXn Npssh
{Klx; k cqt]- W mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
Npjm ln cq]mWn ]iyXn t{im{Xw ssh
{Klx; k i_vtZm-\ mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
t{imt{XW ln i_vZmRv ir tWmXn. at\m
ssh {Klx; k Imta-\mXn {KmtlW KrloXx;
a\- k mln Imam Ima-b -tX. lkvX u ssh
{Klx; k IWm - f Xn{Km-tlW KrloXx;
lkvXm`ymw ln I Itcm-Xn. XzssKz {Klx;
k kv]ti-\m-Xn-{Km-tlW KrloXx; Xz Nm ln
kv]im thZ-b-tX. CtXytX -f u {Klmx;
BhXn {Klmx.
hmv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw \ma-am-Ip AXn-{K-l-
m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. hmp-sIm-m-Wtm \ma-
sf ]d-bp--Xv.
Pnlz {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw ck-am-Ip AXn-{K-l-
m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. Pnlz-sIm-m-Wtm ck-
sf ]d-bp--Xv.
Npv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw cq]am-Ip AXn-{K-
l-m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. Npp-sIm-m-Wtm
cq]sf ]d-bp--Xv.
t{im{Xw {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw i_vZam-Ip AXn-
{K-l- m {Kln--s-n-cn- p-p. t{im{Xw-sIm-m-Wtm
i_vZ-sf ]d-bp--Xv.
a\p {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw Ima-am-Ip AXn-{K-l-
m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. a\psIm-m-Wtm Ima-
sf ]d-bp--Xv.
N P
309
K
lkvX- {Kl- am-Ip- p. B {Klw I-am-Ip AXn-
{K-l-m {Kln--s-n-cn-p-p. lkvXwsIm-m-Wtm
Is sNp--Xv.
Xzv {Kl-am-Ip-p. B {Klw kv]iam-Ip AXn-{K-
l-m {Kln--s- n-cn-p-p. Xzp-sIm- m-Wtm
kv]i-sf a\-n-emp--Xv. Ch-bmWv Fv {Kl- epw
Fp AXn-{K-l--fpw.
15. D] bm - h - e v t IyXn tlmhm- N bZnZw
khw artXym- c w; ImkzXv km tZhXm
bkym arXyp-c w? CXn. Anssh-arXypx;
tkm -f ]maw; A]-]p-\rXypw PbXn
bm - h ev I y F p hnfnp B- ` m- K - h
tNmZnp: Cu hymIy-X-amb PKv apgp-h arXyp-hn\p
v mtWm arXyp A- am-bn-cn-
B An Ap-Iv A- am-bn-cn-p-p. arXyp-hn-s\-bm-
Is ]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\-m Pbn-mw.
16. D]--bm--h-etv IyXn tlmhm-N b{Xm-bw ]pcp-
tjm- { an- b X DZ- k v a mXv {]mWmx {Imaym
tlmZ\? CXn. t\ Xn tlmhm-Nb - m-hevIyx.
Ass{X-h-k-a-h-\ o-b-t, k D zbXzm-[ va m-b-
Xym-[vamtXm arXx titX.
bm hev I y F p hnfnp B - ` m- K - h
tNmZnp: Ftm-gmtWm Cu {_-hn-mb ]pcp-j acn-
p-Xv Atm Ch-\n\np {]mW- D{I-an-p-
ptm? AtXm Ctbm? C Fp bm-h-evIy ]d-
p. Chn-sS-s Hmbn tNcp-p. ]c-am-m-hn-t\mSp
tNp ebn-p-p. Ah hop-p. Imp-sImp \nd-
bp-p. Imv Ib-dn-\n-dp \nt--\m-bn-n-S-p-p.
17. D] bm-h-evtIy-Xn-tlm-hm-N b{Xmbw ]pcp-
tjm-{an-b -tX IntaXw \ Plm-X oXn\mta-X n.
A\w ssh \mam-\-m-hntiztZhmx A\--
tah ktX\ temIw PbXn
bm-hevIy Fp hnfnv B-`m-K-h tNmZnp:
""Cu ]pcp-j acn-p-tm Chs\ hnp-]n-cn-bm-Xn-cnp-
Xv FmWv?'' ""\maw'' Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p.
\maw B\--am-Ip-p. hntiz-tZ-h-m A\-- m-cm-Ip-p.
AXp- sImv hntiz-tZ-h-msc Xm\mbn ImWp--Xp-sImv
Ah A\--amb temI-sXs Pbn-p-p.
18. D] bm-h tIyXn tlmhm-N b{Xmky
]pcpj kyarX kymnhmK- t ]y- X n, hmXw
{]mW, p-cm-Zn-Xyw, a\--{w, Znix t{im{Xw,
]rYnhow ico-c, amIm-i-amu j[otemam\n,
h\- k v ] - X o- tImix, A]v k p- t em- l nXw N
tcX \n[o-btX; Izmbw XZm ]pcp-tjm`hXn?
CXn. Blc tkmay, lkvXa - m`mKm, -f f-
 310

I hmta- s sh-X ky thZn- j ym-t hm, \ \mthXXv
kP\ CXn. Xu tlmXv{I-ay a{bmw N {ImtX.
Xu lb-Zq-NXpx I sslh-XZ- q-NXpx; AY
bXv { ]- i - i w- k Xpx I sslh XXv {]i
iwkXpx ]ptWym ssh ]ptWy\ IWm
`hXn, ]m]x ]mt]-t\-Xn. XtXml Pmc-XvIm-ch
B-`mK D]-c-cm-a.
bm-hIy F hnfnv B-`m-K- h tNmZnp:
Ftm-gmtWm arX-\mb Cu ]pcp-js hmv Ansb
A]n-K-an- p--Xv, An-bn ebn-p--Xv, {]mW hmX-
sbpw Npv BZn-Xy-s \bpw a\p N{-s\bpw
t{im{Xw Znp-I-sfbpw icocw ]rYn-hn-sbbpw Bmhv
BIm-i-sbpw tcma- Hmj-[n-I-sfbpw tIi-
hr--sfbpw A]-K-an-p--Xv, chpw iphpw Ap-
I-fn \nt- ]n--s-Sp--Xv, Atm Cu ]pcp-j Fhn-
sS- b m-I pp? Fns\ B{i- b nn- c n- pp? Fv .
skuay\mb B-`m-K, ssIX-cnI! \mw cp-t]cpw
am{Xw CXns\ kw_- nv \ncq-]Ww sNmw. \apv CXv
P\- Dn-S-p-hv ]mSn-. F bm-hIy ]d-
p. Ah D{I-an-n-v, Bfp ep \nv t]mbnv
a{n-p. Ah Fp-]-d-pthm AXns\ tIp! I-
s--s-bmWv Ah AhnsS ]d-X - v. A\-cw
GXns\ {]iw-kn-pthm AXp tIpI! I-s--
s- bmWv Ah AhnsS {]iw-kn-X - v. ]pWy-amb Iw-
sImv ]pWy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. ]m]-amb Iw-sImp
]m]\m-bn-o-cp- p. A\-cw Pc-XvIm-cp-tKm-{X-P-\mb
B-`m-K- D]-c-an-p--hn-c-an-p.
aqmw {_mWw
19. D] Ah ssl\w `qPypem-lym-b\nx ]{]-
bm-hevtIy Xn tlm hmN at{Zjp NcImx
] c y- { h- P m- a . tX ] X - e k y Im] yk y
Krlmss\-a. Xky -f -f koZv ZplnXm Kh-
KrloXm. Xa ]rma tIm - f ko Xn. tkm -f
{_hoXv kp[\zm -f f- MvKnck CXn. Xw bZm
temIm\ma- m\ ]rm- a m- s sY- \ a ]rma
Iz]mcnnXm A`-h-n-Xn. Iz]m-cn-nXm A`-
h? k Xzm ]rman bm-h-evIy, Iz ]mcn-
nXm A`-h-nXn
A\-cw ely-s A]-Xy-amb emlys A]-Xy-amb
`qPyp F B bmh-evIy-t\mSv tNmZn-p. bm-
hevIy Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXnv Ab ]dp: a{Z-
tZ-i--fn Nc-I-m-cm-bnv (E-Xzn-p-I Bbn-v) R
k-cn-n-cp-p. As\ k-cn-p-sIm-n-cp R
I]n-tKm-{X-Pm-X-\mb ]X--es Krl-n t]mbn-cp-p. 21. D] AY ssl\-ap-j-kvX- m-{Im-bWx ]{]
Ahs ]p{Xn Hcp Kh-\m {Kln--s-n-cp-p. B
Kh-t\mSv \o BcmWv? Fv R tNmZn-p. Ah,
tKm{X-n BMvKn-c-k-\mb kp[-\zmhp Fv ]d-p. K
Ah-t\mSv temI--fpsS AXn-cp-Isf tNmZn-t- m Iq-
n ]mcn-n- X- m Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp? Fv R
tNmZn-p. ]mcn-n- X-m Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp Fv Ah
Rp ]d-p-X-p. Atbm bm-hevIy B
Rm \ntmSp tNmZn-p-p, ]mcn-n-X-m Fhn-sS-bm-
bn- cpp?
20. D] ktlm-hm-Nm DhmN ssh tkm -f K
ssh tX XZv bm{Xm-iz-ta-[m-bmPn t\mK- - oXn
Zzm{Xnw-i Xw ssh tZh-c-Ym-y-m\ybw temIx
Xw kaw ]rYnho ZznkvXm-hXv ]tcy-Xn. Xmw
kaw ]rYnhow ZznkvXm-hXv kap{Zx ]tcyXn.
\`ym-hXo pcky [mcm bmhZzm anImbmx
] {X w X mhm- \ - - t c W - f Imi x X m\ n{Zx
kp]tm `qXzm hmbth {]mb- Xv Xm
hmbpcm\n [nXzm X{Xm-K-a-b Zv b{Xm-iz-ta[
bmPnt\m -f `hn tXyh-anh ssh k hmbp
tah {]iiw-k. Xkvam-Zzm-bp-tch hynhbpx
kanx. A]- ] p- \ rXypw PbXn b Ghw
thZXtXml `qPypem-lym-b-\n-cp-] -c-cm-a.
b-h-evIy ]dp: B K ]d-Xv,
Ah ]mcn- n-X- m, Fhn-sS-bm- tWm, Aiz-ta-[w-sImp
bPn-p--h t]mIp-Xv AhnsS t]mbn. Fm-Wv. Aiz-
ta-[w- sImp bPnp- - h Fhn- sS-bmWp t]mIp- - sXp
]d-bmw. Cu temIw ap-n-cv tZh-c-Ym-y- BWv.
B temI-n\p Nppw AXns cp-a-Sp ]cn- am-W-n
]rYnhn InS-p-p. B ]rYn-hnp Nppw B ]rYnhn-bpsS
]cn-am-W-ns cn-cn hen--n kap{Zw InSp-p.
]ns, I-n-bpsS hmbve F{X ]cn-am-W-ap--Xm-tWm,
As-n Cu-bpsS NndIv GXp ]cn-am-W-ap--XmtWm
A{X-bpw, As-n AtX ]cn-am-W-ap--XmWv a[y-n-
ep BIm-iw. B Aiz-ta-[-bm-Pn-I-sf, C{, ]c-ta-iz-
c, Aiz-ta-[ - n Nbn- -s An ]n-b m-bn-
onv hmbp-hns ] Gev]n-p. hmbp Ahsc
Xs cq]-n-em-n-bnv ap]p t]mb Aiz-ta-[-bm-Pn-I
Fhn-sS-bmtWm Ccp-n-p--Xv, AhnsS Fn-p. Cs\
B Kh hmbp-hns\ {]iw-kn-p. AXn-\m hmbp
Xs-bmWv ]e {]Im-c-n hym]n-n-cn-pXv; hmbp-
hmWv tIh-e-amb kq{Xmm-hmbn nXn sNp--Xv.
BcmtWm Cs\ Adn-bp-Xv Ah hop-ap ac-
Ws A]-P-bn-p-p. A\-cw emlys A]-Xy-amb
`qPyp AS-n.
\memw {_mWw
bm-h - e vtIyXn tlmhmN: bm- m- Z]
tcmmZv {_, b Bm-khm--ckvXw ta

N P
 311

I hymNz CXn. Gj X Bm khmcx, K

IX tam bm - h - e v y, k c x? bx
{]mtW\ {]mWnXn k X Bm khm--tcm,
tbm -f ]mt\-\m-]m-\oXn k X Bm khm-
-tcm, tbm hymt\\ hym\oXn k X Bm
khm--tcm, b DZm-t\-t\m-Zm\nXn k X Bm
khm-cx; Gj X Bm khm-cx.
A\-cw N{Is A]-Xy-amb Dj-kvX bm-h-
evIyt\mSp tNmZnp: bm-hevIy Fp hnf-Cv Ah
]dp: GXmtWm kmm-m-bpw, asm-n-\m {`m-
hn\npw ad-bv-s-Sm--Xm-bpw, KuW-a-m--Xmbpw
D {_w, GXmtWm Fm- n- \p- ap Bm- hv, AXns\
F\np kv]- ambn ]d-p-X-cn-I. \ns Imcy-Im-c-W-kw-
L-ns Cu Bm-hmWv k-n\pw Dn-ep-Xv
Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. bm-hevIym GXmWv
Fm-n\pw Dn-ep--Xv. Dj-kX v ]nsbpw tNmZnp:
GXmtWm {]mW-s\-smv {]mW-tN-jvSsb sNp--Xv,
B Bm-hmWv km--c-am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm A]m-
\-s\-smv A]m-\n-p-Xv B Bm-hmWv km-- c-
am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm hym\-s\-smp hym\n-p-Xv
B Bm-hmWv km-- c-am-bn-p--Xv. GXmtWm DZm-\-
s\-smv DZm-\n-p-Xv B Bm-hmWv km--c-am-
bn-p-X - v. A-s\-bp \ns Bm-hm-W,v Imcy-Im-c-
W-k-ML v mX-ns Bm-hmWv khm-- c-am-bn-p--Xv.
km--c-am-bn-p--Xv. CsXm-gnp ap-Xv B-am-Ip-
p, hn\m-in-bm-Ipp Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p. A\-
cw Nm{Im-b-W-\mb Dj-kvX D]-c-an-p, AS-n.
Amw {_mWw
23. D] AY ssl\w Itlmex Iujo-X -tIbx
]{]; bm-h -e vt IyXn tlmhm- N . btZh
kmm-Z-]-tcm-mZv {_b Bm km-
ckv X w ta hymNtz Xn. Gj X Bm
khm- cx IXtam bm- h ev I y, khm-
tc? tbm -f i\m-bm-]n-]m-tk, timIw, tamlw,
Pcmw arXyp-a-tXy-X n. GXw ssh Xamm\w
hnZnXzm {_Wmx ]pss{X-jWmbm hnss-
j-Wm-bm temssI-j-Wmbm hypm-bmY
`nm-Ncyw Nc-n. b tlyh ]pss{X-jWm km
hnss-j-Wm, bm hnssjWm km temssI-
jWm; Dt` tlytX GjtW Gh `hXx.
Xkv a mZv {_mWx ]m nXyw \nhnZy
_mtey\ XnjvTm-tkXv; _meyw N ]mnXyw
N \nn-Zym-Ya
- p\n; Aau\w N au\w N \nhn-
ZymY {_mWx k{_- m Wx tI\ kymXv
tb\kymt-t\-Zri Gh AtXm -f \y`mw
XtXm, l Itlmex IujoX tIb D]-c-cm-a.

22. D] ktlm-hm-tNm-j-k vX - m-{Im-btWm bYm A\-cw bm-h-eI v y-t\mSv Ipjn-X-Is ]p{X-\mb

hn{_ qbm Zk u Ku c - k m- h i z C tX y- h - Itlm-e F {_mlm-a-W tNmZn-p. bm-h-evIy,
tasshXZv hy]-Znw `h-Xn. btZh km mZ- Fp hnfnp Abm ]dp: GXp-X-s- bmtWm {Zm-
]tcmmZv {_ b Bm khm--ckvXw hn \nv Ahy-h-ln-X-ambpw apJy-am-bp-ap {_w,
ta hymNz CXn. Gj X Bm khm-cx GXmtWm kh-n\pw Dn-ep Bm-h,v B Bm-
IX tam bm - h - e v y, k hm- c x? hns\ F\np hymJym-\n- p-X-cn-I. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv
\Zrt{Z-mcw ]tiyx; \ {iptXx t{imXmcw km-- c-am-bn-p-Xv? Fp bmh-evIy ]d-p.
irWpbmx; \ atX-mcw a\zoYmx; \ hnm- Atbm bm-h-eI v ym, GXmWv km--c-am-bn-p-Xv
tX hnm-Xmcw hnPm-\obmx Gj X Bm- Fp ]nsbpw Itlm-e tNmZn-p. GXm-m-hmtWm
k hm c x; A tX m - f \ yZm w X tX m Ai-\m-i-tb-bpw, ]n]m-k-tb-bpw, timI-t-bpw, Ima-t-
tlmjkvX m{Im-b W D]-c-cm-a. bpw, taml-t-bpw, {`a-t-bpw, Pc-tbbpw Imcy-Ic - -W-
k-MvLm-X-ns hn]-cn-Wm-a-tbpw arXyp-hn-t\bpw
N{Is ]p{X-\mb Dj-kvX ]dp: F{]-Im-c- Imcy-Im-cW kMvLm-X- ns hnt-Z-tbpw AXn-{I-an-
amtWm AXmWv Imf AXmWv IpXnc Fv amn--d-bp-- p--Xv, Ah-\mWv km--c-\mb Bm-hv. A-s\-
Xv, An-s\-X-s-bmWv Cu {_w hy]-tZ-in--s--Xv. bp Cu Bm-hns\ Adn-nv {_m-W ]pss{X- j-
GXmtWm kmm-mbpw A]-tcm-- am-bp-ap {_w, W-bn\npw hnss-jW - -bn\npw temssI-j-W-
GXmtWm km--c-amb Bmhv AXns\ F\np bn \npw hypm\w sNbvXn-v--]nXn-cn-n-v--`n-m-
hymJym-\n-p-X-cn-I. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv km--c-am- N-cys Ncn--Ww. ]pss{X-jW GXmtWm AXp-X-s-
bn-p- Xv Fp bm- h- evIy ]d- p. Atbm bm- bmWv hnss-jW; hnss-jW GtXm AXmWv
hevIy GXmWv km--c-am-bn-p-Xv? Fp Dj-kvX temssI-j-W. km[y-sapw km[-\-sap ]d-bp Ch
hopw tNmZnp: Zrn-bp-sS, euIn-In-bmb Zrn-bpsS cpw Gj-W-I Xs BIp- p. AXn-\m {_m-W
{Zm-hns\ \o ImWp-I-bn-. {ipXn-bp-sS, {ih-W- ns ]mn-Xy-s--{_--hn-m-\-s, \ntjw Adnnv,
t{imXm-hn-s\, \o {ihn--bn-. aXn-bpsS am-hns\ \o km-Zn-n-v, _e-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn nXn-sN-m Cn--
a\\w sNp-Ib - n-. hnm-Xn-bpsS hnm-\ - ns Ww. _e-`m-h-tbpw ]mn-Xy-sbpw \ntjw km-
hnm-Xm-hns\ \o Adn-bp-I-bn-. Cu \ns Bm-hmWv Zn-nv ap\n-bm-bn-Xo-cp-p. Aau-\-tbpw au\-tbpw

N P

I \ntjw km-Zn-nv {_m-W-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah
Fp kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn {_m-Wm-bn-ocpw? Fp
tNmZyw. GXp kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-pthm B
kam-Nm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn {_m-W-\m-bn-ocpw. Cu {_m-
Wym-h-m-\-n\n-v, A\y-am-bn-p-Xv B-am-Ip-
p--hn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. A\-cw Ipjn-X-Is ]p{X-\mb
Itlm-e hnc-an-p.
Bdmw {_mWw
24. D]--AY ssl\w KmKo htN-Iv\ho ]{].
bm-h -e v tIyXn tlmhm- N .- -b -ZnZw kha-
]vtkzmXw N t{]mXw N; Ikvan \p Jezm]
HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. hmbu KmoXn.
Ikvan \pJep hmbp-t cm-X t{]mXtXn.
A-cn--tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Imkvan \p
Jey- -c n- -temIm HmXm t{]mXmt Xn.
Kh-tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p Jep
Kh- t emIm HmXm t{]m Xmt Xn.
BZnXy temtIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p
Jeym-Zn-Xy-temIm HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. N{-
tem-tIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan \p Jep N{-
te mIm HmX m t{] mX mt X n. \ {X
temtIjp KmKo Xn. Ikvan\p Jep \-{X-
temIm HmXm t{]mXmtXn. tZh-tem-tIjp
KmKo Xn. Ikv a n \p Jep tZh- t emIm
HmXm t{]mXmt Xn. C{-tem-tIjp KmKo
Xn. Ik v a n \p Je zn{- t e mIm HmX m
t{]mXmt Xn. {]Pm-]Xn temtIjp KmKo Xn.
Ikv an\p Jep {]Pm-] Xn temIm HmXm
t{]mXmtXn. {_- t em- t Ijp KmKo Xn.
Ik van \ p J e p {_ - t e mIm HmX m
t{]mXmt Xn.
A\-cw Cu bm-hIy-t\mSv hN-Iv\p-hns
]p{Xn- bmbn KmKn tNmZnp: bm-hIy Fp kwt_m-
[\ sNbvXv Ah ]dp: Cm-Wp ]mn-h-am-bp-
-sXmw Ap- I-fn HmX-ambpw t{]mX-ambpw (A-Xm-bXp
s\Sp-Ibpw Ipdp-sIbpw ]nW-v) Ccn-p-p. Ap-I
GsXm- n-emWv HmX- -fmbpw t{]mX-- fmbpw Ccn- p-Xv?
Fv tNmZn-p. Atbm KmKn, hmbp-hn-em-Ipp'' Fv
bm-hIy Dcw ]d-p. ""hmbp GsXm-n- emWv
HmX-ambpw t{]mX-ambpw Ccn-p-Xv?'' Fp tNmZn-p. ""
Atbm KmKn, A-co--tem-I - -fn-em-Ipp F
Dcw \In. A-co-- tem-I- GsXm- n-emWv HmX-
fpw t{]mX--fp- am-bn-cn- p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Atbm
KmKn K-tem-I--fn-em-Ipp Fp--cw. K-
tem-I - GsXm-n-emWv HmX-fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cn-
p-Xv Fp tNmZyw. Atbm KmKn, BZnXytem-I - -
fnem-Ipp Fp- -cw. BZn-Xytem- I- GXn-emWv HmX-
N P
312
fpw t{]mX--fp- am-bn-cn- p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Atbm K
KmKn N{-tem-I--f n-em-Ipp Fp--cw. N{-tem-I-
Fn-emWv HmX--fmbpw t{]mX--fm-bp-an-cn-bvp-
Xv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, \-{X-tem-I--fn-
em-Ipp Fp--cw. \-{X-tem-I- GsXm-n-em-W,v
HmX-fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-c n-pXv Fp tNmZyw.
Atbm KmKn, tZh-tem-I--fn Fp-cw tZh-tem-
I- GsXm-n- emWv HmX- fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cn-p-
Xv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, C{-tem-I--fn
Fp- -cw. C{-tem-I- Fn- emWv HmX-fpw t{]mX-
-fp-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw Atbm KmKn, {]Pm-
]Xn temI--fn Fp--cw. {]Pm-]-Xn-tem-I- Fn-
emWv HmX--fpw - t{]m-X--fp-am- bn-cn- pXv? Fp tNmZyw.
Atbm KmKn, {_-tem-I--fn Fv D-cw. {_-
tem-I- Fn-emWv HmX- fpw t{]mX--fp-am-bn-cn-p-
Xv? Fp tNmZyw. bm-h-evIy ]dp: Atbm
KmKn, AXn-{]iv\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-I. \ns aqmhv hn]-
Xn-bvm-Xn-cn-b
v -s. AXn {]iv\-n\v hnj-b-a-m tZh-
X-sb-p-dn-mWv \o AXn-{]iv\w sNp-Xv. Atbm
KmKn sNm-Xn-cn-p-I. A\-cw hN-Iv\p-hns ]p{Xn-
bmb KmKn AS-n.
Ggmw {_mWw
25. D] AY ssl\-a p- m- e I BcpWnx ]{];
bmhtIyXn tlmhm-N at{Z-jz-h-kma]X-
-eky Im]yky Krtljp b a[obm\mx;
Xkym -f -f koZv `mcym Kh-Kr-lnX; Xa]r-
ma tIm f- ko Xn; tkm -f {_hoXv I_
BYhW CXn. tkm -f {_hoXv ]Xew
Im]yw bmn-Imw- th \p Xzw Im]y,
XXv kq{Xw, tb\mbw N temIx ]civN temIx
khmWn N `qXm\n ky-_v[m\n `ho Xn.
tkm -f {_hoXv ]X-ex Imt]ym\mlw XZv
`K-h, thtZ Xn. tkm -f {_hoXv. ]X-ew
Im]yw-bm--nImw th\pXzw Im]ym Xa-
-cym-an-Ww, b Caw N temIw ]cw NtemIw
khmWn N `qXm\ntbm -f tcm ba-bXo Xn.
tkm f- {_hoXv ]Xex Imt]ym \mlw Xw
`K-h, thtZ Xn. tkm f- {_hoXv ]X- ew
Im]yw bmnImw tbm ssh XXv Im]ym
kq{Xw hnZymXv Xw Nm-cy, anW-an-Xn, k {_-
hn-Xv, k temI-hn-Xv, k tZhn-Xv, k thZ-hn-Xv,
k`qXzn-X v, k B-hn-X v, k kh-hnZv CXn.
tX`ym - f {_hoZv ; XZlw thZ; Xtzw
bm-h Iy, kq{X-a-h n-Zzmwkv X w Nmcym
anW w {_ - K - h o- - Z - P - t k, aq w tX hn
]XnjyXo Xn. thZhm Alw KuX- a , XXv
kq{Xw Xw Nm-c ym-anW anXn tbmhm CZw
 313

I {_qbmZv thZ thtZXn; bYm th XYm{_qlo B bm-hIy ]dp: Atbm KuX-a, B K

Xn. kq{Xw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. KuX-a, hmbp-hm-Ip kq{X-m-
et{X Cu temIhpw ]c-tem-Ihpw Fm `qX-fpw sI-
KmKn AS-n- b-Xns tijw bm- h- eI v y- t\mSv Acp- s- n-cn-p--Xv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv, acn ]pcp- j-m-sc- p-dnv
Ws ]p{X- \mb Dm-e-I tNmZn-p. bm-hevIy Fv Chs Ah-b-h - Abpt]mbn Fv ]d-bm-dp--
kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv Abm ]dp: a{Z- tZ-i-v, I]n- tKm- Xv. KuX-a, AXn-\m hmbp-hm-Ip kq{X-m BWv
{X- Pm-X- \mb ]X--es Krl-n, b-im-k{v Xs sI-s-n-cn-p--Xv. Atbm bm-hIy, CXv C-s\-
Ay-b\w sNbvXp-sImv \mw ]mn-cp-p. Ahs Xs A-cym-an-sb-p-dnp ]d-bp-I. Fp KuX-a ]d-
`mcy Hcp K- \m {Kln- - s--h Bbn-op. B p.
K-t\mSv Av BcmWv? Fv R tNmZn-p. B
K AYm- hns ]p{X- \mb I_- - \m- Ipp Fv 27. D] bx ]rYnhymw XnjvT ]rYnhym A-tcm,
]d- p. B K Im]y- \mb ]X- - e- t\mSpw bw bw ]rYnho \ thZ, bky ]rYnho ico-cw, bx
Ay-b\w sNp--h-tcmSp tNmZnp Atbm Im]y, ]rYn- h o- a- tcm b ab tXyjX B - f - f
GXn-\m-emtWm Cu temIhpw Cu Phpw ]c-tem-Ihpw cym ayarXx.
hcp P-hpw, Fm `qX- epw kr-_v[--fm-bn-cn-p- BcmtWm ]rYn-hn-bn nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv ]rYn-
- Xv, sI- s-n-cn- p--Xv, B kq{Xs \o Adn-bp- pthm? hn-bn\nv Dn-ep--h\ - m-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm
B Im]y-\mb ]X--e, `K-hm-t\, B kq{Xs Rm ]rYn-ho-tZ-hX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm icocw ]rYn-hn-
Adn-bp-n Fp ]dp. B K Im]y-\mb ]X- bm-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn Ccp-p-sImv ]rYn-
-e-t\mSpw bmn- I- m-tcmSpw tNmZnp: Atbm Im]y, ho-tZ-h-Xsb \nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bm-hp,
BcmtWm Cu temItbpw, ]c- tem- I- t- bpw, Fm `qX- Aar-X-\pw, bmsXmcp kwkm-c-[-hp-an-m-- h\ - p-amb
-tfbpw Dn Ccp-p-sImv ban-p-Xv (\n-b-{n-p- A-cym-an. Ch-s\--n-bmWv \o tNmZn--Xv.
-Xv) B A-cym-ansb \o Adn- bp-pthm? B Im]y-\mb
]X--e, `K-hm-t\, B A-cym-ansb Rm Adn- bp-n 28. D] tbm - f ]v k p Xnjv T - Zv t `ym - f tcm,
Fp ]d-p. B K Im]y-\mb ]X--e-t\mSpw bamt]m\ hnZp, cy kym - f - f ]x ico- c w,
bmn-I-m-tcmSpw ]dp: Atbm Im]y, BcmtWm tbmt]m f- tcmba-b-tXyj X Bm -f cym
B kq{X-tbpw B A-cym-an-tbbpw C{]-Imcw Adn- ayarXx
bp--Xv, Ah {_s Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. Ah Bcv Ap-I - f n nXn-s N-b vX p-s Imv Ap-I -
temI-sf Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. Ah tZh-msc Adn- fn\nv Dn-ep-h - \
- m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc Ap-I-
bp--h\ - m-Ip-p-. Ah thZ-sf Adn-bp--h\ - m-Ip-p. fpsS tZhX Adn-bp-n- -tbm, Bv Ap-I ico-ca - m-
Ah `qX-sf Adn-bp- - h- \m-Ip- p. Ah Bm- hns\ Ip-p-thm, Bcv Dn Ccp-p-sImv Ap-I-fpsS tZh-
Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p. B Rv Ah kq{Xm--cym- Xsb kz hym]m- c-n \nb- an-p- pthm Ch-\mWv \ns
an-Isf kw_-n hnm-\ s ]d-p-X-cn-Ibpw Bmhpw bmsXmcp kwkm-c-[-hp-an-m--h-\p-amb
sNbvXp. B hnm-sX Rm Adn-bp-p. Atbm A-cym-an.
bm-hevIy, B kq{X-tbpw B Abm-an-tbbpw
29. tbm -f u XnjvT- -t-c - -tcm, ba- n
Ad-bm-sX-bm-Wv, \o {_-- m-cpsS kzmb tKmsf
thZ, bkymnx ico-cw, tbm -f na-tcmba-
sXfn- p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip- - sX- n \ns Xe sXdn- p-t]mIpw
b, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-a rXx.
Fv. Atbm KuX-a, B kq{X-tbpw B A-cym-an-
tbbpw F\nv Adn-bm-atm Fv bm-h-evIy ]d- Bcv An-bn nXn sNbvXp-sImv An-bn\nv
p. CXv F\nv Adnbmw Adn-bm-sav GsXm-cp-h\pw Dn- em-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc An tZhX Adn-bp-n-
]d-bmw. \o Adn-bp-Xp t]mse ]d-bpI Fv Dm-e-I tbm Bv An ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv Dn
]d-p. Ccp-p-sImv An tZh-Xsb kz hym]m-c-n \nb-an-
p-p-thm, Ah-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhp Aar-X -h pw,
26. D]- k tlmhm- N hmbpss KuX- a , X
bmsXmcp kwkmc-[-hp-an-m--h\ - p-amb A-cym-an.
q{Xw; hmbp\m ssh KuX-a, kqt{X-Wmbw
N temIx ]c temIx khmWn N `qXm\n 30. D] tbm -f cot XnjvT---cn-m-Z--tcm.
kr-_v[m\n `hn; XkvamssZz KuXa ]pcpjw ba-cnw \ thZ, bkym--cnw ico-c w,
t{]X- a m- l q hy{kw- k n-j - X m-k ymMvK m\oXn. tbm -f cn--a--tcm-a-b, tXyj X Bm f-
hmbp\m ln KuX-a, kqt{XW kr_v[m\n cymay arXx.
`ho Xn. Ghta sshXZv bmh-evIym-- Bcv A-co--n nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv A-co-
cym-anWw {_qln Xn. - n\np Dn-em-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc A-co--

N P
 314

I tZ-hX Adn-bp-n-tbm, Bv A-cow ico-c-am-bn-cn- h\pw N{-t\-mfpw \-{X- -sf-mfpw Dn-ep--h-\p- K

p- p-thm, Bcv Dn-cp- p-sImv A-co- - tZ-h-Xsb kz am-bn-cn-p-Xv Bsc-bmtWm N{-sbpw \-{X--fp-
hym]m- c - n \nb-a n- p- p-t hm, Ch-\ m-W v , \ns sSbpw tZhX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm N{\pw \-{X-
Bmhpw Aar-X- hp-amb A-cym-an. fpw ico- c- am-bn-cn- p-- Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en- cp-p-sImv
N{-sbpw \-{X- -fp-sSbpw tZh-Xsb \nb-an-p-Xv,
31. D] tbm hmbu XnjvT hmtbm-c--tcm, bw
Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aar-X- \p-amb A-cym-an.
hmbp-th-Z, bky hmbpx ico-cw. tbm hmbp-
atcm ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-a rXx. 36. b BIm-ti-Xn-jvT-m-Im-im-Z--tcm, bam-Imti
\ thZ, bkym f- -f Imix ico-cw, b BIm-i-
Bcv hmbp- hn nXn-sN-p-- h\pw hmbp- hn- t\-m
a tcm ba-b , tXj X Bm -f cym-ay-
Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc hmbp-tZ-hX Adn-
arXx
bp-n-tbm Bv hmbp ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv
Dn-en- cp-p-sImv hmbp-tZ-h- sXb \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch- BcmtWm BIm-i- n nXn-sN-p--h-\pw, BIm-
\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an. i- t- m Dn- ep- - h\pw Bbn- cn- p-- Xv, Bsc- bmtWm
BIm-i- tZ-hX Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm BImiw ico-c-
32. D] tbm Znhn XnjvT Znthm f- tcm, bw
am-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-p-sImv BIm-i- tZ-
Zru thZ, bky Zyux ico-cw, tbm Znh-a-
h-Xsb \nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aar-
tcm bab, tXyj X Bm f- cym-ayarXx.
X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
Bcv tZymhn Ccn-p--h\pw tZymhn-t\-m Dn-
37. D] bkvXa - kn XnjvTw-kvX-atkm f- tcm, bw
ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc tZymhv,--Zyp-tZ-hX Adn-
Xtam \ thZ, bky Xax ico-cw, bkvXtam f-
bp-n- -tbm, Bv tZymhp ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, Bcv
tcm ba-b, tXj X Bm -f cym-ay-arXx
Dn-en-cp-p-sImv tZymhn-s\--Zyp-tZ-h-X sb \nb-anp-
pthm Ch- \mWv \ns Bmhp Aar- X-\p- amb Acym-an. BcmtWm Xa-n--B-h-c-Wm--I-amb _mly-X-a-
n nXn-sN-p--h\pw Xa-n-s\-m Dn-ep--h-
33. D] b BZntXy XnjvT-m-Zn-Xym-Z--tcm, bam
\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm Xa-,v Xtam-tZ-h-X, Adn-
ZntXym \ thZ bkym -f -f ZnXyx icocw b B
bp-n-m-Xv BmtWm Xav ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv,
ZnXy-a-tcm ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cymay
BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-psImv Xa-n-s\, Xtam-tZ-h-X-sb,
arXx
\nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv, \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb
Bcv BZn-Xy-\n nXn-sN- p-- h\pw BZn- Xy-t\- m A-cym-an.
Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-pthm Bsc BZn-Xy-tZ-hX Adn-
38. D]-b - -kvtX-Pkn XnjvTw-kvtXtkm -f tcm, bw
bp-n--tbm, Bv BZn-Xy ico-ca - m-bn-cn-p-p-thm,
Bcv Dn Ccp-p-sImv BZn-Xy-tZ-h-Xsb \nb-an-p-
tXtPm \ thZ bky tXPx ico-cw, bkvtXtPm
-f tc, ba-b, tXyj X Bm f- cym- ay-
p-thm, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhp Aar-X-\p-amb A-
arXx CXy [nssZ-h-Xw.
cym-an.
BcmtWm tXP-n {]Im-i-km-am-\y-n--n-Xn-
34. D] tbm `np XnjvS ZnKvt`ym f- tcm bw
sN-p--h-\pw, tXP-n-s\-m Dn D-h\ - p-am-bn-cn-
Zntim \ hnZp, cyky Znix ico-cw, tbm Zntim -
p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm tXP--v-tX-tPm-tZ-h-X--A-dn-bp--Xn-
f tcm ba-b , tXyj X Bm -f cymay
m- -Xv, BcmtWm Df-fn Ccp- p- sImv tXtPm-tZ-h-Xsb
arXx.
\nb-an-p--Xv, Ch-\m-Wv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb
BcmtWm Znp-I-fn nXn-sN-p--h\pw Znp-I- A-cym-an. C-s\-bmWv A- cym-antb kw_-n A[n-
fn\nv Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc-bmtWm ssZ-h-X-amb Zi-\w.
Znp-I, ZnKvtZ-hX - -I Adn-bm--Xv, BmtWm Znp-
39. D]- - A - Y m- [ n- ` q- X w- bx kthjp `qtXjp
I ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-p-sImv
XnjvT ktht`ym `qtXt`ym -f tcm, bw
Znp-I-sf--Zn-KvtZ-h-X-Isf \nb-an-p--X,v Ch-\mWv \ns
khmWn `qXm\n \hn-Zp, cyky khmWn
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
`qXm\n icocw, bx khmWn `qXm-\y- tcm
35. D] b-{-Xm-ctI XnjvTw {-Xm-c-Im-Z--tcm, bab tXyj X Bm -f cym-ay-arXx CXy-[n-
bw N{-Xm-cIw \ thZ, bky N{-Xm-cIw ico- `qXw
cw, b- { - X m- c - I - a - tcm bab tXyjy X
A\-cw `qX--fn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p
Bm f- cym-ay-arXx.
Zi-\-s- - d-bpp: BcmtWm Fm `qX- -fnepw nXn
BcmtWm N{-\nepw \-{X--fnepw nXn-sN-p-- sNp--h\pw Fm `qX--sf-mfpw Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-

N P

I cn-p-Xv Bsc-bmtWm Fm `qX-fpw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p- 44. D] tbm a\kn XnjvT a\tkm -f tcm,
Xv, BmtWm Fm `qX-fpw ico-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, bw at\m \ thZ, bky a\x ico-cw, tbm at\m
BcmtWm Fm `qX--tebpw Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-
an-p--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar- X-\p-amb A-
cym-an. Cs\ `qX--fn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p
Zi-\w.
40. D] AYm-[ymw bx {]mtW XnjvT {]mWm
Z- t cm, bw {]mtWm- \ - t h- Z , bky {]mWx
icocw, bx {]mW-a-scm ba-b-tXjy X B
-f cym-ay-arXx
A\-cw Bm-hn A-cym-ansb kw_-n-p
Zi\w ]d-bpp:- BcmtWm {]mW-\n nXn-sN-p--
h\pw {]mW-t\-m Dn-ep-- h-\p-am-bn- cn-p--Xv, Bsc-
bmtWm {]mW Adn-bm-X n-c n-p- -X v, BmtWm
{]mW ico-ca - m-bn-cn-p--Xv, BcmtWm Dn-en-cp-p-
sImv {]mWs\ \nb-a n- p- -X v. Ch- \ mWv \ns
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
41. D] tbm hmNn XnjvT hmtNm f- tcm, bw
hmMv \ thZ, bk y hmIv i c oc w tbm
hmNatcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-
arXx
BcmtWm hmn nXn sNp--h\pw hmn-t\-
m Dn- ep- - h\pw Bbn-cn- p- -Xv, Bsc-bmtWm hmv
Adn-bm-Xn-cn-p--X,v BmtWm hmv ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-
-Xv, BcmtWm hmns# Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-an-p-
-Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X-\p- amb A-cym-a.n
42. D] b-pjn XnjvTw- - ptjm f- tcm, A-cym-an.
bw Np thZ bky Npx ico-cw, b
pc-tcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-
arXx
BcmtWm Np-n nXn sNp--h\pw Np-n-
t\-m Dn-ep--h\pw Bbn-cn-p-Xv, Bsc Npv
Adn-bp-n--tbm, Bv Npv ico-c-am- bn-cn-p-p-thm,
Bcv Np-ns\ Dn-en-cp-p-sImv \nb-an-p-p-thm,
Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhp Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
43. D] bx t{imt{X-Xn-jvT t{im{Xm-Z - -tcm, bw
t{im{Xw \th-Z, bky t{im{Xw ico-c w, bx
t{im{X- a - tcm ba- b - t Xyjy X Bm - f
cymayarXx
BcmtWm t{im{X- n nXn sNp- -h\pw t{im{X-
s- m Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc t{im{Xw
Adn-bp-n-- tbm, BmtWm t{im{Xw ico-c-am-bn-cn-p-
-Xv, BcmtWm t{imXs Dn-en-cp-p-sImp \nb-an-
p--Xv, Ch-\mWv \ns Bmhpw Aar-X- \p-amb A-
cym-an.
N P
315
K
-f tcm bab tXyj X Bm -f cym-a y-
arXx
BcmtWm a\-n nXn-sN-p--h\pw a\-n-t\-
m Dn-ep--h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc a\v Adn-bp-
n--tbm, Bv a\v ico-c-am-Ip-p-thm, Bcv a\-ns\
Dn Ccp-p-sImv \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch-\m-W,v \ns
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
45. D] bkzNn Xnjv Tw kvXztNm -f tcm, bw
XzMv\ thZ, bky XzIv ico-c w, bkvX z-N -a-
tcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm f- cym-ay-arXx
BcmtWm Xzn nXn-sN-p--h\pw Xzn-s\-
m Dn D-h-\p-am-bn-cn-p--Xv, Bsc Xzv Adn-
bp- n- -tbm, Bv Xzv ico-c -am-I p- p-thm, Bcv
Xzns\ Dn-en-cpp \nb-an-p-p-thm, Ch-\mWv \ns
Bmhpw Aar-X-\p-amb A-cym-an.
46. D] tbm hnmt\ XnjvT hnm-\m-Z
tcm, bw hnm-\w \ thZ, bky hnm\w
ico-cw, tbm hnm-\ -a- -tcm-b-a-b-tXyj X
Bm -f cym-ay-arXx
Bcv hnm-\-n nXn-sN-p--h\pw hnm-\-
s-m Dn-ep-h - \pw Bbn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc
hnm\w Adn-bp-n--tbm, Bp hnm\w ico-c-am-
Ip-p-thm, Bcv Dn-en-cp-p-sImv hnm-\s \nb-
an- p- p- thm, C-s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv Aar-X-\mb
47. D] tbm tcX-kn-Xn-jvT tcXtkm -f tcm,
bw tcmtXm XthZ bky tcXx ico-cw, tbm
tcmtXm -f tcm ba-b-tXyj X Bm -f Xcym-
ay-artXm f- rtm {Zw -f {ipXx t{imXm, f-
atXm am f- hnmtXm hnm-X-\mt\ym -
f tXm -f kvX n{Z- m, \mt\ym -f tXm -f kv X n
t{imXm, \mt\ym -f tXm -f kvXnaw \mt\ym -
f tXm - f kv X n hnm- s sXj X Bm - f
cymay-artXm f- tXym\y-Zmw. XtXm tlmm-
eI Bcp-Wn-c p-]-c-cm-a.
BcmtWm tcX- n nXn sNp--h\pw tcX-n-s\-
m Dn D- h\pw Bbn- cn-p-- Xv, tcXv Btc Adn-
bp-n-tbm Bv tcXp ico-c-am-b n-c n-p-pthm
BcmtWm Dn Ccp-p-sImv tcX-ns\ \nb-{n-p-
Xv A-s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv Aar-X\pw Zi\
hnj-b- am-Imh\pw Zin-p--h\pw {ih-W- n hnj-
b-am-Im--h\pw Fm {ihn-p--h\pw a\---ev]-
n\p hnj-b-am-Im- -h\pw Fm a\\w sNp-- h\pw
hnm-\-n\p hnj-ba - m-Im--h\pw Fm hnm-

I Xmhpw Bb A-cym-an. Ch-\n\np A\y-\mbn
Zrmthm t{imXmthm amthm hnm-Xmthm C. C-
s\-bp \ns Bm-hmWv A-cym-anbpw Aar-X\pw
Bbn-cn-p--Xv. ap-h B-am-pp (hn-\m-in-bm-Ip-
p). A\-cw Bcp-Wn-bmb Dm-eI
- AS- n.
Fmw {_mWw
48. D] AY l hmN-Iv\-hyp-hm-N--{_m-Wm `Kh-
tm, lm-l-an-awZzu {]iv\u {]yman; Xu
tNt hy-Xn, \PmXp bpjvamI anawInZv
{_tmZyw tPtX Xn. ]r Kmlo. Xn.
A\-cw hN-I\ v p-hns ]p{Xn ]dp: `K-hm-m-cmb
{_m-W-sc, Ctm Rm Ch-t\mSp cp {]iv\-sf
tNmZn-mw. Ah-bpsS Dcw FtmSv ]d-bp--]w
\n-fn Hcp-h\pw Chs\ {_-hm-Zs kw_-nv
Pbn-p-hm-\mbn Dm-Ip-I-bn-. Fv. Atbm KmKn,
tNmZn-p-sImI Fv B {_m-W A\p-h-Zn-p.
49. D] ktlm-N Alw ssh Xzm bmhevIy,
bYm Imtiym hm sshtZtlm thm{K]p{X
Dyw [\p-c-[nPyw IrXzm Zzu _mW-hu
k ] - X v\ m- X n- h ym- [ n\ u l k vtX Ir tX zm
t]mnjvtTm tZh-ta-hmlw Xzm Zzm`ymw {]iv\m-
`ymapt]mZ- mw. Xu ta {_qln CXn. {]
KmKn CXn.
Ah ]dp: Atbm bm-h Iy Rm
\ntmSv cp tNmZyw tNmZn-m t]mIp-p. F{]-Im-c-
amtWm Imiy- t\m--Im-in-cm-Pm-thm--D-{K-]p-{X-\m-b--iq-c-hw-i-
n P\n---hn-tZ-l- cm-Pmthm Rm Agn-p-I-f-n- p
[\p-ns\ Rm sIn-b-Xm-n-bnv _mW--tfmSp IqSn-
b-hbpw i{Xp-sf Ghpw ]oUn-n-p--hbpw Bb
cp ic-sf ssIbn hln-p-sImv ASp- Fgp-
t-ev p--Xv, C{]-Im-cw-Xs Rm cp {]iv\--tfm-Sp-
IqSn \ns ASp- Fgp-t-n-cn- p- p. Ahbvv
FtmSv Dcw ]d-bp-I. KmKn tNmZn-p-sImI. F
b-hIy adp-]Sn ]d-p.
50. D] kmtlm-hm-N bZqzw bm-h-e vI y,
Znth, bZ-hm-Iv]r-Yn-hym, bZ-cm Zymhm-]rYnho
Cta, bZv`qXw N`-h `hn-jy-tXym NtXm
Ikvanw kvXtZmXw t{]mXw tN Xn.
Ah ]dp: bm-h-eI v y, GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm
tZymhn\n-v--ap-I-fn-es A-I-]m-e-n\nv apI-
fnepw GsXm- n- s\- bmtWm Xmgs A- I- ]m- e-n\v ASn-
bnepw GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm CuZym hm ]rY-hn-I-fpsS
CSbvpw DXv Fpw GXn-s\-bmtWm `qX- sapw
ham-\-sap `hn- jy- spw BK-a-hn- p- I ]d- bp--
Xv, B kq{Xw Fn-emWv HmXhpw t{]mX- hp-am- bn-cp-
n- Xv?
N P
316
51. D] ktlm-hm-N. b-Zqzw KmKn Znthm bZ- K
hm-Iv]r-Yn-hym, bZ--cm-Zym-hm-]r-Ynho Cta, bZv
`qXw N `h `hn-jy-t-Xym-N X BImti
XtZmXw N t{]mXw tN
Ah ]dp: KmKo, GXn-s\-bmtWm tZymhn\p apI-
en-epw, GXn-s\-bmtWm ]rYn-hnp Xmtgbpw GXn-s\-
bmtWm Cu Zymhm-]r-Yn-hnp a[y-nepw DXv Fpw
GXn-s\-bmtWm `qX-sap h-am-\-sapw `hn-jy-s-
pw ]d-bp--Xv, AXp-B kq{Xw BIm-i-n- emWv HmX-
am-bpw t{]mX-am-bp-an-cn-p-Xv Fv.
52. D] km tlmhm-N \akvtX -f kvXp bh
evI y, tbm a GXw hythmtNm -f ]ckvs sa
[mc btkz Xn. ]r KmKo Xn
Ah ]dp: bm-h-eI v y, Fs Cu {]iv\s
\-hw ]d Atbvv \a-kI v mcw! asmcp {]iv\-
n\v Xm-dm-bn-smI. KmKo, tNmZn-p-sImI Fp
bm-hIy ]d-p.
53. D] km tlmhm-N bZqzw bm-hIy,
Znthm, bZ- h mIv ]rYn- h ym, bZ- cm Zymhm
]rYnho Cta, Zv `qXw N `h `hn-jytXymN-
-tX, Ikvanw kvXtZmXw t{]mXw tNXn.
(C-Xns A\zbw 50-m-a-t-Xn D-Xp-X-s)
54. D] ktlm-hm-N bZqzw KmKn Znthm, bZ-
hmIv ]rYn-hym, bZ-cm Zymhm-]r-Ynho Cta,
bZv `qXw N`- h `hn- j y- t Xym NtX
BImi Gh XtZmXw Nt{hmXw tN Xn.
Ikvan \p JezmImi HmX t{]mXt Xn.
(b-Zqzw apX BN-tX hsc apv ]d-Xp-t]m- se.)
AXv BIm-i-n Xs-bmWv HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-am-
bn-cn-p--Xv. Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p. Fn-em-Wv
BImiw HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp KmKn
hopw tNmZn-p.
55. D] ktlm-h m-N GXssZz XZ-cw KmKn
{_mWm A`n- h - Z - y- q- e , a\- - { l- k z,
aZoL, atem-ln-X, akvt\-l, am-b, aXtam -
f hm, bz\m-Im-i , ak-MvK , ac-k , aK aN
pjvI , at{im{X aam, Kat\m -f tXP-k vI ,
a{]mWaap-J, aam-{X, a\--c, a_mlyw; \X-Z-
iv\mXnInwN-\, \ XZviv\mXn I\
Ah ]dp: KmKo, \o tNmZn-Xv CXmWv: A-c-
sa-p- - - cn-m--sX- v--{_m- - W ]d- bp- p. AXv qe-
a-m--Xpw-- h-ep-X-m--Xpw--AWp Am--Xpw, {lkz-a-
m--Xpw, ZoL-a-m--Xpw, Nph--m--Xpw, kvt\l-
sa Ap-I-fpsS KpW-a-m--Xpw, Omb-b-m--Xpw, Xa-
-m-- Xpw, hmbp-h-m--Xpw, BIm-i- a-m--Xpw, Ac-
 317

I p-t]mse kwKm--I-a-m--Xpw, ck-a-m-pw, K-a-m- n\np ]c-tem-I-tp t]mIp--Xv, Ah Ir]-W- K

-Xpw, Np-n-m--Xpw, t{im{X-an-m--Xpw, hmn-m- \m-Ip-p. ]ns BcmtWm KmKo, Cu A-cs Adn-
-Xpw--hm-Kn-{n-b-an-m--Xpw, a\-n-m--Xpw, tXP-n- nv Cu temI-n\nv ]c-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp--
m--Xpw, {]mW Cm--Xpw, apJ-an-m--Xpw, am{X Xv, Ah {_m-W-\m-Ip-p.
Am-Xpw Acw Cm--Xpw, _ln`m-K-an-m-Xpw
58. D] XZzm GX-Z-cw KmKy-Zrw {Z-{ipXw
BIp-p. AXv Hn-t\-bpw `n- p-n-. AXns\ Bcpw
t{im{X aXw a,{ hnm-Xw hnmXr: \m
`n- p-n-.
\ yZtX m - f k vX n{Z- j vSr , \ m\ y- Z tX m - f
56. D] GXky hm A-cky {]im-kt\ Km kvXnt{imXr \m\y-ZtXm -f kvXnar \m\y-ZtXm
Kn, kqcym- N - { - a - s ku hn[rXu Xnjv T Xx -f kvXn hn mXr GX-kvan \p Jeez-tc
GXky hm A- c ky {]im- k t\ KmKn, KmKym-Imi HmX t{]mX CXn.
Zymhm-]rYn shyu hn[rtX XnjvTXx GXky
Atbm KmKo, A-s\-bp Cu A-cw, Zin-
hm A-c ky {]im-k t\ KmKn, \ntajm
-s-Sm-Xpw Fm {Zm-hp-a m-Ip-p-- Zi-\-{Inbm
aplqm, Atlm cm{Xm, A-am-km, EXhx
Im-hpam-Ip-p. {ihn--s-Sm-Xpw t{imXm-hp-am-Ip-
kwh-cm CXn hn[r-Xm-kvXn-jvT-n. GXky
p. {ih-W-Im-hp-am-Ip-p. a\\w sN-s-Sm-Xpw
hm A-cky {]imkt\ KmKn, {]mtNym f-
a{m-hp-am-Ip-p--a-\-\-{In-bm-Im-hp-am-Ip-p. \n-b-cq-
\ym \Zyx kyt tiztX`yx ]-tX`yx,
]-n Adn-b-s-Sm--Xpw, hnm-\-{In-bm-Im-hp-am-
{]XotNym -f \ym bmw bmw N Zni-a-\p. GX-
Ip- p. CXn\nv A\y-ambn {Zm-hn- . CXn\nv A\y-
kyhm A-c ky {]im-kt\ KmKn, ZZtXm
ambn t{imXm-hn-. CXn\nv A\y-ambn am-hn-.
a\pjym {]iw-kn; bP-am\mw tZhm Zow CXn\np A\y-ambn hnm-Xm-hn-. Atbm KmKn,
]nXmtcm f- \zmbmx
Cu A-c-n-emWv BImiw HmXhpw t{]mX-hp-am-bn-cn-
Atbm KmKn, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k\ - -n-em- p--Xv.
Wv--B--bn-em-W,v kqcy\w N{\pw hn[m-cWw sN-s-
-h-cm-bn--\n-e-bvp-\n-s--h-cmbn nXn-sN-p--Xv. 59. D] km tlmhm-N {_mWm `K-hkvXtZh
KmKo, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k\ - -n-emWv tZymhpw _ l p- a m- t \ y[ zw bZ- k vam- - a - k vIm- t c -
]rYn-hnbpw hn[r-X--fmbn nXn-sN-p--Xv. KmKo, Cu WaptNy[zw; \ ssh PmXp bpjv a m- I - a naw
A-c-ns {]im-k-\-n-emWv \nta-j- aplq- I nZv {_tmZyw tPXm CXn XtXm l
Atlm-cm- {X- , A-am- k-- - ]-IpXn amk-, hmNIv\ hyp-] -c -c m-a.
amk-, kwh--c- C-s\-bp Imem-h- b-h- bm-he - vIy-h-N\w tIv KmKn ]dp: `K-hm-m-
hn[m-cWw sN-sp nXn-sN-p--Xv. KmKo, Cu A- cmb {_m-W-tc, Ct-l-n\nv \a-kvIm-cw-sImp
c-ns {]im-k- \-n- em-Wv, tizX--fm-b-- sh-fp- --]- tamN\w Inp- -X n-s \- s hep- X mbn hnNm-c n- p-
X--fn\nv {]mNn- I-fm-b--In-g-tm-sm-gp-Ip---thsd \Zn- sImhn. \n-fn Hcp-h\pw Ct-ls {_-hm-Z-
I- fpw, ]Sn-m- tdm- sm- gp-Ip thsd \Zn- Ifpw AXmXp Znn- n Pbn-p--h-\mbn Hcn--ep-an-. A\-cw hmN-
tev Hgp-Ip--Xv. KmKo, Cu A-c-ns {]im-k-\- Iv\hn AS-n.
n-em- W,v Zm\w-sN-p-h- -hsc a\p- jy {]iw-kn-p-Xpw
tZh-m bP-am-\t- \bpw ]nXr- Zo-tlm-a-tbpw
A\zm-b--cm-bn-cn- p--Xpw--A-\p-K-X- cm-bn-cn-p--Xpw. H]Xmw {_mWw
57. D] tbm hm GX- Z- cw KmKy- h n-ZnXzm f- 60. D] AY ssl\w hnZKvx imIeyx ] {]
kvan temtI Pq tlmXn, bP-tX, X]-k vX - IXn tZhm bm-hevIy CXn. ksslX-ssbh
]ytX _lqXn hj- k - l - { km, Wy- h - t Z- \nhnZm {]Xn-t]-tZ... bmhtm sshiz-tZ-hky
hmky XZv`h Xn; tbm hm GX-Z-cw KmKy \nhn- Z yp-N y- t . {Xb{Xo N iXm {X-b
hnZnXzm -f kvamtm-ImXv ss{]Xn, Ir]Wx AY {XoNk- l {km CXn. Hm anXn tlm hmN.
b GXZcw KmKn, hnZznXzm -f kvamtm ImXv ItXyhm tZhm bmhevIy CXn. {Xb-kv{Xnw-
ss{]Xn k {_mWx. iXv CXn. Hm anXn tl hmN. ItXy-h -tZhm
KmKo, BcmtWm Cu temI-n, Cu A-cs bmhevtIy Xn. j UnXn. Hm anXntlmhm-
Adn-bmsX At\-Im-bncw hjw Xs Bbmepw tlman- N. ItXyh tZhm bm-hevtIyXn. {Xb CXn.
tbm bPn- tbm X]p sNbvItbm sNp--Xv, Chs Hm anXn tlmhm- N . ItXyh tZhm bm-
B I--fpsS ^ew Ah- km-\-ap-Xv BIp-p. KmKo, hevtIy Xn. Zzmhn-Xn. Hm anXn-tlm-hm-N. ItXyh
BcmtWm Cu A- c s Adn- b msX Cu temI- tZhm bmhevtIy Xn. A[y CXn Hm

N P

I anXntlm hmN ItXyh tZh bm-hevtIyXn.
GI CXn Hm anXn tlmhm-N. IXta tX. {Xb-
{Xo NiXm {Xb {XoN klt{k Xn.
A\-cw bm-he - vIy-t\mSv iI-es A]-Xy-amb
hnZ-Kv[ F {_m-W tNmZnp: bm-hevIy tZh-
m F{X? bm-h-evIy Cu \nhn-p-sIm-p-Xs
Dcw ]dp: sshiz-tZ-h-ns \nhn ]d-bp-Xp
F{Xtbm A{X- bpw; AXm-bXv: aqpw aqp-\qdpw aqpw
aqhm-bn-chpw Fv. imI- ey icn Fp ]d-p. bm-
hevIy ]c- am- n tZh- m F{X? Fv hopw imI-
ey tNmZn-p. ap-n-aqv Fp bm-h-evI Dcw
]d-p. icn Fp imI-ey k-Xn-p. bm-he - vIy,
tZh-m F{Xtb Dq Fp hopw tNmZn- p. Bdv Fp
bm-he - vIy Dcw ]d-p. icn Fp Imk-ey
k-Xn-p. bm-he - vIy, tZh-m Xo-bmbn F{X?
Fp hopw tNmZyw. aqv Fp--cw. icn Fp imI-
ey ]d-p. bm-hevIy tZh-m- F{X-am-{X-amWv?
Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. cv Fp-cw icn Fp kmI-
ey ]d-p. bm-hevIy tZh-m F{X-am{Xw? Fp
]nsbpw tNmZyw A[yw (H--c) Fp-cw icn
Fp imI-ey ]dp. bm-he - I
v y, tZh-m F{X-
am{Xw? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw Hv Fv D-cw. icn
Fp imI-ey ]d-p. B aqpw apqdpw aqpw aqhm-
bn-chpw FsXmw? Fp ]nsbpw imI-ey tNmZn-p.
61. D] k tlmhm-N- a - -ln-am\ Gssh-jmta tX;
{Xbkv {Xnw itzh tZhm CXn. IXtatX
{Xb-kv{Xn-Cwi ZnXn. Auh kh, GImZicp-
{Zm, ZzmZi m - f- f ZnX ymk vX G I- { X nw - i ,
Zn{ssivNh {]Pm-]-Xn-{X bkv{Xnwim hnXn.
bm-h- eI v y ]d-p ta]-d aqhm-bn-c- n-ap-
q-mdp tZh-m ap-n- aqp tZh-m-cpsS aln-am-hp-I
am{X-am- W.v hmkvX-h-n-ep tZh-m-cm-Is ap-n-aq- t-
bpq Fv. B ap-n-aqv GsXmw? Fp hopw
imI-eys tNmZyw Fp hkp-, ]Xn-s\mpw cp{Z-m,
]{p BZn-Xy-m Ah ap-smv; C{\pw {]Pm-]-
Xnbpw ap-n-aqp XnI-bvp--h Fv bm-h-
evIys D-cw.
62. D] IXta hkh CXn, An ]rYnhoN
hmbp-m--cnw Nm -f -f ZnXyZyu N{-
am \-{ XmWn ssNtX-h khx; GtXjp
loZw kw lnX-an-Xn, X kvamZzkh CXn.
hkp- Bscmw? Fp tNmZyw. Anbpw ]rYn-
hnbpw hmbp-hpw A-co-hpw BZn-Xy\pw tZymhpw N{-
apw \-{X-fpw Ch-cmWv hkp-.- C-h-cn-em-Wtm
Cu PKv Fmw hbv-s-n-cn-p-Xv; Fv AXn-\m
hkp- Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
N P
318
63. D] IXta cp{Zm CXn Zita ]pcptj {]mWm K
B s s - I m- Z i x tX bZm - f k vam - c n-
dmymZpXv {Ima-yY tcmZ-b-n. XZy-t{Zm-
Z-b-n, Xkvam-{Zp{Zm CXn
cp{Z-m GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. ]pcp-j-\n-ep Cu
{]mW- ]pw, ]Xn-s\m-m-a-Xmbn Bmhpw Ah
Ftm ay-am-b--\-iz-c-amb ico-c-n\nv DXv{I-an-
p-pthm Atm tcmZn-n-p-p--]-tc-Xs kw_- n-
Isf Ic-bn-p-p. Atm tcmZn-n-p-- Xn- \m cp{Z-m
Fp ]d-b-s-Spp Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p.
64. D] IXa BZnXym CXn. ZzmZi ssham kmx
kwh--cky GX BZnXymx GtXloZw kh-
am-Z-Zm\m bn. tX bZnZw khamZ-Zm-\m-bn
Xkvam-Zm-ZnXy CXn.
BZn-Xy-m GsXmw? Fp tNmZyw. Hcp kwh--c-
n\v ]{p amk--fm-Wtm D- Xv. Ch-cmWv BZn-Xy-
m. Ch-cm-Wtm CXns\ Fmw--{]m-Wn-I-fpsS Bbp-n-
t\bpw {I-^-e-tbpw FSp-p-sImv t]mIp--Xv.
Ah bmsXmcp Imc-W-m CXns\ Fmw BZm\w
sNbvXp-sImv t]mIp-pthm AXn-\m BZn-Xy-m
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Fv.
65. D] IXa C{x? IXax {]Pm-]Xn cnXnkvX\-
bn-Xv\ptc tht{m b-{]-Pm-] XcnXn. IXa
kvX\-bnXv\p cnXn. Ai\n cnXn IXtam b
CXn. ]ih CXn.
C{ GXv? {]Pm-]Xn GXv? Fp tNmZyw. C{
kvX\-bn-Xv\p-X-s. {]Pm-]Xn b-am-Ip-p. Fp--cw.
kvX\-bnXv\p GXmWv? Fp tNmZyw. Ai\n Fp-cw
b-taXv? Fp tNmZyw ]ip- Fp-cw.
66. D] IX-ta-jvUnXn An ]rYn-hoN hmbp-
m-cow Nm f- -f ZnXy ZyusstXjSv.
GtX loZw khw GtX-jSv CXn.
Bdp tZh-m GXv? Fp tNmZyw Anbpw ]rYn-
hnbpw hmbphpw A-co-hpw BZn-Xy\pw tZymhpw; Ch-
cmWv Bdv. Cu PK-smw Ch-cm-dp-am-Wtm Fp-
- cw.
67. D] IXta tX {Xtbm tZhm CXn. Ca Gh-
{Xtbm temImx Gjp lnta kth tZhm CXn.
IXau Xu Zzu tZhm hnXn. Aw ssNh-{]m-
Wt Xn. IXtam f- [y CXn tbm -f bw
]hX CXn.
B aqp tZh- m Bscmw? Fp tNmZyw. Cu aqp
temI-X-s. Cu aqp temIfn-em-Wtm Cu tZh-
mcpw Fp--cw. B cp tZh- -m Bscmw? Fp
tNmZyw. Ahpw {]mW\pw Xs- - F-p-- cw. Hcw GXv
 319

I Fp tNmZyw BcmtWm Cu ]h\w sNp--Xv, Ah hp--h BI-bp-p, Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc K

hmbp Fv D-cw. Fm Bm- hn\pw ]cm- b-W- ambn \o ]d- bp- p-thm, B ]pcp-
js\ Rm Adn-bp-p-- tm. Cu Ima-a-b-\mb ]pcp-j
68. D]--X -Zmlp cyZ-b-taI Csshh ]htX -f Y
Btcm, Ah BWv Ch. imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-p-
IY-a-[yy CXn. bZ-kvan-nZw kh-a-[ym[v
sImpI Fp bm- h- eI v y adp- ]Sn ]d-p. B Ima-
t\mXv, tX\m-[ yx IXa GtIm-tZh CXn.
a-b-\mb ]pcp-j\v tZhX GXv? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p.
{]mW CXn. k{_-, XyZ-XymNtX
kv{XoI Fp bmh-eI v y ]d-p.
B hnj-b-n Nne tNmZn-p-p bmsXmcp Imc-
71. D] cq]m-tWyh bkym -f f- bX-\w, Np
W-m Cu hmbp Hm-bn-p-Xs ]h\w sNp-pthm
temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
AXn-\ m F-s\-b mWv A[y-a m-I p- Xv? Fv
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-bWw k
bmsXmcp Imc- W- m Cu hmbp-hn CsXmw A[n-jvTn-
ssh thZnXm kymZym- m-h -e vI y. thZ hm
X-am-bnv Ensb {]m]n-p-pthm AXn-\m A\y
Alw Xw ]pcpjw kkym -f f- \x ]cm-
Fp ]d-b-s-Spp Fp--cw. Hcp tZh Bcv? Fp
bWw bam-, b Ghm-km-hmZn tXy ]pcpjx
tNmZyw. {]mW Fp-- cw. AXv {_-am-Ip- p. AXns\
k Gjx h ssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtXXn.
XyXv Fpw ]d-bp-p.
kXy anXn tlm hmN
69. D] ]rYzn-thyh bkym f- -f bX-\, antm
Bv ip-Ir-jvWmZn cq]- Xs B{i-b-am-Ip-
tIm, at\m- t Pym- X n, tcymssh Xw ]pcpjw
pthm Npp temI-am-Ip-pthm a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
pthm B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn
sshthZnXm kymZym- m-X-h -e vIy. thZ hm
B Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah am{Xta Atbm bm-h-
Alw Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cm-
evIy, Adn-bp--h-\m-I-bpp Fp imI-ey ]d-p.
bWw bam; b Ghmbw imcocx ]pcpjx k
GXp ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]d-
Gjx hssZh i Iey. Xky ImtZ-htX Xn.
bp-p-thm, B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p-v. B, BZn-
AarX anXn tlmhmN
Xy-\n-ep ]pcp-j Btcm Ah-\mWv Ch. imI-ey,
Bv, B{i-bw ]rYn-hn-Xs BIp-p-thm, temIw- C\nbpw tNmZn-p-Itb thp. Fp bm- h- eI v y adp-
v - hn- ]Sn ]d-p. B tZh\v tZhX GXmWv? Fp imI-ey
-tem-I-\-km-[-\w-- A-n- bm-Ip-p- thm, tPym-Xn- -v-k-- e]
I-ev]mZn Imcyw--a-\ - m-Ip-p-thm, B ]pcp-js\ Fm tNmZn-p. kXy-am-Ipp Fp bm-h-evIy Dcw ]d-
Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb Ab-\-ambn BcmtWm Adn-bp--X,v p.
Ah am{Xta Atbm bm-h-evIy, Adn-hp--h-\m-I-
72. D] BImi Gh-bkym -f f- bX-\w, t{im{Xw
bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. GXp ]pcp-js\ Fm
te-mtIm, at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]d-bp-p-thm, B ]pcp-j- hnZymXv kkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
s\, F\np Adn-bm-atm. Cu ico-c-n-ep ]pcp-j ssh thZnXm kym ZymPvR -h evI y thZ hm
Xs-bmWv Ch. Atbm imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-p- Alw Xw ]pcpjw k-kym f- f- \x ]cm-
sIm-p-I. Fp bm-h-eI v y adp-]Sn ]d-p. Ah-\v- bWw bam; b Ghmbw {iu{Xx {]mXn-
B imco-c- \mb ]pcp-j\v tZhX GXv? Fp imI-eys {ipXvI x ]pcpjx k Gjx. h ssZh-im-I-e y.
tNmZyw. AarXw Fv bm-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p. Xky Im tZhtX Xn. Zni CXn tlmhmN
- m-a-Gh bkym -f -f bX-\w, lrZbw tem
70. D]-I GXp ]pcp-j-\,v BIm-iw-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
tIm, at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw hn t{im{Xw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\v tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
tZymXv kh kym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k B ]pcp- js\ Fm Bm- hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn BcmtWm
ssh thZnXm kymZym- -h - e v I y. thZ- h m- Adn-bp-Xv Ah am{Xta bm-hevIym! Adn-bp--h
Alw Xw ]pcpjw khkymm f- -f \x ]cm- BI- bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc Fm Bm-
bWw bam; b Ghmbw Ima-abx ]pcpjx, hn\pw ]cm- b- W- ambn \o ]d-bp- p- thm, B ]pcp- js\ Rm
k Gjw h ssZh imI-ey. Xky Im tZhtX Adn-bp-p. t{im{X-n-ep--h\pw {]Xn-{i-hW - -th-f-bn
Xn kv{Xnb CXn tlm hmN. hnti-jnv Zm\w sNp--h-\p-amb Cu ]pcp-j Btcm,
Bv Imaw Xs Bb- X\w (B- {i- bw) BIp-p-thm, Ah-\mWv Ch, imI-eym, tNmZn-p-sIm-p-Itb thp
lrZbw temI-am- Ip-p- thm, a\vkkp tPymXn-m-Ip-pthm Fp bm-he - vIy Dcw ]d-p. Ah\p tZhX
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-ba - mbn GXv ? Fp imI- ey tNmZn- p. Znp-I Fv bm-h-
Bcv Adn-bp-pthm Ah am{Xta bm-h-eI v ym, Adn- evIy adp-]Sn ]d-p.
N P
 320
I 73. D] Xa Gh bkym f- -f bX-\w, lrZbw tem
tIm, at\m tPymXn, tcym ssh Xw ]pc-pjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
sshthZnXm kymZym--h-evIy. thZ hm Al,
Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw
bam; b Ghmbw Ombm-abx ]pcpjx k
Gjx hssZh imI-ey. Xky Im tZhtX Xn.
arXyp cnXn tlmhmN
GXp ]pcp-j-\v, Xa-p-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp- j s\ Fm Bm- h n\pw ]cm- b - W -s av
BtcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X- ta, bm-h-evIym,
Adp-b- -h-\m-I-bpq Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc
Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-b-ambn \o ]d-bp-p- thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p. Cu Ombm-a-b-\mb ]pcp-
j BcmtWm Ah Xs-bmWv Ch. imIey
C\nbpw tNmZn-p-sIm-ptb thq Fp bm-h-
evIy ]d- p. Ahv tZhX GXv Fp imI- ey tNmZn-
p. arXyp Fp bm-h-eI v y Dcw ]d-p.
74. D] cq]m-tWyh bky f- -f bX-\ w, Nq
temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym -f -f \x ]cm-b-W w, k
ssa thZnXm kymZym--hevIy thZ hm Alw
Xw ]pcpjw khkym -f f- \x ]cmbWw
bam; b Ghm-b-am-Zti ]pcpjx k Gjx.
hssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtXXn. Akp
cnXn tlmhmN
GXp ]pcp-j\v cq]-Xs B{i-ba - m-Ip-p-thm,
Npp temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPmXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-ba - mbn
BcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X-ta, bmhevIy,
Adn-bp--h-\m-I-bp-q. Fp imI-ey ]d-p. Bsc-
bmtWm Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{ib-ambn \o ]d-
bp-p-Xv, B ]pcp-js\ Rm Adn-bp-p. BZi-n
D Cu ]pcp-j GtXm, Ah Xs-bmWv Ch. imI-
ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-p-sIm-p-I. Fp bm-he - vIy
]dp. B ]pcp-js tZhX GXv? Fp imI-ey
tNmZnp. Akp Fp bm-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p.
75. D] B] Gh bkym -f -f bX-\ w, lrZbw
temtIm, at\m-tPym-Xn, tcymssh Xw ]pcpjw
hnZymXv khkym - f - f \x ]cm-b Ww k
ssh thZnXm kymZym- - h ev I y thZ hm
Alw Xw ]pcp- j w, khkym - f - f \x
]cmbWw bam; b Ghm-b-a]vkp ]pcpjx
k Gjx hssZh imIey Xky Im tZhtX
Xn. hcpW CXn tlmhmN
GXp ]pcp-j\v Ap-IXs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
N P
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b- W-sav Bcv Adn-
K
bp-pthm Ah am{Xta bm-h-evIy, Adn-bp--h\ - m-
I-bpp Fp imI- ey ]d- p. GXp ]pcp- j- s\- bmtWm
Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-amb B{i-b-a-ambn \o ]d-bp--Xv,
B ]pcp- js\ Rm Adn-bp- p. Ap- I- fn D Cu ]pcp-
j Btcm Ah-\mWv Ch. imI-ey, C\nbpw tNmZn-p-
sIm-p-Itb thq. Ahs tZhX GXv? Fp imI-
ey tNmZnp. hcp-W Fv bm-h-eI v y adp-]Sn ]d-
p.
76. D] tcX Gh bkym f- -f bX-\w, lrZbw
temtIm at\m tPymXntcym ssh Xw ]pcpjw
hn ZymXv khkym f- -f \x ]cm-bWw k
sshthZnXm kymZym--hevIy thZ hm Alw
Xw ]pcpjw khkym f- -f \x ]cm-bWw
bam- . b Ghmbw ]p{X- a bx ]pcpjx k
Gjx. hssZh imIey XkyIm tZhtX Xn.
{]Pm]Xn cnXn tlmhmN.
GXp ]pcp-j-\v, tcX-p-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p-thm,
lrZbw temI-am-Ip-p-thm, a\p tPymXn-m-Ip-p-thm,
B ]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]c-ambn Ab-\-ambn
BcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, Ah am{X-ta, bm-he - vIym,
Adn-hp-h- \
- m-Ib- pq Fp imI-ey ]d-p. GXp
]pcp-js\ Fm Bm-hn\pw ]cm-b-W-ambn \o ]d-bp-p-
thm, B ]pcp-js\ F\np Adn-bmw. ]p{X-cq-]-n-ep
Cu ]pcp-j Btcm Ah XsbmWv Ch. imIey
C\nbpw tNmZnp sImp-I-Xs Fp bm-h-eI v y
adp-]Sn ]d-p. B ]pcp-jp tZhX GXv? Fp imI-
ey tNmZn- p. {]Pm-]Xn Fv bm-h-evIy adp-]Sn ]d-
p.
77. D] imItey Xntlm- h mN bm- h ev I y
kvXzmw kznZnta {_mWm AMvKm-cm-h-bWa-
{IXmx CXn
iIeym Fp hnfn-v, bm-h-evIy ]d-p: Cu
{_m-W \ns I\ tImcn-bmn sNbvXpthm?
78. D] bm-hevtIy Xn tlmhm-Nm-im-I- teym
bZnZw Ipcp ]mm-em\mw {_mWm\Xy-hmZnx
Inw {_ hnZym \nXn. Zntim thZ ktZhmx
k{]-XnjvTm CXn. bntimth--k-tZhmx k{]-
XnjvTmx
bm-hevIy! Fp hnfn-v, imI-ey ]d-p
Cs\ Ipcp-cm- Pypw ]m-e-cm- Py- p-ap {_m- Wsc
\o A[n-t-]n-Xv {_s Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-mtWm?
tZh-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-h-bpw {]Xn-jvT-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bp-amb
Znp-Isf Rm Adn- bpp Fp bm-h-evIy adp]Sn
]d-p. tZh-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hbpw {]Xn-jT v -I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-
h-bp-amb Znp-Isf \o Adn-bpp Fn
 321

I 79. D] InwtZ-htXm -f kymw {]mNymw ZniykoXn. bn-cn-p-Xv Fp ]d-p. bm-h-evIy, CXv C-s\- K
BZn-Xy-tZ-hX CXn. k BZnXyx Ikvan {]Xn- Xs Fp imI-ey ]d-p.
j vTnX C X n. N pj o X n. Ik van \ p
81. D] Inw tZhtXm -f kymw {]XnNymw Zniy ko
Npx{]Xn-jvTnX anXn. cqt]jznXn. Np-jmln
Xn. hcp-W-tZ-hX CXn. k hcpWx Ikvan {]Xn-
cq]mWn ]iy-Xn. Ikvan \p cq]mWn {]Xn-
jvTnX CXn. A]vkznXn. Ikvan Xz ]x {]Xn-
jvTnXm Xo Xn. lr Zb CXn-tlm-hmN lrZ-tb\
jvTnXm CXn. tcXko Xn. Ikvan\p-tcXx {]Xn-
lncq-]mWn Pm\mXn. lrZtb tlyh cq]mWn
jvTnX anXn. lrZb CXn. Xkvam-Z]n {]Xn-cq]w
{]Xn-jvTn-Xm\n `ho Xn. Gh-ta-ssh-X-Zym--
PmXamlpx lrZ-bm-Znh kp]vtXm lrZ-bm-Znh
hevI y.
\nnX CXn. lrZtb tlyh-tcXx {]Xn-jvTnXw
Cu Ing- t-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-bp--h\ - m-Ipp? `hXoXn. Ghta sshX-Zym-evIy.
Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. BZn-Xy-\m-Ip tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-
Cu ]Sn-msd Znn \o GXp tZh-X-tbmSp IqSn-b-
Sn-b-h- \m-Ipp Fp bm-h- evIy Dcw ]d-p. B
h- \m- Ipp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. hcp-W- \m- Ip tZh-
BZn-Xy Fn {]Xn-j vTn-X -\ m-b n-c n- pp? Fp
X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ipp Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p.
hopw imI-eys tNmZyw. Np-n. Fp bm-h-
B hcp-W Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-pp? Fp
evIys D-cw. Npv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-
tNmZn-p. Ap-I-fn Fp--cw. Ap-I Fn {]Xn-
p-Xv? Fp hopw tNmZyw. cq]--fn Fp--cw.
jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp? Fp ]nsbpw tNmZyw. tcX-n
Np-p-sIm-m-Wsm cq]-sf ImWp--Xv. cq]-
Fp--cw. tcXv Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp?
Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT v n-X--fm-bn-cn-p--Xv Fp ]nsbpw
Fp tNmZyw lrZ-b - n Fp--cw. AXp-sIm-p-X-
tNmZyw. lrZ-b - n Fp ]d-np bmhevIy
s- bmWv PmX-s\--P-\n Ipn-sb, {]Xn-cq-]-sa-v--]-Is-
]dp: lrZbw sImm-Wtm cq]-sf Adn-bp--Xv
v, euIn-I-m ]d-bm-dp--Xv. lrZ-b-n\nv ]pd-s--
lrZ-b-n Xs-bmWv cq]- {]Xn-jvTn-X--fm-bn-cn-
h-s\-tm-sebpw lrZ-b-n\nv Dm--s--h-s\-tm-
p-Xp bmhevIym, CXv C-s\-X- s, Fp imI-
se-bp-amWv ]p{X Ccn-p--Xv. lrZ-b- n Xs- bmWp
ey k-Xn-p.
tcXp {]Xn-jT v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp bm-hIy
80. D] Inw tZhtXm f- kymw Zn-Wmbmw Zniy ]d-p. bm-hevIym CXv Cs\ Xs Fp imI-
ko Xn. ba-tZ-hX CXn. kbax Ikvan {]Xn- ey ]d-p.
jvTnX CXn. b CXn. Ikvan \p bx
82. D] Inw tZhtXm -f kymap-ZoNymw ZniykoXn.
{]Xn-jvTnX CXn. Zn-WmbmanXn. Ikvan \p
tkma-t Z- h X CXn. ktkmax Ikva n {]Xn-
ZnWm {]Xn-jvTntX Xn. {imbm anXn. bZm-
jvTnX CXn. Zombm anXn. Ikvan \p Zom
tl yh {i t - f Y Z nW mw ZZm- X n,
{]Xn-jvTntX Xn. kXy CXn. Xkvam-Z]n Zon-X-
{imbmw tlyh ZnWm {]Xn-j vTntX Xn,
amlpx kXyw htZXn. ktXy tlyh Zom
Ikvan \p {im-{]-XnjvTtX Xn lrZb CXn-
{]Xn-jvTntX Xn. Ikvan\p kXyw {]-Xn-jvTnX
tlm-hmN lrZtb \ln {imw P\m-Xn. lrZ-
anXn. lrZb CXn-tlm-hm-N. lrZ-tb\ lnkXyw
tbtly h {im-{]-XnjvTnX, `h-Xo-Xn. Ghta
Pm\m-Xn. lrZtb tlyh kXyw {]Xn-j vT nXw
sshXZv bm-hevIy.
`hXo Xn Ghta sshX Zym-hevIy.
Cu sXt-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-
Cu hSt Znn \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\m-
Ipp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. ba-\m-Ip tZh-X-tbm-
Ipp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. tkma-\m-Ip tZh-X-
Sp-Iq- Sn- b-h- \m- Ipp Fp b-h-evIy Dcw ]d-p.
tbm-Sp-Iq- Sn-h-b- h Fp bm-h-eI v y adp- ]Sn ]d-p.
B ba Fn {]Xn-j vTn-X- \ m-b n-cn-pp? Fp
B tkma Fn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-pp? Fp
tNmZyw. b-n Fp-cw bw Fn-emWp
]nsbpw tNmZyw, Zo-bn Fp--cw. Zo Fn
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. Zn-W-bn
{]Xn-jvTn-X-bm-bn-cn-pp? Fp tNmZyw. kXy-n
Fp--cw. ZnW Fn {]Xn-jvTn-Xambncnpp?
Fp--cw. AXp-sImp Xs-b mWv Zon-X-t\m-S v,
Fp tNmZyw. {i-bn Fp- -cw. Ftm-gmtWm {in-
kXys ]d-bpI Fv ]d-bm-dp-Xv kXy-n Xs-
p--Xv. Atm Zn- Wsb Zm\w sNp-p. {i-bnX-
bmWv Zo {]Xn- j v T n- X - b m- b n- c n- p- Xv F pw
s-b mWv ZnW {]Xn-jvTn-X-bm-bn-cn-pXv? Fp
bmhevIy ]d-p. kXyw Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT v n-am-
bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. {i Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT v n-X-bm-
bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw. lrZ-b-n Fp bm-
bn-cn-p-Xv Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. lrZ-b-n Fv
h- e vI y Dcw ]d- p. lrZ- b w- s Im- m-W tm
bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. lrZ-bw-sIm-m-Wtm {isb
kXys Adn-bp--Xv. lrZ-b - n Xs-bmWv kXyw
Adn-bp--Xv. lrZ-b-n Xs- bmWv {i {]Xn-jT v n-X-bm-
{]Xn-jvTn-X -am-bn-c n-p-Xv Fpw ]d-p. Atbm

N P

I bm-hevIym CXv Cs\ Xs Fp imI-ey ]d-
p.
83. D ] Inw tZhtX m - f k ymw {[ phmbmw
Zniyko''Xn. ""An-tZ-hX'' CXn. ""tkm -f nx
Ik v a n {] X nj vTnX '' CX n. ""hmN o'' X n
""Ikvan \p hmIv {]Xn-jvTntX'' Xn. ""lrZb''
CXn. ""Ikvan \p lrZbw {]Xn-jvTnX'' anXn.
Cu {[ph-Zn-n \o GXp tZh-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-
Ipp? Fp imI-ey tNmZn-p. An-bm-Ipp tZh-X-
tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-hb Fp b-hm-eI v y Dcw ]d-p.
B An Fn {]Xn-j vT n-X -\ m-b n-cn- pp? Fp
tNmZyw. hmn Fp--cw. hmv Fn-emWv {]Xn-jT v n-
X-bm-bn-cn-pvX? Fp tNmZyw. lrZ-b - n Fp--
cw. lrZbw Fn-emWv {]Xn-jTv n-X- am-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp
iI-ey tNmZnp
84. D] Al-ntI Xn tlmhmN bm-h tIym
bss{XX Z\y{Xm kvam-\ym-ssk, bty XZ-
\y{Xm-k vaXv kymzmt\m ssh\-Z -Z yphbmw
knssh-\Zv hna-Yv\oc nXn
Al-nI Fp kwt_m-[\ sNbvXp-sImv bm-
h-evIy ]d-p. GXp Ime- n Cu lrZ-b s
\n\np asm-cn-Sp hn-p--Xmbn \o hnNm-cn-
p-p-thm, Atm Cu lrZbw \n \np thsdm-cn-
Sp Bbn- cn-p--]w CXn- s\ Cu ico-cs izm
`n--tbm, CXns\ hb-p-I--I-gpIp apX-emb ]n-
I hna-Yn-tbm sNpw.
85. D] Ikvan \p Xzw Nm f- -f m N {]Xn-
jv TnXu CXn. {]mW CXn. Ikv an \p
{]mWx {]X-jvTnX CXn. A]m\ CXn. Ikvan
\z]m\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn hym\ CXn. Ikvan
\p hym\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn. DZm\ CXn Ikvan
\qZm\x {]Xn-jvTnX CXn. kam\ CXn. k Gj
t\Xn, t\Xymm -f Krtlym \ln KrlytX f-
iotcym \ln iocytXy - f kMv t Km- \ln
ktX f- kntXm \ hyYtX \cn-jy-Xn. GXm-
\y- , hmb- X - \ m, \ysu temIm Asu
]pcpjmx kb- k v X m ]pcp- j m \ncply
{]Xyp-lymXy {ImaXv Xw Xzu]-\n-jZw ]pcpjw
]rm-an. Xw tNt\ hnh-ykn aqm-tXhn
]Xn-jyXo Xn. Xw l\ tat\ imIeyx, Xkyl
aqm-hn-]-]mX A]n lmky ]cntam-tWm -
f o\y ]P {lpc-\y--\y-am\mx.
\obpw Bm-hpw ico-chpw lrZ-bhpw Fn-emWv
{]Xn-jvTn-X-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp imI-ey tNmZnp:
{]mW-\n Fp bm-h-evI y Dcw ]d-p.
{]mW Fn-emWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv Fp
tNmZyw. A]m-\-\n Fp-cw A]m-\- Fn-emWp
N P
322
{]Xn- jTv n-X- \m- bn- cn-p-Xv? Fp tNmZyw hym\-\n Fp-
K
-cw. hym\ Fn-emWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv
Fp tNmZyw. DZm-\-\n Fv D-cw. DZm-\ Fn-
emWp {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bn-cn-pXv? Fp tNmZyw. kam-\-
\n Fp--cw. t\Xn, t\Xn Fp a[p-Im--n
\nt-in--s-Xv CXm-Ip-p. Cu Bmhv {Kln--s-Sp-
hm Ign-bm--Xm-Ip-p. Fs- m, {Kln--s-Sp-n-.
ioW-am-hm--Xp-am-Wv. Fs-m, ioW-a m-Ip-n-.
kMvK-an-m--Xm-Wv. Fs- m k-am-Ip-n-. _n-
-s-Sm--Xm-Wv. AXn-\m hyYn-p-n-. AXn-\m
lnwk-bn AI-s-Sp-n-. Ch-bmWv Fv Bb-X-\-epw
Fp temI-epw Fp tZh-mcpw Fp ]pcp-j-m-cpw,
GsXm-cp-h-\mtWm B ]pcp-j-msc \nh-ln-n-v \n-b-
ambn Kan-n-nv {]Xn-hl - n-n-v-- D-]-kw-l-cn-nv AXn-{I-an-n-
cn- p--Xv--D-]m-[n- [- s- - S-ncnp-Xv, B Hu]-\n-j-
Z-\mb ]pcp-j-s\-- \n-tmSp Rm tNmZn-p-p. Ahs\
FtmSp \o hnkv]--ambn ]d-bm-Xn-cn--bm-sW-n
\ns aqmhv sXdn- p-t]mIpw Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-
p. B Hu]-\n-jZ- -\mb ]pcp-js\ imI-ey Adn-n-
. Ahs aqmhv hn]-Xn-p-- sX-dn-p-t]m-bn. Fp am{X-
a-, ]cn-tam-jn-I--X-kvI-c-m thsd [\-sap hnNm-cn-
p. Cu imI-eys An-Isf A]-l-cn-p.
86. D] AY tlmhm-N {_mWm `K-htmtbm
hx Ima- b tX k am ] r X px k thhm
am]rX; tbmhx Ima-btX Xw hx ]rm-an.
km hm hx ]rman Xn. tX l {_mWm\
Z[rjpx
A\-cw bm-h-eI v y ]d-p `K-hm-m-cm-b--]q-
Py-cmb {_m-W-tc, \n-fpsS Iq-n Bcv B{K- ln-
p-pthm Ah FtmSp tNmZn--s. As-n \n-
se-m-hc
- pw-Xs FtmSp tNmZn-p-sImhn! \n-fn
Bcv B{K-ln-p- pthm Ah- t\mSv Rm tNmZn- mw. As-
n \n-tfm-sS- m-h-tcmSpw Rm tNmZnmw Fv. B
{_m-W ss[cy-s-n-.
87. D] Xm sslssX tmssI ]{]
bm- h - e v I y Ah- tcmSp Xmsg ]d-b p
tmI- tNmZnp:
tm: bYm hrtm h\-kv]-Xn, kvXssY-h
]pcptjm f- arjm;
Xky temam\n ]Wm\n XzK-tkym
]mSnIm _lnx
h\-kv]-Xn-bm-b--h-\-ns ]Xn-bmb hrw F{]-Im-
ctam AXp-t]m-se-X-s-bmWv ]pcp-j. CXp kXy-am-Ip-
p. Ahs]p-cp-j-s--tem-a- -- tcm-a- ]W-- fm-
Ip-p--hr--ns Ce-Ip Xpey--fm-Ip-p. ]pcp-
js ]pd-ta-bp Xzv hr- ns ]pdw ]-bm-Ip-p.
 323

I 88. D] XzN Ghmky cp[ncw {]ky-n. XzN [\w Zm\w sNp- -hsbpw AXns nXn sNp- K
DZv]Sx Xkva mXv XZm-Xr- mXv ss{]Xn ctkm , AXns\ Adn-bp--hsbpw ]c-bmbn KXn.
hrm-Znhm f- -f lXmXv
Chs Xzn\np cw Hgp-Ip--Xmbncnp-p.
\mem-a-ymbw
Xzn\np D]-S-hpw--I-d-bpw. AXn-\m hr- n\pw
]pcp-j\pw Fmw Xpey- am-b-Xn-\m, Bl- X- am-b-- On--amb Hmw {_mWw
hr- n\nv Id F-t]m-se, lnwkn--s--]p-cp-j- 1. D] Hmw P\tIm l sshtZl Bkmw Nt{I
\n\nv cp[ncw ]pd-s-Sp-p. AY l bm-hevIy Bh-{hm-P. Xw tlmhm-
89. D] amwkm-\yky iI-cmWn; In\mSw kv\mh; Nbm-h-evIy, Ina-a-Nmcox? ]iq \n
XXv n-cw. Ao-\y- -ctXm ZmcpWn; am Wzmm \nXn. D`-b-tah k{am UnXn tlm hmN
atm-]am IrXm hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I Xs-m-Wm-\m-h-iy-ap--
Chs amwk- hr-ns iI-e - -fm-Ip-p. hp ImWp--Xn-\mbn Ccp-n-cp-p. Atm bm-h-
In\m-Sw--X-Sn-tbmSp tNn- cn-p sXmen-t]m-ep hkvXp- ev Iy sNp. At-l-n-t\mSp P\-I tNmZn-p tl
bm-h-eI v y. Fn-\m-bn-mWv Ap hXv? ]ip-sf
-]p-cp-js kv\mhm-Ip-p (amwk-t]- in-bm-Ip-p.) In\mSw
Cn-n-mtam? kqva-hkvXp \n-b-n Ah-km-\n-
amwk-t]-in-t]mse Dd-p--Xm-W-tm. Dn-ep XSn-I
p {]iv\-sf Cn-ntm? Fv. cpw Cn-p-Xs
]pcp-js An-If - m-Ip-p. a abvv D]-a-bmbn
k{amt! Fp bm-h-eI v y adp-]Sn ]d-p.
sN-s-n-cn-p-p.
2. D] bXv tX In-Z- {_- h o- - r-W -h mtaXn.
90. D]--bZv hrtm hrIvtWm tcmlXn aqem
A{_-ho-t-PnXzm ssien-\nhmssKz {_t-Xn.
hXcx ]p\x ayx kznr-Xyp\m hrIvWx I
bYm amXr-am ]nXr-am-\m-Nmcyhm {_qbm-Xv,
kvamq-emXv {]tcm-lXn?
XYm-X - s s- e n-\ nc {_hoZv hmssKz-{_- t-X n.
hrIvW -am-b-- tO-Zn--s hrw aqe-n\nv Ah-ZtXm ln Inw kymXv? CXn. A{_-h oXv
hopw Iptd-qSn ]p-\m-bnv apf-bvpp Fn, XptX Xkym -f -f bX\w {]XnjvT? \ tay
arXyp-h n-\m On-\ mb ay GXp aqe- n {_ho ZnXn. GI]m Zzm GXXv k{am UnXn. k
\nmWv apf-b v p-Xv? ssh t\m {_qln bmPvhevIy hm tKh f- -f
bX-\, amImix {]Xn-jvTm, {]t-tXy-\ - p-]m-
91. D] tcXk CXn am thmNX; Pohn-X -k vX Xv
kn- X . Im{]Xm bm-h ev I y? hmtKh
{]Pm- b - t X. [\m- c p- l Ch ssh hrt - f
k{aUnXn- t lm- h m- N . hmNm ssh k{am- U v ,
RvPkm t{]Xy kw`hx.
_px {]m-b tX; EtKz-tZm, bPqthZx,
tcX-n\n-m-sWv \n ]d-tb-. AXv--tc-Xv kmat- t Zm, - f Y hm- M v K n- c - k , CXn- l mk x,
Pohn-n-cn-p--Xn \nmWv Dm-Ip--Xv. hrw [m\- ]pcmWw, hnZym, D]-\n-jZx, tmImx, kq{Xm-
bn (_o-P-n) \np apf-bvp--Xm-bp-ap-v. acn-- Wy\p hymJym-\m-\ n, hymJym-\ m\ow lpX,
Xns tijw kw`-hn-pI Fp-Xv {]Xy-- am-W.v aminXw ]mbn-X, abw N temIx, ]c--temIx,
k mW n N ` qX m\ n hs sN h k{am- U v,
92. D] bXv kaq-ea - m-hr-tl-bp hrw \ ]p\-
mbs hmssKz k{am-U v, ]caw {_.
cm`thX v a yx kzn r- X yp\ m hr IvWx
ss\\w hmKvP-lm-Xn, khm-tWy\w `qXm-\y-`n-
IkvamqemXv {]tcm-lXn? c--n, tZthm-`qXzm tZhm-\-t]yXn, b Ghw
hrs aqe-tm-Sp- IqSn ]ngp-Xp-I-f-bp- I-bm-sW-n hnZzmt\ XZp-]m-k vtX. lkvXy-j `w kl{kw
hop Dm-Ib - n-. arXyp-hn-\m On-\mb ay ZZmao Xn tlmhm-NP - -\tIm sshtZlx ktlm-
hopw Dm-Ib - n-. arXyp-hn-\m On-\mb ay hmN bmhevIyx ]nXmta f a\yX \m\-
GXp aqe-n \nmWp apf-bvp-Xv? \p-in-jy- l-tc-tX-Xn.
93. D] PmX Gh, \; PmbtX; tImt\z\w P\- GXmtWm \n\v Hcm--Hcp BNm-cy--]-d-p-X-n-
tbX v ] p\ x? hn m- \ - a m- \ w {_ , p-Xv AXv \mw tIs Fp bm-he - vIy ]d-
cmXnmXpx ]cm-bWw XnjvT-am\ kyX ZznZx p. inen-\ s ]p{X-\ mb PnXzm-s h BNm-c y
hmmWv {_w Fv F\nv ]d-p-X-n-pv Fp
P\n-h
- Xs-bm-Wtm Fm-sW-n A-s\-b- P\-I ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXm-
, ]nsbpw P\n-p-p-v. Chs\ BcmWv hopw P\n- hp-- h\pw BNm-cy-\p--h\pw ]d-bp-Xv A{]-Im-c-amWv
n-p-Xv/ hnm-\hpw B\-hpw Bb {_w BWv. As\ ssien\n hmmWv {_-sap ]d-bp--Xv.
N P
 324

I kwkm-cn-m--h\v FmWv Dm-bn-cn-p-Xv? Fv {_. ss\\w {]mtWm-P-lm-Xn, khm-tWy\w K

bm-he - vIy ]d-p. Fm AXn-s-B hmm- `qXm-\y-`n--c-n, tZthm-`qXzm tZhm-\-t]y-Xn, b
Ip {_-ns Bb-X-\-s- bpw-- i-co-c-tbpw {]Xn- Ghw hnZzm-t\-X -Zp-] m-k vtX. lkvX y-j Zw k
jvT-tbbpw Atv ]d-p-Xtm? Fv bm-h- l{kw ZZmao Xntlm-hmN \tIm sshtZlx k
evIy tNmZn-p. F\np ]dp Xn Fp P\-I tlmhmN bm- h ev I yx ]nXmta - f a\yX
]d-p. Atbm k{am-t, CXv- Cu {_w Hcp Imep-am- \m\\p injy-l-tc-tX-Xn.
{X-ap- - Xm-Wtm Fp bm- h- evIy ]d-p. Atbm
GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-p-
bm-h-evIym, CsXmw Adn-bm- hp Ap- Xs \apv
Xv AXv \mw tIs Fp bm-h-evIy ]d-p.
]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I At]-n-p. hmm-Ip
iqev_s ]p{X-\mb DZ- {]mW-\mWv {_-sav
{_-ns icocw hmp-X- s. BIm-i-amWv {]Xn-jvT.
F\np ]d-p-X-n-pv Fp P\-I ]d-p. F{]-
{] Fp-hv CXn-s\-Cu {_s D]m-kn-Ww
Im-c-am-tWm, amXm-hp-h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm-cy-\p-
Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. tl bm-h-eI v y, GXp
-h\pw Bbn-cn-p--h ]d-p-X-cp--Xv, A{]-Im-c-am-
{]-bmWv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. Atbm k{am-t,
Wv, {]mW-\mWv {_-sav iuev_m-b\ - ]d-p-X--
hmp-Xs {]bm-Ipp Fp bm-h-evIy ]d-
Xv. {]mWn-b
v m--h\v {]m-W-\n-m-- h\v FmWv Dm-
p. hmp-sIm-m-Wtm _p Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. EtKz-
bn-cn-p-Xv? Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy tNmZn-p.
Zhpw bPqth-Zhpw kma-th-Zhpw AYm-MvKn-c-khpw
Fm AXn-s-B {]mW- \m-Ip {_-ns Bb-X-
CXn-lm-khpw ]pcm-Whpw hnZy-Ifpw D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw
\-tbpw {]Xn-jvT-tb-bpw- -aq-p-Im-e-n- ep-ap B{i-b-
tmI-fpw kq{X-fpw A\p-hym-Jm-\-epw hymJym-\-
tbpw B BNm-cy Atbvp ]dp-X-pthm?
epw bmKw-sIm-p-m-Ip ]pWyhpw tlmaw \nan--
F\nv ]d-p-X-n-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. k{am-t,
ap ]pWyhpw A- Zm-\-m-ep-m-Ip ]pWyhpw ]m\-
CXp-Cu {_w Hcp Imep-am-{X-ap--Xm-Wtm Fp
Zm\w sImp knn-p ]pWyhpw Cu temI-hpw Cu
bm-h -e vI y ]d- p. Atbm bm-h ev I ym
Phpw ]c-a-amb temIhpw--C-\n-bp Phpw Fm `qX-
CsXmw Adnb-m-hp Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI
fpw hmp-sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv. k{am-t, hmp-X-s-
Fp P\-I At]- n-p. {]mWX-s-bmWv Cu {_-
bmWv ]c-a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p-
ns ico-cw. BImiw BWv aqp Ime-n-ep-ap
sImn CXn-s\ Cu hmm-Ip {_s D]m-kn-p-
B{ibw CXns\ {]nbw Fp-hv D]m-kn-Ww Fp
-Xv, Chs\ hmv Dt]- n- -bn- . Fm `qX-fpw Chs\
bm-h-evIy ]d-p. tl bm-h-evIy, CXn-\p
A`n--cn-p-p--k-tm-jn-n-p-p. tZh-\m-bn-onv
{]nbXw FmWv? Fp tNmZyw. k{am-t, {]mWXs
Ch tZh- msc A]n-K-an- pw- - tZ-h-m- cn ebnpw Fp
{]nb-amWv Fp bm-h-eI v y adp]Sn ]d-p. k{am-
bm-h-eI v y XpSp ]d-p. B\-sb-tm-se-bp--
t, {]mW\p thn-bm-Wtm bPn-n-p-hm ]mSn-m--
Hcp Imf-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bbncw ]ip-sf Atbvp
hs\ bPn-n-bpw Zm\w hmm ]mSn-m--hs Zm\w
Rm Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p.
hmp-Ibpwt]mepw sNp--Xv. GXp Znn t]mIp-
bm-h-evIy ]dp: A\p-im-kn-m-sX--in-jys\
pthm AhnsS h[m-i--bp-m-Ip-p. k{am-t, CsXmw
IrXm-\m-msX injy-\n\np [\w kzoI-cn-m
{]mW {]nb- \m- b- Xp-sIm- p-X- s. k{am- t, {]mWX-s-
]mSn Fv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.
bmWv ]c-a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p-
3. D] btZ-htX In-Z-{_-hoXv Xr-Wh ta Xn sImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p-Xv Chs\ {]mW Dt]-n-
A{_- h o DZ x i ue v _ m- b \ x {]mtWm p-I-bn-. Fm `qX- fpw D]-lmcw apX-em-bXp \In
ssh{_-tXn bYm-am-Xr-am, ]nXram, \m Nmcy- Ahs\ ktm-jn-npw. tZh-\m-bn-ov tZh-msc
h {_qbmXv XYm-X - uev_mbt\m f- {_hoXv A]n-K-anpw Fp bm-he - vIy XpSp ]d-p.
{]mtWm ssh{_-t-Xn. A{]mWtXm ln Inw lkvXn-tb- tm-ep Ej- `- tm-Sp- Iq-Snb Bbncw ]ip- sf
kymXv? CXn. A{_-h oXv Xp tX Xky -f -f Rm Abvp Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n- ]-\mb P\-I
bX\w {]Xnjv Tmw? \ta - f {_ho ZnX GI- ]d-p. AXp-tI bm-he - vIy ]dp: injys\
]mZzm GXXvk{- am, UnXn, k ssh t\ {_qln A\p-im-knv IrXm-\m-msX injy-\n\np [\w
bm-hevIy {]mW-Ghm -f f- bI-\m-am-I mix hm-cp-sXv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.
{]Xn-jvTm, {]nb antXy-X-Zp-]m-kn-X. Im{]n-bXm
4. D] btZh tX InZ {_hoXv Xr-Whm taXn.
bm-hevIy {]mW Gh k{am UnXn-tlm-hm-
A{_- h o- t - _ phmjv W pssh
N. {]mWky ssh k{am-Sv, Imam-bm-bmPyw bmP-
{_t-Xn. bYm-am-Xr-am ]nXr-am-Xm-Nmcyhm
bXy {]Xn-Kr-lyky {]Xn \rlvWm-Xy-]n. X{X-
{_qbmXv X Ym X Zzm jvtW m - f {_ ho- -
h[miw `hXn bmw Zni-ta-Xn. {]mW-sskyh
pssh {_t-Xn. A]-iytXm ln Inw kymZn-
k{amSv Imamb. {]mtWm ssh k{amSv ]caw
Xn. A{_- h oXv Xp tX Xkym - f - f bX\w
N P
 325

I {]XnjvT mw? \ta -f {_ho ZnXn. GI ]mZzm
GXX v k{am U nXn. kss h t\ m {_ qln
bmh-evIy. Np-tchm -f f- bX\ amImix
{]XnjvTm, kXyan tXy\-Zp-]m-ko-X. Im kXyXm
bm - h e vIy? N p- t c h k {am U nX n
tlmhmN Np-jmssh k{am-Sv, ]iy-amlp
c{Zmo cnXn. k Blm-{Zm--an-Xn. XXv kXyw
`h-Xn. Npssh k{am-Sv, ]caw {_ ss\\w
NpP-l mXn; khmtWy\w `qXm-\ y-` n- -
cn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm\t]yXn b Ghw hnZym-
t\-XZp ]mkvtX. lkvXyrj`w kl{kw ZZmao
Xn tlmhmN P\tIm, ssh tZlx. ktlm hmN
bm-hevIyx ]nXmta -f a\yX \m\-\p-injy
ltc tXXn.
GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X- -p-
Xv AXp \mw tI- s. Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p.
hrjvWs ]p{X-\mb _p F BNm-cy Np-
mWv {_-sav F\np ]d-p-X-n-p-v Fp P\-
I ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXm-hp-
- h\pw BN-cy- \p-- h\pw Bbn- p--h ]d- bp-Xv A{]-
Im-c-amWv hrjvWs ]p{X Np-mWv {_-sav ]d-
p- X- Xv Fs- m Ip ImWm- - h\v Fm- Wp- m-
bn-c n- m- h p- Xv ? Fp bm- h -e v I y ]d- p.
]nsbpw tNmZnp- Fm, B {_-ns B bX-\-
t-bpw--i-co-c-sbpw {]Xn-jT v -tb-bpw--aqp Ime-n-ep-
ap B{i-b-tbpw Atbvv ]d-p-X-n-ptm?
F\np ]d-p-X-n-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. k{am-
t, CXv-Cu {_w Hcp Imep am{X- ap--Xm-Wtm Fp
b-hvey ]d-p. Atbm bm-he - vIy, Adn-bm-
hp Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I
At]-n-p. B bX-\m--i-c-cw- -Np-p-X-s. {]Xn-jT
aqp Ime-n-ep-ap B{i-bw--B-Imi-am-Ip-p. kXyw
Fp-hv CXns\ D]m-kn-Ww Fp bm-h-evIy
]d-p. Atbm bm-hevIy Fp kXy-amWv CXn-\p-
Xv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. Atbm k{am-t, Np-
p-Xs kXy-am-Ipp Fp-]-d - nv bm-he - vIy
]dp: Np-p-sIm- p ImWp--h-t\mSv \o Ipthm?
Fp tNmZn-m-dp--tm. Ah Rm Ip Fp ]d-
bp-p. AXp kXyw-Xs BIp-p. k{am-t, Np-p-X-
s-bmWv ]c- a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p-
sImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv, Chs\ Npv Dt]-n-
-bn-. Fm `qX- fpw Chs\ D]-lm-cm-Zn-IsImp
ktm-jn-n-pw. Ah tZh-\m-bn-ov tZh-m-cn
ebn-pw. lkv Xn-sb-tm-se-bp Ej-`-tm-Sp-Iq-S nb
Bbncw tKmsf Rm Atbvp Xcpp Fv hntZ-
lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. bm-he - vIy AXn-\p-
cw ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-knp IrXm-\m-
msX injy-\n\np [\w hmn-qSm Fv Fs
]nXmhp hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.
5. D] btZh tX InZ {_hoXv Xy-Whm ta K
Xn A{_-h ot KZ`o- h n- ] otXm `mcZzm Px
t{im{Xw ssh{_-t-Xn, bYm amXr-am ]nXr-
am-\m-Nm-cy-hm {_q-bmXv XYm-XZv `mcZzmtPm -
f {_ho-t-Xm{Xw ssh {_t-Xn. AirWzmtXm
ln Inw kymZnXn A{_-hoXv XptX Xky f -f b
X\w {]XnjvTmw? \ ta -f {_ho XnXn GI-
]mZzm GXXv k{am UnXn k ssh t\m {_qln
bm-hevIy t{im{Xtahm -f -f bX-\, amImix
{]Xnjv T m - f \ CtXy\ Zp]m- k nX I - f
\Xm bm-hevIy? Zni Gh k{am, UnXn
tlm hmN. Xk-avmssZz k{am, U]nbmw Imw N
Zniw KXn ss\hmkym Aw KXn A\m
ln Zntim, Zntim ssh k{am- S v , t{im{Xm,
t{im{Xw Plm-Xn, khm-tWy\mw `qXm\y `n-
cn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm- \ - t ]y- X nb Ghw
hnZzmt\ XZp-] mkvt XlkvXyr j`w kl{kw
ZZmao Xn tlmhmN P\tIm sshtZlx ktlm-
hmN bm-hevIyx]nXmta f- a\yX \m\-\p-
injy ltc tXXn.
GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-p-
- Xv, AXp \mw tIs Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p.
`c-Zzm-Ps ]p{X-\mb KZ-`o-hn-]o-X F BNm-cy
t{im{Xw Xs-bmWv {_w Fv F\np ]dp-X-n-
p-v. Fp P\-I ]d-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp--
h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm-cy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p--h
]d-p- X- cp-Xv A{]- Im-c-am- Wv, t{im{Xw Xs-bmWv {_-
sav `c- Zzm- Ps ]p{X ]d- -Xv. Fs-m, tIm
km[n-m--h\v Fm-Wp-m-bn- cn-pI? Fp ]d- nv
bm-h-evIy tNmZnp: Fm B t{im{X-am-Ip
v -- {_-ns Bb-X-\-t-bpw-- i-co-c-sbpw {]Xn-jT v -tb-
bpw- B-{i-b -t bpw ]d- p-X - n- ptm? F\nv
]dp Xn-n Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d-p. k{am-t,
CXv-Cu ]d-p- X {_w Hcp Imep am{X- ap--Xm- Wtm
Fp bm-he - I
v y ]d-p. Atbm bmhevIym
Ap-Xs \app ]d-p-X-cnI Fp P\-I At]-
n- p. icocw t{im{Xw Xs-bm-W.v B{ibw BIm-i- am-
Ip A\w Fp-hv CXns\ D]m-kn--Ww. Fp
bm-h-evIy ]d-p. Atbm bm-h-evIym, CXn-
\p A\-X GXmWv? Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. k{am-
t, Znp- I Xs- bmWv A\-X Fp ]d- nv bm-
h-evIy ]dp: AXn-\m BWv k{am-t, GXp Znn-
tebvp t]mbmepw CXns Ah-km-\s Xobmbpw
{]m]n-m--Xv. Znp-I A\---fm-Wtm. Znp-I
Xs- bm-W,v k{am- t, t{im{Xw. t{im{Xw Xs- bm-Wv, k{am-
t, ]c- a-amb {_w. BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p- sImWv
CXns\ D]m-kn-p--Xv, Chs\ t{im{Xw Dt]-n--bn-.
Fm `qX-fpw Chs\ D]-lm-cmZn ka-Ww-sImp
ktm- jn- npw. Ah tZh- \m- bn- ov tZh- msc A]n-

N P
 326

I K-an-pw--tZ-h-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXn-sb-tm-se-bp p--B-\--tl-Xp-hm-Ip-p. k{am-t, a\-p-X

s-
- bmWv ]c- K
Ej-`-tm- Sp-Iq- Snb Bbncw tKmsf Rm Xcp-p. Fv a- amb {_w. BcmtWm Cs\ Adn- p-sImv CXns\
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. bm-he - vIy ]d- D]m-kn- p-Xv Chs\ a\v Dt]- n--bn- . Chs\ Fm
p. injys\ A\p-im-knp IrXm-\m-msX injy- `qX-fpw D]-lm-c- kan-pw apw ktm-jn-n-pw.
t\mSp [\w hmn-qSm Fp Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n- Ah tZh-\m-bn-onv tZh-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXn-
cp-p. sb-tm- ep Ej- `- tm-Sp- Iq- Snb Bbncw ]ip- sf Rm
Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]d-p. B
6. D] btZh tX In-Z-{_-ho-Xv, Xr-WhmtaXn.
bm-h-evIy ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-kn-msX
A{_-hot kXy-Imtam Pm_mtemat\m ssh
injy-\n\np [\w kzoI-cn-p-IqSm Fv Fs ]nXmhv
{_t-Xn. bY amXr-am ]nXram\m-Nm-cy-hm
hnNm-cn-n-cp-p.
{_qbm-Xv, XYm Xm_mtem -f {_ho- t\m
ssh {_tXn Aa-\tkmln Inw kymXv? CXn. 7. D] btZh tX In-Z-{_-hoXv Xr-WhmtaXn.
A{_-hoXv Xp tXXkym -f-f bX\w {]XnjvTmw/ A{_hot hnZKvx imIteym lrZbw ssh
\ta -f {_hoZnXn. GI-] mZzm GXXv k{am {_tXn. bYm-am-Xr-am ]nXram\mNm-cy-hm
UnXn. kssh t\m {_qln bm-h-evIy. a\ {_qbmXv XYm Xm-I teym -f {_oZv [rXbw
Ghm -f f- bX-\, amImix {]XnjvTm -f f- \ ssh {_t-Xn. A{_hoXv Xp tX Xkym f- -fb
CtXy- \ Zp]mko- X . Im - f- f \ Xm bm - X-\w, {]XnjvTmw? \ta f- {_ho ZnXn GI-]mZv
hevIy? a\ Gh k{am-UnXn tlmhmN a\km hm GXXv k{am, UnXn. k ssh tXm {_qln
ssh k{amSv kv{Xnb-a-`n-lm-cy-tX, Xkymw {]Xn- bmhevIy lrZ-b-tahm -f f- bX-\, amImix
cq]x ]pt{Xm PmbtX; k B\x at\m ssh {] Xnj v T m, nXn- c n- t Xy\ Zp]m- k oX Im
k{amSv ]caw {_; ss\\w at\m Plm-X n, nXnXm bm-h evI y lrZb tah k{am,
khmtWy\w `qXm-\y-`n--c-n, tZthm `qXzm U nX n. tl mhmN l r Zbw s s h k {amSv
tZhm\t]yXn b Ghw hnZzm-t\-X -Zp-] m-k vtX. kthjmw `qXm-\ m- am-b -X \w lrZbw ssh
lkvX yrj`w kl{kw ZZmao Xn tlmhmN k{amSv kthjmw `qXm\mw {]Xn-jvTm-lr-Ztb
P\tIm ss htZl x. k tlm- h mN bm - tlyh k{amSv khmWn `qXm\n {]Xn-jvTn-Xm\n
hevIyx ]nXmta -f a\yX Xm\-\p-injy ltc- `hn lrZbw ssh k{amSv ]caw {_. ss\\w
tXXn lrZbw PlmXn; khm-tWy\w `qXm-\y-`n--
cn; tZthm `qXzm tZhm-\ -t ]yXn; b Ghw
GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]d-p-X-n-p- hnZzmt\X-Zp-]m-kvtX. lkvXyr j`w kl{kw
- Xv, AXp \mw tIs Fp bm- h-evIy ]d-p. ZZmaoXntlm hmN P\tIm ssh tZlx ktlm-
P_m-e-bpsS ]p{X-\mb kXy-Im-a, a\-mWp {_-sav hmNbm-hevIyx: ]nXm ta -f a\yX \m\-
F\np ]dp-X- n-pv Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d- p. \pinjy ltc-tX-Xn.
F{]-Im-c-am-tWm, amXm-hp--h\pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm- GXmtWm Atbvv Hcp BNm-cy ]dpX-n-p-
cy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p--h ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv, A{]- - Xv, AXv \mw tIs Fp bm- h- evIy ]d-p.
Im-c-am-Wv, P_m-eb - psS ]p{X a\-mWv {_w Fv iI-es ]p{X- \mb hnZ-Kv, lrZ-b-amWv {_w Fv
]d-Xv. Fs- m, a\-n-m--h\v Fm-Wp-m-bn- F\np ]dvRp-X-n- pv Fp P\-I Dcw ]d-p.
cn-m-hp-Xv? Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy tNmZn-p. F{]-Im-c-amtWm amXm-hp-h - \pw ]nXm-hp--h\pw BNm-
Fm Atbvv B a\m-Ip {_s Bb-X-\- cy-\p--h\pw Bbn-p-h - ]d-p-X-cp--Xv, A{]-Im-c-
t-bpw- -i-co-c-t-bpw, {]-Xn-jTv - tb-bpw--B-{i-b-tbpw amWv imI-ey As\ lrZ-b- amWv {_- sap ]d- p-
]d-p-X-n-ptm? F\np ]d-R- Rp-X- n-n Fp P\- X--Xv. Fs- m, lrZ-b-an-m-- X- h\v FmWv Dm-
I ]d-p. k{am-t, Cu {_w Hcp ]mZw am{X- ap--Xm- bn-c n- m- h p- Xv ? Fp ]dnp bmhev I
Wtm Fp bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. Atbm bm- tNmZnp: Fm Atbvv AXn-s B {_-
h-eIv y, A-s\-bp Ap-Xs \ap-p-]-tZ-in-p-X-cnI ns Bb-X-\t- -bpw--i-co-c-tbpw {]Xn-jT v -tb-bpw-
Fp P\-I At]-n-p. icocw a\-p-X- s. {]Xn-jvT- -B-{i-b-tbpw ]d-p-X-n-ptm? F\nv ]d-p-X-
-B-{i-bw, BIm-i- am-Ip-p. B\--sa-p-hv CXns\ D]m- n- n Fp P\-I adp-]Sn ]d- p. k{am- t, Cu {_w
kn--Ww. F\v\p bm-he - vIy ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. Hcp ]mZw a{X-ap-X - m-Wtm Fp bm-h-evIy ]d-
bm-h-eI v y, CXn-\p B\-Xw FmWv? Fp P\- p. Atbm bm-hevIy Ap-Xs \apv ]d-p-
I tNmZn-p. k{am-t, a\-p-Xs B\--am-Ipp Fp X-cnI Fp P\-I At]-n-p. icocw lrZ-bw-Xs
]d-nv bm-h-evIy ]dp: k{am-t, a\-p-sIm- {]Xn-jvT B{ibw BIm-i-am-Ip-p. nXn Fp-hv
m-Wtm kv{Xosb {]mn-p--Xv. Ah-fn A\p-cq-]- CXns\ D]m-kn-Ww Fp bm-he - vIy ]d-p.
\mb ]p{X P\n-p-p. Ah-B ]p{X--B-\--am-Ip- Atbm bm-he - vIy, CXn-\p nXnX FmWv?
N P
 327

I Fp P\-I tNmZn-p. k{am-t, lrZ-bw-Xs nXn-bm- Zn-W-amb An-bn D Cu ]pcp-j C K

Ipp Fp ]d-nv bm-h-evIy ]dp: k{am- Fp t]cp--h-\m-Ip-p. C- \m-bn-cn-p Ch- s\-bmWv
t, lrZ-b-amWv Fm `qX-pw Bb-X- \. k{am-t, lrZ- ]tcm-- am-bnv C{ Fv ]d- bp--Xv. Fs-m ]tcm-
b-amWv Fm `qX- pw {]Xn-jT v . Fs-m, k{am- -{]n-b-m- cmb tZh- m {]Xy--ambn t]cp ]d- bp--Xns\
t, lrZ-b-n Xs-bmWv Fm `qX- epw {]Xn-jvTn-X- shdp- p--h-cm-Ip-p.
-fm-bn-cn-p--Xv. k{am-t, lrZ-b-amWv ]c-a-amb {_w.
10. D] Ass[-X-Zzmta -f Wo ]pcp-j-cq-]ta jm
BcmtWm C{]-Imcw Adn-p-sImv CXns\ D]m-kn-p-
-f ky ]Xv\o hncmSv; Xtbm-tcj kwkvXmthm
-Xv, Chs\ lrZbw Dt]-n--bn Chs\ Fm `qX-
fpw D-]l - m-cmZnIsImp ktm-jn-npw, Ah b Gtjm -f lrZb BImix AssY-\ -
tZh-\m-bn-onp tZh-m-cn ebn-pw. lkvXn-sb-tm- tbmtc X Zw, b Gtjm -f lrZtb
e-bp Ej-`-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bbncw tKmsf Rm temln-X-] nx. XssY \tbmtc XXv {]mh-
Xcpp Fv hntZ-lm-[n-]\ - mb P\-I ]d-p. bm- cWw btZ-X-Z- lrZ tbPm-eI - -an-h. AssY-
h-evIy ]dp: injys\ A\p-im-kn-msX injy- \- t bmtc jmkrXn; k cnWo, ssbjm
\n\npw [\w hm-cp-sXv Fs ]nXmhv hnNm-cn-n- lrZbm Zqzm \mUyp--cX - n. bYm tIix kl-
cp-p. {k[m `n Gh- a - s skyXmlnXm \m a\mtkym
-f lrZtb {]XnjvTnXm `hn GXm-
cmw {_mWw `nm GX-Zm-{kh Zm{k-hXn Xkvam-tZj {]hn-
8. D] P\tIm l sshtZlx Ipm-Zp-]m-k hn-m-lm-c-Xc Csshh `hXykvammco cmZm-
hm N \akv t X - f kv X p bm- h - e v I ym\p \x
amim[o Xn, ktlm-hm-N bYm ssh k{am
]ns CS-p-I - n D Cu ]pcp-j-cq]w Cu
alm--a-[zm\ tajy cYw hm \mhw hm kam-
C{s ]Xv\n-bmb hncm-m-Ip-p. lrZ-b-a-y-n D
ZZo ssXhta sshXm-`n-c p-]-\ n-jZv` ox kam-ln-
Cu BImiw GtXm CXv Ah-cp-sS-B C{-sbpw C{m-
Xmm f- kn. Ghw hrm-cI BVyx k[o-
Wn-bp-sSbpw kwkvXm-h-am-Ip-p. ]ns, lrZ-bm-`m-K-
X-thZ Dtm-]-\n-jXvI CtXm hnapNyam\x Iz
n- ep ]nm-Ir-Xnsb {]m]n-n-cn-p cw GtXm
Kan-jyko Xn. \mlw XZv `Kh thZ-b{X Kan-
CXv Ah-cpsS A- am-Ip-p. ]ns lrZ-bm-`m-K-n
jymao Xn AY sshtX -f lw XZv hyman
Cu he-t]m-se-bp-Xv GtXm CXv Ch-cpsS {]mh-c-W-am-
b{X Kan-jyko Xn. {_hoXp Khm \nXn.
Ip-p. ]ns lrZ-b - n \nv Duzm-`n-ap-Jn-bmbn
hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I Iq-sa Hcp-Xcw Bk-\- GXp \mUn-bmtWm t]mIp-Xv CXv Ch-cpsS k-cn-p-
n\nv ASp- Cd-n-s-nv ]dp: Atbm -Xn-\p krXn-bm-Ip-p. Bbn-c-am-bnp t`Zn--s
bm-h- eI v y-- A-tbvp \a-kvImcw Fs A\p- im-kn- tIjw--X-e\ - mcv GXp {]Im-ctam C{]-Im-c-ap lnX-I
mepw! Fv. bm-h-eI v y ]dp: k{amt F{]-Im- Fv t] ]d-bp Cu tZl-ns \mUn-I lrZ-bm-
c-amtWm Hcp ZoL-amb A[zm-hns\ Kan-p-hm t]mIp- `m-K-n Dd-n--s-n-cn-p-p. Ah-bn IqSn-bmWv
-h cY-stbm \uhn-t\tbm FSp-p--Xv, C{]-Imcw Hen-p-t]m-Ip Cu Aw t]mIp--Xv. AXn-\m Cu
Xs Av Cu D]-\n-j-p-I-sf-smv kwbp-m-m- enwKm-mhv Cu ico-c-am-Ip Bm-hn-t\-m kqva-
hm-bn--H-cp-- samw ]qn-bm-b-h- \mbn Ccn-vIp-p. C{]- X-c-amb Blm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-bnh Xs BIp-p.
Imcw hrm-I-c-\pw- - ]q-Py\pw [\-hm\pw thZ-sf A[y-
b\w sNbvXn-p--h\pw BNm-cy-m-cm D]-\n-j-p-I 11. D] Xky {]mNo-ZnIv {]mx {]mWm, ZnWm
D]-tZ-in--s--h\pw BsW-n Av CXn\n-v- Cu ZnKvZ- ntW {]mWmx, {]Xo-N o-Z nIv {]Xyx
tZl-n\nv hnp-t]m-Ip-tm FhnsS t]mIpw? `K- {]mWm, DZoNo ZnKp- Z x {]mWm Duz
hmt\, Rm Fhn- sS-bmtWm t]mIp-hm t]mIp--Xv, AXv ZnKqzmx {]mWm, AhmNo ZnK-hmx {]mWmx,
Rm Adn-bp-n Fp P\-I ]d-p. A-s\-bm- khm-Znix kth {]mWmx k Gj t\Xn-t\Xn
sW-n Fp Fhn-sS-bmtWm t]mIp-hm t]mIp--Xv, Bm -f Krtlym \ ln KrlytX -f iotcym \
AXv Atbvv Rm ]d-p-Xcmw Fp bm-h- ln iocytX -f kMv t Km \ ln kPytX - f
evIy ]d-p. `K-hm ]d-p-X-mepw! Fp P\-I kntXm \ hyYtX \ cnjyXn A`bw ssh
]d-p. P\I {]m]vt Xm - f kn Xntlm- h mN bm-
hIyx k tlmhmN P\ tIm sshtZ tlm f-
- tm l ssh \mssaj tbm f- bw Zn
9. D]-C
tW f- ]pcpjx Xw hm GX-anw k- `bw Xzm K-XmZv bm-hevIy tbm t\m `K-
an{ CXym-N -W tX ]tcm-t -W -s sh. ]tcm- h--`bw thZ-btk; \akvtX f- kvXnta hntZ
{]nbm Ch ln tZhmx {]Xy--Zznjx lm Ab-a-l-akvXn

N P
 328

I B hnZzm\v Ing-t-Znv Ing-p {]mW--fm-Ip-p. 14. D] AkvXa - nX BZntXy bm-hevI y Inw K

sXt-Znp sXp {]mW-- fm-Ip-p. ]Sn-m-td-Znp tPymXn-tc-hmbw ]qcpj CXn N{am Ghmky
]Sn-m-dp {]mW--fm-Ip-p. hS-p-Znp hS-p tPymXn`-h-XoXn N{-a-ssk-hmbw tPymXnjm
{]mW--fm-Ip-p. apI-fn-ep Znp apI-fn-ep {]mW- kvtX ]ey-btX Ia IpcptX hn]-tey-Xo-tXyh
-fm-Ip-p. Xmg-bp Znp Xmsg-bp {]mW--fm-Ip- tassh-XZv bm-h-e vIy,
p. Fm {]m-W - -fp-am-Ip-p. CXmWv t\Xn-t\Xn Fp
tl bm-h- eI v ym, BZn-Xy AkvX-an-p-tm Cu
a[p-Im--n \nt-in--s-n-p Bm-hv. Cu
Bmhv {Kln--s-Sp-hm Ign-bm--Xm-Ip-p. Fs- ]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-p--h-\mIpw? bm-h-evI
m, AXp {Kln--s-Sp-h- n-. s]mSn-p-t]m-ImXm- ]d-p. Cu ka-bv N{-\n Ahs tPymXn-p-m-
Ip-p. Fs- m s]mSn-p-t]m-Ip-n-. kMvK-an-m-- Ipw, N{s cq]-n- ep tPymXn-p-hgn Ch Ccn-p-
Xm-Ip-p. Fs- m kwKs {]m]n-p- n-. _n-- Ibpw Atmpw Ctmpw t]mIp-Ibpw Iw sNp-
s-Sm--Xm-Ip-p. Fs-m hyYn-p-n-. AXn-\m Ibpw Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. P\-I tNmZn-p. tl
lnwksb {]m]n-p-n-. \in-p-n-. Atbm P\-I, bm-h-eI v ym, Cu Imcyw C-s\-X-s- bmtWm
A`-bs Av {]m]vX-\m-bn-cn-pp Fp bm-h- 15. D]--A -k vX -anX BZntXy bm-hevI y N{
evIy ]d-p. B hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I ]dp: aky- k vX -a ntX Inw tPymXn-tc-h mbw ]pcpj
Atbm bm- hevIy `K- hmt\ F\np A`- bs Adn- CXy ntc- h mky tPmXn`- h - X o- X y- n- t c- \ -
bn-p-X-cp Atbpw A`-bw--A-iq-\y-am-bn-p-Xv hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX ]ey-btX Ia IcptX
{]m]n--s. Atbvv \a-kvmcw! hntZ-l- CXm! hn]teyXo-tXy-h-t a-ssh-X Zv bm-hevI y.
Rm CXm!
P\-I tNmZnp tl bm- h-evIym, BZn-Xy AkvX-
an-p-t]mbn I-gn-npw Cu ]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-p-
aqmw {_mWw -h-\m-Ipw. bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. Ahs tPymXnv
12. D] P\Iw l sshtZlw bm-hevIym PKma An-bn-em-Ip-p. Ah An cq]-tPym-Xn-p-hgn Ccn-
ktat\ \ hZnjy CXn. AY l b-\-I p-Ibpw Atm- p- an-tmpw k-cn-p-Ibpw I-
sshtZtlm bm- h - e v I y- mn tlmt{X sNp-I bpw Is hcn- p-Ibpw sNp-p. tl
kaqZm tX. Xkvssal bm-htIym hcw bm-hevIym! Cu Imcyw A-s\-bmtWm.
ZZu k l Ima-{]-iv\-tah ht{h Xw l kvssa 16. D]. AkvXa - nX BZntXy bm-hevIy N{
ZZu. Xw l k{am-tUh ]qw ]{]
aky-k vX -antX imt -f u Inw tPymXn-tc-
hntZ- lm- [n- ]-\mb P\- Is ASp- bm- hIy hmbw ]pcpj CXn-hmtK hmky tPymXn`-h-
sNp. At-lw--bm--hIy cmPm-hn\p Rm Hpw Xo-Xn, hmssN-hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX ]ey-btX
]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn Fv hnNm-cn-n-cp-p. Fm Ia IpcptX ]n]- t ey- X oXn Xkv a mZv ssh
Ftm hntZ-lm-[n-]-\mb P\-I\pw bm-hIy\pw k{amU]n b{X kzx ]mn\ hn\nm-btX
An-tlm-{X-hn-j-b-n kwhmZw sNbvX n-cp-pthm -f Y b{X hmKp--c-Xyp-ss]h X{X tPymXn-tXy-
Atm At-l-n- \-v-P-\-I-\-v-bm-- hIy hcw-sIm-
hta sshXZv bm-hevIy.
Sp-p. AtlwP- \-I--C-w-t]mse tNmZn- p- hm- \p-- A-
\p-hmZw hcnp: B hcs At-l-n-\-v- P-\-I-\v--sIm-Sp- tl bm-he - I
v y, BZn-Xy AkvX-an-p-Ig- n-bp-tm-
p-Ibpw sNbvXp. bm-h Iy-t\mSv k{am-p-Xs gpw, N{ AkvX-an-p-I-gn-bp-tm-gpw, An im-am-bn-
BZyw tNmZnp: -gn-bp-tmgpw Cu ]pcp-j GXn tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
b-hm-\-Ipp? bm-h-evIy ]d-p. hmp-Xs
13. D] bm-h-evIy, Inw tPymXn-cbw ]pcpj
Chs tPymXn-m-bn-o-cp-p. Ch hm{Kq-]-am-Ip
CXn. BZn-Xy-tPymXnx k{am, UnXn tlm hmN:
BZntXy ss\hmbw tPymXnjm f- -f kvtX, ]ey- tPymXnv hgn-bm-bn-Xs Ccn-p-I-bpw, Ans\ hopw
b-tX, I-Ip-cp-tX, hn]tey XoXn Gh-tassh k-cn-p-I-bpw, Iw A\p-jvTn-p-I-bpw, aS-n-hc- n-
XZv bm-hIy. Ibpw sNp-p. tl k{am-v, FhnsS A-bpsS Ic-
Fn-s-Sp-n--tbm, AhnsS B \nan-j-n hmWn D-
bm-hIy, Cu ]pcp-j Fp tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq- cn--s-Spbpw IS-p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. tl bm-
Sn-b-h-\mWv Fp cmPmhp tNmZn-p. k{am-t, BZn-Xy-\m- hevIy Cmcyw An- s\-X-s-bmtWm?
Ipp tPymXn-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ipp Fp ]d-nv
bm-hIy XpSp. Cu ]pcp-j BZn-Xy-\m-Ip 17. D] AkvXa - nX BZntXy bm-hevIy N{-
tPymXn- p- sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv, Ccn--
p- Xpw, t]mIp-- Xpw, a- k y- k v X- a ntX imt f- u imbmw hmNn
tPmen sNp--Xpw. Inw tPymXn- t c- h mbw ]pcpj CXy-ss-hmky

N P
 329

I tPymXn`-h-Xo-Xy--ss\-hmbw tPymXn-jmkvtX tbpw hon-p-p. Cu ]pcp-j ]c-tem-I- m-\-n- K

]ey-btX Ia IpcptX hn]-tey-Xo-Xn. \p-thn F{]-Imcw km[-\-I-fm k--\m-bn-cn-p-p-
thm, Ahsb B{i-bnv Ch ]m]-tbpw (Zpx Jw) B\-
tl bmh- eI v y, BZn-Xy AkvX- an- -Xn-\p-ti-j-hpw,
-t-bpw--c-n-t\bpw ImWp-p. Ch Dd-p kabw
N{ AkvX-an- -Xn\p tijhpw An im-am-Xn\p tij-
Cu k-kz-amb temI-ns am{Xsb FSp-v, kzb-
hpw, hmv im- am-b-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Cu ]pcp-j GXn
am-bn-s Cu qe-i-co-cs \nt--am-n, AXp-
tPymXn-tm-Sp-IqSn hkn-pp? bm-h-eI v y ]dp
t]mse kzb-ambn Xs hmk-\m-a-ba - mb tZls cNn-
Bm-hp-X-s- bmWv Chs tPymXn-m- bn-o-cp- -Xv. Cu
v, Xs {]Im-i-tm-Sp-IqSn BbXv Xs tPymXn-kz-cq-]-
Bm-hm-Ip tPymXnv hgn-bmbn Xs Ah Ccn-p-
tm-Sp-IqSn ibn-pp; Cu Ah- -bn Cu ]pcp-j
I-bpw, Anp k-cn-p-I-bpw, Iw sNp-Ibpw
kzbw tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
]noSv aS-n-h-cn- Ibpw sNp-p.
21. D]x \ X{X cYm \ cY-tbmKm \ ]mt\m
18. D] IXa BtXn tbm -f Yw hnm-\a bx
`h-\yY cYm cY-tbm-Km ]Yx krPtX \
{]mtWjp lrZy- tPymXnx ]pcpjx k
X{Xm- \ m apZx {]aptZm `h- y-Y m-\ - m- pZx
kam\x kp`u temIm-h\p k-cXn [ymb-
{]apZx kpP- tX, \ X{X thimmx ]pjvI -
Xoh teem-b -X oh k ln kz]vt\m `qtXzaw
cnWyx {khtym `h-yY thim-m ]pjvI-
temIaXn{Im-aXn artXym cq]m-Wn.
cnWox {khox krPtX k ln IXm
Bmhv Fm-Ipp? bm-h -evIy ]d- p.
B Ah--bn cY-an-, cY-n ]qp-h (A-iz-
bmsXmv {]mW--en _pn- hr-n- Ip-n hkn-p-
)-bn-, am-an-. Fm Ah cY-hpw, cY-n
Xpw hnm-\-a-b-hpw, tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\p-amb ]pcp-j-\m-
]qp--h-bpw, hgn-Ifpw krn-p-p. B Ah--bn
bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXpw kam-\-ambn (_p-n-hr-n- Ip
B\-w, tamZw, {]tamZw Ch-sbmpw Cm-Ip-n-.
kZr-iw) Cl-tem-I-n-epw, ]c-tem-I-nepw cnepw
Fm Ah B\-w, tamZw, {]tamZw Chsb krn-
k-cn-p-p. AXv (_p-n-hr-n-I-\p-k-cn-v) Nnn-
p-p. AhnsS sNdnb sNdnb If-fpw, kc-p-I-fpw,
p--Xp-t]m-se-bpw, {]hn-p--Xp-t]m-sebpw BIp-
\Zn-Ifpw Dm-bn-cn-p-n; Ah Ipf--fpw, kc-p-
p. AXp-Xs kz]v\-ambn Cu temI-t-bpw, arXyp-cq-
I-fpw, \Zn-Ifpw krn-p-p AhXs Ah-bpsS
]--tfbpw AXn-{I-aWw sNp-p.
IXm-hm- Ip-p.
19. D] k hm Abw ]pcptjm Pmb-km\x icoc
22. D]x XtZtX tmIm `h-n, kz]vt\\ imcoc
a`n kw]-Zy-am\x ]m]va`nx k Hm krPytX k
a`n- {]- l Xym kp]v X x kp]v X m- \ - ` n- N m-I -i o-X n,
DXv{Im-a {hnb-amWx ]m]vat\m hnPlmXn.
ip{I amZmb ]p\-sscXn m\-Hmw-ln-cW - y-abx
AXv Cu ]pcpj Pw kzoI-cn- p kabw ico-cs ]pcp j GI-l-Hmwkx.
B-`m-ht- m-Sp-IqSn kznI-cn-p-sImv ]m]-fp-ambn
Cu hnjbw kw_-n-p--XmWv Cu tmI---B-
IqSn-t-cp-I-bpw, acn-p ka-b
- v- -D-Xv{I-aW ka-b
- v-
mhv kz]v\w hgn-bmbn ico-cs \nt--am-n-bnv
-]m-]
- sf Dt]-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
kzbw Dd-msX \n{Z-bn-em Fm hkvXp--tfbpw {]Im-
20. D]: Xky hm GXky ]pcp-j ky th Gh in-n-p-p. Ah ip-amb C{nb am{Xm-cq-]s
mt\ `hX CZw N ]c- tem- I - m\w N kzoIcnv hopw PmK-cnX m\p hp-tN-cp-\v#p.
km[yw XrXobw kz]v \ - m\w Xkv a n lncWy (tPym-Xn-kz-cq-]0 ]pcp-j GI-\m-bn-s
kwt[y mt\ XnjvT- ttX Dt` mt\ k-cn-p-p.
]iy-XoZw N ]c-tem-I-m\w N, AY bYm-
23. D]x {]mtW\ c-W -hcw Ipembw _lnjv
{Itam -f b]c temI- mt\ `hXn Xam-{Ia
Irem-bm-Z-ar-X
- -cn-Xzm, k Cub-tX-S-hrtXm b{X
am{Itaym `bm ]m]v a \ B\m Hmw
Ima-Hmw-ln-c-Wy-abx ]pcpj GI-l-Hmwkx.
]iyXn k b{X {]kz]n- X yky temIky
km-h tXm am{Xm-a]mZmb kzbw hnlXy Cu \nIr--amb imco-cn-I-{]m-W- \n\npw c- s]-p-
kzbw \namb tkz\`mkm tkz\ tPymXnjm sImv Ah Aar-X-[m- hmb ico-c-tmSp IqSn shfn-
{]kz-]nXy {Xmbw ]pcpjx kzbw tPymXn`-h- Xn. bn kcn-p-p. B GI-\mbn k-cn-p lnc--
b-\mb Aar-X-]p-cp-j FhnsS hmk-\-bp-m-Ip-p-thm,
AXv Cu ]pcp-js Cl-tem-I-m\w ]c-tem-I-
Atmp ISp t]mIp-p.
m\w F cv m\--fm-Ip- p. Chs aqm-as
m\w kz]v\-m-\-amb kym-m-\-am-Ip- p. B 24. D]x kz]v\ m Dm-h -N -ao-b -amt\m cq]mWn
kym- m-\p nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv Ch Cu temI- tZhx IpcptX _lq-\n, DtXh kv{Xo`nx kl
cq-]-am-Ip m\-tbpw ]c-tem-I-cq-]-amb m\- tamZ-amt\m P-Zp-tX-hm]n `bm\n ]iy
N P

I B tZh kz]v\- m-\-n D-\o- N- `m-h- se {]m]n-
p-sImv hn`n cq]- kzoI-cn-p-p. CXp-t]m-se-
Xs kv{XoI-tfm- Sp-IqSn B\--a-\p-`-hn-p-p. (an-{X--tfm-
Sq-Iq-Sn) Nncn-p-If
- n-p-p. (hym-{Lm-Zn-I-sf) `bp Pohn-
p-p.
25. D]x Bcm-a-aky ]iyn \ Xw ]iyXn I kz]v\-m-\-t-p-Xs aSn t]mIp-p.
t\Xn, Xw \mbXw t_m[-tb-Zn-X ymlpx, `n
jPy Hmw lmkvs sa `hXn btaj \ {]Xn-
]ZytX, AtYm Jezm-lqPm-K-c n-X-tZi Ghm
sskyj CXn bm\n tlyh Pm{KXv ]iyXnXm\n
kp]vX CXy-{Xmbw ]pcpjx kzbw tPymXn
`hXn tkm f- lw `K-htX kl{kw ZZm-ayX
Du[z hntam-mb {_qlo-Xn.
Fm a\p-jycpw Ahs kpJs ({Io-Um-km-a-{Kn-
I-sf) am{Xw ImWp-p, Ahs\ Bcpw ImWp-n-. B Dd-
n--gn-bp Bm-hns\ s]sv DW-cpXv Fv
(ssh-Zy-m) ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-cn-{n-b-{]- tZ-iv Ch Dd-
n--gn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXn C{n-b-se
{]m]n-m--Xn-\m Ahs icocw Zpn-In-ym-am-bn-o-
cp-p. AXp ImcWw ]ecpw C{]-Imcw Bhiyw ]d-bm-dp-
v. CXv (kz-]v\-m-\w) Chs PmK-cnX tZiw Xs-
bmWv; Fp-sIm-s-m Ah DWp Ign-bp-
bmsXmcp hkvXp-X-Isf Zin-p-p-thm, Ah-I-sf-s
\n{Zm-h- -bnepw Ah Zin-p-p. (F- m AXp icn-
b-) P\-I ]d-p: P\-I-\mb Rm {ioam\v Bbncw
ap{Z \Ip-p,--C\n F\nv tams D]-tZ-in-p-X-m-
epw.
26. D] k hm Gj GX-kvan kw{]-kmtZ cXzm
NcnXzm Zrsszh ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x
{]Xn-\ymbw {]Xn-tbm-\ym-{Z-hXn kz]v\m ssbh
k b{X InnXv ]iy-Xy-\-Xzm-KX kvtX\
`h-Xy-kMvtKm lybw ]pcpj CtXyh tassh-
X Zv bm - h e vIy tk m - f l w ` K- h tX
kl{kw ZZ- a yX Du[z hntam- m- s sbh
{_qlo-Xn.
Cu Bmhv Cu kz]v\-m-\ - n can-p-Ibpw,
hnl- cn- p- Ibpw sNbvXv, ]pWy- ]m- ]-sf Ip F{]-Imcw
hn-cp-p-thm, Fhn-sS-\npw hn-cp-p-thm, B PmK-cn-
X- m-\-t-bvp-Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-p; AXv AhnsS
bmsXm-p] Zin-p-p-thm, AXn \npw AIp Ign-
bpp; Fp-sIm-s-m Cu ]pcp-j \nkw-K-\m-Ip-
p. P\-I ]d-p. tl bm-h-eI v y, Cm-cyw An-
s\-bmtWm? Rm {ioam\v Bbncw kzw ImgvN- h-bvp-
p. CXn\p tij-ap tams kw_-n-p Imcy-
Ap-]-tZ-in-m-epw.
27. D] k hm Gj GX-kvan kz]vt\ cXzm
NcnXzm Zrsszh ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x
N P
330
K
{]Xn- \ ymbw {]Xn- t bm- \ ym- { Z- h Xn _pmm
ssbh.
B ]pcp-j Cu Pm{K-Zm-h--bn can-p-Ibpw hnl-
cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv, ]pWy-]m-] - sf Iv, F{]-Imcw
hn-cp-p-thm, AtX am-nqSn bYm-m-\a - mb
28. D] XZv bYm alm-ay Dt`-Iqte A\pkw
NcXn ]qh Nm]cw ssNh-ta-hmbw ]pcpj
GXmhp `mh-m-h-\p-kw-Nc
- Xn kz]v \mw N
_pmw N.
F{]-Imcw GsX-nepw hen-b-Xpw, `mcn-X
- p-amb ay-
\Zn-bpsS Ingpw ]nS-mdpw Xnc--fnqSn {Ia-
ambn k-cn-p-p-thm, A{]-ImcwXs Cu ]pcp-j
kv]v\m-\-pw, PmKcn-X-m-\pw cp m\--
fnepw {Ia-ambn k-cn-p-p.
29. D] XZv bYm- k v a n- W m- I mti tiyt\m hm
kq]tWm hm hn]-cn-]Xy {imx k Hmwl
Xy ]u kwe-bm-ssbh {[nbX Gh-tahmbw
] pc pj G X - k vam- A - mb [ mhX n b{X
kp]vtXm \ I\ Imaw Ima-btX \ I\
kz]v\w ]iy-Xn.
Fns\ BIm-i-n ]cpv Fm `mKpw AXn-
th-K-n ]dp k-cn-nv oWn Nnd-Ip-I hncnv
AXns Iqn-tev t]mIp-p-thm, AXp-t]mse Cu ]pcp-
j bmsXm-cn-Sv Dd- p-tm bmsXmcp t`mKs Cn-
m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw bmsXmcp kz]v\w ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-pthm B m\-tp ]mp-t]m-Ip-p.
30. D] Xm hm AsskyXm lnXm \ma \mt[ym
bYm tIix kl-{k[m `n-kvXm-h-Xm-Wnav\m
Xn jvTXn ipky \oeky ]nMv K-e ky lcn-
Xky temln- X ky ]qWm AY bss{X\w
[v \ oh Pn\oh lkv X nh hnOm- b - b Xn
KX-anh ]XXn tZh Pm{K-Zv`bw ]iyXn XZ-
{Xm-hn-Zybm hbytX f- Y b{X tZh Ch-cm-tP-
hm- l -t a- th- ZHmw ktm - f kv a oXn a\ytX
tkm -f ky ]ctam temIx
Ahs lnXm \ma-tm-Sp- Iq- Snb Cu \mUn-I tIiw
Bbncw `mK--fmbn hn`-Pn--s-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse AXn
kqva-am-bn-cn-p-p. Ah ipw, \oew ]oXw, lcnXw,
Nphv Fo h--fm ]q-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Cu
]pcp-js\ sImp-I-tbm, hi-m-p-I-tbm, Ipgn-bn hogn-
p-I-tbm, B\-`-b-s-Sp-p hn[-n Pm{K-Zm-h- -bn-
ep- m-Im-hp `bw A\p-`-ha- m-p-Itbm sNp-pthm
Ahsb Cu kz]v\m-h--bn hnZym-iq-\y-X-bmbn Icp-
Xp-p. FhnsS Ch tZhXp Xpeyw, cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw
BIp-p-thm, Fmw Rm Xs Fp Icp-Xp-Ibpw
sNp-pthm AhnSw Ah\p ]c-a-[m-a-am-Ip-p.
 331

I 31. D] XZv hm AsskyXZXn Om A]-l-X]m Ah bmsXmp aW-p-n--tbm, AXv aW-p-sIm- K

mZ-bHmw cq]w, XZv bYm-{]n-bbm kv{Xnbm kw]-
cn-jztm \ _mlyw In\ thZ \cta-h-
ta-hmbw ]pcpjx {]mt-\ m- \m kw]jz
tm \ _mlyw In\ thZ \mcw XZvhm
Assky-X -Zm-] vX -I m-a-a m- -I m-a- a-I ma Hmwcq]
Hmwtim-Im- cw
n-cn-p-tmXs aW-- s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-p. aW-p- h--
hs K-{K-l-Wi - n Ati-jhpw tem]n-p-p-an-.
Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah-
-bn aW-p--Xn-\mbn Ah-\n\np `n-ambn ap
bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C-X-s. Ah-s\-s {LmWn-
q.

Ah CXns Ima-c-ln-X-hpw, ]m]-c-ln-X-hpw, A`-b- 35. D] bZv ssh X ck-btX ck-bsshX

cq- ]-hp-am-Ip-p. hymh-lm-cn-I-ambn Xs {]nb-s `mcysb ck- b tX \ ln ck- b nXq ck- b -t Xhn]cn-
Benw-K\w sNp ]pcp-j\v _mly-ambpw B-cn-I- temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-X zmW Xp XZvZznb-
ambpw bmsXmcp t_m[hpw Cm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se, Cu akvXn XtXm f- \yZv hn`w bZv ck-tbXv
]pcp-j {]m-m-hp-ambn Benw- K-\-_--am-Ip-tm Ah bmsXmp cpNn-p-n--tbm, AXv cpNn-p-sIm-
_mly-hn-j-b - nepw bmsXm-c-dnhpw Dm-Ip-n-. CXv n-cn-p-tmgpw cpNn--s-Sp-n-. ckm-kzm-Z-Is ck-
AXns B]vX-Im-aw, B-Im-aw, BIm-aw, timI-iq\yw {K-l-W-in Hcn-epw tem]n-p-t]m-Ip-n-, Fp-sIm-
Ch-bpsS cq]-am-Ip-p. s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah--bn
32. D] A{X ]nXm-]nXm `hXn amXm-amXm temIm ckw {Kln- p--Xn\v Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap
bmsXmcp ]ZmYhpw C Xs.
AtemIm tZhm AtZhm thZm AthZmx A{X
kvtXt\m f- kvtXt\m `hXn {`qW-lm{`q-Wlm 36. D] bZv ssh X hZXn hZ ssh X hZXn
Nmtem -f Nmex ]uevItkm -f ]uevI \ ln hph-tmhn-]-cn-temt]mhnZytX -f
kx {iatWm f- {ia-tWm-kvX]
- tkm -f Xm]tkm hn\m-i n-X zm Xp XZv ZznXo-b -akvX n XtXm -f
-f \ \zmKXw ]pW-A-tb-\m-\-\zm-KXw ]mt]\ \yZv hn`w bZv htZ-Xv.
XotWm ln XZm km- R vtOm- I m lrZ- Ah bmsXmp kwkm-cn-p-n--tbm, AXv kwkm-
bky `h-Xn. cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tmXs kwkm-cn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-pp
Cu kpjp-]Xv m-h- -bn ]nXmhv A]n-Xm-hm-bn-o-cp- hm-hns hN-\i - n Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n Fp-
p, amXmhv Aam-Xm-hm-bn-o-cpp; temIw Atem-Ia - m-bn- sIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah--
o-cp-p, tZh AtZ-h-\m-bn-o-cp-p, thZw Ath-Z-am- bn GXn-s\-p-dn-s-nepw kwkm-cn--W-sa-n AXn\v
bn-o-cp-p, ChnsS tNmc AtNm-c-\m-Ip-p, {`qW-lXy Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap bmsXmpw Xs C.
\S- p--h A{`q-W-hm- \m- Ip-p, AXp-t]mse Nm-e 37. D] bZv ssh X irtWmXn irWz ssh
AN-m-e-\ pw, ]uIkv A]u-kpw, {ia-W X irtWmXn \ ln t{imXpx irtXhn-]co
A{i-a-W-\pw, Xm]-k AXm-]-k-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p. B temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm Xp XZvZznXo-
ka-bv Cu ]pcpj ]pWy- tmSv Akw-_- -\pw, AXp- b-akvXn XtXm f- \yZ hn`w bOrWpbmXv
t]mse ]m]-tmSv Akw-_--\p-am-Ip-p. lrZ-b - nse
Ah bmsXmp {ihn-m-Xn- cn-p-p-thm, AXv {ihn-
Fm timI--tfbpw AXn-Po-hn-p-p.
p-tmXs {ihn--s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-p. t{imXm-hs
33. D] bZv ssh X ]iyXn ]iy ssh X {ih-Wi - IvXn Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n; Fp-sIm-s-
]iyXn \ ln {ZpZp- t hn- ] - c n- t emt]m m Ah Ahn-\ m-i n-b m-Ip- p. B Ah--b n
hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm-Xv. \ Xp Xzn-Xn-bakvXn bmsXmp {ihn--Wtam AXv Ah-\n\np `n-ambn
XtXm f- \yZv hn`w bXv ]tiyXv. ImW-s-S p-n-.
Ah bmsXmp ImWm-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv Ip- 38. D]x bZv ssh X a\ptX a\zmt\m sshX
sIm-n-cn-p-tmgpw ImW-s-Sp-n; {Zm- hns Zrn Hcn- a\ptX \ ln aph- t Xhn- ] - c n- t emt]m
epw tem]n-p-n-, Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Ahn- hnZytX -f hn\m-in-X zm Xp XZvZznXo-b-akvXn
\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B kabw Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn ap Xt\m -f \yZ hn`w b-\zo-X.
bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C. Ah-s\-Xs t\mq. Ah bmsXmp a\\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv
34. D] bZv ssh X Pn{LXn Pn{L sshX a\\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-tm Xs a\\w sN--Sm-
Pn{LXn \ ln {LmXp{Lm-tXhn-]-cntem t]m Xn-cn-p-p. a\\w sNp--hs a\-\-in Hcn-epw
hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm Xp XZ-Zzo-X o-b akvXn tem]n-p-n; Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-
XtXm f- \yZv hn`w bn-t{LXv Ip-p. B Ah--bn a\\w sN-W-sa-n Ah-

N P

I \n\npw `nambn ap bmsXmcp hkvXp-fpw C-X-
s.
39. D]x bZv ssh X kv]riXn kv]ri ssh
X kv]riXn \ ln kv{]px kv]rt hn]-
cn-temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm- Xp. XZvZznXo-
b-akvXn XtXm -f \yZ hn`w bXvkv]rti-Xv.
Ah bmsXmp kv]in-m-Xn-cn-p-pthm AXv
kv]in-p-sIm-ncn-p-tmXs kv]in-s-Sm-Xn-cn-
p-p. kv]in-p--hs kv]i-\i - n Hcn-epw
tem]n-p-n- . Fp-sIm-s- m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-
Ip-p. B Ah- -bn Ah-\n\np `n- ambn kv]in-
-s-Sm ap bmsXmcp ]Zm-fpw C-X-s.
40. D]x bZv ssh X hnPm-\mXn hnPm-\ ss]
X hnPm-\mXn \ ln hnm-Xphn-m-tX
hn]-cn-temt]m hnZytX -f hn\m-in-Xzm XpXzn-
Xo-b-akvXn Xtm -f \yZv hn`w bZv hnPm-\o-
bm-Xv.
Ah bmsXm--dn- bm-Xn- cn-p- p-thm, Adn- psIm- n-
cn- p-tmXs AXv Adn-b-s-Sm-Xn-cn- p-p. hnm- Xm-
hns hnm-\i - n Hcn-epw tem]n-p-n-. Fp-
sIms-m Ah Ahn-\m-in-bm-Ip-p. B Ah--
bn {]tXy-I-ambn Adn-bm Ah-\n\npw `n-ambn
ap bmsXmcp ]Zmhpw C-X-s.
41. D]x b{X hm A\y-Znh kymXvX{mt\ym f- Xv
]tiy-Zt\ym -f \yn-t{L-Zt\ym f- \yZv cktb
Zt\ym f- \yZv ]tZ-Zt\ym -f \yOr-Wp-bm-Zt\ym
-f \y-\ zo-X mt\ym - f \yXv kv] rti-Zt\ym -f
\yZv hoPm-\o-bm-Xv.
bmsXm-cn-Sv (Pm-{K-Zm-h--bn-tem, kz]v\m-h
- -bn-
tem) Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn asm-p-m-bn-cn-p- _-n-bmb kq-t`mK kma-{Kn-I hgn-bmbn Ghpw
pthm AhnsS A\y-n\v A\ys Zin-p-hm Ign-
bp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys aW-p-hm Ign-bp-p,
A\y-n\v A\ys cpNn-p-hm Ign-bp- p, A\y-n\v
A\ys kwkmcnp-h m Ign-bp- p, A\y- n\v
A\ys {ihn-p-hm Ign- bp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys
a\\w sNp-hm Ign-bp- p, A\y- n\v A\ys
kv]in-p-hm Ign-bp-p, A\y-n\v A\ys Adn-
bp-hm Ihn-bp-p.
42. D]x kene GtIm {Zm-s sZztXm _tXyj
{_-temIx k{am-UnXn ssl\-a-\p-i-imk bm
hIy Gjmky ]cam KXn- t c- j mky
]cam kav]-tZtjm -f ky ]ctam temI Gtjm
-f ky ]ca B\ GXsskyhm\--kym-\ym\n
`qXm\n am{Xm-ap-]-Po-hn
Pe-n F-Xp-t]m-se-Xs kpjp-]vXn-bn GI-
amb AssZzXw {Zm-hm-Ip-p. tl km{amv! CXp Xs-
N P
332
bm-Ipp {_- tem-Iw. C{]-Imcw bm-h- eI v y P\-I\v K
D]-tZiw \In. Ch CXns (]p-cp-j) ]c-a-K-Xn-bm-
Ip-p, Ch CXns ]c-a-k--m-Ip-p. CXv Chs
]c- tem-I-am-Ip-p. CXv Chs ]c-am-\--am- Ip-p. Cu B\-
-ns am{Xsb B{i-bn-p-Xs ap Pohn-I Poh-k-
m-cWw sNp-p.
43. D] k tbm a\p-jym-Wm-Hmw-cmx kartm `h
Xymt\y-jm-a-[n-]Xnx kssham-\p-jy-ssIt`
ssKx kav ] - - X ax k a\p- j ymWmw ]ca
B\tm -f Y tb iXw a\p-j ym-W m-am-\ mx
k GIx ]nXrWmw PnX-t em-I m-\m-am-\ tm f-
Y tbiXw ]nXrWmw PnX-tem-Im-\m-am-\mx k
GtIm K-temI B\tm -f Y tb iXw
Kh-temI B\m k GIx I-tZ-hm\m
am\tm tb IWm tZh-Xz-a-`n-{]-av]Zyt f-
Y tb iXw I-tZ-h m- \ m-a m-\ mx k GI
BPm-\ -tZ-h m-\ m-am-\ tm b t{im{Xntbm f-
hrPnt\m f- Ima-ltXm -f Y tb iX-am-Pm-\-tZ-
hm- \ mam \ mx k GIx {]Pm- ] - X n- t emI
B\tm b t{im{Xntbm -f hrPnt\m Ima-
ltXm -f Y ssbiXw {]Pm-]-Xn-temI B\mx
k G tIm {_ - t e mI B \ t m b
t{im{Xntbm f- hrPnt\m f- Ima-ltXm -f ssYj
Gh ]ca B\ Gj {_-temIx k{am-UnXn
tlmhmN bm hevIyx tkm -f lw `K-htX
kl{kw ZZm- ayX Du[z hntam- m- s sbh
{_qlo-Xy{X l bm-h evtIym _n`m-bm--
Imc ta[mho cmPm ktht`ym amt`y DZ-
cu-o-ZnXn
bmsXmv a\p-jy-cn Fm Ah-b-h--tfmSpw IqSn
]q-k-ar--hpw, ap--h-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-bpw, a\p-jy-kw-
A[nIw k--ambpw Ccn-p-p-thm, AXv a\p-jy-cpsS
]c-a-amb B\-a - m-Ip-p. Ctm a\p-jy-cpsS \qdv B\-
-am-bn-cn-p- Xv ]nXr-tem-Is Iog-S-n-bn-cn-p ]nXr-
K-W-ns Hcp B\--am-Ip-p. ]nXr-tem-Is Iog-S-n-
bn-cn-p ]nXr--fpsS \qdm-\w IqSp-Xv Kh-tem-
I-ns Hcm-\-a - m-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Kh-tem-I-
ns \qdm-\ - -am-bn-cn-p--Xv, I- tZ-h-m-cp-sS--I-
hgn tZhXzw {]m]n--h-- H-cm-\--am-Ip-p. I- tZ-h-
m-cpsS \qdm\w IqSpXv BPm-\-tZ-h-m-cpsS Hcm-\--
am-Ip-p. bmsXmv B Pm\-tZ-h-m-cpsS \qdm-\--am-bn-cn-
p-pthm AXv {]Pm-]Xn temI-nse Hcm-\--am-bn-cn-p-
p. {]Pm-]Xn temI-nse \qdm-\w IqSp-Xv {_-tem-
I- nse Hcm- \--am-Ip-p. bmsXmv \njv]m- ]-hpw, \njvIm-
ahpw t{im{Xn-b-hp-am-bn-cn- p-pthm Ahbv pw B
B\w kn-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse CXpXs ]c-am-\--
hp-am-Ip-p. tl km{amv! CXm-Ipp {_-tem-Iw. Fn-
s\ bm-h-evIy ]d-p. P\-I ]dp: Rm

I {ioam-\mb Atbvv Bbncw tKmsf \Ip-p, C\n
aptmv tam-n-\p-thn Ap-]-tZ-in-m-epw. CXp-tIv th-m-hns Fm `qX-fpw Cu {_w hcp-p, Cu
bm- h-evIy, _pn-am-\mb cmPmhp Xs Fm {]iv\- {_w hcpp Fp ]dv {]Xo-n-p-p.
-tfbpw \n-b-]-cy-w, Dcw \Ip--Xn\v _n-
n-cn-pp Fv `b-s-p.
44. D]-k hm Gj GX-kvan kz]v\t cXzm
N cnXzm Zrssz h ]pWyw N ]m]w N ]p\x
{] Xn\ymbw {]Xn- tbm- \ ym- {Z- h Xn _pm- -
ssbh
Cu ]pcp-j Cu kz]v\m--n can-p-Ibpw hnl-
cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv ]pWy- tbpw ]m]- tbpw Ip-sIm-
p- X s hopw t]mb am- n q- S - n - X s
bYmkvYm\-amb Pm{K-Zm-h- -bn-te-p-Xs aS-n-h-p.
45. D] XZv bYm\x kpk-am-ln-X-ap-PZv bmbm
tZh-ta-hmbw imcoc Bm {]t-\m- \m
\zmcqV DP bmXn b ss{XX-Zqt[zmO
hmko `h-Xn.
temI-n F{]-Imcw hf-sc-b-[nIw `mchpw hln-p-
sImv N- Sm- hn i_vZw ]pd- s-Sp-hnp sImp t]mIp-
p-thm, AXp-t]m-s e-X s tZl-tm-S p-I q-S nb Cu
Bmhv Adn-hp Bm-thm-Sp-IqSn B[n-jvTn-X-ambn
Duz-izmkw hen-p--Xp-t]mse i_vZn-p-sIm-p-t]m-
Ip-p.
46. D] k b{Xm-b-a-Wn-am\w t\yXn Pcbm thm
]X- ] Xm hmWn- a m\w \nK- Xn XZv bYm{aw
thmZp- a v _ c w hm ] n e w hm _ - \ mX v
{]]pNyX Gh- t a- h mbw ]pcpj Gt`ym - f
MvtK`yx kav{]-apNy ]p\x {]Xn-\ ymbw {]Xn-
tbm-\ym{ZhXn {]mWm-ssbh
Cu icocw GXp ka-bv Iri-Xzs {]m]n-p-p-
thm, hrm-h--bmtem As-n Pzcm-Zn-tcm- Imc-
Wtam Iri-am-bn-o-cp-pthm B kabw amm, An-
-gw, apX-em-bh _w hnp-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]mse Cu ]pcp-
j Cu Ah-b -h-se Dt]- nv GsXmcp am-
nqSn hn-cp-p-thm, AXnq-S-Xs {]tXy-I-
amb tbm\n-I-fn {]mWs {]tXy-Ia - mb A`n-hy-n-Xz-
n- \p-thn {]bmWw sNp-p.
47. D] XZv bYm cmPm-\-am-bm--ap{Km {]tXy-\kx
kqX-{Km-atWym - f ssx ]mss\-c m-h-k ssYx
{] XnI-e v] t - f bam-b m-X y- b -a m- K- O -X o- tXy-
hHmw ssl hwhn-ZvHmw kmWn kqXm\n {]Xn-
I-ev]x CZw {_m-bm-Xo-Z-am-K-O-XoXn
F{]-Imcw BK-X-\m-Ip cmPm-hns\ D{K-Im-fpw
]m]-Ip-thn \nbp--am--s kqX-m-cpw,
{Kma-ap-Jy-m-cpw-IqSn Aw, ]m\w, \nhm-k
- m\w apX-
em-bh Xm-dm-n, Atlw hp, Atlw hp Fp
N P
333
]dv {]Xo- n- n-cn-vIp- pthm: AtX- {]-Imcw Cu I- K
48. D]- - X Zv bYm cPm\w {]bn- b m- k - - a p{Kx
{]tXy\kx kq{X-{Km-a tWym f- `nk-am-b -t-b-
h- tath aam- m-\ -a- - I mte kt {]mWm
A`n-ka- mbn bss{X-X-Zqt[zm-Ozmko `h-Xn.
bm{Xbvp Xm- dm- bn-cn-p cmPm-hn--`n- ap- J- ambn D{K-
In-I-fpw, ]m]-I-p \nbp--cmb kqX-m-cpw,
{Kma-nse t\Xm--mcpw t]mIp--Xp-t]m-se, Hcm-mhv
Du[z-izmkw hen-p-hm XpS-p-tm Ah-km-\-\n-an-
j-n Fm {]mW\pw Cu Bm-hn--`n-ap-J-ambn AXn-
t\m-Sp-IqSn t]mIp-p.
\memw {_mWw
49. D] k b{Xm-b -a m- -_ eyw t\yXy ktm
lanh t\XyssY-\-tatX {]mWm A`n-k-ambn
k G X m- k vtX - t Pm- a m{X x k a- ` zm- Z - Z mt\ m
lrZbtah \zh-{Im-aXn k bss{Xj Nmpjx
]pcpjx ]cmMv ]bmhXtX -f Ymcq-]tm
`hXn
Cu Bmhv Zp-e-Xsb {]m]n-p ka-bw, AXm-
bXv ktm-ls {]m]n-p-tm Cu hmKm-Zn-I-fmb
{]mW CXn-\p-thn A`n-ap-J-ambn hcp-p. AXv Cu
{]mWs tXtPm-am-{X-Isf kay-mb coXn-bn kzoI- cnv
lrZ-b-n A\p-{I (A-`n-hy m\-hm-\m-bn)-am-bn-
o-cp-p. Cu Nmp-j] - p-cp-j Fm `mKpw hymhr-
-\m-Ip B ka-bv ac-Wm-k - cq]-m-\-lo-\-
\m-bn-o-cp- p.
50. D]x GIo-`-hXn \ ]iy-Xo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn\
Pn{L - X o- X ym- l p- t c Io ` hX n \ c k - b X
CXymlqtc-Io-`-hXn \ hZ-\o-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn
\ irtWmXo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-`-hXn \ a\pX CXym-
lp-tcIo`hXn \ kv]ri-Xo-Xym-lp-tc-Io-` -hXn
\ hnPm\mXo-Xym-lp-kvXky Xssl-Xky lrZ-
b-kym{Kw {]tZym-XtX tX\ {]tZym-tX-ss\j
Bm \njv{ ImaXn Nptm hm aq[t\m
hmt\ymt`ym hm ico-c-tZ-ti-`y-kvX-ap-XvIm-aw
{]mtWmXv{ImaXn {]mW-a-cp-Xv{Im-aw kth
{]mWm B\qXv{Iman khn-mt\m `hXn
khn- m\ tahm- \ z- h - { Im- a Xn Xm hnZzm-
IaWo ka\zmtZtX ]qh-{]m N
(N-p- cn-{nbw enwKm-m-thm-Sq-Iq-Sn) GI-cq-]-ambn `hn-
p-p, Atm Bfp-I ImWp-n Fp ]d-bpp
({Lm-tW-{n.-bw) GI-cq-]a- m-bn-o-cp-p, Atm izkn-
p-n Fp ]d-bp-p, hmKv-C-{nbw GI-cq-]a - m-bn-o-

I cp-p, Atm kwkm-cn-p-n Fp ]d-bp-p(ck-t\-
{n-bw) GI-cq-]a - m-bn-o-cpp Atm cpNn-p-n
Fp ]d-bp-p. (t{im-t{X- {n-bw) GI-cq-]-am-bn-o-cpp
Atm tIp-n Fp ]d-bp-p, (a-\-v) GI-cq-]-
amb-bn-X- Xo-cpp Atm a\\w sNpn Fp ]d-bp-
p. (Xz- n-{n-bw) GI- cq-]-am- bn-o- cpp Atm kv]in-
p-n Fp ]d-bp-p. (_p-n-enw-Km-m-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn) GI-
cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-tm Adn-bpn Fp ]d-bp-p. AXv
Cu lrZ-b-ns A{K-`m-Kv (sh-f n-bn-te-b v p
amw) A Xy w {]Im- i n- p- h m XpS- p- p.
AXn\npw Cu Bmhv t\{X--fn-q-Sn, aqzm-
hnq-Sn, As-n ico-c - ns at-sX-nepw `mK--
fnqSn ]pd- tbvp IS- p-t]m-Ip- p. AXv DXv{I- aWw
sNp-tm AXn-t\m-sSm-w-Xs {]mW\pw DXv{I-an-p-
p. {]mW DXv{I-anp Ign-m Fm {]mW\pw (C-
{n-b-hw) DXv{I-an-p-p. B ka-bv Cu Bmhv
{]tXyIw hnm-\-hm-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw hnm-\-bp--
amb {]tZ-i-s-Xs {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. B
kabw AXns\ m\-hpw, I-hpw, ]q-{]-bpw
A\p-K-an-p-p.
51. D]x XZv bYm XrW-P-e m-bpIm XrW-k ymw
KXzm-\y-am-{I-a-am-{I-aym- -\-ap-]-k w-l -c -tXy-hta
hmb-am-tZ Hmw icocw \nl-X ym-hnZymw Ka
YnXzm-\y-am-{I-am-{I-aym- m-\-ap-]k Hmw lc-Xn.
F{]-Imcw \oc Hcp XrW-ns A{K-n-en
asmcp XrW-cq-]-amb B{i-bs ]nSnv kzbw Npcp-p-
p-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu B-ahv Cu ico-cs
h[nv Ahn-Zysb (\n-t-m-h-sb) {]m]nv am-[m-
cs B{i-b-amn kzb D]-kw-l-cn-p-p.
52. D] XZv bYm t]i-kvImco t]itkm am{Xm
a]m-Zm-bm-\y--h-Xcw Ieym-W-Xcw cq]w X\pX
Gh-ta-hm-b-am-tZ Hmw icocw \nl-Xym-hnZymw
Ka-b n- X zm-\ y- -h -X cw Ieym- W -X c Hmw cq]w
IcptX ]n{Xymw hm Kmh hm ssZhw hm
{] Pm- ] X yw hm {_m w hmt\ yj mw hm
`qXm\mw
kz--Wn-m-c F{]-Imcw kz-ns Aev]-
amb `mKw FSpv asmcp ]pXn-bXpw A[nIw at\m-l-c-
hp-amb cq]s krn-p-p-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs Cu
Bmhv Cu ico-cs \in-nv AtN-X-\m-h - sb
{]m]nv ap ]nXr-, K-m, tZh-m, {]Pm-]-Xn,
{_m-h,v ap `qX- ap-Xem-b-hb
- psS \ho-\-hpw, kp-
c-hp-amb cq]s cNn-p-p.
53. D] k hm Ab-amm {_ hnm-\-atbm
at\m-abx {]mW-a-b - - pabx t{im{X-abx
]rYzn- a b Bt]m- a tbm hmbp- a b BIm- i -
abkvtXtPm-atbm - f tXtPm-abx Ima-atbm -f
N P
334
Ima-abx t{Im[-atbm -f t{Im[-atbm [-atbm K
-f [-abx kh-a-b-kvXXv btZ-XZ- n-Z-a-atbm -
f tZmab CXn bYm-Imco bYm-Nmco XYm `hXn
km[pImco km[p`-h Xn ]m]-I mco ]mt]m
`hXn ]pWyx ]ptWy\ Ia-Wm `hXn ]m]x
]mt]\x, AtYm Jezmlpx Ima-ab Ghmbw
]pcpj CXn k bYm-Imtam `hXn XXv{I-Xp
`hXn bXv{I-Xp`-hXn XXv Ia IcptX bXv
Ia IcptX XZ-] n-k-av]-Zy-tX.
Cu Bmhv B ]c-{_w Xs-bm-Ip-p. CXp
hnm-\-a-bh - pw, at\m-a-bhpw, {]mWa-b-hpw, Npa-b-
hpw, t{im{X-a-b-hpw, ]rYzo-a-b-hpw, Pe-a-bh - pw, hmbqa-
bhpw, BIm-i-a-b-hpw, tXtPm-a-b-hpw, AtX-tPm-a-bh - pw,
Ima-a-bh
- pw, AIm-a-a-b-hpw, t{Im[-a-b-hpw, At{Im-[a - -b-
hpw, [a-a-b-hpw, A[a-a-bh - pw, kh-a-b-hp-am-Ip-p.
bmsXmv {]Xy--hpw, ]tcm--hp-am-Ip-pthm AXpw
AXp-X-s-bm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Imcw sNp-Ibpw BN-cn-
p-Ibpw sNp-pthm An-s\-X-s-bm-bn- o-cp-p.
k- sNp-tm kn-bmbpw ]m]-
I- sNp-tm kXvIn- bmbpw ]m]- I-
sNp-tm ]m]nbmbpw Xocp-p. Cu ]pcp-j ]pWy-
I--fm ]pWym-m-hmbpw ]m]-I--fm ]m]m-
m- hmbpw `hn-p-p. Cu ]pcp-j Ima- a-bXs Fv
]ecpw ]d-bp-p. F{]-Imcw k-ev]n-p-pthm AXp-
t]mse Iw A\p-jT v n-p- I-bpw, B I-- \p-kr-
X- amb ^ew {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
54. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn, XtZh kx kl
Ia-ssWXn enwMvKw at\m b{X \nja-ky,
{]m]ymw Ia-W-kvXky bXvIntl Itcm-
Xy- b w , Xkvam- t m- I mXv ] p\- t c- X ykv s sa
temImb IaW CXn \p Ima-b-amt\m f- Ym
Ima-b -amt\m tbm -f Imtam \njvIma B]v X-
Ima B-Imtam \ Xky {]mWm DXv{Im-an
{_ssh k {_m-t]yXn.
B hnj-bs kw_-n-p--XmWv Cu a{w--C-
Xns enwKw AXm-bXv a\v bmsXm-n- AXy-[nIw
Bk--am-Ip-p-thm, AtX ^es A`n-e-jnv I-
k-lnXw {]m]n-p-p. Cu temI-n CXv bmsXmp
sNp-p-thm, B I-ns ^ew {]m]nv B temI-
n\nv I- sNp-- Xn-\mbn hopw Cu temI-
nhp tNcp-p. Xo-bmbpw A`n-em-tj-Op-hmb
]pcp-j C{]-Imcw Xs sNp-p. C\n A`n-te-tj-Op-
h-m ]pcp-j-s\-n ]d-bp-p. bmsXm-cp- AIm-aw,
\njvIm-aw, B]vX-Im-aw, B-Imaw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-
bn-cn-p-p-thm, Ahs {]mW DXv{I-aWw sNp-n;
Ah {_-ambn hkn-p-sImv {_s {]m]n-p- p.
55. D] XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn, bZm kth {]ap
N yt Imam tb - f k y l r Zn {i nX mx,

I AYatXym -f artXm `h-Xy{X {_ ka-iv\pX
CXn, XZy- Y m- l n- \ nez- b Xo hev a otI arXm
{]XykvXm ibo-ssX-h-ta-thZ Hmw icoc Hmw
titX - f Ymb- a - i - c otcm - f arXx {]mtWm
{_ss h tXP Gh tkm - f lw `K-h tX
kl{kw ZZmaoXn tlmhmN P\tIm thtZlx.
GsX-nepw ka-bv Chs lrZ-b - n B{i-b-
-fmb kIe A`n-em-j--fp-tSbpw \miw kw`-hn-p-
tm Cu ac-W-[mhv Aa-c-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw ChnsS
Cu ico-c-n\n-p-Xs Ah\v {_-{]m]vXn Dm-Ip-
Ibpw sNp-p. CXn-s\mcp Zrm-w--]m-ns ]Sw
NnXp-n\p apI-fn arXhpw ]mn-\m ]cn-Xy--hp-
amb InS-p--Xp-t]mse Cu icocw InSp-p. Cu ico-
c-c-ln-X-amb Aar-X-{]m-W- \m-Is {_w-X-s-bm-Ip-p
tXPv Xs-bm- Ip- p. Atm hntZ-l-cm-Pm- hmb P\- I
]dp- ""Rm\m-Ip P\-I {ioam\v Bbncw tKmsf
\Ip-p.''
56. D] XtZtX tmIm `h-n, AWpx ]m hn
XXx ]pcmtWm am Hmw kv]rtm -f \phntm
a ssbh, tX\ [ocm A]n-b n {_-h nZx
kzK temI-anX Du[z hnaqmx
Cu m\-amw kqva-hpw, hnim-e-hpw, ]pcm-X-\-
hp-am-Ip-p. AXv Fs kv]in-n-cn-p-p. Rm Xs
AXns ^e-amb km[-I-m\w {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. [oc
{_-th-m-hmb ]pcp-j Cu temI-n Pohn-p-sIm-
p-Xs ap-\mbn ico-c-Xym-K-n-\p-tijw AtX-am-
nqSn kz-tem-Is AXm-bXv tams {]m]n-
p-p.
57. D] Xkvan-RvOp--apX \oe-amlpx ]nMvKeHmw
lcnXw temlnXw Nm Gj ]m {_Wm
lm\p-hn kvtXss\Xn {_-hnXv ]pWyIr-
ss- P -k
Cu ams kw_-n--A v -`n-{]m-b-hy-Xymkw Dv.
Nne AXn ip-hhpw Nne \oe-hhpw hn-
p-p. AXp-t]mse Nne ]nwK-eh- avW-hpw, Nne lcn-
X-h-hpw, Nne temln-X-h-hp-am-sWv ]d-bp-p.
Fm Cu amw kmm {_-m A\p-`q-X-am-
Ip-p. B amnqSn ]pWy-I--f\ - p-n-p
]c-am tXP-kz-cq-]-cmb {_-th-m- am{Xw IS-p-
t]m-Ip-p.
58. D] Aw Xax {]hn-in tb f- hnZym-ap]m
ktX XtXm `qb Ch tX Xtam b D hnZymb
Hmw cXmx.
bmsXm-cp- Ahn-Zysb (Iw) D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah Am-\m--Im-c- n {]th-in-p-I-bpw, bmsXm-
cp- hnZy-bn (I-Im--cq-]-{X-bo-hn-Zy) \nc-X- \m-bn-
cn-p-p-thm, Ah a-Xn-t\-m tLmc-amb A-Im-c-
N P
335
n {]thinp-Ibpw sNp-p. K
59. D]-B
- -\m \ma tX temIm At\ Xakm
hrXmx, XmHmwkvtX t{]Xym-`n-K-O-y-hn-ZzmHmw
tkm -f _pt[m P\mx
A\-(- A- kp-J) F temIw A-X-a- n-\m hym]vX-
am-Ip-p. Ahn-Zzm-mcpw Am-\n-I-fp-amb Bfp-I ac-
Wm-\-cw Ah-sb-Xs {]m]n-p-p.
60. D] Bm\w tNZv hnPm-\ o-b m-Z-b - a-k va oXn
]qcpjx, Inan-O Iky Imamb ico-c-a-\pkw
Pztc-X v.
]pcp-j Bm-hns\ CXv Rm Xs sbv hnti-
j-cq-]
- n Adn-bp-I-bm-W-n ]ns-sb-mWv? A`n-
em-j - -tfm-S p-I q-S n, {Kl- -tfm-S p-I qSn ico-c - ns
]nmse Fn\v k-]X v -\m-Ipp?
61. D] bkym-\p-hnx {]Xn-_p Bm-kvan
kwtZtlm Klt\ {]hnx, k hniz-IrXv kln
kky IXm Xky temIx k D temI Gh.
Cu At\Iw A\--fm ]qhpw hnth-I-hn-
m-\-hn-tcm-[n-bp-amb hnj-a-i-co-c-n {]hn--amb
Bmhv bmsXmcp {_-Ws Adn-bp-I-bpw, {]m]n-p-
Ibpw sNp- pthm Ah hniz-Ir-m-bn-o-cpp;
Ah AJn-e - n-tbpw Im-h mbn `hn- p- p.
Bmhv Ah-t-Xp-X-t-bm-Ipp; AhXs kzbw
Bm-hm-bn- o-cp-p.
62. D] Csslh ktm -f Y hnZva-kvX-Zzbw \
tNZ- t h- Z n a- l X o hn\ nx, tb X Zzn- Z p- c -
arXmkvtX `h-y-tY-Xtc ZpxJta-hm-]n-b-n.
\mw Cu ico-c-n hkn-p-sImp Xs AXns\
Adn- b p-s - n IrXm-c m- b n- o-c p- p. Fm
AXns\ {Kln-m-Xn-cn-p- Xv hfsc lm\n-I-c-am-W v.
bmsXm-cp- AXns\ {Kln-p-p-thm, Ah Aa-c-
\mbn `hn-p-p. Fm ap-- h ZpxJs {]m]n-p-
p.
63. D] bssZ-X-a-\p-]-iym-Xym-m\w tZh-a-RvP-km,
Cuim\w `qX-`h - yky \ XtX hnPq-Kp-]vk-tX,
`q-X-n-tbpw `mhn-bp-sSbpw \mY-\mb Cu {]Im-i-
am- \- amb AYhm I-^-e-Zm-Xm-hmb Bm- hns\ a\p- jy
{]Xy--n a\-n-em-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\npw
Xs cn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-n- .
64. D]x bkvam-Zhm-h-kw-h-tcm -f tlmZn ]cn-
hXtX, Xthm tPymXnjw tPymXn-cm-bqtlm
]mktX -f arXw
bmsXm-n- \-Sn-bn-embn kwh--c-N{Iw Atlm-cm-{XmZn
Ah-b-h--tfm-Sp-IqSn Id-n-sm-n-cn-p-p-thm, B

I BZn-XymZn tPymXn-p-If- psS tPymXn-kz-cq-]-\mb Aar-
Xs tZh- KW Bbpkv F {]Im- c- n D]m-kn-pp
65. D]x bkvan] ]-P\m BIm-i {]Xn
jv TnXx, Xtah a\y Bm\w hnZzm {_m
artXm f- arXw
bmsXm-n ]-P-\--fpw, BIm-ihpw {]Xn-jT v n-X-
am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, B Bm-hn-s\-s Aar-X-{_--am-
bn, Rm AwKo-I-cn-p-p. B {_s Adn-bp--h-
\mb Rm Aa-cX-s-bm-Ip-p.
66. D]x {]mWky {]mW-apX Np-j - - p-cpX
t{imXky t{im{Xw a\tkm tb at\m hnZpx
tX \nNn-Iyp{_ ]pcm-W-a{Kyw
bmsXm-cp- AXns\ {]mWs {]mW-\mbpw t{im{X-
ns t{im{X- am-bpw, a\-ns a\-m-bpw, {Kln-p-p-
thm, Ah ]pcm-X-\hpw A{Ky-hp-amb B {_s Adn-
bp-p.
67. D]x a\-ssk-hm-\p-{Z-hyw t\l \m\mkvXn
In\, artXym k arXyp-am-]vt\mXn b Cl
\mt\h ]iy-Xn.
{_s BNm-tcym-]-tZ-i -] qw hon- -Ww.
CXn \m\mXzw bmsXm-p-an-. bmsXm-cp- CXn
\m\m-Xz-n\v Xpey-ambn ImWp-p-thm, Ah arXyp-
hnqSn arXyp-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
68. D]x GI-ss[-hm-\p-{Z--hy-ta-XZ- -{]-tabw [rhw
hncPx ]c BImimZP Bm alm {[phx
B {_s BNm-tcym-]-tZ-i-n-\p-tijw Htc coXn-
bnXs hon- -Ww. Cu {_w A{]-ta-bh - pw, Ahn-
N-en-Xh
- pw, \n-e-hpw, BIm-i-t-mfpw kqva-hpw,
AP-m-hpw, alpw Ahn-\m-inbpw BIp-p.
69. D] Xtah [otcm hnmb {]w Ipho
X {_Wx, \m\p-[ym-bmZv _lpWvO_vZm
hmtNm hnm-]\ Hmw ln XZnXn
_pn-am-\ mb {_m-W AXn-s\-Xs Adnv
AXn\np Adnhp km-Zn--Ww. hf-sc-b-[nIw hmp-
I Dcp-hn-Sm-Xn-cn--s. AXv hmp-If
- psS {]I-S\w am{X-
am-Ip-p.
70. D] k hm Gj alm-\P Bm tbm f- bw
hnm-\-abx {]mtWjp b Gtjm -f lr-
Zb BIm-i-kvX-a-kvan-RvtOtX khky hio
kh tkyim\x kh- k ym- [ n- ] Xnx k \
km[p\m IaWm `qbmtm Ghm-k m-[ p\m
I\o-bm-t\j kthizc Gj `qXm-[n-]X - n-tcj
`qX-]me Gj tkXphn-[-cW Gjmw temIm-
\m- a kv a t`Zmb XtaXw thZm- \ p- h - N - t \\
{_mWm hnhn-Zn-j n bt\ Zt\\ X]-
N P
336
km-\ m-i tIss\X- tah hnZnXzm ap\n`-h -X n, K
GX-tah {]{]mPnt\m temI-hn-O x {]{]-P -
n, GX kva ssh XXv] qth hnZzm-Hmwk
{]Pmw \ Imabt Inw {]Pbm Icn-jymtam
tbjmw t\m f- bam-mbw temI CXn tX l
kv a ]pss{X-j Wmb hnss- j - W m- b
temssI-j -Wm-b hypm-b mY `nm-Nb
Ncn bm tlyh ]pss{X-jWm km hnss-
jWm bm hnssjWm km temssI- j -
tWmt` tlytX GjtW Gh `hXx k Gj
t\Xn t\Xymm Krtlym \ ln KrlytX f-
iotbm \ ln iobtX -f kMvtKm \ ln
kPytX -f kntXm \ hyYtX \ cnjy-tXy-Xap
sslsshtX \ XcX CXypXx ]m]-a-I-c -h-an-
XyXx Ieym-W -a-I -c -hanXypt` D sslsshj
GtX XcXn ss\\w IrXmIrtX X]Xx
Cu alm AP-m-hmb Bm-hv, AXm-bXv {]mW-
\n hnm-\-a-b-am-bn-cn-p-Xv lrZ-b-am-Ip BIm-i-
n hkn-p-p. AXv Fm-n-t\bpw Iogvs-Sp-p--
Xpw, Fm-n-sbpw A[n-]-Xnbpw BIp-p. AXv ip`-
I- -fm hf-c p-It- bm, Aip-`-I--fm Xf-cp-
Itbm sNp-n- . AXv kt-iz-c-\m-Ipp; `qX--fpsS
A[n-]-Xn-bpw, `qX-sf ]men-p--h\ - p-am-Ip-p. Cu
temI--epsS acymZ `wK-s-Sm-Xn-cn--s Cu Dt-i-tm-
Sp-IqSn AXv Chsb hln-p-sIm-ncnp tkXp-hm-Ip-
p. (D-]-\n-j-p-I-fn CXns kzcq-]s hnh-cn-p-p-
v) AXv Cu Bm-hns\ {_m-W-th-Z--fpsS kzm[ym-
bw, bw, Zm\w, \njvIm-a-X]w Ch-I Zzmcm Adn-hm-
\m- {K-ln- p-p. CXn-s\-Xs Adn-p-sImv aljn-bm-
bn-o- cp-p. Cu B- tem-Is Imwn- p-sImv XymKn-
bmb ]pcp-j Fm-ap-t]-nv IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. (k-\ym-
kn-bm-bn-o-cp-p) Cu k\ym-k - ns ImcWw ]q-
h-n-bmb m\n-I km-\-sf B{K-ln-n-cp-n-.
(A-h Nnn-n-cp--Xv) \apv {]P-If - n\npw Fp
Inpp? \psS B{Klw Cu B-temIw Xs-bm-Ip-
p. AXn-\m Ah ]pt{X-O-bn\n-pw, hnt-O-
bn\n-pw, temtI-O-bn\npw Dm\w sNbvXv `nm-
Ncy A\p-jvTn-n-cp-p. bmsXm-cp- ]pt{X-Op-hm-Ip-
pthm Ah hnt-Op-hpw. bmsXm-cp- hnt-Op-
hm-Ip-pthm Ah temtI-Op-hm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Ch
cpw A`n-em-j--fm-Ip-p. Ah Cu t\Xn-t\Xn Fp
P]n--s-Sp Bmhv AKr-ly-am-Ip-p. Ah {Kln-
-s-Sp-n- , AXv Aio-cy-am-Ip-p, AXn\p \miw kw`-
hn-p-n, AXv Akw-K-am-Ip-p, AXv Hcn-epw Ak-
-am-Ip-n, AXv _n--s-Sp-n-. AXn-\m hyYn-
X-am-Ip-n. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn\p bw kw`-hn-p-
n. Cu Bm-hns\ Ch cpw (]m-]-]pWy kw_-n-
bmb timIhpw ljhpw) {]m]n-p-n-. AXn-\m,
Cm-c-W-m, Rm ]m]w sNbvXn-cn-pp (C-s\

I ]m-m-]-hpw) Cm-c-W-m Rm ]pWyw sNbvXn-
cn-pp (C-{]-Imcw ktm-jn-p-I-bpw) Cu cn-t\bpw Aa-c-hpw, Aar-X-hpw, A`-b-{_-m-hp-am-Ip-p. A`-bw-
AXp IS-p-t]m-Ip-p. Cs\ sN-s--Xpw, sN-s-Sm- Xs {_-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-p-
- Xp-amb \nXy-I- (^- e-{]-Zm-\hpw {]Xy- hm- b-hhpw p-thm, Ah B A`-b-{_ Xs Bbn-o-cp-p.
hgn) X]n-n-p-n-.
71. D] XtZX ZrNm-`yp-w, Gj \ntXym alnam
{_ m - W k y \ h [ tX I aW m t\ m
I\ obm , X s s k yh k ymX v ] Z- h n w
hnZnXzm\ en]ytX IaWm ]m]- t I- t \- X n,
Xkv a mtZhw hnOmtm Zm D]- c - X - k v X n-
Xnpx kamlntXm `qXzm- - t \y- h m- m\w
]iyXn khamm\w ]iyXn ss\\w ]m]vam
XcXn kh ]m]vam\w XcXn ss\\w ]m]vam
X]Xn kh ]m]v a m\w X]Xn hn]mt]m
hnctPm f- hnNn-Intm {_mtWm `h-tXyj
{_ te mIx k {am- t U \ w {] m] ntX m - f
koXntlmhmN bm-hevIyx tkm f- lw `K-
htX hntZ- l m ZZman amw N m] n k l
ZmkymtbXn.
Cu Imcyw-Xs a{- hgn-bmbpw ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-
p. CXv {_-th-m-hns \nXy-amb aln-a-bm-Ip-p.
AXv I-m IqSp-p-an-, Ipd-bp-p-an-. B aln-a-
bpsS kzcq- ]s Adn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn--Ww. AXv Adn-p-
sImv ]m]-I--fp-ambn Aen-p-tN-cp-n-. AXn-
\m C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h im-cpw, Zm-cpw, D]-cX - -
cpw, XnXn-p--fpw, kam-ln-X-cp-ambn Bm-hnXs
Bm-hns\ Zin- p-p. Fm- n-t\bpw Bmhp Zin-
p-p. AXn\v ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS {]m]vXn-bp-m-Ip-n-,
CXv Fm ]m]--f p-tSbpw adp-Ic IS- p-t]m-Ipp.
]m]hpw ]pWyhpw CXns\ kao-]n- p-n- , CXv Fm ]m]-
-tfbpw k-]X v - am-p-p. CXv ]m]-c-ln-Xhpw \njvI-a-
hpw, \nw-i-b-hpw, {_m-W-hp-ambn `hn-p-p. tl
km{amv! CXm-Ipp {_-tem-Iw. An CXns\ kao-]n-
n-cnp-p. C{]-Imcw bm-h-eI v y ]d-p. Atm
P\-I ]d-p, CXm Rm {ioa\v hntZ-l-cmPyw \evIp-
p, AtXm-Sp-IqSn Atbvp tkh-sN-p-hm kzbw
kan-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
72. D]x k hm Gj alm-\P Am-mtZm hkp
Zmt\m hncptX hkpb Ghw thZ
Cu alm\pw AP-m-hp-amb Bmhv Aw `n-p-
I-bpw, I-^ew \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. bmsXmcp
C{]- Imcw {Kln-p-p-thm, Ahs\ Fm I-^-e- fpw
{]m]n-p-p.
73. D]x k hm Gj alm-\P Bm-Ptcm f- atcm
f- artXm -f `tbm {_m-`bw ssh {_m-`b
Hmw ln ssh {_ `hXn b Ghw thZ.
N P
337
Cu alm\pw AP-m-hp-amb Bm- hp-Xs AP-c- hpw, K
Amw {_mWw
74. D]x AY l bm-h-evIyky tZz `mtcy _`q
hXpssa-t{Xbo N ImXym-b \o N Xtbml
ssat{Xbo {_- h m- Z n\o _`qh kv { Xo{]-
t h X ln ImXym- b - \ yY l bm -
hev tIym -f \yZv hr-ap-] m-I-cn-j y
bm-h-eI v y\v ssat{Xbn Fpw ImXym-b\n Fpw
cp `mcy-am-cp-m-bn-cpp FXv {]kn--am-W-tm. Ah-
cn ssat{Xbn {_-hm-Zn-\nbpw ImXym-b\n km[m-cW
kv{XoI-fpsS _pn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh
- f
- p-am-bn-cp-p. Atm
bm-h-evIy kym-k-Ncy Bcw-`n-p-hm-\p B{K-
l-tm-Sp-IqSn ]dp.
75. D] ssat{X- b oXn tlmhmN bm-h ev I y
{]{h-Pn-jy hm Atc -f la-k va mXv m\m-
Zkv a n l tX - f \bm ImXym- b - \ ymw
IchmWoXn.
bmhevIy ]dp: Atbm ssat{Xbo! Rm\o-
Kr-l-m-{i-a-ns k-kzhpw Dt]-nv t]mIp-hm
XpS-p-p, AXm-bXv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-hm hnNm-cn-
p-p. Rm \ns A\p-aXn Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw B{K-
ln-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m Cu ImXym-b-\n-tbm-Sp-
IqSn \n\-n--am-sW-n hkn-mw.
76. D]-km tlmhmN ssat{Xbo bp a Cbw
`tKmx khm ]rYnho hnt\ ]qWmkymXv
kymw \zlw tX\m-arXm -f tlm t\Xnt\Xn
tlmhmN bm-hevtIym bssYthm]I-c-W-
{XXmw PohnXw XssYh tX Pohn-XHmwkymZ-
ar-X-Xzky Xp \mimkvXn hnt-t\-Xn.
ssat{Xbn ]d-p `K-hm! Cu [\-m k--
bmb `qan apgp-h Ft-Xm-bn- o- cp-I-bm-sW- n F\nv
AtXm-S p-I qSn Aa- c -b m-b n- o-c p- h m km[n- p-tam,
Ctbm? bm-h-eI v y ]dpkm-[y-a; t`mK-km-a-
{Kn-I-fm k--am-bXv a\p-jy-cp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep Pohn-X-am-
Ip-p, \ns Pohn-Xhpw AXp-t]mse Bbn-cn-pw. [\-
nqSn Aa-c-Xzs Bin-tb th.
77. D]-km tlmhmN ssat{Xbo tb\mlw \marXm
kymw Inalw tX\ Ipbm btZh `Kh thZ
XtZ-hta {_qlo-Xn.
ssat{Xbn ]dp: bmsXm-p-sImv F\nv Aa-
cXzw {]m]n-p-hm km[y-a-tbm AXp kzoI-cn-p- sImv
 338

I Rms\p sNpw? {ioam! At-bv-dn-hp Aar-X- thn [\w {]nb-s--h\ K

- m-Ip-n-, Xt-Xmb {]tbm-P-\-
Xz-km-[-Isf F\n-p-]-tZ-inp Xm-epw. n-\p-thn [\w {]nb-s--Xm-bn-o-cp-p. arK--fpsS
{]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn arK- {]nb-s--h-bm-Ip-n- .
78. D]-k tlmhmN bm-hevIyx {]nbm
kzw {]tbm-P\ - -n-\p-thn arK- {]nb-s--h-bm-bn-
th Jep t\m `hXn kXo {]nb-a-hr-[-
o-cp-p, {_m-Ws {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn {_m-
Xln `h-tXy-XZv hymJym-kyman tX hymN
W {]nb-s--h-\m-Ip- n-. kzw {]tbm-P- \-n- \p-thn
mWky Xp ta \nZn-[ym-k-tkzXn
{_m-W {]nb-s--h- \m-bn-o-cp-p. {Xn-bs {]tbm-
bm-hIy ]d-p. Xo-bm-bpw. \o ]p-ap- P-\-n-\p-thn {Xn-b {]nb- \m-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbm-
Xte \psS {]nb-bm-bn-cpp; Cu ka-bpw \o \psS P-\-n-\p-thn {Xn-b {]nb-s--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
ktm-js hfp-p. AXn-\m tl tZho! Rm temI-ns {]tbm-P-\-n-\mbn temIw {]nb-s--Xm-Ip-
ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn \n\-p-thn CXns\ hymJym-\n- n-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\mbn temIw {]nb-s--Xm-bn-
mw. Rm hymJym-\n-p hnj-b - -sf-n \o Nnn- o-cp-p, tZh-m-cpsS {]tbm-P-\ - n-\p-thn tZh-m
- Ww. {]nb-s--h-cm-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn tZh-
79. D] k tlmhmN \ hm Atc ]Xypx Imamb m {]nb- s--h-cm-bn-o- cp-p. thZ- -fpsS {]tbm-P-\- n-
]Xnx {]ntbm `h-Xy--\kvXp Imamb ]Xnx {]n \p-thn thZ- {]nb-s--h-bm-Ip-n-. kzw {]tbm-
tbm `h-X n, \ hm Atc Pmbmssb Imamb P-\- n-\p-thn thZ- {]nb- s--h-bm-bn-o-cp-p. `qX-
Pmbm {]nbm `h-X ym--\ kvXp Imamb Pmbm -fpsS {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `qX- {]nb-s--h-cm-Ip-
{]nbm `h-Xn, \ hm Atc ]p{XmWmw Imamb n-. kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `qX- {]nb-s--
]p{Xmx {]nbm `h-y--\kvXp Imamb ]p{Xmx h-cm-bn-o-cp-p. Fmhcp-tSbpw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn
{]nbm `h-n, \ hm Atc hnky Imamb Fm-hcpw {]nb-s--h-cm-Ip-n-, kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-
hnw {]nbw `h-Xy--\kvXp Imamb hnw thn Fmhcpw {]nb-s--h-cm-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m
{]nbw `h-X n, \ hm Atc ]iq\mw Imamb Atbm ssat{Xbo! Bm-hp-Xs Zi-\o-b-hpw, {ih-
]izx {]nbm `h-ym--\kvXp Imamb ]ihx Wo-b -h pw, a\-\ o-b-h pw, [ym\-tbm-Ky-h p-am-I p-p. tl
{]nb `hn, \ hm Atc {_Wx Imamb ssat{Xbo! Xo-bmbpw B-Zi-\hpw, {ih-Whpw, a\-
{_{]nbw `h- X ym- -\ kv X p Imamb {_ \-hpw, hnm-\hpw Dm-bn--gn-m Ch-sb-m-n-
{]nbw `h-X n, \ hm Atc {Xky Imamb sbpw m\w Dm-Ip-p.
{Xw {]nbw `h-Xym--\kvXp Imamb {Xw 80. D]x {_Xw ]cm- ZmZv tbm -f \y{Xm- t\m
{]nb `hXn, \ hm Atc temIm\mw Imamb {_ thZ {X w X ] c m- Z mZv tbm - f
temImx {]nbm `h-y--\kvXp Imamb temImx \y{Xm\x {Xw thZ temImkv X w ]cm-
{]nb `hn, \ hm Atc tZhm\mw Imamb Zptc ym - f \ y{X m t\ m te mIm thZ
tZhmx {]nbm`h- y- -\kvX p Imamb tZhmx thZmkvXw ]cm-Zptcym f- \y{Xmt\m tZhm
{]nbm `h- n, \hm Atc thZm\mw Imamb thZ thZmkvX w ]cm-Zptcym -f \y{Xm- t\m
thZmx {]nbm `h-ym-\kvX Imamb thZmx thZm thZ `qXm\n Xw ]cmZp tcym f- \y{X-
{]nbm `hv , \ hm Atc `qXm\mw Imamb t\m thZm thZ `qXm\n Xw ]cm-Zptcym f-
`qXm\n {]nbmWn `hym- -\ kvX p Imamb \y{Xm- t\m `qXm\n thZ khXw ]cm-ZmZv
`qXm\n {]nbmWn `h-n, \ hm Atc kky tbm -f \y{Xm- \x kh thtZZw {_tZw
Imab k-{]nbw `hy-\ kvX p Imamb {X-anta temIm Cta tZhm CtathZm Cam\n
kh {]nbw `h-Xn. Bm hm Atc {Zhyx `qXm-\oZ Hmw kh bZ-b-am-m
t{imXthym athym \ nZn[ ym- k n- X thym
bmsXm-cp- {_m-W-Pm-Xnsb Bm-hn \npw
ssat{X- b m- \n JeztcZrt {iptX atX
`n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ {_m-W-PmXn ]cm-P-b-
hnmX CZ Hmw kh hnZnXw.
s-Sp-p-p. Bcv {Xn-bP - m-Xnsb Bm-hn\npw
Atlw ]d-p Atbm ssat{Xbo ]Xn-bpsS `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ {Xn-b-PmXn ]cm-P-b-
{]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn ]Xn {]nb-s--h-\m-Ip-n-, Xt- s- Sp-p-p. Bcv temIs Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn
Xmb {]tbm-P\ - -n-\p-thn ]Xn {]nb-s--h\
- m-bn-o-cp- Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ temIw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv
p, `mcy-bpsS {]tbm-P-\-n\p thn `mcy {]nb--cn-bm- tZh-X-Isf Bm-hn-\npw `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm,
Ip-n-, kz- amb {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn `mcy {]nb-s- Ahs\ tZh-X- I ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv thZ-sf
-h-fm-Ip-p, ]p{Xs {]tbm-P-\-n-\p- thn ]p{X {]nb- Bm-hn\npw `n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ thZ-
s--h\- m-Ip-n- , kzw {]tbm-P-\-n-\p-thn ]p{X ]cm-P-b -s - S p- p- p. Bcv `qX- sf Bm-
{]nb-s--h-\m-bn- o-cp-p, [\-ns {]tbm-P-\-n- \p- hn\np `n- ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ `qX- ]cm-

N P
 339

I P-b-s-Sp-p-p. Bcv Fm-h-tcbpw Bm-hn\npw tmI-fpw ({_m- - W-a-{w) kq{X- epw (ssh-Z- I K
o - h- kvXp-
`n-ambn Icp-Xp-p-thm, Ahs\ Fm-hcpw ]cm-P-b-s- kw-{K-l-hm-Iyw) kq{X--fpsS hymJym-\-hpw, a{-fpsS
Sp-p-p. Cu {_m-W-Pm-Xn, Cu {Xn-bP - m-Xn, Cu hymJym-\-hpw, b-fpw lh-\-hpw, Bin-X- hpw, ]mbn-
temIw, Cu tZh-m, Cu thZ-, Cu `qX-, Cu X-hpw, Cu temI-hpw, ]c-tem-Ih- pw, kq-`q-X- fpw
Fm-hcpw, IqSmsX as-s-m-ap-tm, Ah-sbmw Bm- Fmw CXns \nizm-k-X-s- bm-Ip-p.
hp- X-s-bm- Ip- p. 85. D] k bYm khm-km-a]m Hmw kap{Z GIm
81. D]x k bYm Zpp-t`l-\y-am-\ky \ _mlym b\-tah Hmw kthjm Hmw kv]im\mw XztK
RvO_vZm-RvO-Iv\ - p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb Zpp-t`kvXp Imb- \ - t ah Hmw k thj mw K m\ mw
{KltW\ Zpp- ` ym- L m- X ky hm i_v t Zm \mkntI GIm-b -\ -tah Hmw kthjmw Hmw
KrloXx ckm\mw Pnsslz Imb-\-tah Hmw kthjm
Hmw c q] mW mw N p- t c - I m- b - \ - t ah Hmw
Hcp Zpp-`n-bpsS ta hSn apX-em-b-h-sImv BLm-X-
kthjm Hmw i_vZm\m Hmw t{im{X-ta-Im-b-
tan--s-Sp-p, B Zpp-`n-bpsS _mly-i-_vZ-sf
\-tah Hmw kthjm Hmw k-e v]m\mw a\
Bpw Hcp hn[-nepw {Kln-p-hm km[n-p-n-, GIm-b-\ -tah Hmw khmkmw hnZym\m Hmw
Fm Zpp-`n-tbtbm AYhm AXns BLm- X-ttbm lrZ-bta Imb-\-tah Hmw kthjm I-aWm
{Kln-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn AXns i_vZhpw {Kln--s--Xm- Hmw lkvXm-ta-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kth-jm-am-\-
bn- o-cp-p. mk-ap] GIm-b -\ -tah Hmw kthjmw
82. D]x k bYm iMv J ky [v a mb- a m- \ ky \ hnkKmWmw ]mbp-tc-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kth-
_mlym-RvO-_vZm-RvO-Iv\p-bmZv {Kl-Wmb iMv jm-a-[z\mw ]mZm-th-Im-b-\-tah Hmw kthjmw
Jky Xp {Kl-tW\ iMvJ-[vaky hm i_vtZm thZm\mw hmtK-Im-b\w
Krlo-X. kap{Zw Fns\ Fm Pe-pw Ab\w ({]-f-b-
hmbnh-q-Xp iwJns i_vZw {Kln-pXn m-\w) BIptm AXp- t]mse Fm kv]i-\-pw
Bcpw ka-cm- Ip-n-, Fm iwJns DuX {Kln- sXmen Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm K-pw cp
p--tXm-Sp-IqSn AXns i_vZhpw {Kln- -s--Xm-bn-o- \mknI Hcp Ab- \-am- Ip-p, Fm ck-pw Pnlz Hcp
cp-p. Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm cq]-pw Npv Hcp Ab-\-
am-Ip-p, Fm i_vZ-pw t{im{Xw Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-
83. D]x k bYm hoWmssb hmZy-am-\ mssb \ p, Fm k-ev] - pw a\v Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p,
hmZym-R v O - _ v Zm- R vO - p- \ p- b mZv {Kl- W mb Fm hnZy-Ipw lrZbw Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, kakvX
hoWm ssb Xp {Kl-tW\ hoWm-hm-Zky hm I-pw ssI Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm B\--
i_vtZm KrloXx pw D]w Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p, Fm hnk-
hmbn- - s- Sp hoW-bpsS, _mly-i-_vZs {Kln- p- pw KpZw Hcp Ab- \- am-Ip-p, ka- kvX- am-pw
-Xn Bcpw ka-cm-Ip-n-, Fm hoWtbm cp Nc-W Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p. CXp-t]mse Xs
AXnsc hmbn--en-t\tbm {Kln-pXnt\m-Sp-IqSn B Fm thZ-pw hmv Hcp Ab-\-am-Ip-p.
i_vZhpw Krlo-X-am-bn-o-cp-p. 86. D] k bYm ssk-h -[ t\m -f \tcm -f
84. D]-k bYm -ff ss{Z[m-t-c-`ym-ln-Xky ]rY _mlyx Irvt\m-c-k[ - \ Gssh-hw hm Atc
Kv [ qam hn\n- - c - t yhw hm Atc - f ky -f bam-\-tcm f- _mlyx Irv\x {]m-
altXm `qXky \niz-k n-X -ta-X Zv bZr-tKztZm \- [ \ Gssh- t Xt`ym `qtX`yx kap- mb
bPqthZx kma-thtZm -f [hm-MvK n-ck CXn- Xmt\y-hm\p hn\-iyXn \ t{]Xy kwm-kvXo-
lmkx ]pcmWw hnZym D]-\ n-j Zx tmImx Xytc {_ho aoXn tlmhmN bm-hevIyx
kq{XmWy\phym-Jym-\m\n hymJym-\m-\n Hmw F{]- Imcw Dns Hcp IjWw _mlym- - c-t`- Z-an- msX
lpX- a minXw ]mbn-X - a bw N temIx ]c ck- k-q-am- bn-cn-p-p-thm, tl ssat{X-bn, A{]-Imcw
temIx khmWn N `qXm-\ y-ssky-ssh-X m\n Xs Cu Bmhp _mlym-- c-t`-Z-c-ln-X-ambn kq-
khmWn \niz-kn-Xm\n amb {]m-[-\-tm-Sp-IqSn \ne-\np-p. CXv Cu `qX-
\\-p-Ip-Xn hndIp Ipp--Xn\npw {]tXy- -tfm-Sq-IqSn Dn-X-am-Ip-Ibpw Ah-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xs \in-
I- a mb coXn-b n- e p [qaw Db- c p- -X p- t]mse tl p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-Imcw ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn AXv
ssat{Xbo! Cu EtKz-Z-hpw, kma-th-Z-hpw,AYh-th- Z-hpw, \mam-h- ti-j-am-bn-o-cp-p. tl ssat{Xbo! Rm-\n- {]-Imcw
CXn-lm-k-hpw, ]pcm-Wh - pw, hnZy-bpw, D]-\n-j-p--fpw, ]d-bp-p. Cns\ bm-h-evIy ]d-p.

N P

I 87. D] km tlmhmN ssat{X--ss{Xh am `K
hm tamlm- - a m- ] o- ] n- b hm Al- a naw
hnPm\m-aoXn k tlmhmN \ hm Atc f- lw
tamlw {_ho- a y- h n- \ mio hm Atc - f bam-
m\pOnn-[ am
ssat{Xbn ]dp {ioam Av Fs C-hn-sS-Xs
taml-n ]Xn-n-n-cn-p-p. CXn hnti-j-hn-[n-bmbn
F\n-smpw Xs a\-kn-em-bn-n-. Atlw ]dp:
Atbm ssat{Xbo ! Rm taml- k w- _ - - a mbn
bmsXmpw Xs ]d-n-n-. Cu Bmhv \nbambpw
Ahn-\m-in-bpw, A\p-tO-Z-cq-]-tm- Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-Ip-p.
88. D] b{X ln ssZzX-anh `hXn XZn-Xc CXcw
]iyXn XZn-Xc CXcw Pn{LXn XZn-X c CXc
Hmx ckbtX XZn-Xc CX-c-a-`n-h-ZXn XZn-Xc CXc
Hmw irtWmXn XZn-Xc CXcw a\ptX XZnXc
CXc Hmw kv]riXn XZn-Xc CXcw hnPm\mXn
b{X Xzky kh-am-ssXvahm-`qXv XXv tI\ Iw
]tiyXv XXv tI\ Iw Pnt{LXv XXv tI\ \
Hmw ck-tbXv XXv tI\ Ia-`n-h-tZXv XXv tI\
I Hmw irWp-bmXv XXv tI\ Iw a\zoX XXv
tI\ I Hmw kv]rtiyXv XXv tI\ Iw hnPm- -\o-
bmXv tbt\Z Hmw kh hn Pm\mXn Xw tI\
hnPm-\o-bmXv k Gj t\Xn t\Xym-m-Krtlym
\ ln KrlytX - f iotcym \ ln iocytX -f
kMvtKm \ ln kPytX -f kntXm \ hyYtX
\ cnjyXn hnm-Xm-c-atc tI\ hnPm-\o-bm-Zn-
Xyp- m- \ p- i m- k - \ mkn ssat{XtXmh- Z tc
Jevh ar-X -X z-a nXn tlmzm bmhevtIym
hnP-lmc
FhnsS (A-hn-Zym-h- m-\-n) ssZzX-ap-m-bn-cn-p-
p-thm, AhnsS A\yw A\ys Zin-p-p. A\yw
A\ys izkn-p-p, A\yw A\ys Bkz-Zn-p-p,
A\yw A\ys A`n- hm-Z\w sNp-p, A\yw A\ys
{ihn-p-p, A\yw A\ys a\\w sNp-p. A\yw
A\ys kv]in-p-p, A\yw A\ys hnti-j-hn-
[n-bmbn {Kln-p-p. Fm FhnsS CXn- \p- thn Fm
Bm-fpw Bbn-o-cp-p-thm, AhnsS GXnqSn
GXns\ Zinpw? FnqSn Fns\ izknpw?
FnqSn Fns ckw Bkz-Znpw? FnqSn
Fns\ Bkz-Znpw? FnqSn Fns\ {ihnpw?
BcnqSn Bsc A`n-hm-Z\w sNpw? FnqSn
F ns\ a\\w sNpw? F n qSn F ns\
kv]inpw? BcnqSn Bsc Adnbpw? bmsXm-p-h-
gn-bmbn ]pcp-j Ch-sbmw Adn-bp-p-thm, AXns\
GXp km[-\-bm Adn-bpw? t\Xn-t\Xn C{]-Imcw \nt-
in--s-Sp Bmhv AKr-ly-am-Ip-p- -A-X-dn-b-s-Sp-
n; Aio-cy-am-Ip-p--A-Xn\p hn\miw kw`-hn-p-n;
Akw-K-am- Ip-p--A-Xm-k--am-Ip-n; A_--am-Ip-p--
N P
340
AXv hyYn-X-hpw, oWn-X-hp-am-Ip-n- , tl ssat{Xbo! K
hnm-Xm-hns\ GXp am-nqSn {Kln-m Ign-
bp-Xv? C{]-Imcw \n\-p-]-tZiw \I-s-n-cn-p-p.
ssat{Xbn! a\-n-emq; Aar-XXzw C{Xbpw am{Xta Dq.
C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv bm-h-eI v y ]cn-{h-PI (k-
\ym-kn) \mbn-op.
Bdmw {_mWw
89. D]x AY h Hmwix ]uXn-amtjym Ku]-h-\mZv
Km]-h\x ]uXn-am-jymXv ]uXn-amtjym Ku]
h\mZv Ku]-h\x Iuin-ImXv IuinIx Iun
\yXv Iu n\ yx im n- e ym- O m- ne yx
IuinI KuX-am KuXax.
C\v bm-h-evIy-Im- ns hwi- ]- c- c ]d-bp- p-
-]u-Xn-am-jy Ku]-h\
- -\n\n-pw, Ku]-h-\ ]uXn-am-
jy-\n\n-pw, ]uXn-am-jy Ku]-h-\-\n\n-pw, Ku]-
h-\ Iuin-I-\n\n-pw, Iuin-I Iun-\y-\n\n-
pw, Iun-\y imn-ey-\n\n- pw, imn-ey
Iuin-I-\n\n-pw, KuX-a KuX-a-\n\npw
90. D]: An- t h- i ym- Z m- n- t htiym KmKymZv
KmtKym KmKymZv KmtKym KuX-amZv KuXax
sskX- h mXv sskXhx ]mcm- i - c ym- b - W mXv
]mcmi-cym-btWm KmKym-b-WmZv KmKym-bW
D m- e - I m- b - \ m- Z p- m- e - I m- b t\m Pmhm- e m- b -
\mmhmem-bt\m am[y- n-\ m-b-\m- -[y-n-\m-
b\x kuI-c m-b-WmXv kuI-cm-bWx Imjm-b-
WmXv Imjm-bWx kmb-Im-b-\mXv kmb-Im-b\x
IuinIm-bt\; Iuin-Im-b\nx
(Ku-X-a) An-th-i y-\n\n-pw, An-th-iy
KuKy-\n-e-\n-pw, KmKy KuX-a-\n\n-pw, KuX-a
sskX-h-\n\n-pw, sskX-h ]mcm-i-cy-b-W-\n\n-
pw, ]mcm-i-cy-b-W KZmKym-b-W-\n\n-pw, KmKym-
b-W Dm-e-Im-b- \n\n-pw, Dm- e-Im- b-\ Pm_m-em-b-\-
\n\n- pw, Pm_m- em- b- \ am[y- n- \m-b-\- \n\n- pw, am[y-
n-\m-b-\ kuI-cm-b-W-\n\n-pw, kuI-cm-b-W
Imjm-b-W-\n\n-pw, Imjm-b-W kmb-Im-b-\-\n\n-
pw, kmb-Im-b-\ Iuin-Im-b-\n\n-pw, Iuin-Im- b-\. n
91. D] LrX-Iu-in-ImZv LrX-Iu-inIx ]mcm-icym
bW mX v ] mc m- i - c ym- b W x ] mc m- i - c ymX v
]cmitcym PmXq-IWym-m-Xq-IWy Bkp-
cm-b-W m bmkvIm- m-kp-cm-b-W -kvss{X-h-tW-
kvs s{X-h-Wn-c u-] Pt\-c u-]-P- -\ n-cm-k p-tc-
cm- k p- c o`m- c - Z zm- P mZv `mcZzmP Bt{X- b m- Z m-
t{Xtbm amtam-n KuX-amZv KuXtam KuX-
am-Zv KuXtam hmXvkymZv hmyx imn-eym-
O m- ne yx s s Iti m- c ymX v ImW ymX v
ssItimcyx ImWywx Ipam-c-lm-cn-XmXv Ipam-c-
 341

I lm-cntXm Kme-hmZvKmethm hnZ`n-Iu-n-\ymZv K

CXv (]-c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. AXv (tkm-]m-[n-I-amb
hnZ`n-Iunt\ym h-\-]mtXm _m{`-hmZv {_-hpw) ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu (Im-cym--I-amb ]q-X(-
h-\ -]mZv {_m`qhx ]Yx ku`-cmXv ]mw Im-c-Wm-- I-am-b) ]q-X- bn\n-p-Xs D-hn-p-p.
tkm`tcm f- bmkym-Z-MvK n-c-km-Z-bmky AMv Kn- Cu ]q-Xz-ns ]qX (A-hn-Zym-Ir-X-amb A\y-Xzm-
ck B`qtXkvXzm-m-Zm-`q-Xn-kvXzmtm hniz-cq- `m-kw) amn--g- m ]q-X- Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
]mXv Xzm mZv hniz-cq-]-kvXz-m-izn-`ym-aizn\u
2. D] Hmw Jw {_ Jw ]pcmWw hmbpcw JanXn
Z[oN BYh- W mZv Z[yMv M mYhtWm - f
l kvaml Iuc-hym-b-Wo-]pt{Xm thtZm -f bw
YhtWm ssZhm-Z - Y hm ssZthm artXymx
{_Wm hnZpth-ssZ-t\\ bZv thZnXhyw
{] m[ z- H mw - k \ r X ypx {] m[ z- H mw - k \ x
{]m[zxHmwk-\mXv {]m[z Hmwk\ GItj-tc- BImiw {_-amb HmwIm-c-am- Ip-p. BImiw (C- hnsS
Ijn-{]-N n-thn-{]Nn nthy-thynx PUw Dm-bn-cn-p-n- ) k\m-X-\( ]c-am-m-hv)amIp-p.
k\mtcmx k\mcpx k\m X\mXv k\m-X\x k\- AXn hmbp hkn-pp; B BImiw Xs Jw (Hcp
KmX k\Kx ]c-tajvTn\x ]c-tajvTn {_tWm a{w) BIp-p. C{]-Imcw Iuc-hym-b-Wo-]p-{X ]d-n-
{_ kzbw`q {_tW \ax. cn-p-p. CXv HmwIm-c-amb thZ-am-Ip-p--C-{]-Imcw {_m-
W a\-n-em-p-p. Fp-sIm-s-m bmsXmv
LrX-Iu-in-I-\n\n-pw, LrX-Iu-in-I ]mcm-im-cym-
m\-hy-am-bn-c n-p-pthm AXn \npw CXns
b-W-\n\n-pw, ]mcm- im-cym-b-W ]mcm-i-cy-bn\n-pw,
m\w Dm-Ip-p.
]mcm-icy PmXq-IWy-bn\n-pw, PmXq-IWy Bkp-cm-
b-W-\n\n-pw, Bkp-c m-b -W bmkvI-\n\n-pw,
Bkp-cm-b-W ss{Xhn-bn\n-pw, ss{Xhn Hu]- cmw {_Ww
P-n-\n-bn\n-pw, Hu]-P-n\n Bkq-cn-bn\n-pw,
Bkqcn `mc-Zzm-P-\n\n-pw, `mc-Zzm-P At{X-b\ - n\n- 3. D] {Xbmx {]mP-] Xymx {]Pm- ] Xu ]nXcn
pw, At{X-b amn-bn\n-pw, amn KuX-a-\n\n- {_-Nb-`q-jptZhm a\pjzm Akpcm Djn Xzm
pw, KuX-a KuX-a-\n\n- pw, KuX-a hmym-\n\n- {_-Nb tZhm DuNp{_-hoXp t\m `hm-\ nXn
pw, hmym imn-e y-\ n\n-pw, imn-e y tXt`ym sslX-Z--c-ap-hmN Z CXn hymm-knm
ssItim-cy-Im-]y-bn\n-pw, ssItim-c-Im]y Ipam-c-lm-cn- CXn hymm-k n-j vtaXn tlmNpZm-a y-tXXn \
X-\n\n-pw, Ipam-c-lm-cn-X Kme-h-\n\n-pw, Kme-h Bt-tXym-anXn tlm hmN hymm-kn-t-Xn.
hnZ`o-Iu-n-\y-\n\n-pw, hnZ_o-Iu-n-\y h- tZh-m, a\p-jy, Akp-c, {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS Cu ]p{X-
\-]m-Z-_m-`q-h\ - n\n-pw, h-\-]m-Z-_m-`q-h ]m-ku- m ]nXm-hmb {]Pm-]-Xn-bpsS ASp- {_-Ncy A\p-
`-c-\n\n-pw, ]m-ku-`-c AbmkyAwKn-c-n\n- jvTn-p. {_-N-cym-{hXw Ign--tm tZh-m ]d-p
pw, Bbmky AwKo-cv B`q-Xn-Xz--\n\n-pw, B`q- Av Rp-]-tZiw \In-bmepw {]Pm- ]Xn Ah-tcmSv
Xn-Xz- hniz-cq-]-Xz--\n\npw hniz-cq-]-Xz- Ain- Z F Acw ]d-p-sImv tNmZnp a\-nemtbm?
hn-\n-Ip-am-c-m-cn\n-pw, Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m Z[y-m- AXn-\-h adp-]Sn ]d-p a\-n-em-bn, Av R-tfmSv
YhW\n\n-pw, Z[y-m-YhW AYhm-tZ-h- Za\w sNp FmWv ]d-Xv Atm {]Pm-]-Xn, icn
\n\n-pw, AYhm-tZ-h arXyp-{]m-[zw-k-\-\n\n-pw, \n {Kln-n-cn-pp Fp ]d-R-A-Rp.
arXyp-{]m-[zw-k-\ {]m[zw-k-\ -n\npw, {]m[zw-k
GIjn-bn\n-pw, GIjn hn{]-Nn-n-bn\n- pw,
4. D] AY ssl\w a\pjym DuNp{_-h oXp
hn{]-Nnn Xymn-bn\n-pw, Xvb v n k\m-cp-hn\n-pw,
t\m `hm-\nXn tXt`ym sslX-tZ-hm--c-ap-hmN
k\mcp k\m-X- \- \n\n-pw, k\m-X-\ k\- K-\n\n- pw,
Z CXn hy-knm CXn hy-k n-jvtaXn
k\-K ]c-ta-n-bn\n-pw, ]c-tan {_m-hn\npw
tlmNpZ-tXn \ Bt-t Xym-anXn tlmhm
Cu hnZy {]m]n-p. {_mhv kzbw-`q-hm-Ip-p, {_m-
NX hym-kn-tXn
hns\ \a-kI v -cn-p-p. A\-cw {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv a\p-jy ]dp: Av
Rp-]-tZiw \In-bmepw Ah-tcmSv {]Pm-]Xn Z
F Acw Xs ]d-p-sImv tNmZnp Fm a\-
Am- a-ymbw n-emtbm? a\p-jy adp-]Sn ]d-p Av R-tfmSv
Hmw {_mWw Zm\w sNp-hm ]d-n-cn-p-p. icn \n a\-n-em-
n-bn-cn-pp Fv {]Pm-]Xn ]d-p.
1. D]- Hmw ]qW- a Zx ]qW- a nZw ]qWmXv
]qW- a p- Z - N y- t X, ]qWky ]qW- a m- Z mb 5. D] AY ssl\-a-kpcm DuNp{_-hoXp t\m
]qW-tahm hinjytX. `hm-\nXn tXt`ym sslX-tZ-hm- -c -ap-hmN Z

N P
 342

I CXn hy m- k nm CXn hy mkntjy Ah AkXv (A- `m- h-`q-Xw) Bbn ]cn- W-an-p-p. bmsXm- K
XntlmNpZ- b [z- a nXn \ Bt- t Xym- a nXn cp- Cu al-mb b-s\, (]q-Pv\o-b) {]Y-a-ambn
tlmhmN hym-kn-tXn XtZ-X -tZ-s shjm D-hn--hs\ kXy-{_-s C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-p-p-
ssZho hmK-\-h-ZXn kvX\-bn-Xv\pZ Z Z CXn thm, Ah\v D]-tcm- -- fmb ^e- e`y- am- Ip-p. Fp-
ZmayX Z Zb- [ z- a nXn XtZ- X Xv {XbHmw sIm-s- m {_w kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
intaw Zm\w Zbm-an-Xn.
]noSv Akp-c-m {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv ]d-p Av Amw {_mWw
Rp-]-tZiw \In-bm-epw. Ah-tcmSpw Z F
Acw ]d- p-sImv {]Pm-]Xn tNmZnp a\-n-emtbm? 8. D]x B] Gth-Z-a{K Bkq-cXm B]x kXya
Fv. Rp a\n-embn Ah ]d-p, Ap R- krP kXyw {_ {]P-m]Xnw {]Pm-] -Xn
tfmSp Zb-hp-h-cm-Ip-hm ]d-n-cn-p-p. Atm tZhHmw kvtX tZhm kXy-tathm ]mktX XtZ
{]Pm- ]Xn \n {Kln-n-cn-p-p Fv ]d- p. B {]Pm- XXv {Xy-c -Hmw-k -Xy-anXn k CtXy-I -a-cw
]XnbpsS A\p-i m-k -\ s taL-K -\ -c q-] n-b mb XotXy-I-a--cw ban-tXy-I-a-cw {]Y-tam-ta
hmKvtZhn Cp Z Z Z Fv ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-sm-n-cn- Atc kXyw a[ytXm -f \rXw XtZ-X-Z-\r-X-
p-p. AXm-bXv Za\w sNq, Zm\w sNq, Zb sNq ap` bXx ktXy\ ]cn-Kr-l oX Hmw kXy-` q-b-
Fv. AXn-\m Zam, Zm\w, Zb Cu aqpw A`y-kn-p- tah `hXn ss\hw hnZzm Hmw ka-\ rX Hmw
hn. ln\-k vX n.
Cu hy-amb PKv BZyw Pew-Xs Bbn-cp-p.
B Pew kXys krn-p. AXn-\m kXyw {_-am-
aqmw {_mWw Ip-p. {_w {]Pm-]Xn-tb-bpw, {]Pm-]Xn tZh-It- fbpw
6. D]x Gj {]Pm-]-XnbZv lrZ-b-ta-XZv {_ss krn-p. B tZh-KWw kXy-s-Xs D]m-kn-p-p.
XXv kh XtZ-XXv {Xy-c-Hmw-lr-Zb - -anXn lr Cu kXyw aq--c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. "k' Hc--cw,
CtXy-I-a--c-a-`n-l-cykvssa kzmmt\y Nb "Xo' Hc--cw, "bw' CXv Hc-wcw Ch- bn {]Y- ahpw An-
Ghw thZ Z CtXy-I-a-cw ZZ-Xykvssa kzm a-hp-amb A-c- kXyhpw a[y-n-teXv A\r-X-hp-am-
t\y N b Ghw thZ ban-tXy-I-a--c-taXn Ip-p. AXv, Cu A\rXw cp `mK-p-\npw kXy-
kzK temIw b Ghw thZ m ]cn-Kr-lo-X- am-Ip-p. AXn-\m CXv kXy-_- lpew
Xs-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--hs\ A\r-Xw(-A-k-
bmsXmv lrZ-b- am-Ip- p-thm, AXv {]Pm- ]-Xn- bm-Ip- p. Xyw)-sIm- p-n-.
CXp {_-am-Ip-p, CXv k-hp-am-Ip-p. Cu lrZbw
aq--c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \ma-am-Ip-p. lr CXv Hc- -cw. 9. D] XZv bXv kXy-aku k BZntXym b
bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah-\p- Gj GX-kvan ate ]pcptjm bmbw
thn kz P\--fpw, ap P\-fpw _en-ka - n-p-p. ZntW -f ]pcp-j-kvXm-th-Xm-h-t\ym\y
Z CXv Hc-- cw. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {Kln-p- pthm kv a n {]Xn- j v T nXu civ a n- ` n- t c- t jm- k v a n
Ah\v kz P\-epw ap--hcpw _en kan-p-p. bw {]Xnjv T nx {]mssW- c - b - a p- j v a n k btZm-
CXv aqm-as A-c-am-Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]- Imcw Xv { Ianjy `hXn ip- t a- s sh- X - - ew
{Kln-p-p-thm, Ah kz-tem-I-n-tep t]mIp- p. ]iyXn ss\\-tatX civabx {]Xym-bn
bmsXmp kXy-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXv Cu BZn-Xy-
\m-Ip-p. bmsXm-v Cu BZn-Xy-a--e - n ]pcp-j-\m-
\memw {_mWw bn-cn-p-p-thm, bmsXmv Zn-W-t\-{X- n ]pcp-j-\m-
7. D]x XZv ssh XtZ-X-tZh XZmk kXy-tah k bn-cn-p-p-thm, Ah Cu cp ]cp-j - mcpw Hv a-sm-
tbm sslXw alZv bw {]Y-aPw thZkXyw n {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip-p. BZn-Xy civan-I hgn-bmbn
{_tXn Pb-Xo-amw-tm-Im-RvPnX Czm-km-hZy Nmpj-]p-cp-j-\n {]Xn-jvT n-X -\pw,-Nm- p-j-]p-cp-j
Gh- ta-X - -l Zv bw {]Y-aPw thZ kXyw {]mWh-gn-bmbn AXn {]Xn-jvTn-X\pw BIp-Ibpw
{_tXn kXy Hmw tlyh-{_ sNp-p. bmsXmcp kabw Ch (Nm-p-j] - p-cp-j)
DXv{I- aWw sNp- hm XpS- p- pthm Atm Ah Cu
bmsXmv kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p-thm, B lrZ-b-amb
a-es ip-am-bn-Xs hon-p-p. ]noSv Cu
{_w-Xs kXy-am-Ip-p. Bcv Cu al-mb (]q-Py)
civan-I Chs ASp--tev Xncn-p-h-cp-n-.
b-s\, {]Y-a-ambn D-hn--hs\ CXp kXy-{_--am-
Ipp Fv a\-n-em-p-p-t]m, Ah Cu temI-sf 10. D] b Gj GX- k v a n ate ]pcp- j -
Iog-S-p-p. Ahs i{Xp- Ah-\-[o-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. kvXky `qcnXn inc GIHmw inc GI-ta-X-Z-
N P

I cw `ph CXn _mlq Zzu _mlq tZz GtX
Atc kzcnXn {]XnjvTm tZz {]XnjvtT tZz
GtX A tc Xtkym-]-\ n-j -Z-l-cnXn ln
]m]vam\w PlmXn N b Ghw thZ
Cu a-e-n bmsXm-cp- Cu ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cn-
p-p-thm, Ahs `q Cu icn-m-Ipp; incv GI-am-
Ipp; Cu A-chpw GI-am-Ip-p. `qh CXv `qP-am-Ip-
p, `qP- cm-Ipp Cu A-c-epw cm-Ip-p.
kzx CXv {]XnjvT (N-cW- w)-bm-Ip-p. {]XnjvT (N-cW
- w)
cm-Ip-p, Cu A-c-fpw cm-Ip-p. Alc CX-
hs D]-\n-jm (Kq-V-\m- aw) Ipp. bmsXm-cp- C{]-
Imcw a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah ]m]s sImp-I-bpw,
AXns\ XyPn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
11. D] tbm -f bw ZntW - f ]pcp- j -
kvXky `qcnXn inc GIHmw inc GI-ta-X-Z-
cw `ph CXn _mlq Zzu _mlq tZz GtX
Atc kzcnXn {]XnjvTm tZz {]Xn-jvtT tZz
GtX Atc Xtkym-] -\ n-j -Z-l -anXn ln
]m]vam\w PlmXn N b Ghw thZ.
bmsXm-cp- Cu Zn- W-t\-{X-ns ]pcp-j-\m-bn-
o-cp-p-thm, Ahs `qx Cu inc-m-Ip-p, incv GI-
am-Ipp Cu A-chpw GI-am-Ip-p. `qhx CXv `pP-am-
Ip-p. `pP- cm-Ip-p, Cu A-c-epw cm-Ip-
p. kz CXv {]Xn-jvT-bm-Ip-p, {]XnjvT (N-c-Ww) cm-
Ip-p, Cu A-c-fp cm-Ip-p. Alw CXv Ahs
D]-\n-j-m(-Kq-V-\m-aw)-Ipp; bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw
a\-n-em-p-p-thm, Ah ]m]s \in-n-p-p.
AXns\ Dt]-n-p-p.
Bdmw {_mWw
12. D] at\m- a tbm - f bw ]pcptjm `mxkXy-
kvXkvanlr-Ztb bYm {holnhm bthm
hm k Gj kh-tky-im\x kh-kym-[n-]Xnx
kh anZw {]imkvXn bZnZw In
bmsXm-cp- s kXyw (kz-cq-]w) {]Imcw Xs- bm- bm-
Ip-p-thm, An-s\-bp Cu ]pcp-j at\m-a-b-\m-Ip-
p. Ah B Alr-Z-b-n [m\ytambhtam BIp-
p, A{X henb Af-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-p. Ah Fm-
n-tbpw A[n-]-Xn-bpw, kzman-bp-am-Ip-p, AXp-t]m-se- 16. D] bZm ssh ]pcptjm -f kvamtm-ImXv t{]
Xs Fs-m-aptm Ah-sb-m-n- t\-bpw Dj-
tm-Sp-IqSn `cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Ggmw {_mWw
13. D] hnZypZv {_t-X ym-l phn-Zm-\mZv hnZypZv
hnZy-tXy\w ]m]va t\m b Ghw thZ hnZypZv
{_tXn hnZypZvt`y h {_
N P
343
K
hnZypXv {_-am-Ipp Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. hnZm\w (J-
-\tam hn\m-i-tam) \S-p-Xp ImcWw hnZyp-m-bn-
cn-p-p. bmsXm-cp-h hnZypv {_-am-Ipp Fv a\-
n-em-p-p-thm, Ah Cu Bm-hns {]Xn-Iq-e`- q-X-
amb ]m]-sf \in-n-p-p, Fp-sIm-s-m hnZyp-
p-Xs {_-am-Ip-p.
Fmw {_mWw
14. D] hmNw t[\p- a p-j m- k oX Xky- - X zmcx
kvX\mx kzmlm-Imtcm hj-SvImtcm l-Imcx
kz[m-Im-c-kvXssky Zzu kvX\u tZhm D]-Po-
hn kzmlm-Imcw N hj-SvImcw N l-Imcw
a\p jymx kz[m-Imcw ]nX-c-k vXkym {]mW
Ejt`m at\m hx
hmIvcq-]-amb t[\p-hns\ D]m-kn--s. AXn\v kzmlm-
Imcw hj-SvImcw l- Im- cw, kzm[m-Imcw Fn-s\ \mep
kvX\-fp-v. AXns cp kvX\--fmb kzmlm-Im-c-
n-tbpw hj-SvIm-c-n-tbpw D]-Po-hn-I tZh-K-W--
fm-Ip-p. l-Im-c-ns D]-Po-hn- a\p-jy-cpw, kzm[m-Im-
c- ns ]nXr- -fp-am-Ip- p. B t[\p-hns {]mW hrj-
`-hpw, a\v hhpw BIp-p.
H]Xmw {_mWw
15. D] Ab-a- nssh-i zm-\ tcm tbm -f bax
]pcptj tbt\-Z-aw ]NytX bZn-Z-a-ZytX X
sskyj tLmtjm `hXn bta-XXv IWmh
hn[mb irtWmXn k btZm-Xv{I-an-jy `h-Xn
ss\\w tLmj Hmw irtWm-Xn.
bmsXmv Cu ]pcp-js Dn nX-sN-p-pthm
AXv sshizm-\-cm-n- bm- Ip-p. Xaqew Ch Aw `n-
p-I-bpw, ]mI-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu Dd i_vZw
AXn-t-Xm-Ip-p. AXns\ ]pcp-j sNhn-b-Sp {ihn-p-
p. ]pcp-j DXv{I-aWw sNp ka-bv Cu tLmjw
{ihn-- s-Sp-n-.
]mw {_mWw
Xn k hmbp-am-K-OXn Xkvssa k X{X hnPn
lotX XYm cY-N-{Iky Jw tX\ k Du[z
B{IatX k BZn- X y-a m-\ -O Xn Xkvs sa k
X{X hnPn-lotX bYm eav_-cky J tX\ k
Du[z B{I-atX k N{-a-k-am-K-OXn Xkvssa
kX{X hnPn-lotX bYm Zppt`x Jw tX\ k
Du[z B{I-atX k temI-am-K-O -X y-tim-I -a-
lnaw Xkvan hkXn imizXo; kamx.

I Cu ]pcp-j Cu temI-n\npw acn-p-t]m-Ip
kabw AXv hmbp-hns\ {]m]n-pp. AhnsS B hmbp
Ah-\p-thn On{Z-bp-Ia v m-bn-o-cp-p--h-gn-am-dn-sm-Sp-p-
p. AXv F-s\-sb-m cY-N-{I--fpsS Zzmcw-t]m-se-
X-s-bm-Ip-p. AXp-hg- n-bmbn Ah apI-fn-te-bvp-b-
cp- p. Ah kqcytem-I -n Fp-p. AhnsS
kqcy Ah-\mbn apt]m-se-bp On{Z-cp-]-amb amw
\Ip-p. AXv ew_cw F hmZy-ns Zzmcw-t]m-se-
bp-- Xm-Ip-p. AXnqSn Ah Du[z-`m-K-t-bvp-
b-cp-p. Ah N{-tem-I-n-se-p-p. AhnsS N{\pw
Ah-\p-thn On{Z-bp--amb amw \Ip-p. AXv
GXmv Zpp-`n-bpsS Zzmcw-t]m-ep-X - m-Ip-p. AXp-h-gn-
bmbn Ah apI-fn-tebvp Ib-dp-p. Ah timI-c-
ln-X-\mb imco-cnI ZpxJc-ln-X-amb temI-n Fp-
Ibpw AhnsS \nXy-ambn B\-h - j-- hsc, AXm-
bXv At\Iw {_-I- hsc hkn-p-p.
]Xn-s\mmw {_mWw
17. D]x GXZv ssh ]caw Xt]m b{Z hymln-XkvX
]ytX ]ca Hmw sslh temIw PbXn b Ghw
thssZ-XZv ssh ]caw Xt]m bw t{]X-a-cWy
Hmw lcn ]c-a-Hmw-sslh temIw PbXn b
G hw ths sZ- X Zv s sh ]c aw X t] m bw
t{]Xamh-`ym-Z-aXn ]ca Hmw sslh temIw
PbXn b Ghw thZ.
hym[n-{K-kvX\ - mb ]pcp-j\v bmsXmcp Xm]w Dm-Ip-
p-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw ]c-a-amb X]-am-Ipp; Bcv
C{]-Imcw a\-n-em- p-p-thm, Ah ]c-a-tem- Is Iog-
S-pp. arX-]p-cp-js\ Bcv h\-n-tebvp sImp-t]m-
Ip-p-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw ]c-a-X-]a- m-Ip-p. bmsXm-
cp- C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah ]c-tem-I-s-
Xs Pbn-p-p. acn a\p-jys\ GsXmw {]I-c-n
Hcp- An-bn hbvp-p-thm, AXv \n-b-ambpw
]c-a-X-]-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw {Kln-p-hs ]c-a-tem-
Is Xs hnP-bn-p-p.
]{mw {_mWw
18. D]x Aw {_- t XyI Alp- k v X XYm
]qbXn hm A-artX {]mWmXv {]mtWm {_
tXyI Blp- k v X XYm ipjyXn ssh
{]mW EtX f- mtZtX l tXzh tZhtX GI-
[m-`qbw `qXzm ]c-aXmw KO-X-kvX kvaml
{]mXrZx ]n Xcw In Hmw kzntZ-sshhw hnZptj
km[p Ipbm Ita-h mkvam Akm[p Ipbm-
anXn k l kvaml ]mWn\m am {]mXrZ IkvtXz-
\-tbm-tc-I -[ m-` qbw `qXm ]c-aXmw KO-X oXn
Xkvam D sslX-Zp-hmN hoXyw ssh hyt
N P
344
loam\n khmWn `qXm \n hnm\n canXn K
{]mtWm ssh cw {]mtW loam\n khmWn
`qXm\n cat khmWn l hm Akv an
`qXm\n hnin khmWn `qXm \n cat b
Ghw thZ
Aw {_-am-sWv Nne ]d-bp-p, Fm AXp
icn-b; Fp-sIm-s- m {]mW\n-s-n Aw Agp-
In-tm-Ip-p. {]mW {_-am-Ipp Fv Nne ]d-bp-
p, Fm AXpw icn-b-, Fp-sIm-s-m A-
an-s- n {]mW ipjvIn-p- t]m- Ip-p. Fm Cu cp
tZh-Ifpw GI-cq-]s {]m]nv ]c-a-`m-h - n-se-p-p.
C{]-Imcw \n-bnp sImv {]mXr-Z-a-ljn Xs ]nXm-
hn-t\mSv ]d-p C{]-Imcw {Kln-n-cn-p--hv Rm
ip`w sN-W-tam, AYhm Aip`w sN-Wtam? (F-p-
sIm-s-m, IrX- Ir- Xy- \m- bXp ImcWw Bpw Ah
ip`hpw Aip-`hpw sNp-hm km[n-p-n-) ]nXmhp
]dp: {]mXrZ! Ans\ ]d-b-cp-Xv. Cu cntcbpw
GI- ]-cq- ]s {]m]n- nv BcmWv ]c- a-Xzs {]m]n- p- Xv?
AXn- \m Ah-t\mSv Atlw (]n- Xm-h)v hn Fp ]d-p.
hn Xs A-am- Ip-p. hn-cq- ]-amb A- nXs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw {]hn--am-Ip-p. cw CXv {]mW-\m-Ip-p,
Fp-sIm-s-m cw AXm-bXv {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw can-p-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw a\-n-em-p-
pthm Ah-\n Cu Fm `qX-epw {]hn--am-Ip-I-bpw,
Fm `qX- fpw Ah-\n can-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
]Xn-aqmw {_mWw
19. D] DIvvYw {]mtWm hm DIvvYw {]mtWm loZ
Hmw kh- a p- m- ] - b - X yp- m- k v a m- Z p- I v Y - h nZv
hockvX njpXyp-I vY ky kmbqPy Hmw ktem-
IXmw PbXn b Ghw thZP
DIvYw C{]- Imcw {]mWs\ D]m- kn- - s. {]mW Xs
DIvY-am-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m {]mW Xs Cu
Fm-n-t\bpw Dm\w sNn-p-p. Cu D]m-k-I-
\n\npw DIvY-th-m-hmb ]p{X P\n-p-p. bmsXm-
cp- C{]-I mcw D]m-k \ \Spp-thm, Ah
{]mWs kmbq-Pyhpw kmtem-Iyhpw {]m]n-p-p.
20. D] bPqx {]mtWm ssh bPqx {]tWm loam
\n khmWn `qXm\n bpPyt bpPyt lm
kvssa khmWn `qXm\n ss{ijvTymb bPpjx
kmbqPy Hmw ktem-IXmw PbXn b Ghw thZ.
bPq C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-kn--s. {]mW Xs
bPq-km-Ip-p, Fp-sIm- s- m {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw kt-fn-p-p. Fm `qX-epw CXn
t{ijvT-Xz-m CXp-ambn kwbp--am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw
D]m-k\ \S-p--h bPq-kns kmbq-Pyhpw kmtem-
Izhpw {]m]n-p-p.

I 21. D] kma {]mtWm ssh kma {]mtW loam
\ n k hmW n `qX m\ n k ay n kay n
lmkv s sa khmWn `qXm\n ss{ijv T ymb
Iev]t kmav\x kmbqPy Hmw ktem-Iw
PbXn b Ghw thZ.
- kmaw C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-kn- - s. {]mW Xs
kma-am-Ipp; Fp-sIm-sm {]mW-\n Xs Cu
Fm `qX-fpw kpkw-K-X-am-bn-cn- p-p. Fm `qX-epw
AXn-\p-thn kpkw-K-X-am-Ipp. Fm `qX-fpw A-Xn-
\p-thn kpkw-K-X-am-Ip-Ibpw AXns t{ijvT-X-b v p-
thn ka- - f m-I p-I bpw sNp- p. C{]- I mcw
kmas D]m-kn-p--h AXns kmbq-Py-t-bpw,
kmtem-Iy-tbpw {]m]n-p-p.
22. D] {Xw {]mtWm ssh {Xw {]mtWm ln
s s h {X w {X mbtX s s l \ w {] mW x
IWntXmx {] {-a-{X-am-]vt\mXn Xv{Xky
kmbqPy Hmw ktem-IXmw PbXn b Ghw thZ
{]mW {Xn-b-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw {]mWs\ D]m-kn-
q. {]mW {X-am-Ip-p. {]mWXs {X-am-Ipp
FXv {]kn- -a m-I p- p. {]mW Cu tZh- ns\
ikv{XmZn P\n-X--fmb X--fn\npw cn-p-p.
A{X--a-m-cn\npw {XmW\w e`n-m {Xw ({]m-
W)s {]m]n-p-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-p-
p-thm, Ah {X-ns kmbq-Pyhpw kmtem-Iyhpw
{]m]n-p-p.
]Xn-memw {_mWw
23. D] `qan-c - -anw `ucn-Xy-m-h- -c m-Wzm
c- H mwl h GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Z- t a- X Zp
sslhm ky GXXv k bmh- t Zjp {Xnjp
temtIjp Xm h PbXn tbm -f kym GX-
tZhw ]Zw thZ
`qan, A-co-w, tZymhv Ch F--c--fm-Wv. F-
- c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXp Xs-bmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp ({]-
Y-a) ]mZw. CXp-Xs (`qan apX- em-b-h) Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS
{]Y-a-]m-Z-am-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw CXns Cu ]Zs Bc-dn-
bp-p-thm, Ah Cu {Xntem-I - -fn Fsmw Dtm
Ahsb Fmw Iog- S-p-p.
24. D]- -E tNm bPqwjn kmam-\ o- X y- m-h - cm
Wy--cHmw l hm GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Z-taX
Zp s s l hmk ym G X X v k bmh- X obw
{XbohnZym Xmh PbXn tbm -f kym GX-
tZhw ]Zw thZ.
ENm, bPqw-jn, kmam-\n Ch F--c- -fm-Ip-p. F-
- c--tem-Iq-Sn-bn-XmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp (Zzn-Xo-b) ]mZw.
CXp (E-m-Zn) Xs Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS ZznXob ]mZ-am-Ip-
N P
345
p. Bcv C{]-Imcw CXns Cu ]mZs Adn-bp-p-thm, K
Ah {Xbo-hnZy Fp-am{Xw Dtm (A-Xm-bXv {Xbo-hn-
Zyv Fp-am{Xw ^e-ap-tm) Ahsb Fmw Pbn-s-Sp-
p-p.
25. D] {]mtWm -f ]mt\m hym\ CXy-m-h-cm
ym-cHmw l hm GIw Kmbss{Xy ]Zta
X Zp s s l hmk y G X X v k bmh- Z nZw
{]mWnXmh PbXn tbm -f kym GX-tZhw
]Zw thZmYmky GX-tZh Xpcobw Zi\w ]Zw
]tcm-cPmb Gj X]Xn bZv ssh NXpY XXv
Xpcobw Zi\w ]Z-a nXn ZZri Ch tlyj
]tcm-c Pm CXn khap tlysshj cP D]-
cyp-] cn X]tXyh Hmwsslh {iobm bikm
X]Xn tbm -f ky GX-tZhw ]Zw thZ.
{]mW, A]m-\, hym\ Ch F- - c--fm-Ipp
F-- c--tfm-Ip-Sq-In-S-bmWv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Hcp (Xr-Xo-b)
]mZw. Kmb-{Xn-bpsS XrXo-b] - mZw Cu {]mWm-Zn-IX-s-
bm-Ip-p. Bcv Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Cu ]mZs C{]-Imcw a\-
n-em-p- pthm Ah Fm Poh-Pm-e- -sfbpw Iog-Sn
`cn-p- p. AXp-t]mse bmsXmv X]np ({]-Im-i n-
p)sImn-cn-p-p-thm, AXp-Xs Chs Xpco-b-hp,
Zi-Xhpw ]tcm-c-P-]-Zhpw BIp-p. GXv NXpY-am-Ip-p-
thm, AXn-s\-Xs Xpco-b-sap hnfn--s-Sp-p. ZiXw
]Zw CXns Aw-(Cu BZn-Xy-a--e - -]p-cp-j)
ImW-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse (]-tcm-cPm CXns Aw) Cu
Fm cPp (A-Xm-bXv Fm temI--ep-tS-bpw) apI-fn
hkn-p-sImv {]Im-in-X-am- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- Kmb-{Xn-
bpsS \memw-]Z- s Adn-bp-p-h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-thm,- A-
h C{]-ImcwXs tim`-bmepw Ion- bm-epw {]Im-in-
X-\mbn `hn-p-p.
26. D] sskjm Kmbt{XyXkvan Hmw kvXpcntb
ZitX ]tZ ]tcm- c - P kn {]Xn- j v T nXm XZv
sshXXv ktXy {]Xn-jvTnXw Npssh kXyw
Nln ssh kXyw Xkv a mZv bZn- Z m\ow
Zzuhnh-Z -am-\ m-th-b m-X m-a-l -a-Zi-a-l - a-i zu-j -
anXnb Ghw {_qbm-Z-l-h-Zi-anXn Xkvam Gh
{i - [ yma X Zv s s h X X v k X yw _ te
{]XnjvTnXw {]mtWm ssh _ew XXv {]mtW
{]XnjvT nXw Xkva m-Zm-lp_-e Hmw kXym-t`m-
Kob CtXyhw thjm Kmb-{Xy-[ ymw {]Xn-
jvTnXm kmssljm Kbm-Hmw-kvXt{X {]mWm
ssh KbmkvX Xv {]mWm-Hmw-k vXt{X XZv bZv
Kbm Hmw kvX t{XXkvamZv Kmb{Xo \ma k
bmta-hm-apHmw kmhn{X-a-\zmssl sshj km
k bkvam A\zm l Xky {XmWm Hmw kv{Xmb-
tX.
Cu Kmb{Xn Cu NXpY-Zi-X-]-tcm-cPm ]Z-n
{]Xn- jvTn-am-Ipp Cu ]Zw kXy-n {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip-p.
 346

I Npv Xs kXy-am-Ip-p. Np-p-Xs kXy-am- p-I bpw F{X-a m{Xw Pohn-I -f p- m-b n-c n- p- pthm K
Ipp Fp {]kn--am-Ip-p. AXn-\m cp ]pcp-j- m Ahsb bmsXm-cp- {]Xn-{K-ln- p- pthm AXv CXns
Rm Ip Rm tIp Fn-{]-Imcw hnhmZw \S-p-I- Cu aqm-as ]mZs hym]vX- am-p-I-bpw, CXp-Xs
bm-sW-n, Ah-cn Bcw Rm In-cnpp Fp CXns Xpco- b-Zi-Xhpw ]tcm-c-P-]-Z-hp-am- Ip-p. AXv X]n-
]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n Ah-s\-Xs \app hniz-kn-mw. p-p. AXv Hn-\mepw {]m]y-am-Ip-n-. Fp-sIm-s-
B Xpco-b] - m-Z-ns B{i-b-`qXw kXy-_-e - n {]Xn- m C{]bpw {]Xn-{K-lWw Bv Fhn-sS-\npw kzoI-
jvTn-X-am-Ip-p. {]mW Xs _eamIpp; B kXyw cn-p-hm Ignbpw?
{]mW-\n {]Xn-jT v n-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m kXys At]-
29. D]--Xkym D]- m\w Kmb-{Xym-tky-I-]-ZoZzn
nv _ew HmP-kzn-bm-sWp ]d-bp-p. C{]-Imcw Cu
]Zo-{Xn-] Zo NXp-j v] - Zy-] -Zkn \ ln ]Zytk
Kmb{Xn Aym- -{]m-W -\ n {]Xn-jvTn-am-Ip- p. Cu
\akvtX Xpco-bmb Zi-Xmb {]Zmb ]tcm-c-
Kmb{Xn hmKmZn {]mWs\ {XmWs\ sNbvXn-cpp; AXn-
Ptk f- kmhtZm am {]m]-ZnXn bw Zznjym-Z-km-
\m CXns\ Kmb{Xn F t]cp-mbn. BNm-cy Fp
hkva Imtam am kar- oXn hm \ sslhm
hjs hSp ({_--Nm-cn) hn\p-th-n-bp D]-\-b-\-k-
kvssa k Imax kar-[ytX bkvam Gh-ap-]-Xn-
a-bv GsXmcp kmhn-{Xn-bpsS D]-tZiw \In-bn-cp-p-
jvTtX f- laZx {]]-anXn hm.
thm, AXv ChX-s-bm-bn-cp-p, GsXmw {_-Nm-cn-
Iv CXns D]-tZiw \Ip-p-thm, CXv Ah-cp-sS- B Kmb-{Xn-bpsS D]-m-\w tl Kmb{Xo! \o (ss{X-
sbmw {]mWs\ cn-p-p. tem-Iy-cq-]-amb {]Y-a-]m-Z - m) GI-]-Znbpw (aqp thZ-
cq-]-amb ZznXob ]mZ-n) Zzn]m-Zbpw ({]m-W, A]m-
27. D] Xm HmwsslXmtatI kmhn-{Xo-a-\p-p-`a
\, hym\ Cu aqp ]mX--fm) {Xn]-Znbpw (Xr-Xo-b-
\zmlphm-K-\ p-p-t_-X Zv hmN-a-\ p-{_qa CXn ]m- Z-m NXp-jv]-Znbpw (C- h-bvsmw hncp--ambn \ncp-
\ XYm IpbmZv Kmb- { Xo- t ah kmhn- { Xo- a -
]m-[nI kzcq-]m \o) A]-Zbpw BIpp; Fp-sIm-
\p{_qbmZv bZn l hm At]yhm hnZv hlznh
s-m \o Adn-b-s-Sp- n-. AXn-\m hyh-lm-c-
{]XnKr-lvWmXn \ sslh XZv Kmb{Xym GIw
ns Ahn-jb - -`q-Xhpw AXp-t]mse kakvX temI--
N\ ]Zw {]Xn.
fn\npw D]-cn-bmbn hncm-Pn-p \ns Zi-\o-ba- amb
Nne imJ-It- fm-Sp-Iqbn Cu A\p-jvSpv O-tkm-Sp- Xpco-b-]-Zs \a-k v -cn-p-p. Cu ]m]-cq-]n-bmb i{Xp
Iq- Snb kmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-p-p. (Km-b{Xo O-kn- ep (hn-Lv\m-N-c-W-cq-]-am-b) Cu Imcy-n k^-eX {]m]n-
kmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-msX A\p-p-]vO--kn-ep kmhn- m- Xn- cn- - s. C{]-Im-cw Ch (hn-Zzm) bmsXm-s\ hntZz-
{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-p-p.) hmv A\p-jvSp-m-Ip-p. AXn- jn- p-pthm Ahs B{K-l- ]q- am-Im- Xn-cn- s
\m R hmns\ Xs D]-tZ-in-pp Fv Ah C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv D]-m\w sN-s. Bp-
]d-bp-p. Fm Ans\ sNphm ]mSn-. Kmb{Xo thn C{]-Imcw D]-m\w sN-s-Sp-pthm Ahs
O-n-ep kmhn-{Xnsb D]-tZ-in-s C{]-Im-cw Adn- A`n-em-j- ]q-am-Ip-n-. As-n Rm\o hkvXp-
bp--h A[nIw {]Xn-{K-ln-bm-Ip-sa-n Ah Kmb- hns\ {]m]npw F B{K-l-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-m\w
{Xn- bpsS Hcp ]mZ-n\p Xpeyt]m-ep-am-Ip-hm km[n-p- sN-s.
n-.
30. D]x GX ssh X-\tIm sshtZtlm _pn
28. D] k b CamHmw kv{Xwtm-Im ]qWm eam-iz-Xm-cm-izn-ap-hmN bp tlm XZv Kmb{Xo
{]XnKr-lvWo-bmXv tkm -f kym GXXv {]Yaw hnZ-{aqYm IY-Hmw-l-kvXo-`qtXm hl-koXn apJ
]Z am]v\p-bmY bmh-Xobw {Xbo-hnZym bkvXm- Hmw lykymx k{am]v\ hnZmw-N -Im-tcXn tlm
hXv {]Xn-Kr-lvW o-b mXv tkm -f kym GXZv hmN Xkymx An-tch apJw bZn l hm A]n
ZznXobw ]Z-a m-] v\ p- b m- ZY bmh- ZoZw {]mWn _ l zn- h m- m- h - ` ym- Z - [ X n k - t ah X X v
bkvXmhXv {]Xn-Kr-lvWo-bmXv tkm f- kym GX- kwZltXy- h Hmw sslssh- h w- h nZv bZy]n
Xobw ]Z- a m- ] v \ p- b m- Z - Y mk ym GX- t Zh _ l znh] m] w Ipc ptX k - t ah X X v
Xpcobw ZiXw ]Zw ]tcm-cPm b Gj X]Xn kw]vk mb ip - f ]qtXm - f Ptcm - f arXx
ss\h tI\N-\ m]yw IrX D GXm-hXv {]Xn- kw`-h-X n.
KrlvWobmXv.
hntZ-l-P-\-I _pUn-e-A-iz- X-cm- izn-tbmSp tNmZn-p. \o
Bcv Cu aqp ]q-tem-I--tebpw {]Xn-{K-ln-p- kzbw Kmb-{Xo-X-Xz-th-m-shp ]d-n-cp-p. ]ns(-{]-
pthm Ahs AXv ({]-Xn-{K-lw) Cu Kmb-{Xn-bpsS Cu Xn-{K-l-tZm-j-m) B\-bm-bnv `mcw-h-en-p--sX-p-
{]Ya ]Zs hym]vX-am-p-Ibpw F{X-am{Xw CXp {Xbo- sImv? AXn\v Ah adp- ]Sn ]dp. tl k{amt! Rm
hn- Zy-bm-bn-cn-p-pthm AXns\ Bcv {]Xn-{K- ln-p-pthm AXns apJw Adn-n- cp-n-. Atm P\-I ]dp:
AXv ({]-Xn-{K-lw) CXns Cu ZznXo-b-]m-Zs hym]vX-am- CXns apJw An-bm-Ip-p. Bfp-I An-bn IW-

N P

I n-msX C\w CSp-I-bm-sW-nepw AXv Ah-sbmw
`kva-am-p-p. CXp-t]mse Cu Imcyw Adn-bp--h hf-
sc-b[
- nIw ]m]w sNp-Ib - m-sW-n-epw, AXv Ah-sb-
sbmw `-W-amn ip-hpw, ]hn-{X-hpw, AP-c-hpw, Aa-
chpw Bbn-o-cp-p.
]Xn-\mw {_mWw
31. D]x lnc--tb\ ]mt{XW kXy-kym-]n-lnXw
apJw, XXzw ]qj- -] m-h rWp kXy-[ mb
Zr tb, ]qj-t-Itj ba kqcy {]mPm-]Xy
hyql civa n, kaq-l -t XtPm bt cq]w
Ieym-W-Xaw Xt ]iym-an, tbm -f kmhku
]pcpjx tkm f- la-k van, hmbp-c-\n-e-a-a r-X-a-
tYZw `kvam--Hmw-ico cw, Hmw {ItXm kvac
IrXHmw kvac IrtXm kvac IrX Hmw kvac,
At \b kp]Ym cmtb A kvam hnizm\n
tZh hbp-\ m\n hnZzm bptbm-[y-k va-q-l p-
cm-Wt- at\m `qanmw tX \a-Dnw hnt[-a.
kXy-kwPvRI-amb {_-ns apJw tPymXn-b-
amb ]m{X-m BOm-Zn-X- am-Ip-p. tl temI-c-- I-\mb
kqcy-tZhm! \o AXn-s\, Rm\m-Ip kXy-[-n-\p-
thn AXns\ Zin-p-hm ]ngp-Xp-am-q. tl ]qj!
tl Gtjm! tl bam tl kqcym! tl {]Pm-]Xn! A-
bpsS Inc-W-sf amp-Ib - pw, tXP-ns\ HXp-p-Ibpw
sN-W-ta, A-bpsS bmsXmcp cq]w AXyw Ieym-W-
a- b -a m-b n-c n- p- pthm AXns\ Rm Zin- pp.
GsXmcp BZn- Xy-a--e- - ]p-cp-j-\m- bn-cnp-p- thm,
Rm\m-Ip AhXs Aar-X-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. Rm\m-
Ip Aar-Xhpw AXp-t]mse kXy-kz-cq-]-hp-amb Bm-
hns ico-c-]mXw Dm-Ip--Xn-\p-ta Cu ico-c-ns
Dnep {]mW-hmbp Cu _mly-hm-bp-hns\ {]m]n--
tW. AXp-t]mse Cu icocw `kvam-ht- i-j-ambn `qansb
{]m]n--tW. tl {]mW- cq- ]\pw at\m- a-b-{I-Xp- cq- ]\pw Bb
An-tZhm! bmsXmp kvacWm tbmKy-am-Ip-pthm
AXns\ kvacn--tW. Rm Fp sNbvXpthm AXns\
kvacn--tW. sNbvXn-p--hsb kvacn--tW. tl Ao!
I-^-e-{]m-]X v n-mbn \o Rsf ip`-am-nqSn
AXm-bXv tZh-bm-\-am-nqSn sImp-t]m-Iq. tl
tZhm Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw Fm m\-tbpw Adn-
bp- -h -\m-Ip-p. R-fpsS IpSn-e -]m-]- sf R-
fn\npw AI-n--f-bq. R Asb At\Iw
{]mhiyw \a-kI v c- n-p-p.
Bdma- ymbw
Hmw {_mWw
1. D] Hmw tbm l ssh tPyjvTw N t{ijvTw N
N P
347
thZ tPyjv T t{ijv T kzm\mw `hXn K
{]mtWm ssh t{ijvT tPyjvT t{ijvT
tPyjvT kzm\mw `h-y]n N tbjmw _p`q-
jXnb Ghw thZ.
bmsXm-cp- tPyjvT- t\bpw t{ijvT-t\bpw Adn-bp-
-h -\ m-b n-cn- p- p-t hm, Ah kzPmXn P\--f n
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT\pw BIp-p. {]mWXs tPyjvT-
hpw, t{ijvT- hp-am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-p-
p-thm, Ah Xs PmXn-I-fn-epw, ap P\--fnepw
tPyjvT\pw t{ijvT-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p.
2. D] tbm l ssh hknjvTmw thZ hknjvTx
kzm\mw `hXn hmKv ssh hknjvTm hknjvTx
kzm\mw `h-Xy]n N tbjmw _p`q-jXn b Ghw
thZ
bmsXm-cp- hkn-jvTmsb (hm-Wn) Adn-bp-pthm
Ah kzP-\--fn hkn-jv-T-\m- bn-o-cp-p. hmWn Xs
hkn-jvT -bm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-p-thm,
Ah kzP-\--fnepw CXv B{K-ln-p-s-n ap--h-
cnepw hkn- jTv - \m-bn-o-cp-p.
3. D] tbm l ssh {]XnjvTmw thZ {]Xn-X n-
jvTXnkta {]Xn-X n-jvTXn ZptK Npssh
{]XnjvTm Npjm ln kta N ZptK N {]Xn-
XnjvT Xn {]Xn-X n-j -v T Xn kta {]Xn- X n- j v TXn
ZptK b Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- {]Xn-jvTsb Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
kam\ tZi-Im-e--fnepw Zp-a-tZ-i--fnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-
\m-bn-o-cp-p. {]XnjvT Npp Xs- bm-Ip-p. Np-
mXs kam-\hpw Zp- a-hp- amb tZi- Im-e-- fn {]Xn-
jvT-bpm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-k\ \S-p-p-thm,
Ah kam-\--fnepw Zp-a--fnepw {]Xn-jvTn-X-\mbn
`hn-p-p.
4. D] tbm l ssh kw]Zw thZ k Hmw
lmkvssa ]ZytX bw Imaw Ima-btX t{im{Xw
ssh kw]-tmt{X lota kth thZm A`n-
kw-]mx k Hmw lmkvssa ]ZytX bw Imaw
Ima-btX b Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- k-ns\ Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
GXp t`mKs C-s- Sp-p-thm, AXp- Xs Ahs\ kay-
m-b- hn[w {]m]n- p- p. kv t{im{Xw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
t{im{X- - fnq- Sn-Xs Cu Fm thZ-epw Fm {]Im-
c-nepw \njv]--am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw D]m-kn-p-p-
thm, Ah GXp t`mKs Cn-p-p-thm, AXv kzbw
Ahs\ kay-m-b-hn[w {]m]n-p-p.
5. D] tbm l hm Bb-X\w thZm-b-X\w kzm
\mw `h-X ym-b-X\w P\m\mw at\m hm Bb-
X\ amb- X \ Hmw kzm\mw `h- X ym- b - X \w
P\m\mw b Ghw thZ.

I bmsXm-cp- Bb-X-\s Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
kzP-\--fpsS Bb-X-\- am-bn-o-cpp; AXp-t]mse ap--
h-cp-tS-bpw, a\-kp-Xs Bb-X-\-am-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw
D]m-kn-p-pthm; Ah kzP-\--fp-tSbpw ap-h - -cp-
tSbpw Bb-X-\a - mbn `hn-p-p.
6. D]x tbm l ssl {]PmXnw thZ {]Pm-btX l
{]Pbm ]ip`n tctXm ssh {]PmXnx {]Pm-btX
l {]Pbm ]ip-`ncy Ghw thZ
bmsXm-cp- {]Pm-]-Xnsb Adn-bp-p-thm, Ah
{]P-I-fm-epw, arK-fmepw A`n-hr-n-{]m-]n-p-p. tcXv
Xs {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p. Bcv C{]-Imcw Adn-bp-pthm
Ah {]P-If - mepw arK--fmepw {]PmX (A-`n-hr-n)-\m-
Ip-p.
7. D]x tX tlta {]mWm Al Hmw t{ibtk
hnhZam\m {_ Pp--tmNpx tIm t\m
hknjvT CXn Xtm-hmN bkvan h DXv{Im
CZ- H mw - i - c ocw ]m] ntbm a\ytX k thm
hknjvT CXn.
Ah Cu {]mW Rm t{ijvT, Rm t{ijvT
Fp hmZn-p-sImv {_m- hns ASp- sNp At-
l- tmSp ]dp: R-f n BcmWv hkn-j v T
{_mhp ]dp: \n-fn\npw BcpsS DXv{I-aWw
(i-co-c
- n\n-p th]m-Sv) Ign-bp--Xn-\p-ta Cu
icocw kzbw A[nIw ]m]n-bmbn IW-m-p-p-thm,
AhX-s-bmWv \n-fn hkn-jT v .
8. D]x hmKvt[m-{- Ima km kwh-cw t{]mjym
KtXym-h mN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX PoXp-anXn tX
tlmNp-cy-Ym-Iem Ah-Ztm hmNm {]mWmx
{] mtW \ ] i y- - - pj m i r W z x
t{imt{XW hnZzmtkm a\km {]Pm-b-am\m tcX-
ssk-ha Pohn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi l hmIv
BZyw hmIv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw-hsc
shfn-bn hkn-nv Xncn-p-hp ]dp: Fs IqSmsX
\nv Fs\ Pohn-n-cn- p-hm Ignp? CXp-tIv
Ah ]d-p: F{]-Imcw aqI-\mb ]pcp-j hmWn-bm
kwkm-cn-msX {]mW\m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw t\{X-
-fm Zinpw I--fm tIpw a\- p-sIm- -dnp \S- n-b pw, hmWn-b m kwkm-c npw t\{X- -f m
tcX-km krn-\-S-nbpw Pohn-p-pthm AXp-t]mse
Rfpw Pohn-p. Cu adp-]-Sn-tIv hmv ico-c-n-\p- n
{]th-i n-p.
9. D]x Nptlm--{Ia XXv kwh-cw t{]m
jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn
tX tl mN - c y- Y mm A ]- i y- - - pj m
{]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm irWzx
t{imt{XW hnZzm-Hmwtkm a\km {]Pm-b-am\m
tcX sskh-a-Po-Jn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi l Npx
N P
348
Npv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw ]pdp
K
Ign-p-Iq-Snb tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn-p. \nv
Fs IqSmsX Fns\ Pohn-p-hm Ignp? Ah
]d- p F{]-I mcw Aa- - m Ip- I sImv
ImWmsX {]mW-\m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw hmWn-bm
kwkm-cnpw t{im{X--em {ihnpw a\- p-sImv
{Klnpw tcX-kp-sImv Dev]m-Z\w \S-nbpw Pohn-p-
pthm AtX-{]-Im-cw-Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cp-p. CXp-
tI Npv Dn {]th-in-p.
10. D]- -t{im-{XHmw tlm-{Ima XXv kwh- cw
t{]mjym-Ktbm hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX PohnXp
anXn tX tlmNp-c yYm _[ncm Air-W zx
t{imt{XW {]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm
]iy---pjm hnhm-Hmwtkm a\km {]Pmb
am\m tcX-ssk-h-a-Po-hn-j vtaXn {]hn-thi l
t{i{Xw.
t{im{Xw DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp hjw-sh-fn-
bn Ign tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn-p Fs-q-SmsX
\ns-s\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm Ignp? Ah ]d-
p F{]-Imcw _[n-c sNhn-IsImv {ihn-msX
{]mW- \m {]mW-{Inb \S-nbpw hmWn- bm kwkm-cnp
t\{X--em Zinpw a\-p-sIm {Klnpw tcX-p-
sImv {]tPm-ev]Z- \w \S-nbpw Pohn-n-cn-p-pthm
AtX{]-Imcw Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cn-p-p. CXp-tIp
t{im{Xw Dn {]th-in-p.
11. D] at\m tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw t{]m
jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn
tX tlmNp-cyYm apKv[m Ahn-Zzm-Hmwtkm a\km
{]mWx {]mtW\ hZtm hmNm ]iy-
pjm irWzx t{imt{XW {]Pm-b-am\m tcX-
ssk-h-a-Po-hn-jvt]Xn {]hn-thi l a\x
a\v DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp kwh-cw shfn-
bn Ign-p-Iq-nb tijw aS-n-hp tNmZnp: Fs-
q-SmsX \ns-s\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[np?
Ah ]d-p F{]-Imcw apKv[-\mb a\p-jy a\p-
sImv bmsXmpw {Kln-msX {]mW-\m {]mW-{Inb
Zinpw I--fm {ihnp tcX-m {]tPm-e] v n
\Snbpw Pohn-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs Rfpw
Pohn-n-cp-p. CXp-tIp a\v ico-c-n {]th-in-p.
12. D] tctXm tlm-{Ima XXv kwh-cw t{]m
jymK-tXym-hmN IY-a-i-IX aZrtX Pohn-XpanXn
tX tlmNy-cyYm o_m A{]-Pm-b-am\mtcXkm
{]mWx {]mtW\x hZtm hmNm ]iy--
pjm irWzx t{imt{XW hnZzmHmw tkm
a\-ssk-h-Po-hn-jvtaXn {]hn-thi ltcXx.

I tcXv DXv{I-aWw sNbvXp. AXv Hcp kwh-cw shfn-
bn Ihn- p-Iq-n- b- tijw Xncn-p-hp tNmZn- p \nv
Fs-q-SmsX Fns\ Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[np
Ah ]dp: F{]- Imcw \]pw-k-I- tcX-km {]tPm-
ev]n \S-msX {]mW-\m {]mW\w sNbvXp hmWn-
bm kwkm-cnpw t\{X--fm Zinpw t{im{X--fm
{ihnpw a\-p-sImv {Klnpw Pohn-p-p-thm, AXp-
t]mse Xs Rfpw Pohn-n-cpp. CXp {ihn hocyw
ico-c-n- \p-n {]th-in-p.
13. D]x AY l {]mW DXv{I-an-jy bXm alm
kplbx sskhx ]Uzo- i - i - q kwhr
tltZhw sslth-am {]mWm kwh-hl tX
tlmNpam `Kh DXv{I-ao\ ssh iy-akvXz
ZrtX Pohn-Xp-anXn Xtkym ta _enw Icp-tXXn
XtY- Xn.
]noSv {]mW DXv {I-aWw sNm Bcw-` n-p.
Fns\ knp-tZ-is alm-\mb Aizw -Im-ep-sI-m-
\p Ipn ]ngp-Xp-am-p-tm AXp-t]mse AXv Fm
{]mW-t\bpw m\-{`--\m-m XpS-n. Ah ]dp:
`K-h, Av DXv{I-aWw sNm-Xn-cn--W-sa. A-sb-
q-SmsX Rp Pohn-n-cn-p-hm km[y- a-. {]mW
]dp: sImmw Fn F\np _en-k-an-p-hn.
ap C{n-b- ]dp: hfsc ktm-jw.
14. D]x km l hmKp-hmN bZv hm Alw hknjvTm
kvan Xzw XZz-knjvtTm -f koXn bZv hm Alw
{]Xn- j v T mkv a n Xzw XXv { ]-X njv t Tm - f koXn
NpcyZv hm Al Hmw kw]-Zkvan Xzw XXv
kw]ZkoXn t{im{Xw bZv hm Al-am- b -X -\ -
akvanXzw XZm-b-X-\-a-koXn at\m bZv hm Alw
{] Pm- X n- c k van X zw X X v{] - P m- X n- c - k oX n
tcXkvXtkym ta Inaw Inw hmk Xn bZnZw
Inm- i z`y B Iran`y B IoS- ] - X - M v t K-
`ykvXt f- amt]m hmk CXn \ l hm
Akym\w PKv[ w `hXn \m\w {]Xn-Kr-
loXw b Fh-ta-X-Z-\k - ymWw thZ XZznZzmw kx
t{im{Xnbm Ain-j y BNm-a-y-i n-X zm-N m-a-
t-bX tah XZ-\-a-\w Iphtm a\y-t.
B hmKn-{n-b- ]d-p. Rm bmsXmcp hkn-jT v -
Kp- W-tm- Sp-Iq- Sn-b-h-\m-Ip-pthm B KpW-m \n
bp-cm-Ipw. F\np bmsXmcp {]Xn-jT v -X-bptm AXv
\npw Dm-Ipw. C{]-Imcw t\{Xw ]dp. F\nv
bmsXmcp k-ptm B k- m bp- cmIpw C{]-
Imcw t{im{Xw ]d-p. F\nv bmsXmcp Bb-X-\- aptm
AXp-t]mse \npw Bb-X-\-ap-m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw
a\p ]dp. Rm bmsXmcp {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p-thm,
\nfpw B {]Pm-] -Xn-b m bp-c m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw
tcXp ]d-p. {]mW ]d-p. Fm Cu KpW--
fp Fs Ahpw hkv{Xhpw FmWv? hmKm-Zn-I
N P
349
]d-p. ]n-I, Iran-I, IoS-]-Xw-K- XpSn Fs- K
m-ap-tm, Ah-sbmw \ns A-hpw, Pe-hpw, hkv{X-
hp-am- Ip-p. bmsXm-cp- C{]-Imcw {]mWs As
Adn-bp-pthm Ah\v CXp-hgn A`-y-`-Ww D-Im-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw A`-y-s {]Xn-{Klw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp- p. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp t{im{Xo-b t`mP\w
Ign-p--Xn\p AXn-\p-ti-jhpw BN-a\w \S-p-p.
CXns\ Ah {]mWs\ A\--\m-p--Xmbn Icp-Xpp.
cmw {_mWw
15. D]--tiz-X-tI-X pl hm Bcp-tW[x ]mem
\mw ]cn-jZ amP-Kma k BP-Kma ssPhenw
{]hm-lWw ]cn-Nm-c-b-amW Xap-Zo-y-m`yp-hmZ
Ipamcm CXn k t`m CXn {]Xnip{im- h m-
\pintm \]kn ]nt{X-tXym-anXn tlmhmN.
Bc-Wn-Is ]p{X- \mb tizX-tIXp ]mm-es k`-
bn hn-cpp FXv {]kn--am-Wv. Abm Poh-es
]p{X-\mb {]hm-lW- s ASp- sNp. Atm
Abm tkh-I - m-cm ]cn-N-cn-- s-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
Abmsf Ip-sImv {]hm-l- W ]dp- ""Hm- Ip- amcm''
Abm ]d-p ""Mm'' {]hm-l- W tNmZnp:- ""\ns ]n-
Xmhv \ns hnZy A`y-kn-n-n-ptm?'' Atm tizX-
tIXp Dv Fp adp-]Sn \In.
16. D] th btYamx {]Pmx {]btXym hn{]Xn]-
Zy CXn t\Xn tlmhmN thtm btYaw
temIw ]p\-c m-] -Zym CXn t\Xn sslthm
hmN thtm bYmku temI Ghw _lp`nx
]p\x ]p\x {]b-Zv`n\ kw]p-cymXm CXn t\Xn
sslthm hmN thtm bXn-Yym-am-lpXym Hmw
lpXm- b m- a m]x ]pcp- j - h mtNm `qXzm kap-
mbhZ o C Xn t\ X n s s l thm hmN
thtm tZh-bm-\ky hm ]Yx {]Xn-]Zw ]nXr-
bm-Wkyhm bXv IrXzm tZh-bm\ hm ]m\w
{] X n] Zyt ] nX r - b mW w hm] n l n \
EtjhNx irtX tZz krXo Air-Whw ]nXr-
Wm-alw tZhm\mapX aXym\mw Xm`ym-anZw
hniz-ta-P Xv ktaXn bZ- cm ]nXcw amXcw
tNXn \ml-aX GI-\ thtZXn tlmhmN.
ac-Wm-\- cw Cu {]PI hn`n--am--fnqSn
t]mIp-p ""AsX-p-sIm-sv \n\--dn-bmtam?'' tizX-
tIXp ]d-p ""C.'' cmPm-h-v ""-A-h hopw temI-n-
tep hcp- p. AsX-ns\sbv \n\- -dn-bmtam?'' ""C''
tizX-tIXp Dcw \In. cmPm-hv-- ""C-{]-Imcw ]px ]p\x
At\-I acnpsNnpw B temIw \nd-bm-Xn-cn-p--sX-
psImv? AXv \n\-- dn-bm-tam?'' ""C'' Abm ]d- p.
cmPm-hv ""F{X F{Xtbm {]mhiyw BlqXn lh\w
sNbvXnpw Bhv (P-ew) ]pcp-j-i-_vZ-hm-Ny-am-bp-bv

I kwkm-cn-p-hm XpS-pp Fv \n-dn-bm-tam?'' ""C''
tizX-tIXp adp-]Sn ]d-p. ""\o tZh-bm-\-am-n-te-
p I-cq-]--amb km[\ AYhm ]nXr-bm-\-ns
I-cq- ]-amb km[\ Adn-bp-p-tm?, AX-\p-jvSnv Bfp-
I tZh-bm-\-ams {]m]n-p-p, AYhm ]nXr-bm-
\s {]m]n-p-p. \mam-Is Cu a{- hN - \w tIn-cn-p-
p--Rm ]nXr--fp-tSbpw tZh-I-fp-tSbpw C{]-Im-c-ap
cp am--sf- n tIn-cn-pp; Ch cpw a\p-jy-cp-
ambn _-s-n-p am---Zyp-tem-Iw-- ]r-Yzn-- F
amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS CS-m-Iptm?'' CXn\v tizX-tI-Xp- ""-
Rm CXn-sem-p-t]mepw Adn-bp-n'' Fp adp-]Sn
\In.
17. D] AssY\ hk- t Xym- ] - a - { - b m- t{I -f
\mZrXy hkXnw Ipamcx {]Zp-{Zmh k BP-
Kma ]nXc X Hmw tlmhm-tNXn ]mh Ine
t\m Zhm ]pcm-\ p-i n- m-\ -thmN CXn IY
Hmwkp-ta[ CXn ] am {]iv\m cmPm-\y-_-
pc{]mo tX ms s\ - I m- N \ thtZX n
IpXta X CXoa CXn l {]Xo-Im-\yp-Zm-P-lm-c.
]noSv cmPmhv tizX-tI-Xp-hn-t\mSv AhnsS Xma-kn-p-
hm-\`- yn-p. Fm Ipam-c AXp hI-h-bvmsX
Ahn-sS-\np ]pd- s- p. Ah Xs ]nXm- hns ASp-
sNv C{]- Imcw ]d- p ""Av ]d- n-cp- p- htm Fs
Fm hnj-b-fpw kw_-n- p hnZy-I A`y-kn-np
Fv?'' ]nXmhp ]d-p ""tl \ _pn-i-n-bp--ht\!
Fp kw`- hnp?'' ]p{X ""Hcp {Xn- b FtmSv Ap
tNmZy- tNmZn-n-cn-p-p, Ah-bn Hp-t]mepw F\n-
-dn-bm h.'' ]nXm-hv- ""-Ah Fs-m-am-bn-cpp?''
]p{X ""Ah CXmWv'' Fp ]dv aptNm- Zy- Adn-
bn- p.
18. D] k tlmhmN XYm \kvXzw XmX Pm\oYm
bYm bZlw In thZ kh-alw Xp-`ya
thmNw t{]ln Xp X{X {]XoXy {_-Ncy hXv
kymh CXn `hm-t\\ KO-XznXn k BP Kma
KuXtam b{X {]hm-l-Wky ssPh-te-cmk X
kvam Bk-\-am-lr-tXym-Z-I-am-lm-cbm Im-cmY
lmkvam ALy NImc XHmw tlmhmN hcw
`K htX KuX-amb ZZva CXn.
B ]nXmhp ]dp: ""tl XmX? Rm ]d-bp-Xp \o
{in-q, F\n--dn-bm-am-bn-cp--sXmw \n\p ]d-p-
X-n-cp-p. C\n \app cp-t]pw-IqSn Ahn-sS-t]m-
Imw, {_-Ncyw ]menv AhnsS hkn-mw.'' ]p{X ]d-
p-- ""A-v Xs s]mbvsmq.'' Atm B KuX-
a {]hm-l-Ws Bm-\-s-n. Abmp-thn
cmPmhv Bk-\w- sImphcp-hnv BLym-Zm-\w-sImv
]qPn-p. ]noSv ]d-p ""Rm ]qPy-\mb KuX- a\p hcw
\Ip-p.''
N P
350
19. D] k tlmhmN {]Xn-mtXm a Gjhtcm
K
bmw Xp Ipam-c-kymt hmN-a-`m-j-YmkvXmw ta
{_qloXn
Abm ]d-p ""Xm F\np hcw \Im-sap
{]Xn sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AX-\p-k-cn-v, Xm Ipam-c-
t\mSv tNmZn-n-cp tNmZy- F\np ]d-mepw.''
20. D] k tlmhmN ssZthjp ssh KuXa XZv
htcjp am\p-jmWmw {_qlo-Xn.
Abm ]d-p ""KuXa! B hc-am-Is ssZh-hc - -
fns--Xm-Wv. Av a\p-jy-kw- _- n- bmb GsX-nepw
hcw tNmZn-q.''
21. D] k tlmhmN hnm-btX lmkvXn lnc
Wy kym]mw tKm Aizm\mw Zmko\mw {]
hmcmWmw ]cn-Zm-\ky am t\m `hm _tlmc
\ky]cy--kym-`ym-h-Zmt\ym `qZnXn k ssh
KuXa XotY-t\- mkm CXyp-ss]-aylw `h
anXn hmNm l kvss]h ]qh D]-bn k
tlm]m-b-\-I otXym- hmk
KuX-a ]dp: ""Ah-sbmw F\n-p-sv A-
dn-bp-p-tm? F\nv kzw, tKm, Aiz-,
Zmkn-I, ]cn-hm-c-, ]cn-[m-\- Fmw Dv. Ap
al-pw, A\--hpw, \nko-ahpw Bb [\-Zm-Xm-hm-bn-cp-
npw Fs Imcy-n AZm-Xm-hm-I-cp-tX.'' cmPm-hv
""Fn KuXam! \n imkvt{Xm--amb hn[n-{]-Imcw
AXns\ {]m]n-p-hm Xm-dm-bn-sm-q.'' KuX-a- ""-
icn, Rm A-bp-sS injyXzw kzoI-cn-p-p.'' ]v
{_m-W hmmXs {Xn-bm-Zn-Isf kzoI-cn-n-cp-
p. C{]-Imcw AwKo-I-cn-p-sImp ]d am{X-bn
KuX-a AhnsS hkn-p-hm XpSn; (tk-hm-Zn-I-tfm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-n-.)
22. D] k tlmhmN XYm \kvXzw KuXa hm]cm
[mkv X h N ]nXm- a lm btYbw hntZyXx
]qh\ Ikvan-Hmw- \ {_W Dhmk Xmw
Xzlw Xp`yw hyman tIm ln ssXzhw {_qh-
-alXn {]Xym-Jym-Xp-an-Xn.
cmPmhp ]d- p ""KuXam! F{]- Imcw \n- fpsS ]nXm-
a- l- m R-fpsS ]q- P-m- cpsS A]- cm-[- an-m-
Xn-cp-p-thm, AXp-t]m-se-Xs \nfpw RfpsS sXp-
I an--cp-X.v CXn-\p-ap]v Cu hnZy Hcp {_m-Ws
ASp-epw Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXns\ \nmbn Rm\p-
]-tZ-in-p-p. sImmw, C{]-Imcw hn\-b-]qw kwkm-
cn- p \nv AXp \ntj-[n-p--Xn Bcv ka-
\mIpw?''
23. D] Aku ssh temtIm -f nKu-Xa Xkym
ZnXy Gh kan{Z iv a tbm [qtam - f lc
NnZntim -f Mv Kmcm Ahm--c -Zntim hnkv^ p-
 351

I enMv K m kv X kv a n- t - X - k v a n- u tlhmx tl KuXam! kv{XoXs An-bm-Ip-p. Kp]vtX-{nbw K

{imw PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy tkmtam AXns C-\-am-Ip-p, tcmaw [qa-am-Ip-p, tbm\n Pzme-
cmPm kw`-h-Xn. bm-Ip-p, Dn-tebvp (ssa-Yp-\h
- ym-]m-cw) IS-p-Xv
Xo--bm- Ip-p, B\w kv^penw-K--fm- Ip-p. Cu An-
tl KuXam! Cu temIw (Zyp-tem-Iw) Xs An-bm-
bn tZh-KWw hocys tlman-p-p. Cu Blq-Xn-
Ip-p. BZn-XyXs AXns C-\-am-Ipp; Inc-W-
[qa-am-Ip-p, Znhkw Pzme-bm-Ip-p, Znp-I Xo- bn\npw ]pcp-j D-hn-p-p. Ah Pohn-p-p,
-I- fm-Ip-p, Ahm--c-Zn-p-I kv^penw-K--fm-Ip-p. B {]hn- p-hm Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Pohn-p-Ibpw ]ns
An-bn tZh-KWw `nsb lh\w sNpp; Cu acn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Blp-Xn-bm tkmaw cmPm-hm-Ip-p. 28. D] AssY- \ - a - tb lcn Xkym- ntc
24. D] ]Pt\ym hm AnKu-Xa Xky kwh hmn`- h Xn kanXv kanZv [qtam [qtam
c Gh kuan-Z-{`mWn [qtam hnZyp-ZNn-ci NncNn- c - M v K mcm AMv K mcm hnkv ^ penwKm
\nc- M vK m- c m- { ]m- Z p- \ tbm hnkv ^ p- e n-M v K mkv X hnkv^p-en-MvKm-kvXk - van-t-X-kvanu tZhmx
kvantX kvanu tZhm tkmaHmw cmPm\w ]pcpjw PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy ]pcptjm
PqlzXn Xkym BlpssXy hrnx kw`-hXn. `mkz-c-hWx kw`-h-Xn

tl KXam! taLw-Xs AnbmIp-p. kwh-cw Atm Ahs\ An-bpsS ASp--tebvp sImp-

AXns hnd-Im-Ip-p. taLw [qa-am-Ip-p, hnZypXv Pzme- t]m-Ip-p. Ahs AnXs An-bmbn ]cn-W-an-p-
bm-I p- p. Ai\n (C-{s h{Pw) Xo--bm-I p- p; p, C\w C-\-am-bn-o-cpp; [qaw [qa-am-bn-o-cp-
taLK\w kv^penw-K--fm-Ip-p. B An-bn tZh- p, Pzme Pzme-bm-bn-o-cp-p, Xo Xo--bm-bn-o-cp-
KWw tkma-cm-Ps\ lh\w sNp-p. Cu Blq-Xn-bn p, kv^penw-K- kv^penw-K--fm-bn-o-cp-p. Cu
\npw hrn-bp-m-Ip-p. An-bn tZh-KWw ]pcp-js\ tlman-p-p. B Blq-
Xn-bm ]pcp-j AXyw Zo]vXn-am-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
25. D] Abw ssh temtIm -f nKu-Xa Xky
]rYzn-thyh kan-Z-n[qtam cm{Xn-cNn{am 29. D] tXb Gh-ta-XZv hnZptcy Nman ActWy
AMvKmc \- { X mWn hnkv^p- e n- M v K kv X {im Hmwk-Xy-ap-]m-ktX tX -f Nnc`n kw`-
kva nt- X - k va n- Ku tZhm hrnw PqlzXn h- yNntjm -f lc B]q-c y-am-W -] - am
Xkym BlqXym AHmw kw`-h-Xn. ] qc y- a m- W - ] - mZv bm j am- k m- \ p-
ZvmZnXy GXn-am-tkt`ym tZh-temIw tZh-
tl KuXam! Cu temIw-Xs An-bm-Ipp; ]rYzn
tem- I mZmZnXy- a m- Z n- X ymZv sshZypXw Xm
AXns C\w-X-s-bm-Ip-p, An [qa- am-Ip-p, cm{Xn
sshZyp-Xm ]pcptjm am\k GXy {_-tem-
Pzme-bpw, N{ Xo--bp-am-Ip-p, \- kv^penw-
Im Ka-bXn tXtXjp {_-tem-tIjp ]cmx
K--fm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn tZh-X-I hrnsb tlman-
]cm-htXm hkntXjmw \ ]p\-cm-hrnx
p-p. Cu Blq-Xn-bn\npw A- ap-m-Ip-p.
bmsXm-cp- (Kr-l-) C{]-Imcw CXn(]-m-n-
26. D] ]cptjm hm AnKuXa Xky hym hn-Zv)s\ Adn-bp-pthm AXp-t]mse bmsXm-cp- (k-
tah kanXv {]mtWm [qtam hmKNn- p ym-kn) h\-n `n-bp--\mbn kXys ({_w
cMvKmcmx t{im{Xw hnkv^p-enw-KmkvX kvant AXm-bXv lnc-Wy-K`w) D]m-kn-p-pthm Ah tPymXn-
Xkvan-u tZhm Aw PqlzXn Xkym B
ns A[n- jT v m\ tZh-X- Isf {]m]n-p-p, tPymXn- kns
lqssXy tcXx kw`-hXn
A[n-jT v m\ tZh-I-fn\npw Znh-k-ns A[n-jT v m\
tl KuXam! ]pcp-jXs An-bm-Ip-p. Ahs tZh-X-bn\npw ip-]-m-[n-j-vTm\ tZh-X-tb-bpw, ip-
Xpd-n-cn-p apJ-wXs C\am-Ip-p, {]mW [pa- ]-m-[n-jvTm\ tZh-X- bn\n-pw, D-cm-b-\- ns Bdp-
am-Ip-p, hmv Pzme-bm- Ip-p, t\{X- Xo--bm-Ip-p, am-k--fpsS A[n-jvTm\ tZh-X-I-sfbpw Ahn-sS-\npw
t{im{X- kv^penw-K-- fm-Ip-p. Cu An-bn tZh- tZh-tem-I-tbpw tZh-tem-I-p-\npw BZn-Xy-tem-I-
I As tlman-p-p. Cu Alq-Xn-bn\npw tbpw BZn-Xy\n\npw hnZyp-w-_-n-If - mb tZh-
hocyw Dm-Ip-p. X-Isf {]m]n-p-p. B hnZypXv tZh-I-fpsS ASp- Hcp
27. D] tbmjm hm AnKu-Xa Xkym D] am\-k-]p- cp- j hv Chsc {_-tem- I-n-tep sImp-
Gh kan-tmam \n [qtam tbm\n-cNn-cy-Zx t]m-Ip-p. Ah B {_-tem-I - n A\--kw-h--c-
ItcmXn tX -f Mv Kmcm A`n-\ m hnkv^ pen ]- c yw hkn- p- p. Ahv ]p\P- w Dm-Ip-n-.
MvK mkvX - k van- t-X -k van- u tZhm tctXm 30. D] AY tb bt\ Zmt\\ X]km tem
PqlzXn Xkym BlqssXy ]pcpjx kw`-hXn IRvP-bn tX [qa-a-_n-kw-`-hn [qam-{Zm{Xn
PohXn bmh-o-h-XyY bZm {anbtX Hmw cmt{X- c - ] - o- b - a m- W - ] - a ]o- b - a m-
N P
 352

I W]mZv bm jam-k m Zn-W m-ZnXy kvX]-bp kzmlm, bm Xnco \n]-ZytX f- K

GXn amtky`yx ]nXr-temIw ]nXr-tem-I-{w lw hn[-cWo CXn Xmw Xzm LrXky [mcbm
tX N{w {]m]ymw `hn Xm HmwkvX {X btP kHmw-cm-[-\o-al Hmw kzmlm.
tZhm bYm tkmaHmw cmPm-\-am-]ym-b-kzm-]-o-
Rm alXzw {]m]npw Fv bmsXm-cp- B{K-
b-tkztXy hta-\m-Hmw-kvX{X `-bn tXjmw
ln-p-p-thm, Ah D-cm-b-\-n ip-]--ns
bZv XXv ]cyssh-Xy-tY-a-ta-hm-Im-i-a-` n-\ n-j v] -
]pWy-Xn-Yn-I-fn ]Xn-aqp Znhkw D]-k-Zv{hXn (]-tbm-
Zy BImimZv hmbpw hmtbhrnw hrtx
{h-Xn)-bmbn Ac-bm XSn-bn-ep ]m{X-ntem Na-k-
]rYnhow tX ]rYnhow {]m]ymw `hn tX
ntem ku-j-[-hpw, ]g-epw ap kma-{Kn- Ifpw tiJ-
]p\x ]pcp-jmKv \u lqbt XtXm tbmjm
cnv (l-h\w \S-t m\-v)-Ip-i-hn-cn-pw, NmW-I-
u Pmbt temIm {]Xyp- m- b n-\ kv X
shw Xfnpw Ansb m]n-p-Ibpw ]ns An-
Gh- t a- h m\p ]cn- h Xt AY h GXu
p-Nppw Ipi-hn-cnv Krly-kq-t{Xm--hn-[n-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn
]m\u \ hnZpkvtX IoSmx ]XMvKm bZnZw
LrX-kw-kvImcw \Sn bmsXm-ns \maw ]pnw-K-am-
Z-i qIw
bn- cn-p- p-thm, B \- {X-n ans\ (X-\npw An-
bmsXm-cp- bw, Zm\w, X]v XpS-n-bh hgn- pw) CS-bnshv lh\w sNp-p-""-bm-htm'' CXymZn
bmbn temI-se Iog-S-p-pthm Ah [qas ([q-a- {]Y-a-a-{--fpsS Aw-tl PmX-thZx! \ns hi-
ns A[n- j vT m- \ - t Z- h - X - s b) {]m]n- p- p. [qa- hn-I-fmbn F{X tZh-X-I h{I-a-Xn-I-fmbn ]pcp-js
n\npw cm{Xn-tbbpw cm{Xn-bn\npw A]-o-b-am- A`n-em-j - v {]Xn-_-w sNp-pthm Ahsc Dt-
W-] - -tbpw (Ir-jW v -]-m-[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X) A]-o- in-p-sImv Cu BZy-`mKw Rm \nn lh\w sNp-
b-amW ]-n\npw kqcys Zn-Wm-b\ Ime- p. Ah Xr]vX-cmbn Fs Fm A`n-em-j--fmepw
ns Bdp-am-k--fpsS A[n-jT v m\ tZh-X-I- tfbpw Ahn- Xr]vX\ - m--s--kzm-lm "bmXn-co' CXymZn ZznXo-b-a-{-
sS-\npw ]nXr-tem-Ipw ]nXr-tem-I-p-\npw N{- ns Aw--Rm Fm-n-tbpw arXyp-hns\ hln-
t\bpw {]m]n-p-p. N{-\n Fn-bnv Ah A-am- p--h\ - m-Ipp. C{]-Imcw hnNm-cn-p-sImv bmsXmcp
bn- o-cp-p. AhnsS EXzn- p-I tkma-c m-Pm-h ns\ IpSn-e-a-Xn-bmb tZhX \ns B{i-bnp Ign-bp-pthm
"A]ymb kz A]-o-bkz' C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv Na- km-km-[- \- I-tfbpw ]qo-I- cn- p B tZh- X-Ip-
n \ndv ]m\w sNp-- Xp- t]mse Chsc tZh- KWw `- thn Rm LrXs [mc-t]mse bP\w sNp-p
W- am-p-p. Ah-cpsS I- oWn-p-tm Ah kzmlm
Cu BIm-is {]m]n-p-p. BIm-i-p-\npw hmbp-
32. D]x tPyjvTmb kzmlm t{ijvTmb kzmtlXy
hn-t\-bpw hmbp-hn\npw hrn-tbbpw hrn-bnqSn
u lpXzm at k Hmw{k- h - a - h - \ - b Xn
]rYzn-tbbpw {]m]n-p-p. ]rYznsb {]m]n--Xn-\p-tijw
{]mWmb hmlm hnkn-j v Tmssb kzmtl- X y-
Ah Am-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns Ah ]pcp-j-cq-]-am-
Kv\ulpXzm at k Hmw{k-h-a-h-\-bXn hmtN
Ip An-bn lh\w sN-s-Sp-p. AXn\npw
kzmlm {]Xn-jvTmssb kzmtl-X yu lpXzm
Ah temI- n- \p-thn Dm\w sNp--h-cmbn kv{Xocq-
atkHmw-{k-h -a-h -\ -b Xn Nptj kzmlm
]-am-Ip An-bn D-hn-p-p. C{]-Imcw Ah
kav]tZ kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at k Hmw{k-
hopw hopw ]cn-h\w {]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
hah\ - b X n t{i m{X mb k zml m- b - X - \ mb
Cu cp am-fpw Adn-bm--h IoS-]-X- MvKmZn \nIr-
kzmtlXyu lpXzm at k Hmw{k-h-a-h-\-
-Po-hn-I-fmbn `hn-p-p.
bXn a\tk kzmlm {]PmssXy kzmtl-Xyu
lpXzmat k Hmw{k- h -a -h -\ - b Xn tcXtk
kzmtlXyu lpXzm at k Hmw {kh-a-h-
aqmw {_mWw
\- b-Xn.
31. D]x k bx Ima-tbX alXv {]m]v\p-bm-an-XypZ
Kb\ B]q-cy-am-W-]-ky ]pWymtl ZzmZim ""tPyjvTmb kzmlm t{ijvTm-b-kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-
lap- ] - k - Z v { hXo `qXzu- Z p- a v _ tc IHmwtk Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-h-
Natk hm khu-j[w ^em-\ oXn kw`rXy cp LrXs an-sem-gn-p- I-f- bp-p. ""{]mWm-b- kzm- lm,
]cn-k-aqly ]cn-en-]ym-n-ap-]-k-am-[m\ ]cn-kvXo- hkn-jvTm-b-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn
cym-hrXm PyHmw kHmw-kvIrXy ]pHmwkm \- lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-hc - p LrXs
t{XW a Hmwkw-\ob Pqtlm-Xn, bmhtm an Hgn-p-If - -bp-p. ""hm tNmkzmlm {]Xn-jTv m-ssb-
tZh-kvXzYn PmX-th-Z-kvXnhtm [v\n ]pcp- kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv
jk y Imam tXt`ym - f lw ` mK- t [bw krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p.
Pqtlman tX am Xr]vX mx ksshx Imssa- ""Np-tj-kzmlm kav]-tZ-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn

N P

I An-bn lh-\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-hp
LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p. ""t{im{Xm-b-kzmlm Bb-X-\mb
kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv
krh-n _mn-h-cp LrXw an-sem-gn-p-p. ""a\-
tk-kzmlm {]Pm- ssXy-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-
bn lh\w sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""tcX-tk-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-SpIqSn
lh-\w-sNbvXv krh-n _mn-bm-Ip LrXw an-
sem-gn-p- p.
33. D] Atb kzmtl- X yu lpXzm at
kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn tkmamb kzmtl-Xyu
lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn `qx kzmtl
Xyu lqXzm at kHmw {kh-a -h - \ -b Xn
` qhx k zmtl - X y u l qX zm at k
Hmw{khah-\-bXn kzx kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm
atkHmw {kh- a - h - \ - b Xn `q `phx kzx
kzmtlXyu lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\-
bXn {_tW kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at k
Hmw {kh-a-h -\ -b Xn {Xmb kzmtl-X yu
lqXzm at kHmw {kh- a-h -\ - b Xn `qXmb
kzmtl- X yu lqXzm at kHmw {kh-
ah\bXn `hn-jytc kzmtl-Xyu lpXzmat
kHmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn hnizmb kzmtlXyu
lpXzm at k Hmw {kh-a-h-\-bXn khmb
kzmtl-Xyu lpXzm at kHmw {kh-a-h-\-
bXn {]Pm-]-Xtb kmtlym-Xyu lqXzm at
kHmw {kh-a -h-\-b-X n.
""A-tb-kzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn
lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs ({k-h-n _mn-bp-m-
Ip LrXw) an-sem-gn-p-p. ""tkmamb-kzmlm'' Cu
a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""`q-kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-
bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p.
""`qhx -kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""kz-kzmlm'' Cu
a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs
an-sem-gn-p-p. ""`q`phx kzm -kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-
Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-
gn-p-p. ""{_tW kzmlm'' Cu a{- tm-Sp-IqSn An-
bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p.
""Xv{Xmb-k zmlm'' Cu a{-t m-Sp-I qSn An-bn
lh\w sNbv X v kw{k- h s an- s em- g n- p- p.
""`qXmbkzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sN bv X v kw{ k- h s a n- s e m- g n - p- p. ""`h n-
jytXkzmlm'' Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w
sNbvXv kw{k-hs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""hnizmb-kzmlm''
Cu a{-tm-Sp-IqSn An-bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-
hs an-sem-gn-p-p. ""khmb-kzmlm'' Cu a{-
N P
353
tm-Sp- IqSn An- bn lh\w sNbvXv kw{k-hs an- K
sem-gn-p-p.
34. D] AssY-\-a-`n-ar-iXn `qa-`kn Pze-Zkn ]qW-
akn {]kvX-_v[-a-tky-I-k-`h - kn lnMvIrXakn
lnMv{Inb-am-W-a-kyp-ZvKo-Ya
- -kyp-ZvKob am\-akn
{imhn-X-akn {]Xym-{im-hn-Xa - -kymt{Z kwZn-] vX-
akn hn`q-ckn {]`q-c-ky--akn tPymXnckn \n[-
\-akn kwhtKm -f koXn.
CXn-\p-tijw ""`qa-Zkn'' CXymZn a{--tfmSp IqSn
ans\ kv]in-p-p. (a--{Z-hy-ns A[n-jvTm\
tZhX {]mW-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m {]mW-\nqSn GI-cq-
]-am-Ip-Xp ImcWw AXv km-- I-am-Ip-p.) ""`qa-Zkn''
CXymZn a{--fpsS Aw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p. \o ({]m-
W-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn icocw apgp-h) {`a-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-
Ip-p. (An cq]tm-Sp-IqSn kh-{X) Nen-p--h-\m-
Ip-p; ({_--cq-] - m) ]q-\m-Ip-p. BIm-i-cq-]-
tm-Sp-IqSn ) AXyw kvX_v[-am-Ipp (F- m-n- t\mSpw
Ahn-tcm-[n-bm-b-Xp-Im-c-Ww) \o Cu PK-{Zq-]-amb GI k`-
b-vp kam-\-\m-Ip-p. \oXs (b--ns Bc-n
{]tZym-X hgn-bm-bn) lnMvIrX- am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse \o
Xs lnMv {Inb-am-\-\p-am-I - p, (b-m-cw-`-n DZvKm-
Xm-Zzm-cm) \o Xs D-kz-c- tm- Sp-IqSn Km\w sN-s- Sp
DZvKo-Xhpw (b--ns a[y-n AXp-hg- n-bm-bn)
\oXs DZvKo-b-am-\\pw BIpp; \o Xs (A-[z-cyp--
fm) {imhn-Xhpw (A- n- {[w-Zzm-cm) {]Xym-{im- hn- Xhpw BIp-
p. B{Z (ta-Lw)-n kay-mw-hn[w Zo]vXa - m-Ip-p.
\o hn`q(-hn-hn-[-cq-]--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b)-hm-Ip-p. {]`phpw (k-
a) BIp-p. \o (t`m-m-hmb An-cq-]-tm-Sp-Iq-
Sn) tPymXn- m- I p- p. (Im- c - W - c q- ] - t m- S p- I q- S n)
Fmntbpw {]f-b - m-\ -a m-I p- p. AXp-t]mse
(Fmw kwl-cn-p--h-\m-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m) kwh-hp-
am-Ip-p.
35. D] AssY-\-ap-Zy-O-Xym-aHmw kyma-Hmwln tX
aln k ln cmtP-imt\m -f [n]Xnx kamHmw cm
tPimt\m f- [n]Xnw Itcm-XznXn
]noSv ""Bawkn Bawkn'' CXymZn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn
CXns\ apI- f n- t e- p- b p- p.- Cu a{- ns
Aw ""Bawkn'' \o Fm Adn-bp-p. ""B aln- tX-aln''
Rm \ns aln-asb \-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp- p. B
{]mW cmPm-hpw, Cuim-\-\pw, A[n-]X - n-bp-am-Ip-p.
Ah Fs cmPm-hpw, Cuim\-\pw, A[n-]-Xnbpw B-
tW.
36. D] AssY- \ -a m-N -aXn X-h n-X ph-t c-W yw
a[p hmXm EXm-btX a[p cn knhx,
am[zo\x ktzm-j [ox `qx kzmlm, `tKm
tZhky [oaln a[p \-ap-tXm-j tkm a[p-
aXv ]mYnh Hmw cPx, a[p ZyuckvXp \x ]nXm,

I `qhx kzmlm, [ntbm tbm \x {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv, a[p-
amtm h\-kv]-Xna-[p-amHmw AkvXp kqcyx,
am[zoI- Kmthm `hp \, kzx kzmtl- X n,
khm N kmhn-{Xo-a-\zml khm a[p-a-Xo-
cltath-ZHmw kh `qbmkw `q`qhx kzx
kzmtlXyX BNay ]mWo {]mey PL-
t\-\mnw {]Ivincmx kwhn-iXn {]mX-cm-Zn-X y-
ap-]-XnjvTtX Znim-ta-I-]p--co-I-a-kylw a\p-
jym-W mtaI]p- -c oIw `qbm-k-anXn btY-X -
taXy PLt\\mn-am-knt\m hHmwiw P]-Xn.
CXn-\p-tijw ""X-hn-Xph-tcWyw'' CXymZn a{--
tfm-Sp-IqSn Cu ans\ `n-p-p ""X-hnXp'' CXymZn
a{--fpsS Aw X-hn-Xph-tcWyw kqcys
htc-Wy-hpw, t{ijvT-hp-amb ]Zs Rm [ym\n-p-p.
""hXm-a-[p-E-Xm-b-tX-''- hmbp a[p-c-amb a-K- Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
{]h-ln-p-p. ""knhx a[p--c- n'' \Zn-I a[p- c-ckw
Hgp- n-s m- n-c np- p. ""\mHm-j [ox am[zo-xkp''
Rp- thn Huj-[n- I a[p-c-X-c-am- I- s. ""`qkzmlmx''
(C-{Xbpw A- -tfm-Sp-IqSn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn ans
BZys Dcpf `n--s) ""tZh-ky-ZKx[oaln'' R
khn-Xm- tZ-hs tXP- ns\ [ym\n- p-p. ""\-apX Djkx
a[p''--cm-{Xnbpw ]Iepw kpJ-I-c-am-I-s. ""]mYn-h-cPx a[p-
a-Xv''--`q- an-epsS [qfn-IWw DtZz-K-ap-m- p--h-bm-Im-Xn- cn-
s. ""Zyux ]nXm-\-a-[p-A-kvXp-''-]n-Xmb ZyptemIw \app
kpJ-I -c -a m-I -s . ""`qh-k zmlm'' (C-{Xbpw A- -
tfmSpIqSn a{p-tijw cm-as Dcp-fbpw `n-
-s) ""bx \x [nbm {]tNm-Z-bmXv'' khn-Xm-tZ-h \psS
_pnsb t{]cn-X-am-p-p. ""\mh-\-k] v Xnx a[p-am'' \ap-
p-thn h\-kv]Xn (tkm-aw) a[p-c-c-k-a-b-am-I tW.
""kpcy a[p-am AkvXp-''-kq-cy \ap-p-thn am[p-cy-
hm-\m-ItW. Kmhx \ am[zo-`-h-p--In-cW - - AYhm
Znp-I \app kpJ-Ic - --fm-ItW. ""kzkzmlm'' (C-
{Xbpw A-- tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb a{-p-tijw aqm-
as Dcp-fbpw `n--s. CXn-\p-tijw kq-amb
kmhn{Xn (Km-b- {Xo-a- {w) ""a[p- hm- XmE-Xm-btX'' CXymZn ka-
kvX-a-[p-a-Xo-a-{-fpw ""Al-ta-thZw kh-`q-bmkw'' (C-
sXmw Rm\m-bn-o-cpw) ""`q`qhmx kzmlm'' C{]-Imcw
]dp-sImv Ah-km\w apgp-h apw `n-nv Ic-
cpw ip-amn An-bpsS ]-a-`m-Kv ]qm-
`n-ap-J\mbn Ccn-p-p. {]`m-X-n ""Znim-ta-I] - p--co-
I-a-ky-lw.... `qbmkw'' Cu a{w hgn-bmbn BZn-Xys\
\a-kI v -cn- p-p. A\-cw t]mb am-nIqSn aS-n-
hv An-bpsS ]n-a -`m-K-n- cpv (C\n ]d-bp-)
hwis P]n-p-p.
37. D] XHmw- tl- X -a pZv Z meI Bcp- W nhm-P k
t\bmb bm-h-evIym-bm-t-hm-kn\ Dtzm
hmNm]n b G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn
tm- tb-c - R v i mJmx {]tc- tlbpx ]emi
\oXn.
N P
354
Dm- eI BcpWn Xs injy-\mb hmP- k- t\b bm- K
h- eI
v y\v an-s\- n D]-tZ-in-p-sImp ]d-n-cp-p--""B-
sc-nepw Cu av DW--a-c-n-sem-gn-p-Ib - m-W-n
AXn\nv imJ-If - pw, Ce-Ifpw ]pd-p-h-cpw.''
38. D] GXap sslh hmP-k-t\tbm bm-hev
tIym a[p-Imb ss]Mv Kym-bm-t-hm-k n\ DIv
tXzmhm-Nm]n b G\ HmwipjvtI mWu \n
j nt PvPmtb- c - R vi mJ mx {] tc m- t l bpx
]emim\o-X n.
hmP-k-t\b bm-h-eI v y Xs injy-\mb a[p-I-
ss]-MK v y\v Cu an-t\-n D]-tZiw \In-smp ]d-
p, ""Bsc-nepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-
t Hgn-p-I-bm-W-n AXn imJ-I-fpw, Ce- Ifpw apf-
p-h-cpw.''
39. D] GXap sslh a[pIx ss]MvKy-qem b
`mK-hn-tb f- thm-kn\ Dtzm-hmNm]n b
G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn-tm tbc-
RvimJmx {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\o-Xn.
a[p-Is
- s]-MK
v y Xs injy-\mb Nqe-hn-nv Cu
an-s\-n D]-tZiw \In-smv ]d-n-cpp ""Bsc-
nepw CXv imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-I-
bm-sW-n AXn imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw apf-p-hc- pw.''
40. D] GXap sslh Nqtem `mK-hn-nPm-\I
b Bb-kvXq-Wm-b--hm-kn\ Dtzm-hmNm]n
b G\- Hmw-i pjvtI mWu \njn-tm
tbc-RvimJm {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\oXn
Nqe-`m-K-hnn Xs injy-\mb Pm\In Bb- q-W\v
Cu an-s\-n D]-tZ-in-p-sImp ]d-n-cp-p. ""Bsc-
nepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-
I-bm-sW-n AXn\npw imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw s]mn-
h-f -cpw.''
41. D] GXap sslh Pm\-Io-cmb qWx kXy
Imamb Pmhm- e m- b m- t - h m- k n\ D t z-
hmNm]nb G\-Hmw-ipjvtI mWu \njn-t-
Pmtb cRvimJmx {]tcm-tlbpx ]em-im-\o-Xn.
Pm\In BbqW Xs injy-\mb Pmhm-et- \mSv
Cu an-t\-n D]-tZ-in-p-sImv ]d-n-cpp ""Bsc-
nepw CXns\ imJ-I apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-
I- b m-s W- n AXn\npw imJ- I - f pw, Ce- I fpw
s]mSnp hf-cpw.''
42. D] GXap sslh kXy-Imtam Pmhmtem f-
t hm- k n`y D tzm- h m- N m]n b G\ - H mw
ipjvtI mWu \njn-t-m-tb-c-RvimJmx
{] tcmtlbpx ]em-im-\oXn XtaXw \m]p-{Xmb
hm \t-hm-knt\ hm {_qbmXv
 355

I kXy-Im-a-Pm-_m-e Xs injy-mv Cu an-s\- 46. D] Xkym thZn-c q-]tm temam\n _ln K

n D]tZiw \Insmv ]d-n-cp-p. ""Bsc-nepw am- [ n- j - h tW k ant m a[ y- X k vX u
CXns\ inJ-c- apdn DW--a-c-n-t Hgn-p-I-bm- apjvIu k bmhm l ssh hmP-t]-tb\ bP-
sW-n AXn\npw imJ-Ifpw Ce-Ifpw Infn-p-h- am\ ky temtIm `hXn Xmhm-Kky temtIm
cpw.'' ]p{X-mtcm injy-mtcm Cm-- hv Cu an-s\- `hXnb Ghw hnZzm-\ - t [m- ] - l mkw Nc- X ym-
n D]-tZiw \Im-Xn-cn--s. kHmw kv{XoWmHmw kpIrXw hrvtX -f Y b
Cta-h nZzm\t[m-] -l mkw Nc-X ymky kv{Xnbx
43. D] NXp-c u-Zp-av_ tcm `h-X yu-Zp-av_cx D[va
kpIrXw hrPvP tX.
HuZp- a v_cym D]- a - \yu Zi {KmaymWn
[m\ym\n `hn {holn- b - h m- k v X n- e - a mjm kv{Xov D]-t{nb thZn-bp-v, Ahn-sS-bp tcma-
AWphnbMv K thm tKm[q- h m akq- c m Ipi-p-p-I-fm-Ip-p. tbm\n-bpsS a[y-`mKw In-
Jezm Jiv I - e m Xm ]njv T m Z[\n Pz-en-p An-bm-Ip-p. tbm\n-bpsS ]miz-`m-K-n
a[p\n LrX D]-kn--Xym-Pyky Pqtlm-Xn. D cp ItTm-c- amw-k-J--sf apjvIw Fp ]d-bp-
p. B cp apjv-fpw "A[n-j-hWw' F t]cn
Cu a Iw \mev An--Sn-I tNp-m-
{]kn--amb N-ab tkma-^-e-I-fm-Ip-p. hmP-t]m-
pp. An--Sn-sIm-p {khw, An--Sn-sIm- b- bw \S-p--Xp- sImv bP-am-\\v F{X-am{Xw ]pWy-
p Na-,v An--Sn-sIm-p C[vaw, An--Sn- temIw e`n-p-pthm AXp-t]m-se-Xs CXn\pw {]m]vX-
sIm-p cv ssXew Ch-bm-Ip-p. CXn [ym\w, am-Ip-p. Bsc-nepw Adn-p-sImv ssaYp-\m-N-cWw
bhw, Fv, Dgp-v, ISp-Iv, Xn\, tKmX-v, ]b-dv, IXn-cp, \S-p-p-thm, Ah Cu kv{XoI-fp-sS- ]p-Wys Ah-
apXnc Cu ]p {KmaoW [m\y- D]-bp--am-p-p. cp--am-p-p. bmsXm-cp- CX-dn-bp-n--tbm, Ah
Ch s]mSnv ssXcv, a[p, LrXw Ch-bn Ipgv LrX- ssaYp\w \S-p-I-bm-sW-n kv{XoIXs Ahs
tm-Sp-IqSn lh\w sNp-p. ]pWys Ah-cp--am-p-p.
47. D] FX kva ssh hnZzm-\p-`m-eI BcpWn
\memw {_m-Ww. cmssl-X kva ssh XZzn-Zzm-mtIm auZvKey
Bssl-X - kva ssh XZzn-Zzm Ipam-c-lm-cnX
44. D]x- Gjmw ssh `qXm\mw ]rYnho ckx Bl _lthm acym {_-Wm-b\m \ncn{nbm
]rYnhym Bt]m - f ]mtam-j-[b Hmj-[ o\mw hnkp- I rtXm - f kv a mtm- I mXv {]bn b
]p jv]mWn ]pjv] mWmw ^em\n ^em\mw CZahnZzm Hmw tkm -f t[m]-lmkw Nc-oXn
]pcpjx ]pcp-jky tcXx _lphm CZ-Hmw-k p-] vXky hm Pm{KtXm hm
Cu `qX--fpsS ckw `qan-bm-Ipp; `qan-bpsS ckw tcXx kvI-Xn.
Pe-am-Ip-p, Pe-ns ckw Huj-[n-I-fm-Ipp; Huj- \n-b-ambpw Cu ssaYp-\-Iw hmP-t]-b-b--k-
[n-I-fpsS ckw ]pjv]-am-Ipp; ]pjv]--fpsS ckw ^e- am\w k--am-sWv Adn-hp--h-\mb Acp-W\ - --\-\p-
-fm-Ipp; ^e--fpsS ckw (A-[m-cw) ]pcp-j-\m-Ip-p, m-e-I ]d-bp-p. CXns\ B cq]-n Adn-bp hrZvK-
]pcp-js ckw ip-am-Ip-p. e- ]p- {X \mI\pw AXp-Xs ]d- bp- p. AXp-t]mse ta]-
d cq]-n Adn-bp--h-\mb Ipam-c-knw-l-ap-\nbpw
45. -D-] k l {]Pm-]-Xn-co-mw-Nt{I lmkvssa
]d-bp-p. ac-W-[m--fmb \ma-am-{X-{ _m--W-cp- v.
{] Xnj vTm Ie v ] - b m- \ oX n k k v { X nbHmw
Ch \nc-{n-bcpw kpIr-X-lo-\cpw ssaYp-\-hn-m-\-
kkrtP XmHmw-k rzm[ D]mkvX XkvamXv
n A]-cn-Nn-X-cp-am-bn-cp-npw ssaYp-\-I- n
kv{Xnb-a[ D]m koX k GXw {]mw {Kmhm-
Bk-n-]qw {]hn-p-p, Ch ]c-tem-I-{`--cm-
W-am-\ Gh kap-Z-]m-c-b-t-ss\-\m-a-`y-kr-
bn-o-cp-p. `mcy EXp-a-Xn-bm-Ip--Xn\p apt-Xs Cu
PX
{]mtWm-]m-k-Is hocyw A[n-I-am-tbm, Aev]-amtbm Dd-
Cu hocys m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn Hcp tbmKy- - ntem AYhm Pm{K- ntem hoWp-t]m-Ip-p. (F- n
amb m\s Rm krnpw Fv kp{]-kn--\mb Ah Xmsg-]-d-bp {]mb-nw A\p-jT v n--Ww)
{]Pm]Xn hnNm-cn-p. AXn-\m kv{XnbpsS krn \S-n.
48. D] XZ-`n-ar-ti-Z\p hm a{-tbX btZy tcXx
Ahsf krn-nv Atlw Ah-fpsS At[m-`m-Kv D]m-
]rYn-ho-a -k vIm- oZv btZm-] -[ o-c-] y-k-c ZvbZ]x
k\ \S-n. (ssa-Yp-\I - - n-\p kwhn-[m-\w)-A-Xn- CZ-alw Xt{ZX BZtZ ]p\am-s saXzn{nbw
\m kv{XobpsS At[m-`m-Ks D]m-kn--s. {]Pm-]Xn ]p\xkv tXPx ]p\`-K x, ]p\- c - n[njybm
DXvIr--K-Xn-io-e- amb {]kvX-c-J--k-Zr-i-amb inivt\- {n- bYm- m\w Iev] - m- an-X y- \ m-an-I m-MvKpjvTm
bs (kr-n-n-v) kv{XobpsS (tbm-\n-bp-sS) t\sc t{]cn- Zzmam- Z m- b m- - t cW kv X \u hm {`qhu hm
n-p. AXp-sIm-v Cu kv{Xobp-ambn kw \S-n. \narPymXv.
N P

I B hocys Icw-sImp kv]inv A`n-a-{Ww
sN-Ww--kv]in-p ka-bv C{]-Imcw ]d-bW - w--
""Cv Fs hocyw kvJen-X-amb `qan-bn ]Xn-n-cn-pp;
AXv ]v Nne-tm A- nepw ]Xn-n-cpp; AXv Pe-
nepw ]Xn- n-cp- p. Cu hocys Rm kzoI-cn-p-p.''
C{]-Imcw ]dv A\m-an-Is - Imtm AwKp-jT
v -sImtm
B hocys kzoI-cnv m\--fntem AYhm ]pcn-I-
-fpsS a[y-ntem tN-Ww. Cs\ tNp
kabw C{]-Imcw ]d-b-Ww. ""kvIen-X-amb Fs C{nbw
hopw Fn-tep Xncn-p-h-c-tW. F\np hopw
tXPpw ku`m-Ky-{]m-]vXnbpw Dm-It- W. An-Xs
bmsXm-ns m\-am-bn-cn-p-p-thm, B tZh-KWw
Fs ico-c - n B hocys bYm-m-\v m]n-
-tW.''
49. D] AY bZyp-ZI Bm\w ]tiy--Z-`n-a{
tbX abn tXP C{nbw btim {Zhn-W-Hmw-kpIr
XanXn {iol hm Gjm kv{XoWmw b-temZzm
km]v X - k v a m- - t em- Z zm- k kw bi- k zo- \ o- a - ` n-
{Ithym ]a-{ -t bX
Ftm-sg-nepw A_-- n hocyw Pe-n kvJen-
p-ho-gp ka-bw, AhnsS Xs Ombsb t\mp-tm,
B Pes C{]-Imcw A`n-a-{Ww sNWw- ""tZh-KWw
Fn tXP-n-t\-bpw, C{n-bt- bpw b-n-t\-bpw,
[\-t-bpw, kXvI- tbpw m]n--sW.'' (A-Xn-\p-
tijw Ah-cpsS K`-n ]p{X P\n--W-tam, B
]Xv\nsb C{]-Imcw kvXpXn--Ww) ""Fs Cu ]Xv\n
temI-nse Fm kv{XoI-fn-epw-hv evao-kz-cq-]-bm-Ip-
p, Fp-sIm-s-m Ch-fpsS hkv{X- n cP-kz-e-
ns Nnw kv]-ambn ImW-s-Sp-p.'' A\-cw cP-
kzbpw bi-kz-\n-bp-amb ]Xv\n(aqp cm{Xn-Ip-tijw
kv\m\w Ign-bp-tm)bpsS ASp-sNp ]d-b-Ww
(Cp \app cp-t]pw ]pt{Xm-n-p Iw
A\p- jT v n-mw.)
50. D] km tNZkvssa \ ZZymXv Ima-ta-\m-a]
IoWn-bmXv km tNZkvssa ss\h ZZymXv Im
ata\mw bym hm ]mWn\m thm]-l -X ymXn
{Imta-Zn-{n-tbW tX bikm bi BZZ CXy
bim Gh `h-Xn.
`mcy `m-hns\ ssaYp\w \S-p-hm A\p-h-Zn-p-
n-s-n, ]Xn Ahsf Ahn--ap hkv{X- -fpw,
B`-c-W-fpw \In Ah-tfm-Sp t{]aw {]I-S-am--Ww.
CXp-sImpw Ah Ah\v ssaYp-\-n Ah-kcw
\Ip-n-s-n B ]Xn Ahsf Zn-p-sap `b-s-
Spn Ah-fp-ambn _emk-am-Kaw \S--Ww. AXpw
kw`- h y- a - s - n Rm \ns i ]nv Zp`K(h-
y)bmpw Fp ]dv Ah-fpsS ASp-sNv
""Rm Fs bi-kz-cq-]a - mb C{n-b
- m \ns bi-
ns\ Xn-sb-Sp-pp'' Cu a{w D-cn--s. C{]-Imcw
N P
356
im]w \In--gn-m Ah Ab-i-kz\n (h-ytbm K
Zp`-K-tbm) Bhp-I-Xs sNp-p.
51. D] km tNZkvssa ZZym-Zn-{n-tbW tX bi
km bi BZ-[m-aoXn bi-kzn-\m-th] `hXnx
B ]Xv\n B ]Xnv ssaYp-\-n-\p Ah-kcw
\Ip-I-bm-sW-n Ahsf Bioh-Zn-p-sImv C{]-
Imcw ]d-bWw- ""Rm Fs btim-cq-]-amb C{nbw hgn-
bmbn \nn bi-n-s\-Xs m]n-p-p'', Atm
B Z-Xn-I bi-kzn-I-fm-bn-o-cp-p.
52. D] k bman-tXv Ima-tbX taXn X kymaY
\ nj vTmb aptJ \ apJ Hmw k w [ mtbm - f
] ak ym A` n- a r iy Pt]- Z - M v K - Z - P vKmXv
kw`hkn lrZ- b m- Z -[ n-P m-b - t k, k Xza- M vK -
Ijmtbm f- kn ZnKv[-hn-m-anh amZ-tb-am-aapw
abo- Xn.
B ]pcp- j Xs ]Xv\nsb kw_-nv Ah Xs
AXy-[n-I-ambn C-s-SWw Fm-{K-ln-p-s-n Ah-
fpsS tbm\n- bn Xs P\-t\- {nbw IS-n-bnv Xs apJ-
tmSv Ah-fpsS apJs tNv Ah-fpsS D]--`m-
Ks kv]in- psImv C{]-Imcw a{w P]n- - Ww- ""tl
hocyta! \o Fs {]tXy-I-amb Ah-b-h-nIqSn {]Xy-
-am-Iq. hnti-jnpw lrZ-b-n\npw \mUn-I hgn-
bmbn \ns {]mZp`mhw Dm-Ip-p. \o Fs Ah-b-h-
ns ck-am-Ip-p. hnjw-]p-c-nb Ap-sIm-p apdn-
th lcnWn aqOn-X-bm-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]mse \o Fs
Cu ]Xv\nsb F\n-p-thn D--bm-q. Chsf F\n-
-[o-\-bm-q.''
53. D] AY bman-t K` Z[n-tXXn X kymaY
\njvTmb aptJ\ apJHmw kw[m-bman {]mWym-
]m-\ym-Zn-{n-tbW tX tcXkm tcX BZZ CXy-
tcXm Gh `hXn.
Xs `mcy-bpsS hnj-b-n Ah K`w [cn-m-Xn-
cn-s Fm-{K-ln-p-p-s- n AhfpsS tbm\n-bn
Xs P\-t\-{n-bs IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJ-tmSv
Xs apJhpw tNp A`n-{]m-W-\-Iw \S-n-bnv
A]m-\-\-{Inb \S--Ww. A\-cw C{]-Imcw ]d-bWw:
""C{n-b-cq-]-amb hocyw-h-gn-bmbn Rm \ns tcX-ns\
kzoI-cn-p-p.'' Ans\ sNbvXm Ah tctXm lo\-
bmbn `hn-p-p--K`n-Wn-bm-Ip-n-.
54. D] AY bman- t Zv Z[o- t XXn Xkym- a Y
\njvTmb aptJ\ apJHmw kw[m-bm-]m-\ym-`n{]m
WymZn-{n-tbW tX tcXkm tcX AZ-[ m-aoXn
K`n-tWyh `h-Xn.
]pcp-j Xs ]Xv\n K`-hX- n-bm-IWw Fm-{K-ln-
p-tm Ah Ah- fpsS tbm\n- bn Xs P\- t\-{nbw
IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJ-tmSp apJw tNv BZyw

I A]m-\-\-{Inb \S-n-bX- n-\p-tijw A`n-{]m-W\- -Iw
sNbvXnp ]d-bWw ""Rm C{n-bc - q-]-am-Ip hocyw-h-gn-
bmbn \ns tcX-ns\ B[mcw sNp-p.'' C{]-Imcw
sNp--Xp-sImv Ah K`-h-Xn-bm-Ip-p. ]pcp-j
Xs inivt\-{nbw hgn kv{XobpsS tbm\n-bn bmsXmcp
hmbp-hns\ {]hn--am- ptm AXns\ A`n-{]m-W\ Iw
Fp ]d-bp-p. Ah kzw inivt\-{n-bs ]pdv
sImp-hv B hmbp-hns\ ]pd-tp If-bp--Xns\
A]m-\-\-Iw Fp ]d-bp-p.
55. D] AY bky Pmbmssb Pmcx kymw tNZv
Zznjym-Zm-a-amt{X -f nap-]-ka
- m-[mb {]Xn-tema
Hmw ic-_-ln-kvXoXzm Xkvan-tXmx ic-`rox
{] X o- t e mamx k hn- j m m Pql pbm a
kant -f lujox {]mWm-] m\u X BZtZ f-
kmhnXn aa kant - f lujox ]p{X- ] - i q-
HmwkvX BZtZ f- kmhnXn aa kant -f lujo-
cnm kpIrtX - f X BZtZ - f kmhnXn aa
kant f- lujocm-im-]-cm-Imiu X BZtZ f-
kmhnXn k hm Gj \ncn-{ntbm hnkp-IrtXm
-f kvatm-ImXv ss{]Xn btah hnZv {_mWx
i]Xn Xkva mtZhwhnt{m- {Xn- b ky ZmtcW
t\m]-lm-kantZpX tlymhw-hnXv ]tcm `hXn.
GsXmcp Krl--hn-Zzms ]Xv\nv GsX-nepw Pmc-
]p-cp- j-\pam kw_--ap-tm, B ]Xn B Pmcs\ tZzj-`m-
h-tm-Sp-IqSn Zn-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-pp Fn Ah
]-bmb a]m-{X-n (]--`q-kw-kvIm-c-]q-Iw)
Ansb m]nv hn]- co-X- {I-a- tm-Sp- IqSn AXm-bXv Zn-
Wm-{K-`m-h- tmtSm ]n- am- {K- `m- h-tmtSmIqSn thgm-pp
hncnv Ah-bpsS _mWm-Im-c-amb ap\-I s\n apn
Ah-bpsS A{K-`m-Ks hn]- coX Znp- I-fn- tebvphv B
An-bn \mem-lq-Xn-I \S--Ww-B Blq-Xn-I-fpsS
a{w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p ""aa-k-antf- lu jnx {]mWm-]m-
\uX BZtZ'' ""tl! bu- \m- Zn-I- fm {]Im- in- X- bmb Fs
]Xv\o-cq-]-amb Ip A-bn \o hocys BlqXn
sNbvXn-cn-pp; AXn-\m Rm \obm-Ip A]-cm-[-
bpsS {]mW-t\-bpw, A]m-\- t\bpw hen-s- Sp-p-p.'' \mep
a{- -fp-tSbpw Aw Hp-X-s. BZy-t-Xn i{Xp-
hns {]mW-t\-bpw A]m-\-t\bpw cm-a-t-Xn ]p{X-
m-scbpw arK--tf-bpw aqm-a-t-Xn b-tbpw
]pWy-tbpw \mem-a-t-Xn {]m-\-tbbpw {]Xn-
m-]qn-bpsS {]Xo--tbbpw A]-l-cn-p Imcyw
]d-bs - -n-cn-p-p. (Cu a{w ]d-nv "^Sv' Fp
i_vZnv BZym-lpXn \Is (B-lq-Xn-bpsS Ah-km-\w)
""Aku aa i{Xpx'' C{]-Imcw ]dv i{Xp-hns t]cp--
cn--Ww. ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ""aa-k-hntf - lujnx ]p{Xmiq-
kvX- B-ZtZ'' Cu a{w Dcp-hnv cm- as BlqXn \Ip-
Ibpw Ah-km\w "Aku' Fp--cnv i{Xp-hns \maw
]d-bW - w. CXp-t]mse Xs ""aa-k-ant f- lujn-cnm
kpIr-tXX BZtZ'' Cu a{w D-cn-p-sImv \mem-as
N P
357
BlpXn \S-p-Ibpw Ah-km-\ - n "Aku' Fp-- K
cnv i{Xp-hns \maw ]d- bp- Ibpw AXp-t]mse ""aa- k-ant
f- lujo-cm-im-]-cm-Imiu X AZtZ'' Cu a{w D-cn-p-
sImv \mem-am-lpXn \Ip-Ibpw apt]mse "Aku'
Fp--cn tijw i{Xp-hns \maw ]d-b-Ww. C{]-Imcw
a-Is Adn-bp--h-\mb {]mW-Zin-bmb hnZzm
{_-W Bsc i]n-p-pthm Ah C{n-b-c- ln-X\pw
]pWy-lo-\-\p-ambn Cu temI- tmSp bm{X- ]-d-bp-p. AXn-
\m ]c-k{v Xo-K-a-\-ns `b--c-amb Cu ]cn-Wm-as
Adn-bp ]pcp-j bmsXmcp t{im{Xo- bs ]Xv\n-bp-ambn
kam-K-an-p kwKXn Xs Fv? ]cn-lm-ks Cn-
m-Xn-cn-- s. Fp-sIm-s- m ta-d B`n-Nm-c-
Is Adn-bp t{im{Xo- b Ahs i{Xp-hm-bn-o-
cp-p.
56. D] AY bky Pmbm-amXhw hntXv Xylw
IHmwtk \ ]nt_- Z - l X- h mkm ss\\mw
hrjtem \ hrj-e yp-] -l -\ ymXv {Xocm-{Xm
B]veqXy {holo-\-h-[ m-X -tbXv
bmsXm-cp-s ]Xv\nsb EXp-hm-Ip-pthm Ah
aqp Znhkw hsc Hmp- ]m-{X--fn `n-m-Xn-cn- p- Ibpw
\memw Znhkw kv\m\w \S-n-b- tijw Iodm-Xpw ip-
hp-amb hkv{Xw [cn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. Ahsf GsX-
nepw iq{Z-Pm-Xn-bns kv{Xotbm ]pcp-jt\m kv]in-
m-Xn-cn--Ww. cP-kz-e-bmb B \mcn aqp Znhkw
Ignv kv\m\w Ignphcp- tm Ahsf [m\yw s]mSn-
p tPmen-bn Gs-Sp--Ww.
57. D] k b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta iptm PmtbX
thZ- a - \ p- { _ p- h oX k h- a m- b p- c n- b m- Z nX n
ocuZ\w ]m]-bnXzm k]n-]va--a-iv\o-bm-Xm-
aoizcu P\-bn-Xssh.
Fs ]p{X iq-h-tm-Sp-Iq- Sn-b-h-\m-Issbv
bmsXm-cp- B{K-ln- p-pthm Ah Hcp thZw Ay-
b\w sNp-Ibpw \qdp hjw hsc Pohn-n-cp-mepw B
Imev B cv `mcym-`m--mcpw ]mepw Acn-bpw-
IqSn ]mI-s-Sp-nb ]mb-k -ap-m-pIbpw AXn
s\bvtNv `n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. CXn-\m Ah
D]-cyp--amb tbmKy-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]p{Xs\ Dm-Zn-n-
p-Xn ka-cm-Ip-p.
58. D] AY b CtX v ]pt{Xm ta I] nex
]nMv K tem PmtbX Zzu thZm- h - \ p- { _q-h oX
kh ambp-c n-b m- ZnXn Zt[ym-ZXw ]mN- b nXzm
k]njvam-a-iv\o-bm-Xm-ho-izcu P\-bn-Xssh.
bmsXm-cp- Xs ]p{X I]n-eh - -tmtSm
]nMvK- e-h- tmtSm IqSn-b- h-\m-IWw Fv B{K- ln-p-
s-n Ah cp thZ- Ay-b\w sNp-Ibpw
]q- ambn \qdp kwh-cw hsc Pohn-n-cp-mepw Ah
ssXcn tNmdp ]mIw-sNbvXv AXn s\v tNv `n-
 358

I -Ww. AtXm-Sp-IqSn A{]-Im-c-ap ]p{Xs\ P\n-n-p-- hnizmtkm f- \yman {]]qhy kw Pmbmw K

Xn Ah ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p. ]Xym ktlXn.
59. D] AY b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta iymtam tem AXn-\p-tijw \memw-Zn-hkw {]`m-nXs (k-
l nX mt m PmtbX {Xo thZ- \ - \ p- { _p- ymZn Im-\p-jT v m-\- \S- n-bn-v) ]Xv\n CSn-p-s]m-
hoXkh-am-b p- c n-b m-Zn-X yp-Zu- Z\w ]mN- b nXzm Sn Acn-sImv meo-]m-I-hn-[n-bm s\bvsImv
k]njva -iv\o-bm-Xm- ao-izcu P\-bn-Xssh. kwkvI-cn Nmcp-]mIw sNbvXp kwkvI-cnv meo-]m-
Im-W-n\npw Aev]m-ev]-ambn FSpv {][m\ Blq-
Xs ]p{X iyma-h-\pw, Acp-W\ - -b-\\pw BI-
Xn-I \I-Ww. Ah-bpsS a{- C{]-Im-c-am-Wv
W-sav bmsXm-cp--X B{K-ln- p-p-thm, Ah aqp-
""An-tb-kzm-lm, A\p-a-X-tb-kzmlm tZhmb khnt{X
th-Z- Ay-b\w sNp-I-bpw, ]qamb \qdp kwh-
kXy-{]-k-hmb kzmlm'' C{]-Imcw BlqXn \In-bnv
-c-mew Pohn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw Ah\pw Ahs
""kzn-IrXv'' tlmaw \Sn men- bn _mn-bp Nmcp-
`mcybpw Pe-n am{Xw Acn ]mIw sNbvXv tNmdmn
hns\ Hcp ]m{X-n-emn AXn s\pw tNv BZyw
AXn s\v tNv `n--Ww. AXp-sImv D-tbm-
]Xn AXp `n-p-p. A\-cw AXnse DOn-s
Ky-X- It- fm-Sp-IqSn ]p{X-msc Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xn Ah
Xs ]Xv\np \Ip-p. XZ-\-cw Imepw ssIpw
ka-cm-bn-o-cpw.
IgpIn ip-amn Pe-]m{Xw \ndv B Pe-m Xs
60. D] AY N CtOZv ZplnXm ta ]mnXm Pm ]Xv\nsb aqp {]mhiyw A`n-tjIw sN-Ww. A`n-tj-
tbX kh-am-bp-cn-bm-ZnXn Xneu-Z\w ]m]-bnXzm I-a{w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p- ""-D-n-jvTm-tXm-hn-]m-htkm -f
k]n-jva--a-iv\o-bm-\m-ao-izcu P\-bnX ssh. \yman-{- ]-hqhym-kw-Pmbmw ]Xym-kl.''
Xs ]p{Xn hnZp-jn-bpw, ]qambn \qdp kwh--cw- 63. D] AssY-\ m-a-` n-] -ZytX -f taml-akvan km
hsc Pohn-p--h-fp-am-IWw Fv bmsXm-cp- B{K- Xz Hmw km Xza-k ytam -f lw kmam-l -akva n
ln-p-p- thm, Ah\pw Ahs `mcybpw Fpw, Acnbpw EIv Xzw Zyuclw ]rYnho Xzw Xmthln
Iqn Jncn ]mIw sNbvXv AXn s\pw tNp `n- kHmwt`m hssl kl tctXm Z[m- h ssl
-Ww. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ah D-tbm-Ky-X-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pHmwtk ]p{Xm b hnX CXnx
I\y-Ibvv Pw \Ip-hm ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p.
XZ-\ - cw ]Xn Xs Cm-\ p-k -c Ww ]Xv\ nsb
61. D] AY b CtXv ]pt{Xm ta ]ntXm ]mbkw apX-emb t`mP-\ - Ign-nv ib-\-Im-e-n
hnloXx kan-Xnw-Kax ip{iq-jnXw hmNw `mjnXm ""Atam -f lakv]n'' CXymZn a{- Dcp-hnpsImv
PmtbX khm thZm-\-\p-{_p-hoX kh-am- Ahsf Benw-K\w sNWw (B a{-ns Bi-bw
bp-cn-bm-ZnXn aHmw kuZ\w ]mN-bnXzm k]n- ""tZho Rm {]mW-\m-Ipp \o hmm-Ip-p, \o hmm-
j va- - a - i v\ o- b m- X m- a o- i zc u P\ - b n- X hm
Ip-p, Rm {]mW-\m-Ipp; Rm kma-am-Ip-p, \o EX-
HutW hmj-t`W hm. am-Ip-p, Rm BIm-i-am-Ip-p, \o ]rYzn-bm-Ipp; AXn-
Xs ]p{X {]Jym-X- ]-n-X-\pw, hnZzk-Z-p-I-fn \m hcq, Z-Xn-I-fmb \app ]c-kv]cw Benw-K\w
\n`bw {]th-in-p--h-\pw, {ih-W-a-[p-c- amb i_vZ-tm- sNmw, Hcp ka-bv tcX-kns\ [mcWw sNmw, Xqew
Sp-Iq- bn-h-\p- am-bn-cn-Ww Fv bmsXm-cp- B{K-ln- p- \apv ]pcp- j- Xz- m hnin- -\mb ]p{X-em`w Dm- I- s.'')
pthm Ah\v Fm thZ- fpw Ay-b\w sNbvXp- sImv 64. D] AYmkym Ducp ]nlm-]-bXn hnPnloYmw
]q-ambn \qdp kwh-cw hsc Pohn-n-cn-p-Ibpw Zymhm- ] r- Y nho CXn Xkym- a Y \njv T mb
sNbvXv B ]pcp-j\pw Ahs ]Xv\nbpw Huj-[n-I-fpsS aptJ\ apJ-Hmw-kw-[mb {Xntc-\m-a-\p-tem-am-a-\p-
sImgppw Acnbpw IqSn ]mIw sNbvXv AXn s\pw amnhn-jvWt- cym\nw Iev]-b-Xp-Xzm cq]mWn
tNv `n--Ww. AXp-sImv ta]-d tbmKy-X- ]nHmwi-X p, Bkn- Xp {]Pm-]-Xn-[mXm K`
I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]p{X-mv Pw \Ip--Xn Ah Z[mXp tX, K` t[ln kn\o- h men K`
ka-cm-bn-o-cp-p. t[ln]rYp-p-tI, K` tX Aizn\u tZhm-hm-
62. D] AYm-`n-{]m-X-tch meo-]m-Im-hr-XmPyw [mw ]pjvI c-{k-Pu.
tNnXzm meo-]m-I-tkym-]-[mXw PqtlmXy AXn-\p-tijw ]Xv\n-bpsS XpS-Isf ]c-kv]cw AI--
tb k zmlm- \ p- a - X tb k zml m tZhmb s. (B kabw Cu a{w Dcp-hn-S-Ww) ""hnPn-lo-Ymw-Zym-
khnt{X kXy-{]-k -h mb kzmtlXn lqtXzm hm- ]r-Ynho CXn'' (tl Ducp- kz-cq- ]-amb BIm-ita! `qantb
rXy {]miv\ mXn {]mtiy-X -c kymx {]b- Xn \n cpw AIpXcp-hn) CXn\p tijw ]Xv\n- bpsS
{] me y ] mW o D Z- ] m{X w ] pc - b nX zm tbm\n-bn Xs P\-t\-{nbw IS-n-bnv Ah-fpsS apJ-
tX s s \ \ mw {X nc - ` yp- - X yp- n- j vTmtX m tmSv apJw tNv A\p-tema {Ia-n Ah-fpsS

N P

I icocw apgph aqp-hw Xtem-S-s. Xtem-Sp kabw
""hnjvWtbm\n Iev]-bXp'' CXymZn a{- Dcp-hn-S-s-
-A-Xns Bibw "{]ntb! kh hym]n-bmb `K-hm
hnjvWp \ns P\-t\-{n-bs ]pt{Xm-ev]-nbvv
ka-am- -s. `K-hm kqcy \ns AwK-hn- `m-K- sf
]phpw Zi-\o-b- hp-am--s. hncmSv ]pcp-j- \mb {]Pm- ]Xn
Ftm-Sp-IqSn A_n--cq-]-n nXn sNbvXv \nn
hocys B[m\w sN-s. `K-hm [mXmhv Ftm-Sp-
IqSn A`n--`m-h- n nX-\mbn \ns K`s [mc-
Whpw t]mj-Whpw sN-s. tZho, bmsXm-cpn ]cn-
]qW-ambn kvXpXn--s-Sp-p-thm, B kn\o-hmen(A-am-
hm-ky)\obm-Ip-p. \o Cu K`w [mcWw sNq, [mcWw
sNq. tZh-m- cmb Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m (kq-cy\pw N{-\pw)
X-fpsS Inc-W- cq-]-am-Ip Ia-e-am-e-[- cnv Ftm-Sp-IqSn
A`n--cq-]-n nX-cmbn \nn K`s B[m\w
sN-s.'
65. D]- - l n- c - bo AcWo b`ymw \na- Xm
ai zn\ u X w tX K ` l hm- a tl Zi ta
hmknkqX- tb, bYm- n-K `m ]rYnho bYm
Zyucnt{W K`n-Wo, hmbpZnimw XYm K`
Ghw K` Z[man tX -f kmhnXn.
{]mNo-\-Im-ev tPymXna-bn-bmb AcpWn Dm-bn-cp-
p, AXp-sImv Aizn-\n-Ip-am-c-m aY\w \S-n. B
aY-\-n\npw Aar-X-cq-]-amb K`w {]I-S-am-bn. AtX
Aar-X-cq-]-amb K`s \mw \ns Ipn-bn m]n-
p-p. AXn-\m \o AXns\ ]mw-am-k-n {]k-hn-
-s, F{]-Imcw `qan-bpsS K`w An-bm-Ip-p-thm, F{]-
Imcw kzo-b-`qan C{-\m K`-h-Xn-bm-Ip-p-thm, F{]-
Imcw Znp-I-fpsS K`w hmbp-hm- Ip-p-thm, AtX-{]-Imcw
Rm \nn ]p{X-cq-]-amb K`s m]n-p-p.
66. D] tkmjy- o-a-Zv` n-c -` yp- -X n, bYm hmbp
]pjvI-c -WoHmw kan-MvK-bXn khXx, Ghm tX
K` GPXp klm-sshXp Pcm-bp-Wm, C{kymbw
{]Px IrXx kmKex k]-cn-{ibx, Xan{ \nPln
Kt`W kmh-cHmw ktl-Xn.
{]k-h-Im-e-n {]k-hn-p kv{Xobp-sS-ta ""bYm-
hmbpx....'' CXymZn a{w Dcp-h nv Pew Xfn-- s. a-
{mw--hmbp Ipf-nse Pes Fm `mK- p-\npw
N-e-am-p- -Xp-t]mse \ns K`w AXns m\-p-
\np Nen-p-Ibpw Pcm-bp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn shfn-bn hcn-
I-bpw sN-s. {]kvXpXn hmbp-hn-\p-thn Cu tbm\o-
cq-]-amb amw \nan--am-Ip-p. AXv K`-th-jT v - \-tm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-p. C{! ({]k-hh
- mbp!) B am-n
Fn K`-tmSpw amwk-t]-in-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-tbvp
hm-epw.
67. D] PmtX f- nap-]-ka - m-[m-bmMvI B[m-bI
Hmwtk ]rj- Z m- P yHmw kw\ob ]rj- Z m- P y-
N P
359
tkym] LmXw Pqtlm- X y- k v a n kl{kw K
]pjym- k -ta[ am\x tkz Krtl, Atkym- ] -
kymw am ssOoXv {]Pbm N ]ip-` n
k zmlm abn{] mW m Hmw kvX zbn a\k m
Pqtlman kzmlmbXv IWm Xyco-cnNw bZv
hm \yq\- a nlmIcw, An- j q- k v X zn- - I rZv
hnZzm kzn Hmw kplpXw ItcmXp \x
kzmtlXn.
]p{X P\n- p-I-gn-b p-tm ]nXmhv Ahs\ aSn-
bnshv Ansb {]Xn-jvTnv Hmp-]m-{X-n ssXcp
tN s\smgnv AXns Aev]m-ev]a - mb Awiw
FSpv ""A-kvan kl{kw'' CXymZn a{--tfm-Sp-IqSn
An-bn BlqXn \I-s. B a{mw--"Fs Cu
`h-\-n ]p{X-cq-]-tm-Sp-IqSn hrnsb {]m]nv Rm
kl{kw a\p-jy-cpsS GI-am{X-amb t]mj-W-Im-hm-
bn-o-c-s. Fs Cu ]p-{Xs k-Xn-Iv {]P-I-tfm-
Spw, arK- -tfmSpw IqSn k-ns Ipdhv Hcn- epw Dm-
Im-Xn-c n--s--kzm-lm. Rm\m-Ip ]nXm-hn bmsXmcp
{]mW Dtm, B {]mWs\ \obm-Ip ]p{X- \n ]p-
a-\-tm- Sp-IqSn Rm tlman- p-p--kzm-lm. Rm sNbvXn-
cn-p {][m\ ItfmSp-IqSn bmsXmv A[n-I- ambn
sNbvXn-cn-p-p-thm, Bh-iy-amb I--fn bmsXmv
Ipdhv hcp-n-bn-cp-p-thm, R-fpsS B Is
m\n-bmb An-tZ-h ]cn-l-cn--s kzmlm.'
68. D] AYmky ZnWw IW-a-`n-\n-[mb hmKv
hmKnXn {XncY Z[n a[p LrX-Hmw-kw\obm\-
ln-tX\ PmX-c q-t]W {]mi-b-X n, `qkvtX
Z[man `phkvtX Z[man kzkvtX Z[man `q`qhx
kzx kh Xzbn Z[m-ao-Xn.
tlmam-\-cw ]nXmhv inip-hns he-p-sNhn Xs
apJ-tm-Sp-tNv "hmIv, hmIv, hmIv' C{]-Imcw aqp
{]mhiyw ]d-b-s. AXn-\p-tijw ssXcv, tX, s\v Ch
Hmn hnip--amb kz--bn-en tImcn-sb-Spv
_me-Is\ cpNn-n-s (B kabw Cu \mep a{- fpw
Dcp-hn-S-s) ""`qkvtX-Z-[m-an, `qh-kvtX-Z-[m-an, kzt-Z-[m-an,
`q`qhx kzx kh-Xzbo Z[man.''
69. D] AYmky \ma ItcmXn thtZm -f koXn
XZky XZ Kply-tah \ma `hXn.
AXn-\p-tijw _me\p \ma-Ic- Ww sN-s. "\o thZ-
am-Ip-p.' thZw Xs Cu _me-Is Kp]vX- \m-a-am-bn-o-
c-s.
70. D] AssY\w amt{X {]Zmb kvX\w {]b-OXn
bkv tX kvX \x iitbm tbm atbm-a qtcym
cXv\[m hkp-hnZyx kpZ{Xx tb\ hnizm -]p-
jyknhmcymWn kc-kzXn Xanl [mXth Icn-
Xn.
 360

I AXn-\p-tijw Cu _me-Is\ amXm-hns aSn-bn IS- kz-kX v o-]p-{X- \n\n-pw, Hu]-kz-kX K

v o-]p-{X ]cm-i-co-]p-
n-bnv ""bkvtX-kXv \x'' CXymZn a{- P]n-p-sIm-v {X-\n\n- pw, ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X ImXym-b-\o-]p-{X-\n\n-
ape-bq--s. a{-ns Bi-bw-tl kc-kzXn! \ns pw, ImXym-b\ - o-]p-{X Iuin-I-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, Iuin-
oc-ns `m-c-amb Cu kvX\w A-b-hpw, t]mj- I- ]p-{X Bew- _o- ]p-{X-\n \npw, sshbm-{L-]- Zo- ]p-{X
Wm-[m-c-hp-am-Ipp; AXv cXv\--fpsS J\n-bpw, kq- IWzo-]p-{X-\n\npw, IWzo-]p-{X Im]o-]p-{X-\n\n-
amb [\-cm-in- bpsS mXm-hpw, DZm-c-amb Zm\nbpw BIp- pw, Im]o-]p-{X.
p. AXp-t]mse bmsXm- p-h- gn-bmbn \o ka-kvX-h-c- Wob
73. D] Bt{X-bo-]p-{Xm-Zm-t{X-bo-]pt{Xm KuX-ao]p
]Zm--tfbpw t]mjn-n-p-p-thm, Cu k]p-{Xs
{XmZv KuX-ao-]pt{Xm `mc-Zzm-Po-]p-{XmZv `mc-ZzmPo
Poh-k-m- c-Wmw B kvX\s tZhn Fs `mcy-bpsS
]p{Xx ]mcm- i - c o- ] p- { XmZv ]mcm- i - c o- ] pt{Xm
ico-c-n {]Xn-jT v nv B inip-hns hmbn sImSp-p-
hmo ]p{XmZv hmo-]p{Xx ]mcm-i-co-]p-{XmZv
hm-\-\p-h-Zn-tW.
]mcm-i-co- ]pt{Xm hmIm-cp-Wo-]p-{XmXv hmIm-
71. D] AYmky amX- c - a -` n- a - {- b - tX, Cemkn cp-Wo-]pt{Xm hmIm-cp-W o-] p-{ Xm-XzmIm-cp-W o-
ssa{Xm-h -cpWo hotc hoc-a-Po-P-\-Xv, km Xzw ]p{Xx BX`m Ko]p- { Xm- Z mX- ` mKo ]p{Xx
hoc-hXo `h bmkvam hoc-htXm f- Ic-Zn-Xn, iuwKo-] p-{Xm- u-MvKo]p {Xx kmwkvI r-X o-] p-
Xw hm GX-am-l p-c -X n-] nXm hmXm-` q-c -X n-] n-X m- {XmXv kmwkvIr-Xo-]p{Xw Beav _mb-\o-]p{Xm
atlm hmXm`qx ]camw _X ImjvTmw {]m]- Zme-a v_ m-b - \ o-] p{X Beav_ o]p{Xm- Zm-e - av_ o-
Onbm bikm {_-hN-tk\ b Ghm-hntZm ]pt{Xm Pmb-o-]p-{Xm-m-bo]pt{Xm amq-
{_mWky ]pt{Xm PmbX CXn. Im-b-\ o-]p-{Xm-- q-Imb\o]pt{Xm amq-Io-
AXn- \p-tijw _mes amXm-hns\ C{]-Imcw "Cemkn'
]p-{Xm-m- p-I n-]p{Xximneo-]p-{Xm-Om- n-
eo-] pt{Xm cmYo-X co]p{XmZv cmYo-X -c o-] pt{Xm
CXymZn a{- fm A`n-a-{n-X-bm--s. Cu a{- ns
`mep- I o- ] p- { XmZv `mepIo]p{Xx {Iu- I o-] p-
Bi-bw-tl tZho! \o Xs kvXpXyl-bpw, ssa{Xm-h-cp-
{Xm`ymw {Iu-I o-] p{Xu sshZ`rXo-] p-{XmZv
Wnbpw (A-cp--Xn) BIp-p. hotc \o hoc-]p-{X\p Pw
sshZ-`r-Xo-]p{Xx Imi-tI-bo-]p{XmXv Imi-tI-
\In \s hoc-]p-{Xs ]nXm-hm-n-bn-cn-pp; AXn-
bo-] p{Xx {]mNo-t\m-b-Ko-]p-{XmXv {]mNo-\ -tbm-
\m \o hc-h-Xn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Cu _mes\ t\mn ap-
Kn-]p{Xx kmRvPo-ho-]p-{XmXv kmRvPoho-]p{Xx
-h ""\o hmkvX-h-n ]nXm-hn-t\-m aptmp
{]miv\ o-] p-{Xm-Zm-k p-c o-h m-k n\x {]miv\ o-] p{X
t]mIWw'' Fp ]d- b- Ww. \o \n- t-l-ambn kzw ]nXm-
Bkp-cm-b-Wm-b-Zm-kp-cm-b W Bkptccmkpcnx
a-l-t\- mfpw t{ijvT-\m- I-Ww. \o evan-bpw, Ionbpw
AXp-t]mse {_-tX-Ppw hgn-bmbn D-Xn-bpsS ]c-a- Bt{X- bo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, Bt{X-bo-]p-{X KuX-ao-]p-
ko-a-bn-se-Ww C{]-Imcw hninjvS m\-k---\mb {X-\n\npw KuX- ao- ]p-{X `mc- Zzm-Po- ]p- {X- \n\npw `mc-
]p{X bmsXmcp {_-W\v P\n-p-p-thm, B ]nXmhpw Zzm-Po-]p-{X ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X-\n\npw ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X
CXp-t]m-se-Xs kvXpXyl-\m-Ip-p. hmo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, hmo-]p-{X ]mcm-i-co-]p-{X-
\n\npw, ]mcm- i- co-]p-{X hmIm- cp-Wo- ]p-{X-\n\npw,
hmIm-cp-W- ]p-{X hmIm-cp-Wo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, hmIm-
Amw {_mWw cp-Wo-]p-{X B-Xm-`m-Ko-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, BXm-`mKo
72. D] AY hHmw-iw, ]uXn-amjo ]p{Xx ImXym ]p{X iuMv-Ko-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, iuMvKo-]p-{X kmwIr-
b\o-]p-{XmXv ImXym-b-\o-]pt{Xm KuX-ao-]p-{XmZv Xo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, kmwIr-Xo-]p-{X Bew-_m-b\o ]p{X-
KuX-ao-]pt{Xm `mc-Zzm-Po-]p-{XmZv `mc-Zzm-Po-]p{Xx \n\n-pw, Bew-_mb\o-]p-{X Pmb-o-]p-{X-\n\n-
]mcm-i-co-]p-{XmXv ]cm-i-co-]p{X Hu]-kz-kvXo]p pw, Pmb-o-]p-{X amq-Im-b\o ]p{X-\n\npw,
{XmZu- ] - k z- k v X o- ] p{Xx ]mcm- i - c o- ] p- { XmXv amq- Im-b\o ]p{X amq-In-]p-{X-\n\npw, amW-[q-
]mcmi co]p{Xx ImXym-b-\o-]p-{XmXv ImXym-b- In-]p-{X imn-eo-]p-{X-\n\n- pw,- im-n-eo-]p-{X
\o-]p{Xx Iui-Io-]p-{XmXv Iuin-Io-]p{X Be- cmYo-X-co-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, cmYo-X-co-]p-{X `mep-Io-]p-{X-
av_ o]p{Xm sshbm-{L-]-Zo-]p-{Xm sshbm- \n\n-pw, `mep-Io-]p-{X cp {Iun-Io- ]p-{X- m-cn\n-
{L- ] - Z o]p{Xx IWzo- ] p- { Xm Im]o- ] p- { Xm pw, cp {Iu-Io-]p-{X-m thZ-`r-Xo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw,
Im]o- ] p{Xx thZ-`r- Xo-]p-{X Imi-tI-bo-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, Imi-tI- bo-
]p-{X {]mN\ tbmKo-]p-{X-\n\npw {]mNo-\-tbm-Ko-]p-
hwiw hn--s-Sp-p. ]uXn-am-jo-]p-{X ImXym- {X kmohn ]p{X- \n\n-pw, kmo-hn-]p-{X Bkp-
b\o ]p{X-\n\n-pw, ImXym-b-\o-]p-{X KuXao ]p{X- co-hm-kn-{]m-iv\o-]p-{X-\n\n-pw, {]miv\o-]p-{X Bkp-cm-
\n\n-pw, KuX-ao-]p-{X `mc- Zzm-Po-]p-{X- \n \npw, Zzmc- b-W-\n\n- pw, Bkp-cm-b-W Bkp-cn-bn\n-pw,
Zzm- Po- ]p- {X ]cm- ico ]p{X- \n\n- pw, ]cm-i-co- ]p- {X Hu]- Bkp-cn.

N P
 361

I 74. D] bm-h-evIymZv bm-hevIy DmeImZp-
m-e tIm -f cpWm-Z-c pW D]-t h-ti-c q-] -thinx
Ipt{ix Ip{inhm-P-{i-htkm hmP-{ihm Pnlzm
htXm _mt[ym-Km-n-l zm-hm hmt[ymtKm f-
knXmZv hmj-K-Wm-Z-kntXm hmj-KtWm lcn-
XmXv Iiy-]m-c - nXx Iiy]x inev]mXv Iiy-]-
nev] x Iiy]x Iiv] m-t-{[qthx Iiyt]m
ss\{[p-h nhmtNm hmK-av`nWym Aav `n-Wym-Zn-
Xym-Zm-Zn-Xym-\n-am\n ipm\n bPq Hmwjn hmP-
k-t\-b \ bm-hevtIy\mJymbt.
bm-h-evIy-\n\n-pw, bm-hIy Dm-e-I-
\n\n-pw, Dm-eI - Acp-W-\n\npw Acp-W D]-
th-in-bn\npw D]-thin Ip{in-bn \npw Ip{in hmP-
{i-h-n\n-pw, hmP-{i-hv Pnlzm-hm-\n\n-pw, Pnlzm-
hm _mt[ym-K-\n\n-pw, _mt[ym-Ky Akn-X-hmj-
K-W-\n\n-pw, Akn-X-hmj-K-W lcn-X-I-iy-]-\n\n-
pw, lcn-X-I-iy- ] inI-iy-]-\n\n-pw, in-I-iy-
] Iiy-]-ss\-[r-hn\n-pw, Iiy-]-ss\-[rhv hmIn\n-
pw, hmIpw Aav`n-Wn-bn\n- pw, Aav`nWn BZn-Xy- \n\n-
pw Dmbn BZn-Xy-\n\npw {]m]vX-amb Cu ip-
bpx {ipXn-I hmP-k-t\b bm-hIy hgn-bmbn
hfsc {]kn--am-bn-op.
75. D] kam-\ am kmwPo-h o-] p-{XmXv kmwPoho K
]pt{Xm amq-Im-b-t\am-q-Im-b-\nam
hymm-hyx IumXv Iutm amln-t
amln- nhm-a-I - m-b -W mZv hma-I - m-b Wx
imn- e ym- m- n- t eym- h m- v X mZv hmyx
Ipt{ix Ip{in-cy--h-Ntkm cmP-k v -_m-b-
\mZv b-hmNm cmP-kvX -av_m-b-\ -kvX p-c mXv
ImhtjbmXv Xpcx Imh- t bjx {]Pm- ] tX
{]Pm]Xn{_-tWm {_ kzbav`p {_tW
\ax
kRvPo-ho-]p-{X-]-c yw Hcp hwiw-X -s-b m-Ip-p.
kRvPo-hn-]p-{X aq-Im-b-\n\n-pw, amq-Im-b\n
am-h y-\n\n-pw, am-hy Iu-b n\n-pw,
Iu amln-n-bn\n-pw, tamlnn hma-I-m-b-W-
bn\n- pw, hma- I - m-b W imn-e y- b n\npw
imney hmy-bn-\n-pw, hmy Ip{in-bn-\n-pw,
Ip{in b-h-Nm-cm-P-kvX-av_m-b-\-bn\n-pw, b-h-
Nm-cm-P-kX
v -av_m-b\ Xpc-Im-h-tj-b-bn\n-pw, Xpc-Im-h-
tjb {]Pm-]-Xn-bn\npw {]Pm-]Xn {_m-hn\npw
Dmbn {_w kzbw `qhm-Ip-p. kzbw `qhm-Ip
{_s \a-kI v -cn- p-p.

ip`w

N P
 362

I K

1 Ayp]-\n-jv 3

imn- ] mTw kqcy\v \a-kI v mcw. alm-tk-\-\mb {io kqcy\v \a-kI v m-

Hmw kl-\ m-h-h Xp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ichm hssl tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXp am
hnZzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]- scbpw Hcp-anv cn--tW.
AXv R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW.
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-tW. R- fpsS
A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-bn-o-c-tW. R ]c-kv]cw
hntZzjw hln-m-Xn-cn-tW.
{]Y-a-Jw
lcnx Hmw AY l kmwIr-X n`-K-hm-\ m-ZnXy
temIw PKma | Xam-ZnXyw \Xym Nmp-j vaXo
hnZybm Xa-kvXp-hXv Hmw \tam `K-hmtX {iokq-
cym-bm-n-tX-P tk \ax Hmw tJN-cmb \ax Hmw
cPtk \ax Hmw kXzmb \ax Hmw Ak-tXmam kXv
Kab Xatkm am tPymXnK-ab artXymam AarXw
Kab | DjvtWm `K-hm ipNn-cq]x {]Xn-cq] hniz-
cq]w LrWn\w PmX-th-Zkw lnc- bw tPymXn-
cq]w X]w kl-{k-civanx iXYm h-am\x
]pcpjx {]Pm-\m-ap-Z-b-tXyj kqcyx | Hmw \tam
`K- h tX {iokq- c ym- b m- Z n- X ym- b m- n- t XP tkzm
tlm fhmlnt\ hmln\n kzmtlXn Ghw Nmp-
v a - X o- h n- h n- Z ybm kv X pXx | kqcy- \ m-c m- b Wx
kp{]otXm f {_ho- m- p- j v a Xo hnZy- { io- b mw
{_mtWm tbm \nXy-a-[otX \X-kym-n-tcmtlm
`hXn \ Xky Ipte f tm `hXn Au {_m-
Wm {Kml-bnXzm f Y hnZym-ko-n`-hXn b Ghw
thZ k alm `hXn.
`K-hm kmwIrXn BZn-Xy-tem-Ip t]mbn AhnsS
Atlw `K-hm kqcys\ \a- kvI-cnp NmpjvaXn hnZy-
bm kvXpXn sNbvXp Hmw Np-cn-{nbw {]Im-in-n-p
`K-hm kqcy\v \a-kvImcw BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb `K-hm
N P
cw. Xtam KpW-cq-]-\mb kqcy\v \a-kI v m-cw. ctPm-Kp-W- cq-
]-\mb kqcy\v \a-kI v m-cw. kXzKpW-cq- ]-\mb kqcy\v \a-
kvImcw. `K-hms\ Fs Ak-n \nv kn-tev
\bn-m-epw. A-Im-c-n \nv {]Im-i-n-tev \bn-
m-epw. arXyp-hn \nv Aar-X-n-tev \bn-m-epw. B
kqcy-\m-bm-c-W ]cn-ip-\pw {]Xn-cq-]- \p-am- W.v kq
cq]-[m-cnbpw civa n amenIman- X\pw PmXn-th-Zpw
kz-k-am\ {]Im-i-ap--h\pw tPymXn-kz-cq-]\pw Xm]-
bp--\p-amb kqcy-\m-cm-b-Ws\ R kvacn-p-p.
kl-{k-c-ivanbpw ]e-hn-[-n hn- p--h-\p-amb
kqcy Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw apn DZbw sNp-p.
R-fpsS Ip-Iv {]Im-i-cq-]\pw AZnXn ]p{X-\p-amb
kqcy\v \a- kvIm- cw. hnizw [cn- p kqcy\v R R-
fpsS kh-kzhpw kan-p-p. Cu Nmp-ja v Xo hnZy-
bm kvXpXn- - s- -tm kqcy- \m- cm- b- W Ghpw kp-
-\mbn ]d-p. ""Cu Nmp-ja v Xo hnZy \nXyhpw ]mcm-
bWw sNp {_m-W\v t\{X-tcmKw Dm-Ip-n-.
Ahs hwi-n Bcpw A-\m- In- . Fp {_m-Wsc
Cu hnZy ]Tn-n-m Cu hnZyv knn-bp-mIpw CXv
Adn-bp hyn alm-\m-bn-o-cpw.''
ZznXob Jw
AY l kmwIr-Xn-cm-ZnXyw ]{] `K-h {_-
hnZymw ta {_ploXn Xam-ZntXym tlmhmN:
A\-cw kmwIrXn kqcy-t\mSv ]d-p. ""`K-hms\
F\nv {_- hnZy D]- tZ-inpXctW.'' AXp-tIv BZn-Xy
]dp:
1. kmwIrtX irWp hyan |
XXz m\w kpZpe`w |
tb\ hnm-X-am-t{XW |
Poh-ptm `hn-jykn ||
 363

I 2. kh-ta-I-aPw imw A\w {[ph-a-hybw | Ghw hnNm-ch - m bx kymXv | K

]iy `qXm Nn{Zq]w | kwkm-tcm-m-cWw {]Xn ||
im Akz bYm kpJw || 10. k `qan-Im-hm-\n-Xypx |
3. Ath-Z\w hnZp tbmKw | tij-kvXzmcy CXn kvarXx |
Nn--ba Ir{Xnaw | hnNm-c-\m-av\o-an-Xcm |
tbmKx Ipcp ImWn | amKtXm tbmK-`q-anImw ||
\octkm hm Y am Ipcp || Pohn-I A\p-tZzKIc-fpw kuay-e - p-amb
4. hncm-K-ap-]-bm-Xy- I- sNp- p. kZm ]m]w `b- s -S p- p.
hmk-\m-kz-\ p-h m-kcw | t`mKm-t] IqSm-sX-bn-cn-p-p. Ah kvt\l
{Inbm-kq-Zm-c- cq-]mkp | K`-fpw at\m-l-c - -fp-amb hmp-I ]d-bp-
p. tZi-Im-em-\p-kr-X-amtb kwkm-cn-p-I-bpq.
{IatX tamZ-X-\zlw ||
a\km hmNm IWm k-\-kw-kw sNpw
5. {Kmaymkp PU-tN-mkp | kZv{K- hmbn-pw. kwkmc kmKcw XcWw
kXXw hnNn-In-tX | sN-Ws - a-m-{K-ln-p--h apv kqNn-n Imcy-
t\mZm-l-cXn amWn | -f n eo\-N n- -c m-b n-c n- pw. Ahs\ "`qan-I m-
hm' Fv ]d-bp-p. hnNm-cs - a ZznXo-b-`q-an-I-
]pWy-ImWn tkhtX ||
tbmSpIqSn-b-hs eWw ]d-bmw.
kmwIr-Xn, Rm \nv Ghpw Zpe-`-amb XXz-
11. {ipXn kvarXn kZm-Nmc
m\w D]-tZin-mw. AXv Adn-m-ep-SXs Poh-p-
-\m-Ipw. \n Fm-{]m-Wn-Ipw GI\pw AP\pw [mc-Wm-[ym\ IWx |
im\pw Ahy-b\pw A\-\pw {[ph\pw Nn{Zq-]-\p-amb apJymbm hymJybm JymXm |
{_s Iv bYm-kpJw hkn-p-I. Bm-hn-sbpw {ibXn t{ijvT-]-n-Xm ||
]c-am-m-hn-s-bp-a-msX asm-n- sbpw {]XoXn Dm-I-
12. ]Zm {]hn-`m-Kx |
cp-Xv. Cu Ah--bn-emWv tbmK-sav ]d-bp--Xv. AXn-
\m tbmK--\mbn Iw sNp-I. tbmK-\ncXs Imcym-Imcy hn\nbw |
AxIcWw ssZhn-Ih - m-k-\-I-fn \n-Ie- p-p. km[- Pm\m-Xy-[n-K -X- mt\ym |
I DZm-c-I-- fn-tesv {]k-X A\p-`h - n-p-p. Krlw Krl-]-Xn-cyYm ||
Am-\n-If - psS PU-{]-hr-n-I-fn Ah\v tbmPn-n-. 13. aZm-`n-am-\-am- cy
Ah Ftmgpw t{ijvTI- am{Xta sNp-Ib - p-
q.
tem` tamlm-Xn-im-bnXmw |
_ln-c-]ym-n-Xm-\ p-t Zm-j m
6. A\-t\ym-tZz-K -Im-cnWo |
apPy-Xy-ln-cnh XzNx ||
arZp ImWn tkhtX |
14. Cw `qX-]Xnx imkv{X
]m]m-Zzn-t`Xn kXXw |
Kpcp-k--\-tk-h bm |
\ N t`mK-a-t]-tX |
k cl-ky-a-ti-tjW |
7. kvt\l {]Wb K`mWn |
bYm-h-Z[o KXn ||
t]i-em\yp NnXm\n N |
{ipXn, kvarXn, kZm-Nm-cw, [mc-Ww, [ym\w Fn-h-
tZi-Im-tem-]-]-m\n |
bpsS Da hymJym-Xm-sf Abm B{i-bn-p-p.
hN-\m\y`n`m-jtX ||
imkv{Xm\-amn-p--Xn-\m Ihy \nbw
8. a\km IWm hmNm | sNm ka-\m-Ip-p. ]Z-]-Zm-hn-`mKw icnv a\-
k-\m-\p] tkhtX | n-em-pw. aZm-`n-am-\-tam-l--fpsS B[nIyw Ahs
bXx IpX-n-Zm-\ob | Nns Iep-jn-X-am-p-I-bn-. Ah\v Hcp _mly-n-
\nXyw imkv{XmWy t]tX || Xn-bp-.v kw AXns ]pdw N Dt]-n-p--Xp-t]mse
Ah _mly tZmj-- Dt]-n-p-p. C-s\-bp
9. XZm f ku {]Y-am-taImw |
km[-I bYm-hn[n imkv{Xw, Kpcp Fn-h-cpsS Ir]-bm
{]m]vtXm `hXn `qanImw | kIe Imcy-fpw {Kln-p-p.

N P
 364

I 15. Akw-km-Zn-[m-a\zmw | 23 t`m-Km-t`mKm alm-tcmKmx | K

XrXobmw tbmK `qanImw | kZx ]c-am-]Zx |
XXx hni-Xy-sku Imx | hntbm-Km-ssbh kwtbmKmx |
]pjv]-i-m-an-hm-aemw || B[-tbm-hy-[tbm [nbmw ||
16. bYm-h-m-i m-kv {X-hm-Iymt | 24. Imem Ie-t\m-Zypx
aXn-am-[m-b-\n-emw | kh-`m-hm-\\m cXw |
Xm]-km-{i-a- hn- {imss A\m-m-tbXn `mhm\mw |
c[ym--I-Y-{Issax || bZ `mhm-\-am-cw ||
17. inem-i-m-k-\m-kot\m | 25. hmIym-e-_ v[-a-\kx |
Pc-b-Xym-b p-cm-XXw | kmamt\ym kmh kwKax |
h\m-h-\n-hn-lm-tcW | At\\ {Ia-tbm-tK\ |
Nntm-]-ia tim`n\m || kwtbm-tK\ alm-\mw ||
18. Akw-K-kp-J-ku-tJy\ | 26. \mlw It-izcx Im |
Imew \bXn \oXn-am | I hm {]m\w aa |
A`ym-kmXv km[p-im-kv{XmWmw | IrXzm Zqc-Xtc \q\
Ic-WmXv ]pWy-IWmw || anXn i_vZm `mh\m |
19. Ptmb-Ym-h-tZ-thbw | b-t\m-\-am-k\w imw |
hkvXp Zrnx {]ko-ZXn | XXv t{ijvTm-kwK DNytX ||
XrXobmw `qanImw {]m]y | kmam-\y-sapw t{ijvT-sapw Akw-kw cp-hn-
_ptm f \p `hXn kzbw || [- apv. Rm Imthm t`mmthm _m[y- t\m _m[-
It\m Hp-a-. Cu hn[-n hnjb--fn-ep A\m-k-
tbmK-ns XrXob `qanI Akw- k-n {]th-
-`m-h-amWv kmam\yw Cu P-n Fs-m-amtWm
in-p-sIm-m-Wv. imkv{X--fn Fp-]-d-bptm Ah-
\psS apn- ep-Xv AsXmw ]q-P I ^e-am- W.v
bn Ahn-N-e-amb _pn sNepn Xt]m-\n-jT v -cmb ap\n-
AXp-sImv kpJtam ZpxJtam BIs AXn Rms\p
am-cpsS B{i-a--fn Xma-knv imkv{X- N-I sNbvXv
sNm- \mWv? t`mKw tcmK- Im- c-W- am- Wv. ssh`- h- B]- p-
]md-p-dv InSv AhnsS Ccpv Imew Ign-p- p. Nn-
v Imc-W- am-Wv. Fm kwtbm-K-fpw hntbm-K- Im-cn- I-
imn ssIh- -Xn- \m \oX- - m Imn Ignv hnj-
fm-W.v am\-kn-I-Nn-- I Am\nIv hym[nv Xpey-
bm-kn ssIhnv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn e`n-p kpJw A\p-
am-Ip-p. kI-eXpw \in-p--Xm-W.v Fs- m Ime
`-hn-p-p. ]pWy-I--fmepw D-a -im-kv{Xm-`ymkw
Ahsb {Kmk-am-p-p. imkvt{Xm-]-tZ-i- a\-n-
sImpw bmYmyw ImWm-\p Pohn-I- fpsS Zrn kz-
emnbm Ah- bn A\m-- bp- m- Ip- p. a\- n A`m-
ambn Xocp-p. Cu XrXob `qanI ssIh-m km[-I
h-`m-h-\bpw Dm-Ipw. CXmWv kmam-\y-amb Akw-kw.
kzbw _p-\m-Ipw.
Rm Im-h-. Fs ]qh-P--amWv Im-h.v As-
20. Zzn{]-I m-c-a-kw-kw | n ]c- am- m- hmWv C- s\- bp Nn- I \ntjw \inn-
Xkym-t`-Za - nZw irWp | -Xn-\p- tijw ssIh-cp a\-\w, Bk- \w, im- `mhw Fn-
Zznhnt[m f ba-kw-kx | h- bmWv DXvIr-- amb Akw- k-sav ]d-bw.m
kmam\yx t{ijvT Gh N || 27. ktm-jm-tam-Z-a-[pcm |
21. \mlw Im \ t`mm N | {]Y-tam-tZXn `qanIm |
\N _mt[ym \ _m[Ix | `qhn t{]mZn-Xa - mt{Xm f
CXy-k-RvP -\-at f jp kmam\ym car-Xm-p-cn-tIh km ||
kwK \maIw || 28. Gjm ln ]cn-ar-mx
22. {]-\nnXw kh-ao-iz-cm-[o-\-tah hm c\ymkm {]k-ssh-I`px |
kpJw hm bZn hm ZpxJw | ZzXobmw N XrXobmw N |
ssIhm{X Xh IrXm || `qanImw {]]v\p-bm-Xx ||

N P
 365

I 29. t{ijvTm-kh-Xm-tlyjm | 36. kpjp-]vX-a\ GhmkvtX | K

XrXobm `qan-Im{X ln | ]aow `qanImw KXx |
`hn t{]mPvQnXm tij Aap-J-Xbm XnjvT |
k-ev]-I-e\mw ]qam || _lnhrn ]tcm]n k ||
30. `qan-Im-{in-X -bm- `ymkm 37. ]cn-{im--Xbm \nXyw |
Zmt\ bam KtX | \n{Zm-ep-cnh eytX |
kaw kh{X ]iyn | Iph- -`ym-k-ta-X kymw |
NXpow `qanImw KXm || `qan-Imbmw hnhm-k\x ||
31. AssZztX sscy-am-btX | 38. jjvTow Xpcym-`n-[m-a\ymw |
ssZztX N {]iaw KtX | {IamXv ]XXn `qanImw |
]iyn kz]v\-h-tmIw NXpn `qanImw b{X \mk--k-{Zpt]m |
KXmx || \mlw \m]y-\lw IrXnx ||
32. `qan-Im-{Xn-Xbw Pm{K 39. tIhew oW-a-\-\
NXpo kz]v\ DNytX amkvtX f ssZztX f Xn\n`-b x |
{]Ya `qanI ktm-jm-\-a - -[p-c-ambn AxIc-W-cq- \n{Knx im-k-ttlm |
]-n-ep ]rYzn-bn Aar-Xm-pcw s]mn-p-d-s-Sp--Xp- Pohptm hn`m-h\x ||
t]mse {]I-S-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu `qanI Zriy-am-Ip-tm 40. A\nhmtWm f ]n\nhmW
ap `qan-Ifpw {]I-S-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m Ax IcWw Hcp n{X-Zo] Ch nXx |
t{X-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]ns km[-I\v cm-a-sbpw
jjvTymw `qam-hku nXzm |
aqm-a-sbpw `qan-I-I ssIh-cp-p. apnepw shv
aqm- asXmWv kthm- - aw. Fp-sIm- s-m AXv k]vXaow `qan-am-]v\p-bmXv ||
{]I-S -a-mbn- -gn-m k-ev] -n \np- m-Ip km[-Is a\v ]-`q-anI ssIh-cp-tm icXv
kIe hrn-Ifpw \in-p-p. aqp `qan-I-Ifpw A`y- Ime-n taL- BIm-i- n ebn-p--Xp-t]mse
kn-p km[- I Am\w \in--Xn- s\- p-Sv \mem- hnebw {]m]n-p-p. AtXmsS kXzw am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-
as `qan-Isb {]th-inv kh{X kaZin-bm-Ip-p. pw. Cu Ah--bn kmwkm-cnI hnI-e] v - DZn-p-
B ka-bv ssZzX-`mhw kzbw tem]np t]mI--- n- . Cu `qan-I -tbm-Sp-I qSn km[-I s kIe t`Z
hn[w AssZzX `mh\ ZrV-X-c-am-Ip-p. Cs\ \memw _pnbpw im-a mbn Abm AssZz-X m-h - -b n
`qan-I-bn-se-nb km[-I Cu temIs kz]v\-sa- Fpp. ssZzX-`m-h-\m-i-m kpjp-]vX-]Zw Fp
tmWw PmK- c- W- cq-]- n-ep- - Xm-sWpw \mem-as `qan- t]cp ]-`q-an-Isb B-m-\n-bmb km[-I hi-
I -kz-]\ v -am-sWpw ]d-bp-p. m-p-p. Ah _mly- hy- h-lm- c-tm- Sp- Iq- Sn- b- h-\m-sW-
n- epw Aap-J- \mbpw kZm oW--h- s\-tm-sebpw Dd-
33. Nnw Xp ic-ZY - -{`mwi
p--hs - \-tm-sebpw ImW-s-Spw. Cu `qanI knn--Xn-
hnebw {]ho-en-btX | \p-tijw hmk-\m-c-ln-X-\mb km[-I Bdmw `qan-I-bn
kXzm-h-tij GhmkvtX | {]thinp-p. AhnsS kv, Ak-v, Al-m-cw, A\-
]aow `qanImw KXmx || l-mcw, a\-\m--I-hrn CsXmpw Dm-hn-. Ahs
lrZ-b-{K-n-I Xpd- -s-Sp-tm kh kt-l- \n- hr- -
34. PK-Zzn-Ievt]m t\mtZXn Nn{X-kym-{X-
\m-bn-o-cp- p. Atm Ah `mh-iq-\y-\m-bn-cn-pw.
hn-tem-]-\mXv |
Ah \nhmW ]Zw {]m]n-msX Xs XmZr- i- amb Ah-
]aow `qan-Im-taXy | -bn-sen Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. Atm-gs Ah
kpjp]vX ]Z-\m-anImw || Nn{X-Zo-]k- -Zr-i-am-Wv. Cu Bdmw `qan-I-p-tijw Ggmw
35. imm-ti-j-h n-ti-jmwi `qan-I-bn-se-pw.
kvXnjvTXy ssZzX-am-{XIx | 41. hntZl ap Xm f t{Xmm |
- sZz-X-\n`mtkm |
Kfn-Xs - o-tbmK `qanIm |
k]vXa
apZntXm f x {]t_m-[-hm || AKaym hm-Nkmw imm |
km koam kh-`q-anjp |
N P
 366

I 42. temIm-\p-h\w Xyzm | 48. Ahn-`ym-Xn-an-cm-XoXw | K

Xyzm tZlm-\p-h\w | khm-`m-k-hn-hPnXw |
imkv{Xm-\p-h \w Xyzm | B\--a-aew ipw |
km[ymkm ]\bw Ipcp || at\m-hm-Nm-a-tKm-Ncw ||
43. HmwIm-c-am-{X-a-Jnew | 49. {]m-\-L-\-am-\w |
hniz-{]m-mZn eWw | {_m-kvaoXn hn`m-h-tbXv |
hmNy-hm-N-I-Xm-t`Zm | CXyp-]- \ n-jXv
t`tZ-\m\p ]e-_v[nXx || k]vX-a-`q-an-I-bn hntZ-l-ap-n-bpsS Ah ssIh-
44. AIm-c-am{Xw hnizx kym- cp-p. B `qanI F{Xbpw im-amWv hmNm-a-tKm-N-c-am-W.v
ZpIm-c-kvssX-Pkx kvarXx | Fm `qan- II - -fp-sSbpw An-a-ko-a-bmb ChnsS kh-`q-
an-I-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-p-p. CXn temIm-Nm-chpw tZlm-
{]mtm aImc CtXyhw |
Nm-c hpw imkv{Xm-N m-c hpw XyPn- -s -S p- p. hnizw,
]cn-]-tiyXv {ItaW Xp || {]mw, ssXPkw apX- emb cq]--fn Cu kq
45. kam-[n-Im-emXv {]tKh | {]]-hpw HmwImcw Xs. AXn hmNy-hm-N-I-t`-Z-an-.
hnNn-ymXn {]b-Xv\Xx | t`Z-ap-s-n AXv {]m]n-m\pw km[y-a-. HmwIm-c-
qe kqva-{I-amXv khw | ns {]Y-a-am-{X-bmb AImcw hnizhpw DImcw ssXP-
khpw aImcw {]m-hp-am-Ip-p. kam-[np app Xs
NnZm-\n hntem-]-tbXv ||
ITn\ {]b- Xv\-m CXn-s\-n Nnn-- Ww. kqvaq-
46. NnZm-m\w \nXy-ip e-{I-a-n khhpw NnZm-m-hn ebn-n--Ww. NnZm-
_pZ-[-ap kZ-Zzbx | m-hns\ kzkz-cq-]-sap IcpXn Rm Xs-b mWv
]c-am-\--kw-ttlm | \nXy\pw ip\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw ]c-am-\--a-b\pw hmkp-
tZ-h\pw {]W-h-kz-cq-]-\p-sa- p ZrV-`m-h\ - -tbm-sS-bn-cn-
hmkp-tZ-thm-l-tam-anXn ||
-Ww. Cu {]]--amsI BZn-a-[ym cq]-n ZpxJa-
47. BZn-a-[ym-h -km-t\jp | b-am-W.v AXn-\m kh-Xym-Kn-bmbn XXzw tXSp-I. Rm
ZpxJw kh-anZw bXx | B\-c - q-]\pw \n-e\pw {]m-L-\\ - p-amb {_-am-
XkvamXv khw ]cn-XyPy | sWv Nnn--Ww. CXp-Xs D]-\n-j-{Zp-]-amb clkyw.
XXz-XnjvtTm `hm-\L || Ayp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p. - - - -----

1 A- ] q- t Pm- ] - \ n- j v 3

- Hmw. Xky \nn- \w [ym\w. kh-I
\ncm-Ic- -Wa- m-hm-l\
- w. kh I \ncm-Ic - -Wa- m-
hm-l\- w. \n-e-m-\-am-k-\w. ktZmapJ-`mhx
]mZyw kZm-a-\kvI aLyw. ko]vXn cmN-a-\obw
hcm-I p-X -{]-h rXnx kv\ m\w khm- -I -X z-Z riy
hnetbm Kx Zrizn-in-jvS-am-\x AXx NnZm-
Zo]vXnx ]pjv]w. kqcym-I - Xzw Zo]x ]cn-]q
N{m-arX cssk-Io-I-cWw ss\th-Zyw. \n-eXzw
{]Z-n-Ww. tkml-`mthm \a-kvI mcx ]c-ta-i zc
kvX pXn au\w kZm ktmtjm hnkP-\ w.
Ghw ]cn-]q cmP-tbm-Kn\x khm-I ]qtPm-
]-Nmcx kymXv. khm-I - ky Bm-temtcm `h-
Xn. kh-\n-cm-ab ]cn-]qtmlakvao-Xn. apap-
pWmw tamssI knn `h-Xn.
CXyp-]-\n-jXv
[ym\w FXv B Bm-hns \nc--c-amb Nn\w
Xs-bmWv. Fm I--fp-sSbpw XymKw Bhm-l-
\sa-v Adn-b-s-Spp. nc-m\w Xs-bmWv Bk-
\w. AXns t\tc Ftmgpw Dp-J-\m-Ip--XmWv ]mZyw.
AXn\p t\v a\v XnIpw hym]-c n- p--X mWv
ALyw FXv. Ftmgpw Bm-cm-as Zo]vXn Xs-

N P

I bmWv BN-a-\o-bamWv. A Xns {]m]vXn Xs
kv\m\hpw. khm--Ia - mb Zriy-ns hne-b-amWv
Kw F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv. Am\ Np-
mWv A-Xw. NnXv {]Imiw Xs-bmWv ]pjv]hpw.
kqcym--I Xs-bmWv Zo]vXw. ]cn-]q N{s
AarX ck-ns GIo-I-c-W-amWv ss\th-Zyw. nc-X-
bmWv {]Z-n-Ww. "tkmlw' F `mh-amWv \a-kvIm-cw.
au\w FXv ]c-ta-iz-c\p t\p kvXpXn Xs-
bmWv. kZm kp-jvS-\m-bn-cn-p-I-sb-X
- mWv hnkP-
\w. C{]-Imcw ]cn-]q cmP-tbm-Kn-bpsS khm-I
1 A[ym- t - m ]- \ n- j v 3
imn- ] mTw
Hmw ] q - a Zx ] q - a nZw ] q mX v
]qapZNytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-
tahm hinjytX
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu PKpw ]q-am-
Wv. Cu ]q {_-n \npw ]q PK-v- D-e]
v --
am-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n\npw ]q-P-Kv
FSp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
lcn Hmw Ax icotc \nlntXm Kplm-bm-aP
GtIm ln \nXy-aky ]rYnho icocw bx ]rYnho
atc k- c \yw ]rYnho \ thZ bkym]x
icocw tbm At]m f tc k-c -\ y-amt]m \
hnZpx bky tXPx icocw bkvtX tPm f tc
k-c\yw tXtPm \ thZx bky hmbpx icocw
tbm hmbpatc k-c \yw hmbp\ thZ b
kymImi icocw bB-Imix atc k-c-\y-am-
Imtim \thZ bky a\x icocw tbm at\m f
tc kc\yw at\m \ thZ bky _pnx
icocw tbm _pn-a- tc k-c \yw _pn\
thZ bkymlmcx icocw tbm f lwIm-c-a-tc
k-c\yw Al-mtcm \ thZ. bkyky Nnw
icocw bna-tc k-c\yw Nnw \ thZ
bkym hyw icocw tbmhy- -a- tc kc
\yahyw \ thZ bkym- cw icocw tbm f
catc k-c-\y-a-cw \ thZ | bky arXyp
N P
367
K
cq]- amb ]qPbpw D]- Nm-chpw khm--I- Xbpw Xs- bmWv
Bm-hn\v B[m-cam-Ip-Xv. Cu `mh\ tamw Cn-
p-h - c
- psS tam-ns knn-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv
km[m-cW ]qPsb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw [ym\w, Bhm-
l\w, Kw, ss\thZyw BZn-bm-bh Bh-iy-apXm-
Ipp. AXp-t]mse Xs B-]q-Pbvv Hmtcm-m-h-
iy-am-Wv. AXm-bXv As\sbms sNbvXm am{Xta
Bm-hns kap-NnXamb ]qP-bm-Ipp-q.
A-]q-tPm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.
icocw tbm arXyp-a- tc k-c \yw arXyp\
thZ k Gj kh-`q-Xm--cmm f ]l-X-]m]va m
Znthym tZh GtIm \mcm-bWx
1. Alw ataXn tbm `mthm I
tZlm-m-`m-h-\m-\n I
A[ym-tkmbw \nc-kvXthym I
hnZqjm {_-\n-jvTbm II
lcn Hmw ico-c-ns Dn lrZ-b-K-lz-c-n P\-
\-an-m Hv \nXyw hkn-p-p. AXns icocw ]rYzn-
bm-Wv. AXv ]rYzn-p-n hkn-p-p-sh-nepw ]rYzn
AX-dn-bp-n-. Pew AXns ico-c-am-Wv. AXv Pe-n-\p-
n hkn-p-p-sh-nepw Pew AX-dn-bp-n-. AXns
icocw tXP-m-Wv. AXv tXP-n-\p-n hkn-p-p-sh-
nepw tXPv AX-dn-bp-n-. AXns icocw hmbp-hm-
Wv. AXv hmbp-hn-\p-n Xma-kn-p-p-sh-nepw hmbp
AXv Adn-bp-n-. BImiw AXns ico-ca - m-Wv. AXv
BIm-i- n- \p-n hkn-p-p-sh-nepw BImiw AX-
dn-bp-n-. AXns icocw a\-m-Wv. AXv a\-n-\p-n-
emWv hkn-p--sX-nepw a\v AX-dn-bp-n-. _pn
AXns ico-c-am-W.v AXv _pn-p-n hkn-p-p-sh-
nepw _pn AXns\ Adn-bp-n-. AXns icocw Al-
m-c-am-Wv. AXv Al-m-c-n-\p-n-em-Wv hkn-p--sX-
nepw Al-mcw AXv Adn-bp-n-. Nnw AXns ico-
c-am-Wv. AXv Nn-n-\p-n-em-sW-nepw Nnw AX-dn-
bp-n-. AXns icocw Ahy--am-Wv. AXv Ahy--
 368

I ns Dn-emWv hkn-p--sX-nepw Ahyw AXns\ 7. LSm-Imiw alm-Imi I K

Adn-bp-n-. AXns icocw A-c-am-Wv. AXv A-c- Chm-m\w NnZm-\n
n-\p-n-emWv hkn-p--sX-nepw Acw AX- dn-bp-n-
hnem-]ym-J--`m-th\ I
. AXns icocw arXyp-hm-W.v AXv arXyp-hn-p-n-emWv
hkn-p--sX-nepw arXyp AXns\ Adn-bp-n-. AXp XqjvWow `h kZm apt\ II
Xs- bmWv Cm-Wp kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw A- cm-m- 8. kz{]-Im-i-a-[njvTm\w I
hv. AXns ]m]- \inp t]mbn-cn-p-p. AXp-Xs
kzbw `qb kZm-\m I
GI\pw Znhy-\p-amb \mcm-bW- . tZtl-{n-bmZn A\m--
]-Zm-fpw AXn-\p-ap-]cn Rms\pw FtXv Fpw {_m-a - ]n ]nmw I
D `mhhpw Dv. AXv {`aw am{Xw. AXp-sImv Adn- XyPyXmw ae-`m--hXv II
hph {_-\n-jvT-bm Cu A[ymkw AI-se-bm--
9. NnZm-\n kZm-\t I
Ww.
tZl-cq-Vm-alw [nbw I
2. mXzm Xw {]Xy-Km-m\w I \nth-iy-e nw-K-ap-r-Py
_pn XZv hrn-km-nWw I -tI-htem `h khZm II
tkml-an-tXyh XZv hrXym I
10. bss{Xj PK-Zm-`mtkm I
kzm\y-{Xm--aXnw XytPXv II
Z-Wm--]pcw bYm I
3. temIm-\p-h\w Xyzm I XZv {_m-l-an-Xn-mXzm I
Xyzm tZlm-\p-h\w I IrX-Ir-tXym- `-hm-\ L
imkv{Xm-\p-h\w Xrzm I
Cu icocw amXm-]n-Xm- - m-cpsS ae- n \np Dm-
kzm[ym-km-]-\bw Ipcp II bn-p- Xpw ae-a mw-k -a-b -hp-amWv AXn-\ m AXns\
4. kzm-t\yh kZm nXzm Nm-f-s\-tme IcpXn {_-kz-cq-]\pw IrX-Ir-Xy-\p-
at\m \iyXn tbmKn\x I ambn `hn-p-I. altj, alm-Im-i-n LSm-Im-i-sa--
t]mse ]c-am-m-hn Bm-hns\ ebn-nv AJ--`m-
bpym {ipXzm kzm\p-`qXym I
h-tmsS aqI-\m-bn-cn-p-I. kzbw {]Im-im-- Ihpw A[n-
mXzm khm-y-am-\x II jvT m\ {_-c q-] -h p-ambn Xov {_m--sbpw
5. \n{Zmbmx temI-hmmbm I ]nm--sbpw ae- ]m-{X-sa t]mse ]cn-Xy-Pn-t- -
i_vZm-tZ-cm hnkvartXx I Xm-W.v ico-c-n cqV-aq-e-amb Al-m-c-_p-nsb kZm
B\-c - q-]-amb NnZm-m-hn Dd-nv enwK-i-cocw XyPnv
IzNn-m-h-kcw ZXzm I
kZm tIh-em--kz-cq-]-\mbn `hn-p-I. A\-L, Im-Sn-
Nn-bm-m-\-am-\n II bn Hcp \Kcw ImW-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse GsXm-n-emtWm
{]Xy-Km-m-hmWv kzbw _pnpw AXns hrnpw Cu PK-ns {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-Xv B {_w Rm
kmn F-dnv AXv Rm\mWv F Nn-tbmsS Xs-bm-Wv. Fp a\-n-emn \o IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn `hn-
Xms\m-gnsI asm ]Zm--sfbpw Dt]-np-I. m- epw.
temIm- \p-h-\hpw tZlm-\p-h-\hpw imkv{Xm-\p-
11. Al-mc {Klm-px I
h-\hpw XyPnv Bm-hn-ep A[ym-k-hpw Dt]-n-
p-I. B-n-X-\mbn bpn, {ih-Ww, kzm\p-`qXn kzcq-] -ap-]-]-ZytX I
Fnh aptJ\ kzbw kI-e-Xn-sbpw B-cq-]a - m-sW- N{-h-Zzn-aex ]qx I
-dnp Ign-bp-tm tbmKn-bpsS a\v \in-p-p. Dd- kZm-\x kzbw {]`x II
w, temI-hm-I, i_vZm-Zn-hn-j-b- B-hn-kX v -
cWw Fn-hv Hcn-Spw CSw \ImsX Bm-hn 12. {Inbm-\mti `th-nm I
Xs Bm-hns\ hnNn-\w sNp-I. \mtim f kvamZv hmk-\- bx I
6. amXm-]n-tXma-tem-Zv`qXm I hmk-\m-{]- -bm-tmx I
ae-amw-k-abw h]px I km Poh-p-n-cp-NytX II
Xyzm Nm-e-hn-XvZqcw I 13. kh{X khXx kh
{_-`qb IrXo-`h II {_ am{Xm-h-tem-I\w I

N P
 369

I kZv`m-h-`m-h-\m-ZmVymZv I 20. kzbw {_m kzbw hnjvWpx I K

hmk-\m-e-b-a -iv\ ptX II kzb-an{x kzbw inhx I
14. {]amtZm {_-\n-jvTmbmw I kzbw hniz-anZw khw I
\ Ihyx IZm-N\ I kzkvam-Z\yw \ In\ II
{]mtamtZm arXyp-cn-Xymlp I Bv Pohn-n-cn-p-tm Xs ssIheyw e`n- m
hnZymbmw {_-hm-Zn\ II Ign-bp-tm Ah tZl-c-ln-X-\m-bn-oXn\p tijhpw
{_-kz- cq-]-\m-bn-o-cpw. AXn-\m A\-L, \o kam-[n-\n-
15. bYm-]-Irw ssihmew I
jvT-\mbn hnIev] clo-X-\m-bn-`h - n-p-I. \nhn-Iev] kam-
W-am{Xw \ XnjvTXn [n-bm B-Zi\w km[n-m lrZ-b- nse Am\
Bhr-tWmXn XYm ambm I {Kn-I Ap-t]m-Ip-p. Bm-hn B-`mhw Dd-nv
{]mw hm]n ]cm-MvapJw II Al-m- cm- Zn- I-fn- ep B- `mhw shSn- bp- I. hkv{Xw, ]m{Xw,
apX-em-b-h-bn DZm-ko\ `mhw hln- p--Xp-t]mse Xs
B kzcq]w {]m]n-p-hm Al-m-c-n \nv Al-m-cm-Zn-I-fnepw DZm-ko\ `mh-tmsS Pohn--Ww.
hnap- -\mb hynp am{Xta km[n-p-I- bp- q. AXn\p {_w apX ]psmSn hsc-bp Fm D]m-[n- Ifpw
tijw N{-s\-tmWw \n-e-\mbn kZm B\--kz-cq-]- anYy- bm- W.v AXn-\m kzcq-]- n nXn-sN-p ]q-
n kzbw {]Im-in-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. {Iobm-\m-i-n amb Bm-h n-s \-Xs kI-e-bn-Spw Zin--Ww.
Nnm- \m- ihpw Nnm-\m-i- n hmk-\m-\m-ihpw Dm-Ip- {_mhpw hnjvWphpw C{\pw inh\pw PKpw F
p. hmk-\m-\miw Xs tamw. AXp Xs- bmWv Poh- Cu ImWp kI- eXpw Rm Xs. Fn \npw `n-
p-n, kh{X kI-e-`m-Kpw Fm-n-s\bpw tIh-e{- _- ambn Hp-an F Nnm-KXn DmIWw.
-kz-cq-]-ambn ImWpI Fp kZv`m-h\ ZrV-am-bn-o-
21. kzm-Xym-tcm-]n-Xm-tijm I
cp-tm hmk-\m-\miw kw`-hn-p-p. {_-\n-jvT-bn
Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw {]amZw ImWn--cp-Xv. Fp-sIm-s- `mk hkvXp-\n-cm-kXx I
m AXp Xs- bmWv acWw Fv thZm-n-I ]d-bp- kzb-tah ]cw {_ I
p. ]mb sh-n \nv Aev]w sXn amdn-bmepw ]q-a-Zz-b-a-{Inbw II
AXv hopw shs Bh-cWw sNm-Xn-cn-p-n-. 22. AkXv Ievt]m hnI-evt]mbw I
AXp-t]mse _pn-am-\mb hynbpw {_-\n-jvT-bn
hniz-an-tXy- I-h -kvX p\m I
\nv sXn-am-dn-bm amb Ahs\ Bh-cWw sNm-Xn-cn-
p-I-bn- . \nhn-Imtc \ncm-Imtc I
16. PohtXm bky ssIheywI \nhn-titj `nZm IpXx II
hntZtlm f ]n k tIhex I 23. Zr-Zi-\-Zr-iym-Zn
kam-[n-\n-jvT-Xm-taXy I `mh-iqt\y \ncm-atb I
\nhn-Ievt]m `hm-\L II Iev]mh Chm-Xyw I
17. Am-\-lr-Zb {Kt ]cn-]qt NnZm-\m II
\nxtij-hn-e-b-kvXZm I 24. tXP-koh Xtam b{X I
kam-[n\m hnI-evt]\ I hneo\w {`mn ImcWw I
bZm-ssZz-Xm--Zi\w II AZzn-Xotb ]tc XtXz I
18. X{Xm-Xzw ZrVo-Iph\ I \nhn-tij `nZm-IpXx II
Aam-Znjp kwXy-P I 25. GIm-tI ]tc XtXz I
- bm tXjp I
DZm-ko-\X t`Z-Im IYw htkXv I
XnjvtTXv LS-]-Sm-Zn-hXv II kpjp]vXu kpJ-am-{Xmbmw I
19. {_m-Zn-kvXw_ ]cyw I t`Zx I\m-h-tem-InXx II
arjm-am{Xm D]m-[bx I kzIo-ba - mb Bm-hn Xs kIe hkvXp--fp-
XXx ]qw kzam-m\w I sSbpw {]XoXn tIhew Btcm-]n-X-am-Ip-p. AXv Zpco-I-cn-
m kzbw ]qhpw AssZz-Xhpw {Inbm-iq-\y-hp-amb
]tiy-tZ-Im-\m nXx II
]c- {_- - am- Im km[n- pw. Htc B- cq- ]- n- ep hkvXp-

N P
 370

I hn PK-{Zq-]-amb hnIev]w tXmp-Xv anYy-bm-W.v Fs- 31. Bew-_-\X - bm `mXn I K

m \nhn-Im-chpw \ncm-Im-chpw Ah-b-h-c-ln-X- hp-amb tbm f kvaXv {]Xy-b-i-_vZtbmx I
hkvXp-hn F-s\-bmWv t`Zw kw`-hn-pI? NnZm-mhv
AxIc-W- kw-`n-
{Zmhv Zi\w Zriyw Fo `mh--fn-m-Xpw \ntm-
jhpw {]f-bk - -ap{Zw t]mse ]cn-]q-hp-am-W-Xv. BIm- t_m[x kXyw ]Zm`n[x II
i-n A-Imcw hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-t]mse ]c-a-X- 32. ambm-hntZy hnlm-ssbh I
Xz-n {`a-ns ImcWw hnebw {]m]n-p-p. AXv D]m-[n-]-c-Po-htbmx I
Ah- b- h- c- ln-X-amWv AXn-\m AXn Fs\ t`Zw Dm-
AJw kn-Zm-\w I
Im-\mWv? kpjp-]vXn-kp-J-cq-]a - m-Wv. AXn Bcv t`Zw
ImWpp? ]cw {_ hne-ytX II
33. Cw hmssIy-kvX-Ymm-\p
26. Nn-aqtem hnI-evt]mbw I
km\w {ihWw `thXv I
Nnm-`mth \I-\ I
bpym kw`m-hn-X-Xzm-\p
AX-nw klm-t[ln I
km\mw a\\w Xp XXv II
{]Xy-{Kqt] ]cm-\n II
34. Xm`ymw \nhn-Nn-In-tyt I
27. AJ-m-\--am-m\w I
tNXkx m]n-Xky bXv I
hnmb kzkz-cq-]Xx I
GI-Xm-\-Xz-ta-Xn I
_ln-cx kZm-\ I
\nZn-[ym-k-\-ap-NytX II
ckm-kzm-Z-\-am-\n II
35. [ymXr-[ymt\ ]cn-XyPy I
28. sshcm-Kyky ^ew t_mt[m I
t_m[-tkym-]-cXnx ^ew I {IamXv t[yssbI tKmNcw I
kzm\-m-\p-`-hmXv imn I \nhm-X-Zo-]-h- nw I
tcssj-thm-]-ctX ^ew II kam-[n-c-`n-[o-btX I
29. bZyp-tcm- -cm-`mth I Xs kw_-n-p A\p-`-hhpw i_vZm-{i-bhpw
]qh-cq]w Xp \njv^ew I AxIcW kw`n m\- tm-Sp- Iq-SnbXpamb Pohs\
"Xzw' F \ne-bn hn--s-Sp ]c-am-m-hn\v "amb'
\nhr-nx ]cam Xr]vXn I Fpw Poh\v "AhnZy' Fpw cv D]m-[n-I-fp-v. Ch
cm\-tm- f \p-]axkzXx II ssIhn-m AJ--k-n-Zm-\--abm ]c-{_w eo-I-cn-
30. amtbm-]m-[n PK-tZym\nx I pw. Cs\ XXv Xzakn Fo hmIy--fm Poh-{_-
kh--Xzm-Zn-e-Wx I ss-Iy-cq-]-n-ep Advw A\p-k-m\w sNp--
XmWv {iWw. tI-Xns Aw bpn-]qw Nnn-p-
]mtcm-y-i-_ex kXym
-XmWv a\-\w. {ih-Wa - -\-\
- -fm kwi- b-cl
- n-X-ambn
Zym-I-kvXZv ]Zm`n[x II knn A-n Nnw m]n-p-d-n-p--XmWv
Nn-amWv Cu hnI-ev]-n\v aqe-Im-c-Ww. Nn-an- \nZn-[ym-k-\w. [ymXm-hn-s\bpw [ym\-sbpw Dt]-nv
s-n bmsXmcp hn[ hn-e] v -hp-an-. AXn-\m \o {]Xy-
Nnw tIhew t[yb-s-s hnj-b-cq-]-ambn Icp-X-
Kvkz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hn Nns GIm-{K-am-p-I. Ww. ]ns Imn-m m\v m]n Zo]w t]mse
AJ-m-\ kzcq-]-amb Bmhv kzkz-cq-]-am-sW-- \n-am-bn-cn-Ww. AXv kam-[n-bm-Wv.
dnv Cu Bm-hn Xs _mlym-`y- - c- ambn Ftmgpw
36. hr-bkvXp XZm-\oa I
B\--c- k-am- kz- Zn-p-I. sshcm-Ky- ns ^ew m\hpw
m\-ns ^ew D]-cX - n-bp-am-Wv. Bm-\-\ - p-`q-Xn- ]ymXm B-tKm-Ncm I
bm knn-p imn-bmWv D]-c-Xn-bpsS ^ew apn kvac-Wm-Z-\p-ao-b t I
kqNn-n--h-bn D-tcm--c-ambn Hp-an-s-n BZy- hyn-Xky kap- nXm II
h-kvXp-\n-jv^-e-am-Wv. hnj-b--fn \nv hnapn t\Sp-
- Xn-emWv ]c-a- Xr]vXn Bm- \w Aap- ]- a-am-Ip- p. amtbm- 37. A\m-Zm-hnl kwkmtc I
]m-[n-tbm-Sp-I q-Sn-bXpw PK-ns Dev]-n- m-\hpw knXm I tImSbx I
kh-m-XzmZn e-W-bp-nhpw ]mtcmy i_-fhpw At\\ hnebw bmn I
kXym-Zn-kz-cq-]-h-p-amb ]c-am-mhp Xs-bmWv XXv
iptm [tm hnhtX II
F i_vZ-m Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv.
N P

I 38. [ taL-anaw {]mlp I
kam[nx tbmK-hn-ax I
hj-tXyj bYm [m I
arX-[mcm kl-{kix II
39. Aap\m hmk-\m-Pmte I
\nxtijw {]hn-eo-btX I
kaq-tem-q-entXm ]pWy I
]m]mtJy I-k-tb II
40. hmIy-a-{]-Xn-_w kXv I
{]mIv ]tcm-m-h-Zm-ktX I
- -hXv t_m[ I
Icm-a-eI
a]-tcmw {]kq-btX II
kam-[n-bn hrn-I B cq]-hn-bp---fm-Wv.
AXp-sImv Hpw tXmp-n-. Fm kam-[n-bn
\np-W hyn-bpsS Dm-]n-X-hr-n-I kvac-W-
sImv A\p-am-\n-mw. Cu A\m-Zn-{]-]--n tImSn-
-W-n\v I- kn-X- am-Wv. Fm Cu kam[n
aptJ\ Ah-sbmw \-am-bn-tm-Ip-p. ip-[-
hn-p-p. D-a-tbm-K-th-m- kam-[nsb [-
ta-L-sav ]d-bp-p. ImcWw AXv taL-sa-tmWw
At\Iw kl{kw [mc-I-tfmsS hjn-p-p. kam-[n- bn
hmk-\m-ka- q-l- ]q-ambpw hnebw {]m]n-p-p.
]m]-]p-Wy-I-k-aq-l \in-n--s-Sp-tm B
Xz-akn F hmIyw BZyw ]tcm--m-\-cq-]-n
{]Im-in-p-p. ]ns ssIbnse s\n--sb-tmse
\njv{]bmkw A]-tcm m\w e`n-p-p.
41. hmk-\m-\p-Ztbm t`mtKy I
sshcm-Kyky XZm-h[n I
Alw-`m-thm-Zbm `mthm I
t_m[ky ]c-am-h[nx II
42. eo\-hr-t-c-\p-ev] -n I
acym-tZm-]-c-tXkvXp km I
nX-{]tm bXn-cbw I
- -iv\ptX II
bx kZm-\-a
43. {_-tWyh hneo-\mm I
\nhn-Imtcm hn\n-jv{Inbx II
44. \nhn-Iev]m N Nnm-{X
hrnx {]tXn IYytX I
km khZm `th-Zyky k I
Poh-p CjytX II
N P
371
45. tZtl-{n-t b-jz-lw-`mhx I K
CZw-`m-h-kvXZ- -\ytI I
bky t\m `hXx Izm]n I
k Poh-px DNytX II
t`mKy]Zm- - fn Xmev]cyw Dm- I- cp-Xv. As\
Xmev]cyw Dm-Im-Xn-cp-m sshcm-Ky-am-bn. Alw-`mhw
Dm-Im ]mSn-. Alw-`mhw Xosc-bn-m-Xm-bm AXv
m\-ns ]cm ImjvT-b m-Wv. AXp-t]mse ebw
{]m]n hrn-I hopw Dm-I-cp-Xv. AXv D]-c-Xn-bpsS
Ah-[n-bm-W.v As\ nX-{]--\mb bXn B\--a-\p-
`-hn-p-p. {_-n a\v ebn-h - \nhn-Im-c\pw
\njv{In-b-\p-am-bn-cn-pw. {_hpw Poh\pw tim[n--sv
cn-sbpw GIo-`m-h-n eo\-amb hrn-hn-Iev] cln-
Xhpw ssNX-\y-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p. Atm AXv {] Fv
]d-bs - -Sp-p. Bcn-emtWm Cu {] khZm DXv
Ah Poh-p--\m-Wv. tZtl-{n-bm-Zn-I-fn Alw-`m-h-
an-m--h\pw CX-msX A\y-]-Zm--fn CXv Fs-
Xm-Wv F `mh-an-m--h\pw Poh-p--\m-Ip-p.
46. \ {]XyKv {_-tWm t`Zw I
IZm]n {_-ktbmx I
{]bm tbm hnPm-\mXn I
k Poh-p CjytX II
47. km[p`nx ]qPy-amt\ f kvan I
]oUy-am-t\ f ]n ZpPss\x I
ka-`mthm `th-Zyky I
k Poh-p CjytX II
48. hnmX {_ XXzky I
bYm-]qhw \ kwkrXnx I
AkvXn tN k hnmXx I
{_ `mthm _ln apJx II
49. kpJm-Zy-\p-`thm bmh I
mhXv {]mc-_v[-an-jytX I
^tem-Zbx {Inbm-]qthm I
\njv{Intbm \ln Ip{X-NnXv II
50. Alw {_tXn hnm-\mXv
Iev]-tImSn iXmnXw I
knXw hnebw bmXn I
{]t_m-[mXv kz]v\-I-hXv II
Pohm-]c- -am- m- Hm-sWpw {_-n\p
krnpw Xn t`Z-an-spw _pn-sImv Adn-bp--
h-\mWv Poh-p-. k-\-M-A-M ]qPn-mepw ZpP-
 372

I \- ]oUn-n-mepw kZm kI-e-tcmSpw ka-`m-h\ mt\m-Z-b-n-\p-ti-jhpw ^ew \Ip-p. Rm AP- K

]pep-- h- \mWv Poh-p- . {_ XXzw {Kln--hs c-\m-W,v Rm Aa-c-\m-Wv, F \ne ssIh--h B-
Zrn-bn {]]w app I-Xp-t]m-se-b ImW-s-Sp- cq-]-\m-Ip-p. Ah\v {]mc_v[ I k-ev]- Fhn-
I. Ah app-I-- Xp-t]mse Xs- bmWv {]]w ImWp- sS-bmWv? m\nv {]mc_v[ I--fp- ambn _w C
-sX- n Ah {_-`mhw Adn- n-n- . tIhew Xs.
_lnap-J-\m-W-h. kpJm-Zy-\p-`q-Xn-I Dn-S-tmfw
56. {]mc_v[w knyXn XZm I
{]mc_v[ Ihpw Dv. ImcWw Hmtcm ^tem- Z-bhpw kw`-
hn-p- -X v {Inbm-] qh-amWv. {Inb-Iq-SmsX ^e-an- . bZv tZlm-\m nXnx I
DW-Xn-\p-tijw kz]v\-nse {Inb Ah-km-\n-p-- tZlm--`mthm ss\thw I
Xp-t]mse ""Rm {_-am-Wv. F t_m[w P\n-p-I-gn- {]mc_v[w XyPy-Xm-aXx II
m tImSn--W-n\v PwsImv Bn kn-X-
I-fpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.
57. {]mc_v[ Iev]-\m-]yky I
tZhky {`mn-tch ln II
51. kza-kw-K-ap-Zm-ko\w I
]cn-mb \t`m bYm I 58. A[y-kvXky IpX-kvX Xz I
\ n-jytX bXnx InnXv I ak-Xyky IptXm-P\nx I
IZm-NnXv `mhn I`nx II APm-Xky IptXm \mix I
{]c-_v[-a-kXx IpXx II
52. \ \t`m LS-tbm-tK\ I
kpcm-K-t\ en]ytX I 59. mt\\ m\-Im-cyky I
XYm f tm]m[n tbmtK\ I kaq-eky etbm bZn I
Xtm ss\h en]ytX II XnjvT-Xybw IYw tZl I
CXn i-htXm PUm II
53. mt\m-Z-bm-Xv]p-cm-c_v[w I
{]mc_v[w Dmbn-cn-p-Xv tZl-n B-_p-n-
I m\m\n \iyXn I
bp--tm-fm-W.v Fm ico-c- n B-`mhw k-e] v n-
AZXzm kz^ew ey I pI Hcn-epw {]nb-a-. AXn-\m tZl-nse B-
apn-tiym-r--_-W-hXv II _pn XyPnv {]mc-_v[- Iw XyPn- p- I. tZl-{`mn Pohn-
54. hym{Lm-_pym hn\naptm I-fpsS {]mc-_v[-I-k-ev]w am{X-am-W.v Fm {`mn-
_mWx]mp tKmaXu I bm k-n- -s-Xv kXy-am-Ip- -sX-s\? kXy-a-m- -
Xn\v P-sa-hnsS? P-an-m-- Xn\v \mi-sa- hnsS? Cs\
\ XnjvTXn `n\-tXyh I
Akpw AhkvXp cq]hpw Bb Hn\v Fhn-sS-bmWv
eyw thtK\ \n`cw II {]mc_v[ Iw? icocw Am-\I - m-cy-amWv? m\-
55. AP-t cm-kva y-a-tcm-kvaoXn I m AXv kaqew \-am-bm ]ns tZl-ns \ne-
\nsv? Cns\ kwi-bn-p m\n-Iv kam-
b Bm\w {]]-ZytX I
[m- \-am-bn-p {ipXn _mly-Zrym {]mc-_v[-s- n {]kvXm-
XZm-\m XnjvT-tXmky IpXx I hn-n-p-v .
{]mc-_v[-I -ev]\m II
60. kam-[mXpw _mly-Zrym I
Xm BIm-i-sa- tmWw Akw-K-\m- sWv \- t]mse {]mc_v[w hZ-Xn-{ipXnx I
{Klnv tbmKn `mhn-I--fn Aev]hpw en]vX-\m-Ip-
\Xp tZlmZn kXyXz I
n-. aZy-Ipw-`-n ImW-s-Sp BImiw aZy-K--
m en]vX-am-Ip-n-. AXp-t]mse D]m[n tbmK-m t_m[-\mb hn]-nXmw II
Bmhv AXns [-- fm en]vX-\m-In-. eyw ap 61. ]cn-]q-a -\m-Zy I
\nn hn-_ mWw eyw t`Zn- pw. AXp-t]mse
a{]-ta-b-a-hn-{Inbw I
mt\m-Z-b-n\p apv sN-s I- mt\m-Z-
b-n-\p-tijw ^ew \Ipw. sNbvX- Xns ^ew Fm- kZvL\w NnZvL\w \nXy I
bmepw A\p-`-hn-Ww. m\w sImv I-\miw kw`- am\ L\-a-hybw II
hn-p-n-. ISp-hsb Dt-inv Ab Av ]ip-hn-emWv 62. \n KpWw \njv{Inbw kqvaw I
sIm- sXv t_m[yw hmepw XS-bm km[y- a-. _mWw
eyw XIpw, AXp- t ]mse sN- s Iw
\nhn-Iev]w \nc-RvP\w I

N P

I AXn-cq-]y-kz-cq]w b
at\m hmNm atKm-Ncw II
63. kXv karw kzXx knw I
ipw _p at\m Zriw I
GI-ta-hm-Zzbw {_ I
t\l \m\mkvXn In\ II
64. kzm\p-`qXym kzbw mXzm I
kzam-m-\-a-J-nXw I
kknx kkpJw XnjvT I
\nhn-I-ev]m--\m-\n II
65. Iz KXw tI\ hm \oXw I
Ip{X eo\-anZw PKXv I
A[p-ss\h abm Zrw I
\mkvXn Inw al-Z-Zv`pXw II
66. Inw tlbw Inap-]m-tZbw I
Ina-\yXv Inw hne-Ww I
AJ-m-\-- ]o-bp-j
]q {_ almth
_mly-Zrym tZlm-Zn-I kXy-amWv Fv m\n-
Isf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m ]d-bp-p-. hmkvX-h-n ]cn-
]qhpw A\m-Zy-hpw A{]-ta-bhpw Ahn-{I-bhpw
kZvL-\hpw NnZvL-\hpw \nXyhpw B\-L - -\hpw Ahy-
bhpw GI-c-khpw ]qhpw A\-hpw kh-tXm-ap-
Jhpw Atl-bhpw A\p-]m-tZ-bhpw A\m-t[-bhpw A\m-
{i-bhpw \nKp-Whpw \njv{In-bhpw kqvahpw BWv
{_w. Cs\ kzm\p-`q-Xn-bn kzbw kzmm-hns\
AJ- n-X-sap IcpXn knn {]m]nv \nhn-Iev] kzcq-
]-amb Bm- hn kpJ- ]qhw nXn sNp Kpcp-hns
D]-tZiw tIv injy m\n-bm-bn-ov ]d-p. Cu
temIs Rm Ctm I- Xm-Wv. AXv Fhn- sS- tmbn?
AXns\ Bsc-Spp? AsX-s\ hnebw {]m]np? AXn-
msX t]mbXv ApXw Xs. AJ--amb B\-m-ar-X-
N P
373
m ]q-amb Cu {_-am-Ip kap-{Z-n F\nv K
FmWv XyPn-m-\p-Xv? FmWv kzoI-cn-m-\p-Xv
thsd-m-Wp-Xv? hne W-am-bn-p--sX-mWv?
68. \ Inn-Z{X ]iyman I
\ irtWman \th-Zvaylw I
kzm-ss\h kZm-\ I
cqt]-Wmkvan kze-Wx II
69. Akw-tKm f la\w tKm f l
aenwtKm f l alw lcnx I
{]imtm f la-\-tmlw I
]cn-]q-n-c-\x II
70. AIm f la-t`m-m-l
ahn-I mtcm f la-h ybx I
iptm t_m[ kzcqt]m f lw I
tIhtem f lw kZm-inhx II
71. GXmw hnZymw A]m--c-X-amb ZZu. A]m--c-
Xtam {_tW ZZu. {_m-tLm-cmw-Kn-ctk ZZu.
tLmcmw-Kncmx sscIzmb ZZu. ssctIzm-cm-amb ZZu.
cmax ktht`ymx `qtXt`ym ZZm-hn-tXy-X-nhm-Wm-
\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k-\-an-Xyp-
]-\ n-j-v.
Rm ChnsS Hpw Adn-bp-n-. tIp-n-.
ImcWw Rm kZm B\--kz-cq-]-amb kzm-cq-]-n
Xs-bmWv Rm kzbw kze--W-bp-X-\m-Wv. Rm
Akw-K\pw Ai-co-c\pw Aenw-K\pw lcn-bp-amWv Rm
F{Xbpw im\pw A\-\pw Nnc--\-\p-am-Wv. Rm
Im-h-. t`mm-h. Rm \nhn-Im-c\pw Ahn-\m-
inbpw ip\pw m\-kz-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. Rm tIhew
kZm-in-h-\m-W.v Cu hnZy Kpcp injy-\mb A]m-- c-X- a\v
sImSp-p. A]m--c-X-a {_m-hn\pw {_mhv tLmcmw-
Kn-c-n\pw tLmcmw-Kn- cv sscIz\pw sscIz cma\pw cma
kakvX {]mWn-Ipw \In. As\ CXv \nhm-Wm-
\p-im- k-\- am-Wv. thZm- \p-im-k- \-am-W,v thZm-\p-im- k-\- am-Wv.
Aym-tm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

I K
1 AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]-\n-jv3
imn-]mTw
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]q-
ap-Z-Nyp-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh
injytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]w ]q-am-
Wv. ]q-{_-
- n \npw ]q-{]-]w Dm-bn.
]q- n \nv ]qs FSp-mepw ]qw Xs A-b-Xn. Gh-a-q eWw apapp `ncq-]m-kyw.
Ah-ti-jn-p-p. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. AYm tXm Zzb Xmc-tIm-]\
- n-jZw
hymJym-kymtam bXtb PntX-{n-bmb ia-Z-
amZn jUv KpW-]qm-b.
2. NnXvkz-cqt]m lanXn kZm `mhbv kayMv
\nao-e n-X mx Inn-Zp- o-en-X mtm hm
ZrjvSym {`qZ-lc- m-Zp-] co kn-Zm-\ tXPx IpS-
cq]w ]cw {_-ht- em-Ibw kvX{Zpt]m `h-Xn.
3. K`-P-P
- c
- m-aW kwkm-ca- -lZv `bmXv kwXm-c-
bXn XXvkm Xmc-I -an-Xn. Poth-izcu ambnIu
h n mb k h - h n- t i j w t\ Xn t\ XoX n
hnlmb bZ-h-in-jytX XZ-Zzbw {_.
4. Xssy ey {Xbm\p km\x Ihyx
A\-cw AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]-\n-j-n-s\-n hni-Zo-I-
cn-mw. AXv PntX-{n-b-mcpw ia-Za- mZn jUvKp-Wb- p--
cp-am-bn-p kw\ym-kn-Iv thn-bp--Xm-Wv. Ip-
I AStm ]IpXn AStm B-cZ- r-jvSn-sImv ]pcn-
I-v apI-fn- ep m\v "Rm NnXvkz-cq-]- \mWv'
Fv \nc-cw Nnn-p-sImv kn-Zm-\ tXPx kzcq-
]-amb ]c-{_- s Zin-m X{Zq]w e`n- p-p.
GsXmcp a{w K`-P Pcm-a-cW kwkm-cmZn alm-]m-]-
-fn \npw XcWw sNn-n-p-Xv AXv Xmc-I-{_-
-sav ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Poth-iz-c- m ambn-I-am-sW--
dnv ap--sXmw "t\Xn' "t\Xn' Fp ]d-p-sImv
tijn-p-s - X-mtWm AXmWv {_w. AZzb {_-
kn- np aqp ey- A\p-k - m\w sNt- - Kpe kao- n- X p- c - a r- X Xzw `h- X n. b{X Ip{X
Xp- v.
5. tZl-at[y {_-\mUo kpjpav\m kqcy-cq-]nWo
]q N{m`m h-tX. km Xp aqem-[m-cm-Zm-
c`y {_-c { Kman\o `h-X n. Xt[y XSnXv
tI mSn- k - a m\ I m y m ar W m- f - k q- { X - h X v
kqvamwKo IpWvU-en-\oXn {]kn-m-kvXn. Xmw
ZrjvS zm a\- s skh \cx kh-] m-h n-] -\ m-i -Z zmc
N P
374
aptm `h-Xn. ^mtem[z Kf-e -emS hnti-j -a-
WvUte \nc-cw tXP-kvXm-cI - t- bmK hnkv^p-c-
tW\ ]iyXn tNXv kntm `h- X n. XP- \ y-
t{Kmao-enX I c{-Zztb X{X-^ qXv Imc
i_vtZm Pmb-tX. X{X-ntX a\kn Np a[y-
KX \oe-tPymXnx ew hntem-Iym- ZrjvSym
\nc-Xn-ib kpJw {]m]vt\m-Xn. Ghw lrZtb ]i-
tZl-ns a[y-n kpjpav\ F {_-\mUn
]q-N-{-s\-tmWw {]Im-i-bp--ambn nXn-sN-p-
p. AXv aqem-[m-c-n \nm-cw-`nv {_-c{w hsc
t]mIp-p. Cu \mUn-bp-sS a[y-n tImSn an ]nW-
cn\p Xpey-ambn Imn-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw Xmac hfbw
t]mse kqva-hp-amb {]i-kvX-amb IpWvU-en\o in
nXn-sN-p-p. a\km AXv Zin-m a\p-jy ]m]-
hn-ap--\mbn Xocp-p. s\n-bpsS apI-fn Hcp hnti-j-
a-WU v - e-n kv^pcn-p-sIm-n-cn-p tXP-ns\ Xmc-
I-tbm-K-kv^p-c-W-m Im Ah kn-\m-bn-o-
cpw. cp sNhn-bpsS Zzmc-fpw Nqp-hn-ce - ns A{Kw
sImv AS-m Hcp ^pXvIm-c-i_vZw tImw. AXn
a\-p-d - npw Ip-If
- psS a[y-n-ep \oe tPymXn
m\s AZrjvSym ImWp ]w At
As kpJw e`n-p-p. A{]-Imcw lrZ-b-n Zin-
m Ignbpw C-s\-bp Ae--Ws tamw
Cn-p--h D]m-kn-t--Xm-W.v
6. AY _lney eWw \mkn-Im-t{K-NX - p`nx
jUv `nc-jvS-`n Zi-`n ZzmZ-i`n: {IamZw Kpemt
\oe-ZypXn iymaXz kZrKv c `wKo-kv^p-cXv ]oX-
ip--h Ztbm t]X thyma-bZ- n-]i - yXn k Xp
tbmKn `h-Xn. Ne-ZrjvSym thyma-`mK honXpx
]pcp-jky ZrjvSyt{K tPymXna-bqJmx h-t.
Xi-t\\ tbmKo `h-Xn. X]vX Im\ kmi
tPymXna-bpJm A]mw Kmt `qau hm ]iy-Xn.
XZvZrjvSnx ncm `h-Xn. iotjm ]cn ZzmZ-imw-
kvYnXky inckn thyma tPymXn ZrjvSw tNXv
kXp-tbmKo `h-Xn.
_mly e-W - -sf-n ]d-bp-p. aqns A{K-
`m-K-p-\npw bYm-{Iaw \mev, Bdv, Fv, ]v, ]{v
AwKpew AI-e-n Idppw \oebpw hw t]mep-
Xpw Npa hns \ndw IeXpw AtXm-sSmw
a, shfpv Cu \ndw tXmn-p--Xp-amb {]Imiw

I BIm-i
- n ImWp-h
- tbmKn-bm-bn-o-cpw. N-e-
ZrjvS ym BIm-i - p-t \m-n-bm {]Im-i -In-c-W-
ImWmw. AXp ImWp-h - tbmKn-bm-Ipw. ZrjvSn-bpsS
A{K-`m-Kv Npp-]-gp-n kz-n-s\m tPymXna- ht-c-\-h-Im-im-Xv. Xkvam-Z-ZrjvS ym XmcI
bqJ ImWp-tm B ZrjvSn nc-am-Ip- p. Xebvv
apI-fn ]{-w-Kpew AsIe tPymXnns\ ImWp--
h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. FhnsS \nmepw sImmw.
Xe-bvp apI-fn thyma-tPym-Xnp ImWp--h tbmKn-
bmbn `hn-p-p.
7. AY a[y ey- e - - W w. {]mXn {XmZn
hm JWvU kqcy-N-{I-hZv hn Pzmem heo-
h Zznlo-\m- -co--a-Xv. ]iyXn XZm-I m-c m-I m-
cn-Xbm Ah-Xj - vT-Xn. XXv `qtbm Zi-t\\ KpW-
c-ln-Xm-Imiw `h-Xn. hnkv^p-c-m-c-Im-Imc kwZo-
]y-am-\m-KmV Xtam-]aw ]c-am-Imiw `h-Xn. Imem-
\-e-k-a-tZym-X-am\w alm-Imiw `h-Xn. kthm-XvIr-
jv S-]c
- -a-ZypXn {]tZym-X-am\w XXzm-I miw `h-Xn.
tImSn-kq-cy-{]-Imi ssh`h kmiw kqcym-Imiw
`hXn. Ghw _mlym-`y- -c - -thyma ]Iw
XmcI eyw. Xio hnap--^-ek - X
v m-Zr-Kvthyma
kamt\m `h-Xn. Xkva m- m-c I Gh ey aa
\kv I ^e- { ]Zw `h- X n. Xm- c Iw Zznhn[w
]qhm[ XmcIw D-cm[w AW-\k - vIc tNXn.
XtZj tmtIm `h-Xn.
8. XtZymKw NZzn[m hnn-]qthm-cw hn[m-\Xx
]qhw Xp XmcIw hnZym Z a\kvIw XZp--ca - n-
Xn.
a[y-ey e-W - {]`m-X-Im-ev Nn{Xm-Zn-
h-bp-a - mb AJWvU kqcy N{Iw t]msebpw
An Pzme-t]m-sebpw Ah-bn-msX BIm-i-n\p Xpey-
ambpw ImW-s-Spw. B `mh-n nc-ambn \nevmw.
AXns Ii-\-m hopw \nKp-Wm-Im-c-ambn Xocp-
p. Xnf-p \{Xw t]mse {]Im-in-Xhpw {]`m-X-
nse Ccp-p-t]m-se-bp-amWv Nc-am-Im-iw. alm- Im- i-am-Is
Imem-\-e-s\mw {]Im-i-am-\- am-Wv. XXzm-Imiw DXvIrjvS
{]Im-i-amXpw {]J-c-tPym-Xnv tN-Xp-am-Ip-p.
kqcym-Imiw tImSm-\p-tImSn kqcy-m-cpsS {]Im-i - n\v
Xpey-am-Wv. Cs\ ]pdpw AI-p-ap Cu ]m-
Im-i-fpw Xmc-I-e-y-am-Wv. CX-\p-k-cnv BIm-is
ImWp-h - AXn-s\-tmse _-\-ap--\m-bn-o-cpw.
Cs\ Cu Xmc-I-tbmKw cp-hn-[-ap-v. ]qhm-
sapw D-cm-sa-pw, CXn-s\-p-dn-p tmI- Iv A[o-\-am-Wv. shfn-bn-ep--Xp-t]mse AIpw
Cu tbmKw ]qh-sapw D-cs - apw cp-hn-[-am-Wv.
]qhs Xmc-I-sapw D-cs Aa-\-kvI-sapw ]d-
bp-p.
9. Ay--kvXm-c-I-tbm-{ kqcy {]Xn-^-e\w
`h-Xn. Xmcm`yw kqcy-N{ aWvUe Zi\w {_m-
WvU - a nh ]nWv U mWv U intcm- a -[ y- m- I mti
N P
375
chop aWvU -ae Zzntb akvXoXn \nn-X y-X m-c- K
Im`ymw Xi\ am{X-a m-W yp` ssbIy- Z rjvSym
at\m-bpw [ymtb-Xv. XtZymKm `mth C{n-b-{]-
Ghm\p ktbx
Ip-I-fpsS IrjvWa - W
- n-bm \mw kqcy-N-{-msc
ImWp-p-v. Ip-I- fm \mw _mly-{_- lvam-WvU- nse
kqcy-N-{-msc Zin-p--Xp-t]mse Xs inc-m-Ip
{_m-WvU-ns a[y-n nXn-sN-p kqcy-N-{-
msc \n-bnv Ahsb Zin-p-Ibpw cpw Hp-X-
s-bm-sWp IcpXn a\km Ahsb [ym\n-p-Ibpw
thWw. Fs-m a\-ns\ Cs\ `mh-\b - p--ambn
t\mn-bn-s-n C{n-b- hnj-b--fn {]hnp
XpS-pw. AXn-\m km[-I AZrjvSym Xmc-I-s-
s A\p-k-m\w sNt--Xp-v.
10. Xm-c Iw Zznhn-[ w. aqn Xmc-I -a -a qn
XmcIw tNXn. b{Zn- {n-b mw XXv aq- naXv
bZ{Zp bpKm-X oXw XZ-a qn-a Xv kh-{ Xmx
]Zm hnth-Nt\ at\m bpm-`ymk CjytX
Xmc-bm`ymw kZp[z kX-Xz-Zi-\m at\m
bpt- \ m cotW kn- X m- \ kzcq]w
{_sshx Xkva mXv ip-tX-tPm-abw {_tXn
knw XZv {_ a\x kl-I mcn Np-j m-
ZrjvSym thZyw `h-Xn. Gh-a-aqn-Xm-cI - a
- -hn-a-t\m-
bp-t\ Nqssjh `l-Zm-cm-ZnIw thZyw `h-
Xn. cq]-{K-lW {]tbm-P\ - ky a\- - pc Zo\-Xzm-
Xv. _mly-h -Zm-tc ]ym a\ p ktbm-
tK-ss\h cq]-{K-lW- -Im-tcym-Zb
- m-Xv. Xkvam-t- \m-
bp-m-Zr-jvSn-kvXm-cI {]Imtim `h-Xn.
aq-sapw Aaq-sapw XmcIw cp-hn-[-n-
ep-v. C{n-b--fpsS A-c-n-ep-Xv aqn-Xm-c-I-hpw,
cp-]q-cn-I-pw shfn-bn-embn ImWp-Xv Aaqn-
Xm-c-Ih- p-am-Wv. Fm-bn-Spw Dnse ]Zm--fpsS
hnth-N-\-m at\m-bp--amb A`ymkw Bh-iy-am-W.v
kXy-Zi-\m--I-amb a\-n-\m A\n-co- Ww
sNbvXm cp Xmc-I--fp-sSbpw apI-fn kn-Zm-\--
kz-cq-]a- mb {_s Zin-mw. AXn\npw {_lvaw
iphpw tXtPm-a-bh - p-am-sWv kn-am-bn. B {_s
at\m-bp--ambn Np-p-If - psS AZrjvSym I-dn-
b-Ww. Aaqn-Xm-c-Ihpw CtX-hn[w at\m-t\-{X--fm
Adn-tb-X - p-v. cq]-Zi-\-hn-j-b-n a\v Np-p-
cq]-{K-l -W -Im-cy- \S-p- p. AXn-\ m at\m-b p-
-a mb Np-pIfn Xs-bmWv Xmc-I-{]-Im-i-sap
]d-bmw.
11. {`qbp-Ka
- -[y-_nte ZrjvSnw XZzm-tcm[z-n-tX-
tXP Bhn`qXw Xmc-It- bmtKm `h-Xn. tX\ kl-
a-t\m-bpw XmcIw kpkw-tbmPy {]b-X vt \\
 376

I {`qbpw kmh-[m-\-Xbm InwNn-Zq[z-ap-Xtv -]t- b- tbmKtm tbmK-\n-jvT--k-Zm-tbm-Km--Ix- K

Xv. CXn ]qh-`mKo Xmc-I-tbmKx Dcw Xzaqn ipNnx
aZ-a-\kvX aZ-a-\kvX CXyp-Ny-tX. Xmep-aq-tem[z- 15. Kpcp-`n kam-bpx ]pcpj tm
`mtK alm tPymXn abptJm h-tX. XZvtbm- hnti-j Xx |
Kn-`nt[ybw Xkvam-ZWn amZn knn `h-Xn.
Ghw e-W-k --tm-Kp-cp-cp-Xy-`n-[o-btX
cp ]pcn-I--fp-sSbpw a[y-m-\-n\p apI-fn-em- 16. Kpi_vZ kvX-Imcx tkymXvcp k_vZ-
bn-p--tX-P-ns\ Zin-p--XmWv Xmc-It- bm-K-e-yw. kvX-n-tcm-[Ix |
kln-X-a-\km Xmc-Is kwtbm-Pn-nv bXv\-]qhw
A-Imc \ntcm-[-Xzm-ZvKp-cp-cp-Xy-`n-[o-btX
cp ]pcn-I- - sfbpw Aev]w Db-Ww. apI `mKs
AXm-bXv Aaqn-aXv `mKs Aa-\-kvI-sav ]d-bp-
17. Kpcp-tch ]cw {_-Kp-cp-tc-hh ]cm-KXnx |
p. Xmep-aq-e-ns Du[z-`m-K-n alm-tPym-Xn-ns Kpcp-tch ]cm-hn-Zym-Kp-cp-tch ]cm-bWw
Inc-W-a-WvUew hn-p-p. AXmWv tbmKn-Iv 18. Kpcp-tch ]cm-Im-jvTm-Kp-cp-tch ]cw [\w |
t[yb-am-bn-p--X.v CXn-\m AWn-am-Zn-kn-n-Ifpw ssIh- bkvamXv XZp-]t- Z-jvSm-ku-Xk - vamZv Kpcp-Xtcm
cp-p. Kpcp CXn.
12. A _mly-e-tym-ZrjvSu \ntatjm tj- 19. bx kIr-Zp-m-cb
- Xn Xky kwkmc tamN\w
hPn-Xmbmw kXymw imw`-ho-ap{Zm `h-Xn. Xq-{Zm- `h-Xn. |
cqV m\m-\n-hm-kmZv `qanx ]hn{Xm `h-Xn. XZv kh P-IrXw ]m]w XXv Wm tZh
ZrjvSzm kth temImx ]hn-{Xm. `h-n. XmZri
\iy-Xn. |
]c-a-tbm-Kn-]qP bky e`tX tkm ]n aptm
`h-Xn. khm Imam\ hm]vt\m-Xn. kh ]pcp-
jm knn |
13. A ey-Pe - -tPymXn kzcq]w `h-Xn. ]c-a-
`h-Xnb Ghw thtZ-Xyp-]-\n-jXv
Kp-cp-]-tZ-ti\ kl-{kmtc Pe-tPym-Xn hm _pn-
Kp-lm-\n-lnX tPymXn tPymXn hm tjmU-im- bYm-n Kpcp-kZv Kpcp Fp ]d-bp-Xv thZ-
Xpcob ssNX\yw hmeyw `h- n. k---X, hnjvWp-`-n, hna--c-Xzw, tbmK--X, tbmK-
Xi\w kZm-Nm-cy-aqew \n-jvT-X, tbmKm--I-X, ]cn-ip-n, Kpcp-`-n, ]c-am-m-
hn {i, Ch tN-h-\m-W.v Kp i_vZ-ns Aw
_mlym-`ym-c eyw ImWp-hm-\p km[-Is A-Im-c-sa-m-Wv. "cp' F-Xn\v tcm[n-p-Xv Fpw.
ZrjvSn nc-am-Ip-tm imw`ho ap{Z kw`-hn-p-p. Cu AXm-bXv A-Im-cs AI-p--h-\mWv Kpcp. Kpcp
ap{Z tN m\n-bpsS \nhm-k-`qan ]cn-ip--sav Icp- Xs-bmWv {_w. ]c-aa - mb KXn Kpcp-hm-W.v Kpcp Xs
X-s-Sp-p. Ahs\ ImWp--Xp-sIm-p-Xs kI-ecpw ]c-aK - Xn; ]cm-hn-Zybpw Kpcp-hm-Wv. ]mcm-b-Wt- bm-Ky\pw
]cn-ip--cm-Ip-p. C-s\-bp tbmKnsb ]qPn-p--h Kpcp-hm-Wv. ]c-Im-jvT, ]c-a[ - \w Chbpw Kpcp-hm-Ip-p.
apn--[o-\-\m-Ipw. ]c-a-Kp-cp-hns D]-tZ-i-m kl- Kpcp t{ijvT-cn t{ijvT-\m-Wv. Hcn--se-nepw AXp--
{k-Zf Ia-e - n tjmU-i-Ie A ey-am-Ip-p. cn-m kwkm-c-tam-N\w e`n-pw. kIe P--fn-sebpw
D-am-Nm-cy-\n-eq-sStbm CXv ImWm km[n-q. ]m]- \in-pw. kIe Ima-\-Ifpw knn-pw. kIe
14. BNmtcym thZ-k - t- m-hn-jvWp-`tm ]pcp-jm-fpw ssIhcpw Cs\ Adn-bp-h - \ - mWv
hna-cx | D]- \ n-
j - Zv m\n Fv Cu D]- \ n-
j v ]d-b p- p.
AZz-b-Xm-c-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

N P
 377

I K
1 AYh-in-tcm-]-\n-jv 3
imn- ]mTw tZh-m cp{Z temI-n-sen `K-hm cp{Z-t\mSv
tNmZnp: Av BcmWv? cp{Z ]d-p. Rm GI-\mWv
Hmw`Z{Zmw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
Rm `qX- `mhn h-am- \-Im- e--fn- ep- apv Rm\-msX Hcn-
]ty-am--`nb-P {Xmx nssc-c-ssK-kvXp--hmw-
Spw Hp-an-. Dns Dn nXn sNp-Xpw
k-kvX-\q-`n hytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXnx
kh-Zn-nepw hym]n-n-cn-p-Xpw Rm Xs \nXyhpw
\x Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkv Xn \x ]qjm hniz-
A\n-X y- h pw. hyhpw Ahy- hpw Rm Xs.
thZmx kzkvX n \ kvX mtym Acn t\anx
{_hpw A{_-hpw Ingv ]Sn-mdv hSv sXv
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]X - n Z[mXp
apI`mKw Xmsg-`mKw hnZn-p-I ]pcp-j ]pcp-j-\-m-
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp- I sImv awKfw {ihn-m- Xv kv{Xo Fmw Rm Xs-bm-Wv. Kmb-{Xn, kmhn-{Xn,
\n-S-h-c-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWm-\n-S-hc
- -tW. A\p-p-],v PK-Xn, {Xnmhv XpS-nb O-p-Ifpw Kml-
kpZr-V--fmb AwK--f mepw tZl-mepw \nsf ]-Xym-n, Zn-Wm-n, Bl-h-\o-bmn Chbpw kXyw,
kvXpXn-p-sImv tZh-m \n-bn-n-p Bbpp apgp- ]ip Kuco-cq-]w, EIv, bPp-,v kmaw, AYhw Fo thZ-
h\pw R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm- ItW. alm-Io-am-\mb Ch-sbmw Rm\m-Ip-p. AwKn-c-kv, tPymjvT,
C{ Rv awKfw Acp-f tW. kh--\mb t{ijvT, hcn-jvT, Pew, tXP-v, irw]y, Ac-Wy,
]qjzmhv Rv awKfw \I-tW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-K-Xn- A-cw, cw, ]pjvI-cw, ]]n-{Xw, A{Kw, a[yw, _mlyw
bmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-kv]Xn ]ptcm-`m-Kw, tPymXn-cq-]w, khhpw Rm\m-Ip-p. Rm
Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx kh hym]n-bm-Wv. Fs Adn-bp--h kh-tZ-h-m-
scbpw thZ-- sfbpw thZmw-K--sfbpw Adn-bp-p. Rm
1. tZhm l ssh kzw temI-am-bwkvtX cp{Z
{_m-Ws\ {_m-W-s\-smpw arKs arK-s-
a]r--tIm `hm-\n-Xn. tkm f {_ho-Z-l-taIx {]Y-
smpw lhn-ns\ lhn-p-sImpw Bbp-jys
a-am-k n-Zyman N \m\yx Inatm hyXn-
Bbpjyw sImpw kXys kXyw sImpw [s
cnx CXn. tkm f cm-Z-cw {]mhn-iyXv Zntim
[w sImpw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-p. tZh-m im-Ip-e-
hycw {]mhn- i - X v . tkm f lw \nXym- \ ntXym
cmbn At-l s t\mn [ym\np AXn-\ p-tijw
hym hytm- { _- mlw {_mlw {]mx
Dbnb ssII-tfmsS Ah kvXpXn-p.
{]Xytm f lw Zn-W DZtm f lw A[
tm[zw Nmlw Zni {]Xn-Zn-i - mlw ]pam-\- 1. Hmw tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b {_m
]p-am kv{Xnb-i--lw. Kmb-{Xylw kmhn-{Xyplw Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{Xn]v PK- X y- \ p- j v S p]v Nmlw Otm f lw 2. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b hnjvWpkvX
KmltXym Zn- W mn cml- h - \ otbm f lw kvssa ssh \tam \ax
ktXym f lw Kuclw Kucy-l-ar-Klw bPq-clw
3. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b kvIkvX
kmam- l - Y hmw- K n- c - t kmlw tPymjv t Tm f lw
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
t{ijv t Tm f lw hcnjv t Tm f lw Bt]mlw
tXtPm f l Krtlym f la-ctWym f lw A-c- 4. tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm b C{kvX
alw c-alw ]p]vI-c-alw ]hn-{X-alw A{Kw N kvssa ssh \tam \ax
a[yw N _ln ]pc-k v X mXv tPymXn cl-tah 5. tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm bmnkvX
kth thyma-tah k kth kam tbm amw thZ kvssa ssh \tam \ax
k tZhm thZ k khmw thZm kmwKm- 6. tbm ssh cpt{Zm k `K-hm b hmbp kvX
\]n {_ {_m-ssW Kmw tKm`n {_m-Wm kvssa ssh \tam \ax
{_m- t Wy- \ , lhnl- h n- j m, Bbp- c m- b p- j m,
7. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b kqcy kvX
ktXy\ kXyw, [tWm [w, X- b m-a n.
kvssa ssh \tam \ax
tkz\ tXPkm XtXm ] ssh tX tZhm cp{Z-a-]r-
tX tZhm cp{Z-] -i y tX tZhm cp{Z-a-[ ym- 8. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm b tkmakvX
iwkvtX tZhm Du[z _mlthm cp{Zw kvXp\z-n. kvssa ssh \tam \ax

N P
 378

I 9. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm bmu{Klmx 31. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y kXyw Xkvssa K
\kvssa ssh \tam \ax ssh \tam \ax
10. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hmt\y Nmu {]Xn- 32. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y khw Xkvssa
{KlmkvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax ssh \tam \ax
11. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y `qkvXkvssa cp{Z-\mb bmsXmcp `K-hm-\mb Av {_m-hm-Wv.
ssh \tam \ax A-s\-bp Av \a-kvImcw \a-kvIm-cw. Av
12. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N`phkvXkvssa hnjvWp-cq-]-\m-W.v Abvv \a-kI v m-cw. Av kvI-cq-
ssh \tam \ax ]\pw C{-cq-]\pw An-cq-]\pw hmbp-cq-]\pw kqcy-cq-
13. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm bm N kzkvX ]\pw tkma-cq-]\pw A-{K-l-cq-]\pw {]Xn-{K-l-cq-]\pw
kvssa ssh \tam \ax `qcq-]\pw `phcq-]\pw kzcq-]\pw alcq-]\pw ]rYzo-
cq-]\pw A-co--cq-]\pw Zyucq-]\pw Pe-cq-]\pw tXtPm-
14. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y al kvXkvssa
cq-]\pw Ime-cq-]\pw ba-cq-]\pw arXyp-cq-]\pw Aar-X- cq-
ssh \tam \ax
]\pw BIm-i- cq-]\pw hniz-cq-]\pw qe-cq-]\pw kqva-
15. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N ]rYnho cq-]\pw IrjvW-cq-]\pw ip-cq-]\pw kXy-cq-]\pw kh-
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax cq-]\pw BWv Av. A- s\- bp Abvv \a- kvImcw
16. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym--cow \a- kIv m-cw.
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax 3. `qkvtX BZna[yw `qhkvtX kzkvtX iojw
17. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym N ZyukvX hniz-cqt]m f kn, {_ss-I -k -X zw, Zzn[m-{Xn[m
kvssah \tam \ax _-kvXzw, imn-kvXzw, ]pn-kvXzw, lqXp-ap-lp-
18. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ymm ]x Xkvssa Xw, Z-a-Z-w, kh-a-khw, hniz-a-hn-izw, IrX-
ssh \tam \ax a-Ir-Xw, ]c-a-]-c-]-cm-b-Ww, N Xzw, A]m-a-tkm-a-a-
19. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y tXPkvX arXm A`q-am-K tPymXn-c-hn-Zma tZhm Ina-kvam
kvssa ssh \tam \ax XrW-h-Z-c mXnx Inap [on carXw ayw N
tkma-kqcyx ]pc-kvXmXv kqvax ]pcpjx khw
20. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y-m-Imiw
PK- nXw hm GX- Z - cw {]Pm- ] Xyw kuayw
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
]pcpjw {Kmly-a-{Km-tlyW `mhw `th-\, kuayw
21. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y ImekvXkvssa kutay-\, kqva w kqvta-W, hmbhyw hmb-
ssh \tam \ax thy-\, {KkXn Akvssa alm-{K-kmb ssh \tam
22. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y bakvXkvssa \ax lrZnmx ssZhXm khm lrZn {]mtW {]Xn-
ssh \tam \ax jvTnXmx lrZn Xzakn tbm \nXyw Xnt{km am{Xmx
23. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y arXypkvX ]ckvX p kx Xtkym- -c Xx intcm, Zn- W Xx
kvssa ssh \tam \ax ]mZu b D-c X k Hmmcmx, b Hmmc k
24. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\ym arXw Xkvssa {]Whx bx {]Whx k kh-hym]o bx khym]o
ssh \tam \ax tkm f \tm tbm f \-k vX -mcw bmcw
XXv ipw bZv ipw XXv kqvaw bXv kqvaw
25. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y hnizw ssh
XZv sshZypXw bZv sshZypXw XXv ]c-{_ bXv
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
]cw {_k GIx k GIx k cpt{Zm tbm cp{Zx
26. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y qew Xkvssa k Cuimt\m b Cuimt\m k `K-hm atl-izcx
ssh \tam \ax
atl-iz- \mb `K-hm-s\, `qtemIw A-bpsS Xmgs
27. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y kqvaw `mKhpw `qh temIw a[yhpw kztemIw intcm-`m-Khpw
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax BIp- p. Av hniz- cq- ]- n {_-cq- ]-am- Ip-p. ap hn[-
28. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y ipw Xkvssa n-ep--h-s\v tXm-sSpw Av hrn-cq-]\pw imn-
ssh \tam \ax cq-]\pw lpX-cq-]\pw Alp-X-cq-]\pw Z-cq-]\pw AZ--
29. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-hm\y IrjvWw cq-]\pw kh-cq-]\pw Akh-cq-]\pw hniz-cq-]\pw Ahn-
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax iz-cq-]\pw IrXm-Ir-X-P-]\pw ]cm-]-c-cq-]-\pw ]cm-b-W-cq-]-
30. tbm ssh cp{Zx k `K-h\y Irv\w \p-am-W.v Av Rv tkma-cq]amb AarXw \In
Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax Rsf Aar-X-cq-]c - m-n. R tPymXnx kzcq-]-cmbn

N P

I i{Xp-v Rsf ]oUn-n-m km[y-a-. AarX
kzcq-]-\m-W-v. kqcy-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. Ap Xs PKXv
Ieym-W-Im-cnbmIpp. Ap-Xs kz t{]c-W-bm
{Klys {Kmly- mepw `mhs `mh- mepw
kuays kuay-mepw hmbp-hns\ hmbp-hn-\mepw
{Kkn- n- cn- p--Xv. Cs\ alm{Kkn- bmb Atbvv \a-
kvIm-cw. kI-e-Xn-sbpw lrZ-b-n A-bpsS hmk-
ap-v. aqp am{X-Ifpw Ahbvv AXo-X-am-Wv. hSv
AXns incpw sXv ]mZhpw nXn-sN-p-p. hSv
HmwIm-c-cq-]-am-Wv. Hmw Imcw {]W-ha - m-Wv. {]Whw Xs-
bmWv B kh-hym]n. kh-hym-]n-bmWv A\-; A\-
Xs Xmc-Ic - q]w; Xmc-Ic
- q]w Xs kqva-cq]w
kqva-cq]w Xs ipw; ipw Xs hnZypXv cq]w;
hnZypXv cq]w Xs B ]c-{_-w. ]c-{_cq]w Xs
GI-cq- ]w. GI cq]w Xs-bmWv cp{Z-cq-]w. cp{Z- cq]w Xs-
bmWv Cuim- \- cq-]w. Cuim- \cq]w Xs-bmWv B `K- hm
atl-iz-c.
4. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX Hmmtcm bkvam-Zp-m-cy-
amW Gh {]mWm-\ q[z apXv {Ima-bXn Xkva m
ZpNytX HmwImcx AY Ikvam-Zp-N ytX {]Whx
bkv a p- Z p- m- c y- a mW Gh EKyPqx kmam- Y
hmMvctkm {_ {_m-tW`yx {]Wm-a-bXn \ma-
bXn N Xkva m-Zp-N ytX {]Whx AY Ikvam- p-
NytX kh-hym]n Xkvam Zpm-cy-amW Gh bYm
]e-e-]o-WA - -[-anh im-cq] tam Xt{]m-X-a-\p-{]m-
]vtXm, hyXn-kr- Xkvam-Zp-NytX khym-]n.
AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX A\tm bkvam-Zp-m-cy-amW
Gh Xncy-Kq[z-a-[ -k vXm Akymtm t\m]-e -
`ytX Xkvam ZpNytX f \x AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX
Xmcw bkvam Zpm-cy-amW Gh K`-P--hym-[n-P-
cm-a-c -W -k w-km-c -a-l m-` -b m- m-c-b Xn {XmbtX N
Xkvam ZpNytX Xmcw. AY-I-kvam-Zp-NytX ipw
bkv am Zpm- c y-a mW Gh Zt ma-b tX N
Xk v a m- Z p- N ytX ipw . AY Ikvam- Z p- N ytX
kqvaw. bkvam-Zp-m-cy-amW Gh kqvaw `qXzm
ico-cm-Wy-[n-Xn-jvTXn khmWn NmwK-\y`n ariXn
Xkvam-Zp-NytX kqvaw. AY-Ikvam ZpNytX ]cw
{_w bkvamXv XXv]-c-a-]cw ]cm-bWw N _rlXv
_rlXym _rwl-bXn Xkvam ZpNytX ]cw {_.
AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX GtIm bx khm {]Wm
kw`y kw`--tW-\mP kwkr-PXn hnkr-PXn
N. Xo-tatI {hPn Xo-tatI ZnWmx
{]Xy DZ- - { ]mtm f `n{h- P tm tXjmw
kthjm anl-kw-KXnx kmIw k GtIm `qX--
cXn {]Pm-\m-kvXkvam ZpNytX GIx AY Ikvam-
`p-NytX cp{Zx bkvam-Zr-jn`nx \mss\y`ssx E
Xaky cq]-ap-] -e`- ytX Xkvam-Zp-NytX cp{Zx AY
Ikvam-Zp-NytX Cuim\x, bx AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX
N P
379
`K-hm atl-izcx, bkvamZv `m mt\\ `P- K
Xy-\p-Kr-lvWmXn NhmNw kwkr-PXn hnkr-PXn N
khm `mhm ] cn- X yPy B - m- t \\
tbmssKiz tcyW alXn alo-btX Xkvam-Zp-NytX
`K-hm atl-izcx XtZ-XZv cp{Z Ncn-Xw.
Hmw Imc-sa- p--cn--s-Sp--sX-p-sImv? ImcWw
AXp-c - n-p--Xn\v {]mWs\ apI-fn-temv hen-tn
hcpp; {]Whw Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-sav? AXp--cn-
p-tm EIn, bPp- ,v kmaw, AYhw Fo \mep thZ-
-sfbpw AwKn-cv, {_w, {_m-W Fn-h-tbbpw
\a-kvIc - n-tn hcp-p. AXp-sImv {]Whw Fp
t]cp-hp; kh-hym]n Fp ]d- b-s-Sp--sX-p-sImv?
Fn F-sb--t]mse A{]-Xy--ambn kh-N-cm-N-
c- -f nepw hkn- p- p. D-c n- p-t m apI- f ntem
Xmsgtbm Xncy-p-If - ntem Aw ImWm km[n-m--
Xn- \m A\- Fp ]d- b-s-Spp; K`w, Pw, hym[n,
Pc, acWw Fnh he-bvp kwkm-c-a-lm-`b - -n
\npw XcWw sNn-p--Xn-\m XmcIw Fp ]d-b-s-
Spp; D-cn-p-tm tZw AXm-bXv Bbmkw Dm-Ip-
-Xn-\m ipw Fp ]d-bs - -Spp; D-cn-p-tm
kqva cq]-tmSpIqSnb mh-cm-Zn-I-fmb kh-n-
sbpw ico-cs A[o-\a - m-p--Xp-sImv kqvaw
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p; D- cn--s-Sp-tm qe-amb Xtam-
h- - bn {]Imiw Dm-Ip- -Xp-sImv sshZypXw Fp
]d-bs - -Spp; ]cm-]-c-sbpw ]cm-b-W-sbpw _rl-
mb hoW-bm mX-am-p--Xn-\m ]c-{_-s - av
]d-bs - -Sp-p; Fm {]mW--sfbpw `nv AP-cq-]-
tmsS Dev]n kwlm-cmZnI sNp--Xp-sImv GI-
s\v ]d-b-s-Sp-p; sXpw ]Sn-mdp hSpw Ingpw
D kIe Xo-- fnepw kv\m\w sNp--hc - p-sSbpw
kXvKXn CXp Xs-bmIpp; kIe Pohn-I-fp- sSbpw IqsS
GI cq]-n hkn-p--Xn-\m GI-s\p ]d-b-s-Sp-
p. kzcq-]-sa-sv ap\n-amp am{Xta Adn-bm-\m-hpI-
bpq. ap--hv km[y-a-m--Xn-\m cp{Z-s\p ]d-
b-s- Sp-p. Cuim- \o, P\\o in- I- fm thZ-sf kzm[o-
\-n shn-cn-p-XpsImv Cuim-\ Fp ]d-b-
s-Sp-p. iqc-\mb Asb R ]men\p thn ]ip-
hns\ {]km-Zn-n-p--Xp-t]mse kvXpXn-p-p. C{-cq-]-
n Ap Xs- bmWv {]]- - n\v Cui\pw Znhy- Zi-
\-bp-\pw. AXn-\m Av Cuim-\ Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-
p. kIe `mh-fpw ssIhnv B-m\w sImpw
tbmssK-izcyw sImpw Xs aln-a-bm nXn sNp-
-Xn-\m Av atl-iz-c F-dn-b-s-Sp-p. CXv cp{Z-N-
cn-XamIpp.
5. Gtjm l tZhx {]Zntim \p khmx ]pthm
l PmXx k D Kt` Ax k Gh PmXx k P\n-
jyamWx {]XyMv P\m-kvXn-jvTXn khtXm apJw
GtIm cpt{Zm \ ZznXob bkvX kvssa b Cam
 380

I temIm-\o-iX Cuim-\n`nx {]Xy-MvP-\m-kvXm-jvTXn ]pcp-j\pw B inbm Am-Zn-I {]Zm\w sNbvXv K

kwNp-tIm-Nmx Imte kwkr-Py-hnizm `qh-\m\n Pohn-Isf arXyp-hn \npw cn-p-Xv B B- m\
tKm]v X m tbm \nw tbm\n- a - [ nXn jv T tXytIm {]Z Xs. A NXpam-{X-bm imn {]Zm\w
tbt\Zw k- c Xn hnN- c Xn khw Xao- i m\w sNbvXv Atlw _-n \nv tamN\w \Ip-p.
hcZw tZh-aoUyw \nNm-tcyamw imn aXy--taXn cp{Zs {]Y-a-am{X {_m-hns c h-n-s-Xm-W.v
amw lnXzm tlXp Pmeky aqew _pymkp tht]mse [ym\n-m {_- ]Zw e`n- p- p. cm- as
NnXw m]bn Xzm Xp cpt{Z cp{Zta IXz-amlpx. am{X hnjvWp- hns IrjvW-h- n-s-Xm-W.v AXv kZm
imizXw ssh ]pcmW anl aqtP\ ]ithm f [ym\n-p-- h hnjvWp ]Zs {]m]n- p- p. aqm- as
\p \ma-bw arXyp ]mim XtZ-tX-\. B-t- am{X Cuim\ tZhs ]oX h- n- s-Xm-Wv. AXv [ym\n-
tX-\m NXp amt{XW imnw kwkr-PXn p--h Cuim\ ]Zw {]m]n-p-p. A {]Xy
]mihn tamWw km bm {]Yam am{Xm {_-tZ- am{X kh thZ kzcq-]-ambn Ahy--ambn BIm-i-n
h-Xym-cm ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtX \nXyw k k-cn-p-p. AXns \ndw ip kv^SnI Xpey-amWv
KtXv {_mw ]Zw bm km ZznXobm am{Xm AXns\ [ym\n-p--h apn {]m]n-p-p. A-am{X
hnjv W p tZhXym Irjv W m ht\ bkv X w am{Xw D]m-kn-m aXn FmWv ap\n-am-cpsS aXw. Cu
[ymbtX \nXyw k KtXv sshjvWhw ]Zw bm D]m-k-\-bm I-_w tOZn--s-Sp-p. CtX Dc
km XrXobm am{Xm Cuim\ tZhXym I]nem am-n-eq-sS-bmWv tZh-mcpw ]nXr-fpw aljn-amcpw
ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtX \nXyw k KtssZ Kan-p--Xv. CXp Xs ]cm-]-chpw ]mcm-bW - -hp-amb
im\w ]Zw bm km AZ-Pv[-N-Xpo am{Xm kh- amw Xe-ap-Sn-bpsS A{Kw t]mse AXn-kq-va-n-ep
tZ-h Xm f hyo-`qXm Jw hnN-cXn ip kv^Sn-I- lrZ-b-n \nh-kn-p hniz-cq-]\pw tZh-cq-]\pw Bb
k-n-`m-ht\ bkvXmw [ymbtXm \nXyw kwK- ]c- am-m-hns\ Xs lrZ- bm- `mKp ImWp m\n-
tbv ]Z-a-\m-aIw XtZX ap]m-koX ap\tbm hmKz- I- fmWv imnsb {]m]n- p--Xv. ap- - h- c- . t{Im[-Xr- jvW-
Zn \ Xky {KlW abw ]m hnlnX D- Iv Imc-W`- qX-amb aqew XyPnv knX I-
tcW tb\ tZhm bmn tb\ ]nXtcm tb\ _pn-] qhw cp{Z-\ n kan- m At-l -h p-ambn
Ejbx ]c-a-]Zw ]mcm-bWw tNXn hmam-{K-am{Xw XmZmyw {]m]n-p-p. imiz-X\pw ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j\pw
cp{Z Xs. AXn-\m kzi-n-bmepw X]-n-\mepw
lrZ-bky at[y hnizw tZhw PmX-cq]w htcWyw
Atlw temIw \nb-{n-p-p. An hmbp Pew ew
Xam- w tb \p ]iyn [ocm kv t Xjmw
Fnh thyma-m `kva-cq-]-am-Ip-p. C-s\-bp `K-
imn`-hXn t\X-tcjmw bkvan t{Im[w bm N
hm ]ip-]-Xn-bpsS `kvaw BcpsS ico-c-n ]Xn-p-
XrjvWm amw N XrjvWmw lnXzm tlXp-Pm-eky
pthm Ah\pw `kvas t]mse- bm-bn- o- cp-p. Cs\
aqew _pym kwNnXw kvXm]-bnXzm Xp apt{Z cp{Z-
]ip-]-Xn-bpsS {_-cq-]-amb `kvaw Pohn-I-fpsS _-\-
ta-I-Xz-amlpx apt{Zm ln imiz-tXh ssh ]pcm-tW-
hn-tO-Z-\-n\v Imc-W-ambn `hn-p-p.
t\j aqtPW X]km \nb-m. An-cnXn `kva,
hmbp-cnXn `kva , Pe-anXn `kva , Pe-anXn `kva , 6. tbmu cpt{Zm tbm]vkz-cy Hmj-[o hncp[
e-anXn `kva, thymtaXn `kva, khw lhm Bhn- t hi b Cam hnizm `qh- \ m\n Nmnth
CZw `kva-a\ GXm\n Npjn bkva m-{Z-X -anZw Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam-kvXz-tb tbm cpt{Zmu
]mip-]Xw bZv `kva-\mw-Km\n kwkv]r-ti--kvamZv tbm cp{Z Hmj-[ o hocp[ Bhn-th-i tbm cp{Z
{_-X-tZ-XXv ]mip-]Xw ]ip-]mi hntam--Wm. Cam hnizm `qh-\ m\n Nmth Xkvs sa cp{Zmb
ssh \tam \ax tbm cp t{Zm f ]vk p tbmcp{Z
kIe Znp-I-fnepw hkn-p-Xv Htc Hcp tZh Hmj- [ ojp tbm cpt{Zm h\ kv ] Xnjp tb\
Xs; Atlw BZyw P\n- p. a[y-nepw Atlw Xs. cpt{ZW PK-Zp[z-[m-cnXw ]rYnho Zzn[m-{Xn-[m
taen P\n-p-Xpw Atlw Xs. Atlw Hmtcm [mcnXm \mKm tb f cot Xkvssa cp{Zmb
{]mWn-bnepw hym]n-n-cn-pp; temIw apgp-h \nb-{n- ssh \tam \ax. aq[m-\ -aky kwko-h ym-[ hm
p-p. CsXmw Htc Hcp cp{Z Xs. HSp-hn Fmw
lrZbw N bXv akvXnjvIm Zq[zx ss{]c-bXv ]h-
At-l-n ebn-pw. hnizs krn-p-Xpw kwl-
amt\m f [n iojXx XZzm AYhWx intcm tZh-
cn-p-Xpw B cp{Z Xs. kh Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw
tImix kap-nXx XXv {]mtWm f `nc-Xn intcm
A`m-Kv hkn-p-p. Cu Cuim-\s\ [ym\n-m
f atYm a\x\ N Znthm tZh Pt\\ Kp]vXm
am{Xta a\p-jy\v ]c-a-amb imn e`n-m km[n-q.
\hm--c o-mWn \h-`qa Cam-b-kvan-n-Zw kh-
kh-X npw Ifw tNp Am\w XyPnv
tam-X-t{]mXw b kvamZ-\y--]cw In\m kvXn \
knX I- _pn- bm cp{Z-\n Xs An- m
XkvamXv ]qhw \ ]cw XZkvXn \ `qXw \tXm
]c- am- m- hp- ambp sFIyw ssIh- cpw. imiz-X\pw ]pcmW
`hyw bZm-koXv kl-{k-]m-tZI aq[m hym]vXw
N P
 381

I k G thZ-am-]-co-hn `qXw A-cmXv kwPm- \nv temI--fpw D-hn-p-p. Atlw X]p sNp- K
btX Imex ImemZv hym]I DNytX hym]tIm ln tm kXyw Dm-Ip-p. XpSv AarX {]hmlw Dm-
`K-hm cptZm `mKm bamt\m bZm titX cp{Z Ip-p. B {]hmlw imiz-Xa - m-Ip-p. AXv ]c-a-amb ]X-
kvXZm kwl-ctX {]Pmx Dn-kotX Xtam `hXn m-Wv. AXv Pew, tPymXn-v, ckw, Aar-Xw, {_w `qx
Xak Bt]m-]vkzw-Kpeym aYntX aYnXw inintc `hx kzx Fn-h-bmbn ]cn-W-an-p-p.
inincw aYy-am\w t^t\m-`-hXn t^\m Zw `h-
7. b CZ- a - Y h intcm {_mtWm f [otX
Xy-WA- -[mXv hmbp {_m-`-h-Xn. {_tWm hmbpx
At{im-{Xnbx t{im{Xntbm `h-Xn. A\p-]-\oXx D]-
hmtbm-cmw-Imcx Hmwm-cmXv kmhn{Xo kmhn{Xym
\otXm `hXn tkm f n ]qtXm `g-Xn. k hmbp
Kmb-{Xn, Kmb{Xym temIm `hn A-bn X]x
]qtXm `h-X n. k kqcy-] qtXm `h-X n. k tkma-
kXyw A[y--cn bZv {[phw GXn ]caw X]x
]qtXm `h-X n. k kXy-] qtXm `h-X n. k kh
Bt]m tPymXn ctkm f arXw {_ `q`phx
]qtXm `h- X n. k ksshtZsshx mtXm
kztcmw \a CXn.
`hXn k ksshx tZsshx mtX `h-Xn. k
An- b nepw Pe- nepw IpSn-s Im- p cp{Z kssh thssZ-c-\p-[ymtXm `h-Xn. k kthjp
XsbmWv sNSnI-fnepw hr--fnepw D-Xv. kakvX Xotjp kv\mtXm `h-Xn. tX\ ksshx {IXp-
hnizhpw krn-n-p B An-cq-]-\mb cp{Z\v \a-kI v m- `n- c nw `hXn Kmb{Xymx jjv S n kl- { kmWn
cw. sNSn-I-fnepw hr- -fnepw An-bnepw nXn sNp- P]vXm\n `h-n. CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-Wm\mw cp{ZmWmw
-h\pw kIe hniz-ns {km-hp-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI v m- KX-k -l - { kmWn P]vX m\n `h- n. {]W-h m-\ m- a -
cw. hr--fnepw sNSn-I-fnepw Pe-nepw hkn-p-- bpXw P]vXw `h-Xn. B Npjx ]wnw ]p\m-
h\pw Cu hnizs [cn-n-cn-p--h\pw cp {]Im-c- \n. B k]vXa - mXv ]pcp-j-bp-Km ]p\m-Xo-Xyml
nepw (in-h in) aqp {]Im-c-nepw (kXz cP- `K-hm-\ -Yh-i ncx kIrXv P]vs sXzh ipNnx kx
kvXapI) `qansb \bn-p--h\pw k-[m-cn-bp-amb ]qXx ItWym `h-Xn. ZznXobw P]vXzm KWm-[n-
cp{Z `K-hm\v \a-kIv m-cw. cp{Zs {]W- h-kz-cq- ]-amb aq[m- ]-Xym-a-hm-]vt\m-Xn. XrXobw P]vXzm Gh-tah A\p-
hns\ D]m-kn-m inhs DX nXn ssIh- cp- p. D]m- {]-hn-itXymw kXytamw kXyw
kn-m--]w A[x]X-\-am-Wv. Fm tZh-m-cp-sSbpw
kmaq-lnI cq]w cp{Zs akvXIamWv. AXns {]mW\pw Cu AYh-in-tcm-]-\n-jv hmbn-p {_m-W
a\pw intcm- c--I- am-Wv. tZh-mv X\nsb `qan-sbtbm thZ--\-s- nepw thZ--\m-bn-o-cpp. A\p-]-\o-X-
BIm-i-stbm kz-stbm Hn-s\bpw cn-m \m-sW-nepw D]-\o-X\v Xpey-\m-Ip-p. An, hmbp,
in-bn-. kI-eXpw cp{Z-\n AS-p-p. At-l-n- \- kqcy, tkma, kXyw Fn-h-sb-tmse Ah ]cn-
pdw bmsXm-p-an-. aqp `qX-`-hnjy Ime--fnepw Hpw ip--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah kh{X hnip--\m-Ipp.
Dm-bn-n-. kl{k ]mZ\pw kl{k inc-p-h-\p-amWv- Ah ssZh- \pw thZ-PvV\pw kh-Xo-k\ v m-\-]p-
At-l w. kh`qX hym]vX- \m-W-t -l w. Ime-ns Wy-hm\pw Bbn-o-cp-p. Fm b-fpw sNbvXm-
D]n A-c-n \np-am-Wv. Imew hym]-Ia - m-Wv. ep ^ehpw Ah\v Inp- p. CXn- lm-k-]p-cm-W- A[y-
hym]-I\pw t`mKmbam\-\p-amb cp{Z ibn-m kIe b\w sNbvXv ^ehpw Hcp ew cp{Z-\ma P]-ns
Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw Ayw kw`-hn-p-XmWv. ]ns At- ^ehpw ]Xn-\m-bncw {]Whw P]n ^ehpw Ah\v Inp-
l-ns izmkwsImv Xapw aX-n \nv Pehpw p. Ahs\ ImWp--Xp-sImv Xs Bfp-I ]cn-ip--
Dm- Ip- p. B Pew hnc-ep-I-fm aYn--s-Sp-tm inin- cm-IpXmWv. Ah Xs Ggp Xe-ap-dI - sf ]cn-ip--am-
cp-hnse t]mse ap-m-Ip-p. AXns\ aY\w p-sav ]d-n-p-v. Cu AYh intcm-]-\n-jv Hcn-
sNp-tm \pcbpw, \pc-bn \nv Ahpw A- P]n-m Ah ]cn-ip-\pw Im-[n-Im-cn-bp-am-
n \nv {_hpw Dm-Ip-p. {_mhn \nv Ip-w. cm-aXv P]n-m KWm-[n-]-Xn-bmIpw aqp-hw P]n-
hmbphpw hmbp-hn \nv Hmwm-chpw Hmm-c- n \nv m kXy-kz-cq-]-amb Hmm-c-n {]th-in-p-p.
kmhn- {Xnbpw kmhn-{Xn-bn \nv Kmb-{Xnbpw Kmb-{Xn-bn
AYh-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

N P
 382

I K
1Aar- X - \ m- t Zm- ] - \ njv
3

imn- ] mTw
Hmw. kl-\ m-h-h-X p. kl\u `p\-p. kl- Nn-tb-Zm-t\m civao |
hocyw Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am {]Xym-lmcx k DNytX ||
hnZzn-jmh ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
6. {]Xym-lm-c-kvXYm [ym\w |
]c-{_w \s cp-t]-scbpw cn-tW. \s
{]mWmbm tam f Y [mcWm |
cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW. \ cp-t]cpw
Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I hf- tW. \psS A[y-b\w tXtPm-
X-ssh kam[n |
a-ba- m-bn-o-c tW. \mw ]c-kv] cw hntZzjw ImWn-m- jUwtKm tbmK DNytX ||
Xn-cn-t- W. {]W-h-ns BImcmZnam-{X-I Ah-bpsS enwK-`q-X-
1. imkv{Xm-Wy-[oXy ssa[mho | amb ]Z- B{i- b-`q- X- amb hnizw,hncmSv Fn- hsb hnv
kzc- lo- \-amb aIm- c-ns hmN- I-amb Cuis\ [ym\n- m
A`yky N ]p\x ]p\x |
km[- I\v Xpco-b-X-Xz- n-se-mw. B Xzw kh-{]-]--
]caw {_-hn-Zymbm |
n\pw hnZq-c- amWv. i_vZ-kzimZn hnj-b-epw Ahsb
Devm-h- m-\y-tYm-p-tPXv || {Kln-p C{nbfpw a\pw kqcy-c-ivan-sb-tmse
imkv{X- ]Tnv _pn hnI- kn-nv hopw hopw Bm-hn ImW-Ww. As\ A\m--hn-j-b--fn
A`y-knv ]c-a-amb {_hnZy-t\-Sp-I. Dev-t]mse N- \npw a\-ns\ \nhn-nv B-Nn sN-Ww. Cu
e-amb Pohn-Xs ]mgm-m-Xn-cn-p-I. B-hn-Nn-- \-amWv {]Xym-lmcw tbmK-ns Bdv AwK-
-fmb {]mWm-bm- aw, [ym\w, [mc-Ww, Xw, am[n, Fn-
2. Hmmcw cY-am-cply |
h- tbm- sSmw {]Xym-lm-chpw {][m-\- am-Wv.
hnjvWpw IrXzmY kmcYnw |
7. bYm ]hX [mXp\mw |
{_-temI ]Ym-t\zjn |
Zlyt [a-\m-emx |
cp{Zm-cm-[\ XXv]cx ||
ZtY-{n-b-IrXmx tZmjm |
Hmwm-c-am-Ip cY-n Ibdn hnjvWp-hns\ kmc-
ZMyt {]mW-\n-{K-lmXv ||
Ynb-bmn bYm {_-temIw At\z-jn-p-sImv
cp{Zs D]m-k-\-bn Xm]cyw hln--Ww. ]-X-nse kzw XpS-nb [mXp- NqSp]nSn-
nv aen-\X Zqsc-bm-p--Xp-t]mse C{n-b-P-\y--fmb
3. Xmh-{Z-tY\ Khyw |
tZmj- {]mWm-bmaw sImv Zqsc-bm-mw.
bmh-{ZY ]Yn-nXx |
8. {]mWm-bmssax Ztl-tm-jm |
nXzm cY ]Yx m\w |
[mc-Wm-`n Inev_njw |
cY-apXv krPy-K-Xn ||
{]Xym-lm-tcW kwkm |
cY-amw Ah-km-\n-p--Xp-hsc cY-n k-cn-
mw. amw Ah-km-\n-m cYw hnv aptmp t]mImw.
[yt\-\m-\n-iz-c KpWm ||

4. am{Xm enwK-]Zw Xyzm | 9. Inev_njw ln bw \oXzm |

i_vZ-hy-RvP\ hPnXw cpNncw ssNh Nn-tbXv ||
Akz-tcW aIm-tcW | {]mWm-bmaw sImv tZmj--sfbpw [mc-Ws - Imv
]Zw krvaw N KXn || ]m]--sfbpw Zln-n-p-I. Cs\ ]m]--sfbpw Ah-
bpsS AwK--sfbpw \in-nv tZhs\ kzkz-cq-]-n
5. i_vZmZn hnjbmx ] |
[ym\n-p- I.
t\{X-ss-hmXn New |
N P
 383

I 10. cpNntc tcNIw ssNh | A-s\-tmse Hpw ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw _[n-c-s\- K

hmtbm-cm-I-jWw XYm | tmse tInpw tIm-Xn- cn-p- Ibpw tZlw shdpw ac-
Sn-t]mse Icp-Xm-\n-S-bm-Ip--Xp-am-Wv{]im-s e-Ww.
{]mWm-bm-am-kv{Xbx t{]mm |
tcN ]pc-I-Ipw-`Imx || 16. a\x k-ev]Iw [ymXzm |
kwn-]ym-\n _pn-am |
11. khym-lrXnx k{]-Whmw |
[mcbn Xzm XYm-m\w |
Kmb-{Xnw inckm kl |
{Xnx ]tT-Zm-b-X-{]mWx | [mcWm ]cn IonXm ||

{]mWm-bmax k DNytX || a\v k-e] v m--I-sav IcpXn AXns\ Bm-hn

Dn hmbp-hns\ nc-ambn \ndp-p-Ibpw shfn-
bn-tev hnSp-Ibpw AI-tmSp hnen-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
hymlrXn Hmwmcw Ch-tbm-Sp-IqSn Kmb{Xn aqp-X-hW 17. BK-a-kym-hn-tcm-t[\ |
sNmn tcN-Iw, ]qc-Iw, Ipw`Iw Fo {Inb-I sNp-
-Xn\v {]mWm-bm-a-sav ]d-bp-p.
12. DXvn]y hmbp-am-Imiw |
iq\yw IrXzm \ncm-Iw |
iq\y-`m-th\ bpRvPo-bm
t{ZNI tkyXn e-Ww. ||
ebn-nv ]c-am-m-hns\ Nnn-p-I-bmWv [mc-W-sb
{]mW-bm-aw.
Dul\w X DNytX |
bw e_v[zm-]yh at\yX |
kx kam[n {]IonXm ||
X-sa-Xv imkv{Xhn[nb-\p-k-cn-p Nn- bm-Wv.
bmsXmp e`n-m-emWv ap e`n- t hkvXp- Xp- -
sfp tXmp-Xv AXmWv {]mWm-bm-amw- K-amb kam- [.n

{]mW- h m-b p-h ns\ BIm-i - n DXvt - ] Ww 18. `qan-`mtK kta ctay |
sNbvXp. lrZ-bs hmbp iq\y-am-n-opXmWv kh-tZmj hnhPntX |
tcN-I-{]-Wm-bm-a w. IrXzm at\m-abnw cmw |
13. t\m ztk-m-\p-z-tk-ssh | P]vXzm ssN hmY ate ||
Km{XmWn Nme-tbXv | 19. ]Iw kzkvXnIw hm]n |
Ghw hmbp{K-lX hyx | - -Ym]n hm |
`{Zm-k-\a
]qc-I-tkyXn eWw || _zm tbmKm-k\w kayIv |
izkn-p-Itbm Dz-kn- p-Itbm sNm- sXbpw icocw D-cm-`n-ap-J-nXx ||
Nen-n-m-sXbpw Ccp-p-sImv {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ \ntcm-
kh tZmj hnap-hpw kahpw kp-c-hp-amb `q`m-
[n-p--Xn\p ]qc-I-{]m-Wm-bm-a-sav ]d-bp-p.
Kv ]m-k-\-ntem kzkvXn-Im-k-\-ntem `{Zm-k-\-
14. ht{-tWm-Xv]-e-\m-tfW | ntem CS-hn-SmsX D-cm-`n-ap-J-am-bn-cpv a\-ns\ Dd-
hmbw IrXzm \ncm-{ibw | nv aew P]n--Ww.
Ghw hmbp {Klo-Xhyx | 20. \mkn-Im-]p-S-aw-Kp-eym |
Iw`-I-tkyXn eWw || ]n[mssb tI\ amcpXw |
hmbn-eq-sS-bpw Ia-e-\m-f-n-eq-sSbpw shw hen-s- BIrjy [mc-tb-Zow |
Sp-p- - Xp- t]mse kmh-[m\w hmbp- hns\ AI-tv hen- i_vZ-ta-hm`n Nn-tbXv ||
p-Xv Ipw`-I-{]m-Wm-bm-a-am-Ip-p.
21. Hman-tXy-Im-cw {_ |
15. A-hXv ]iy cq]mWn | Hman-tXy-tI\ tcN-tbXv |
irWp i_vZ aI-hXv | Znhy-a-t{W _lpix |
ImjvT-hXv ]iytX tZlw | Ipcym-Zm--a-e-NypXnx ||
{]im tkyXn e-Ww ||
Hcp hncsImv Hcp \mknImZzmcw ASv Xpd

N P
 384

I \mkZzmc-n IqSn hmbp AI-tv hen-p-I. ]ns 27. lrZzmcw hmbp-Zzmcw N |

cp Zzmc-epw ASv hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[n--Ww. ]ns
GIm-c i_vZ-cq-]hpw tXtPm-a-b-hp-amb {]Wh i_vZw
Nnnv hmbp kmh-[m\w shfn-bn hnSp-I. Cs\ {]hm-
--I-amb a{w At\Iw {]mhiyw {]tbm-Knv Nn-am-en-
\y-a-I-p-I.
22. ]zm-ym-tbX ]qthmw |
{Iatim a{ \nn-tiXv |
qem-Xn-q-e-am-{Xmbw |
\mXn aq[z-a-Xn-{Iax ||
aqv kqNn-nhn[w {]Whw Nnn-p-I. {]W-h-KZn-
X-amb {]mWm-bmaw Hcp ka-bv qem-Xn-q-e-am-{X-
bn A[nIw sNm ]mSn-.
K
Du[z-Zzm-c-aXx ]cw |
tam-Zzmcw _new ssNh |
kpjncw aew hnZpx ||
GXp- am-n IqSn tbmKn t\mp- p-thm B am-
n IqSn {]mW a\-ns\ A\pKanpp {]mW
D- a- am- - n-eqsS t]mIp--Xn- \m \nc--cm- `ymkw Bh-
iy- am-Wv. lrZ- b- n IqSn {]mW kpjpav\m am- n
{]th-in-p-p. apI-fn Du[z-K-a\ amhpw {_-c-
{hpw nXn sNp-p. tbmKn-I CXns\ kqcy-a--e-
sav Icp-Xp-p. AXns\ t`Znv {]mW shSn-m
apn knn-pw.
28. `bw t{Im[-a-Ym-eky |

23. Xncy-Kp[z-at[m Zrow | aXn kz]v\mXn PmKcw |

hn\nmcy alm-aXn | AXym-lm-c-a-\m-lmcw |
ncx mbo-hn-\n-jvIXz | \nXyw tbmKo hnhP-tbXv ||
XZm tbmKw ka-`y-tkXv || `bw t{Im[w Bekyw AXn-\n{Z Gsd DWn- cn- pI
AanX t`mP\w \ncm-lmcw Fnh tbmKn Hgn-hm--Ww.
Iv apnepw apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw nco-Ic
- nv Cf-
ImsX Ccp-p-sImv tbmKm-`ymkw sNp-I. 29. At\ hn[n\m karIv |

24. Xmem-am{Xm bYm tbmtKm | \nXy-a-`y-kXm {IamXx |

[mcWm tbmP\w XYm | kzb-ap-Xv]-ZytX m\w |

ZzmZi amt{Xm tbmKkvXp | {Xn`oam ssk\ kwibx ||

ImetXm \nbXx kvarXx || 30. NXp`nx ]iytX tZhm |

tbmK-`ymkw \nnX ]-Xn-b\- p-k-cnv sNp-I. ZzmZ- ]-`n-kvXpey hn{Iamx |
i-am-{X-amb tbmKw Ime-m- \nb-X-am-Ip-p. Cm-bm-]vt\mXn ssIheyw |

25. AtLm-j-a-hy--\-a-kzcw N | jjvtT amkn \ kwibx ||

AIWvT Xtezmjp a\m-knIw N | Cs\ \nb-a-{]-Imcw \nXyhpw tbmK-N -c y-bn

s]Sp tbmKn kzbw m\w t\Sp-p. \mep amkw
Atcj PmX-ap-`-tbmjvT hPnXw |
sImv Ah\v tZh-Zi\w e`n-p-p. Ap-am-k-n-\p-
bZ-cw \ ctX IZm-NnXv ||
n tZh- Xp-ey-amb kmayw Inp-p. Bdp- am-k-n
_mly- {]-b-Xv\-m D- cn--s- Sm-hp- - X {]W-h-\m- Poh-p-m-h- bpw Inpw.
Zw. AXv hyRvP-\tam kzctam A. IWvTw Xmep HmjvTw
31. ]mnhx ] am{XmWn |
\mknI Ch-sImtm hy-am-m-hp--X-. aq[m-hp-
sImpw Zw sImpw D-cnm-\m-hn-. AXn\v \mi-an-
NXpam-{XmWn hmcpWx |
. {]mWm-bma cq]-n A`yknp-Ibpw a\-ns\ \mZ- Bt-bkvXp {Xnam-{XmWn |
cq-]-n \nc-cw ebn-n-p-Ibpw sNt-- Xm-W-Xv. hmbhy kvXpZzn-am-{XIx ||
26. tb\mku ]iytX amw | - m-I mtim |
32. GI-am-{X-kvXY
{]mW-kvtX\ ln KXn | lr-am{Xw Xp Nn-tbXv |
AX--a-`y-tk-nXyw | knnw IrXzm Xp a\km |
km-a-\mb ssh || Nntb Zm-\m-\n ||
N P
 385

I ]mnh XXzw [cn-p-tm {]W-h-nse Ap AY hmkvXp ]m\mw | K

am{X-I Nnn--Ww. Pe-X-Xz-am-Ip-tm \mev, An-am- {]mWm-Zo-\m-a-\p-{I-amXv ||
{X-bm-Ip-tm aqv, hmbp XXz-am- Ip-tm cv, Cu \ne-
lrZ- b- amWv {]mWm- Zn-I-fpsS \nhm- k- m\w. A]m- \
bn Nnn-pI BImi XXzw [cn-p-tm {]W-h-
KpZ-nepw kam-\ \m`n-tZ-ipw DZm-\ IWvT-nepw
ns GI am{XIw {]W- hs Nnn-ptm AXns
hym\ khmw-K-- fnepw k-cn- p-p. {]mWm-Zn-I- fpsS
Du[zam{X -am-{Xhpw Nnn--Ww. am\-knI [mc-W-bm
hw ]d-bmw.
kzi-co-c -n Xs ]`qX-kn-nbpw Nn- \ bpw
thWw. Cs\ sNbvXm ]-`q-X- fpw hin-Ir-X-- 37. c-h-aWn {]Jyx |
fm-Ip-p. {]mtWm hmbpx {]IonXx |
33. {XnwiXv ]hmw Kpex {]mtWm | A]m-\-kvXky at[yXp |
b{X {]mWx {]Xn-jvTnXx | C{ tKm]-k-a{]`x ||
Gj {]mW CXn JymtXm | 38. kam-\-kvXky at[y Xp |
_mly {]mWx ktKm-Ncx || - f {]`x |
tKmo-c-[h
34. AioXnx jSviXw ssNh | A]m-pc DZm-\ |
kl-{kmWn {Xtbm Zi | hymt\m lrn ka-{]`x ||
e sstIm]n | Nph cXv\-ns \nd-tmSp IqSn- b-XmWv {]mW.
\nxizmk Atlm-cm{X {]am-WXx || A]m-\\v C{-tKm-]
- ns \nd-am-Wv. kam-\ ]ip-hn
]men\p Xpeyw shfp--Xm-Wv. DZm-\\v [qkc h-am-Ip-
apXv AwKpew \nf-ap izkw nXn-sN-p-Xv
p. hym\ An Pme-bpsS \ndw Ie-Xt- {X.
{]mW- hm- bp-hns B{i-b-cq-]-am- Wv. CXp- XsbmWv. {]mW-
s\ t]cn {]kn--am-bn-p--Xv. C{nb tKmN-c-amb 39. bsskyj aew `nXzm |
{]mW- \ n HcpenXn-a q-h m-b n-c n Aqn amcptXm bmXn aqZ-[\n |
F]Xv izk-\-{Inb Atlm-cm-{Xw \S-p-p-v.
b{X X{X {antb-Zzm]n |
35. {]W BtZym lrZn mt\ | \ k `qtbm`n PmbtX |
A]m\ kvXp ]p\ KptZ | \ k `qtbm`n PmKtX ||
kamt\m \m`n tZtiXp | CXyp-]- \ n-jXv
DZm\x I-am-{inXx ||
bmsXmcp km[-Is {]mW Cu aew t`Znp
36. hym\x kthjp NmwtKjp | sImv apm-hn-se-p-tm Ah FhnsS shv acn-
kZm hym]r-Xy-Xn-jvTXn | mepw ]p\ Pw {]m]n-p-n-. Ah\v ]p\ P-an-.

Aar-X- \m-tZm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

N P
 386

I K
1 Ah- [ q- t Xm- ] - \ n- j v 3

imn- ] mTw 5. tKmhm-ek- -Zriw iotj |

\m]n at[y \ Nm]y[x
Hmw kl \mh-hXp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ic- h m-h ssl tXPkzn \mh-[ o- X - akvX p {_ ]pw {]Xn-jvtTXn |
amhn-Zzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx ]p-Im-tcW Imc-tbXv ||
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R cp-t]-tcbpw 6. Ghw NXp-jv]Yw IrXzm |
Hcp-anv kwc-n--tW. Rsf cp-t]-tcbpw Hcp-anv tX bmn ]camw KXnw |
]men-tW. R cp-t]-tcbpw Hcp-anv kmayw \ IWm \ {]Pbm |
{]m]n--tW. R-fpsS A[ym-b\w tXP-mbn-cn-tW.
[t\\ XymtK-ss\tX |
R hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw imnx imnx
imnx. Aar-X-Xz-am-\ipx ||

1. AY l kmwIr-Xn`-K-hw Zm-t{Xbw ]cn-k- {]nb-X-c-amb {_w BcpsS akvXIw, tamZw, Zn-

W-]-w, {]tam-Zw, D-c-]w Cu \ne-b n-em-I p-p
taXy ]{]- - - ` - K -h tIm f h[q- X - k vX -k yIm
Ahs KXn tKmjv]-Za - m-bn-o-cp-p. ]ip-hns hm
nXnx, Inw eyw, Inw kwk- c - W - a nXn Xw
t]mse apI-fnepw \Sppw Xmsgbpw Cm-Xv bmsXm-
tlmhmN `Kthm Zm-t{Xbx ]ca Imcp-WnIx
mtWm AXv kh {]Xn-jvT-cq-]-amb {_w ]pw Fv
kmwIrXn `K-hm Zm-t{X-bs\ kao-]nv Cs\ ]d-bs - -Sp-p. AXn-\m AXns\ ]p-Im-c-n- em-Ww
tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, A]-[q-X- \m-cmWv? Ahs Ah-- Cs\ Ah-[q-X-m \mep-am--fn IqSn ]c-a-KXn
sbv? Ahs Nn-sav? Ahs kwk- c-W-sa-mWv?'' {]m]n-p-p. hnhn[ I--fmtem {]P-bmtem [\-
CXp-tIv ]c- a-Im- cp- Wn-I-\mb `K-hm Zm-t{X-b kmwIr- mtem Aa-cXzw {]m]n-m km[y-a-. XymKw sImp
Xn-tbmSv ]d-p. am{Xta Aa-cXzw {]m]n-m\mIq.

2. A-c -Xzm-Zz-tc-Wy-Xzm 7. sskzcw sskzc-h n-l -c Ww XXv kwk-c Ww

kmw_cm hm ZnKw-_ cm hm \ tXjmw [m
qX-kw-kmc _-\mXv |
[u \ ta[m-b-ta[yu kmw{K-l-tWy--m-bm-izta
XXz-a-kym-Z n-e - yXzm [a--bmKw bPtX.
Zh-[qX CXn-cytX || 8. k almtJm alm-tbmKx Irv\ -ta-X - n{Xw
3. tbm hnew-Lym-{i-am hm Ia sskzcw \ hnKm-tb---lm-{hXw \ k ZrV-
hn-n-]ytX |
\m-t\yh nXx kZm |
AXn hm-{iao tbmKo Ah-cpsS {]]w kzw C-a-\p-k-cn-p sskzc-
hn-lm-c-am-Wv. Ah-cn \-cmtbm hkv{X-bp--cmtbm
Ah-[qXx k IYytX || ImW-s-Sp-p. Ahv [m-[-tfm ta[ym-ta-[y-
Ahn-\ m-i nXzw sImpw htc-W yXzw sImpw tfm C. Ah a\km Aiz-ta[w sNbvX-h-cm-W.v AXp-
kmwkvIm-cnI _-\ - n \npw hnap--\mbh\pw Xs Ah-cpsS alm-b - hpw almtbm-Khpw Ah-cpsS
XXz-akn XpS-nb alm-hm-Iy--fpsS eym cq]-am- Ncn-{X-samw B-cy-I-c-am-Wv. tkzm-\p-kr-X-amb Ah-
bn-p--h\
- p-amWv Ah-[p-X-. hm-{ia [--sfmw cpsS Cu {]hr-n-I \nn--cp-Xv.
ssIhnv Bm-hn Xs nXn sNp hm-{i-a-c- Fs-m CXp Xs-bm-Wv Ah-cpsS alm-{hXw
ln-X-\mb tbmKn-bmWv Ah-[q-X. Ah ZrV-sc-tmse ]m]]pWy--fn en]vX-a-.
4. Xky {]nbw incx IrXzm | 9. bYm chnx kh-c-km {]`pMvt |
tamtZm ZnWm ]Ix | - m]n ln kh-`x |
lpXm-i-\
{]tamZ Dcx ]x | XssYh tbmKo hnj-bm {]`p-Mnt |
B\tm tKmjv] ZmbtX || \ en]ytX ]pWy-]m-ss] ipx

N P
 387

I 10. B]q-cy-am-W-a-Nex {]XnjvTw | tem-I-n-sbpw Bm-hm-W,v kh-tem-I-a-b\ K

- m-Wv. B
kap-{Z-am]x {]hn-in kth | nXnv Rms\-n\v Iw sNpp? CXn A[n-Im-
cn-I-fm-b-h thW-sa-n {]h-N-\tam thZm-[y-b-\tam \S-
XZy-XvIm-ambw {]hn-in kth |
n-sm- -s.
k imn-am-]vt\mXn \ Ima-Imao |
16. tb f {Xm[m-Im-cntWm ta Xp |
kqcy kh-c-k-fpw {Kln-p-Xp t]msebpw
\m[n-I mtcm f {Inb-XzXx |
An khXpw `n- p-Xp t]msebpw tbmKn-hn-j-b-
t`m-m-hm-sW-nepw ip-\m-I-bm ]m]-]p-Wy--fm \n{Zm-`nt kv\m\ iutN |
en]vX-\m-Ip-n-. Fpw \nd-p AN-e-n-Xn-If - p t\man \ Itcman N ||
kap-{Z-n Pew {]th-in-p--Xp-t]mse tbmKn-bn
17. {Zm-c-tXv Iev]-bp |
kh-hn-j-b-kp-J-fpw {]th-in-p-p. Fnepw Ah
AN--e\ - m-Wv. AXn-\m Ah imn {]m]n-p-p. F Inw ta kymZ\y Iev]-\mXv |
m hnj-bm-k--cmb Iman-I B in t\Sp-n-. KpWvPm-]p-RvPmZn ZtlyX |
11. \ \ntcmt[m \ tNmXv]nx | \m\ym tcm]nX hn\m
\ _tm \ N km[Ix | \m\ym-tcm-]nX kwkm-c
\ apap-p \ ssh apx | [m ss\h-alw `tP ||
CtXyjm ]c-amXx || 18. irWz-z-m-XX- -XzmkvtX |
12. sFln-Im-ap-jvanI {hmX | Pm\ IkvamXv irtWm-arlw |
knssy apt kntb | a\ymw kwi-bm-]m |
_lp-IrXyw ]pcm kymt | \ at\y f la-kw-ibx
XXv kh-a-[p\m IrXw || 19. hn]-cykvtXm \nZn-[ymtk |
13. XtZh IrX-Ir-XyXzw | Inw [ym\-a-hn-]-cytb |
{]Xn-tbm-Kn-]p-c-cw | tZlm--Xz-hn-]-cymkw |
ZpxJnt\m f x kwk-cp | \ IZm-NnXv `Pm-arlw |
Imaw ]p{Xm-Zy-t]-bm || 20. Alw a\pjy CXymZn |
14. ]cam\--]qtmlw | hyh-lmtcm hn\m-]yapw |
kwk-cman Inan-bm | hn]-cymk Nncm`ykvX
A\p-Xn-jvTp ImWn | hmk-\mtXm f hI-e v]tX
]c-tem-I-bnbm khx || A[n-Im-c-ap--h {]-h-N\w \S-p-Itbm thZw ]Tn-
n-p-Itbm sNbvXpsIm-s. {Inbm-c-ln-X -\m-Ib - m
15. kh-tem-Im- Iw Ikvam
F\nv AXn-\ -[ n-I m-c -an-. Rm \n{Ztbm `ntbm
Z\p XnjvTman Inw IYw | kv\m\tam iuNtam B{K-ln-p- n-. ImgvN-m ap hn[-
hymh-Xmw tX ikv{XmWn n NnnpsIm-s. F\nv ap {]Im-c-n Nnn-
thZm-\-[ym-] -bp hm n-sp Imcyw? ap--h am- Sn-p- cp-hn An Btcm-
]n-tm-s. AXp-sImv am-Sn-pcp Ip-I-bn-. Fs
Bpw ebtam Dev]-ntbm C. Bcpw _\pw Dn {]m]-n-I- I--fpsS Btcm-]-an-. XXzw {Kln-
km[-I\ - p-a-. apap-p-hp-an-, ap-\p-an-, Cl-]-c-temI m--h tIpsIm-s. Rm XXzw {Klnp Ign-p.
I-kn-nv A{]-Imcw apn-e-`n-m apv hf-sc- kwi- bm-ep- a\\w sN-s. hn]-co-X-]-cn-K-W\ D-
sbms sNt--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. Ctm AsXmw h thW-sa-n \nZn[ymkw sNbvXp-sIm-- s. Fm
]qn- bm-bn. Av Hmtcm tbmK-sbpw apJy-ambn A\p- hn]-cymkw Cm-n-Sv [ym\-ns Bh-iy-sav?
k-m\w sNbvXv Ah-[q-X AXn kwXr-]X v \pw IrX- tZls Bm- shp am\n- p hn]- cymkw F\nv C.
Ir-Xy-\p-am-Ip-p. Am-\n-I ]p{Xm-Zn-Ip thn AXn-\m F\nv \nZn-[ym-k-ns Bh-iy-hp-an- . Rm
ZpxJn IpSp-p-p. Fm Rm ]c-am-\--]q- a\p-jy-\mWv F Nnm-K-Xnbpw hn]-cymkw IqSmsX
\m-W.v ]c- tem- I-{]m-]vXn-bn B{K-l-ap- -h thW-sa- n Dm-Ip-n-. Cu hn]-cym-khpw ZoL-Im-em-`ym-k-m
B B{K-l-v {]hn--s. ]t, Rm kh- hmk\ sImmWv kw`-hn-p--Xv.

N P
 388

I 21. Bc_v[ IWn otW | 28. hnjvWpw [ymbXp [ocyZzm | K

hyh-lmtcm \nhtX | {_m-\t hneo-bXmw ||
I-tb Xzku ss\h | 29. IrX-Ir-Xy-Xbm Xr]vXmx |
imtay-ym\ kl-{kXx | {]m]vX-{]m-]y-Xbm ]p\x |
22. hnc-fXzw hyh-lrtX | Xr]y-thw kza-\km |
cnw tNym\ akvXp tX | a\ytX f ku \nc-cw ||
_mly-I-hy-h -l rXnw AYhm Rm IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-sW-nepw temIm-\p-{K-l-
]iy [ymbm-arlw IpXx n\v imkvt{Xm--hn-[n-b-\p-k-cnv \S-p-s- n F\n-
s-mWv lm\n? tZh-]qPmkv\m\w, iuNw, `n Fn-
23. hntt]m \mknX bkvamt
hbn icocw hym]-cn--s. hmv HmwImcw P]n--s.
\ kam[n kvXtXm aa I D]-\n-j-p- ]Tn--s. _pn hnjvWp[ym\-\n-c-X-am-
hntt]m hm kam-[nhm | I-s. As- n {_m-\- - n ebn- -s . Rm
a\kx kymZzn-Im-cnWx | tIhew kmn am{Xw. Cu Imcy--sfm-pw Rm sNp-
n-. sNn- p- p-an-. IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-s W- -Xn Rm
\nXym-\ p-` -h-cq-]ky tIm
Xr]vX -\ mWv. {]m]n-t- Xv Rm {]m]np Ign- p.
ta f {Xm\p-`hx ]rYnIv || AXp-sImv Rm Xr]vX- \m-Ip-p. Cs\ Rm Nnn-
24. IrXw IrXy {]m]-Wobw | p- p.
{]m]vXn-an-tXyh \nXyix | 30. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
hyh-lmtcm euIntIm hm | \nXyw kzmm\ aRvPkm thZvan |
imkv{Xotbm hm f \yYm]n hm | [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
25. aam-I p-c -te-] ky {_m-\tm hn`mXn ta kv]w ||
bYm-c_v[w {]htX || 31. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
{_m_v[--fmb I- v bw kw`-hn-mte ZpxJw kmwkm-cnIw \ hnty f Zy |
Cu hyh-lmcw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bp-q. B \ne-b n [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
{]mc_v[ Iw Ah-km-\n-m-Xn-cn-p-n- S-tmfw F{X-
tbsd [ym\w sNbvXmepw Cu hyh-lmcw ian- p-I-bn-. kzky-m\w ]em-bnXw Izm]n ||
hyh-lmcw Ipd-bW - -sa-p-s-n [ym\np sImq. 32. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
Fm Fs Zrn-bn hyh-lm-cta C. B \ne-bn
Rm Fn\v [ym\n-Ww? F\nv hnt-]-an-. kam-
Ihyw ta \ hnZytX InnXv |
[n-bn-en-cn-t Bh-iy-hp-an-. a\v hnIm-c-bp-hpw [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
hnt- ]-bp--hp-am-Wv. Atm-gmWv kam[n th-Xv. Rm {]m]vXhyw kh{X kw]w ||
\nXym-\p-`-h-cq-]-\mWv F\nv kam[n sImv F-\p-`hw
DmIpw? Rm sNt-Xv sNbvXp Ign-p. t\Sm-\p- 33. [t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
Xv t\Sn. AXn- \m F\nv euIn- I-amtbm Am-sXtbm [t\ym [\yx ]p\]p-\[\yx |
Hcp hyh-lm-chpw A\p- jT v n-t-- Xm-bn-n-. Rm Im-
[t\ym f lw [t\ym f lw |
h-. tIhew {]mc_v[ Im-\p-kr- X-amb {]h-\-
\S-s. Xr]vXnta tIm]mam `th-tmtI
26. AYhm IrX-Ir-tXym]n | 34. Atlm ]pWy-atlm ]pWyw |
temIm-\p-{Kl Imaybm | ^enXw ^enXw ZrVw |
imkv{Xn-tb-ssWh amtW | Aky ]pWyky ktx |
htlw aa Im Xnx || Atlm hb atlm hbw ||
27. tZhm-\-kv\m\ iuN 35. Atlm m\-atlm m\
-`n-mZu hXmw h]px | atlm kpJ-atlm kpJw |
Xmcw P]Xp hmIv XZzXv | Atlm imkv{X-atlm |
]T-Xzm-av\mb akvXIw || imkv{X-atlm Kpcp-ctlm Kpcpx ||
N P

I 36. CXn b CZ a[otXtkm f ]n IrX-I rtXym
`h-Xn. kpcm-]m-\mXv ]qtXm _h-Xn. kz-kvtX-
bmXv ]qtXm `h-X n. {_-l-XymXv ]qtXm-`-h-Xn.
IrXym-Ir-XymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Ghw hnZn-Xzm-tkz-
m-Nm-c-]tcm `qbmtZmw kXy-an-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
Rm [\y-\mWv, Rm [\y-\m-Wv. FpsIms-
m Rm {]bmkw IqSmsX Bm-hns\ Adn-bp-p.
Rm [\y- \m-Wv, [\y-\m- W.v ImcWw Fn {_m-\w
{]Im-in- p-p. Rm [\y- [-\y-\mWv Fp-sIm-s- m
Rm Ctm kmwkm-cnI ZpxJa-\p-`-hn-p-n-. Rm
[\y-[-\y-\m-Wv. ImcWw Fs Am\w \-am-bn-cn-p-
p. Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-W.v ImcWw F\nv sNt--Xm-
bn- smpw Xs- bn- . Rm [\y- [- \y- \m-Wv. ImcWw Rm
1 Btm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhmx `{Zw
]tiy-am- -`nb-P {Xmx nssc-cw-ssKkvX pjvSp
hmw- k - k v X - \ q- ` n hytia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hrizmx hm kzkvXn \x]qjm
hniz-tZhmx kzkvXn \ kvXmty Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[m-Xp. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R-fpsS I- awKfw {ihn-p-
am-dm-I-s. Ip-I-fm awKfw ImWp-am-dm-I-s. Btcm-K-
Zr-V-i-co-c-cmbn R \nsf kvXpXn-m-\n-S-h-cp-Ibpw
tZhm Rv \In-bn-p-n-S-tmfw Bbpv awK-
f-ambn ]cn-Wa - n-n-p-Ibpw sNp-am-dm-Is alm-Ion-
am-\mb C{ Rv awK-fa - c- p-ft- W. hniz-th-m-
hmbm ]qjmhv Rv awK-f-a-cp-ftW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-K-
Xn- bmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-kzXn
Rv awKfw \I-tW. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
N P
389
ChnsS km-Zn-t-Xv km-Znp. Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-Wv, K
Fs- m Fs Xr]vXnv temI-n Hcp D]-a-bn-.
Rm [\y-[-\y-\m-Wv. AXn-]pWyw Cu ]pWy kv
ZrV-ambn ^en-p. R [\y-[-\y-cm-W.v m\w kpJw
imkv{Xw Kpcp Fm-hcpw [\y-cm-Ip-p.
C{]-Imcw D]-\n-jv A[y-b\w sNp hyn
IrX- Ir-Xy-\m-bn-o-cp-p. aZy-]m-\n-bm-sW-nepw ]cn-ip--
\m-bn-o-cpw. kz-tam-m-hm-sW-nepw {_-l-Xy-m-
c-\m-sW-nepw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. Imcy-Im-cy- sNbvX-
h-s\nepw hnip--\m-Ip-p. C-s\-bp m\w e`n-
-Xn-\p-tijw Bm-\p-Iq-e -ambn {]hnmw Hmw
kXyw.
Ah-[q-tXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
1. lcnx Hmw. AYmw-Kncm kv{Xnhn[ ]pcp-j-kvXZ- y-
Ym-_
- m-lym A-cmm ]c-amm tNXn.
2. XzIv N amwk-tcm-amw-Kp-jvTm-Kpeyx ]rjvT-hw-
i-\J- K
- p-evt^m-Zc \m^n ta{U ISyp. cp It]me
t{im{X {`qe- e mS _mlp- ] miz intcm- [ - a \n
ImoW n `hn PmbtX {InbX CtXyj
_mlymm
3. AYm--cmm \ma ]rYn hym]-kvtX-tPm-hm-bp-
cm-Im-ti-m-tZz-j-kp-JZ- pxJ Ima-taml hnI-ev]-\m-
Zn`nx kvarXn-enwK DZm-m\p Zm {lkz-ZoL-
p-X-kvJ-en-X-KPn-X-kv^p-SnX apZnX \rKoX
hmZn{X {]f-b-hn-Prw-`n-Xm-Zn`nx t{imXm {LmXm ck-
bnXm am t_mm Im- h n- m- \ m- m,
]pcpjx ]pcm-W-\ym-b-aowamw km [ imkv{Xm-
WoXn {ihW {LmWm- I jW I hnti-
jWw Itcym-tXy-tjm-c - mm \ma.
 390

I AwKn-cv F ]c-am-m-hv, Bmhv A-cm-m- K

A]-hn-{X-hp-am-b-Xns\ iphpw ]hn-{X-hp-am-Ip-p. AXn\v
hv, ]c-am-m-hv, Fo aqp-hn-[-n Dm-bn. ico-c- kmwkm-cnI _-\a - n-.
nse sXmen, Nw, amwkw, apSn, AwKpjvTw, hnc-ep-
1. B-kwx inhx ipx |
I, \sv, \Jw, IW-m, hb-dv, \m`n, aqt{X-{nbw,
ISn {]tZiw, PwL, Igp-v, sNhn, ]pcn-Iw, s\n, _mlp- GI Ghm-Zzbx kZm |
]mizw, inc-v, [a-\n- I, Ip-I Ch-bmWv As - bm {_ |
{_-cq-]X
ZrjvSn- bn Bm-hns kzcq-]w. Ah Xs- bmWv Bm- tIhew {]Xn-`m-ktX |
shpw Ah-bpsS D`-hhpw \mihpw Dm-Ip--Xp-
sImv Bmhpw P\-\-a-cW kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-
2. PKXvcq]-X-bm-t]y-XXv |
sWpw [cn-p-p. Cs\ A-cm-mhpw ]rYzn, Pew, {_ss h {]Xn `mktX |
tXPv, hmbp, BImiw XpS- nb {Zhy- fpw CmtZzj- hnZym hnZym-Zzn-t`-tZ\ |
kp- J- Zpx-JmZn KpW- fpw Imaw, tamlw, Xw, hnXw, `mhm-`m-hm-Zn-t`-ZXp | |
kvarXn, enwKw, DZmw, A\p-Zmw, {lkzw, ZoLw,
pXw XpS-nb kzc-t`-Z-fpw kvJenXw, KPnXw, kv^p 3. Kpcp-in-jym-Zn-t`-tZ\ |
SnXw, arZnXw, \rXyw, KoXw, hmZn{Xw XpS-nb [z\n {_ssh tIh-ew-ipw |
kzcq-]-fpw {]f-b-hn- Prw- `- Wm-Zn-I-fm t{imXmhv {LmXmhv hnZytX XXz Zit\ | |
ck-bn-Xmhv t\Xmhv Imhv hnm-\m-mhv ]pcm-W-
\ N hnZym \ NmhnZym |
]p-cp-j \ymbw aoamwk XpS-nb [ imkv{X-fpw
Ah-b n-s emw A-cym-a n-b mbn {ihWw {LmW\w \ PK \ Nm]cw kXy-tXz\ PKZv `m\w |
BIjWw Fn-hbpw I- hn-tijW-fpw Cu A- kwkm-cky {]hIw |
cm-mhv A\p-jvTn-p-p. Ak-Xy-tXz\ `m\w Xq |
4. AY ]c-amm \ma bYm-cw D]m-k-\obx k kwkm-cky \nhIw |
N {]mWm-bm-a -{]-X ym-l m-cm-[ m-c -W m-[ym-\ -k-a m-[n- LtSm b anXn hnmXpw |
tbm-Km-\p-am-\m-[ymNn-Iw hS-I-Wn-Imhm iymam- \nbax tIm\z-t]--tX. | |
I-X -WvU ptem hm _mem-{K-i-Xk - -l{k hnI-e v]-
\m`nx k e`ytX t\m]- e -`ytX \ PmbtX \ Bmhv inhhpw iphpw GIhpw AZz-bhpw {_-
{anbtX \ ipjyXn \ nZytX \ ZlyXn \ kz-cq- ]hpw Bb-Xp- sImv tIhe {_- kz-cq-]-n {]Xn-
I tX \ `nZ y tX \ O nZ y tX \ n K p - W x - `m-kn-p-p. PK-{Zq-]
- nepw {_w Xs-bmWv {]Xn-`m-
kmo`qXx iptm \nc- h - b - h mm tIhex kn-p--X.v hnZy, Ahn-Zy, `mhw, A`mhw Cu t`Z-tmsS
kqvtam-\n-jvItem \nc-RvPt\m \nhn-Im-c x-i- {]Xn-`m-kn-p-Xpw {_w Xs. Kpcp-in-jy Cu t`Z-
_vZk- v]i-c q-] -c-kK
- --hPntXm \nhn-I evt ]m n ImW-s-Sp-Xpw {_w Xs. XXz Zi-\-n
\ncm- I mw x k h- h y m]o tkm N nt ym kh-{X {]Xn-`m-kn-p-Xv {_-am-Ip- p. bYm-n
\nhWy ]p\m-Xy-ip-m-\y-]q-Xm\n \njv{Inb hnZy-bnm Ahn-Zy-bn-. PK-p-an asmpw Xs kXy-
kvXky kwkmtcm \mkvXo-Xn. hp-a-. kXy-tmsS PK-Zv`m\w Xs-bmWv CXns
{]h-I. Ak-Xy-tXz\ {]]-s {]Xn `mkn-n-
]c-am-mhv tImSn-I-W-n\v Pohn-If- m Cuiz-c-cq- p-X - v, CXns \nh-I-\m-Ip-p. \psS apn
]-n Bcm-[n--s-Sp--Xn-\m Dm-Ip-X - p-t]mse Ccn-p IpSw IpS-sa--dn- bp-hm {]tXyI \nb-a-sampw
Cu ]c-am-c ]c-am-mhpw {]mWm-bmaw {]Xym-lmcw B{i-bn-t--Xn--tm.
[mcW [ym\w kam[n tbmKw A\p-am\w B-hn-Nn-
6. hn\m-{]-am-W-kp-jvSpXzw |
\w apX-em-bh aptJ\ Ghpw kqvahpw Hcp Xe-
ap- S n- b psS A- ns Bbn- c - n- s em- n- s \- m bkvan kXn ]Zm[o |
kqvahpw "B ]c-{_w Rm\m-Ipp' F Nnm-K- Ab-amm \nXy-knx |
Xn-bm e`n-p-Itbm e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNp--Xp- {]amtW kXn `mktX | |
am-Ip-p. AXv Hcn-epw P\n-p-n-, hnd-bvp-n-.
s]mp-n-. tOZn-s - -Sp-n-. AXv \nKp-Whpw kh- 7. \ tZiw \m]n Imew hm |
{]-am-W-`q-Xhpw ip-kz-cq-]hpw \n-e\pw \nc-RvP-\\pw \ipow hm]y-t]-tX |
hnIm-c-lo-\\pw i_vZc - q-]-c-k-lo-\\pw m\-c-ln-X\pw tZh-Ztm lan-tXy-XXv |
\nhn-I-ev]\pw BImw--bn-m--h\pw kh-hym-]nbpw hnm\w \nc-t]-I - w. | |
ANn-y\pw hm-\m-Xo-X-\p-am-Ipp AXv. Aip-hpw
XZv {_-hn-tZym]y |

N P
 391

I ky{_-m-l-anXn thZ\w | Iph-]n \ Iphm-W K

`m\p-t\h PKZv khw | mt`mm ^e-t`ym-Ky]n | |
`mkytX bky tXPkm | - o-tcyj |
14. ico-cy-]y-ic
A\m-I ak-pw | ]cn-ntm ]n khKx |
Inw \p Xkyh `mkIw | Ai-cocw kZm k
thZ-imkv{X ]pcm-Wm\n | anZw {_-anZw IzNnXv | |
`qXm\n kI-em-\y]n | 15. {]nbm-{]ntb \ kv]piXx |
10. tb\m-hn Xw Inw \p | kvXssYh N. ip`m-ip`x |
hnm-Xmcw {]Im-it- bXv | Xa-km-{K-kvX -h-Zv`m-\ m
p[mw tZl-hyYmw Xyzm | Z{Kkvt Xm ]n chnss\x
_mex {IoUXn hkvXp\n | | kzw Bm-hn Ftmgpw kp-jvS\pw kzbw
11. XssYh hnZzm catX | kh-KX - \pw BsWp Nnnp \n[-\s - \-nepw kp-
\nta \nclw kpJo | jv S-\m-b n, \n-l m-b -s\- nepw _e-h m-\ mbn Blm-c-
sampw Ign-n-s-nepw kwXr-]vX-\mbn Ak-a-\m-sW-
Imam \njvIm acq-]okw |
nepw ka-Zin-bm-bn, Im-hm-sW-nepw AIm-
Nc-tXyI Ntcm ap\nx | | hmbn ^e-t`m-m-hm-sW-nepw At`m-m-hmbn ico-cn-
{]amWw IqSmsX Xs apn-en-cn-p Hmtcm bm- sW-nepw ico- c-lo-\-\mbn ]cn-n-- \m-sW-nepw kh-
]Zm- n-sbpw m\w knn- p- p- v. AXp hym-]n-bmbn ImW-s-Sp {_-m-\nsb Hcn-Spw
t]mse \nXy-kn-a - mb Cu Bmhv {]Xy--{]-am-W- {]nbm-{]n-b- kv]in-p-n-. Ah Hcmsf {]nb-
n\p tij-amWv {]Xn-`m-kn-p-X - v. Hmtcm hkvXphpw s\tm thmsdm-cp-s\ A{]n-b-s\tm Icp-Xp-n-.
{_ kzcq-]-am-b-Xn-\m {]am-Ws
- ampamh-iy-an-. DZm- AXp-t]mse ip`m-ip`fpw Ahs\ kv]in-p-n-.
l-c-W- n\v tZh-Z- F Hcp hyn-bpsS \ma-sa-Sp- Ahs ZrjvSn-bn kI-eXpw Xpey-am-Wv. kqcy Ccp-
p-I. AXns m\w \nc-t]--am-Wv. AXn\v tZi n ad-sp tXmp-sa-nepw ad-n-n-.
Imem-Zn-I \nc-t]--am-Wv.
16. {KkvX CXyp NyptX {`mym
{_- m- \n- bpsS ""Rm {_- amWv'' F t_m[w
hymXzm hkvXpeWw |
Xs-bmWv {] kmm-Xvm-cw. kIe PKpw kqcy-
\m {]Im-in-X-am-bn-cn-p-X - p-t]mse AJWvU {]- XZz-t-lm-Zn-_-tt`ym |
WvUhpw AXns tXP-p-sImp Xs {]Im-in-p-p. hnapw {_-hn-aw
AXns {]Xy knn-bn asmcp {]amWw tXSp-I- 17. ]iy-n tZln-h- qVm |
sb-Xv A\m--Ihpw Akm-chpw Xp-hp-am-Wv. thZw
ico-cm-_m-k-Zi\mXv |
imkv{Xw ]pcmWw hnhn[ Pohn-I Fnh Bcp aqe-
amtWm kmIam-bn-cn-p-Xv hnm-Xm-hmb B Aln-\nez-b-\o-hmbw |
{_s GsX-nepw {]am-W - n\v {]am-Wo-I-cn-m ap-tZl kvXpXn-jvTXn | |
km[y-amtWm? hnipw thZ-\bpw adv _me-I Ifn- 18. CX-kvXX mey-amt\m |
bn apgp-In-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse m\n aa-Xm-lo-\\pw
bXv InnXv {]mW-hm-bp\m |
Al-m-c-lo-\\pw kpJnam\pambn {_-n B\-n-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ap\n Ima-\I - -sfm-p-an-msX kpJ- t{kmXkm \obtX Zmcp |
tmsS GIm-In-bmbn hnN-cn-p-p. bYm \navt\m-X-
- ew | |
12. kzm-ss\h kZm-XpjvSx | 19. ssZth\ \nbtX tZtlm
kzbw khm-\m nXx | XYm Imtem ]n-]vXnjp
\n[t\m ]n kZm XpjvtSm | eym-ey KXnw Xyzm |
]y klmtbm alm _ex | | bkvXn-jvtTXv tIh-em-\m | |

13. \nXyx Xr]vtXm ]y`p-RvPm-t\m 20. inh Gh kzbw kmm

]ykax ka-Zi\x | Zbw {_ hnZp-ax |

N P
 392

I Poh-th kZm apx | K

{]m]n--X n-\p-tijw {_- m\n {_-k z-cq-]-a m-bn-
IrXmtm {_ hnax | | s `hn-p-p. ]men ]mepw F-bn Fbpw
Pe-n Pehpw tNm Ah Hm-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]m-
hkvXpX a\-n-em-msX {`mn-aqew kqcy Ccp-
se-bmWv B-m-\n-bmb ap\n-bp-sSbpw Bm-hn-
n ad-p-shv Nnn--s-Sp-p. AXp-t]mse tZlmZn
sbpw nXn hntZl ssIhey {]m]vXn-p-tijw km-
_--fn \npw ap-\mb {_-m-\nsb ico-cm-
{Xhpw AJWvU hn{K-l-hp-amb {_ `mhs {]m]nv
`m-k-m Adn-hn-m Bfp-I tZl-tmSp IqSn-b-
bXn ]noSv kwkmc N{I-n s]v Bh {]{In-b-
h-s\v a\-n-em-p-p. ]mv ]Sw s]mgn-p-X - n-t\mSv
n s]Sp-n-. Fs-m kZm--IXz hnm-\-
CXns\ Xmc-Xa - y-s-Sp-mw. ]mns ]Sw ]mm-Ip-In-
m Ahs hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw Fmw \in-p-p.
b--tm. \Zn-bn XSn-I Hgp-In-tm-Ip--Xp-t]mse `mKy-
n tZlhpw Ime-ns {]hm-l - n Hmtcm Znn- 26. Aapjy {_-`q-X-Xz-amXv |
tev \bn-s - -Sp-p. C-s\-bm-sW-nepw eym-e- {_mWx IpX Dhx |
y-KXn ssIhnv tIh-em-m-hn Xs kpn-X\ - m-
ambm n]vXu _-tamu |
bn-cn-p--h {_-m-\n-I-fn t{ijvT\pw kmm
inh\pw inh-kz-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. IrXm-\mb {_- \ kvXx kzm\n hkvXpXx ||
m\n Poh-p-\pw imiz-X\ - p-am-Wv. 27. bYm cu \njv{In-bmbmw |
21. D]m-[n-\m-imXv {_ssh | km-`m-k-hn-\n au |
kZv {_m-t]yXn \nZzbw | BhrtXm kZ-kX - zm`ymw |
ssieqtjm thj kZv`mhm hthy _-tam-tW ||
`mh-tbm bYm ]pam || 28. \mhr-Xn{_ ImNn
22. XssYh {_-hnXv t{ijvTx | Z[ym-`-hm-`-h\m hrXw |
kZm {_ss h \m]cx | AkvXoXn {]Xytbm b |
LtS \jvtS bYm thyma | b \mkvXoXn hkvXp\n ||
thymssah `hXn kzbw || 29. _pt-tch KpWm-t]Xu |
23. XssY-thm-]m[n hnetb | \ Xp \nXyky hkvXp\x |
{_ssh {_-hnXv kzbw | AXkvXu ambbm n]vXu |
ocw otc bYm n]vXw | _-tamu \ Nm\n ||
ssXew ssXte Pew Pte | 30. \njvIte \njv{Intb imt |
24. kwbp taIXmw bmXn | \nc-htZy \nc-RvPt\ |
XYm--\ym hnp\nx | AZzn-Xotb ]tc XtXz |
Ghw hntZl ssIheyw | thyma-hXv Iev]\m IpXx |
km-{X-Xz-a-J-WvUnXw || 31. \ \ntcmt[m \ tNmXv]
- n
25. {_-`mhw {]]-ssZyj | \ _tm \ N km[Ix |
bXn \mh tX ]p\x | \ apap-p\ sshapx |
kZm-I- Xz hnm-\ CtXy-jm, ]c-amXm |
ZKv[m hnZymZn hjvaWx || CXyp-]-\ n-j- Xv.
m\n D]m[n \mi-m {_ kzcq-]\ - mbn bXn {_-cq-]-am-b-Xn-\p-tijw B {_-n\v F-
{_-lo-\-\mbn `hn-p-p. AXv \nen-b-am-Wv. \S s\-bmWv Dev]n? ambm \nn-X-amb _-tam--
cwK- n ]e-t h-j - nepw {]Xy- -s -Sm-s a- nepw bYm-n {_-n-\n-. {Inbm-ln-\-amb Ib-dn
bYm-ap Hcp hyn-bm-W-tm. AXp-t]mse {_- k-{`mn Dm-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXv Ah-km-\np Ign-
m-\nbpw {_w Xs-bm-Wv. IpSw DS-p-t]m-bm m ]ns tIhew Ib am{X-sa t_m[w hcp-
IpS-ns Dn-ep-m-bn-cp BImiw BIm-ia - m-bn- p. AXp-t]mse Xs kZ-k-Zv`m-h - m Bm-hn
s Ah-ti-jn-p-p. AXp-t]mse D]m[n hnebw _-tam- -ap-f-hm-p--Xpw, Cm-Xm-Ip- Xpw {_-n\v

N P
 393

I Bhr-n-bn-. AXv Bhr-Xhpw A\m-hr-Xh- p-am-sWv m Fs\ Ignbpw? bYm-n {_-n\v K

tXmpw. ambm-P-\n-X-amb _-tam-- Bm-hn-\n- \ntcm-[a
- n-, P-an-, AXv _-a km[-I-\p-a
- , apap-
. \njv I-fhpw \njv{In-bhpw imhpw \nc-h-Zyhpw p-h-, ap-\p-a Fv D]-\n-jv hy-am-p-p.
\nRvP-\hpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb ]c-a-X-Xz-n LSm-Imiw
Btm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
aTm-Imiw XpS-nb `mh-\I - v Xpeyw hn`n-X Iev]n-

1 B-{]-t_m-t[m-]-\nv 3
imn- ] mTw tbmKn kmwkvIm-cnI _- \-n \n apI- X-\mbn Xocp-
p. iwJ-N-{I-[m-cn-bmb \mcm-bW
- \v \a-kvImcw AXp-
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
sImv Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb \ax F a{w D]m-kn-
{]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-hn-cm-hoa G[n th[-kya BWox
p--h sshIpWvT temIw {]m]n-p-p.
{ipXw taam-{]-hm-koc t\\m-[o-tX\m tlmcm-{XmXv
kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jym-an. Xm- 2. AY bZnZw {_-]pcw ]p-coIw Xkvam--
a-h-Xp. XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. A]-Xp-amw. Ah-Xp-h-m-c- Un-Zm` am{Xw Zo]-hXv {]Imiw
a-hXp hm-cw. Hmw imnx imnx imnx Cu lrZ-bI- a- ew {_-]p-c-am-Wv. AXv Xs-bmWv
Hmw. Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn-tW. a\v hnZyp-n\p Xpey-amb Zo]-k-am-\-ambn {]Im-in-p-sIm-n-
hmn nc-am-bn-cn-tW. tl kzbw {]Im-im-m-th, cn-p--Xv.
Av Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. hmMv a\-p-Is - f, 3. {_tWym tZh-Io-]p{Xm {_tWym
\n Fs thZ-m-\-n-\m-[m-c-am-Wv. AXn-\m a[p kqZ\x
Fs thZm-[y-b\- s \in-n--cp-Xv. Cu thZm-[y-b\- -
n Xs-bmWv Rm cmhp ]Iepw Nne-hg- n-p-Xv. {_Wyx ]p-co-Imtm {_tWym
Rm am\-kn-I-ambpw hmNn- I-ambpw kXyw ]dbpw Fs hnjvWp-c-NypXx
cn-p-I. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Fs cn-p-I. tZh-Io-]p-{X {_-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. a[p-kq-Z-\ {_-
hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imnx imnx imnx kz-cq-]-\m-W.v ]p-co-Im- {_-kz-cq-]-\m-W.v ANyp-
1. Hmw {]Xy-Km-\w {_-]p-cpjw {]W-h-kz-cq]w X-\mb hnjvWp {_m-- I\ - m-Wv.
BImc DIm-c-a-Imc CXn {Xycw {]Whw XtZ 4. kh-`q-X--taIw \mcm-bWw Imc-W-]p-cp-j-
XtZm-anXn bap-zm-ap-NytX tbmKn P-kw-km-c_
- - a-Im-cWw ]cw-{_ Hmw.
-\mXv \tam Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb iwJ {IK-
Zm-[ -c mb XkvamXv Hmw \tam \mcm-bWm tbXn kh-`q-Xm-- cm- m-hmbn GI-\mb \mcm- b-W Xs-
bm-W v. ImcW ]pcp-j Atlw Imc-W -c -l n-X\pw
at{m-]mkvtIm sshIpWvT `ph\w Kan-jyXn
{_hpw Hmw Imc-hp-am-Ip-p.
{]Xy- Km- \- -amb {_- ]p- cp- j AImcw DImcw aImcw
Fo aqv A-c--tfmSp IqSnb {]W-h-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. 5. timI- tam-l -h n-\ naptm hnjvW p-[ ym- b
AXp {]W-h-sa Hmm-cw Xs-bmWv. AXp P]n-m koZ-Xn. ssZzXm-ssZz-X-abw `hXn artXymxk arXyp-
am-]vt\mXn b Cl \mt\h ]iy-Xn.
N P

I alm-hn-jvWp-hns\ [ym\n-p--h timI-tam-lh
\np--\mbn `hn-p-p. Ah\v Xf-bp-m-Ip-n- .
Ah ssZzX-ssZzX kzcq-]\pw A`-b-kz-cq-]-\p-am-W.v Cu
{_-n t`Zw ImWp--h arXyp-hn\v tijhpw arXyp-
hn-s\-s {]m]n-p-p.
6. lrXv] - -at[y khw b Xv {]mt\
{]Xn- j v T nXw {]m- t \t{Xm temIx {]m
{]XnjvTm {]m\w {_
7. k GtX\ {]t- \ m- - \ m- k v a m- t m- I mXv
DXv{Iay Aap-jvan kzt temtI khmIm-
am-\m-]vXzm-arXx ka-`h ZarXx ka-`h
- Xv
8. b{X tPymX-c-P{kw bkvan temtI f `ylnXw
Xkvan amw tZln kzam \artX temtI AtX
ANyptX temtI AtX Aar-XXzw NK-tXymw
\ax
lrXv ]-a-[y-n nXn sNp kh kzcq-]-
amb {_w Xs- bmWv {]m-\-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-
cn-p--Xv. temIw {]-bm-Ip t\{X-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-
Wv. {]-{]-XnjvT {]m]n-p-p. {_w {]m-\-kz-cq-]-
am- W.v Bm\n DXvIr--amb m\m-- I-amb B- kz-
cq-]-n Cu temI-n \npw DXv{I-anv kz-n
kh-B{K-lfpw km[nv Aa-c-\mbn `hn-p. FhnsS
\nXyhpw tPymXn-p-v, GXp temIv Fm `mK-p-
\np ]qP \S-pp B Aa-c-tem-Iv Av F\nv
kzam\w {]Zm\w sNp-I. A\-iz-chpw A-b-hp-amb B
temI-n Ah Kan-p-p.
cmw Jw
1. {]K-fnX \nP amtbm f lw \nkvXp-e-Zr-in-cq]
hkv Xp-amt{Xm f lw. AkvXa
- n-Xm-ltm lw {]K-
fnX PK-Zoi Poh-t`tZm f lw
Rm ambm-ap--\m-Ip-p. \nkvXpey Zi\ kzcq-]-
hkvXp am{X- am-W v. Rm Al \in--h-\m-I p-p.
Poh\pw ]c-am-mhpw Xn t`Zw AkvX-an--h-\m-Ip-p.
2. {]Xy-K-`n- -]tcm f lw hn[z-kvXm-ti-j-hn-[nXn
tjt[m f lw, kap-Z-kvXm-{i-antXm f lw {]hnX
kpJ ]q kwhn-tZ-hmlw
Rm {]Xy-Km-m-hn \nv A`n--amb ]c-am-m-hm-
Wv. Fm hn[n-\n-tj-[-fpw F\nv Cm-Xmbn. Rm
B{i-a-[-amsI ssIhnp Rm kpJ-k-q\pw
m\-kz-cq-] -\p-am-W.v
3. kmy-\-t]tm f lw \nP-a-lnav\n kwtm
f la-N tem f lw. APtcm f la-hytbm f lw
]- hn-]-m-Zn-t`-Z-hn-[p-tcmlw
N P
394
- n- Rm kmnbpw \nc-t]-- \p-am-Wv. Rm kza-ln-a- K
bn nXn sNp- -h\pw AN-e-\p-am-Wv. Rm AP-c\pw
Ahy-b\pw ]-hn-]-mZn t`Z-an-m--h-\p-am-W.v
4. Ah-t _m-ss[-I-ctkm f lw tamm-\-ss-I-
kn-kp-tc-hm-lw, kqvtaml f atcm f lw hnK-
fnX KpW-Pmem tIh-em-lw
Rm Ah-t_m-ss[-I-c-k\pw tamm-\-ss-I-km-K-
chpw kqvahpw A-chpw KpW-Pm-ea - p--amb tIh-
em-m-hp-am-W.v
5. \nkv s s{X-Kp- W y-] tZm f lw Ipn- m-t \-
Item II- e - t \mlw IqS- - t N- X t\m f lw
\njv{In-b -[mam f la-{]-XtIymlw
Rm \nkvss{X-Kp-Wy-h-Z\pw At\I temI-sf
Ipn- bn-sem-Xn-n-b-h\pw IqS--tN-X\pw \njv{I-b-[m-
amhpw A{]-XIy-\p-am-W.v
6. GtIm f la-hn-Item f lw \n-e\ - nhm-W-
aqn-tc-h mlw \nc-] -b thm f latPym f lw
tIhe km-{X-km-c-`qtXm f lw
Rm GI\pw Ahn-I - e \pw \n- e -\ nhm-W -
aqnbpw \nIr-h-b-hw AP\pw tIhe km-{X-km-c-
\p-am-W.v
7. \nc-h -[n-\n-P-t_mt[m f lw ip`-X-c-`mthm f
la-{]t`
tZym f lw hn`q-c-la
- -\-htZym f lw \nc-h[n
\noa XXz-amt{Xm f lw
Rm \nc-h-[n-t_m[w tN-h\pw ip`-X-c-`m-h\pw
A{]-t`-Zy\pw hn`phpw A\-h-Zy\pw At As A\-
-X-X z-hp-am- W.v
8. thtZym f lam-K-am-ss-cm-cm[yx kI-e-`q-h-\-
lrtZym f lw. ]c-am-\-L
- t\m f lw ]c-am-\-ss-
I- Zq-a -cq-t]mlw
Rm thZ--fm Adn-b-s-tS--h\pw Bcm-[y\pw
kI-e-`p-h-\-lr-Zy\pw ]c-am-\-- kz-cq-]\pw ]c-am-\-ssI
kmm-Xvm-c-hp-am-W.v
9. iptm f la-Zz-tbmlw k-X-`mthm f lamZn
iqt\ym f lw. ian-Xmx {XnXtbm f lw.
_ptm-a p-tm-l-a -p-Xm- mlw
Rm ip\pw B-c\pw imiz-X-hn-m-\-k-a-c-
k\pw tim[nX ]c- X-Xz\pw t_m[m- \- ss-I- aqn-bp-am-Wv.
10. iptZ[m f lam- tcm f lw imiz-X-hn-P-R m-
\- k - a - c - k m- m- l w. tim[n- X - ] - c X tXzm f lw.
t_m[m-\ -ss-I-aqn-tc-hmlw

I 11. hnth-I-bpn _pymlw Pm\m-ay-m-\-a-Zzbw
XYm]n _-tam-mZn hyh-lmcx {]Xo-btX
hnth-I-bpn Ie _pn-bm Bmhv AssZz-
X-sa--dn-bp-p-sh-nepw F\nv _tam mZn hyh-lm-
c-ns {]Xo-X-bp-m-Ip-p.
12. \nhr-tm]n f {]]tm ta kXy-hZv `mXn
khZm
kmZu cp-k-th {_-k-ssh
tIhew
Fs Zrn-bn \npw {]]w hfsc Zqsc-bm-sW-
nepw AXv kXy-sa t]mse tXmp-p. km-Zn-If
- n
cp-J--ns k D- Xp-t]mse Xs- bmWv {]]-
-ns AkvXn-Xzw.
13. {]]- m-[ mc cqt]W htX f tXm PK-
l n btY - I pj c k - k w - h y] vX m i c m
htX XYm
{_- k am{X- amWv {]]- - n- \m- [mcw PKv A.
]-kmc Icn-ns ck-m hym]vX- am-sW-- Xp- t]m-se- Ima-\-I-tfm-Sp-samw \in-p-sIm--s. B\--k-q-\m-
bm-W- Xv.
14. AZzb {_-cq-t]W hym]vtXm f lw ssh
P-K -{Xbw
{_mZn IoS ]cym {]mWnt\m abn
Iev]nXmx
AssZzX {_-cq-] - n Rm {Xn`p-h-\- -fnepw
hym]n-n-cn-p-p. {_w apX IoSw hsc-bp--sXmw
Fn HXp-p-p.
15. _pZv_p-ZmZn hnIm-cm--kvX-cmKm kmKtc bYm
Xcw-Kw {Zhw knp\ hmwRvO-cXn bYm XYm
hnj-bm-\ hmRvOm ta amq-Zm-\ cq]Xx
kap-{Z-m Ipanf apX Xnc-am-eh - s- c-bp cq]-
]n-X-am- bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Fs Dn {_mZn qe-tZ- l- K- X- - fm-Wv. Rm qe-cq- ]- n \npw `n-
IoS- ]- cy- - ap Fm Pohn-Ifpw Iev]n- X- am-Wv. kap{Zw Xcw- \m-I-bm F\nv Ah-bp-ambn _-an-.
K-nse Pew {Kln-m--Xp-t]mse tIh-em-\ kzcq-]-
\m-I-bm F\nv hnj-bm-\--n Xmev]-cy-an-.
16. Zmcn- {Zy-im- bYm \mkvXn kwk-]-Xn ky XYm aa
{_m-\t \na-ky hnj-bmim \ XZv `thXv
[\-hm\v Zmcn-{Zy-s--n-bp Bi-v km[y-X-bn-m-
-Xp-t]mse {_m-\--n \na--\mb F\nv hn{`-
bmian.
17. hnjw Zrzm f arXw Zrzm-hnjw XyPnXn
_pn-am
Bm-\-a]n Zrzmlm a\m-m\w XyPm-arlw
hnjw AarXw Fnh ImWp- tm _p-am- \mb a\p-
N P
395
jy hnjw XyPn-p--Xp-t]mse Rm\pw Bm-hns\ K
Inv A\m-m-hns\ XyPn-p-p.
18. LS-h-`mkvtIm `m\p LS-\mti \ \iyXn
tZlm-h-`m-kIx kmo tZl-\mti \ \iy-Xn.
LSw {]Im-in-n-p kqcy LS-n\v \miw kw`-
hn-mepw \in-p-n-. AXp-t]mse icocw {]Im-in-n-
p kmn tZl-\miw kw`-hn-mepw \in-p-n-.
19. \ta _tm \ta-ap-n \ta imkv{Xw \ta
Kpcp
ambm-am{X hnIm-k-Xzm-m-bm-XotXm f l aZzbx
F\nv _-\-an-. tam-hp-an-. F\nv imkv{X-
an Kpcp-hp- an-. Fs- m CsXmw amb-bpsS hnImkw
am{X-am-W.v
20. {]mWm-e
- p Xss Imssahm
l\yXmw a\x
B\--_pn ]q-ky-aa ZpxJw IYw `thXv
{]mW s]mbvsm--s. a\v kz[--tfmSpw
I-bm F\n-s-s\ ZpxJap-m-Ipw.
21. Bm-\-a-RvPkm thZvan Izm]y-m\w
]em-bnXw
IXr-Xz-aZy ta \w Ihyw hm]n \
IzNnX
Bm-h ns\ A\m- b mkw Rm\- d n-b p- p. Fs
Am\w FhnsS t]msb-s- \n--dn-p-IqSm. Ctm
Fs Ihyw \-am-bn. F\nv Ihyw Hp-an-.
22. {_Wyw Ipe-tKmt{X N \ma-ku-cy PmXbx
qe-tZ-l-KXm GtX qemXv `nky ta
\ ln
{_Wyw Ipew tKm{Xw \maw kucyw PmXn Ch
23. pXv]n-]m-km-y-_m-[ncy Ima-t{Im[m Ztbm
f Jnem
enwK tZl KXm GtX lyenw-Kky \ kn ln
pv ]n]mk AX _m[ncyw Imaw t{Im[w Fo
Fm [- epw enwK ico- c-n nXn- sN- p-
p. Rm
enwK ico-c-a-m--Xp-sImv Fn Ah-sbm-p-an-.
24. PU-Xz-{]-b -tam-ZXz [m ImcW tZl-Km\
kn aa \nXyky \nhn-Imc kzcq-]nWx
PUXzw {]nb-tam-ZXzw Fnh ImcW ico-c-[--
fm-Wv. \nXy\pw \nhn-Im-c-kz-cq-]-\p-am-I-bm Cu [-
Fs _m[n-n-.

I 25. Deq-Iky bYm `m\p c-Imcx {]Xo-btX
kz{]-Imti ]cm-\t Xtam aqVky PmbtX
aqv kqcy A-Im-c-a-b-am-bn- Im-Wp--Xp-t]mse 29. Ime {Xtb bYm ktm cu-\mkvXn
Am-\nv kzbw {]Im-i-amb ]cam-\--n Am-
\ta ImWm km[n-p-p-q.
26. NXp Zrn-\n-tcmt[ f ss{`kqtcym \mkvXoXn
a\ytX
XYm-m-\m-hrtXm tZlo {_-\m-kvXoXn
a\ytX
\mep-`m-K-p-\npw taL- Zrn \ntcm-[n-p-
tm kqcy-\n-sv Bfp-Iv tXmp--Xp-t]mse
Am-\m-hr-X-\mb Pohn {_w Csv Icp-Xp-p.
27. bYm-arXw hnjmZv `nw hnj-tZm-ssj \
en]ytX
\ kv]riman PUmXv `ntm PU-tZm-`m-{]-
Im-iXx
AarXw hnj-n \nv `n-am-I-bm AXv hnj-
tZm-j-m `qjn-X- am-Im-Xp t]mse Rm PU-n
\npw `n-am-I-bm Fs PU-tZmjw kv]in-p-n-.
28. kzev]m]n Zo]-I-WnIm _lpew \mi-tb-ax
kzevt]m f ]n t_mt[m \n_nw _lpfw \mi-
tb-ax
Zo]-ns sNdnb {]Im-i-n\pw \n_n-m-- Imcw
\in-nm Ign-bp-p. AXp-t]mse Aev]-amb m\-
1 B- t _mt[m- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn{]XnjvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{] X n j vT nX amh nc mh o a G [ n th Z k y a
B W o x {i p X w ta am {] l mk o c X t\
\ mU o tX \ m tl m c m{X mX v k wZ [ man E X w
hZnjyman kXyw hZnjyman XmahXp XZv
hcahXp AhXpamw AhXphmcw AhXp
hmcw Hmw imnx imnx imnx
N P
396
K
n\p \n_n-m- - Im-c- am-Ip Am\w \in- n- m Ign-
bp-p.
XYm abn
Al-m-cmZn tZlmw PK-m-kvXy-la
- -Zzbx
{XnIm-e
- -fnepw Ib-dn k-an-m-Xp-t]mse
Al- mcw apX taml-]-cy-- ap PK-v. Fs Dn
{XnIm-e--fnepw C.
30. Nn-{Zq-a-Xzm ta PmUyw kXy-Xzmm
\rXw aa
B\--Xzm ta ZpxJa-m-\mZv `mXn
\nXy-h Xv
Nn{Zq-]-Xz-m F\nv PmUy-an-. kXy-Xz-m
A\r- X - a n- . B\- - X z- m ZpxJan- . Am\w
sImmWv anYybm PKv kXy-ambn tXmp--Xv.
31. B-{]-t_m-t[m-] -\n-j-p-l q ap]m
koXzm \k
]p\-cm-htX \ k ]p\cm htX CXyp-
]- \n-j Xv
Cu B-{]-t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv Aev]-t\-c-sa-nepw
D]m-kn-p a\p-jy hopw {]]--n P\n-m-\n-S-
h-cp-n-. hopw P\n-m-\n-S-h-cp-n-.
B {]t_m-t[m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-
Fs hmv a\n ncambncns. a\v
hmn ncamIs. kzbw {]Imimmth, Fs
apn Av {]Xy\mItW hmMv a\pIsf,
\n cp t]cpw Fs thZm\n\v B[mcamIp
XmWv. Fs thZm`ymks \inncptX. Rm
thZm`ymkm Xs cmhpw ]Iepw apgpInbncnp
h\m-Ipp. Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw kXyw
]dbpp. Fs cntW. hmhns\ cntW.

I Fs cntW. Fs cntW hmhns\ cn
tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. Hmw {]XyKm\ {_ ]pcpjw {]Wh
kzcq]w AImtc DImtcm aImc CXn XyEcw
{]Whw XtZX tZmanXn bapzm apNytX tbmKo
P kwkmc_\mXv Hmw \tam \mcmbWm
tbX n at{ m] mk tI m s s h I p W vT `h \ w
KanjyXn
2. AY bZnZw {_]pcw ]pcoIw Xkvam
[oZmZam{Xw Zo]hXv {]Imiw
3. {_tWym tZhIo ]pt{Xmx |
{_tWym a[p kqZ\x |
{_Wyx ]pcoImtmx |
{_tWym hnjvWp cNypXx
4. kh`qX taIw \mcmbWw ImcW
]pcpjaImcWw ]cw {_ Hmw
5. timItamlhn\napw hnjvWpw [ymb
ssZzXm
ssZzXa`bw `hXn artXym k arXyp
am]v t\mXn b Cl \m t\h ]iyXn
6. KrXv ] aty khw b |
Xv {]mt\ {]XnjvT nXw |
{]m t\{X temIx |
{]m {]XnjvTm {]m\w {_ |
7. k GtX\ {]m\m\m AkvamtmImZp
Xv{Iay Aapjvan kztemI khm Imam
B]vt Xm AarXka`hZarXx ka`hXv
8. b{X tPymXncP{kw |
bkva n temI `ynXw |
Xkva n am tZlo kz am |
\artX temtI AtX |
ANyptX temtI AtX |
AarXXzw N Ktym \ax
Hmtcmnepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hym]nnpffXpw
B\cq]hpw BWv {_]pcpj. AImcw DImcw
aImcwCu aqv ActmSpIqSnb {]Wh kzcq]-
amWv {_w. Hmw FmWv {]Whw AXp P]np
]w tbmKn kmwkmcnI_\fn \nv ap-
\mbnocpp. iwJ N{I KZm[mcnbmb \mcmbW\v
\akvImcw. As\ Hmw \tam \mcmbWmb \ax F
a{ m D]mknp Bcm[I sshIpWv T
[mansepp.
Cu lrZb Iaew {_]pcamWv. AXv anept]m
sebpw {]Imiam\amIpp. tZhIo ]p{X {_m
N P
397
\nIfpsS lnssXjnbmWv Iae t\{X\mb hnjvWp K
{_ m\nIfpsS lnX NnI\mIpp. Ahn\mipw
]cammhpamb Atlw {_mW{]nb\mWv. kIe
`qXfnepw \nhknp GIam{X\mb \mcmbW
XsbmWv ImcW]pcpj. Atlw AtXmsSmw
ImcWclnX\pw ]c{_hpamIpp. AXp t]mse
Hmmc cq]\pw As\bpff hnjvWphns\ [ym\np-
h timIn \npw tamln \npw taml-
n \npw ap\mbn ZpxJ clnX\mIpp. ssZzXhpw
AssZzXw Xs. AXv bYmn D`b cq]amIpp.
{_n t`Zw ImWph acWs XpSv acWw
{]m]npp. lrZb Iaens a[yn bmsXmcp
khkzcq]amb {_w `hnpp. AXv XsbmWv
{]m\ n {]Xnj v T nXambnpffXv . temIw
{]mm\cq]amb t\{Xw tNXmIpp. {]
{]Xnjv T t\SnbncnpXmWv . {_w {]m\
kzcq]amWv. bYm m\n B DXvI rjvS m\
bpIvXamb Bmhns cq]n Cu temIn \nv
DXv { Ia nv Dbv k ztemI nep ff k Ie
Ima\Isfbpw AXn{Ianv Aac\mbnocpp. AhnsS
\nXytPymXnv {]Iminpp. AhnsS Fmhn[n
epapff ]qP e`npp. Av F\nv Cu Aac
temIn m\w \Inbmepw. B Ahn\minbmb
temIn c[clnXamb temIn B
Ab temIn As\bpff m\n sNsp
p. {]Yam[ymbw kam]np.
ZznXobm[ymbw
1. {]KfnX\nPamtbm lw \nkvXpe Zrin
cq]hkvXp amt{Xm lw
AkvX anXmltmlw {]KfnX PKZoi
Poht`tZm lw
2. {]XyK`n ]tcm lw hn[zmkvXmtij hn[n
\ntjt[m lw
kapZkvXm{iantImlw {]hnXX kpJ
]q kwhntZhmlw
3. kmy\ t]tm lw \nP |
alnav \nkwntXmlaNtemlw |
APtcm lahytbm lw |
]an]mZn t`Zhn[ptcmlw |
4. Aht_mss[Itkm lw |
tam\ss I knptchm lw |
kqvtam latcmlw |
anKfnX KpWPme tIhemlw |
5. \nkvs s{XKpWy ]tZm lw |
Ipnmt\I temIIet\mlw |
 398

I IqS tNXt\m lw | 7. Rm \nch[n \nPt_m[\pw kXzam{X kzcq]\pwK

\njv{Inj [maml a{hXtIymlw | hn`phpw A\h\y\pw kv Xh amss{XI\pamIpp.

1. Fs ambmtamlw ianncnpp. Rm AXpe 8. Rm thZhZy\pw Bcm[y\pw kIe `ph\ lrZy\pw

Zi\k zcq] hkv X p am{XamWv . F s Al ]cam\[\\pw ]cam\kzcq]\pamWv .
\inncnpp. Cuizc PohtemIw XpSnb Fs 9. Rm ip\pw A`b BZn iq\y\pw ianXmx
t`Z _pnsbmw \jvSsncnpp. {InbX\pw _p\pw ap\pw ApXmmhpaIpp.
2. Rm {]XyKmmhn \nv A`n\mb ]camm 10. Rm ip\pw Bc\pw imizXhnm\ [\\pw
hmWv Fs kw_nnStmfw kIehn[n \ntj[ ]cXXzw tim[\ sNbvXh\pw t_m[m\ kzcq]\p
fpw AkvXanp. Rm B{ia [ hens amWv.
dnp. hnime kpJab\p m\ kzcq]\pamWv
11. hnthI _pnbpn_py |
Rm.
Pm\maymm\aZhybw |
3. Rm kmnbmWv F\nv Hpambpw _an.
XYm]n_tammZn |
kzw alnabn Rm Ignbpp. Rm ANe\pw
APc\pw Aac\pw Ahyb\pamIpp. hyhlmcx{]XobtX |
12. \nhrtm ]n {]]tmta |
4. Rm Aht_mss[Ick\mWv, tamm\ns
kap{ZamWv Rm kqvaamWv; AcamWv. KpW kXyhZv `mXn khZm |
ssIhnv tIhemmhmWv Rm. kZu cpkth |
5. \nkvss{XKpWy]Z\mWv, Rm IqS tNX\mWv. {_kssh tIhew |
\njv{Inb [mamhpw A{]XIy\pamWv Rm. 13. {]]m[mc cqt]W |
6. GtImlahnItemlw | htXtXm PKln |
\ne\nhmWaqntchmlw | btYpckkwhy]v Xm |
\nchthm ltatPm lw | icmhtX XYm |
tIhew km{Xkmc `qtXm lw | 14. AZzbm{_ cqt]W |
7. \nch[n \nPt_mt[m lw | hym]vtXm lw sshPK{bw |
ip`Xc`mthm la{]t`tZym lw | {_mZnIoS]cym {]mWnt\m abnIev]nXm
hn`pcla\htZym lw | 15. _pZv _pZnhnImcm |
\nch[n \nxoa XXz amt{Xmlw | kvXcwKm kmKc bYm |
8. thtZymlamKamss | XcwKw {Zhm knp |
cmcmt[ym lw kIe`ph\lrtZym lw | \hmRvOXn bYmXYm |
]cam\ [t\m lw | hnjbm\ hmcmta |
]cam\ssI `qacqt]m lw | hm`qZm\ cq]Xx |
9. iptm laZztbm lw | 11. Rm hnhI _pnbm Bmhns\ AssZzXsav
kX `mthm lamZn iqt\ymlw | a\nempp.Fnp _ tammZn hyhlmcn
s]Spp.
ianXmx {XnXtbm lw |
_ptmaptm l aZv`qXmlw | 12. Fs ZrjvSnbn \nv {]]w ZqcnemWv.
Ans\ Ftmgpw AXv kXysav tXmpp. hmkvX
10. iptmlamtcmlw |
hn kmZnIfn Ibdns Akv X nXzapffXp
imizXhnm\ kackmmlw | t]msebmWv {]]ns AkvXnXzw.
tim[nX ]cXtXzm lw |
13. {]]ns B[mcambn hnpXv. {_k
t_m[m\ssIaqntchmlw | bmWv PKv bYmn C. Icnn ]kmc
6. Rm GI\pw, AhnIe\pw, \ne\nhmWaq DS\ofw Ahy cq]n hnpXpt]mse
nbpw, \ncbh\pw, AP\pw tIhe km{Xkmc`qX {]]n {_ns AkvXnXzw \ne\npp.
\pamWv.

N P
 399

I 14. kap{Zn ]Xbpw \pcbpw sXmv XcwK hscbp AXns [tfmSpw Ima\tImSpw IqSn AXv K
ffh Iev]nXamsWXp t]mse Fs Dffn {_w \inpsImffs. B\m\]\mIbm F\nv
sXmv IoS hscbpffh Iev]nXam{XamIpp. Fs\ ZpxJapmIm\mWv?
15. XncameI Xpfffp Pens Xmev] cyw kap- 21. Bm\aRvPkmthZva n |
{Zw ]cnKWnmXp t]mse tIhew B\kzcq]\m Izm]yPvRm\w ]embnXw |
Ibm F\nv hnjbfpsS B\ns Cbn.
IrXzaZyta \jvSw |
16. Zmcn{ZymimbYm \mkvXn | Ihyw hm]n \ IzNnXv |
kky bYm aa | 22. {_mWyw Ipe tKmt{XN |
_m\t \nalrky | \ma kucyPmXbx |
hnjbmim \ XZv `thZv | qemXv `nky ta \ln |
17. hnjw ZrjvS m arXw ZrjvS zm | 23. pXv ]n]mkmy_m[nXy |
hnjw XyPXn_pnam | Ima t{Im[mZtbm Jnem |
Bm\a]n ZrjvS zml | enwKtZlKXm GtX |
a\mm\w XyPmaylw | ly enwKky \ knln |
18. LS\mh`mktIm `m\p | 24. PUXz{]nb tamZXz |
LS\mti \ \iyXn | [mx ImcW tZlKm \ kn aa \nXyky
tZlm hZmkIx kmo | \nhnImc kzcq]nWx |
tZl\mti \ \iyXn | 25. DeqIky bYm`m\p |
19. \ta _tm \ ta apn | cImcx {]XobtX |
\ ta imkv{Xw \ ta Kpcpx | kz{]Imti ]c\t |
ambmam{XhnImkXzm | Xtam aqVkyPmbtX |
mbm XotXmllaZzbwx |
21. Bmhns\ {]bmkw IqSmsX R Adnbpp.
20. {]mWmepXss | Fs Am\w FhnsS t]msbmfntm?C\n F\nv
Imssa hm l\yXmw a\x | Hpw sNtXmbnn.
A\ _n]qky | 22. {_mWXzw, Ipew, tKm{Xw, \maw, kucyw, PmXn,
aa ZpxJw IYw `thXv | CXnssbmw AkvXnXzw qe tZlnemWv. Rm
qe cq]n \npw `n\mWv. AXn\m F\nv
k\v Zmcn{Zy ZpxJn\nSbnmXp t]mse
AhtbmsSmpambn _an.
{_m\n a\mb F\nv hnjbm`nemjn
sImXnbpmhm\nSbn. 23. hniv, Zmlw, AXzw, _[ncXzw, Imaw, t{Im[w,
XpSnb kakvX [fnepw enwK tZlnemWv.
17. _pnam\mb hyn hnjsbpw AarXsbpw
Rm enwK tZl clnX\mIpp. Fn Ahsbmpw
ImWptm hnjw ssIshSnv AarXw kzoIcnp
Xsbn.
Xpt]mse Rm\pw Bmhns\ Inv A\mmhns\
ssIshSnbpIbmWv. 24. PUX, {]nbX, B\n XpSnbh ImcW
tZlns [fmWv. Rm \nXy\pw \nhnImc
18. IpSw Ccnppsp ImWnpsImSpp kqcy
kzcq]\pamIpp. AXn\m Cu [ FtX.
B IpSw s]mntmsbv shv \inmXpt]mse
icocns kmnbmb Bmhn\v icocw \inp 25. aqbvv kqcy AImcabambn ImWsSpXp
shv \miw DmIpn. t]mse Am\nIv imizXamb ]cam\nepw
Am\w am{Xta ImWm Ignbppffq.
19. F\nv _\an, F\nv taman, F\nv
imkv{ Xan, F\nv Kpcphn ImcWw CsXmw 26. NXpZrjvSn \ntcm[m{`w |
ambbpsS hnImkw am{XamWv Rm ambbvpdv kqtcym \mkvXoXn a\ytX |
AssZzXkzcq]amIpp. XYm m\hrtXm tZlo |
20. {]mW t]mIpsn s]mbvs mffs, a\v {_mh\mkvX oXn a\ytX |

N P
 400

I 27. bYmarXw hnjmZv `nw | Xn\m kqcy C Fv P\ sXncnpXp K

hnjtZmssj\ en]ytX | t]mse Am\m hebw sNs Pohn {_
Csv Nnnpp.
\ kv]riman PUmXv `ntm |
PUtZmjm {]ImiX | 27. AarXw hnjn \nv `namIbm hnjbns
tZmjm AXv aen\amImXp t]mse Rm
28. kzev] m]n Zo] IWnIm |
PUn \nv hyXykvX \mWv. AXn\m PUXz
_lpew \mitbax | ns tZmjw Fs kv]inpIbn.
kzevt ]m]n t_mt[m |
28. hnfns sNdnb {]` Xsbpw AImcs
\n_nUw _lpfw \mitbax | \innpXpt]mse sNdnb m\w Xsbpw
29. Ime{Xtb bYm ktm | KmVmImc cq]amb Am\s \innpp.
c\ \mkvXn XYm abn | 29. Ibdn ham\Imenembmepw `qX\Ime
AlmcmZntZlmw | nembmepw `mhnbnembmepw kan, AXpt]mse
PKmkvXyl aZzbx | Xs AImcw sXmv tZlw hsc kwkmcw aqp
Imenepw Fnen. Rm tIhew AssZzXw am{X
30. Nn{Zq]Xzmta PmUyw |
amIpp.
kXyXzmm\rXw aa |
30. Rm ssNX\y kzcq]\mWv. AXn\m Fn
B\Xzm ta ZpxJ |
PUXbn. Rm kXykzcq]\mWv. AXn\m Fn
am\mXv `mXn kXyhXv | AkXyan. Rm B\ cq]\mWv. AXn\m F\nv
31. B{]t_mt[m]\njXv | ZpxJan. CsXms Am\mepff tXmemWv.
aplq ap]mknXzm \ k | 31. Cu B {]t_m[ D]\njv cp \mgnIsb
]p\cmhtX \ k | nepw A[yb\w sNp a\pjy\v cmaX `qanbn
]p\cmhtX CXyp]\njXv | ]ndtnhcpIbn FpffXv Adntb clkyamWv.

26. taL ImcWw \mephipw ZrjvSn XSbs- Bt_mt[m]\njXv kam]np.

1Bcp- W n- t Im- ] - \ n- j v3

imn- ] mTw ]p- -am-ItW. Rm \ncm-I -cn- m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn- -tW.

Hmw B]y-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-px
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-] -\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw amam
{_ \ncm-Itcm Z \ncm-I-c-Wa - kvXp \ncm-I-cWw
tak vX p X Zm- \ n \ nc tX b D ] - \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
]c-{_-ta, Fs kIe AwK-fpw hmv {]mW
t\{Xw t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw inbpw C{n-b-fpw ]cn-
N P
{_w Fs ]c-Xy-Pn-m-Xn-cn--s. F\npw ]c-{_--
n\pw Xn At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-I-tW. {_-\n-c-
X-\mb Fn D]-\n-j-Zp---fmb [- nXn
sN-tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. Hmw BcpWnx {]Pm-]-tX temIw PKma Xw
KtXzm- h mN tI\ `K- h Ia- W w- b - t i- j tXm
hnkr-P m-\ oXn Xw tlmhm-N -{]-P m-] Xn kvX ]-] p-
{Xm {ZmXr _zm-Zo inJmw bmtm-]-hoXw
NbmKw N kq{Xw N kzm[ymbw N qtem-I-`q-

I h temI kz temI-a-ltemI P\-temI Xt]m-
temI kXy-temIw NmXe ]mXmf hnXe krXe
c k m- X e X e m- X e al m- X e {_ m w N
hnkPtb Z-am-m-Z\w ssNh Iu]o\w N ]cn-
{K-tlXv tijw hnkrtPZnXn
AcpW ]p{X-\mb BcpWn {_-tem-I - n At-
ls Iv ]d-p. Rm F-s\-bmWv kh-I-
fpw Dt]-n-t-Xv? Amcyw F\nv ]dp Xc-
Ww. {_mhv ]d-p. BZy-ambn ]p{X-m-scbpw _p-
-sfbpw apw Dt]- n- -W w. AXn-\ ptijw inJ
btm-]h - oXw tbmKw kq{Xw kzm[ymbw Ch ssIsh-
Sn-b -Ww. ]ns `qtem-Iw, `qhtem-Iw, kXy-tem-Iw,
altem-Iw, P\-tem-Iw, Xt]m-tem-Iw, kXy-tem-Iw, AX-
ew, ]mXm-fw, hnX-ew, kpX-ew, ckm-Xe Xem-Xew alm-
Xew Fq#o ]Xn-m-ep-tem-It- mSp IqSnb {_m-
s Dt]-n--Ww. AXm-bXv Ah-bn Hn-s\--
nbpw B{Klw tXm-cp-X.v Zw Iu]o\w icocw ad-p-
hm AXym-hiyw th hkv{Xw Fn-h-am-{Xhpw ssIh-
ihpw Dm-bn-cn-m-hq. ap kI-eXpw ssIsh-Sn-bW
- w.
2. Krltm {_-Nmco hm\-{]tm hm euIn-
Im- n-\ p-Z-c mu kam-c m-t]m-tbXv Kmb{Xow k
kzhm-Nmu kam-tcm-]tb Zp]-hoXw `qam-h]vkp
hm hnkr-tPXv IpSo-Ntcm {_-N mco IpSpw_w
hnkr-tPXv ]m{Xw hnkr-tPXv ]hn{Xw hnkr-tPXv
Zmw eu InIm-ow hnkr-tP-ZnXn tlmhmN
AX Du[z-K-a\w hnkr-tP-{n-k-ym-Zb kv\m\-
am- N - t c X v k n k am- [ m- h m \ ymN - t c X v
kthjp thtZjp BcWy Iam-h-tb-Zp-]-\n-
jZ amh-tb-Zp-]-\n-j-Z-am-h -tb-ZnXn.
Krl-m-{i-antbm {_-Nm-cntbm hm\-{]-t\m
Bbmepw X-fpsS btm-]h - o-Xs `qan-bntem Pe-
ntem Dt]-n- -Ww. euIn-Im- n-Isf Pcm-n-bn- ebn-
nv Xs hmm-Ip An-bn Kmb{Xn tN-Ww.
B{i-a-hm-kn-bmb {_-Nmcn IpSpw-_s ]m{X-tm-
sSmv Dt]-n--Ww. ]hn{Xw Ifv Zhpw euIn-
Im-nbpw ssIhn- SWw ]ns a{-lo-\-s\-tmWw Ccpv
Du[z-tem-I-{]m-]vXn-sb--n-bp Nnbpw ssIsh-Sn-b-
Ww. {Xnk-y-I-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-Ibpw ky-I-fn
kam-[n-m-\m-hp-Ibpw thWw. Fm thZ-fpw D]-\n-j-
p-Ifpw A[y-b\w sN-Ww.
3. Jezlw {_-kq{Xw kqN-\mXv kq{Xw {_-
kq-{X-a-l-tah hnZzmw kv{XohrXv kq{Xw XytP-Zzn-
Zzm\y Ghw thZ kXykvX w abm kw\rkvX w
abm kw\rkvXw atbXn f {Xn IrXzm-`bw kh-
`q-tXt`ym ax khw {]htX kJm amtKm-
] m- b - \ Px k J mtbm f k o{ k y ht{Pm f
knhm{XLv\w i ta `h-bXv ]m]w Xn-hm-c-
tbXn At\\ at{-W -IrXw sshWhw Zw
N P
401
Iu]o\w ]cn-{Ktl Huj[ hZ-i-\-am-N-tc-Zuj Zh K
Zi-\-am-N -tcXv {_-N-cy-a-l nwkm Nm]cn {Klw
N kXyw N bXvt\\ tl ctXm tl ctXm
tl cX CXn.
]ns {_-kq{Xw Rm Xs-bmWv F \n-b-
ZmVy-tmsS btm-]-hoXw Dt]-n--Ww. Cs\
sNbvXv Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p. Rm k\ymkw
kzoI-cn-p. Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p. Fv aqp XhW
]d-bW- w. A`bw kh-`q-tXt`ymx F a{-m A`n-
a-{n-X -amb apf-h -S nbpw Iu]o-\ hpw kzoI-c n- -W w.
Huj[w F t]mse Inp--X-am{Xw `nv kwXr-]vX-
\m-IW
- w. tl BcpWo k\ymkn Bb-Xn-\p-tijw {_-
Ncyw Alnwk A]-cn-Krlw kXyw Fnh ]cn-]m-en--
Ww. {]bm-k-spw Ah ]pe-Ww.
4. AYmX ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-Im-\m- am-k-\-i-b -\m-
ZnIw `qau {_-Nm-cnWmw arXv]m{Xw hm f em_p-
]m{Xw Zmcp-]m{Xw hm Ima-t{Im[ lj-tcm-j-tem-
`-taml ZwZw Zm-kqbm aa-Xymlw Imcm-Zo-\]n
XrtPXv hjmkp {[ph-iotem f u amkm-t\-
ImIo bXn--tXXv Zzmthh hm NtcXv Zzm thhhm
Ntc-Z nXn.
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-P-I-\m-bn-o-Xn\p tijw InS-p-
Xpw Ccn-p-Xpw \ne- m-bn-cn--Ww. {_-Ncyw ]men-
-Ww. a]m-{Xtam Npc-m- tmtSm ac-m-{Xtam kqn-
mw. Imaw t{Im[w tcmjw tem`w tamlw ZwZw Zw ]c-
\n C-a-aX Al-mcw ljw Fnh ]q-ambpw ]cn-
Xy-Pn--Ww. hj-Im-ev Hcn-Sp Xs Xma-kn-mw.
k-cn-t-. Fp-amkw GIm-In-bmtbm Hcm-fpsS klm-
b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm k-cn--Ip.
5. Jep thZmw tbm hnZzm tkm]m-\ b
\mq[z-ta-Xm\n {]mKzm-Xy-tPXv ]nXcw ]p{X-a-yp-
]- h oXw I If{Xw N m\ y- Z - h o- l - b - X tbm
`nmw {Kmaw {]hn-iXn ]mWn-]m-{X-ap-Z-c-]m{Xw
hm Hmw ln Hmw ln tXyX-Zp-]-\n-jZw hn\y-tkXv
Jtez-X-Z p-]-\ n-jZw hnZzm b Ghw thZ-X -Zzn-j -
AtWm ]c-aw-]-Zw-kZm ]iyn kqcbx ZnZo-]-N-
p-cm-XXw XZzn {]mtkm hn]-Xythm PmKp-hmwk
kan- tX hnjvtWmcyXv ]caw ]Z-anXn Ghw
\nhm-W-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-k\w thZm-\p-im-
k-\ -a nXn.
Cu hn[w Adn-bp--h D]-\-b\ - -kw-kvIm-c-n\p
aptm ]ntm amXm-]n-Xm--sfbpw ]p{X- I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw
D]-hoXw An Fn-h-sbbpw kI-eI - --sfbpw ]cn-
Xy-Pn--Ww. ssII `nm ]m{X-amn `n-q. {Kma-
n t]mbn Hmw ln Hmw ln Hmw ln Fv aqp {]mhiyw
D-cn--Ww. Cu D]-\n-jv Adnv sImv AXn
B-bp hyn m\n-sbv ]d-bs - -Sp-p. miv

I Iqhfw Fn-h-bpsS Zav[w tXmev taJe ]qWq Fn-
h- sbbpw Dt]-nv AXn- s\-n ]q-amb m\w t\Sp-
-XmWv D-a. `K-hm hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-[maw BIm-
i-n {]Im-inp sImn-cn-p kqcy-s\-tmse Nn-
bs {]Im-i-m ]c-a-thym-a-n hym]n-n-cn-p
m\n-bmb D]m-k-I kZm B ]c-a-[m-as Zkn-p-
p. Ima-\m-c-ln- X- cmb D]m- k- I- m km[-\-bn Xs apgp-
1 EtKzZob kc- k zXyp- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn {]XnjvTnXm at\m ta
hmNn {]XnjvTnXamhncm hota G[n thZky a
BWn kwZ[maypXw hZnjyman kXyw
hZnjyman XmahXp XZzmchXp AhXpama
hXphmcahXp hmcw
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(Hmw Fs hmv a\n ncambncntW.
a\v hmn ncambncntW. tl kzbw {]Imim
mthm Av Fs apn {]XyamItW. hmMva\
pIsf, \n Fs thZm\n\m[mcamWv.
AXn\m Fs thZm[yb\s \inncptX. Cu
thZm[ymb\n XsbmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw
NnehgnpXv Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw
kXyw ]dbpw. Fs cntW. hIvXmhns\ cn
tW. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
lcn Hmw. Hcp Ln EjnI `Khm Btizm
embs\ hn[n]qhw ]qPnv tNmZnpx"" `Khmt\,
bmsXmp sImv "XXv' F ]Zns A`qXamb
]cammhns t_m[w DmIpw? B PvR m\w GXp
D]mbm {]m]nm Ignbpw? GXp tZhXsb
D]mknv Atbv v XXzm\apmbn? Imcyw
F\nv ]dp XctW.'' `Khm BizembW
]dp..."" ap\nhcmsc, _oPa{w tNv ]v
EXptfmSpIqSn kckzXo Zitbm Io alma{m
kvX pXnbpw P]hpw \SnbnmWv F\nv ]cmknn
e`nXv.'' EjnI tNmZnp. "" Da{hX[mcnbmb apt\,
Fp{hXw A\pjv TnmWv, GXp {]Imcnepff
N P
402
In-b-Xn-\p-tijw AhnsS Fn-t-cp-p. Ah AhnsS
K
IqSp-X tXtPm-a-b-am-p-p. Ima-\m-lo-\c
- mb D]m-k-I-
mp am{Xta B ]c-a-[maw e`n-p-Ib - p-q. CX-dn-bp-
-h apn kqNn-n ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-p. CXmWv
thZm- \p-im-k- \w.
Bcp-Wn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
[ym\memWv Atbv v kmckzXa{w e`nXv?
Fp sNbvXm `KhXn alm kckzXn {]kbmIpw?
B D]mbw FtmSv ]dpXctW'' Atm Bizmem
b\ ap\n ]dp.
Aky {iokckzXo ZitmIoalma{ky
Alamiz emb\ Ejnx A\pjvSphv Ox {io
hmKoizco tZhXm tZhoXn IoeIw hn\ntbmK
kvXXv {]oXyt {im ta[m {]PvRm [mcWw
h mK v t Zh X, al m kc kzXo ta[m {] m
[mcWw hmKv t ZhX, alm kckzXot\yssX-
cwK\ymkx
(Cu kckzXo ZitmIo alm a{ns Ejn
Bizmeb\\mb Rm Xs. Ov A\pjvS hv. {io
hmKoizco tZhX. ""bZzmKv'' FXv _oPw ""tZhow hmNw''
FXv in. ""{]tWm tZhn FXv IoeIw. ]mKoizco
tZhXsb {]oXnsSppXn\v hn\ntbmKw. {i, ta[,
{], [mcW, hmKvtZhX, almkckzXnCu \ama-
a{fm AwK\ymkw sNWw. Fs\sbm
Hmw {imssb \tam lrZbmb \ax Hmw
ta[mssb \ax inctk kzmlm Hmw {]mssb
\ax inJmssb hjSv Hmw [mcWmssb \ax
IhNmsb lpw Hmw hmKv t ZhXmssb \tam
t\{X{Xbmb hujSv Hmw almkckzssXy \ax
A{Xmb^Sv.
[ym\w
\olmclmcL\kmckp[mIcm`mw
IeymWZmw I\INI `mhZqjmw

I DpwK]o\ IpNIpw` at\mlcmwKow
hmWow \aman a\km hNkm hn`pssXy.
(lnaw apm lmcw Iqcw AXpt]mse N{s
B`bvsm ip{`Imn Ch tN hPw IeymWZm
bn\nbpw kph kZriyhpw, hoXhpamb sNI
]pjv]fpsS amemb tim`nXbpw Db IpNIpw`
fm at\mlcamb AwKw tNhfpamb kckzXo
tZhnsb Rm hn`qXnmbn a\psImpw hNp
sImpw \akvIcnpp.)
1. Hmw {]tWm tZho Cu a{ns Ejn
`cZzmP; Ov Kmb{Xn, tZhX kckzXn. Hmw
\ax CXv _oPw in IneIw Ch aqpw
CjvSknnmWv CXns hn\ntbmKw a{m
AwK\ymkw sNpI. bYmn thZm
imkv{X ns A kp ZqXh mb {_ XX zw
Xs kzcq]ambnpffhfpw ]e{]Imcnep-
apff \macq]fm {]ikvXXbpamb kckzXo
tZhn Fs cns.
Hmw {]tWm tZho kckzXo hmtP`nhmPn\n
hXo [o\mahn{XhXp
(Hmw. Zm\m tim`hlnphfpw Am
kbpw kvXpXnp D]mkImsc cnph
fpamb kckzXotZhn Rsf Am kpcnXcm
tW. (Rv karbmbn Aw XcpamdmItW.)
2. ""B t\m Znh..........'' Cu a{ns Ejn
A{XnbmWv: Nmv {XnjvSphv; tZhXkckzXo:
{lo Fv _oPw in IoeIw A`ojvS{]tbmP\
ns knnbmWv hn\ntbmKw. Cu a{w sImv
AwK\ymkw sNWw.
2. {low B t\m Znthm l _rlX. ]hXmZm
kckzXo bPXm Kp bw
lhw tZho PqPpjmWm LrXmNo
imw t\m ]mNapiXo irtWmXp
{low Rfm bjvShybmb kckzXo tZho
{]Imiabamb {ZyptemIn \nv Xmsgsbn.
alpw ]hXmImchpamb taLnSbvp \nv
RfpsS bn ]psImffs. RfpsS
bn ]psImffs. RfpsS kvXpXnbm
{]k bmbn B tZhn tkzm]qhw RfpsS
kqkpJIcamb kvtXm{X tIpamdmIs.
3. ]mhIm ""\x'' Cu a{ns Ejna[pNvi
mWv, Ov Kmb{Xn; tZhX kckzXo; {io FXv
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpw, CjvSm knnmWv
Cu a{ns hn\ntbmKw. a{m AwK\ymkw
sNpI.
N P
403
bmsXmcm bYmn hw ]Zw hmIyw K
AhbpsS A w ChbpsS cq] n k h{X
hym]vX bmWv, bmsXmcp tZhn AZyclnXbmWv,
A\cq]hXnbmWv, B kckzXotZho Rsf
cns.
{iow ]mhIm \x kckzXo hmtP`nhm
Pn\ohXnx bw hjvSp [nbm hkp
bmsXmcph khscbpw ]cnipcmphfpw
Am kbpw In {]m]n [\ns
D]e_v[nv ImcWamIpp. B kckzXotZhn R
fpsS bn ]psImffm Xmev]cyw ImWnp
amdmIs.
4. "tNZbn{Xo' Cu a{ns Ejn a[p
BWv Ov Kmb{Xn. tZhX kckzXn
"pw' FpffXv _oPhpw IoeIhpamIpp.
A`njvSmknnv hn\ntbmKa{m AwK\ymkw
sNpI.
bmsXmcph A [ymA [ntZh cq]bmWv ,
tZhmcpsS CuizcnbmWv, RfpsS Dffn a[yahm
WnbpsS cq]n \nesImffphfmWv B kckzXo
tZhn Fs cnpamdmIs.
4. pw tNmZbn{Xo kq\rXm\mw tNXo
kpaXo\mw bw Zt[ kckzXo
pw bmsXmcph {]nbhpw kXyhpamb ]dbp
Xn t{]cW\Iphfpw Da _pntNhcpw
{Inbm ]cmbWcpamb ]pcpjmv Ihyw t_m[
sSpphfmWv. As\bpff kckzXo tZhn Cu
bs [mcWw sNbvXncnpp.
5. ""atlm AWx'' Cu a{ns Ejn Nv
BWv Okv Kmb{Xnx tZhX kckzXnbpw ""ku'' CXp
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpamIpp. a{m \ymkw
A\pjvTnpI ""bmsXmcph Acyman F cq]n
kakvX {XntkmInbpsSbpw \nb{Ww hlnpp,
cp{Z BZnXy XpSnb kckzXo tZhn Rsf
cns.
5. ""kux'' atlm AWx kckzXo {] tNXbXn
tIXp\m [ntbm hnizm hn cmPXn
""ku'' ( Cu a{n \Zo cq]bmb kckzXnbpsS
kvXpXnbmWv) \Zo cq]n {]ISbmb kckzXo tZhn
Xs {]hmlcq]amb Im Xs AKm[Pecmin
]cnNbsSpnsmv kIecpsSbpw _pnsb
Do]nnpp.
6. ""NXzmcn hmIv'' Cu a{ns Ejn DNYy]p{X-
\mb ZoLXamWv. Ov {XnjvSphv tZhXkckzXn-

I bpw "" sFw'' FXv. _oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpamIp-
p. CjvSknnmbn hn\ntbmKw. a{m \ymkw
sNpI.
bmsXmcph AZrjvSnbpff PohnIv
\m\mcq]fn hybmbnXov kh{X GIam{X
bmb m\ kzcq]ambn t_m[kzcq]ambn ]cnekn
pp. B kckzXo tZhn Rsf cnpamdmIs.
6. "sF' NXzmcn hmv ]cnanXm ]Zm\n
Xm\n hnZp{_mWm tb a\ojnWx
Kplm {XoWn \nlnXm t\wKbn
Xqcntb hmtNm a\pjym hZn
sFw hmWnMv \mep]Z Dv AXmbXv
hmWnbmsI \mep`mKambn hn`Pnsncnp
]iyn a[ya, sshJcn, Chsb Adnhpff {_mW
a\nempp. ChbnemWv. AXn\m Ah ]pdv
ImWsSpn. \memasXmb sshJcna\pjy
kwkmcnpp (C s\bpff hmWo cq] n
kckzXnsb kvXpXnpI.)
7. ""bZzm KzZn' Cu a{ns Ejn `mh\mWv
Ov {XnjvTphv, tZhXkckzXnbpw; ow FXmWv
_oPhpw inbpw IoeIhpw, a{wsImv \ymkw
sNpI.
""bmsXmv \maw PmXn BZnbmb t`Zm Fp
hn[ n hnIk nXambncn pp A tXmsSmw
\nhnIev] cq]n hyambnsmncnpp, B
kckzXo tZhn Fs cnpamdmIs.
7. ""ow'' bZzmKzmZy hn tNXm\n
cmjvS o tZhm\mw \njkmZ a{m
NX{k DuP ZpZptl ]bmwkn
Iz kznZkymx ]caw PKma
"ow' cmjv{So AXmbXv Znhy`mhs {]Iminnp
hfpw tZhmsc B\ abmphfpw Bb
tZhnbmb hmWn bmsXmcp Ln Am\nIv
m\w ]Ip sImv bn hncmPnpp. 10. sFw Aw_nXta \ZoXta tZhnXta kckzXn
B k abw \mep Zn pIfnepw A nsbpw
Pensbpw tZml\w \Spp. B a[yam hmn
t{ijvTambnpffXv FhnsS t]mIpp?
8. tZhow hmNw Cu a{ns Ejn `mh\mWv
Ov {XnjvSmhv, tZhX kckzXn. kux CXv _oPhpw
inbpw IoeIhpw. a{w sImv \ymkw sNpI.
hyhpw Ahyhpamb hmWntbmSpIqSnb
tZhmZnkakvX {]mWnIfpw bmsXmcp tZhnsb hnp
p. bmsXmcm kIe A`ojvSfpamIp ZpKv[w
Idp sImSpp Imat[\phmWv B kckzXn tZhn
Rsf cnpamdmIs.
N P
404
8. ku tZhow hmNaP\bt tZhmkvXmw K
hnizcq]mx ]ithm hZn
km t\m at{jaqPw Zplm\m
t[\phmKkvam \p] krjvSpssXXp
ku {]mWcq]mcmb tZhm {]Imiam\bmb
sshJcohmWntZhnsb P\nnp. AXns\ ]ehn[n
epff hynI kwkmcnpp. tZhn Imat[\phns\
tmse B\ZmbnIbpw, Ahpw, _ehpw \Ip
hfpw hm{Kp]nWnbpw Bb `KhXn kckzXnbmWv.
tZhn DanekvXpXnbm kpjvS\mbn RfpsS
ASpss.
9. DXXz Cu a{ns Ejn _rlkv] XnbmWv.
Ov {XnjvSpv. tZhX kckzXn. kw FXv _oPw
in, IoeIw Ch aqpamIpp. (hn\ntbmKw ap
sse a{w sImp A\pjvTnpI.
bmsXmcptZhnsb {_hnZymcq]bambn a\n
emn tbmKnI kIe _t\m]mbfpw ssIhnSp
p. ]ca]Zs {]m]npp. B kckzXotZhn Fs
cnpamdmIs.
9. kw DX Xz ]iy ZZi hmN
arX Xz irWz \ irtWmtXy\mw
DtXm Xzkvssa Xw hnkt{k
Pmtbh ]Xy XpiXox kphmkmx
k w ]e pw tZhnsb ImWpps nepw
ImWm Ignbpn ]ecpw tInpw tIm icm
Ipn. Fm Nnesc kw_nnStmfw hmKvtZhn
Xs kzcq]s, ]Xnsb t{]anp kpcnbpw hkv{X
`qjnXbpw Bb ]Xv\n ]XnbpsS apn A\mhrX
cq]ambn kao]npXpt]mse tZhn ASpspp.
10. Aw_nXta Cu a{ns Ejn KpaZ\mWv
Ov A\pjvShv, tZhXkckzXn sF FXv _oPhpw
inbpw IoeIhpamIpp. a{m hn\ntbmKw
A{]kvXm Ch kvakn {]ikvX naw`
kkv Ir[n
sFw (]caIeymWabn) amXmfn kh
t{ijvT bpw, \ZnIfn kht{ijv Tbpw tZhnIfn
kht{ijvTbpamb kckzXo tZhn. [\m`mhw \nanw
R \nnXsctmsebmWv . At, Rv
{]ikvXnbpw [\karnbpw XcpI.
1. NXpapJapJmwt`mPh\lwkah[qa
am\tk caXmw \nXyw khipm kckzXo
 405

I (bmsXmcptZhn {_mhns apJamIp Iae 8. Xsskyhw kvXphtXm \nXyw ka`yNy K

h\n kcnp cmPlwknbmIpp; Fmbn
Spw ip{`Imn]cphfmWv. As\bpff kc
kzXn RfpsS a\mIp am\kn \nXyhpw
hnlcnpamdmIs.
2. \akvtX imctZ tZhn Imivaoc]pchmkn\n
Xzmalw {]mtb \nXyw hnZymZm\w
N tZln ta
Atbm Imivaoc]pcn \nhknp imcZm
tZhn, tZhnv \akv Imcw, Rm \nXyw tZhnsb {]m
npp. F\nv hnZy {]Zm\w sNbvXmepw.
3. Akq{Xmpi[mcm ]mi ]pkvXI
[mcnWo
aplmckambpm hmNn XnjvTXp ta kZm
Xs \mepssIbpIfn Akq{Xw
Apiw,
]miw, ]pkvXw Ch [cnphfpw appamebn
kptim`nXbpamb kckzXo tZhn Fs hmWnbn
kZm hknpamdmIs.
4. Iw_pIWvTo kpXm t{]mjvTo khm`cW
`qjnXm
almkckzXotZho Pnlzmt{K knhniyXmw
(iwJn\p Xpeyw kpcamb IWvThpw kpcamb
Npa Nppw khhn[ B`cWfmepw BIjnI
Xzhpw XnI kpJambn hncmPnpamdmIs.)
5. bm {im [mcWm ta[m hmKvtZho hn[nh`m
`m Pnlzm{KkZ\m iamZnKpWZmbn\o.
({_mhns {]nbXabmb kckzXotZhn {im
[mcW ta[m kzcq]bmWv tZhn `mcpsS Pnlzm{K
n hknpsImv iaZamZn KpWsf {]Zm\w
sNpp.
6. \hman bman\o\mYteJmwewIrX Ipfmw
`hm\ow `hkm] \nhm]W kp[m \Zow
(bmsXmcp tZhnbpsS tIi]miw N{IesImv
AewIrXamIpp, `hkm]w iannp AarX\Zn
bmIpp, As\bpff kckzXo cq]bmb `hm\nsb
Rm \akvIcnpp.
7. bm IhnXzw \ncmXw `napIvXo N
hmwXn
tkm `yss\mw ZitbmIym
`ym kvXuXn kckzXo.
kckzXow
`n{im `nbp jamkmXv
{]Xytbm`thXv
(`ntbmSpw {itbmSpw IqSn kckzXo tZhnsb
hn[n]qhw AnXn\ptijw kv XpXnp `\v
Bdpamkn\pffn tZhnbpsS Ir]bpsS{]XoXn
DmIpp)
9. XXx {]htX hmWo tkzbm
efnXmcm
KZy]ZymssIx i_vs sZc{]tassb
hnhnssXx
(AtX pSv AbmfpsS apJn \nv
A\p]ahpw A{Kabhpamb KZy]ZymI i_vZfpsS
cq]n efnXmbnc \nd hmWn kzbw ]pd
sSm XpSpp.
10. A{iptXm _p[ytX {Kx {]mbx kmckzXx
Ihnx
CtXyJw \nbw hn{]mx km tlmhmN
kckzXo
({]mtbW kckzXnbpsS `Ihn asmcm
]dptImsX Xs {Kfnse Bibw
a\nempp. {_mWmsc, C{]Imcapff \nbw
kckzXo tZhn Xs {ioapJp \nv {]ISamn
bnpv.)
11. BhnZym abm e_v[m {_vssWh
k\mX\o
{_Xzw ta kZm \nXyw knZm\ cq]Xx
({_mhn \np XsbmWv Rm k\mX\mb
{_hnZy t\SnbXv. knZm\n \nv F\nv
\nXyamb {_Xzhpw e`np.
12. {]IrXnXzw XXx krjvSw kXzm`n
KpWkmayXx
kXyam`mXn Nnmbm Z]tW
{]Xn_nw_hXv
(AXn\ptijw kXzw cPv, Xav Cu aqpKp
WfpsS kmaym {]IrXnbpsS krjvS n`hnp.
ImSnbn {]Xn_nw_sat]mse {]IrXnbn \ne
sImffp tNX\bpsS Omb Xs kXyambn {]Xn`m
knpp)

(IhnXzw, \n`bX, t`mKw, apn Chbn Bcm 13. tX\ NnXv{]Xn_nwt_\ {Xnhn[m `mXn
tWm B{Klw hinpXv Abm Cu ]pa{ km ]p\x
fm kckzXo tZhnsb A\sNbvXv kvXpXns.) {]IrXyhnXbm ]pcpjXzw ]p\ tX
N P

I (B tNX\bpsS Ombbm {]IrXn aqphn[n
{]XoIamIpp. {]IrXnbm AhnambXp ImcWw
\nv PohXzm e`nncnpp)
14. ipkXz{][m\mbmw ambmbmw
_n_ntXmlyP.
kXz {][m\m {]IrXnamtbXn {]Xn]mZytX
(ip kXz {][m\amb {]IrXn ambsbv ]db
sSpp. B ip kXz{][m\amb ambbn {]Xn
_nw_nXamb tNXm Xs B ip kXz{][m\amb
ambbn {]Xn_nw_nXamb tNX\ XsbmWv AP
({_w) Fv ]dbsSpXv. Bamb kh\mb
Cuizcs B[o\nepff D]m[nbmWv.
15. km abm kztim]m[n kh tkycky
ln
]iyambXztaIXzw khXzw
(B mb kh\mb C uizcs kzw
A[o\nepff D]m[nbmWv. ambsb hiampI,
FIambnocpI (AZznXobw) khXzw Ch
Cuizcs eWamIpp.
16. kmXznIXzmXv kajvSnXzmXv kmnXzm
KXma]n
PKXv IXpaIXpw hm Nm\yYm IXp
anitX
(kmnIw kajv S ncq]w, khtemIn\pw
kmnbmbnhnpI Chbm Cuizc PKv
krjvSnpXn\pw krjvSnm XncnpXn\pw A\yYm
sNpXn\pw ka\mIpp.)
17. bx k Cuizc CXypx khXzmZn
`nKpssWx
inZzbm ln ambmbm hnt]mhrXn
cq]Iw
(C{]Imcw khXzmZn KpWtfmSv tNv B
tNX\s Cuizcs\v ]dbpp. ambbvv cp
inIfpv hnt]hpw BhcWhpw.)
18. hnt]inenwKmZn {_mWvUmw PKXv
krtPXv
AZrKvZriytbmt`Zw _ln {_
kKtbmx.
hnt] icocw enwKicocw apX {_mWvUw
hscbpff PKns krjvSn sNpp. ambv cp
inIfpv. hnt] inbpw BhcW inbpw
19. BhrtWmXy ]cm inx km kwkmcky
ImcWw
kmnWx hrctXm `mXw enwKtZtl\
kwbpXw
N P
406
cmaXv Hcp BhcWinsImv AXv ZrjvSmhv K
Zriyw ChbpsS t`Zsbpw {_w krjvS n ChbpsS
t`Zsbpw BhcWw sNpp.
20. NnXnNvimbmkamthimXv Pohx kymZv
hyhlmcnIx
Aky PohXzmamtcm]mXv kmnWy
hy]`mktX
21. BhrXu Xp hn\jvSmbm t`Z `mtX
{]bmXn XXv
XYm kK{_Wm t`tZamhrXy
XnjvTXn
22. bm inkvXZzimZv {_ ]nXrXtXz\
`mktX
A{XmlymhrXn \mti\ hn`mXn
{_ kKtbmx
23. t`ZkvXtbm hnImcx kymXv ktK \
{_Wn XzNnXv
AkvX n `mXn {]nbw \p[w \ma tNXywi
]Iw.
24. BZy{Xbw {_cq]w PKcq]w XtXm Zzbw
At]y \macqt] tZz knZm\XXv]cx
(ImcWcq]amb {]IrXnbn tNX\ ns
OmbbpsS kamthiw kw`hnpXn\m hyhlmcnI
PKn Imcyw sNp Poh {]ISambnocpp.
AXns B PohXzw Btcm]him kmnbnepw
B`mknXambnocpp. BhcWin \jvSambno
m t`Zns kv ]jvSamb {]XoXnbpmIpp.
PohXzw AkvXanpp. bmsXmcp in krjvSnbpw
{_hpw X nepff t`Zs BhcWw sNbv X v
\nesImffpp. AXn\m hio`qXamb {_w hnImcw
{]m]nXpt]mse `mknXhpambn `hnpp. AhnsSbpw
BhcWw \jv SambnocpXn\m {_nsbpw
krjvSnbpsSbpw t`Zw kv] jvSambn sXfnbpp. CXp
c nepw k rj v S nbn a m{XamWv hnI mc ns
nXnbpffXv. {_n AXn. AkvXn (Dv) `mXn
({]XoXamIpp) {]nbamWv; cq]w, \mawCs\ Av
Awi D v . Chbn A kv X n, `mXn, {]nbw
CXpaqpw {_ns kzcq]fmWv. \mw, cq]w, Ch-
c pw PK ns k zcq] fmIpp. C u c p
\macq]fpsS kw_m XsbmWv knZm\
]c{_w PKns cq]n DZv`mknpXv.
25. kam[n khZm IpcymXv lrZtbm
hmYhm _lnx
khnIevt]m \nhnIev] x kam[nZzn
hnt[m lrZn

I (lrZbs ap \nntbm _ln`mKs
tI{oIcntm Fmtmgpw kam[nbn apgpIpI.
lrZbm\_nbmb kam[n khnIev]sapw \nhn
Iev]sapw cp hn[nemWv.
26. Zriy i_vZm\ptZtZ\ khnIev]x ]p\Zzn[m
ImamZynKm ZriymkvXXv kmntXz\
tNX\w
(khnIev] kam[n) cp hn[nemWv Hv
Zrim\phnw, atXv i_vZ m\p hnw. Nnn
DmIp Bmhv AXnhnImc ZriyamIpp.
tNX\amb Bmhv AXns kmnbmWv. Cu
hn[n [ym\nWw.
27. [ymtb ``riym\p hnt[m bw kam[nx k
hnIev]Ix
AkMvKx knZm\x kz{]t`m ssZzX
hPnXx
28. AkvanXn i_vZhntm bw kam[nx
klIev ]Ix
kzm\p`qXn ckmthkmriy i_vZmZy
t]nXpx
29. \nhnIev]x kam[nx kymnhmXnX
Zo]hXv
lrZobw _mlytZiy ]n bkvan Inw
hkv Xp\n
30. kam[ncmZyZrMvam{Xm \ma cq] ]rYrXn
kvX_v[o`mthm ckm kzmZmXv XrXobx
]qhhXx
31. GssIx kam[n`nx jUv`n\tbXv Imew
\nccw
tZlm`n[mt\ KfntX hnmtX ]camm\n
b{X b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cmarXw
32. `nZytX KrZb{KnnZyt khkwibmx
obt NmkyIamWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS ]cmhtc
N P
407
33. abn PohXzaoiXzw Iev] nXw hkvX ptXm K
\ ln
CXn bkvXp hnPm\mXn kaptm
\m{X kwibx
Hmw hmMv ta a\koXn imnx
(CXv Zriym\phn khnIev] kam[nbmIpp.
Rm AkwK\pw knZm\\pw kzbw {]Imihpw
AssZzX kzcq]hpamIpp. Cs\bpff khnIev]
kam[n i_vZm\p]nsav ]dbsSpp. Bm\p`qXn
ck ns B th i w \na n w Z ri y ns bp w
i_vZnsbpw Dt] ssIsmffp km[Is
lrZbn \nhnIev ] kma[n kw`hnpp. B
L n t bm Knb ps S nXnh mb p i q\ y am b
{]tZin sh hnfst]mse AhnNeambn
`hnpp. CXv lrZbn DmIp \nhnIev]hpw
khnIev]hpamb kam[nbmIpp. C{]Imcw _mlytZi-
nepw GsXnepw hkvXphns\ eyamn Nnw
GIm{Kambnocpp. AXn kam[n Ddbv pp.
BZys kam[n {Zjv Smhnsbpw, Zriynsbpw
hnthIm kw`hnpp; cmas kam[nbn
{]tXyI hkvXphnepw AXns \macq]sf shtsd
shtsd Iv AXns AXnjvTm\`qXamb tNX\bpsS
Nn\w \Spp. aqmas kam[nbpw GItZiw
apnestmse Xs AXn kh{X hym]Iambn
ssNX\yw ckm\p`qXn P\nXamb Bthim
kv X _v [ Xbv v hnjbambn `hnpp. C s\
BZ{]Imcnepff kam[nIfpsS km[\bn Xs
\nccw Xs kabw NnehgnWw. tZlm`nam\w
CmXmIpXn\pw ]cam\w DmIpXn\pw
CSbmbm a\v FhnsSsbms t]mbmepw AhnsS
sbms ]caamb AarXXzns A\p`hapmIpp.
lrZbns {KnI inYneambnocpp; kIe-
hpamb {_ns kmmXvmcapmIptXmsS
hnZzm\mb ]pcpjs kakv X Ifpw oW-
ambnocpp. Fn Dff PohXzhpw CuizcXzpw
Iev ] nXamWv ; hmk v X hnIa C Xv Adnbph
ap\mbnocpp AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.
EtKzZob kckzXyp]\njv Ahkm\np.
 408

I K

1 B{itam]-\n-jv 3

imn-] mTw bn-cn-p--h\pw {]mPm-]-Xy Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. As-

n Ccp-]-n-\mep hjw Kpcp-Ip-eh- m-k-a-\p-jvTn-p
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
{_m-W\pw \mev]-n-sb-p-hjw hsc C{]-Imcw A\p-
am- ` n- c y- P {Xmx nssc- c w- s sK- k v X p- phmw
jvTm-\-n hn- p--h\pw {]mPm-]-Xy-\mWv acWw
kkvX\- q-`n hytia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn
hsc Kpcp-hns\ Dt]-n-m-Xn-cn-p ss\jvTnI {_-
\ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn\ ]qjm hniz-thZmx
Nmcn _rlm F \ma-m Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx kzkvXn t\m
_rl-kv]X - nZ-[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx 2. Krlm A]n NXphn[m `hn hmm-I-
hr-b imeo-\hrtbm bmbm-h-c-tLm-c-kw-\ym-
tZh-m-sc, R sNhn- I sImv awKfw {ihn-m-
kn-Im-tXn X{X hmmI hrbx Irjn-tKm-
\n-S-h-c-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWm-\n-S-hc - -tW.
c- -hm-Wn-Py-a-Kln-X -ap-]-b p-Rv Pm\mx iX-kw-h-
kpZr-i--fmb AwK- sImpw icocw sImpw
-cmZnx {Inbm`nx bP Bm\w {]m-bt
\nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m \n-bn-n-p
imeo- \ - h r- tbm bPtm \ bmP- b tm f
Bbpv A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm-I-tW. alm-Ion-im-en-bmb
[obm\m \m[ym-]-btm ZZtXm \ {]Xn-Kr-lvWx
C{ Rv \ sNp-am-dm-I-Ww. kh\mb
iX- k w- h - - c m`nx {Inbm- ` nb- P Bm\w
]qjmhv Rv awKfw \I-tW. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-K-Xn-
{]m-b-t. tLmc-k\ - ym-knIm Dr-X-]-cn-]q-Xm-
bmb Kcp-U Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw imnx
`n-cZv`nx Imcyw Iphx {]Xn Znh-k-am-lp-tXmRvO
imnx imnx
hrn-cq-]-bp-RvPm\mx iX-kw-h--cm`nx {Inbm`nx
lcn Hmw AYm-X - -Xzmc B{iamx tjmU-i- bP Bm\w {]m-bt
t`Zm `hn X{X {_-Nm-cn-W - X- phn[m `hn
Krl-- mcpw \mep-hn- [-am-Wv- -hmm-I-hr- n,
Kmbt{Xm {_mWx {]mPm-]tXym _rl-nXn b
imeo-\-hr-n, bmbm-hm, tLmc-k\ - ym-kn-I Cs\
D]-\-b-\m-Zp[zw {Xncm-{X-a-m-c-eh
- -Wmio Kmb{Xo
Ch-cn hmm-I-hrn IrjntKm kwc-Ww apX-em-
at{ k Kmb{Xx, tbm f mN-Xzm-cnw-iXv hjmWn
bh sNbvXp A\n-n-X-amb hmWn-Pym-Zn-I sNbvXp Gsd
thZ {_ Ncyw NtcXv {]Xn-thZw ZzmZi hm bmhZv
hj- bw sNbvXp Gsd hj- bw
{Kl-Wmw hm thZky k {_mWx kzZm-c-\n-
sNbvXp Bm-hns\ D]m-kn- p- p. imeo\ hrn kzbw
cXx EXp-Im-em`n Kmao kZm ]c-Zm-ch - Po {]mPm-
bw sNp-p. Fm bw sNn-p-n-. ]Tn-
]Xyx, AYhm NXphnw-iXn hjmWn Kpcp-Ip-e-
p-p, Fm ]Tn-n- p- n-. Zm\w sImSp-pp
hmko {_mtWm Am NXzm-cnw-iXv hj-hmko
F Zm\w hmp-n-. Cs\ sNbvXv Bm-hns\
N {]m-Pm-]Xyw B {]mb-W mZv Kptcm-c-]-cn-XymKo
D]m-kn-p-p. bmb-h-c bw sNp-Ibpw sNn-p-
ss\jvTntIm _rl-nXn.
I-bpw sNp-p. ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p- -Ibpw sNp-p.
lcn Hmw B{i-a-- \mep-hn-[-am-Wv. Ahbvv ]Xn- Zm\w sImSp-p-I-bpw Zm\w tamln-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C{]-
\mdv hn`m-K--fp-ap-v. {_-Nm-cn-I \mep hn`m-K-n Imcw Abm Gsd hj- b---f- \p- jvTnv Bm-hns\
s]Spw. Kmb-{X {_m-W {]mPm-] -Xy _rl. D]m-kn-p-p. tLmc-k-\ym-kn-I Xt]m-\n-c-X- cm-bn-cpv
btm-]-hoXw [cn--Xn-\p-tijw aqp cm{Xn Dn-m Gsd- mew bm- Zn-I sNbvXpsImv D]m- kn-p- Ibpw
Blmcw Ignv Kmb{Xn P]n-p--hs\ Kmb-{X Fp {]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
]d- bp- p. \mev]-n- sbp hjw thZm- [ym- b- \mw {_-
3. hm\-{]m A]n NXphn[m `hn sshJm-
Ncyw A\p-jT v n-p-Itbm Hmtcm thZhpw ]{p hjw
\km DZpw-_cm _me-Jneym t^\]m tXn X{X
hoXw Nne-h-gnv ]Tn-p-Itbm \-Xp-s]e thZ-m\w
sshJm-\-km-A-Ir--]-Nyu-j -[n-h-\-k v]-Xn-`n{Km-a-
knn-p--Xp-hsc ba-\n-b-am-Zn-I ]c-]m-en-p-Itbm
_-ln-jvIr-Xm`nn ]cn-Nc
- Ww IrXzm ]-a-lm-b-
sNp--h {_-W-s\v ]d- b-s-Sp-p. kzZm-X-\n- c-X\pw
- { Inbmw \nh- b Bm\w {]m-
EIm-em-`n-Km-an-bp-am-bn-p--h kZm-]-c-k{v Xn-]-cmMv apJ-\m-

N P
 409

I bt DZpw _cm {]mX-cp-mb bmw Zni-a-`n-t{]- km[p-hr-tjp {_m-tW-Ip-tejp ss`m-Ncyw K

t XmZm-lr-tXm-Zpw-_c - -\o-hmc iymam-ssI- Ncx #mm\w {]m-bt lwkm GI-Z--
- -_-Zc
c- n-] -c n-N -c Ww IrXzm ]- a- l m-b - - {Inbmw [cmx inJm-hPnXm btm-]-ho-X-[m-cnWx inIy-
\nh- b Bm\w {]m-b t _me- I-a--ep-lkvXm {Kmssa-I-cm-{Xn-hm-knt\m \Ktc
Jneym PSm- [ - c m- o- c - N - h - X v e ]cn- { hXmx Xotjp ]-cm{Xw hk GI cm{X Zzncm{X
ImnIymw ]uamkymw ]pjv] -^ -e -ap- y- Ir{ Nm{.-WmZn Nc Bm\w {]m-bt
Px tijm-\u amkm hrXyp-a-]mP\w IrXzm ]c-a-lwkm \Z--[mcmx apW-A[mx Im-Iu-]o-
An-] -c n-N -cWw IrXzm ]-a-lm-b - -{Inbmw \ - h m- k tk m f hy - e nw Km \ ` - [ c m
\nh-bt Bm\w {]m-b t^\]m apBX Ahy-m-Nmcmx A\p-m D-h - -
D-Imx io-]-^-e-t`m-Pnt\m b{X Y{Y Zm-N -c--k v{Xn-Z- -I-a-ep inIy-] Pe-] -hn-
hktm An ]cn- N - c Ww IrXzm ]- a - l m- {X-] m{X ]mZp-I m-k -\ - i nJm btm-] -h o-X m\mw
b {Inbmw \nh-b Bm\w {]m- XymKn\x iq\ym-Km-c-tZ-h-Kr-l-hm-knt\m \ tXjmw
bt! [tm\m[tm \ Nm\rXw khw-klm kh-
kamx ka- t emjvT m iva Im- \mx btYm- ] -]
sshJm-\-k-m, _me-Jn-ey-m, DZpw-_-c-m, t^\-
NmXphWy ss`m- N cyw Ncx Bm\w
]-m F \mep hn`mKw hm\-{]--m- cn-ep- v. Ah-cn
tam b CXn
sshJm-\-k kzbw apf-Xpw ]Nn-m-Xpw {Kmao-W-
cm Dt]-n--s--h-bp-amb sNSn-If- n \np hr- - k\ym-kn-am, IpSo-N-c, _lq-Z-I, lwk, ]c-a-
fn \npw Inp--hsb An ]cn-N-cWw sNbvXv ]- lw-k Fv \mep-hn-[-ap-v. Ch-bn IpSo-N-c Xs
a-lm-bw sNbvXp-sImv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-p. ]p{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS Krl--fn \npw `n kzoI-cnv B-
DZpw-_-c {]`m-X-n Xs Fgp-tv FhnsS \ns- hn-Nn-\w sNp-p. _lq-Z-I {XnZ-w, Ia--ep,
nepw _Zmw, hcn- s\v Xp-Sn-bh tiJ-cnv An-tlm{Xw inIy-]-w, Pe-]m-{Xw, ]mZp-Iw, Bk-\w, inJ, btm-
sNbvXv ] alm-b--n\p tijw Bm-hns\ D]m- ]-ho- Xw, Ijmb hkv{Xw Fnh [cnpw k-cnpw B-
kn-p-p. _e-Jn-ey PSm-[n-cbpw Po-h-kv{Xw, ac- hpcn [ym-\-\n-c-X-\mbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. lwk GI-Zw
Ch-tbmsS Imn-I ]uan Znhkw ]pjv]-^e - - [cnpw inJ IqSm-sXbpw btm-]-ho-X-tm-Sp-IqSn
shSnv NmXpmkyw Hgnv Fp-am-khpw Ign-p-Iq- inIyw Ia-ep Ch FSpv {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xnbpw
Sm thXp t\Sn An ]cn-N-c-Whpw ] alm-b- hknpw Htm ctm aqtm cm{Xn Ir{-Nm-{m-b-Wm-Zn-
hpw \nh-lnv Bm-hns\ D]m-kn-p-p. I kzoI-cnpw B-hn-Nn-\ X]-c-cmbn Ignp
IqSp-p. ]c-a-lw-k Z-anmsX Xe-sam--b-Snv I-
D--s\-tmse t^\-] s]mgnp hoW Cebpw
Iu- ]o-\-[m- cn- bmbn Ahy Nn- tmsS [oc- \mbpw im-
Imbpw apw FhnsS Inp-pthm AhnsS Xma-knp
\mbpw D--\-s-nepw D--s\p tXmn-p
Aym-[ym\w sNbvXv ]-a-lm-b--a-\p-jvTnv Bm-
atmsS {XnZ-w, Ia--epw, inIy-]-w, Pew, ]hn-{Xw,
hns\ {]mnp Ign-bp-p.
]m{Xw, ]mZp-Iw, Bk-\w, inJ, btm-]-hoXw Fn-h
4. ]cn-{hm-PIx A]n-NX - p-hn[mx `hn IpSo-Nc - m, Dt]-nv Po-Kr-l-- fntem t{X- -entem Ign-bp-p.
_lq-Z-Im, lwkm, ]c-a-lw-km, tXn X{X IpSo- Ahv [m-[m-hn-Nn-tbm kXym-k- Xy-hn-th-N-\tam
Ncm kz]p-{X-Kr-tljp `nm-Ncyw Nc Bm\w C. Ah Fpw kln-m Ign-hp--hcpw kl-Zin-
{]m- b t _lq- Z - I m- k v { Xn- Z - - I - a - ep Ifpw NmXph-Wy--fn \nv Inp `n kzoI-cnv
inIy-] - - P - e - ] -h n- { X- ] m- {X]m ZpIm- k \ inJm tam-km-[\ sNp--hc - m-W.v
btm- ] - h o- X - I u- ] o- \ - I m- j m- b - t h- j - [ m- c nWx
B{i-tam-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

N P

I K
1 GIm--tcm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-hhXp. kl\u `p\-p. k_
hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZznjm hssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx.
]c-{_ Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn--
s. R cp t]cpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en-s R
cp- t]- c pw Hcp- a nv Ign- h pIt\Ss. R
At\ym\yw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s.
1. lcnx Hmw GIm-cw Xztcy{XmkvXn tkmta
kpjp-av\bmw tNl ZrVo k GIx Xzw hniz-`q
`pX- ] Xnx ]pcmWx ]P\y GtIm `ph \ky
tKm]vXm
2. hntiz \na--]-Zhox Iho\mw |
Xzw PmX-thtZm `ph-\ky \mYx |
APm-X-at{K k lncWy tcXm |
bkvXz tasshI hn`qx ]qcmWx
3. {]mWx {]kq-Xn `ph\ ky tbm\n |
hym]vXw Xzbm GI-]t- Z\ hnizw |
Xzw hniz-tbm\n ]cm kzKt` |
Ipamc GtIm hninJx kp[m
4. hnX-Xy-_mWw Xcp-Wm-hw |
thymam-tc `mkn lnc-Wy-K`x |
`mkm-Xzbm thymav\n IrXx kpXmy |
kvXzw ssh Ipam-c-kvXz-a-cn-jvS-t\anx
5. Xzw h{P`r-Zv`qX]Xn-kvXz-tah |
Imax {]Pm\mw \nltXmkntkmta |
kzmlm-kzm-[m-b hjvS-It- cmXn |
cp{Zm ]iq\mw Kpl-bm-\n-a-w.
Atbm `K-hm-s\, A-c-\mb Av tkmas cq]-
nepw kpjp-av\m-am-n IqSnbpw Cu kl-{km-c-]-
-n [ym\n-m km-am-{X-n \ne-sIm-p
Htc ]c-aX- -Xz-am-Ip-p. GIm--c-n Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
`K-hm-s\, GIm--c-amb ]c-{-a--kz-cq-] Ap-Xs
bm-Wv. {]]--Im-c-W-kz-cq-]\pw ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j\pw Ap-
X-s. Av PmX-th-Zpw `ph-\ - ns \mY-\p-am-Wv.
lnc-Wy-tc-Xpw b-kz-cq-]\ - p-am-W
- v. `ph-\I
ambn hn-p-Xv Am-Wv. A-bpsS GI- ]m-Z- n
hniz-samw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. {]]--ns \nb-m-
N P
410
3
sh-\ - n-e-bn Ipam-c-kz-cq-]\pw hnm-fnbpw Ap-Xs
A-bpsS {]Imiw sImp-Xs kqcy BIm-i-n
{]Im-inp sImn-cn-p-p. Imn-tI-b-cq-]-n-ep
tZh-ssk-\ym-[n-]\pw AcnjvS t\anbpw Am-W.v C{-
cq-]-n Av h{Pw [cn-p-p. Xp{Z-cq-]-n kI-e-
Po-hn-I- fp-sSbpw kzman-bmbn hn-p-Xv Am- W.v N{-
tem-I-n ]nXr--fpsS Ima-cq-]hpw thsd-bm-cp-a - . tZh-
m-cp-sSbpw ]nXr--fp-sSbpw Xr]vXn-p-thn b-{i-
m-Z n-I -fn sN-s -Sp kzmlbpw kz[bpw hjSv
Imchpw Ap-X-s-bm-Ip-p. Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn
hym]n-n-cn-p-Xv Am-Ip-p.
6. [mXm-hn-[mXm ]h\x kp]tm |
hnjvWp hcmtlm cP-\o-c-l |
`qXw `hn-jyXv {]`hx {Inbm |
Imex {IamkvXzw ]c-am-cw N
7. EtNm bPqwjn {]k-hn h{mXv |
kmam\n k{am-Uz-ky-c-c - ow |
Xzw b-t\Xm lpX-`pKv hn`q |
cp{Z-kvXYm ssZXy-K-Wm-hk - p
8. k Gj tZthm _c-K Nt{I |
At\ym`yXnjvtTX Xtam-\n-cp |
lnc-bx bky hn`mXn khw |
thymam-tc civan-an-aw-kp-\m`nx
9. kh-thm `ph-\ky tKm]vXm |
Xm`nx {]Pm\mw \nlnXm P\m\mw |
t{]Xm XztaXm hnNnXw {IamWmw |
{]Pm-]Xnx O-atbm hnK`
10. kmssan Ztm hnc-P - -_mlp |
lnc-bw thZ-anZmw hcnjvTw |
ba-[ztc {_-hnZx kvXphn |
kmssa-cp-p`nx-{IXp `nkvXz-tah
Av {]mW-cq-]-n [mXmhpw krjvSn-Imhp
- - sa \ne-bn tim`n-p-p. hn[m-Xmhpw ]h-\\pw Kcp-
U\pw hnjvWphpw hcm-lhpw cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw `qX-`-hn-
jy-Zz-am-\ - fpw Ap-X-s. kIe {Inb-Ifpw Ime-
- m-c-W- K-Xnbpw Ap-Xs - . BcpsS apJ-n \nmtWm
EtKzZw bPpthZw kma-thZw Fnh D-hn--Xv. B
{]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw Am-Wv. GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z-m, ssZXy-

I m, hncmSv kzcq-], kqcym-Zn-If- n Xnf-p civan-
I, A-cyman kI-eXpw Am-W.v lnc--b\pw thZ-
hn-p-If
- n hcn-jvT\pw Bb Asb thZ-hn-p-I
kvXpXn-p-p. kma-, bPp-p-I, Ep-I Ch-bm-
semw kvXpXn--s-Sp-Xpw Am-Ip-p.
11. Xzw kv{Xo ]pamwkvXzw N Ipamc GI |
kvXzw ssh Ipam-co-hyY `qkvXz-tah |
Xztah [mXm hcp-W-c - mPm |
Xzw htcm nba Gh khw.
12. an{Xx kph-{ Ct{m hcptWm |
cp{Z-kvXzjvSm hnjvWpx khnXm
tKm]-Xn-kvXzwXzw |
hnjvWp`q-Xm\n Xp {Xmkn ssZXymw |
kvXztb-hrXw PK-Zp-Zv`-h-K`
1 IT-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw kl-\ m-h -h Xp kl\u `q\p kl-
hocyw Ic-hm-ssh. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[oX akvXp, am
hnZzn-jm-hs
- sl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn--
s. Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-e n--s.
R Hcp-anv in-{]m-]n--s. R-fpsS hnZy tXP-
kzn-bm-bn-cn-s
- . R ]c-k]
v cw tZzjn-m-Xn-cn-s
- .
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
1. tZhm l ssh `K-h-a
- -{_p-h "A[oln `K-
h {_ hnZymw.
Hcp L-n tZh-m-sc-m-hcpw tNv {]Pm-]X
- n-
bmb {_m-hn-t\mSv ]dp: ""`K-hm-t\, Rv
{_-hnZy D]-tZ-inp Xcp-I.''
2. k {]Pm-]-X n-c -{_-h o-Xv '' kin-J m tIim
\njvI rjy hnkr-P yb btm-]h - oXw \njv Ir
N P
411
13. Xzw `q`p-hk
- zkvXzw lnkz-bw-`q-cY K
hniz-tXm-apJx |
b Ghw-\nXyw thZ-btX Kplm-ibw |
{]`pw ]pcmWw kh-`qXw lnc-bw
lnc-Wvabw _pn-atXmw ]cm-KXnw |
k_p-n-am _pn-a-XoXy XnjvT-Xo-Xyp-
]-\n-jv
kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, Ipam-c, Ipam-cn, `qan, [mXm-hv,
hcp- W , cmPm- h v , a- c w, A n, ba, an{X,
kph, N.-{, C{, hcp-W, cp{Z, XzjvSm-hv,
hnjvWp, khn-Xm-hv, tKm]-Xn, PK-y- jvSmhv Fmw Ap-
X-s. Av temI-sf ]men-p-p. `px, `phx, kzx
hniz-tXm-ap-J kh-`q-X kI-e-Xn\pw GIm-{ibw Cu
\ne-bn-semw hncm-Pn-p-Xpw Ap-Xs - . Asb
Adn-bp--h AhnZym P\n-X-amb {`a-_pn AkvX-anv
Poh-p--\mbn `hn-p-p-shv D]-\n-jv
GIm- -tcm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
jy ]p{Xw ZrjvSzm Xzw {_mXzw b-Irjy
]p{Xw ZrjvSzm Xzw {_mXzw bkvXzw hj-
SvI m-c-kvXz-tammckvX zw kzmlmXzw kz[m Xzw
[mXm Xzw hn[mXm Xzw {]XnjvTm koX htZ-Xv.
AY ]pt{Xm hZ-Xrlw {_mlw btmlw
hj-SvIm-tcmltamm-tcmlw kzmlmlw kz[mlw
hn[m-Xmlw XzjvSmlw {]Xn-jvTm-ka v n-Xn.
{_mhv ]dp: inJ-tbm-sSmw apWvU\w sNbvXv
]qWq Dt]-nv ]p{Xs\ t\mn "\o {_mhpw
b-hp-am-Ipp; \o Xs-bmWv hj-Svm-chpw Hmm-c-
hpw. \o Xs-bmWv kzmlmbpw kz[mbpw [mXmhpw
hn[m-Xmhpw {]Xn-jvTbpw' Fv ]d-b-Ww. AXn-s\-p-
Sv ]p{X ]d-bWw ""Rm {_mhpw bPvRhpw
hj-SvIm-chpw Hmm-chpw kz[mbpw kpJbpw [mXmhpw
hn[m-Xmhpw XzjvSmhpw {]Xn-jvTbpw BIpp Fv.
3. Xmt\y-Xm-\y\p {hP-{- ip-am-]m-X-tbXv bZ-{ip-
am- ] m- X - t bXv {]Pmw h nn- ymXv {]Z- n- W -
 412

I amhrssyX ssX-m\ th-amWmx {]Xym- sSmw apWvU \w sNp-t m ]qWp Ducn "Hmw
K
bn kkztm `h-Xn. `qkzmlm' Fp-c - nv AXv Pe-n-se-dn-b-Ww. ]ns
CjvS- ap tbmK-{Inb sNmw. As\ At\-i-\-mtem
]noSv ]cn-{hm-P-I-\mbn Krlw ssIhnv ]p{X-an-{Xm-
Pe-{]-th-i-mtem An-{]-th-i-mtem alm-{]-m-\-
Zn-I A\p-K-an-p-tm Io-scm-gp--cp-Xv. Fs-m
n-eq-sStbm PohnXw Ah-km- \n- n- -Ww. A- n GsX-
A{ip-]mXw kXn \mi-Im-c-Wa - m-Wv. ap--h k\ym-
nepw hr-k-\ym-kn-bpsS B{i-a-n Xma-kn-mw.
knsb {]Z-nWw shv Ap-anpw t\mmsX Krl-
]mtem shtam tNp k\ymkn Fp-I-gn-ptm
n-tebvv aS--Ww. C-s\-bp k\ymkn kzw
AXp Xs Abm-fpsS lh-\w. Aam-hm-ko-Zn-hkw `n-
{]m]n-p-p.
p Blm-c-n\v Zi-b-s - apw ]u-am-kn-bn
4. {_ Nmco thZ-a-[oXy thtZmm NcnX {_- Ign-p Blm-c-n\v ]u-amkn b-sapw ]d-
N-tcym-Zc- m-\m-lrXy ]p{Xm-\pXv ]mZy Xm\-\q-cq-]- bp- p. hk Imev apSnbpw XmSnbpw aoibpw
hm-Zn-`n hnX-tXymjvSzm N intXm b ssx apWvU\w sNp-Xv Abm-fpsS An-jvtSm-a-am-Ip-p.
Xky k\ymtkm Kpcp-`n-c -\p- m-X ky _m-
kw\ym-kymnw ]p\-cm-h-tb-r-Xyp Pb-
ssh tkmcWyw ]tcXy ZzmZi cm{Xw ]b-
am-hl
- a
- n-Xy-[ym-a
- -{m ]tT-Xv. kzkvXn kh-
kmn tlm{Xw Pplp-bm-Xv. ZzmZ-ic - m{Xw ]mtbm-`-
Po-th`y CXyp-tmm\a-\-\yw-[ym-b Du[z
m-kym-Xv. ZzmZ-ic - m-{X-kymt Atb sshizm-
_mlq hnap amtm `th-Xv. A\n-tI-X-t- c-
\- c mb {]Pm- ] - X tb N {]mPm- ] Xyw Ncp- s sh-
Xv. `nmio bXv Inn-m-ZymXv esshIw \[m-
jvW hw {Xn]m-e -a nw kwn-Xm\n ]qhmWn
h-tbXv Pp-c - -Wmw hhw CXn. XZhn
Zmcp ]m{Xm- W y- K \u Pplp- b m- X v. ara- bm- \ -
b]vk p Pqlp-bmXv ssXP-km\n Kpcth ZZym-Xv. tmImx `hn!
amXzw ama-]l - mb ]cmKmx \mlw Xzma-]-lmb ]cm- kw\ymkw ssIh-cn-X - n-\p-tijw Aym-[m-\-ac- p-Xv.
Km-a n- X n. Kml-] Xy Zn-W m- m-h m- l - h - \ otb B[ym-nI 480 a{- P]n-pI am{Xta sNm-hq.
jzcWn tZimZv `kva-apjvSnw ]nt_-Zn-tXy-tI. kin- kIe Pohn-Ipw awKfw `hn-s F {]m-\-
Jm tIim \niv I rjz hnkrPy btm- ] - tbm-Sp-IqSn Du[z _mlp-ambn am-n k-cn--Ww.
hoXw `pxkzm-tl-Xyp]vkp Pplp-bm-Xv. XX Du[z- Krlw shSn-bWw; `nmw sImv kwXr-]X v n-b-S-b-Ww.
a\ i\-a-]mT {]th-ivan {]thiw hocm-[zm\w Hcn-Sv Xs Ign-b-cp-Xv. hj-Im-e--fn Fhn-sS-sb-
alm-{]-m\w hrm-{iaw hm Kt-Xv. ]b-kmbw nepw Xma-kn-mw. AXns\ kw_-n-p tmI-.
{]miv\o-bmXv tkm ky kmbw tlmax. bXv{]mXx
1. IpWvUImw "Nakw' inIyw {Xnhn-jvS-]a
- p-]m-
tkmbw {]mX bti Xi-\w. bXv ]u-
\lu
amtky XXv ]u-am-kyw. bZz-kt tIi-iva-
{i p - t e m- a m- \ - J m\ n h m] - t bX v tk mk m n iotXm-]-Lm-Xn\ow Iw Iu]o-\mm Z\w XYm
\njvtSmax 2. ]hn{Xw kv\m\-imSnw N Dcm kmK-tah N |
{_-Nc - y-a-\p-jvTnv thZm-[y-b\w sNbvXv buh-\- btm-]h - oXw thZmw khw XZv
n hnhm-ln-X-\mbn ]p{X-m-cp-m-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ahsc hP-tb-ZyXnx
]Tn-nv kptbm-Ky-cmn bYm-in bm-Zn-I- 3. kv\m\w ]m\w XYm iuN-aZv`nx
A\p-jvTn--Ww. ]ns Krl-n-ephtcmSpw Kpcp-P\ - - ]qXm-`n-cm-N-tcXv |
- tfmSpw A\p- hmZw hmn k\ymkw kzoI- cn-mw. k\ym- \Zo-]p-fn\ imbokym thm Kmtcjq hm kzt]Xv
kn-bm-bm ]{p cm{Xn h\-n oc-l -h\w 4. \mXyw kpJ-ZpxJm`yw ico-c-ap]
sNbvXv ocm-lmcw am{Xw Ign--Ww. ]{p cm{Xn Xm]-tbXv |
Ign-m hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw {]Pm-]-Xn-sbbpw kw_-n-
kvXpb-amt\m \ XpjytX \nntXm \
p Ncp-hns\ sshizm-\-cm- npw {]Pm-]-Xnpw
it]-Xv]-cm
thn lh\w sN- Ww Cu Ncp aqp aI- - IsImv
Xm-dm-mw. ]ns ac-m-{X- An-bn tlmanv 5. {_-Nt - cyW kwXn-jvtT-Z{- ]-am-tZ\ akvIco |
a]m-{X- Pe-n Fdn-b-Ww. kz-m-{X-fpw Zi\w kv]i\w tIfnx Io\m
apw Kpcp-hn\v Zm\w sNbvXv ]d-bWw: ""Av Fs Kply-`m-jWw
Dt]-nv Zqsc-sbpw t]mI-cp-X.v Rm\pw Asb hnv 6. kevt]m [yhkm-b {Inbm \nhrn
t]mIn-. imkv{X-hn-[n-b-\p-k-cn-p I- A\p- tch N |
jvTn tijw Kml-]X - ym-lh
- \
- ob Zn-Wm--nI-fn
GsX-ss-Yp-\-a-jvSmwKw {]h-Zn a\o-jWm
\npw Hcp ]nSn `kvaw FSpv `n-W
- w. inJ-tbm-
N P
 413

I 7. hn]-coXw {_cy a\p-jvtTbw apapp `n; b- n\pw X\npw t`Z-an-s _pn-tbmsS Am-\- K
KXv `mkIw `m\w \nXyw `mXn kzXx pc-Xv. n\pw ambbvpw kmn-`q-X-amb {_s Adn-bp
m\n {_-ambn `hn-p-p.
Ia-WvU-epw, Na-k-sa b-]m{Xw inIyw {X]n-
Zmw, sNcp-v, I (tIm-WI - - n\p aosX [cn-p 13. {_-`q-Xm-\ - k
- vX-kvam-tZX kvamn
hkv{Xw) kv\m\ tijw [cn-m-\p hkv{Xw Ipim-k- an{in-XmXv |
\w, btm-] -h oXw Fn-h bpw thZm-[ y-b \ hpw A]-o-IrX BImi kw`p-tXm-cp
k\ymkn ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. kv\m\ ]m\-iu-Nm-Zn-I ip- k-h-Xv.
Pew sImm-bn-cn--Ww. \Zo-XS- --fntem tZhm-e-b-- 14. BImi hmbp kwkvXp kv]tim]o
fntem Xma-kn--Ww. A[nIw hn{iaw Acp-Xv. {]iw-kn- Ir-Xx-]p\x |
p-tm ktm-jtam \nn-p-tm tIm]tam ]mSn- hmtbm-c- n-kvXYm Nmt-cm-]] AZvt`ym
. Bscbpw Ak`yw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Be-kyw hnv {_- hkp-cm
Ncyw ]men--Ww. kv{XoIsf ImWp-I, Ahsc kv]in-
15. Xm\n-`q-Xm\n kqvamWn ]o-IrtXy
p-I, kwkm-cn-p-I, tKm]y-Im-cy- Nnn-p-I, {IoUn-
izc kvXZm |
p-I, Imtam-o-]I k-e] v --fn s]Sp-I. kam-K-a-n\v
{ian-p- I, kam-K-a-n- tes-SpI Cs\ ssaYp\w Fp- tX`y Gh hnkrjvSw XXv {_m-WvUmZn
hn-[s
- av ]WvUn-X-m ]d-bp-p. apap-p--fmb k\ym- inth\ l
kn-am ssaYp-\m-Zn-I shSnv ]cn-]q-amb {_- 16. {_m-WvU-tky-Ztc tZhm Zm\-hhmx
Ncyw ssIsm--Ww. b Incmx |
8. k Gh PKXx kmo khmm hnaem a\pjymx ]ip-]-ym-Zym-kvX - Xv
IrXnx | Im-\ p-km-c Xx
17. An-kv\mbv hmZn-cp-t]mbw icocw
{]XnjvTm kh `qXm\mw {]m-\-L\
`mXntZ ln\mw |
eWx
tbmba-atbm lymm `mXn kh-ic - o-cnWx
9. \IWm \ {]Pbm \ Nmt\y\ ]n
tI\ NnXv | hf-p-In-S-p Ib-dp-Im-Wp-tm k-sa
{_-th-Z-\-am-t{XW {_m]vt\m tXyh am\hx {`aw Dm-Ip--Xp-t]m-se- bmWv {_-cq-]amb Cu Bm-
hn\npw i_vZ-X-m{X Dm-bn-p--Xv. ]ns hmbp-cq-
10. XZzn-Zym-hn-jbw {_ kXy-\
]-n-ep A]-o-I r-Xa - mb Xm{X BIm-i -n
kpJm-Zzbw |
\np-ap-m-bn, ]c-am-mhv kqva XXz-sf ]oI-
kwkmtc N Kplm-hmtNy ambu-m-\m`n cnv Ah aptJ\ {_m-WvUs krjvSn-p. {_m-
kwtX WvU-n Im-\p-k-cWw ssZXy-m, tZh-m, b-
11. \nlnXw {_ tbm thZ ]cta thymav\n m, In-c-m, a\p-jy, ]n-ar-Km-ZnI Fo hn`n
kwtX | h--fp-m-bn. amwkm- n- \nnX-amb ico-chpw Im-
tkm iv\ptX kI-em Imamk {ItassW \p-k-cW- w. Xs-bmWv krjvSn-s - -n-cn-p-X
- v. Fm
h {ZntPm-a ico-cn-I-fp-sSbpw A-ab- -amb Cu qe-tZlw {]Xy--
am-bn-m-W-s-Sp-p--tm. AXn \nv `n-ambn {]mW-
12. {]Xy-Km-\m am\ ambm it
a-bm-mhv Fv Hp-Iq-Sn-bp-sv a\-n-em--Ww.
kmnWw |
GIw {_m-la - -kvaoXn {_ssh `hXn kzbw. 18. XXx-{]m-W-atbm lymm hn`n--m--c
-nXx |
kzbw {]Im-i hpw \nXy- {]-I m- i - k z- cq-] -h p- a mb
XtXm hnm\ BmXp XtXm\y
Bmhp Xs-bmWv hnizs {]Im-in-n-p--X.v AXp-
mcx kzXx |
Xs kz-k z-cq]n hniz-k m- nbpw khm- m-hpw.
{]m-\-L- \-kz-cq]w Iw sImtm km[\ sImtm
19. B\--ab BmXp XtXm-\y-m--cx-nXx
a\p-jy\v {_s {]m]n-m km[y-a-. {_w AZzn- tbmba-abx tkmbw ]qx-{]m-W-a-tb\ Xp
Xo-bhpw kXy-m-\m-\ kzcq-]h - p-am-Wv. B {_w 20. at\m atb\ {]mtWm]n XYm ]qx
]ca thyma-sap t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb Xs \nXy-[m-a-n kz`m-hXx |
hncm- P n- p- p. m\w- s Imt AXns\ Adn- b q. XYm at\m-atbm lymm ]qtm \
AXns\ Adnbp--hs khm-`n-em-j-fpw km[n-p- abu Xp
p. "Rm GI-amb {_- amWv' F `mh- \-tbmsS {_-
N P
 414

I 21. B\-t\ kZm ]qx kZm-m-\a- bx 28. bZm tlysshj GX-kvan--ev] - cw \cx | K
kpJw | hnPm-\mXn XZm Xky `bw kym m{X kwibx
XYm-\--ab m]]n {_tWm t\y\ 29. Assky-hm-\ tImti\ kvXw _mt
kmnWx hnjvW p-]qhIm |
Bmhv Cu B\- -a -bm-m-h n hkn- p- p. `hn kpJnt\m \nXyw Xmc-Xay {ItaW Xp
hnm-\m--Ia - mb Bm-hn-\p-nepw kqvam-Xn-k q- 30. XXv ]Z-hn-c-ky t{imXn-b-ky
va-amb Hcp B\-a - -bm-m-hp-v. {]mW-a-b-amb Bm- {]km-Zn\x |
hn-\m B\--a-b-amb Bmhv ]cn-]q-am-Wv. at\m-a-
kzcq-]`- qX B\ kzbw `mXn ]tc bYm
bm-mhv hnm-\-a-bm-m-hn-s\-q-SmsX ]q-am-I-bn
B\--ab- -amb B Bm-hn \npw `n-ambn asm-cm- 31. \nanw Inn-Zm-{inXy Jep i_vZ-
mhp IqSn-bp-v. AXv khhym]nbpw khm--cym-anbpw {]-hsX |
]cn-]q-hp-amb {_-am-Ip-p. CXp-Xs B\--a-bm- btXm hmtNm \nht \nanw \ma-`m-hXx
m-hns\ ]q-am-p-X - v. 32. \nhn-tij ]cm-\t IYw i_vZ
22. khm--tcW ]q {_ \mt\y\ {]htX |
tI\-NnXv | Xkvam-tZ-X - \x kqvaw hym]rXw
bZnZw {_-]p-mJyw kXy m\m-Zz-bm-Iw kh tKmNcw
23. kmc-tah ckw e_vt[m kmm-tlo {_-n \nv Aev]-sa-nepw AI-se-bm-sWv
k\m-X\w | Icp-Xp-n-S-tmfw Imew a\p-jy\v \n`-b-\m-bn-cn-m
kpJo `hXn kh{X A\yYm kpJXm IpXx km[y-a-. sNdnb ]psImSn apX hnjvWp-]-cy--ap
kI-ecpw Cu B-tIm-i - n \npw \nXym-\--a-\p-`-
24. Ak-Xy-kvan ]mc-\t kzm-`qtX
hn- p- p. sFlnI ]mc-{XnI kpJ--f n hncn
Jnem\mw |
tXmnb {]k--Nn--X-\mb t{im{Xn-b kzcq-]-`q-X-amb
tIm PohXn \tcm Pp tImhm \nXyw Cu B\w {]m]n-pp! i_vZw Dm-Ip-Xv GsX-
hntN-jvStX nepw \nan-s B{i-bn-m-Wv. Fm ]-XX - z-
25. XkvamXv khm-\m Nnt `mk-amt\m n \nan-` - mhw D-Xn-\m hmv AhnsS t]mbn
lyku-\cx | aSn hcp kh-hn-j-b-iq-\y-amb ]c-am-\ kzcq-]X - -
B\--bXn ZpxJmVyw Pohm-m\w kZm P\x Xz-n i_vZw Fs\ \nm-\mWv? a\v kqva
hpw hym]r-Xhpw kh-tKm-Nc - -hp-am-Ip-p.
26. bZm-tly-sshj GX-kvan--Zriy
XymZn-e-tW | 33. bkvamXv t{im{X-Xz-K-ymZn JmZn It-{n-
\nt`Zw ]cam ssZzXw hntX N alm-b-Xnx bmWn N hymhr-m\n ]cw {]m]vXpw \ kam
\n Xm\n Xp
27. XtZhm _b-a-Xy IeymWw ]c-am-arXw |
34. XZv {_m-\ - a Zzzw \nKpWw kXy-Nn-ZvL\w
k{Zq]w ]caw {_ {Xn]-cn-t-Zh - nXw
hnZn-Xzm-km cqt]W \ _nt`Xn IpX-\
]t B {_s ]q-amn \mcp-an-. {_w 35. Ghw bkvXp hnPm-\mXn kzKp-cc - q] t`iXx
kzbw ]q-am-W.v Cu {_w Xs-bmWv kXy-m-\-
k km[zkm[p Im`ymw kZm \ X]Xn {]`p.
kz-cq-]hpw khm-{i-b-`q-Xhpw kh-km-chpw ck-a-bhpw
BW-Xv. Cu \qX-XXw {]m]nv tZln kI-e-hn-[-nepw AXn-\m Cu a\v kqva-ko-anX in-tbmsS
kpJn-bmbn Ign-bp-p. ChnsS am{Xta kpJ-ap-q. CXv kh{X k-cn-p-p. ImXv, Iv, sXmen XpS-nb
kh-Po-h n-I -fp-s Sbpw Bm-hm-W v. {_w IqSmsX C{n-b-fpw i_vZm-kv]iw hmv apX-em-bhpw ]cn-
Bpw Pohn-m km[y-a-. AXv kI-e-cp-sSbpw Nn- anXin-tbmSp IqSn-b-hb - m-Wv. AXn-\m A]-cX
- Xz
n khm-c - ym-an-bmbn IpSn-sIm-p-p. B ]c-a]
- p- {]m]vXnv Ak-a--fm-W.v Zzzm-Xo-X\pw \nKp-W\pw
cp-j Xs ZpxJmv B\w \Ip-p. B ]c- kXy-kz-cq-]\
- p-amb B {_-s-s Xs kzcq-]-
a-X-Xz-n\npw t`Z-c-ln-X-amb ]c-{_m ssZzXw {]m]n- sap `mhn-p km[-Ikh{X `b-c-ln-X- \m-W.v PntX-
p m\n alm-tbm-Kn-bmbn Xocp-p. tZi-Im-em-Xo- {n-b-\mbn Kpcp-]t- Z-i-a-\p-k-cnv {]hnv B-km-
Xhpw A]n-c-n-hpw kz-cq-]-hp-amb ]c-{_w Xs- m-Xvmcw t\Sn {_-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-\--a-dn-bpp
bmWv A`-bhpw ]c-a{- _-m-hrX kzcq-]hpw awKf kzcq- hyn D-am-\sWnepw As-nepw kzI--fm
]-\ pw. Hcn-epw ZpxJ-n-\-Sn-s]-Sp-n-.

N P
 415

I 36.-Xm-]y-Xm-]I- c- q-t]W hnZm-X-a-Jnew PKXv kzbw-ar-Xzm-kzbw `qXzmky tahm-hi

- n-jy-tX. K
{]Xy-Km-X - bm `mXn m\mZv thZm CXyp-] -\n-j- v.
hmIy-PmXv
hnjbw Xm]-Is - apw Nnw Xm]y-sapw Icp-X-
37. ip-ao-izc ssNX\yw Poh-ssN-X\y tah N | s-Sp- p. Nn-h n-j-b - aptJ-\ -b mWv kq
{]amXm N {]amWw N {]tabw N ^ew XYm temIhpw ]cn-e-n-X-am-Ip--X.v CXv {]Xym-Km-m-hns
38. CXn k]vXh - n[w t{]mw `nZytX cq]-n-sev thZm-n-I ]d-bp-p. Xz- Ggp-hn-
hyh-lm-cXx | [-n-emWv ipw, Cuizc ssNX-\yw, Poh-ssN-X\ - yw,
{]am-Xm, {]am-Ww, {]ta-bw, ^ew Ch-bmWv Ggp XXz-
amtbm]m[nhn \nap-w ipn-aXy `oXn-b-tX.
. hyh-lm-c-_pym Chbvv t`Z-ap-v. {_ ip
39. ambm-kw-_ Xttim Pothm hnZym ssNX-\yhpw amtbm-]m[n hn\np--hp-am-Wv. ambm-a-
hi-kvXYm b-\m-b-Xp-sImv AXv Cuiz-c\pw Ahn-Zybvv hio-`q-X-
Ax-Ic - -W-kw-_ - mXv {]am-W-anXn IYy-tX. \m-b-Xp-sImv Poh-\p-am-W.v Ax-I-cW kw_--m
40. XYm XZv hrn kw_-mXv {]am-W-anXn AXv mXm-hm-W,v AXp-sIm-p-Xs {]am-Xm-hp-am-Wv.
IYytX Am-Xa - -]n, ssNX\yw {]ta-b-anXn Ahr-n-bn AXpw {]am-Ws - apw ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
bYytX Am-X-am-bn-cn-p--Im-e-tmfw {]ta-b-ap-v. ssNX-
\ym-m-X-am-Ip-tm AXns\ ^e-sav ]d-bp-p.
41. XYm-mXw N ssNX\yw ^e-anXy `o
bYm m\n kthm-]m[n hn\nap--\m-Wv. Cu
[obtX |
m\w Cs\ XXz-]-ca - m-bn--dn-bp-h
- {_Xzw
kthm-]m[n hn\napw kzmm\w {]m]n-m Al-\m-Ip-p. Npcp--n Rm kh-
`mh-tbXv kp[ox th-Zm-- -fp-sSbpw kmcw ]d-p. I-a-\p-k-cn-mWv
42. Ghw tbm thZ XtXz\ {_ `qbmb Pohn-I P\n-p-Xpw acn-p-X - pw. CsXmw Bm-
Iev]tX | hns eoe-bm-Ip-p. Fs-m Bm-h-msX asmcp
kh-th-Zm-k - n-m kmcw hNvan XXz-an Fv D]-\n-j - p-I hy-am-p-p.
bYmXx | IT-cp-t{Zm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 Ien-k--c-tWm-]-\n-jv 3
imn]mTw s \psS hntZzjw ]pem\nSbmImXncns. Hmw
Hmw kl \mhXp kl \u imnx imnx imnx
`p\p kl hocyw Ichmhssl tXP 1. lcn Hmw Zzm]cmt \mctZm
kzn\mh[oXakvXp am hnZznjmhssl {_Ww PKmaIYw `Khm tKmw
Hmw imnx imnx imnx ]cyS Ienw ktcbanXn. ktlmhmN
{_m km[p ]rjvtSmkvam kh{ipXn
Kpcp injymcmb \ cpt]tcbpw ]c{_w
clkyw
kwcns. AXv \sf cpt]scbpw ]cn]men
s. \ cpt]cpw Hcpanv IgnhpI Bn tKm]yw XrWp tb\ Ienkwkmcw

N P

I Xcnjykn `KhXx BZn]pcpjky \m
cmbWky \mtammcWamt{XW \n
[qX Ien `hXn \mcZx ]p\x {]]
Xma InanXn k tlmhmN
lncWy K`x""ltc cma ltc
cma cma cma ltc ltc ltc IrjvW
ltc IrjvWm IrjvW IrjvW ltc ltc''
Zzm]cbpKmhkm\n Hcp Znhkw \mcZaljn
{_mhns\ kao]nv Cs\ tNmZnp: ""`Khm,
`qtemIn kcnptm F\nv Fs\bmWv
Ien_m[bn \nv tamN\w t\Sphm km[npXv?''
{]k Nn\mbn {_mhv Cs\ ]dp:-""hm,
\o tNmZn tNmZyw F\nv hfsc {]nbsXmWv. kh
thZa{fptSbpw \nKqVamb clkyw \n\v Rm
D]tZinp Xcmw. IenImense tZmjw ]cnlcnp
Xn\v GIamw `Khm BZn\mcmbWs ]cnip\m
tammcWamWv.'' B \maw FmsWv \mcZ tNmZn
tm {_mhv Cs\ ]dp:
ltc cma ltc cma cma cma ltc ltc
ltc IrjvW ltc IrjvW IrjvW IrjvW
ltc ltc
2. CXn tjmUiIw \mav\mw Ien
Ieva j \mi\w \mXx ]cXtcm]mbx
khthtZjp ZriytX
apIfn sImSp ]Xnmdp\mafpw IenIme
s ]m]w \innpp. CXnepw saamb amw
thZimkv{XmZnIfn t]mepw ImWsSpn.
3. CXn tjmUiIemhrXky Pohkym
hcW hn\mi\w XXx {]ImitX ]cw
{_ taLm]mtb chncivan aeothXn
]p\ \mcZx {]] `Kh tImky
hn[ncnXn khm ipNncipNnhm
1 Imem-n-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv 3
Hmw kl\mhhXp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw IhmhssltXPkzn\mh[oXakvX p am
hnZznjmhssl Hmw imnx imnx Hmw ]{_w
N P
416
]w {_mW ktemIXmw kao]Xmw K
kcq]Xmw kmbqPyXmtaXn bZmky
tjmUioIky km{XntImSn
P]Xn XZm {_lXymw XcXn
XcXn hoclXymw kzkvtX
bmXv ]qtXm `hXn ]nXrtZha
\pjymWma]IcmXv\yptXm `hXn
kh[ ]cnXymK]m]mXv. kZy
ipNnXmam]v\pbmXv I ktZym apNytX
ktZym apNytX CXyp]\njXv
lcn Hmw XXv kXv
tjmUiIem kamb Pohs Bhcw Cu
\mans klmbm hntZnsSpp. taL
fn \nI kqcy A[nIw {]ImitmsS {]tim
`npXp t]mse ]c{_ns bYm kzcq]w
AtmgmWv kv]jvSambn sXfnbpXv. ]ns \mcZ
CXns \macq]hn[nsbmsWp tNmZntm
{_mhv adp]Sn ]dp:-""CXn\v hntijnv hn[nsbm
pan. ]cniptam A]cniptam Bb GXh
bnepw Cu \maw P]nmhpXmWv. Cu \ma cq]
ssh`hm kmtemIyw (Cuizcs temIv IqsS
]mpI.) kman]yw (Cuizcs kao]ncnpI.)
kmcq]yw (Cuizcs k zcq]w t]mse BIpI.)
kmbqPyw (Cuizc\pambn tNv ebnI.) Cu \mep
hn[nepff apnbpw ssIhcpp. Cu \ma a{w
aqctmSn P]nm km[I {_lXym]m]n
\npw \nhr\mIpw; hoclXym ]m]hpw \inpw.
kz tamW]m]hpw \inpw. a\pjy, tZhm,
]nXr, ChcpsS t\v sNbvXnpff A]Imcns
]m]n \npw DS tamN\w Inpp. kh[]
cnXymK ]m]n\pw AXnthKw ia\w Inpw Fv D]\n
jv.''
IenkctWm]\njv kam]np
Kpcp injymcmb R cpt]scbpw cn
tW. R cmsfbpw ]cn]mentW. R
Hcpanv IgnhpI {]Zinnm\nShctW. RfpsS

I A[yb\wtXtPmabamItW. R At\ym\w Ieln
m CShcmXncntW.
1. AY Imemncpt{Zm]\njXv kwhtIm
f n Ejn\pjvS pv Ox {ioImemn cpt{Zm
tZhXm {io Imemn cp{Z {]oXyt Pt]
hn\ntbmKx
2. AY Imemncp{Zw `Khw k\XvI pamcx
]{] AYmln `Kh {Xn]pWv{V hn[nw kXXzw
Inw {Zhyw InbXv m\w IXn{[amtWm Im
tcJmtI a{m Im inx Inw ssZhXw IxIm
Inw ^e anXn N
3. Xw tlmhmN `Khm Imemncp{Zx bZv {Zhyw
XZmtbw `kv a ktZymPmXmZn ] {_
ass{x ]cnKrlymncnXn `kva hmbpcnXn `kva
JanXn `kva PeanXn `kva CXyt\\m`na{y
am\kvtXmtI X\b CXn karrXy am t\m
almkvtXmtI X\b CXn karrXy am t\m
almanXn PteK kwkPy {XnWmbpj Pa
Z nc nX n i nt c me e mS h x k vI t j p
{Xnbmbpssj kssXyw_ssI kv { Xnin`n
kvXncyIv Xn{kmx tcJm {]IphoX {hXtaXXv
iw`th kthjp thZhmZn`ncpw XkvamXv kam
Ntcpappx \ ]p\`amb
Hcn k\XvIpamc `Khm Imemncp{Zt\mSv
tNmZnp. "`Khms\, {Xn]p{[mcWns hn[nXXz-
]qhIw F\nv ]dp a\nemn XcpI. AsXm-
Wv? AXns m\ GsXsbmWv? AXns
Afshv?F{X tcJI thWw? GXv a{w D]tbmK-
sSpWw? AXns insbv ? tZhX BcmWv?
Imhmcv, AXns ^esav ? AXp tIv Imemn
cp{Z ]dp {Xn]p{ns {Zhyw Antlm{X-
nse `kvaw XsbmWv. B `kvaw "ktZym PXm`nx
XpSnb Ap a{ sNmn ssIsmffWw.
AncnXn `kv a m, hmbpcnXn `kva , PeanXn`kva ,
eanXn `k v a , thytaXn`kv a Cu a{ m
A`na{nXamWw. "am\kvtXmI F a{w sImv
hncenseSppI " am tKm alm F a{w sImv
shffsaSpv " {Xnbmbpj F a{m incv, eemSw,
hv, kvIw, ChnSfn "{Xbmbpj "{Xyw_I
a{ sNmn aqp tcJI tNv sXmSWw. CXns\
imw`h{hXw FmWv ]dbpI. CXns\n kIeth
Zhmfpw FSpp]dnpv. ]p\Pw B{Kln
m tamNvip CXv [cnt XmWv.
4. AY k\XvIpamcx {]amWaky ]{]
{Xn]p{ [mcWky
5. {Xn[m tcJm BeemSmXv Nptjm
cm{`pthm[yX
N P
417
6. bmky {]Yam tcJm km Kml]XyImtcm K
APx kzmm {Inbm inx EtKzZx {]mXx
kh\w atlizcotZhtXXn
7. bmky ZznXobm tcJm ZnWmcpImc
kXyw acmm Cmin bPpthtZm am[y
anZw kh\w kZminthm tZhtXXn
8. bmkym XrXobmtcJm kmlh\otbm aImcx
kvXa ]camm m\ in kmathZkvXr
Xob khu almtZthm tZhtXXn
9. {Xn]p{hn[n `kva\m ItcmXn tbm hnZzm
{_Nmcn Krlo hm\{]tm bXnhm kalm
]mXtIm`hmXtI`yx ]qtXm `hXn kthjp
Xotjp kv \ mtXm `hXn khm thZm\
[otXm `hXn khm tZhm mtXm `hXn
k kXXw kIe cp{Z a{Pm]n `hXn k kIe
t`mKm `pMvt tZlw Xyzm inh kmbpPy
taXn \ k ]p\cmhtX k \ ]p\cmhtX
l kvXml `Khm Imemn cp{Zx
10. bkvtXzXZzm f ZzmA[otX tkm At\y
Ghtah `ntXymw kXy anXyp]\njv
C{Xbpw tIv k\XvIpamc tNmZnp {Xn]p{X
n aqp tcJI CSpXn\pff ImcWsamWv?
Dcw CXmbncpp aqp tcJIfn BZytXv
Kml]Xymn cq]hpw ctPmKpWIcp]hpw `qtemI
cq]hpw kzmIcq]hpw {Inbmin EtKzZw {]mXkvX
h\wChbpsSbpw atlizcsbpw cq]nepffXmIpp.
cmas tcJ ZnWmn cq]w, DImccq]w, kzXzcq]w,
Acocq]w, Cmincq]w,bPp thZcq]w am[yw
Zn\ kh\ cq]w kZminhcq]w Ch tNXmWv.
aqmas tcJ Blh\ob cq]w, aImc cq]w, Xtam
cq]w, ZyutemI cq]w, ]amcq]w , m\in cq]w,
kmathZ cq]w CsXmw tNXmWv IqSmsX XrXob
kh\sbpw almtZhs\bpw {]Xn\n[oIcnpp.
Cs\ {_Nmcntbm Krlt\m hm\{]t\m
hm\{]t\m k\ymkntbm BIs hn[n]qhw
{Xn]p{w [cnp ]w Abm alm]m]fn
\npw D]]mXIfn \npw ap\mbnocpp.
kIe Xofnepw kv\m\w sNbvX ^ew Inpp.
kIe tZhXIfpsSbpw PmRmXmhmIpp. kIe
kpJfpw A\p`hnv Abm inhtemInsepp.
]ns Abmv ]p\cmhrnbn. Cs\ `Khm
Iemncp{Z ]dp. CXv ]Tnph\pw AtX
\nebnsepp Fv D]\njv hyampp.
Imemn cpt{Zm]\njv kam]np.
 418

I K
1 Ipn-tIm-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw t]mIm Kpcp-hn \nv A\p-hmZw Inn-bh - -\p-amb
injys\ B{ian Fv ]d-bp-p. X\n-n-W-nb I\y-
Hmw B]y-bp aaw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-p:
Isb hnhmlw Ignv bYm-in Aym-[m\w sNbvXv
t{im{XatYm _e an{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_-b--n apgp-In-bn-cn-p-I Krl-s IS-a-bm-
{_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ip-cymw. am am
Wv. ]ns ]p{X- mv [\w hn`-Pnp sImSpv \mp-Im-
{_ \ncm-I-c-W -a-kvXz-\n-c m-I-cWw ta AkvXp.
cy-fpw Ahsc G]nv h\-n t]mIpI. AhnsS
XZm\n \nctX b D]-\ n-jXv kp [mkvtX
]cn-ip--m-\-n k-cn--Ww. hmbp `-I-\mtbm
abn-kp Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Ing-pw, Imbpw Xntm icocw kwc-n--Ww. F{X
Hmw Fs AwK- ]pnsb {]m]n--tW. hmv, {]bmk-ap-m-bmepw Io s]mgn--cp-Xv. C{X- bp-am-b-Xp-
{]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw C{n-b-fpw ]pn sIm- p-am{Xw Hcm kw\ym-kn-bm-In- . BZyw kqNn-n-Xv
{]m]n-tW. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--am-b{- _-a
- m-Wv. Rm kmam\y \nb-a-am-W.v k\ymkw AXnepw D]-cn-bmb Hm-
AXns\ \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_w Fs ssIsh-Sn- Ip-p.
bm-Xn-cn--tW. F\np {_-n\pw Xn At`Zy 6. XkvamXv ^e-hn-ip-mwKo |
_w Dm-Ip-am-dm-I-tW. {_-\n-c-X-\mb Fn D]-
kw\ymkw kwln-Xm-\mw |
\n-j-Zp---fmb [- \ne-sIm-tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx An hw hn\n-jv{Iay |
1. lcn Hmw {_-N-cym-{ita otW | hm\-{]w {]]-ZytX ||
Kpcp ip{iq-jtW cXx | 7. temI-hXv `mcybm f ktm |
thZm-\-[ o-Xym-\p-mX | h\w KXn kwbXx |
DNytX Kpcp-Wm-{iao || kwXrzm kwkrXn kpJ-
2. Zmc-am-lrXy kZri | ap\p-Xn-jvTXn Inw ap[m |
an-am-[mb inXx | 8. Inwhm ZpxJa-\p-kvar-Xym
{_o-annw bPmm | t`mKmw-kvXy-P-Xn-tNm-N-{hn-Xm |
kma-tlm-cm-t{XW \nh-t]Xv || K`-hm-k-`-bmZv `oXx iotXm-jvWm`yw XssY hN
3. kwhn-`Py kpXm-\t | 9. Kplyw {]th-jv-an-man ]cw ]Z-a-\m-abw |
{Kmay-Im-am hnkrPy N | CXnx kw\y-kym-{Kn-a-]p-\-cm-h\w b arXyp-
P-b-am-h-lm-ao-Xn. |
k-c h\ amtW |
ipNu tZti ]cn-{`-a || Am-cy-n\v ^em-t] IqSmsX k\ym-kb - p--
\mbn An-sbbpw h-sbpw XyPnv hm\-{]-m-
4. hmbp `tmw f _p`tm hm |
{iaw kzoI-cn--Ww. km[m-c-W-m-sc-tmse kv{XokpJw
hnlnssXx Ip-aq-essIx | temI-kpJw Fnh shSnv Imn sNp sNp
kzi-cotc kam-]ymY | A\p-jvTm- \--fm ^e-an As- n K`-in-tXm-jvW-t-
]rYnhymw \m{i-]m-Z-tbXv || im-Zn-I `bv Imn Ign-bp- -X nepw A-an- .
5. kl tXss\h ]pcpjx | bYm hm\-{]-\pw kw\ym-knbpw Krlw shSn-bp-
Xv ]c-a-]-Z-{]m-]X
v n-m-W.v ]p\P-mZn ZpxJn \nv
IYw kp\ykvX DNytX |
hnSp-X Inm m\n arXyp-RvP-b-amb ]c-{_-s
k \ma-t[tbm bkvanwkvXp | B{i-bn-p-p.
IYw kw\ykvX DNytX ||
10. AYm-[ym- -a-{m Pt]Xv Zom-ap-t]-b mXv
thZ- ]Tnv {_-Nc - ym-{iaw Ah-km-\n-n--Xn-\p- Imjm-b-hmkmx Itm-]--tem-am\n hP-tbXv
tijw Kpcp-ip-{iqjm \nc-X-\m-bn-hn- p--h\pw hnp Du[z-_m-lphn-ap amltm `hXn

N P
 419

I 11. A\n- tI- X - -t cZv `nm- i m- i o- \ n- Z n- [ ym- k \w 19. \ ta tZtl\ kw_tm | K

Z[ym-X v. ]hn{Xw [mc-tb--p-k w-c- -W mw
XZ]n tmImx `h-n.
A[ym a{- P]np Imjmb hkv{Xw [cnpw
Zo kzoI-cn-t--Xp-v. Iw D]w Fn-h-bnse
tcma--sfm-gnsI _mn tcma- hSnp If-b-Ww.
Du[z-_m-lp- hmbn tkzm-\p-k-cWw k-cn-p-I. Krlw
hnv `nmw sImv ]pe-c-Ww. \nZn-[ym-k\w thWw.
Pp--fn \nv kwc--W-n\v ]hn{Xw [cn--Ww.
AXns\ kw_-n-p tmI-.
12. IpnImw Nakw inIyw |
{Xnhn--]-ap-]m-\lu |
iotXm-]-Lm-Xn\ow Imw |
Iu]o-\m-m-Z\w XYm ||
13. ]hn-{Xw kv\m\-imSnw N D-cm-km-Kta hN |
AtXm-Xn-cnw bXv InnXv |
khw XZzmP-tb-ZyXnx ||
Ia--ep, ]m{Xw, {Xnhn--]w, sNcn-,v XWpv XS-bm- ico-cs _m[n- p Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXn XpS- nb
\p-X-Ip XpWn Iu]o\w Ipfn-m-\p tXmv AwK- {]Xn-`m-k--fp- ambn F\nv bmsXmcp bmsXmcp _hpw
hkv{Xw C]-sbm- gn-p- -sXmw kw\ymkn ]cn-Xy-Pn-- Ww. C.
14. \Zo-]p-fn-\-imbo kymXv |
tZhm-Km-tc-jp-_m-lyXx |
\mXyw kpJ ZpxJm`ymw |
ico-c-ap-]-Xm-]-tbXv ||
15. kv\m\w ]m\w XYm iuN-
aZv`nx ]qXm-`n-cm-Nt- cXv |
kvXqb-amt\m \ XptjyX |
\nntXm \ it]Xv ]cm ||
16. `nm-Znssh Zew ]m{Xw |
kv\m\-{Zhy ahm-cnXw |
Ghw hrn-ap-]m-kot\m |
btX-{ntbm Pt]Xv kZm ||
17. hnizmb a\p-kw-tbmKw |
a\km `mh-tbXv kp[ox ||
BIm-imZzm bphPm-tbmtPy-Xn tPymXnj Bt]m,
A]v`yx, ]rYn-ho, Gjmw `qXm\mw {_-\-{]-]tZym AP-c-
a-a-c-- c-a-hybw {]tZym
18. a-J kpJmw t`m[u |
_lp[m hniz-ho-Nbx |
DXv]-Zyt hneo-bt |
ambm-am-cpX hn{`-amXv ||
N P
tatL-t\h hnlm-bkx |
AXx IptXm ta Xm |
Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp-]vXnjp ||
]pg-bpsS Xoctm t{X-ns shfn-bntem InS-
-s. Bh-iy-an-msX ico-cs ]oUn-n--cp-Xv. Ipfn-
m\pw IpSn-m\pw iuN-n\pw ip-Pew ssIsm--
Ww. kvXpXn-bn ktm-jn-p-Itbm \n-bn tIm]n-p-
Itbm Acp-Xv. `nm-]m-{X-hpw shhpw Inp-Xv kzoI-
cn- -Ww. Cs\ D-a- hr-n-tbmsS kw\ymkn P]-X-ev]-
c-\m-I-Ww. BIm-i- n \nv hmbphpw hmbp-hn \nv
tPymXnpw tPymXn-n \nv Pehpw Pe-n \nv
]rYznbpw Cs\ kh-`q-X--fnepw hym]-c-n-cn-p
{_s Rm {]m]n-n-cn-p-p. AP-chpw Aa-chpw
A-chpw Ahy-b- hp-amb {_s Rm {]m]n-n-cn-p-
p. AJ kpJ-k-ap-{Z-amb Fn AkwJyw Xnc-am-
e-I ambm-am-cpX hn{`-a-m Dmbn hne-bw-sIm-p-
p. BIm-i-n\v taL-hp-ambn _-an-m--Xp-t]mse
20. BIm-i-hXv Iev]-hn-Zq-ctKm f l
- tWm f lw |
amZn-Xy-hZv `mky-hn-e
Blm-c-cy-h-nXy hn\n-tem f l
awt`m-[n-hXv ]mc-hn-h-ntXm f lw ||
21. \mcm-btWm f lw \c-Im-tIm f lw |
]pcm tIm f lw ]pcptjm f laoix |
AJ--t`mt[m f la-ti-j-kmo |
\nco-iztcm f lw \nclw N \nax ||
BIm-i-s- tmse Rm Iev]-\m-Xo-X\pw kqcy-s\-
tmse {]Im-i-ap ]Zm--fn \nv thdn-h\pw
]hXXpeyw AN--e\pw kap{Zw t]mse A]m-chpw
BWv Rm. \mcm-bW - \pw \c-Im--I\pw ]pcm--I\pw
]pcp-j\pw \nco-iz-c\pw \nc-l-m-c\pw \n- a-\p-am-W.v
22. XZ-`ym-tk\ {]mWm-]m\u kwbay
X{X tmIm `hn
hrj-Wm-]m-\t- bm at[y |
]mWn Bm-b-kw-{i-tbXv |
kwZ-iy-i-\-ssI Pnlzmw |
bh-amt{X hn\nXmw ||
23. amjm-am{Xmw XYm Zrnw t{imt{X
m]y-XYm `qhn
{ihtW \mkntI Km |
bXx kzw \ N kw{i-tbXv |
 420

I 24. AY ssih-]Zw b{X | kmnsb Krl-[-n-s\--t]mse \njv{]-tbm-P-\-am-

K
XZv {_ {_ XXv]cx | bn-o-cp PU-i-cocw Pe-n ]Xn--s. e-n
]Xn--s. ssNX\y kzcq-]-amb F\nv IpSw ImcWw
XZ-`ym-tk\ et`yX |
BIm-i- n\v bmsXmcp hnIr-Xnbpw `hn-m--Xp-t]mse
]qh-P-mPn-XN - m--\mw || Hcp hnIr-Xnbpw Dm-Ip-n- . Rm Cu {]m]- n-I-X-bn
{]mWm-]m- \--sf- n hrj-W-n\pw KpZ- n\pw at[y ]n-n-Sn--h\
- m-hn-.
cp ssIIfpw shbv-Ww. ]p-IsImv \mv kmh- 29. \njv{Intbm f kva rhn-Imtcm f kva n |
[m\w Aan Hcp-bh - {- ]-amWw shfn-bn-tev X-Ww. \njvI tem f kvan \ncm-IrXnx |
Zrn I-nepw ]noSv `qan-bnepw B-Ww. As\
\nhn-It]m f kvan \ntXym f kvan |
sNbvXm sNhn-bn i_vZhpw aqn Khpw Fp-
I-bn-. {_s [ym\n-p--h Xs-bmWv {_w. \ncm-ewt_m f kvan \nZzbx ||
Ah Xs inh. ]qh-P ]pWy-m a\p-jy\v 30. khm-tIm f lw kthm f lw |
{_Xzw {]m]n-m Ign-bpw. khm-XotXm f la-Zzbx |
25. kw`q-ssX hmbp kw{im]y | tIh-em-J t_mt[m f lw |
lrZbw X] DNytX | kzm\tm f lw \nc-cx ||
Du[zw {]]-ZytX tZlmZv | 31. kztah khXw ]iy |
`nXzm aq[m-\-a-hybw || a\y-am\x ka-Zzbw |
26. kztZ-lkv Xp aq[m\w | kzm\--a-\p-`q-RvPmt\m |
tb {]m]y ]camw KXnw | \nc-hn-Ievt]m `hm arlw ||
`qbkvtX \ \nht | 32. Kwk XnjvTp--]-hn-i |
]cm-]-c-hntZm P\mx || ibmt\m hm f \rYm]n hm |
27. \ kmoWw kmy-[mx kwkv]r-in bYvbm htk hnZzm |
hne-Ww
\mm-cmax kZm ap\nx ||
Ahn-Im-c-ap-{Zm-ko\w |
CXyp-]-\ n-j v
Krl [mx {]Zo-]-hXv ||
Rm \njv{In-b\pw \nhn-Im-c\pw \njvI-f\pw \ncm-
28. Pte hm]n te hm]n |
Ir-Xnbpw \nhn-I-ev]\pw \nXy\pw \ncm-ew-_-\pw \nZz-
IZ-Im-t]yj PUm-Ix | b\pw khm--I\pw khm-Xo-X\pw AZz-b\pw tIh-em-
\mlw hnent]y Xss J t_m[\pw kzm\-\pw kI-eXpw ImWp--h\pw
LS-[ss \t`m bYm || BWv. kzbw AZz-b-s\p a\-n-em-n kzm\p-`q-Xn-bn
\nhn-Iey kzcq-]-\m-bn-cn-p-p. \S-p L-nepw
lrZ-b- ns Xm]w Fp ]d-bp-Xv hmbp-hns Ccn-p-tmgpw \np-tmgpw InS-p-tmgpw GXp-hn-[-
\mZw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXv tZlw t`Znp apI-fn-tep nepw ap\n-bmb Bmhv C-b- \p-k- cnv Bm-cm-a-\mbn
t]mbn ic-n-se-p-p. kztZ-l-n \npw aqm- ]c-{_--kz-cq-]-\mbn hkn-p-am-dm-I-s.
hns\ {]m]n-p-I-sb--XmWv ]c-a-K-Xn. AXv {]m]n-p-
{_- m-\ n-I ap-c m-I p- p. hnNmc iq\y-\ mb Ipn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
1 IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv 3

imn ]mTw ]tiy-am--`nb-P{Xmx nssc-cwssKx

Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bm-a-tZhm `{Zw kvXpjvSp

N P
 421

I hmwk-kvX-\p-_ nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx 5. Xmako ssZXy ]tjp ambm t{X[m K

kzkvXn\ Ct{m-hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm lypZm-lrXm
hniz thZmx kzkvX n \ kvX mtym Acnjv S AtPbm sshjvW-ho-ambm Pt]y\ N
t\anx kzkvXn t\m _rl kv]Xn Z[m-Xp. kpXm ]pcm
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx. 6. tZhIo {_-]p{Xm km bm thssZ cp] KobtX
Hmw. tZh-m-sc, R I--fm ip`w {ihn- \nKtam hkp-tZthm tbm thZmw
-s. Ip-I-fm ip`w ImW-s, kpZr-V - -fmb AwK- IrjvW cmatbmx
-fmepw ico-c-nepw \nsf kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn-m- 7. kvXphtX kXXw bkvXp tkm hXot
\n-S-h-c-s. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p Bbpv alo-Xte
A\p-`h - n-m-\n-S-h-c-s. AXn-Ion-bp C{ R ht\-hrm ht\ {IoU tKm] tKm]o
v \ sN-s. kh--\mb ]qjzmhv Rv \ kpsscx kl
sN-s. A{]-Xn-tcm-[K - X
- n-bmb Kcp-U Rv \
8. tKmt]ym Kmh EN-kvXky bjvSnIm Ia-em-k\
sN-s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
hwi-kkvXp `K-hm cp{Zx irwK-ant{m k
1. lcn Hmw. {ioa-lm-hnjvWp kn-Zm-\ eWw tKmkpcx
cma-N{w ZrjvSzm khmw-K-kp-cw ap\tbm h\- 9. tKmIpew h\-ssh-IpWvTw Xm]-km-kvX{X
hm-knt\m hnkvanXm _`qhpx Xw tlm Np t\m X{XtX
Ah-Zy-a-h-Xm-cm ss\z KW-bt Benw-Kmtam `h-
{Zpam tem` t{Im[m-Ztbm ssZXym Ien-Im-e-kvXn-
-an-Xn. `hm-tc IrjvWm-h-Xmtc bqbw tKm]nIm
c-kvIrXmx
`qXzm amam-enw-K-Y. At\y tb Ah-Xm-cmkvtX ln
tKm]m \ kv{Xo t\m Ipcp. At\ym-\y-hn-{Klw tZh-m-scmw `K-hms hmp tIv Gsd kp-
[mcyw Xhmw-K -kv] k-\m-Znl iizXw kv] in- jvS-cm-bn. Ah At\ym\yw ]dp: "Ctm \mw IrX-
bnXm AkvamIw KrlvWotam Ah-Xm-cm hbw. Ir-Xy-cm-bn.'' XpSv Ah `K-hms Bm-\p-hn-
I-fm-Im Ah-X-cn-p. apn btimZ-bpsS cq]-n P\n-
alm-hn-jvWphpw kn-Zm- \-- e-- W\pw khmwKkp-
p. kmXzn-In, cmP-kn, Xmakn Fn-s\ amb aqp-hn-
-c-\p-amb cma-N-{s\ Iv h\-hm-knIfmb ap\n-am [-am-Wv. cp{Z-\n kmXzn-Io-am-bbpw {_m-hn cmP-kn-
hnkvan-Xc - m-bn-op. Ah Fm-hcpw IqSn At-l- am- bbpw ssZXy-m-cn Xma-ko-am-bbpw tNp. Cu aqp
tmSp ]dp: ""A-bpsS Bm-\p-k-cWw R hn[-n-ep amb-bn \npw `n-amb sshjvWh - a
- m-
`qan- bn P-sa-Sp-m Xbm-dm-Wv. Fm Av R bsb Pbn-pI hfsc {]bm-k-am-Wv. {_-a-bn-bmb
v tKm]-m-cp-sSbpw tKm]n-If - p-sSbpw Pw Xc-tW. sshjvW-hn-am-bsb ]v {_m-hn\p t]mepw Pbn-m
AhnsS A-bpsS kmn-[yhpw AwK-kw-kv]ihpw Ign- n- . B ambsb tZh- m kv X pXn- p- p.
e`np-hm-\p Ah-kcw e`n-p-sIm-n-cp-m AsXmcp sshjvWh - o-amb Xs-bmav tZh-In-bmbn P\n--Xv. thZ-
henb A\p-{K-la - m-bn-cn-pXmWv. hkp-tZ-h-\mbn Ah-X-cn-p. thZ--fpsS A-`q-
2. cp{Zm-Zo\mw hNx {ipXzm t{]mhmN `K-hm kzbw X-amb {_w Xs-bmWv IrjvW\pw _e-cm-a-\p-ambn
AwK-kwKw Icn-jyman `h-ZzmIyw Itcm-aylw P\n--X.v {ioIr-jvWs tKmfpw tKm]-tKm-]n-If - p-amWv
thZ--fnse Ep-I. hSn-bmbn {_mhpw thWphmbn
cp{Zm-Zn-I-fmb tZh-m-cpsS t{]aw \nd hmp-tIv Ip{Z\pw P\n-p. C{ irwK-am-bn-h - X
- c
- n-p. C{]-Imcw
`K-hm ]dp: "\n-fpsS B{Klw \n-b-ambpw \nd- kmm sshIpWvTw Xs-bmWv tKmIp-ea - mbn {]Xy-
th-dpw. a\p-jy-P--n \nv Fs AwK-kv]i- -s--Xv. AhnsS Xm]-k- m-cmb alm-m- hr--
n\v Ah-kcw e`n-p--Xm-Wv. fpsS cq]w [cn-p. tem`w t{Im[w XpS-nb hnIm-c-
3. tamZn-Xm-kvtX-kp-cm-kth IrX IrXym ssZXy-m-cm-bn-op. Cu hnIm-c- Ien-Im-e-n
[p\m hbw `K-hms \mtam-m-cW am{X-bn Xs \in-p-p.
tbm \x ]c-am-\tm btimZm apn tKln\o 10. tKm]-cqt]m lcnx kmmXv ambm hn{K-l[
- m-
4. ambm km{Xn hn[m t{]mm kXz cmP cW Zpt_m[w IplIw Xky-am-bbm tamlnXw
kXm-ako PKXv
t{]mm N kmXzn Iocpt{Z `t {_Wn 11. Zpbm km kpssc kssh[rjvSn cqt]m
cmPkn `th-ZznZx cpt{Zm tb\ IrtXm hwikvX ky amb
PK-XvI Yw

N P

I 12. _ew m\w kpcmWmw ssh tXjmw
m\w lrXw WmXv tij-\mtKm `th-{Zmax
IrjvtWm {_ss-hi - m-izXw
13. AjvSm-hjvS klt{k tZz iXm-[nIyx kv{Xob-
kvXYm EtNm-]\ - n-j-ZkvXm ssh {_ cq]mx ENx
kv{Xobx
14. tZzj-m-Wq-ca - -tmbw htcm apjvSntImx
Pbx
Zx Iph-e-bm-]otUm Kthm cx JtKm _Ix
15. Zbm km tcmlnWo amXm kXy-`mam [tcXn
ssh ALm-kptcm alm-hym[nx Ienx Iwkx k
`q]Xnx
16.-itam an{Xx kpZam N kXym {Iqtcm-thm Zax
bx iwJ kx kzbw hnjvWp evao cqt]m hyh-
nXmx
17. ZpKv[k
- v\o\v[u kap-Xv]m taL-tLm-jkvXp
kwkv a rXx ZpKv t m Z[nx IrX- k v t X\ `m-
ImWvtUm Z[n-{Klx
18. {IoUtX _metIm `qXzm Z[n-{Klx ]qh-hXv
kpa-tlm-Z[u kwlm-cmw N i{XqWmw c-
Wmb N kwnXx
19. Ir]mt kh-`q-Xm\mw tKm]vXmcm [
amPw bXv {kjv S p- a o- i z- t c- W m- k o N{Iw
{_-cq-] -[ r-Iv .
tKm]s cq]-n eoem-hn-{Kl cq]w [cn-n-cn-p-
-Xv. `K-hm lcn Xs-bm-Wv. Cu {]]w ambm-tam-
ln-X-am-Wv. AXn-\m Cuiz-co-b-am-b-bpsS clkyw Adn-
bpI {]bm-k-am-Wv. Fs-m `K-hms amb tZh-
mp Xsbpw Adn-bm sRcp-w. BcpsS ambm-hn- 26. `pam-hp-m-cnXw khw sshIpWvT kz-hm-
em-k-m {_m-hn\v hSn-bmbpw inh\v thWp-hmbpw
P\n-tn hp. B `K-hms amb-sb-{dn km[m-cW
P\- Fs\ Adn-bm-\mWv? tZh-m-cpsS m\-
_ew t]mepw {iol-cn-bpsS amb \njv{]-Za - m-n. k\m-
X\ {_w {ioIr-jvW-s\bpw A\- _e-cm-a\ - mbpw
P\n-p. IrjvWs ]Xn-\m-dm-bn-c-sp ]Xv\n-am thZ-
nse Ep-Ifpw D]-\n-j- p- I-fp-am-Ip-p. IqSmsX {_-
kz-cq-]n-Wn-I-fmb thZ-nse EpI tKm]n-Ia - m-cmbn
P\n-p. NmWq-c-a- tZzjhpw apjvSn-I a-chpw Iph-
e-bm-]oUw Z-hp-am-Wv. BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb _Im-kp-c
Kh-amWv; Zb Xs tcmloWo amXmhv; ]rYzo-am- Xm-hmWv
kXy-`m-a. alm-hym[n ALm-kp-c-\mbpw Iwk-\mbpw P\n-
p. iaw kpZm-am-hn-sbpw kXyw A{Iq-c-sbpw Zaw D-
h-cp-sSbpw `mhw tNp. iwJw hnjvWp Xs-bmWv
evanbpsS {`mXm-hm-b -Xp-sImv eva np Xpeyw
Xs-bm-W-Xv. {ioIr- jvW ]m, ssXcv XpSnbh \nd
IpS- DSv tKmIp-e- n hnl-cn-- tm. ]m-S-ens bm-Wv. AXn sXmSp _mW-ns cq]-nepw ImW-
N P
422
eoe Xs-bm-WX - v. oc-Z[n {]hm-la
- m-Ip ]m-S-
K
en _me-cq-] - n `K-hm IrjvW apn-e-s-
tmse {IoUnp sImn-cn-p-p. k-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-
nepw ZpjvS-\n-{K-l-nepw Atlw kam\ `mh-tmSv
IqSn apgp-In-bn-cn-p-p. kI-e-tcbpw A\p-{K-ln-m\pw
[-kw-c--W-n-\p-amWv `K-hm IrjvW temI-
n Ah-Xm-c-sa-Sp--X.v ]c-a-in-h hnjvWp-hn-\p-thn
GsXmcp N{Iw \nn-pthm AXp-X-s-bmWv {ioIr-
jvWs Ic-I-a-e--fn ImW-s-Sp--X.v B N{Iw {_-
Xp-ey-am-Ip-p.
20. P b o k w`th m h mbp - - a tc m [
kwnXx bkym-k\ Pze\m `mkx JUvK-cqt]m
atl-izcx
21. Iip- t]m-e q-J - e m- J ymtXm cpam-X mZnXn
kvXYm N{I iwJw N kwknnx _np N kh
aq[\n
22. bmhn tZh-cq-]mWn hZn hn_p[mx P\mx
\an tZh cqt]`yx Gh-amZn \ kwibx
23. KZm N ImenIm kmmXv kh i{Xp
\n_lnWo
[\px imMw kzambm N icX Imex
kpt`m-P\x
24. A_vP ImWvUw PKXv _oPx-[rXm ]mWu
kzeo-ebm KcptUm hS-`m-WvUocx kpZmam \mc-
tZm ap\nx
25. hrm `nx {Iob-_pnx kh Pp {]Im-
in\o Xkv a m- - ` nw \m`n- - a m- `n `ntm \
sshhn`px
kn\mw kh-Xo ^ew e`tX b Gh thZ
tZl _m Zznap-NytX CXyp-]\ - n-jv lcn Hmw
XXv kXv.
hmbp `K-hm ssh Pbn ame-bpsS cq]hpw [w
Nma-c-cq-]hpw ssIsmp atl-iz-c DPz-ea - mb JUvK-
ns cq]hpw Iiy-] tKmIp-e- nse Dc-ens cq]hpw
kzoI-cn-p. kh h--fp-sSbpw apI-fn-embn A\p-
kzmcw Ae- m-c-a m-b n-cn- p- -X p-t ]mse kthm-] cn
tim`np BImiw `K-hms IqsS-bm-Wv. hmevaoIn
hymk XpS-nb aljn-am tZh-m-cpsS GtX-sXmw
cq]- -s fn hn- n- ptm kh {]mWn- I fpw
GsXmw cq]- n tZh-msc \a- kvI-cn-p-ptm A-
s\-bp Fm tZh-mcpw {ioIr-jW v s tKmIp-e-n
hkn-p-p. `K-hms KZ kmm Imfn kzcq-]a - m-Wv.
AXv kIe i{Xp-s - fbpw \in-n-p-hm Ign-hp-X - m-
Wv. imMw F [\p-ns cq]-nepw Ime Xs-

I s-Sp-Xv {]]--ns _oP-cq-]-am-Ip Iaew `K-
hms ssII-fn keoew tim`n-p-p. ZWvUo-c-h-S-hr-
-ns cq]w Kcp-U\pw kr`m-am-ls cq]w \mc-Z\pw
kzoI-cn-p. kmm `n Xs-bmWv hr. _pn
Xs `K-hms {Inbm-i
- n. Cs\ tKm]-m tKm]n-
I XpS-n-b-h Fmw Xs {ioIr-jvW-\n \npw
1 ssIh- t eym- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn-]mTw
Hmw kl\m hhXp kl \u `p\p kl-hocyw
Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X -akvXp am hnZzn-
jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp-t]-tcbpw cn--s. AXv
\s cp-t]-tcbpw ]cn-]m-en--s. R cp-t]cpw
Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. \psS A[y-b\w tXtPm-a-b-
am-bn-cn--s. \mw ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. Hmw AYm-izm-em-bt\m `K-hw
]c-t a-jvT n-\-ap-]-k-ta-tXym-hmN:
A[oln `K-h {_-hnZymw hcnjvTmw I
kZm kZv`nx tkhy-am\mw \nKqVmw I
bYm f NncmXv kh-]m]w hyt]mly I
]cmXv ]cw ]pcpjw bmXn hnZzm II
Bizm-em-b-\-a-ljn {_ hnZy Adn-b-W-sa-p
B{K- l-tm-Sp-IqSn kanXv ]mWn-bmbn {_m-hns\ kao-
]nv hn\-bt- mSp IqSn ]dp: `K-hm-s\, GXp am-
n IqSn-bmtWm alm-m- kZm k- cnp sImn-
cn- p--Xv, GXp hn[- amtWm hnZzm- m ]qh-P-mPn- X- amb
]m]--fn \np tamNnv ]c-{_-s {]m]n-p-Xv
tKm]-\o-bhpw AXyw t{ijvT-hp-amb B {_-hnZy
Zbhp sNbvXv F\nv D]-tZ-inp Xc-Ww.
2. Xkvssa k tlmhmN ]nXm-alx:
{im-`n [ym\-tbm-Km-Z-sshln I
N P
423
A`n---fm-Ip-p. B `K-hm Xs-bmWv kz-n- K
sebpw sshIp-WvT-n-sebpw Fm tZh-m-scbpw `qan-
bn Ah- X- cn- n--Xv. CXv icn- bmbn Adn- bp m\nv
kIe Xo- - fnepw kv\m\w sNbvXm- ep ^ew e`n- pw.
icoc _w hnv Ah\v apn-t\-Sm\pw km[n- p- .p
IrjvtWm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
{_mhv Aizm-em-b-\-t\mSv ]dp; {i `n
[ym\w tbmKw Ch-sImv AXv t\Sp-hm {ian-p-I.
3. \ IWm \ {]Pbm [t\\ I
XymK-ss\tI Aar-X-Xz-am-\ipx I
]tcW \mIw \nlnXw Kplmbmw I
hn{`m-PtX bZy-Xtbm hnin II
[\w sImtm km-\- sImtm I-
sImtm B ]c-a-XXzw {Kln- m km[y-a-. XymKw am{X-
amWv AXn-\p amw. XymK-m-emWv {_- m-\n-I
]c-a-amb Aar-XXzw {]m]n-n-p--Xv. kz-n\pw D]-cn-
bmbn nXn sNp B {_-tem-I-{]m]vXn kwb-an-
Ipw tbmKn-Ipw am{Xta e`n-q.
4. thZm hnm-\ -kp-\n-n-Xmmx
k\ym-k-tbm-Km-Zy-Xbx ip-kXzmx
tX {_-tem-tIjp ]cm--Imte
]cm-arXmx ]cn-ap-Nyn kth II
thZm-m-[ym-b-\-m ]c-a-amb hnm-\-amnv
{ih-W- a-\\ tbmKm-`ym- km-Zn-I-fm ]c-a-XXz {]m]vXn \nXy-
am-n. AxKcW ipn hcpn {_-tem-I-{]m-]vXnv
{]b-Xv\n- p tbmKn-Iv am{Xw Iev]m Imev Aar-
X-Xz-{]m]vXn e`n-p-p.
5. hnhn tZti N kpJm-h-\x I
ipNnx ka-{Ko-h-iocx icocx I
Aym-{i-ax kI-te-{n-bmWn I
\ncpym `ym kzKpcpw {]Way

I 6. lrXv ]p-coIw hncPw hnipv[w I
hnNny aty hniZw hntimIw I
ANn- y-a-hy--a-\--cq]w I
inhw {]im--a-arXw {_-tbm\nw II
7. Xam-Zn-a-[ym--hn-lo-\-taIw I
hn`pw hnZm-\-a - -cq-]-a-Zv`pXw I
Dam-k-lmbw ]c-ta-izcw {]`pw I
{Xntem-N\w \oe-IWvTw {]imw I
[ymXzm ap\nK-Xn `qX-tbm\nw I
ka-kvXk - mnw Xakx ]c-kvXmXv II
k\ym-km-{i-a-n-en-cpv kv\m\m-Zn-I-fm ico-c-ipn
hcpn GIm m\-n-cpv tbmKn-I Xe Igpv
icocw Fnh t\sc-bmn Fm C{n-b-fpw GIm--
amn {i-tbmSp `n-tbmSpw Kpcp-hns\ ]qPnv \a-kvI-
cnv lrZ-b-n \npw ctPm-KpWw AIn ZpxJ timIm-
Zn-I shSnv hnip- - `n XXzw a\w sNp-p. Cs\
[ym\-m ap\n-am ANn-y\pw Ahy-\pw A\
kzcq-]nbpw Ieym-W-Im-cnbpw AZzn-Xo-b\pw kh-hym-
]nbpw Acq-]\pw hne--W-{]-im-m-ar-X-cq-]nbpw {_-
tbm-\nbpw BZn-a-[ym--lo-\\pw GI\pw hn`phpw NnZm-\-
\pw Acq-]\pw Ap-X\pw Dam-]-Xnbpw ]c-ta-iz-c\pw
{]`phpw {Xnt\-{X\pw \oe-I-WvT\pw {]im-\pw kh-N-
cm-N-c -\ m-Y \pw kh-km- nbpw Ahn-Zym-X o-X-\ p-amb
{_s [ym\wsImp kmm-XvI-cn-p-p.
8. k {_m k inhx tk{x I
tkm f cx ]cax kzcmSv I
k Gh hnjvWpx k {]mWx I
k Imtem f nx k N{amx II
9. k Gh khw bZv `qXw I
b `hyw k\m X\w I
mXzm Xw arXyp-a-tXyXn I
\m\yx ]m-hn-ap-tb II
10. kh-`q-X--a m-m\w I
kh-`q-Xm\n Nm\n I
kw]-iy {_ ]caw I
bmXn \mt\y\ tlXp\m II
{_mhv, inh, C{, A-c-{_-w, {]mW,
An, Ime, `qXw, `hyw, k\m-X-\w, Fmw AXp--
s-sbp a\-n-em-n- ac-Ws Pbn-m km[n-p-
p. AmsX tam- n\v thsd hgnbn- . kh-
`qXfnepw Bm-hn-s\bpw Bm-hns\ kh-`q-X--
fnepw ImWp--h ]c-am-m-hns\ {]m]n-p-p.
N P
424
11. Bm-\-a-cWnw IrXzm I K
{]mWhw tNm-cm-cnWnw I
m\-\n-Y-\m-`ym-kmXv I
]m]w ZlXn ]nXx II
]n- X AxIc- Ws Xmsg-bp Ac-Wn- bmn
{]W-hs D-cm-c-Wn-bmn cpw \nc-cw aY\w
sNp-p. XXv^-ea
- mb m\m-n-bn Fm ]m]-fpw
`kva-amn kwkm-c-_-- -ap--cm-Ip-p.
12. k Gh ambm-]-cn-tam-ln-Xmm I
ico-c-am-mb ItcmXn khw I
kv{Xy-]m-\mZn hnNn-{X-t`mssKx I
k Gh Pm{KXv ]cn-Xr-]vXt- aXn II
Ah Xs- ambm-tam-ln-X- Bm-thmsS ico-c-amWv
Fm-sap [cnv Fm I-fpw sNp--p. Ah
Xs hnj-b-hm-k-\-Ifpw A-]m-\m-Zn-kp-J--sfbpw
A\p-`-hnv Pm{K-Z-h--bn kwXr-]vX-\m-Ip-p.
13. kz]vt\ k Pohx kpJ ZpxJ t`mm I
kam-b-bm-I-ev]n-X-Po-h-temtI I
kpjp-]vXn-Imte kIte hneot\ I
Xtam f `n`qXx kpJ-cq-]-taXn II
AtX a\p-jy kzam-bm-I-e] v nX temIn imco-cn-
I-kp-JZpxJ-f\ - p-`h
- n-p-p. kpjp-]Xv n-bn ambm-{]-]-
-hn-c -X n-b n Xtam-K pW ]cm-Pn-X -\mbn kpJ-a -\ p-` -
hnp-p.
14. ]p\ Pm--c-I-tbm-KmXv I
k Gh Poh kz]nXn {]_px I
]pc-{Xtb PohXn b Pohx I
XkvXp PmXw kIew hnNn{Xw I
B[m-c-am-\--a-J--t_m[w I
bkvan ebw bmXn ]pc-{Xbw N II
]ns Pm-c I-tbm-K-m Ah kpjp-]X v n-
bn \nv kz]v\w Pm{K-Z-h--I-fn-se-p-p. kqva-
-qe-Im-c-Wm-- Ia - mb aqp ico-c--fnepw Poh B\-
-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. ambm-{]-]--ns Dhw AXn
\np-am-W.v {Xnhn-[-i-co-c- \in-p-tm Poh ambm-
{]-]- -n \npw ap-\mbn AJ--amb B\w
A\p-`- hn- p-p.
15. GX-kvam--btX {]mtWm I
a\x kth-{n-bmWn N I
Jw hmbptPymXn cm]x I
]rYnho hniz-ky-[m-cn-Wo II

I {]mW\pw a\pw Fm C-{n-b-fpw CXn \np
D-hn-p-p. AXn \npw krn--s-Sp ]rYzn- Rm Xs- bmWv ]cm-mhpw hncmSv ]pcp-j-\pw.
bmWv BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew Fn-h-bpw kh-N-
cm-N-c--sfbpw [cn-p--Xv.
16. bXv]cw {_ khmm I
hniz-kym-b-X\w alXv I
kqvamXv kqva-Xcw \nXyw I
Xz-tah Xztah XXv II
GXp ]c-{_--amtWm Hcn-epw \in-m-Xv Bsc
kqvam-Xn-kq- va-b-{- pw ImWm-\m-Ipntbm.
GXv Fmn\pw B[m-c-am-tWm GXv kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw
Bm-hm- tWm AXp Xs-bmWv \o, AXp Xs-bmWv \o.
17. Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp-]vXyZn I
{]]w bXv {]Im-itX I
XZv {_m-l-anXn mXzm I
kh _ssx {]ap-NytX II
Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Fo aqv Ah--I-
fnepw Poh ImWp Cu ambm-a-b-{]-]w Rm Xs-
bm-sWpw {_-kz-cq]w Xs- bm-sWpw a\-n-em-p-
tm AXv kh hn[ _-\ - -fn \npw ap-am-
p-p.
18. {Xnjp [makp bZv t`mKyw I
t`mm t`mK bZv `thXv I
tXt`ym hne-Wx kmo I
Nnt{Xm f lw kZm-inhx
Rm Xs-bmWv aqv Ah--I-fnepw t`mK-t`m-Ky-
t`m-r-cq-]-n ImW-s-Sp-Xpw, kZm inh\pw ssNX-
\y-ap-\pw hne--W-km-n-cq-]\
- pw. khhpw P\nv
Pohnv acn-p {_-kz-cq]w Xs-bmWv.
19. ath kIew PmXw I
abn khw {]Xn-jvTnXw I
abn kh-ebw bmXn I
XZv {_Mvam-Zz-b-a-kvarlw II
Fmw Fn P\n-p. Fmw Fn {]Xn-jT
v n-X- am-
bn-cn-p-p. Fmw Ah-km\w Fn ]ebw {]m]n-p-
p. A-s\-bp AZzb {_-amWv Rm.
20. AtWm-cW- o-bm-\-h-tah XZzXv I
alm-\-lw-hn-iz-alw hnNn{Xw I
]pcm-Xt\m f lw ]pcptjm f laotim I
lnc-tbm f lw inh-cq-]-akvan II
Rm AWp-hnepw AWp-hpw al-nepw al-p-
N P
425
amWv. hnNn-{X-amb Cu {]]w Fs kzcq]w Xs. K
21. A]m-Wn-]mtZm f la-Nn- y-inx I
]iymay f Npx k irtWm-Xy-Ix I
Alw hnPm-\man hnhn--cqt]m I
\ NmkvXn thm aa-NnXv kZmlw II
22. thssZ-c-t\-ssI-c-l-tah thtZym I
thZm--IrXv thZ-hn-tZh Nmlw I
\ ]pWy-]mt] aa \mkvXn \mtim I
\ P tZtl-{nb _pn ckvXn II
23. \ `qan-cmt]m \N hn-ckvXn I
\ Nm\ntem ta f kvXn \ Nmw_cw N I
Ghw hnZnXzm ]c-am--cq]w I
Kplm-ibw \njvI-f-a-Zzn-Xobw II
- mnw kZ-k-Zzn-lo\w I
24. ka-kvXk
{]bmXn ipw ]c-am--cq]w II
ssIIm-ep-I-fn-m-Xpw ANny inbpw Bb ]c-
{_w Rm Xs. Nnz-cq-]-\mb Fs Bpw Adn-
bm\pw a\-n-em-m-\p-am-hn-. _pn-Iq-SmsX kI-eX - p-a-dn-
bm, qe-I--en-msX Fmw tIm, t\{X- an-
msX khw ImWm F\nv Ign-hp-v. Rm Xs
thZw D]-tZ-in-p-p. Rm Xs thZw krn-p. kh-
th-Z-fpw Fs kvXpXn-p-p. Rm P-\m-i--
Xo- X-\m- W.v Fs ]m]-]p-Wy- kv]in- p-n-. Rm
ico-c-a-t\m-_p-n- I-Xo-X-\m-Wv. F\nv `qantbm Petam
Antbm hmbpthm BIm-itam Hp-an-. Cs\ ambm-
ab {]]--- Xo-X- \mbn kh-km-n-bmbn AZzn-Xo-
b-ambn Ic-N-c-W-c-ln-X-ambn _pn-bpsS tImWn-ep ]c-
am kzcq-]-a-dn-bp--h\v am{Xta ip-amb Fs ]c-am-
-kz- cq] kmm-XvImcw knn-p-Ib - p-q.
25. bx iX-cq-{Zn-b-a-[otX kx An-]qtXm `h-Xn,
k hmbp-]qtXm `h-Xn, k B-]qtXm `h-Xn, k
kpcm- ] m-\ mXv ]qtXm `h-X n, k {_- l - X ymXv
]qtXm `h-Xn, k kph kvtXbmXv ]qtXm `h-
Xn, k IrXym-Ir-XymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn, Xkvam-Z-hn-ap-
-am-{intXm `h-Xn, AXym-{iao khZm kIrZzm
Pt]Xv
bmsXm-cp-h iX-c p-{Znbw A[y-b\w sNp-tm
Ah An, hmbp, Pew, Bmhv Fn-h-sb-tmse
]cn-ip--\m-bn- o-cp-p. aZy-]m\ alm-]m-]
- n \nv
ap-\m-Ip-p, {_-l-Xym-]m-]-n \np kz-]-l-c-
W-]m-]-n \npw ap-\m-Ip-p, Ah Fm ip`m-
ip-`-I--fn \npw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. `K-hm kZm-
in-hs Ir]v ]m{X-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv D-cn--s
 426

I Poh A]-ca X]-kzn-I-sf-tmse Ftm-gptam Hcp {]mh- Xkvam-tZhw hnZn-ssXz\w I K

iytam A[y-b\w sN-Ww. ssIheyw ^e-a-iv\ptX II
26. At\\ m\-am-]vt\mXn I AXp-s Imv am{Xta kwkm-c -km-K-cs XcWw
kwkm-cmh \mi\w I sNm km[n-p m\w t\Sm Ign- -bq. A-s\-
bp Adnhp e`n-m tam--^ew knn-p-p.
ssIh-teym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 pcp-tIm-]-\n-jv 3

imn a{w Xp-t]mse a\v _mtly-{n-b--fn \nv hymhn-

n-W- w. AXn-\p-tijw kmh-[m-\-n ]{p am{X
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl\u `p\px kl
tN {]W-h-m {_m- hn-\m \nt-in--s-n-p
hocyw Ic-hm-hs- sl. tXP-kzn-\mh [oX-a-kvXp. am
hn[w \h-Zzm-c--sfbpw \nb-{nv {]mWm-bmaw sN-Ww.
hnZzn-jm-hs
- sl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
amhnSw apJw \sv Igpv lrZbw Ch Db nXn-
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R cp-t]-scbpw bn-em-bn- cn-W
- w.
Hcp-anv cn--s. Hcp-anv R- PohnXw A\p-`-hn-
5. {]mWm kRvPm-c-tbXv Xkvan \mkm-`y-c
-s. Hcp-anv R apt-d-s. R-fpsS hnZybpw
NmcnWx
_pnbpw tXtPm-ab - -am-Is
- . R Hcm-sfbpw tZzjn-
m-\n-Sh- c
- m-Xn-cn-s
- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx `qXzm X{Xm-b-X-{]mWx iss\-cp-zmk
apm-tkXv
1. pcnImw kw{]-h- yman [mcWmw
tbmK-kn-tb ]ns aqn-\-Iv Nen-p {]mWs\ lrZ-b-
n [cn--Ww. Cs\ Ipw`Iw \nh-lnv kmh-[m-
bmw {]m]y \ ]p\P tbmK-ap-ky
\-n tcNIw sN-Ww.
\ Pmb-tX.
6. nc-amb ZrVw IrXzm AwKp-jvtT\ kam-lnXx
tbmK-kn- n-mbn [mc-Wm-]q-c-amb qcn- Isb AXm-
tZz Kpt^ {]IphoX PwtL ssNh
bXv Insb Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-p-p. AXv a\-n-em-
{Xb-kv{Xbx
n-bm tbmK-ap--\m-bn-p--h\v ]p\Pw Dm-hp-I-
bn-. 7. Pm\p\o XtYm-cq`ymw tZz\ KptZ\ inivt\\
{XX-b-kv{Xbx
2. thZ-XX - zm hnlnXw btYmw l
hmtbm-cm-bX
- \w X{X \m`n-tZ-ti\ kam-{i-tbXv
kzbw-`qhm
\nxi_vZw tZk-am-mb X{Xm-k-\-k-a-h- -nXx C s \ C u A `y m k w nch p w Z r V - h p -
amno-Xn-\p-tijw hfsc {i-tbmsS Imense
3. Iqtm vKm\oh kwlrXy at\m lrZn
s]cp-hn-c apX cp IW-m-en-tepw cv Imap-
\ncp[y N
nepw D]w ae- Zzmcw Chn-sSbpw aqp {]mWm- bmaw sN-
am{Xm ZzmZ-it- bm-tK\ {]W-th\ iss\x iss\x Ww. ]ns hmbp-hns m\w \m`n-{]-tZ-i-am--Ww.
4. ]qc-tbXv kh-am-m\w kh-Zzmcw \ncpy N 8. X{X-\-\mUo kpjpav\m Xp \mUn-`nZ-i`- n
Dtcm-ap-J-I-Sn-{Kohw InnXv lrZ-b-ap--Xw. hrXm
\n-_vZ-amb \-n DNn-Xa
- mb B kn-en- X{X-\-cm N ]oXm N IrjvWm Xm{am
cpv Ba ssI, Im, Xe-I Dn-tebvv hen-p-- hntem-lnXm
N P
 427

I AhnsS kpjpav\ F \mUn-bp-v. AXv ]e \mUn- 16. kpjpav\ Xp ]tc eo\m hncPm {_-cq-]nWn K
Ifpw tN-Xm-W v. Ah-bn ]eXpw kqv a - fpw CUm XnjvTXn hmta\ ]nwKem Zn-tW\ Xp
Npapw apw Idppw sNp-\n-d
- nepw apw D- 17. Xtbmat[y ]cw m\w bkvXn thZ k
Xm-W.v thZ-hnXv
9. AXn-kqvaw N Xo N ipm \mUo\ Zzmk-]n kl-{kmWn {]Xn-\m-Uo-jvT\
kam-{i-tbXv tXXx Xnew
X{X km-ct- bXv {]mW Du\m 18. OnZytX [ym\-tbm-tK\ kpjp-avss\-
`oh-X-p\m Im-\-On-ZytX
Ch-bn Ghpw kqvahpw t\Xpw shfp- tbmK-\nae [mtcW ptc-Wme hNkm
Xpw Bb-hsb B{i-bn--Ww. Fp-Imen Xs he- 19. Ot-m-Uo-iXw [ocx {]`-hm-Znl P\n
bn-eqsS btYjvSw k-cn-p-X - p-t]mse tbmKn Cu PmXn-]p-jv]-kam tbmKo\ bZm hiyXn ssXXew
\mUn-I-fn-eqsS {]mWs\ k-cn-n-W - w. 20. Ghw ip`m-kp-ss``mhw km \mUoXmw
10. XtXm-\c
- -tm-ev]m-`mk lrZ-bm-b-X\
- w-\a
- -lXv hn`m-h-tbXv
Zlcw ]pWvU-coIw XXv\t- h-Zm-tjy- XZv`m-hnXm {]]-Zyt ]p\P--hn-hPnXmx
\n-K- ZytX 16. kpjpav\ ]c-XX - z-n ebn--Xm-Wv. hnc-P{- _--am-
AXn-\p- tijw thZm--n Zl-c-]p-WU v - coIsap Ip-p. CU CSp hi-n-cn-p-p. ]nwKf he-Xp-h-i-
]d-bp lrZ-b-ns Npa Xma-c - q-hp-t]mse {]Im- m- W.v
in-p B m\-ap-t- m. 17. Cu cp \mUn-I-fp-sSbpw \Spv D Da m\w
11,12,13,14,15 XZv ZnXzm IWvT -a m-b mXn Xmw a\-n-em--Ww. AXv a\-n-em-n-b-h thZ--\m-Wv.
\mUow ]qc-tb-ZnXn a\-kkvXp ]cw-Kplyw kpXo- \mUnIsfmw IqSn Fgp-] - n-c-m-bn-ca
- p-v. ssXXn-e-
sa-m-WX - ns t]cv. 18, 19. [ym\-tbm-K - m kI-e-\m-
Ww _pn- \ new ]mZ-t kym- ] cn bma
Un-Ifpw tOZn-s - -Sp-p. kpjpav\ am{Xw tOZn-m
X{Zq]w \ma Nn-tbXv at\m [mtcW Xnt-W\
km[y-a-. hoc-]p-cp-j\v Cu P-n Xs Bm-
tbmK-am-{inXy \nXyix C{ h{P-anXn t{]mw
hns {]`m-h-m An- sb-tmse tXP- kzn- bmbpw tbmK-
aaPw Lm\p-I r- \w XXv [ym\-_-e -tbm-tK\
i-n- bm- Ip In-bm kI- e- \m-Un-I-sfbpw tOZn- m
[mc- W - ` n\ n- I r - - t bX v Duthma[y w Xp
Ign-hp--h-\mbpw Xocmw. ]n-I-q-hn-s\-tmse tbmKnv
kwm]y aa- { ]m- W - h n- t am-N \w NXp- c - ` yky
Ftmgpw ssXXnew ImWm Ignbpw 20. Cs\ ip`m-
tbmtK\ Ont-Z-\-`n-i-nXx XXx IWvTm-tc
ip-`-`m-h-tmsS kpjp-a\ v -\m-Unsb [ym\n--Ww. AXn
tbmKo kaqtl \mUn- k - W ytb GtIm- cw \na--\m-b-h\v ]p\Pan-. {_-{]m-]X v n-bp-ap-m-Ipw.
\mUn-iXw Xmkmw at[y hcm kvarXm
21. Xtbm hnPnX NnkvXp \n_vZw
11,12..... AXns\ t`Znv hmbp B \mUnsb \ndv tZiam nXx
IWvT-n-se-p-p. AXn-\m tbmKnv _pn-]-c-ambn \nxkw-K
- z-kw-Kt- bm-Ktm \nc-t]x
\n-ehpw AXn XovWh - p-amb a\-m-Ip In-sb- iss\x iss\x
Spp Imens apI-fn a[y- `m-Kv \ne-sIm-p \maw,
22. ]mim OnXzm bYm lwtkm \nhn-i
cq]w Ch apdnv If-b-Ww. A-s\-bp XovWa - \
- -
JapXv {ItaXv
n-\m \nXyhpw tbmKw A`y-kn--Ww.
On-]m-ik- vX-Ym-Pohx kwkmcw XctX kZm
13. ]noSv C{-h{Pw Fp t]cp- Xpw IW-m- enepXp- 23. bYm \nhmW Imte Xp Zot]m ZKv[zm ebw
amb m\s [ym\-tbm-K-n-sbpw [mc-W-bp-sSbpw {]tPXv
_e-m apdn--Ww.
XYm \khm-Wn-\I - am-Wn\ tbmKo
14. ]ns cp XpS-I-fp-sSbpw \Spv {]mWs\ m]nv ZKv[zm\ ebw {htPXv
AXns\ a-`m-K- n sImm-W - w. \mep-{]m-hiyw 24. {]mWm-bm-akp Xn-tW\ am{Xm [mcW
tbmKm-`ymkw sNbvXv i-sbt\y a-`mKw apdn--Ww. tbmK-hnXv
15. ]ns tbmKn IWvT-ns Dn \mUn-Isf GIo- sshcm-tKym-]e
- -Lr-jvtS\ OnXzm Xpw
I-cn-p-p. AhnsS \qn-sbmv \mUn-I-fp-v. _[ytX

N P

I 25. Aar-XX- zw\ kam-]vt\m-Xn-\-bZm ImamXv
{]ap-NytX
kth-jWm hn\nap--OnXzm Xw\vXpw
_[y-tX-C-Xyp-]-\n-jXv
21. X]-n-\m bmsXm-cm Nns Pbn-p, Abm
i_vZ-c-ln-Xa
- mb GIm {]tZ-iv Ccpv \nw-K\
- mbn
tbmKw A`y-kn--Ww. ]Xp-s--Xps \nc-t]--\p-am-
bn-o-c-Ww.
22. lwkw Fs\ iMy-sbt\y BIm-i - n ]d-p-
p, AXp-t]mse Cu A`ym-k-m Fm _-\-fpw
apdnv _-\a- p--\mbn kwkmcw XcWw sNm\pw
km[n-pw.
23. hnfp sIp Ign-bp-tm AXnse Fbpw In
1 KW-]-Xyp-]-\n-jv
imn]mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWpbmatZhm `{Zw
]iyam`ncyP{Xmx nssccwssKx kvX pjvSp
hmw kkv X \q`n hytia tZhlnXw bZmbpx
k zk v X n\ C t{ m h r {i h mx k zk v X n\ x
]qjmhnizthZmx kzkvX n\kvXmtym AcnjvS
t\anx kzkvX nt\m_rlkv]XnZ[mXp.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
tZhmsc, R ImXpIfm ip`w {ihnpamdm-
Is. IpI sImv awKf Zins. _enjvTfmb
AwKfm \nsf kvXpXnm\nShcs. As\
tZhm Rv \nbnnpff Bbpp apgph\pw
R A\p`hns. Ionam\mb C{ Rv
awKfacpfs khPvR\mb ]qj Rfv awKfw
{]Zm\w sNs. A{]Xntcm[yKXnbmb KcpU R-
v awKfw Xcs. _rlkv] Xn Rv \ssI-
hcps.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. lcn Hmw \akv t X KW]Xmtb Xztah
{]Xyw Xzakn. Xztah tIhew Imkn.
N P
428
\in-p-p. AXp-t]mse Imcy--sfmw \nh-lnp Ign-
K
bp-tm hyn-{_--n hnebw {]m]n-p-p.
24. {]mWm-bm-a-n XovW-am-bn-o Hmm-c-cq-]-amb
hmbve- bm sshcm- Ky- am-Ip In Dcv aq Iqnb
a\-n-\m
kwkm-c-am- Ip kq{Xw apdnv tbmK- th-m-hmb a\p-
jy\v ]noSv _-\ - n s]Sm-\n-Sh - c- m Ah--
bp-m-Ip-p.
25. Ftm Ah Ima-\-If - n \nv ap-\m-Ip-p.
Gj-Wm-c-ln-X\ - m-Ip-p. Ftm Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-
p. Cs\ kwkm-cs tOZnv Abm _-\c - -ln-
X-\m-Ip-p. Ima-cl- n-X-\-ambn `hn-p-p.
pcn-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
Xztah tIhew [mkn. Xztah tIhew
lmkn. Xztah khw JeznZw {_mkn. Xzw
kmm Zmmkn. \nXyw EXw, hNvan, kXyw,
hNvan.
lcn Hmw `Khm KW]Xnv \akvImcw. ApX
sbmWv Imhpw [mhpw Imhpw ApXs
bmWv \nXy\pw B kzcq]\pw Rm EXw ]dbpp.
2. Ah Xzw amw, Ah hmcw Ah t{imXmcw.
AhZmXmcw, Ah[mXmcw, Ahm\pNm\ahin
jyw, Ah ]mmXv, Ah ]pckvXmXv, Ah
tNmcm\mXv , Ah ZnWmmXv Ah
tNm[zmmXv, Ahm[cmmXv, khtXm amw
]mln, ]mln kamXv.
Av Fs cnmepw hmhns\ cnmepw
t{imXmhns\ ZmXmhns\bpw [mXphns\bpw A\qNm\
s\bpw injys\bpw cnmepw ]na `mKp\npw
]qh`mKp\npw Dc `mKp\npw Fs
cnpI. apIfn \npw Xmsg\npw Fs cn
pI. Fm `mKp\npw Fs cnpI.

I 3. Xzw hmMvabkvXzw Nnbx Xzam\abkvXzw
{_abx Xzw knZm\mZznXotbm f kn Xzw
{]Xyw {_mko. Xzw m\atbm hnm\
atbm fkn.
Av hmMvab\pw Nnb\pw B\ab\pw BWv.
Av {_abhpw knZm\kzcq]hpw GI\pw AZzn
Xob\pamWv. ApXsbmWv m\hnm\ab\pw
{]Xyamb {_hpw.
4. khw PKZnZw Xztm PmbtX khw
PKZnZw XzkvXnjvTXn. kw CKZnZw Xzbn
{]tXyXnx Xzw `qancmt]f\temf\ntem \`xXzyp
NXzmcn hmIv ]Zm\nx Xzw KpW{XbmXoXx Xzw
I me { X bmX oX x X zw tZ l {X bmX oX x X zw
aqe m [ mc nt X m fk n \ n X y w. X zw i n-
{XbmIx Xzx tbmKnt\m[ymbn \nXyw Xzw
{_m, Xzw hnjv W pkvX zw cp{ZkvX an{kv X a
nkvXzw hmbpkvXzw kqcykvXzw N{amkvXzw.
{_`q`qhkphtcmw.
Cu PKtmmw An \npmIpp. temI
samw An nXn sNpp. Cu temIw An
hnebw {]m]npp. kIetemIhpw ApXs Ap
]rYnbpw, Pehpw, Anbpw, hmbphpw, BImihpw
BWv. \mep hmIv]Zfpw AmWv. Av KpW{Xbm
XoX\mWv; Ime{XbmXoX\mWv; Ime{XbmXoX\mWv .
tZl{XbmXoX\mWv Fpw Av aqem[mcnX\mbn
`hnpp. Av in{XbmI\mWv.tbmKnI \nXyw
Asb [ym\npp. Av {_mhpw, hnjvWphpw,
cp{Z\pw, C{\pw, Anbpw, hmbphpw, kqcy\pw,
N{\pamWv. `px`phx kzx cq]nepff app temIhpw
Hmmckzcq]amb ]c{_hpw AmIpp.
5. KWmZnw ]qh apmcy hmZnw XZ\cw
A\pkzmcNx ]cXc AtpeknXw XYm
XmtcWbptaXtZh a\pkzcq]w.
BZy "K' Fpcnv "A' FpcnWw. AXn\p
tijw A\pkzmcw DcnWw. C{]Imcw A\pkzmc
m AewIrXamb "Kw' XsbmWv AbpsS _oPa
{kzcq]w. Fsm AN{ cq]n Hmw Imcw
AhcpamWtm.
6. K I mc x ] q h c q] w A I mtc ma[ y ac q] w
A\pkzmcmycq]w _npcpccq]w. \mZx
km\w kwlnXm knx sskjm KtWio
hnZym KWI Ejnx \nNrZvKmb{XoOx {ioalm
KW]Xn tZhXm Hmw KwKW]Xmtb \a GI
Zmb hnZvatl h{IXpWvUmb [oaln. Xtm
Zo {]tNmZbmXv.
N P
429
KImcw ]qhcq]hpw AImcw a[yacq]hpw A\pK
kzmcw Aycq]hpw _np Dccq]hpamIpp. \mZw
km\hpw kwlnX knbpamIpp. CXmWv KtWi
hnZyp. CXns Ejn KWI\pw Ov \nNrZvKmb{Xnbpw
tZhX almKW]XnbpamWv. Hmw KW]Xmtb \a
GIZmb hnZvatl h{IXpWvUs\ R [ym\n
pp. KPm\\ \apv t{]cWbm \Is CXmWv
KtWi Kmb{Xn.
7. GIZw NXplkvXw ]miapi [mcnWw
A`bw hcZw lkvssX _n{ZmWw
aqjI [zPw
8. cw ewt_mZcw iqkpIw
chm kkw
cKm\pen]vXmwKwc]pjv ss]x
kp]qPnXw
`m\pIn\w tZhw PKXv ImcWaNypXw
Bhn`qXw N krjvSymZu {]IrtXx
]pcpjmXv]cw
Ghw [ymbXn tbm \nXyw k tbmKotbm
Kn\mw hc.
GIZ\pw, NXplkvX\p, ]mimpi[mcnbpw,
lkvXfn A`bhcap{Z [cnh\pw, ewt_mZc\pw,
ch\pw, aqjI [zPapdw t]mse henb sNhnbp-
ffh\pw, cmw_c[mcnbpw, cN\w ]qinbh\pw,
c]pjv]fm AewIrX\pw, `m\pInbpw,
hnizn\v ImcW`qX\pw, \miclnX\pw krjvSns.
Bcw`n Xs Dmbh\pw {]IrXn]pcpjmXoX\pw
Bb {ioKtWis\ \nXyw Nnnp tbmKn khtbm
KnIfnepw shv t{ijvT\mbnocpp.
10. Xtam hmX]Xtb \tam KW]Xtb \tam
KW]Xtb \ax
{]Ya]Xtb \akvtXkvXp
ewt_m Zcm ssbIZmb hnLv\ hn\mint\
inhkpXmb {iohcZaqtb \tam \ax
hmX]Xnv \akvImcw KW]Xnv \akvI mcw
{]Ya ]Xnv \akvImcw. ewt_mZc\v \akvI mcw
GIZ v \ak v I mcw hcZaq nbmb KtWi\v
\akvImcw. inh]p{X\v \akvImcw. hcZaqnv
\akvImcw.
11. GXZYhintcm tbm [otX k {_`qbmb
I ev] tX .kk h h nL vs s\ . \ _m[ ytX
kkhXx kpJta[tX k]alm ]mXtIm]
]mXImXv {]apNytX. kmba[obmt\m cm{Xn
IrXw ]m]w \miXn. kmbw {]mXx {]bpRvPmt\,
A]mt]m `hXn. [m Imatamw N hnXn.

I AYh incmWnXv. CXv A[ymb\w sNph
{_ {]m]vXnv A[nImcnbmIpp.Ah\v bmsXmcp
hn[ambn hnLv\hpw _m[Ia. Ah kh{X kpJn
bmIpp. ]alm]mXIfn \npw D]]mXI
fn \npw Ah ap\mIpp. sshInv CXv A[yb
\w sNbvXm ]Ies ]m]w Xocpw. {]`mXn
sNmnbm cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \inpw {]`mXnepw
kypw P]nm ]m] clnX\mIpw CXp sNmp
hp [mImatam \mepw e`npp.
12. CZ aYhiojainjymb \ tZbw tbm bZn
tamlmXv ZmkyXn kx]m]obm `hXnx
injy\mh\v Cu AYhintcm a{w Zm\w
sNcpXv. Da injyt\ sImSpmhq. tamlmthi
m As\ sNph ]m]nbmbnocpp.
13. kl{kmh\mZyw bw Imaa[otX Xw
Xat\\ km[tbXv At\\ KW]Xna`njnXn
k hmo `hXn, NXpyma\iv\ P]Xn k
hnZymhm `hXn. CXyYyma\iv\ P]Xn
k h n Z y mh m `h X n. C X y Y h W h mI y w
{_mZym NcWw hnZymXv. \ _nt`Xn IZmNt\.
tbmZqhmpsscbPXn kssh{ihtWm]tam
`hXn. tbmemssPbPXn k btimhm `hXn.
kta[mhm `hXn. tbm tamZI kl t{kW
bP X n k hm nX X ^ e h mh m] v t \ mX n bx
kmPykanZ v ` nbPXn kkhwe`tX. khw
1 Kcp-tUm-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irW-bma tZhm `{Zw-]-
tiy- a m- - ` ncy P{Xmx nssc- c w- s sKkv X p
jvSphmwk kvX\q-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvXn-\k - vXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXnt\m _rl-kv]-XnZ [mXp. Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-IsImv ip`w tIp-
N P
430
e`tX AjvT \ {_mW karKv{KmlbnXzm K
kqcyhkzn `hXn kqcy{KtlW alm\Zymw
{]Xnam kn[u hm P]vXzmknat{ `hXnx
almtZmjXv {]apNytX. khhnZv`hXn. kk
hhnZv `hXn. bGhwthtZXy]\njXv. lcn Hmw
XXv kXv.
Bbncw Dcp Cu a{w P]np ]w kIe
B{Klfpw km[npp. Cu a{m KW]Xnv
A`ntjIw sNbvXm Ah hmnbmIpw, NXpo
Z nh k w D ]k h k n v C u a { w P ] n p h
]WvUnX\mIpsav AYhWap\n ]dbpp. Cu a{w
P]nv X]v sNbvXm Ah\v `bapmIn. IdpI
sImv CXp]tbmKnv KW]Xnv bw sNph
Ipt_cs\mw [\hm\mIpw emsImv bmKw
sNbvXm bikznbmIpw. Bbncw tamZIw sImv tlmaw
\Snbm B{Kln Imcyw km[npw. s\pw
NaXbpw sImmbm kIeknnbpw DmIpw Fp
{_mWsc Cu a{w bYmh[n ]Tnnm Ah
kqcyXpeyw tXPkznbmcpw. kqcy{KlW Ln
GsXnepw alm\ZnbpsStbm, hn{Klnstbm
ASpncpv Cu a{w P]nm a{knn ssIh
cpp. C s\ A \pj v T n p km[I F m
hnLv \ fn \npw hnap \mIpp. C s\
Adnbph khPvR\mIpp. Cs\ D]\njv.
KW]tXym]\njv kam]np.
3
am-dm-I-tW. Ip-I sImv awK-fa - m-b-Xp-Im-Wp-hm-\n-S-
h-c-tW. _en-jvT--fmb AwK- sImv \nsf
kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpv A\p-`-hn-m-\n-S-bm-ItW. AXn-Ion-am-\mb
C{ Rv \ sN-tW. kh--\mb ]pjmhv
Rv \ sN- t W. kh- -\ mb ]pjmhv
Rv \ sN- t W. kh- -\ mb ]pjmhv
Rv awK-f-a-cp-ft- W. A{]-Xn-tcm-[-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U
Rv awKfw {]Zm\w sN-tW. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx

I 1. lcn Hmw. Kcp-U-{_ hnZymw {]h-ym-an. bmw|
{_m hnZymw \mc-Zmb t{]mhm-N. \mctZm |
_rl-Zvtk-\mb _rlZv tk\x C{mb Ct{m
`c-Zzm-Pmb `c-ZzmtPm Poh-XvIm-ta`yx intjy `yx
{]mb-Xv!! Akymw {io alm-K-cpU {_-hn
Zymbmx {_m Ejnx Kmb{Xo O {io`-K-hm |
alm-K-cptUm tZh-Xm. {io alm-K-cpU
{]nXyt |
aa kIe hnj-hn-\m-i-\mt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx
Hmw \tam `K-htX AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax |
{io alm Kcp-Umb X-\o`ymw kzmlw
]o-{mb |
a[y-amw`ymw hjvSv, {io hnjvWp h-`mb
A\man Im`ymw |
lpw, ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw|
hujvSv. D{K-`b- -c
- -Im-em-\e - -Ic |
- -cq-]mb Ic-Xe
]rjvTm-`ymw-^-Sv. Ghw lrZ-bm-Zn-\ymkx |
Zp`p-hk- ztcm anXn ZnKv_x
lcn Hmw. Kcp-Us\ kw_-n-p {_ hnZy
]d-bmw. Cu hnZy {_mhv \mc-Z-\pw, \mc-Z _rlXv
tk\-\pw, _rlXv tk\ C{-\pw, C{ `c-Zzm-P\ - pw,
`c-Zzm-P Poh-XvIm-am-injympw D]-tZ-inp sImSp-
p. Cu alm-Kc - pU {_ hnZy-bpsS Ejn {_mhpw
Ov Kmb-{Xn-bp-am-Ip-p. tZhX {io`-K-hm alm-Kc
- p-
U, Kcp-Us\ {]oXn-p--Xn\v Fs kIe hn[ hni-
\m-i-n-\mbpw P]n-m\pw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-p.
Xmsg Fgp-Xn-bn-p a{- sImp AwK-\ym-
k\w sN-Ww.
Hmw \tam `K-htX ........ AwKp-jvTmb \ax
{ioa-lm-K-cp-Umb ............. XP-\o`ymw kzmlm.
]o{m ............ a[y-am`ymw hj-Sv.
{iohn-jvWp-h-`- mb ....... A\m-an-Im-`ymw-lpw.
ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb .... I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw
huj-Sv.
D{K-`b
- -c Imem-\e cq]mbx .......... Ic-Xe Ic-
]r-jvTm`ymw ^Sv
CtX {]Imcw lrZbw incv inJ IhNw t\{Xw
Fn-h-bm \ymkw sNbvXv hujSv sN-Ww. `q`q-h-
kztcmw sImv ZnKv_
- -\hpw sN-Ww.
[ym\w
1. kzkvXntIm ZnWw ]mZw hma ]mZw Xp
IpnXw |
{]mRvP-eo-Ir-Xt- Zmbpw KcpUw lcn h`w
N P
431
2. A\tm hma IStIm b-kq{Xw Xp K
hmkpInx |
XIx ISn-kq{X Xp lmcx ImtmS DNytX
3. ]Zvtam ZnW It Xp alm-]-ZkvXp
hmatI |
iwJx incx {]tZ-iXp Kpfn-IkvXp `pPm-tc
4. {]uU-Im-fn-I\ - m-Km`ymw Nma-cm`yw kpho-PnXw|
Gem-]p-XvI\ - m-KmssZyx tkhy am\w apZm-\znXw
5. I]n-emw Kpcp-w kph kZri {]`w |
ZoL-_mlpw _rlXv kvIw \m`m-cW
`qjnXw
6. BPm-\pXx kphm-`-am-IWvtTm kvXpln\x
{]Zw |
Ipp-am-cpW amIWvTw iX-N-{-\n-`m-\\w
7. \oem-{K-\m-knIm ]{w kap-l - mcp
IpWvUew |
ZwjvS m-Ic
- m-f-h-Z\w Inco-Sa
- -Ip-tSm-zew
8. Ipp-am-cpW khmwKw It-p-[h - m-\w |
- f
hnjvWp-hm-l\ akvXp`yw taw Ipcp kZm-aa
apI-fn sImSp [ym\-tm-I- Kcp-Us\ [ym\n-
p-sImv {i-tbmsS sNmt--Xm-W.v
9. Ghw [ymtbXv {Xnk-ymkp KcpUw
\mK-`q-jWw |
hnjw \mi-btX io{Lw Xpe-cm-in-an-hm-\ex
Cs\ aqp kyIfnepw KW `qj-W-\mb Kcp-
Us\ [ym\n-p-I. An-]-n-s-n-s\-sb t]mse
AXv kh hnj--tfbpw ian-n-pw.
a{w
Hmw \tam `KhtX {ioa-lm-Kc - p-Umb ]o-
{mb hnjvWp-h - -`mb ss{Xtem-Iy-]-cn-]q-Pn-Xmb
D{K - ` - b - c I me m- \ - e - c q- ] mb h {P - \ - J mb
h{PXpWvUmb, h{P-Z - m-b, h{P-Zw-jv{Sm-b, h{P-
]p- m- b , h{P- ] - m- e - n- X - i - c o- c mb Hmao- t I-
tlyln {ioa lmK-cpUm {]Xn-im-k\ - m-kvan-m-hn-
i. hni-Zp-jvSm\mw hnjw Zqjb Zqjb kv]rjvSm-
\mw. \mib \mi-b, Z iq Imw hnjw Xmcb
Xmc-b. {]eo\w hnjw {]Wm-i-b, {]Wm-ib - , kh-
hnjw \mi-bm, \mi-bm, l\, l\, Zl Zl, ]N
]N `kvao-Ipcp `kvao-Ip-cp, lpw ^Sv, kzmlm. N{-
a-WvU-ek - m-MI - m-i, kqcy-a-WvUe apjvSnI ]rYzo
aWv Ue ip{`mwK {ioa-lm-K-c p-Umb hnjw lc
lc lpw ^Sv kzmlm, Hmw n]-kzmlm Hmw. kN-
cXn kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImcn hnjmWmw {]hn-
j-cq-]nWn hnj-Zq-jnWn hnjtimjnWn, hnj-\m-

I in-\n, hnj-lm-cn-Wn, lXw hnjw \j-ASw hnj-
ax {]eo\w hnjw {]\jvTw hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{ZW kzmlm.
Hmw \tam `K-htX alm-K -cp-Um-b. hnjvW p-
hm-l\ - mb ss{XtemIy ]cn-]q-Pn-Xm-b, h{P-\J
- h
- -
{P-Xp-WvUmb h{P-]- m-ew-IrX ico-cmb Gtjy-
ln, alm-K-cp-U-hnjw Onn, nn, Bth-i-bm-
th-ib lpw ^Sv kzmlm. kp]tmkn Kcp-Um-
{Xnhrt intcm- K m- b{Xw Np-k vt Xma
Bm kmatX X\q hma-tZhyw _rl-{Z-Ym-tc
]u bm-b-nbw ]pw, Omw-kym-Km-\n,
[mjvWnbm i^m bPpwjn \ma; kp]tm kn
Kcp-mZn-hw, K-kphx ]X Hmaow, {_ hnZym-
a-am-hm-kybmw ]uW-am-kym. ]ptcm-hm-N. kN-cXn
kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco hnj-\m-in-\o, hnj-Zq-
jn-Wo, hnj-lm-cn-Wo, lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
{]\jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{P-W hnjw lXw
tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
XX-kv{Xbw bZy-\ IZq-tXm kn
bZn-hm\ Ix |
kzbw kN-cXn kN-cXn XXv Imco-a-XvImco |
hnj-\m-in\n hnj-Zq-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw |
hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX |
{_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzml
bZn hmkpIn ZqtXm kn bZn hm hmkpIx
kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\n |
hnj-Zq-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw lX
am{ky |
ht{PW hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky
ht{PW kzmlm bZn hm XIx kzbw
kN-cXn |
kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj
ZqjnWn lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky |
ht{PW hnjw lXw {_Wm hnj-an-{Zky
ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn ]ZvaI `qtXmkn bZn hm ]ZvaIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-`q-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw |
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
hnjan-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
N P
432
bZn-Itm-S-I-ZptXm kn bZn hm K
Itm-S-Ix-kzbw
kN-cXn kN-cXn Xmco aXvImco hnj-\m-in\n
hnj-ZqWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky
hPvtdW hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky
hPvtdW kzmlm.
bZn alm ]ZvaI `qtXm kn bZn hm
alm-]-ZvaIx kzbw |
k NcXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-Zq-jnWn lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw |
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
hnj an{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn iwJ-IZ- q-tXmkn bZn hm iwJIx kzbw
k NcXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj-\m-in\o |
hnj-`q-jnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw hnjw
lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_W hnj an{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn KpfnI ZqtXmkn bZn hm KpfnIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImco aXvImco
hnj \min\o |
hnj-`q-jnWn hnj-lm-cnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw
hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw tX |
{_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn ]uWv{U Imen-IZ- qtXmkn bZn hm
]uWv {U |
ImenIx kzbw kN-cXn k NcXn XXvImco
aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj-`q-jnWn hnj
lmcnWo lXw |
hnjw \jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw|
lXw tX {_lvWm hnj an{ky ht{PW
kzmlm.
bZn \mKI ZqtXmkn bZn hm \mKIx kzbw |
kN-cXn kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImcn hnj |
\min\o hnj-Zq-jnWo hnj-lm-cnWo lXw
hnjw |
\jvSw hnjw lX-an-{ky ht{PW hnjw lXw|
tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW kzmlm.
bZn eqXm\mw {]eq-Xm\mw bZn hrn-Im\mw bZn|
 433
I tLmS\m I\mw bZn mhc PwK-am\mw
kN-cXn |
kN-cXn XXvImcn aXvImco hnj-\m-in\o hnj
ZqjnWo lXw hnjw \jvSw ]nw |
lX-an-{-ky- h-t{PW hnjw lXw tX
{_Wm |
lX-an-{tky ht{ZW kzmlm.
A\ hmkpIn XI Imtm-SI ]ZvaI
alm-]-Zva-I |
iwJI KpfnI ]uWv{U-Im-enI \mKI
CtXjmw |
Znhym\mw alm-\m-Km\mw alm-\m-KmZn cq]mWmw|
hnjXp-WvUm\mw hnj-Z-m\mw hnj
Zwjv{Sm-Wmw. hnjmw-Km\mw hnj-]p-m\mw hniz-
Nm-cmWmw |
hrn-Im\mw eqXm\mw aqjn-Im-\mw |
apjp-ImWmw Krl Kufn-Im\mw Krl-KuWn
Im\mw Krl-tlm-[n-Im\mw {LW-km\mw |
Krl-Kn-cn-K-K-K-lz-c-Im-em-\e hevao-tImZv
`qXm\mw |
]m\mw ImjvS-Zmcp hr-tIm-Sm-c - m\w
aqe-XvKvZmcp \ncym-k-]{X ]pjv]-^t- emZv `qXm\mw
ZpjvS IoS I]n-izm\ amZ-Pm-c-Ppw-_pI hym{L
hcm-l mWmw Pcmbp PmWvU x PmZv` n tkzZ-
Pm\mw ikv{X-_mW kvt^mS-{hW alm-{h-W-Xr-
Xm\mw Ir{Xn-am-W-am-at\yjmw `qX-th-Xmf Ipivam-
WvU-] n-imN t{]X cmk b `b {]Zm\mw
hnj-X pWvU ZwjvSmWmw hnjmw-Km\mw hnj-] p-
1 Kt`m-]-\n-jv
Hmw. k l\ mh hX p. k l \u `p\ p .
klhocyw Ichmhl. tXPkzn\mh[oXakvX p
am hnZznjmhssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w Rsf cpt]scbpw cns. AXv
R cpt]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cpt]cpw
IgnhpI t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w tXPkznbmIs.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
N P
m\mw hnjmWmw hnj- c q-] nWo hnj- Z q-j nWn K
hnjtimjnWo hnj-\m-in\o hnj-lm-cnWo lXw
hnjw \jvSw hnjw Ax-{]-eo\w hnjw {]\jvSw
hnjw lXw tX {_Wm hnj-an-{ky ht{PW
kzmlm.
Fm {]Im-c-n-ep hnj-_m-[bpw AI-m-\p-X-
Ip a{-amWv apI-fn sImSp-n-p--Xv. `n-tbmsS
CXp P]nv sh-tamXn Hgp-p-Itbm `kvaw P]nv AXv
]pc-p-Itbm sNmw. efn-X-am-I-bm a{--fpsS Aw
{]tXyIw Fgp-Xp-n-.
b Camw {_ hnZym-a-amhm kzmbmw ]tS-rWp|
bmZzm bmh-ohw \ lnwkn km.
AjvSu |
{_m-Wm {KbnXzm XrtW\ tamN-tb-Xv. |
iXw {_m-Wm {Kl-bnXzm Npjm
tamN-tb-Xv. |
kl{kw {_m-Wm {Kml-bnXzm a\km |
tamN-tbXv km Pte \ ap-n XrtW \
apn |
Imtj-T\ apo XymK `K-hm {_tXyp
]\n-j-Xv. lcn Hmw XXv kXv.
Cu {_ hnZysb Aam-hmkn Znhkw A[y-b\w
sNp-h
- s\ PohnXw apgp-h\pw kw ISn-p-Ib
- n-.
Fp {_m-Wv D]-tZ-in-m XrWw sImpw \qdp
{_m-Wsc ]Tn-n-m Ip-I sImpw Bbncw
{_m-Wsc ]Tn-n-m a\-p-sImpw hnj-_m-[b - -I-
phm km[n-pw.
Kcp-tUm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
Hmw. ] m I w ] h am\ w
jUm{ibw jUvK pW tbmKbpw. tX k]vX
[mXpw {Xnanew Zzntbm\nw NXp hn[mlmcabw
i c oc w `h X n. ] m I k anX n. I k vamX v
]rYnhoIm B]xInw tXPx tIm hmbpxInam
ImianXy kvan ]mtI icotc X{X bXv
ITn\w km ]rYnho b{Zhw Xmx B]x b ZqjvWw

I XtPx bXv kcXn k hmbpx bXv kpjnX
XZmImiw CXypNytX. A{X]rYnho [mctW
B]x ]nWvU oIctW tXPx {]Imit\ hmbp
hyqtl\ BImiahImi {]Zmt\. ]rYKv t{im{X
i_vt Zm ]e_v[u XzIvkv]ti Npjo cqt]
Polzm ckt\ \mknIm {LmtW D] B\
t\ A]m\x DtK _p[ym _p[yXn a\km
k e v ] bX n h m N m h Z X n. j U m {i b anX n
Ikva mXv a[pcm ehWXnISp Ijmb ckm
hnXoXn. jUvP Ej` Kmmc a[yw ]a
s s [ h X \ nj mZ m t X oj v Sm \ nj vS i Z z
kwmx {]Wn[m\m Zpihn[ `hn.
Cu icocw ]mIamIpp. Apw hm-
am\fpw BdmatXv B{ibphpamWv. Bdp
KpW Ggp [mXp aqp tZmj cp tbm\n-
I Ch tN icocw \mep Xcnepff BImcfm
]cn]pjvSamIpp. ]rYnhn, Pew, hmbp, BImiw,
tXP, Ch tNcpXn\m ]mIsap ]dbpp.
Chbn ITn\XXzamWv ]rYnhn; XcfXXzw Pew, DjvW-
ambXv, tXPv, kcnpXv hmbp, kpjncamXv
BImiw, Cu XXzfpsS kz`mhw ]dbmw. [cnpI
FXmWv ]rYnhnbpsS XXzw, HcnSmpIbmWv Pew
sNpXv; {]Imiw \Ip tXPns [w;
]Zmsf AXmXp \nebn DdnpI, hmbphns
[w; CS\IpI BImins [hpw C{nb-
sf kw_nmsWn sNhn i_vZw {Klnpp;
sXmen i_vZw A\p`qXampp; Iv ImWnpXcpp,
\mv kzmZdnbnp, aqv aWw \Ipp. KpZw
hnk\Iw sNpp. hmKn{nbw kw`mjWw
\Spp. a\v Nnnpp. _pn m\w {]Zm\w
sNpp.
a[pcw, Ibv ] v , F cnhv , ] pfn, Dv , C s\
Bdpck tZlw D]tbmKsSppp. jUvP w,
Ej`w, Kmmcw, a[yaw, ss[hXw, \njmZw, Cs\
Ggp kzc, CjvShpw, A\njvShpw {]Wn[mImchpw
tafnv i_vZ BIjIamIpp.
2. iptm cx IrjvtWm {Zqam {]oXx I]ne
]mmc CXn k] v X [mXpI anX n Ik v a mXv
bZ mtZ h Z k y {Z h y mZ n] n j bm P mbtX
]ckv]cw kuay KpWXzmXv jUznt[m ctkm
ckmtOWnX timWnXmmkw amwktt`m
taZ k x k v\ mb h x k v\ mb p t`y m A o\ n
A t`yma m a mXx i p{Iw i p{Itim
W nX k wtbmK m Z mh tX K t`m l r Z n
hyhmw \bXn lrZtbcmn Anm t\
]nw ]nmt\ hmbp hmbptXm lrZbw
{]mPm]XymXv {IamXv
N P
434
Ggp \ndfpv . shfpv, Npav, Idpv, a,
K
I]new, ]mpcw, {[qaw tZhZ Fp t]cpff
Hcph\v t`mKyhnjb e`npp. Ah\v Bdp
ck B k z Z n m k m [ n p p . h nh n[
]Zmfm ckw DqXamIpp. ckn \nv
cw, cn \nv amwkw, amwkn \nv taZv,
taZn \nv kv\mbp, kv \mbphn \nv An,
Anbn \nv a, abn \nv ipw Ch
DmIpp. a\pjytZlw Cu Ggv [mXpfm
cq]wsImffpp. ]pcpjs iphpw kv { XobpsS
timWnXhpw tNv K`apmIpp. Cu [mXp
sfmw lrZbfmWv. Ah Xs Acmn
\nnpp. AnbpsS m\v ]nw \nesImffp
p. ]nns m\v hmbp, hmbphn\m lrZbw
{]hnsSpp.
3. EXpImte kw{]tbmKm tZIcmt{XmjnXw
_pZv_pZw `hXn A amkm`ytc ]ntm
`hXn amkm`ytc ITnt\m `hXn am\Zztb\
incx kZytX amk{XtbW ]mZ{]tZtim `hXn
AY NXpt am tk Kpev^ PTc ISn {]tZimx
`hn ]taamtk ]rjvThwtim `hn jjvtT
amtk apJ\mknImn t{im{XmWn `hn
AjvSta amtk kheW kqtm `hXn
]nXqtctXmXntcImXv ]pcptjm amXq tctXmXn
iImXv kv{ Xo D`tbm_oP XpeyXzm]pwk
tIm `hXn hymIpenXa\tkm AmJRv P m
I p _ v P m h ma\ m `h n A t\ y m\ y h mbp
]cn]oUnX ip{I ssZzj[ym\p kymtXm
bpm {]Pmbt ]mIx kax ka
]mnIm tNXkm _pnKckmZnm
\mcmtaImcwNnbXo XnXtZXtZIm cw
mXzmjvSu {]rXm tjmUi hnImcm icotc
Xsskyh tZln\m AYam{XminX ]oX\mUokq-
{XKtX\ {]mW B]ymbtX AY \hta amkn
kheWm\IcW kw]qtm `hXn
]qhPmXn kvacXn ip`m ip`w N I hnZn
EXp kabv DNnXamb coXnbn K`[m\w
\Sm ip timWnX Hcp cm{Xn sImv
IeeamIpp. Ggp cm{Xn sImv _pZv_pZamIpp.
]Xn\p Znhkw sImv ]nImcamIpw. Hcp amkw
XnIbptm ITn\ambnocpw cpamkw sImv
Xebpw aqpamkw sImv Imepw DmIpw. \men
appI hbdv Ac ChbpmIpp. An ]pjvTw
\sv, Bdn hmbv aqv , sNhn, IpI Ch Ggmw
amkn Pohkv]\tmsS ]pjvSnsSpp. Fn
]cn]q icocw cq]wsImffpp. ipns A[nI
Xbn kv { Xo{]PbpamIpp. cpw Xpeysan
\]pwkIamIpw. kwt`mKmhkcnse at\mhymIpeX

I km\w Iq\t\m apSt\m _[nct\m BIm ImcW
amIpp. hmbphn\m ip timWnX t`ZnsSp
tm Ccbpw apw DmIpp. {ItaW ]t{nb
fpsS hnImkhpw {KlW inbpw iniphn\v e`npp.
{]Wh Nn\w km\ns DXnv ImcWambn
`hnpp. amXmhv Ignp `Wn \nv cq]w
sImv hfcp inip Xr]vXn \Im DXIpp. H]
Xmw amkn inip mt\{nbmZnI tNv
]qX {]m]npw. Atm AXn\v ]qh PkvacW-
bpmIppv . ip`mip`It_m[w iniphn\p
DmIppapv.
4. ]qhtbm\n kl{kmWn Zrjv Szm ssNhX
tXm abm Blmcm hnhn[ `pm ]oXm \m\mhn
[mx kvX\m PmXssh arXssh Phn[mx
kvX\mPmXssh P ssNh ]p\x ]p\x bbm
]cnP\kymt IrXw Atlm ZpxtJmZ[u
atm\ ]iyman {]Xn{Inbmw Im ip`mip`w
GImIo tX\ Zt]ymlw KXmkvtX ^e t`mKn\x
bZn tbm\ym {]aptNylw XXv {]]tZy atlizcw
XXv {]]tZy \mcmbWw Aip`b Imcmw
^e apn {]ZmbIw bZntbm\ym{]aptNylw XXv
kmwJyw tbmKa`ytk Aip` b Imcw
^eapn {]ZmbIw bZntbm\ym {]aptNylw
[ymtb {_ k\mX\cx AY tbm\n Zzmcw
k w{]m] v t Xm bt{ W m] n[ y amt\ m alX m
ZpxtJ\ PmXam{X kvXp sshjvWth\ hmbp\m
kwkv]rjvS kvXZm \ kvacXn PacWm\n \ N
I ip`mip`w hnXn
B Ln hbdn \np ]pdp hcm
XpSp Pohn Xm ]e P hlnXmbpw `n
tbm\nIfn s]hcpsS ape IpSnXmbpw kvacnpp.
]e {]hiyw P\np. ]e {]mhiyw acnp. As
]e ip`m ip` Ifpw Hmpp. GXmbmepw
Rm\ntm ZpxJkap{Zn BgpIbmWv. CXn \nv
IcIbdms\mcp amw ImWpn. hfm F\nv
kXv I sNWw. atlizcs\ icWw {]m]n
Ww. hnjvWphns\ B{ibnpIbpw kmwJymZn tbmK
tXSpIbpw thWw. {_ m\ e_v[ npw
{iantXpv. Cs\ ]e Nnbnepw sRcpn
inip ]pdp hcpp. Fm `qanbnseptm
ambmPmem IgnsXmpw HmbnmXmIpp.
Xm K`n InS Imcysa Hpw Hmm
Ignbm \nebnemIpp.
Q
N P
435
5. icoccanXn IkvamXv A tbmly{X {inb K
t m\mn Zi\mn tImjvTmncnXn X{X
tImjvT mn\mam inX ]oXtf ly tNmjyw
]NXn Zi\mo cq]mWmw Zi\w ItcmXn
m\mn ip`mip`w N I hnXn {XoWn
m\m\n `h n aptJ B lh \obw DZ tc
Kml]tXym lrZnZnWmn BmbPat\m
at\m {_ tem`mZbx ]ithm [rXn Zom
ktmj _po{nbmWn b ]{XmWn
lhowjn It{nbmWn incx I]mew tIim
Z`mapJa thZn NXpjvI]mew incx tjmUi
]mizZ ]Sem\n k]tXmcw aiXw
kmioXn Iw kn iXw k\hIw kv\mbp iXw
kv]X incmiXm\n ] am iXm\n Ao\n
N l ssh {XoWniXm\n jjvToxkmt{km
tcmamWn tImteym lrZbw ]em\yjvSu ZzmZi
]em Pnlzm ]n {]w I^kymipIf
IpUp]w taZ{]u Zzmh\nbXw aq{X ]pcojam
lmc ]cnamWXv ss]emZw tam imkv{Xw
ss]emZw tamimkv{XanXn
Cu tZl]ns icocsav FpsImv
]dbpp?ImcWw, CXn Pv R m\mn, Zi\mn
PTcmn Cs\ aqv AnI IpSnsImffpp.
tZln AnIp aqp m\ \onsh
npv. apJv Blh\obmn DZcn Kml]
Xymn lrZbn ZnWmnbpwCu tZlw b
kzcq]amIpp CXn BmhmWv bPam\, a\v
{_mhv, tem`mZnI _enarK, ss[cyw ktmjw
XpSnbh ZoI mt\{nb lhnv, incv,
I]mew, tIiw Ch Z`, apJw, AthZn, incv,
NXpjvI]mew, Z]wnI tjmUi I]me, \qn
F]Xv knI, \qn Ggv a m\, \qn
H]Xv kv\mbp, Ggp\qdp RcpI Aq
aI, apqn Fv AnI, C{Xbpw icocn
epv. tcma \mectmSnbmWv lrZbw Fp]ew,
Pnlz ]{p]ew, ]nw, CSgn, I^w \menSgn,
ipw \mgn, taZv cnSgn Chbp ]pdsa,
Blmcns ]cnWmaa\pk cnv aeaq{X fpw
icocnepv. Cu ]cnWmaw A\nbanXamWv. Fm
hcnepw Hcpt]mseb, Cu imkv{Xn\v tam
imkv{XsamWv t]cv ]nemZ F ap\nbmWv CXv
shfnhmnbXv.
Kt`m]\njv ]cyhkm\np.

I K
1 Kmb{Xo D]-\n-jv
{]Ya JWvUnI
GX-kva GXXv hnZzmw kta-Im-Z-im- cw
auev Keyw mthm ssat{Xtbm `ymP-Km-a .
GIm-Z-im auevK-eys ASpv mh-ssa-t{X-b
sNp.
Xw Xkvan {_-Ntcy hk-XoXn hnm-
tbm-hmN; Inwkzn acym Abw Xu-evKtey
t[yXn. bZ-kvan {_-Ntcy hk-Xo-Xn.
auevK-ey {_-Nm-cnsb Iv Abm tI-
hn[w ]cn-lmk kzc-n ]dp: "auevKe- y
Cu {_-Nm-cnsb FmWv ]Tn-n-p-Xv?'
Xn auev K -e y- k ym-t -h mkn ip{im-h . k
BNm-cy-am-{h-P ym-N -Nt- .
auevK-eys {_-Nmcn CXp-tIv Xs BNm-cys
ASpv sNv ]d-p.
Zp[o-bm\w hm Abw `h athm NtZym
ba-Zym-Xn-Yn `h-Xn.
Av AXn-Yn-bm-Wtm Asb Atlw aqV- s\v
]d-p.
Inw kuay hnZzm-\ nXn? "Abm hnZzm-
\mtWm?' auev Key tNmZn-p.
"{Xo thZm {_qtX t`m' CXn.
AsX, aqp-th-Z-fpw sNmp--h-\mWv injy ]d-
p.
Xky kuay tbm hnZzm hn]jvt Sm hnPn-
iotjm t hmko Xw ta Blz-tb-Xn.
kuaym hnZzm\pw kqva-a- dn-bp--h\pw hnPbw B{K-
ln- p--h -\ p-a mb At-l- ns injy-\ m-s W- n
Abmsf Fs ASp-tbvv Iqn-sm-p-hc - q.'
XamPp lmh. Xa-`yp-hm-Nm-km-[znXn t`m CXn.
Atm Abm Ahs\ hnfn-p-hc
- p-n. ]d-p:
"Cbm- fmWv?'
Inw kuay tX BNmtcym At[yXn?'
auevK-ey Abm-tfmSv tNmZnp: "kuay, \n-fpsS
BNm-cy FmWv ]Sn-n-p-Xv?
aqp thZ-fpw sNmpp Fv.
N P
436
3
bp Jep kuay-a`n: kth thZm apJtXm
KrloXm IYw N Gh-am-Nmtcym `mjtX IYw \pa tNXv
kuay Zpc-[o-bmt\m `hn-jy-Xn, bB-Nmtcym _me-{_--
Nmco {_-Nm-cnWw kmhn{Xo {]ml CXn hy-Xn.
kuay: Abm AX-dn-bp-s-n BNm-cy {_-
Nm-cnv D]-tZ-inp sImSp-p-Xv kmhn-{Xn-bm-Wv. Kmb-
{Xn-bpsS qe-amb i_vZm-amWv Dcp-hn-Sp-X - v.
XXzw {_qbmXv Zpc-[o-bm\w Xw ssh`-hm-uev
Key-a-thm-NX kXzmw b {]iv\ -a-{]m-o Xw
hymN\x ]pcm kwh--cm-Zm-Xn-hm-cb
- n-jy-ko-Xn.
A-s\-sb-n \n ]d-bWw Xm R-
fpsS BNm-cy-\mb auevK-eys\ aqV-\m-sWv ]d-p.
Xm-tfmSp tNmZn tNmZy-v adp-]Sn ]d-bm Ign-
bp-n Fn Hcp sIm-n-\Iw {]bm-k-ap-m-Ipw.
injvSm injvtS`y Gh `mtj-c. tb l tb
\ alw {]iv\ w ]rman \ Xw hnh- yXn \
tly\ at[y-Xo-Xn.
tl kuaym R Fm thZ-epw ]Tn-n-p-v.
B \nebvv \n-fpsS BNm-cy Fs aqV-s\p
]d-bp-s- X-mWv? tbmKy-m-tcmSv tbmKy-m Cs\
]d-bp- Xv DNn- X- amtWm? Rm tNmZn- p tNmZy- v
icn-bmb Dcw ]d-bm Ign-bp-n-s-n Atlw ]Tn-
n-p- n- m-bn-cn-pw.
k l auev Keyx kza-t - h m-k n- \ - a p-h mN
]tckn kuay m_ ssat{Xb ap]m-ko-X, A[o-
lt`m kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo NXphn-iwXn tbm\n
ZzmZi anYp\mw bkymw `rKzw-Kn-c-k cykymw
kh-anZw {inXw hmw `hm {]m{_q-ho-Zn-Xn.
Atm auevK-ey Xs {_-Nm-cn-tbmSv ]d
p:...."kuaym, \o t]mIq. mh-ssa-t{X-bs ASp-p-
sNv ]{p anYp-\ - fpw Ccp-]-n-\m-ep-tbm-\n-I-fp-
amXpw `rKphpw AwKn-cpw t\{X- -fm-bn- p- Xpw kI-
e-Xn\pw B{i-b-hp-amb kmhn-{Xnsb Rsf ]Tn-n-
tW Fv ]d-bp-I.
ZzoXob JWvUnI
k X{X PKma bt{X-Xt- cm-h-`q-Xv. Xw l
{]{] kl \
auZvKe
- ys injy ssat{X-bs ASp-p-sNv

I tNmZn--tm At-l- n\v Dcw \Im Ign-
n-.
Xw tlmhmN Zpc-[o-bm\w Xw ssh `hm
auZvKe
- y-a-thm-N kXzmb {]iv\X
-
- o {XXw
hythm Nx ]pcm kwh--cm-Zmn amcn-jy-ko-Xn.
Abm ]dp: "Av auZvK-ey aqV-\m-sWv
]d-p. Atlw Xm-tfmSp tNmZnp; Xmv AXv
]d-bm Ign-n-s-n Hcp sImw hfsc {]bmkw
A\p-`-hn-tn hcpw?
k l ssat{Xbx kzm\-t-h m-k n\ DhmN
bYmw `htm b Krlw bYm at\m hnkr
Pymw Zpc-[o-bm\ hm Alw auZvKe- ya thmNmw
k b {]iv\ -a-t{]m-o-\Xw hythmNw Xap-ss]-
jyman imnw Icn-jym-ao-Xn.
Atm ssat{X-b Xs injvm-tcmSv ]dp
"Ctm \n kzw CjvS-{]-Imcw X-fpsS hk-Xn-
I-fn-tebvv Xncnp t]mhp-I. Rm auZvK-ey aqV-\m-
sWv ]d-p. Fm Atlw Fp tNmZnp AXn-
\p-cw ]d-bm F\nv Ign-hn-. Rm At-l-ns
ASp-sn At-ls im-\m-pw.'
k l ssat{X-bx {]mXx kanXv ]mWn auZ
Key ap]-kk
- mZ Aku h Awl t`m ssat{Xb
CXn. Ina-an-Xn.
ASp Znhkw {]`m-X-n ssIbn Na-X-bp-ambn
ssat{X-b auZvK-ey-ap-\n-bpsS ASp-p-sNp ]dp:
"ssat{X- b-\mb Rm Asb kam-{i-bn-m-s\- n-b-Xm-
Wv.'
"Fn\v?' Atlw tNmZnp
Zpc-[o-bm\w hm Alw `h--a-thmNw h am
b {]iv\a {]moX Xw hythmNw Xzmap-ss]-jym-
an. imnw Icn-jym-ao-Xn.
ssat{X-b ]dp: Rm Av aqV-\m-sWv
]d-bp-Ib
- p-m-bn, Av tNmZn--Xn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bm
F\nv Ign-n-. Rm A-b psS ASp-s n
Ctm Asb kam-[m-\n-n-p-I-bm-Wv.'
k tlmhmN A{X hm Dt]Xw N khw N
IrXw ]m]-tI\ Xzmw bmt\\ Nc-a- mlpx AtYm
h aa Ieym-WkvXw tX ZZman tX\ bmloXn
auXv Key ]dp: "Xm ChnsS hp; Bfp-
I ]d-bp-Xv kua-\k - y-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-. An-hnsS
h-sX-m-Wv. Fnepw Rm `hy-ambn A-tbmSv s]cp-
am-dp-p. AXp kzoI-cnv Av Xncnsb t]mhp-I.'
k tlmhmN GX-tZ-hm-{Xm]n Nm\p-ikyw NbYm tlyj An-kvXXv ]rYn-ho. b{X ssh ]rYnho
`hm-\mlw D]-bm-an- tXzh `h--an-Xn. ssat{X-b ]dp: XZ-n-cnXn GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
N P
437
Av ]d-Xv A`-bm--Ihpw kXy-hp-am-Wv. Rm K
Asb tkhn-p--Xn\v kanXv ]mWn-bm-bn-mWv hn-
p--Xv.'
X lo tX Ymb
(A-tXmsS Atlw hn[n-]qhw D]-Nm-c- sNbvXp.)
tlmt]Xy ] {]O
(A-Spp sNv tNmZn-p)
Inw hnZm-lpt`m khn-Xp htcWyw `tm
tZh kyI-hbx Inamlpx [ntbm hnN bZnXmx
{]thXy {]tNm-Z-b khnXm ]tc-Xn.
1. khn-Xm-hns htc-Wy-am-bn-p-Xv Fm-sW-mWv
]d-bp- Xv?
2. B tZhs `w FmWv?
3. Adn-bm-sa-n "[o' F-Xns XXz-sa-m-sWv ]d-
bp-I. AXns\ t{]cn-np sImm-Wtm khn-Xmhv Ncn-
p-- Xv.
Xkvam GXXv t{]mhmN Atlw Dcw sImSp-p.
thZm- - mwkn khn- X ph- t cWyw `tm
tZhky Ih-tbm--am-lp. ImWn [nb kvXZp
tX {_hoan {]tNm-Z-b khnXm bm`n-tc-Xn.
1. thZ-fpw O-p-amWv khn-Xm-hns htc-Wy-am-bn-
p- -Xv.
2. Adn-hp--h A-s-bmWv tZhs `-sap ]d-
bp- -Xv.
3. Iw Xs-bmWv B [o XXzw AXn-eqsS t{]cW
\In-sm-mWv kqcy Ncn-p--X.v
Xap-]-kw-Krly ]{]-m-[oXn t`mx Ix khnXm ImKm-b-
{Xo-Xn.
AXp-tIv hopw Atlw tNmZn-p. khn-Xmhv
FmWv? Kmb{Xn Fv?
XrXob JWvUnI
a\ Gh khnXm hmIv kmhn{Xn b{X tlyh
a\-kvXZ- zm-Iv. b{X ssh hmIv X\ CXn GtX
th tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
a\-mWv khn-Xm-h.v hmIv kmhn-{Xn. a\-p-n-Sv
hmp-v. hmp-n-Sv a\-p-v. Ah cpw cp
tbm\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Wv.
An-tch khnXm ]rYnho kmhn-{Xo. b{X-

I An khn-Xm-hm-Wv. ]rYzn kmhn-{Xn. An-bp-n-S-
Xv ]rYzn-bp- v. ]rYzn-bp-n-Sv An-bp-v. AXv cp- sshkvX\bnXv\p-kvXZ
tbm-\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Wv.
hmbp-tcJ khn-X m, A-c ow kmhn-{Xo,
b{X tlyh hmbp-kvX-Z-c- ow b{X hm A-
cow XZzm-bp-cnXn GtX tZz tbm\o GI anYp-
\w.
hmbp khn-Xm-hm-W v. A-cow kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS hmbp-hpv AhnsS A-co--ap-.v Ah cpw
tbm\nbpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
BZnXy Gh khnXm Zyux kmhn{Xo b{X
tlyhm-Z nXy kvX kv a mXv Zyux b{X ssh Zyu
kvXZm-ZnXy CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
BZn-Xy khn- Xm-hm-Wv. tZymhv kmhn-{Xn-bpw. FhnsS
BZn-Xy-\p-v. AhnsS tZymhp-v. cpw cp tbm\n-
Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
N{am Gh khn-Xm. \-{XmWn kmhn-{Xn.
b{X-t lyh N{-am-k vX- - -{Xm-W n. b{X ssh
\-{XmWn X-{am CXn GtX tZz tbm\o GI
anYp-\w.
N{ khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. \-{X- kmhn-{Xnbpw.
FhnsS N{-\pv AhnsS \{X--fp-v. \-{X-
Dn-Sv N{-\p-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp anYp-
\-hp-am-Ip-p.
Al Gh khnXm cm{Xnx kmhn{Xn b{X tly
hml-kvXZv cm{Xnx b{X ssh cm{Xn-kvX-Z-l-c nXn
GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
Znhkw khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. cm{Xn kmhn-{Xn-bpw. ]I-
ep-n-Sv cm{Xn-bp-apv; cm{Xn-bp-n-Sv ]I-ep-ap-v.
cpw cp-tbm-\n-Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
DjvW -t ah khnXm ioXw kmhn-{Xn. b{X
tly thmjvW w XoXw b{X ssh ioXw XZp-
jvW-anXn GtX tXz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
DjvWw khn-X m-h m-I p-p. ioXw kmhn-{Xn-b pw.
FhnsS DjvWa - pv AhnsS ioX-ap-v. FhnsS ioX-ap-
v, AhnsS DjvW-hp-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
A{`- t ah khnXm hjw kmhn{Xn b{X
tlyhm{`w XZzjw b{X ssh hjw XZ{` anXn
GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
taLw khn-X m-h m-I p- p. hjw kmhn-{ Xn-b pw.
FhnsS taL-apv AhnsS hj-W-ap-v. FhnsS hj-
W-apv AhnsS taL-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
N P
438
hnZyp- t Zh khnXm kv X \- b nXv \ px. b{X K
- zn-Zzp-ZnXn GtX tZz tbm\o
GIw anYp-\w.
hnZypv khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXns tLmjw kmhn-
{Xn-bpw. FhnsS an-epv AhnsS i_vZa - p-v. FhnsS
CSn-ap-g--apv AhnsS an-ep-v. cpw cp tbm\n
Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
{]mW Gh khn-Xm. Aw kmhn-{Xn. b{X
tlyh-{]m-W-kvXZ-
- w. b{Xhm Aw XXv {]mW
CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
{]mW khn-X m-h m-Ip-p. Aw kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS {]mW-\pv AhnsS A-ap-v. FhnsS A-
apv AhnsS {]mW-\p-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
thZm Gh khnXm Omwkn kmhn{Xn. b{X
tlyh thZm-kvX--mw-kn. b{X ssh Omwko
XtZzZm CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
thZ- khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. AXns tLmjw kmhn-
{Xn-bpw. FhnsS an-ep-v AhnsS i_vZa - p-v. FhnsS
CSn-ap-g--apv AhnsS an-ep-v. cpw cp tbm\n-
Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
{]mW Gh khn-Xm, Aw kmhn-{Xn. b{X
tlyh-{]m-W-kvXZ-
- w. b{Xhm Aw XXv {]mW
CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
{]mW khn-X m-hm-Ip- p. Aw kmhn{Xnbpw.
FhnsS {]mW-\pv AhnsS A-ap-v. FhnsS A-
apv AhnsS {]mW-\p-v. cpw cp tbm\n-Ifpw Hcp
anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
thZm Gh khnXm Omwkn kmhn-{Xn. b{X-
tlyh thZm-kvX--mw-kn. b{X ssh Omwko
XtZzZm CXn. GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
thZ- khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. O-p-I kmhn-{Xnbpw
FhnsS thZ--fp-v, AhnsS O-pIfpv. FhnsS
O-p-I-fpv Ahn-sS thZ--fpw. cp cp tbm\n-
Ifpw Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
b Gh khnXm ZnWm kmhn{Xn b{X
tlyh b- k v X Zv ZnWm kmhv X nc b{X
tlyh bPvR-kvXZv ZnWm b{X ssh ZnWm
XZy CXn GtX tZz tbm\o GIw anYp-\w.
bw khn-Xm-hm-Ip-p. ZnW kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS b-apv AhnsS Zn-Wb - p-v. FhnsS Zn-
W-bpv AhnsS b-hp-ap-v. cpw cp tbm\n-I-
fmWv; Hcp anYp-\-hpw.

I s F X - mk vs s a X Z zn- Z zmw- k - t am- ] - I mc o
amkkvXp {_-Nmco tX kwnX CXn.
hnZzm\pw ]tcm-]-Im-cn- bp- amb alm-cm- Pm-hmb Asb
tkhn-p-X- n\v Cu {_-Nmcn hp tNn-cn-p-p.
AssYXw B kwkvXp-cm-Nn Gh NntXm-
_-`qh AtYm-mb {]mhm-Po-Zn-Xn.
Cu {_ Nmcn A-bpsS ASp-sn m\
]q-\m-bn-on-cn-p-p. AXn-\p-tijw Atlw
AhnsS \nv t]mbn.
GXZzm Alw thZ ss\Xmkp tbm\n-tjzX
GtXt`ym hm anYp-t\`yx kw`-htXm {_-Nmco
aa ]pcp-bpjx t{]bm-Zn-Xn.
]ns Atlw ]dp: "Ctm Rm\Xv a\vk-
kn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cu tbm\n-If
- ntem Cu anYp-\--
fntem IS-p-h Fs Hcp {_-Nm-cnbpw Aev]m-bp-
m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
NXp JWvUnI
{_ tlZw {inb {]Xn-jvTm-am-b-X\
- s
- sa-X
X-sskyIm bZn XXv {_qtX ntbXv XXv
ktXy {]XyXn-jvT-Xv.
{_ {io{]-Xn-jvTm-b-X\
-
- Ip. X]p sN-
Ww. Xt]m-{hXw [cn-p ]w kXy-n\v {]Xn-jvT-
bp-m- Ipw.
k khnXm kmhn{Xym {_mWw krjvSzm
XXv kmhnt{Xm ]cy-Z-[m-Xv.
B khn-Xmhv kmhn-{Xn-bn \nv {_m-Ws\
krjvSn-p. kmhn-{Xnsb hf-p.
XXv khn-X q htcWyw CXn kmhn{Xymx
{]Yax ]mZx
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS Hm-as ]mZw "XXv khn-X q
htcWyw' Fm-Wv.
]rYnho ENw ka-[m-Xv.
ENm Anw, An\m {inbw {inbm kv{Xnbw
kv{Xn tbm anYp-\w. anYp-t\\ {]Pmw. {]Pbm I
IWm X]x X]km kXyw. ktXy\ {_m
{_Wm {_m-Ww. {_m-tW\ hvXcw. {htX
\ssh {_mWx kw intXm `h-Xn. Aiqt\ym
`h-Xn. Ahn-ntm `h-Xn.
]rYzn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ens\ tbmPn-np. En-t\mSv
An-s b, An-t bmSv {iosb, {iotbmSv kv{Xosb,
kv{XotbmSv anYp-\s; anYp-\-tmSv {]P-sb; {]P-bm
Is ; I - m X]- ns\; X]- n- \ m
N P
439
kXys; kXy-m {_m-hns\; {_m-hn-\m K
{_m-Ws\; {_m-W-\m {hXs; {_m-W {hX-
m Xs XovW\ - m-bn-o-cp-p. ]q\pw Ahn-
n-\
- p-am-bn- o-cp-p.
Ahn- ntm ky Xp- c -h n- nw Poh\w
`hXn b Ghw htZXv bsshw hnZzm-t\-ht- aXw
kmhn{Xymx {]Yaw ]mZw hymNjvtS
bmsXm-cm Cu hn[w Adn-bp-p, Adnv AXns\
th hn[-n hymJym-\n-pp; Abm-fpsS hwihpw
Pohn-Xhpw Ahn-n--am-bn-o-cp-p.
]a IWvUnI
`tm tZhky [oa-loXn kmhn{Xymx ZznXobx
]mZx
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS cm-as ]mZw "`tm tZhkym
[oaln' Fm-Wv.
A- c o- t W bPpx ka- Z - [ mXv bPpjm
hmbpw hmbp\m A{`w, At{`W hjw htjW
Huj[n h\- k v] - X o, Huj[o h\- k v ] -X o`ox
]iq, ]ip`ox I, IWm X]x, X]km
kXyw, ktXy\ {_m-W m, {_mWw {_m-
tW-\, {hXw {htX-\. ssh {_mWx kwintXm
`h-Xy-hn-ntm `h-Xn.
A-co--m bpv kpkw-Ln-S-X-am-Ip-p.
bpth-Z- m hmbp-hns\; hmbp-hn-\m taLs;
taL-m hjs; hj-m Huj[n h\-kv]-Xn-
Isf Hmj-Zn-h-\k
- v]-X-I-em Pp-sf; Pp--fm
{]h-\-sf; {]h-\ - -fm X]-ns\; X]-n-
\m kXys; kXy-m {_s; {_-m
{_m-Ws\; {_m-W-\m {hXs; {hX-m {_m-
W XovW\pw Ahn-n-\ - p-am-bn-o-cp-p.
Ahn-n-tmky Xp-ch- n-nw Poh\w `h-
Xnb Ghw htZXv bsshw hnZzm- t\-h - taXw
kmhn{Xymx {]Yam ]mZw hymN-jvtS.
bmsXm-cm Cs\ CX-dn-bp-p, Adnv Cs\
th-hn[w hymJym-\n-p- p. Abm Xs hwi-sbpw
Xsbpw Ahn-n--am-p-p.
jjvT IWvUnI
1. "[ntbm tbm \x {]tNm-Z-bmXv CXn kmhn{Xymx
XrXobx ]mZx
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS aqm-as ]mZw "[ntbm tbm \x
{]tNm-Z-bmXv' Fm-Ipp
Znhm kma ka-Z-[m-Xv, kmav\m BZn-Xyw, BZn-
tXy\ civao, civan`nx hjw, htjW Hmj[n
 440

I h\-kv]-Xo, Hmj-[n-h-\-kv]-Xn`yx ]iq, ]ip`nx A`n-]-hpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; C{-\m

K
I IWm X]x, X]-km kXyw, ktXy\ {]mW A`n-]- hpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; {]mW-
{_, {_Wm {_m-Ww, {_m-tW\ {hXw, \m a\v A`n-]-\-\hpw a\-n-\m hmv A`n-] - hpw
{htX\ ssh {_mWx kwintXm `h-Xy-iqt\ym {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-am-Ipp; hmn-\m thZ-
`h-Xy-hn-NvOntm `h-Xn. Ahn-ntm ky Xp- A`n-]fpw {Kkn-X-fpw ]cm-hr-jSv --fp-am-Wv. thZ-
a-hn-nw Poh\w `hXn b Ghw thZ bsshw -fm bw {]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-hr-jvS-hp-am-
hnZzm- t \- h - t aXw km- h n- X ym- k v X r- X obw ]mZw Wv. C-s\-bp m\w Dsmp--h-cn ]{p
hymNjvt S alm-`q-X
- {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p. Ch-bn b-amWv
kh-t{i-jvTw.
Zyptem-It- mSp IqSn kmas tbmPn-n-p-p.
kma-tmSv BZn-Xys\; BZn-Xy-t\mSp civa-Isf; civan-I- X l kvssa Xtah hnZzmwkm a\ytX hnssZy-
tfmSv hjs; hj-tmSv Hmj-[n-h-\-k] v -Xn-Isf; Hmj- \-anXn bYm XYyw hnZzmwkx
[n-h\
- k
- v ]X
- n-Isf arK--tfmSv; arK-sf I-tmSv;
Rv b-s-n Adn-bm-sav Nnn-p
Is X]-n-t\mSv; X]- ns\ kXy- tm-Sv; kXys
hnZzmam ]ecpw AX-dn-bp-n-.
{_-tmSv; {_s {_m-W-t\mSv; {_m-Ws\
{_-{h-XtmSv; {hX-m {_m-W XovW\pw Abw btm thtZjp {]Xn-jvTnXx thZm
]q-\p-am-Ip-p. Ahs hwiw Ahn-n--am-Ip-p. CXv hmNn-{]-Xn-jvTn-Xmx, hmMv a\kn {]Xn-jvTn-Xm, a\x
a\-n-emn kmhn-{Xn-bpsS XrXob ]mZs hymJym-\n- {]mtW {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, {]mtWm Au {]Xn-jvTn-
p--h Xs hwi Pohn-Xs Ahn-n--am-p-p. Xx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, `qanx c]vkp {]Xn-
jvT n-Xx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jv Tn-Xw, `qanx c]vk p
k]vX -a-I -W vUnI {]Xn-jvTn-Xx, Aw `qau {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, `qanx c]vkp
tX\ lhm Ghw hnZqjm {_m-tW\ {_m- {]Xn- j vT n- X m, Bt]m-t Pym-X njn {]Xn-j vT n-X mx,
`n-]w {KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw. tPymXnhmbu {]Xn-jvTn-Xm, hmbp-cm-Imti {]Xn-
jv Tn-Xx, BImiw {_Wn {]Xn-jvTn-Xw, {_
kmhn- {Xn-bpsS aqp ]Zfpw Adn-bp {_m-W hnZn {]Xn-jvTn-Xw.
{_-{]m-]vX\pw {Kkn-X\pw AXn-\m ]cm-ar-jvS-\p-am-
Ip-p. tbm l hm Ghw hnXv k {_-hn-Xv, ]pWyw
NIonw e`- t X, kpc`ow Km. tkm
{_Wm BIm-k - a -`n- ] w {Kkn- X w, ]cm- ]lX ]m]va m A\mw {inb am]vt\m-X n. b
arjvSw BIm-ti\ hmbp-c-`n-]tm {Kkn-Xx, ]cm- Ghw thZ bsshw hnZym-t\-h-taXmw thZm\mw
ar-jvSx, hmbp\m tPymXn-c`- n-]tm {KknXx ]cm- amXcw kmhn{Xow k-Z-ap-]\
- n-jZ ap]mkvX CXn
arjvSw `qaym--a-`n-]w {KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw, ]cm- {_m-W w.
arjv Sx tPymXn-jm-am-t]m-`n-]tm {Kkn-Xx, ]cm-
arjvSmx AZv`n`qan At\ {]mtWm-` n-] tm Cu bw thZ- n {]Xn-jvT n-X -am-W v. thZw
{KknXx ]cm- a rjv S x {]mtW\ at\m`n]w hmn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - m-Ip-p. hmv a\-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-
{KknXw ]cm-ar-jvSw, a\km hmK-`n-]m {KknXm am-Wv. a\v {]mW-\n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Wv, {]mW A-
]cm-arjvSmx! thssZbtm A`n-hx {KknXx n {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - m-Ipp; Aw `qan-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-
]cm-arjvSx Xm\n lhm GXm\n Zzm Zi alm `qXm- am-Ipp; `qan Pe-n {]Xn-jT v n-X-am-W.v Pew tXP-n
t\yh hnZn {]Xn- j v T n- X m- \ n. tXjmw b - {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- mWv; tXPv hmbp-hn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - mWv;
kvtXjmw ]cm[yx hmbp BIm-i-n {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-p. BImiw {_-
n {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - mWv; {_-th-mhv {_m-W-\n
{_-m BImiw {]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm- {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - mWv; CX-dn-bp {_-m\n ]pWyhpw
ar-jvS-hp-am-Ip-p. BIm-i
- m hmbp {]m]vXhpw {Kkn- Ionbpw t\Sp-p. kpc-`ne Kw {]m]n-p-p. B
Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; hmbp-hn-\m tPymXnv A`n-]- hyn ]m]-lo-\-\mbn A\--amb sFiz-cys {]m]n-
hpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm- ar-jvS-hp-amWv; tPymXn-n-\m Pew p- p.
{]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-amWv; Pe-m ]rYzn
{]m]vXhpw {Kkn-Xhpw ]cm-ar-jvS-hp-am-W.v `qan-bm Aw Kmb{Xn D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N P

I K
1 Kmb-{Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv 3
Hmw kzkvXknw Hmw \tam {_tW Hmw
\akv I rXy bmhev I yx Ejn kzbw `phw
]cn]rXn\ tl {_, Kmb{Xym DXv] nw
t{imXpanman AYmtXm hknjvT x kzbw`phw
]cn]rnXn tbm {_ k {_tmhmN {_
mt\mXv ]t {]IrXnw hymJymkymax tIm
\ma kzb`px ]pcpj CXn tX\mwKpeoaYyam\mXv
kenea`hXv kenemXv t^\mXv _pZv_pZa`hXv
_pZv_pZmZa`hXv AmXv {_m A`hXv
{_ tWm hmbp c`hXv h mtbm c nc `h Xv
AttcmwImtcm`hXv HmmcmXv hymlrXnc`hXv
hymlrXym Kmb{Xym kmhn{Xy `hXv kmhn{Xymx
kc kzXy `hX v kc kzX ymx k th thZ mx
A`h kth`ymx temtI`yx khm temImx
A`h ktht`ym temtI`yx kth {]mWn
t\m `hXv
Hmw awKfw `hns. kIepw knnbpmIs.
{_mhn\v \akvImcw. bmhevIy kzbw `qhnt\Sv
tNmZnpp. Kmb{Xn Fs\bpmbn? Atlw
]dp. ""{_m\ns Dev]nbmWv, {]Ir
XnbpsS BZnImcWsav ]dbsSpp.BcmWv
kzbw`px? AtX ]pcmW ]pcpj Xs. Atlw hncev
IpSv Pes Dev]mZnp. Pen\nv t^\ap
mbn.t^\n \nv _pZv_pZw, _pZv_pZn \nv
Aw,An \nv {_mhv, {_mhn \nv
hmbp,hmbphn \nv An, Anbn \nv Hmmcw,
Hmmcn \nv hymlrXn, hymlrXnbn \nv
Kmb{Xn, Kmb{Xnbn \nv kmhn{Xn, kmhn{Xnbn \nv
kckzXn, kckzXnbn \nv kIe thZfpw, kIe
thZfn \npw kIe temInsebpw PohnIfpw
Dmbn.
AYmtXm Kmb{Xo hymlrIm hymlrXbx
Inw `qx Inw `phx Inw al Inw P\x Inw X]x Inw
kXyw khnXp Inw htcWyw Inw Z Inw
tZhky Inw [oaln Inw [nbx Inw bx Inw
{]tNmZ\bmXv Hmw `qcnXn `qthm temIx `phx
CXycotemIx kzcnXnkztemIx al CXn
altemIx P\ CXn Pt\m temIx X] CXn
Xt]mtemIx kXyanXn kXy temIx XZ]n
bZ k u tX tP mabx tX tP m f n tZ h X m
khnXpcnXn khnXm khnXm kmNn{X amZntXym
ssh htcWyan{X {]Pm]Xnx `CXymt]mssh
N P
441
`x tZhky CXot{m tZh tZymXI CXn k
C{kv X kv a mXv kh]pcptjm\mXx cpt{Zm
[oalnXycmm [nb CXycmm lcx b
CXn kZm inh ]pcpjx \x CXy kvamIw kz
[t {]tNmZ bmZnXn {]tNmZnX Ima Cam
temIm {]Xym{ibtX b ]tcm [ CtXyjm
Kmb{Xo
As\ Atln \nmWvKmb{Xnbpw hymlr
XnIfpw {]hnIfpw {]hnXambXv.
Kmb{Xn FmWv? hymlrXnI GsXmsbmWv?
A{]Imcw `px `phx kzx alx P\x X]x kXyw
XXv khnXpx htcWyw `x tZhky[oaln [nbx
bx \x {]tNmZbmXv CsXms Fv? ChbpsS kzcq]
sav?
Dcw `qx FXv `q temIns hmNIamWv. `ph
FXv BImins, kzx kztemIns alx
altemI ns P\x P\ temI ns, X]x
Xt]mtemIns kXyw kXy temIns XXv
FXv tXPkznbmb AntZhs khnXp kqcys,
htcWyw {]Pm]Xnbmb {_mhns `w Pens
tZhky tXPkznbmb C{s [oaln FXv t{]cW
bvpff CbpsS tZymXIamWv. Npcpn Kmb{Xn
kIe temInsbpw tZhXIfpsSbpw {]XoIamWv.
km N I nwtK m{Xm IXy cm IXn] Zm
IXnIpnb Im\n iojmWn kmwJymtKm{Xm
km N Xn hnwi Xycm Kmb{Xo {Xn]mZm
NXpjv ] mZm ]p\kv X kymXzmc ]mZm jSv
IpnIm ] iojmWn `hn tI N ]mZm
Im Ipb Im\n iojmWn EtKztZmkymx
{]Ya ]mtZm `hXn bqthtZm ZznXobx ]mZx
]qhm ZnIv {]Yam Ipo`hXn ZnWm ZznXob
Ipn `hXn ]na XrXobm Ipn `hXn
Dcm NXpo Ipn `hXn A[xjjv T o
Ipo `hXn hymIctWmky {]Yax iotjm
`hXn inm ZznZobx Iev ] kv I rXnbx \ncp-
Xpx tPymXn jmkb\anXn ]ax Ix
ZnIv tImhx Inamb X\w Ix kzcx Inw
eWwIm\ycssZhXm\n tI Ejbx Im\n
Omwkn Im ibx Im\nX Xzm\n tINmhbhmx
]q hmbmw`hXp Kmb{Xo tizXm kmhn{Xo
Irjv W m kckzXn ]rYnhycow tZymcm-
bX\m\n.

I AXns tKm{XtaXmWv? AXv F{X Acapff
XmWv? AXn\v F{X ]mZamWv? F{X Ipnbpv?
AXns iojw aq[m\n m\ Ch Gh?
Dcw AXv kmwJymb\ tKm{Xn s]XmWv. Ccp]
n\mev AcfmWv AXn\pffXv. Kmb{Xn aqp
]mZhpw \mep]mZhpw DffXmWv. \mepw Bdpw Ipn
Ifpw Av incpw AXn\p.v
]mZ GXv, IpnI GXv, incv Gh?
EtKzZamWv AXns Hmas ]mZw. bpthZw
cmasXpw kmathZw aqmasXpw AYhthZw
\memasXpw ]mZamWv ]qhZnv Hmas Ipn.
ZnW Znv cmas Ipn, DcZnv \memas
Ipn, BImiw Amas Ipn, Xmsg `qan
Bdmas Ipnbpw
hymIcWamWv AXns BZys incv, in
cmasXv , Iev]w aqmatXv, \ncpw \mema
sXv, tPymXnjw AmasXv.
GXv Znn GXp \ndn AXns A[njvTm{Xn
Ifmb tZhXI \nfsmffpp? AhbpsS hnkvXmc
sav? kzcw eWw Ch GXmWv? BcmWv A[njvTm
XtZhn? EjnI Bcv? Ov Fv? inI GsX
mw? GXp XXzamWv? Ahbhtfh?
Kmb{Xn ]qhZnnsXmWv. \ndw NphmWv, heXp
hiv kmhn{Xn AXns \ndw shffbmWv, ]Snmdv
kckzXn AXns \ndw Idpv, [ym\amWv A\pjvtTbw
]rYnhnbpw BImihpw kzhpamWv AXns
hnkvXmcw \nhmk m\hpw.
AImtcmImcaImc cqt]mZmmZn kzcm
nIm khm kym lwkhmln\o {_o
a[ y am h r j `h ml n\ o amtl i zc o ] nam
KcpUhmln\o sshjvW ho ]qhmImenIm
k y m K mb{X o I p amc o c m c mwK m
c h m k n\ o c ame y K m\ p te ] n\ o
]mimpim amemIaep lkvX m lwkm
cpVm {_ssZhXym EtKzZ kwlnXm BZn
Xy]Y Kman\o `pthm temtI hyhnXm
kmbw kym kckzXo hym Irjv W
K ameym\pte]\m iwJ N{IKZm`b lkvXm
Kcp UmcqVm hnjv W p ssZhXym kma thZ
klnXm B ZnXy ]Y Kman\o kz temI
hyhnXm
AXv AImc DImc cq]hpw DZmmZnkzcmmI
hpamWv.
{]mXx Imeo\ kymcq]nWnbpw lwkhmln\n
N P
442
bpw {_kzcq]nWnbpamWv. a[yamkym hrj hmln
K
\nbpw ickzcq]nWnbpamWv. kmbwImeo\ ky
KcpUmcqVbpw hnjv Wpkzcq]nWnbpw NXp`pPbpw
iwJN{ImZn [mcnWnbpamWv
]qhmImenI kybmb Kmb{Xn Ipamcnbpw
chbpw Nph amebpw apw [cnhfpw Nph
amebpw apw [cnhfpamWv. ]miw, Apiw, Iaep,
Aame Ch [cnpp. lwkmcqVbmWv. {_mZn
tZhkzcq]nWnbpw EtKzZ klnXbpw kqcyamn
kcnphfpw ]rYznbn \nhknphfpamWv.
a[ym ImenI kybphXnbpw kzbpw shff
\ndapffhfpw shfpN\hpw shfpamebpw
[cnphfpw {XnipeUacpI[mcnWnbpw Imfpdv
k n phfpw cp{Zm[n tZhXbpw bpthZ
kw_n\nbpamWv. kqcyamn kcnpp.
BImin \nesImffpp.
kmbwImeo\ ky kckzXnbmWv. {]mbw sN
hfpw Idpame tNhfpw iwJN{IKmZmZnI [cnv
KcpUhmln\nbpambn hncmPnpp. hnjvWphmWv A[n
ssZhw. kmathZbpbpw kqcyKman\nbpw kzn
\nhknphfpamWv.
A nh mbp k qc y c q] m B l h \ ob
Kml]Xy ZnWmn kzcq]m Zq`ph kzcnXn
hymlrXncq]m{]mX a[ym XrXob kh\m
nIm kXzcPkvXtamKpWnnIm Pm{KXvk z]v\
kpjp]v X cq]m hkpcp{ZmZnXy cq]m Kmb{Xo
{XnjvSp]v PKXo cq]m {_ ic hnjvWp.
cqt]mPmRm\ incq]m kzcmUv hncmUv
{_`hXn {]Yamtbw ZzXobw {]mPm]Xyw
XrXobw kuayw NXpmaoim\mw ]aamZn
Xyw jjvSw Kmln]Xyw k]vXaw a{ajvSaw
`KhssZhXw \haamcyaWw Ziaw kmhn{Xta
ImZiw Xzmjv Sw ZzmZiw ]ujvW w {XtbmZi
ssa{mw NXp
ao\ a\yX ]aw `mhw jjvTw imn
eyw k]vXaw temlnX ajvSw sshjvWhw \haw
i mX m X ] w Z i a w k \ X vI p amc taI m Z i w
]u{Iw ] ZimXXpw tj mUi w Zi mw
Imiy]ajvSma amt{Xb tatIm\ hnwiaume
ItaI hniwamwKnkw Zzmhnwiw \ma tIXp
auevK eyw NXphnwiamwKnkyw sshizml{X
anXm {]XycmWm ZrjvStbm `hn.
Cu Kmb{Xn An hmbp kqcycq]hpw Blh\obw
Kml]Xyw `Ww Cu hn cq]hpw Ev bpkv
kmaw Cu cq]nepffXpw BWv `qx `phx kz Ch
hymlrXncq]hpw {]mXx Imew a[ymw kmbmw Cu

I cq]nepffXpw kXzcPkvXtamKpWsf {]Xn\n
[m\w sNpXpw {_ihnjv Wpamsc eyamn
bXpw Kmb{Xn PKXn {XnjvSpv Cu OpI Dsm
ffpXpw {_abhpamIpp.
Kmb{XnbpsS Hmas Acw AntZhs\bpw,
cmasXv {]Pm]Xnsbbpw,apmasXv N{s\bpw,
\mev Cuim\s\bpw, Av BZnXys\bpw, Bdv Kml
]Xysbpw, Ggv a{sbpw, Fv `K\bpw, H]Xp
Acyamhns\bpw, ]v khnXmhns\bpw, ]Xns\mv
XzjvSmhns\bpw,]{v ]qjmhns\bpw, ]Xnaqv
C{mnIsfbpw, ]Xnmev hmbphns\bpw, ]Xn\v
hmatZhs\bpw, ]Xn\mdv ssa{XmhcpWs\bpw, ]Xnt\gv
{`mXrhys\bpw, ]Xns\v hnjvWphns\bpw, ]sm
]Xv hma\s\bpw, Ccp]Xv sshiztZhs\bpw, Ccp]
smv cp{Zs\bpw, Ccp]n cv Ipt_cs\bpw,
Ccp]naqv Aizn\o Ipamcmscbpw, Ccp]n\mev
Ac {_mZntZhs\bpw {]Xn\n[m\w sNpp.
Hmw Acns Ejn hknjvT\mWv. cma
tXns `cZzP, aqnsXv K, \mensXv
D]a\yq.AnsXv `rKp, Bdns imney, Ggns
temlnX, Fns hnjvWp, H]Xns imXX],
]ns k\Xv Ipamc, ]Xns\mns thZhymk,
]{ns ipItZh, ]Xnaqns ]mcicy,
]Xn\mens ]u{Iw, ]Xn\ns {IXp, ]Xn\m
dns hv, ]Xnt\gns Iiy], ]Xns\ns
A{Xn, ]sm]Xns AKkvXy, Ccp]Xns Dme
I, Ccp]n Hns BwKncp, Ccp]nns
\matIXp Ccp]naqns apZvK e, Ccp]n\m
ens BwKnctKm{XP\mb hnizman{X,
Kmb{Xn {XnjvSp]v PKXn A\pjvSp]v ]wn
_rlXn DjvWnIv BZn {Xncmhrt\ Omwkn
{]Xn]Zyt {]mZn\n {]Pm hniz`{Zm hnem
kn\o {]`m i mamIm n k v ] im Zp m
kckzXo hncq]mhnimemo imen\o hym]n\o
hnaem XtamlmcnWo kqv a mhbhm ]Zv a m
ebmhncPm hnizcq]m khtXm apJoXm NXp
h nwiX n i tbm\nKZ y t ] rY nhy m] v t X
tPmhmbzmImi K ckcq] kv ] i i_v Z
hmIym\n ]mZ]mbp] XzIvNp {io Pnlzm
{LmW at\m _pylwImcNn m\oXn
{]XybncmWw XXzm\n {]Xobt I NIm
Xko Ippa ]nwKtf{ \oemn {]t`m \yXv
kqcyhnZypmcI ktcmP tKmcacIX ip
I p t p i mJ ] m p t\ {X \ ote m e v] e
N\mKcp IkvXpcm tKmtcmN\ L\kmckn`w
{]Xyc a\pkpIrcy kacX ]mX tIm] ]mX
h alm]mXImKayKa\ tKmlXy {_lXym
N P
443
KpcplXym ]nXrlXym {]mWnlXym NcmNc K
lXym`y`WmXn Krl kzI hntZ\
kzm[ymXnlo\ IIcW ]c[\m]lcW
ip{Zmt`mP\ i{Xpam]WNmeob Ka \mZn
kakvX ]m]]lmcmw kwkva tcXv
Kmb{Xn, {XnjvSp]v, PKXo, A\pjvSp]v, ]wn,
_rlXo, DjvWnI Ch aqv BhntbmSp IqSnbXmbn
KWn sncnpp. A hbnse C cp]n\mep
inI XmsgsImSpphbmWv{]mZn\o, {]Pm
hniz`{Zw, hnemkn\o, {]`m, imn, Imn, kv]m,
Zp, kckzXn, hncq], hnimemo, imen\o, hym]n\o,
hnae, Xtam{]lmcnWo, kqva mhbh, ]meb,
hncP, hnizcq], `{Z, Ir], khtXmapJo, ]rYzn, Pew,
tXPv, hmbp, BImiw, Kw, ckw, cq]w, kv]iw,
i_vZw, hmIyw, ]mZw, aew, aqt{X{nbw, Xzv, Iv,
sNhn, \mv, aqv, a\v , _pn, Almcw, Nnw,
Ch Kmb{XnbpsS, Hmtcm AcfpsS XXzamIpp.
NIw, Aaco, Ippaw, ]nwfw, C{, \oew,
An{]`mXw, DZnp kqcy hnmcI, ktcmPw,
shfp acXIw, ipw, Iw, Cp, iwJw, ]mp,
t\{Xw, \oeIaew, N\w, AIn, Ikv Xqcn, tKmtcm
N\, Iqcw, ChtbmsSmw a{nse Hmtcm Ac
Dsmffp ]ehn[ ]mXpw D]]mX
Ipw ia\w ImWpXn\v A\pkvacntXmWv.
GsXmw ]mXIfmsWpw ChnsS kqNnnn
pvtKmlXy,{_lXy, {`qWlXy, hoclXy, ]e
Pfnepw \Snb ]eXcw lXyI kv{XolXy,
KpcplXy, ]nXrlXy, BlXy, Pohnlwk, `
Wn\v D]tbmKsSpm PohnIfpsS lXykz
I XymKw, kzman IrXyfn \nv ]nncnbpI.
[\m]lcW]m]w, ip{Zm`Ww, NmemZnIfpam
bpff tbm\n kw_w.
aq[v \ n {_minJmt hnjv W peemS
cp {Z p n N{mZnXy u I u ip {I
_rlkv]Xo \mkm]ptS Aiz\o ZtmjvTmhpt`
kty apJw acpXx kvXt\w hkzmZbm lrZbw
]P\yx DZmcamImtim \m`nxcn ISncn{Xmo
kL\w {]mPm]Xyapcq ssIemkw aqePm\p\o
hniztZhu PwtL inincx Kpev^ m\n ]rYnho
h \ k v] X y mZ o\ n \ J m\ n al X o A o\ n
\h{Klm AkrIv t XpamwkarXpkmb
ImeZzbame\w kwh tcmXn \ntajmtlm
cm{XanXn hmKvtZhnw icWalw {]]tZy
b CZw Kmb{Xoclkya[otX tX\ EX
kl{kanjvSw `hXn b CZw Kmb{Xo clky
a[otX Znhk IrXw ]m]m \mibXn {]mX
a[ymtbmx jamkIrXym\n]m]m\n \mi

I bXn kmbw {]Xc[obmt\m PIrXw ]m]w\m
ibXn b CZw Kmb{Xnclkyw {_mW ]tTX
tX \ K mb{Xy mw jjvTo kl{k emWn
P]vX m\n `hn khm thZm[otXm `hXn
kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm `hXn A{_
Nmco {_Nmco `hXnhynjp kl{k]m\mXv
]qtXm `hXn AjvSu {_mWm {KmlbnXzm
{_temIw kKXn CXyml `Khm {_m.
bmsXmns incv {_abhpw inJm `mKw
hnjvWphpw eemSw cp{Z\pw IpI kqcyN{mcpw
sNhn ip{ImNmcy\pw _rlkv]Xnbpw cp t{im{X
c{ AizXo Ipamcmcpw ]pw HmjvT fpw
kyIfpw apJhpw hmbp kvX \hpw hkp BZn
lrZbhpw taLw hbdpw, \m`n AKv\nbpw IWmepw
h {]mPm]Xy\pw Ducp ssIemkhpw appI
hniztZhmcpw, ininc Kpev^fpw iwJw almb
XXzhpw AnI \h{Klfpw IpSepI tIXphpw
amwkw EXp knIfpw cpImefpw \ntajhpw
Zn\cm{XfpamWv.
1tKm]me-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv
3
imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy am-` n-bP{Xmx nssc-c w-s sK-k vX p-p-
hmwk kv X \q- ` nhy- t ia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvX n-\ -k vXmtym Acn- -t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] - X nZ-[ mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R sNhn- I sImv \Xv tIp-
am-dm-I- tW. Ip- I sImv \Xv ImWp-am-dm-I-tW. kpZr-
V--fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c- mepw \nsf kvXpXnv
sImn-cn--tW. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`- hn- -tW. alm Ion-
am- \mb C{ Rv A{]-Xn-tcm-[y- K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U
Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-tW. _rl-k] v Xn Rv awK-f-
a-c p-f-tW.
N P
444
Cu Kmb{Xn A[ym\w sNph\v At\Iw
K
b \Snb ^eapmIpp. Kmb{Xo clkyw
]Tnnph ]I sNbvX ]m]sfmw \inpp.
Imepw a[ymnepw CXp ]Tnnphs
B d pa mk s ] m] \i n p p. \ nX yh pw
I m e p w s sh I n p w A [ y b \w s N p h s
P]m] \inpp. Kmb{Xoclkyw hmbnp
{_mW\v Kmb{Xo a{ w Adp]Xn\mbncw Dcp
P]nmes ^ew knnpp. Abm kIe thZ
fpw A[yb\w sNbvXh\mbn.Abm kIe Xo
fnepw kv \m\w sNbvX ^ew t\Spp. aZy]m\ ]m]
n \nv ap\mIpp.A`y`W]m]n
tamNnsSpp. {_mNmcnbsnepw {_Nmcn
sm tXPv t\Spp. aZy]m\tZmjw \inpp.
Fp {_mWsc CXv ]Tnnp ]w {_temI
ntev t]mIpp. C{]Imcw {]Pm]Xnbmb {_mhv
]dv a\nemnsmSpp.
Kmb{Xocltkym]\njv kam]np.
- -cq-]mb |
1. kn-Zm-\
IrjvWm-bm-n--Im-cntW |
\tam thZm--th-Zymb |
Kpcth _pn-km-ntW ||
kn-Zm-\--cq-]\pw An--Im-cnbpw thZm-thZy\pw
Kpcphpw _pn-km-n-bp-amb IrjvW\v \a-kI v m-cw.
2. ap\tbm l ssh {_m-Wa - qNpx Ix ]c-tam-
tZhx. IptXm arXyp_n-t`-Xn. Iky hnm-t\\
AJnew `mXn. tIt\Zw hnizw kwk-c-Xo-Xn. XZp-
tlm-hmN {_m {ioIrjvtWm ssh ]c-aw-s sZ-
hXw tKmhn-m- rXypx _nt`Xn tKm]o-P -\ -h - -` -
m-t\\ XXv mXw `h-Xn. kzmtlZw kc-kz-
XoXn XZp tlmNp. Ix IrjvtWm tKmhn--tIm
kmhn{Xn tKm]o- P - \ - h - `x Ix, Im kztlXn
Xm\phm {_m, ]m]-ItWm tKm`qan thZ-hn-
 445

I ZntXm thZnXm tKm]n-P\m hnZym-Ip-em-t{]-cIx Ah tNmZnp [ym\-tbm-Ky-\mb {ioIr-jvW cq]w K

Xmbm tNXn kIew ]cw {_ss-Xt- Zym-[ym-bXn F-s \- b mWv? At- l - ns \mam-a r-X -c -k m-b \w
ckXn `PXn tkm f artXm `hXn tkm f artXm Fs\ km[npw? F-s\-bmWv At-ls `Pn-t-
`h-X oXn. Xv? Rv Cm-c y--s fmw ]d- p-X -c -W w.
{_mhp ]dp `K-hms [ym\-tbm-Ky-amb cq]w _me-
Hcn- {_m-hn-t\mSv ap\n-am tNmZn-p. GXp tZh-
s-Xm-W.v tKm]-th-j-amWv Xcp-W\pw Iev]-hr-m- {in-X-\p-
X-bmWv kh-t{i-jSv -am-bn-p-Xv? Bsc-bmWv arXyp `b-
am-W.v AsX kw_-n tmI- Dv.
s-Sp-Xv? BcpsS XXzw \-t]mse {Kln-m khhpw
Adn-bm km[n-pp? Cu PKv BcpsS t{]cW Xma-c--\pw taLm-`\pw sshZyp-Xmw-_\pw Zzn`p-
sImmWv Bhm-K-a--fn Id- -n-sm-n-cn-p-Xv? P\pw m\-ap-{Zm-Vy\pw h\-am-enbpw Cuiz-c\pw tKm]-
AXn\v {_mhv Dcw \In kh-t{i-jT v - tZ-h {ioIr- tKm- ] mw- K-\m-]-co-X\pw Znhym-e-m-c-bp- \pw cXv\-]-- P-a- [y-
jvW-\m-Wv. Atlw Xs tKmhn- arXyphpw At- K\pw Imfn-n-bnse ioX-f-hm-X -ta-p--h \pw Bb
ls `b-s-Sp-p. tKm]o-P-\-h--`s XXzw {Kln-p-- IrjvWs\ Nnn-p--h kwkmc ZpxJ ap-\m-Ip-p.
h\v Adn-p-Iq-Sm--Xmbn Hpw Dm-hn-. kzmlm-cq-]n- 3. Xky ]p\x ck\m `P\ `qan- p- k w- ] mXx
Wn-bmb amb-bpsS t{]c-W-bm-emWv Cu PK-smw Imam- Zn-Ir-jvW m-tb-t XyIw ]Zw tKmhnm tbXn,
Bhm-K-a\ N{I-n s]v Id-p--Xv. ap\n-am hopw ZznXobw tKmhn-t-t\-X n, XrXobw h-` m-t b-X n,
tNmZn-p. IrjvW-\m-cmWv? tKmhn- BcmWv? tKm]o-P- Xpcobw kzmtl-Xn, ]-a-anXn ]-]Zow {]P-]
\-h--` BcmWv? kzmlm BcmWv? CsXmw ]- dp Xcp- ]mwKw Znhym-`qan kqcym-N-{-aku kmoX{Zq-
I. {_mhv ]d-p. {ioIr- jvW ]m]-lm-cn-bm-Wv. tKmhn- ]- X bm {_ kw]-Z ytX {_ k- ZyX CXn
m F t]cn Atlw ]ip-, `qan thZ-hmWn XtZj tmIx oan-tXy- h m-Zm-h m-Zmb Irjva mb
Fnh Adn-bp--h-s\ \ne-bn {]kn--\m-b-cn-p-p. tbmKw tKmhn-m-bmX N tKm]o-P-\-h--`mb _rlZv
tKm]o- P-\-h- -`\pw Ahn- Zym- lm- cnbpw `- I-fmb tKm]n- am- cn L\w iymaw XZ-]yp--tctZym KXnkvX kymkvXn
Fmw m\- a-bo- hn- Zy- I-sfbpw Adp- ]-n- \mep Ie- I-sfbpw awp \m\ym KXnx kymZnXn `n-cky `P\w XZn-
]qo- I-cn- p- - h-\p- am- Wv. At- l-ns ambm- i-n- bmWv lm-a p-t{Xm-] m-[ n-s s\-c m-tiy-s s\-h m- a p-j va n a\x
kzmlm. CsXmw Cuiz- cs cq] Xs. Cs\ {ioIr- Iev]-\-ta-X-tZh N ss\jvIyw IrjvWw kw
jvW-s\ t]cn ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv hnJym-X-\m-bn-p- hn{]m _lp[m bP-n. tKmhnw kw _lp[m
-Xv. At-l-ns cq]w [ym\n-p-Ibpw \maw P]n-p- ck-n. tKm]o-P-\-h-t`m `ph-\m\n Zt{[ kzmlm-
Ibpw sNp-Xv As-n KpW-Io\w sNp-Xv {intXm PK-ssZ-P-bXv kptcXmx hmbp-Xy-ssYtIm
BcmtWm Ah Aar- X-Xz- n\v Al-\m- Ip- p. `ph\w {]XnjvtTm Pt\y Pt\y ]-cqt]m _`q-
h. Ir j vW - k vX - s s Y - t Im] n PK- n- X m w
2. tX tlmNpx, Inw X{Zq]w Inw ck\w IYw
i_vtZmku ]-]tZm hn`m-XoXn
hm f tlm XZv `P-\ w, XXv khw hnhn-j -Zmam
JymloXn XZp tlmhmN sslcmWy tKm]th BZn-bn ow F Ima-_oPw shv {ioIr-jvWm-
aja {`m`w XcpWw Iev]-{Zp-am-k -c v# nXw XZnl b, tKmhn-m-b, tKm]o-P-\h
- - -`-m-b. Fo aqp ]Z--
tmImx `hn sfbpw kzmlm klnXw D-cn-p D]m-k-I thKw
Xs {ioIr-jvW-\p-ambn sFIyw t\Sn apn {]m]n-pw.
kXv ]p-coI \b\w | CXn-\v-CX
- n \np `n-amb asmcp KXn-bp-an- . Atl-
taLm`w sshZyp-Xmw-_cw | n-ep `n Xs- bmWv `P- \w. km[-I kh t`mtK-
Zzn`pPw m\-ap-{ZmVyw | -Ifpw ssIhn--a-\pw C{n-b-fpw At-l-n Xs
kan-p- -XmWv b`- P\w CXmWv bYm kw\ym- kw.
hm\-am-en-\-ao-izcw |
thZ--m ]e-hn-[-n At-ls D]m-kn-p-p.
tKm]-tKm-]mw-K-\m-hnXw | kq PKZv kwc-- I-\mb Atlw Xs tKm]o-P-\-
kpc-{Zp-a -X-em-{inXw | h--` Atlw Xs kzmlm-[m-cn-Wn-bmb amb-bpsS
Znhym-e-m-c-tWm-t]Xw | in sImv Cu hnizw krn-p. kq {]]--
nepw Htc Bmhp Xs. Fm AXv Hmtcm ico-c-
- -tme |
cXv\ ]-P-a-[yKw Imfn-o-P-eI
nepw {]mW XpS-nb Ap cq]--fn can-p--
kwKo-am-cpX tkhnXw | Xp-t]mse {ioIr-jW v GI-\m-sW- nepw Cu a{-n
Nn-b tNXkm IrjvWw | Ap \ma- tN-h-\mbn tXmp-p. a{-n
aptm `hXn kwkrtXx | kqNn-n Ap-\m-a-epw Htc IrjvW-s\s {^Xn-
]m-Zn-p- -Xm-W.v

N P
 446

I 4. tX tlmNpx D]m- k -\ - ta- X ky ]c-am- t\m -h\pw \nXy-cn \nXy\pw ssNX-\y--fn ssNX-\y-\p-
K
tKmhn- ky AJn-e m-[ m-c ntWm {_qlo-X v, Xm\p- amb B IrjvWs\ app ]d ]oT- n {]Xn-jvTn--
hmN {_m, bky ]oTw sslcWy a-]-em- Ww. As\ At-ls An-p--h ]c-a-kn-nv
i-a w-_ pPw XZ- -c m-a - e m- { k- b pKw XZ- - c m- _ ym- A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Ip-p. hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-]-Z-cq-]-n-ep
hw hnen-JnX IrjvWmb \ax CXn _oPmVyw Cu a{w \nXyhpw sNmp-Ibpw ]qPn-p-Ibpw sNp--
k{_m-Ww cm[m-bm-\ w-K-a\p Kmb{Xnw bYm-h- hv tKm]-cq-]n-bmb IrjvW Xs ]c-a-]Zw s]sp
Zvhym-h-Py-`q-a-ew aqe thnXw IrXzmw-K-hm-kp- Xs Imn-sm-Sp-pw.
tZ-hmZn cpIvan-WymZn kzi-o-{mZn hmkp-tZ-hmZn
6. tbm {_mWw hnZ-[mXn ]qhw |
]mmZn \n[ym-bnXw btPXv kymky {]Xn-]-
n-`n-cq-]Nm ssckvtX \mkym-Jnew `h-X y-Jnew tbm hnZym-kvXkvssa tbm]-bXn kvaIrjvWx |
`h-X oXn Xw l tZhm hrn {]Imiw |
ap\nam hopw tNmZnp. hniz-n-s\mw B[m-c-`q- apap-pssh ic-W-aapw {htPXv |
X-\mbn IrjvWs\-s\-bmWp ]mkn-t-Xv AXv hnh- HmwIm-tc-Wm--cnXw tbm P]Xn |
cn-p-I--A-Xp-tIv {_mhv Irjvas\ hnv ]dp tKmhn-ky ]-]Zw a\pw Xw |
]oT-n kz Iaew \nn-Ww AXn Fp-Z- f-- Xssky-hmku Zitb Zm-cq]w |
fp-m-bn-cn--Ww. AXns \Spv cp {XotIm-W-
Xkvam-p-ap-p-c-`y-tk-n-Xy-imssy |
AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww. Ah ]c-kv]cw tNn-cn--Ww.
Cs\ Bdp-tIm-W - \nn-p-I. tImW--en GX kvamZ-t\y-] - -]Z- m-Z-`q-h |
nXn sNp In-Ib - n kIe A`o--fpw km[n- tKmhn-ky a\thm am\-hm\mw |
n-p Ima-_oPw AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww ]ns Hmtcm Zimm-ZymkvtX A]n kw{I--\mssZy
tImWnepw nw _oP-bp--amb IrjvWmb \ax {Ia-ambn
c`y-kt `qan-Im-ssab-Ym-hXv ||
Hmtcm A-c-ambn Fgp-XWw {_-a-{hpw Ima-Km-b-
{Xnbpw FgpXn Fp h{P--fm Bth-n-X-amb ]rYzn krn-p-apv {_m-hns\ krnv At-l-n\v
aew \nn--Ww. ]ns AwK hmkp-tZ-h cpIva- thZ-m\w \In At-l- s- smv kma-Km\w Be-
Wn, C{, hkp-tZ-h, ]m, \n[n Fnh Am-h- ]n-nv kIe Pohn-Ipw _pn-{]-Imiw \In hncm-
c- W- tNv ]qPn-- Ww. aqp ky- I-fnepw tjmU- Pn-p `K-hm IrjvWs\ apap-p- icWw {]m]n-
im-Nmc ]qP-I aptJ\ {ioIr-jvWs\ ]qPn--Ww. p-p. `K-hm tKmhn-s ]-]-Zo-a{w Hmw Imcw
tNv P]n-p km[-I\v Xma-kn-bmsX At-l-ns
5. XZnl tmImx `hn Zi-\-ap-m-Ip-p. AXn-\m kwkm-c-_-- n \nv
GtIm hio khKx IrjvW CuUyx | tamN\w B{K-ln-p km[-I \nXy-im-n-mbn apI-
GtIm]n k _lp[m thm hn`mXn Xw | fn kqNn-n--a{w Xs P]n--Ww. Cu ]-]Z- o-a-{-
]oTw tb f \p`-Pn [ocm | n \np Xs-bmWv Zim-- cmZn ap-a-{- Dm-
bn-p--Xv. B Fm-a-{-fpw a\p-jyv awKfw ssIh-
kvtXjmw kpJw imizXw t\X-tcjmw |
cp- p--h-bmWv sFizcyw B{K- ln- p C{mZn tZh- m
\ntXym \nXym\mw tNX-\-t-X-\m\mw B a{- Xs-bmWv P]np sImn-cn-p--X.v
GtIm _lq\mw tbm hnZ-[mXn Imam |
XtZ-Xky kzcq-]mw hmNm thZ-tbXn tX
Xw ]oTKw f tb\pb-Pn hn{]m ]{]-p-kvXZp tlmhmN {_mWx A\-h-cXw tbm
kvtXjmw knnx imizXnx t\X-tcjmw | [ymX-kvXXx ]c-ammt tkm f _p[yX tKm]-
GXZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw tb | thtjm ta ]c-kvXm-Zm-hn_-`qh XXx {]WtXm
\ntXym-Zypm kwb-Pt \ ImamXv | abm A\p- I q- t e\ lrZm aly- a m Zimw
kzcq]w krtb ZXzm AlnX CXn ]q\x
tXjm-aku tKm]-cq]x {]b-Xv\mXv |
hnkr- mta {]mZp-c -` q-t-j z- -tcjp `hn-jyZv
{]Im-i-tb-Zm--]Zw XssZh || PK-{Zq]w {]Im-i-bw-kvX-Zm-l, A\p-Iq-te\ lrZm
kh-K\pw ]qP-\o-b\pw GI-s\-nepw At\-IYm al y- a - m- Z - i mw k zcq]w kr tb ZX zm
{]tim-`n-p--h-\p-amb `K-h-ems\ `Pn-p--hmWv AlnX CXn BIm-i m- Zmt]m PemXv ]rYzn
imiz-X-kpJw ap--h-. imiz-X\pw \nXy\pw khm- XtXm f n_n-tm-cnpx XXv km-Zm-Zx CXn
-cym-an-bp-amb `K-hms\ bPn-p--hmWv imn ap- owIm- c m-Z -k rPw IrjvW m- Zm-I miw JmZzm- b pcn
-h-. Fm km[-I-cp-sSbpw A`n--]qn hcp-p- Xyp-cmXv kpc`n hnZym {]mZp-c m-Ijw XZp--

N P
 447

I cmp kv{Xo]p-amZn N CZw kIe anZw kI-e-an-Z- cmw D]-\n-jv K

anXn GX sskyh bP-t\\ N{ ZztPm KXtam
1. Hmw \tam hniz-cq-]mb |
lam-m\w thZ-bntXzmwImcm-c \mfnIw a\p-am-
h\w kwK- c -l ntXm f Xym]-X - -Z znjv tWm hniz-n-Xy tlXth |
]caw ]Zw kZm ]iyXn kqcbx ZnZoh Np-cm- hntiz-iz-cmb hnizmb |
XXw Xkvam-tZ-X- n-X y-a-` y-tk-ZnXn XZm-l p-tctI tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||
bky {]Y-a-]-ZmXv `qanZzm-bp--c-amXv thymtaXn
hniz-cq- ]\pw hniz-kr-n-n-Xn-kw-lmc tlXp-hp- amb
sshjvWhw ] hymlr-Xn-abw a{w IrjvWm
tKmhn-\v \a-kvIm-cw.
h`mkw ssIh-ey-krssXy kXX amh-tb-ZnXn
XZ{X KmYm 2. \tam hnm-\-cq-]mb |

bky ]qh-]-ZmZv `qan ]c-am-\--cq-]ntW |

ZznXo-bmXv ken-tem-hx | IrjvWmb tKm]o-\m-Ymb |

XrXo-bmXv tXP DZv`qXw | tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||

NXpmXv K-hm-N\x | hnm-\-cq- ]\pw ]c-am-\--cq-]n-bp-amb tKmhn-\v \a-

]-am-Zw-_-tcmev]n | kvIm-cw.

Xkvssa-thIw ka-`y-tkXv | 3. \ax Ia-et- \-{Xmb |

N{-[ztPm f Ka-ZznjvtWmx | - m-ent\ |
\ax Ia-ea
]caw ]Z-a-hybw | - m-`mb |
\ax Ia-e\
XtXm hnipw hnaew | - tb \ax ||
Ia-em-]X
hntim-I-a-ti-j-tem-`mZn Ia- e - t\-{ X\pw Ia- e - a m-e nbpw Ia- e - \ m-` -\ p- a mb
\nckvX kwKaw bZv | IrjvW\v \a-kI v m-cw.
]Zw ]-]Zw XtZh k | 4. _l-]o-Um-`n-cm-amb |
hmkp-tZthm \ btXm-\y-ZkvXn || cmam-bm-IpWvT ta[tk |
XtaIw tKmhnw kn-Zm-\ hn{Klw ]- cam-am-\-k-lw-kmb |
]Zw hrm-ht\ kpc-`q-cp-l-X-em-ko\w kXXw ka- tKmhn-mb \tam \ax ||
cp-ZvKtWm f lw ]c-abm kvXpXy tXmj-bman
abn ]oen-b-Wn--h\pw cam am\-k-lw-k-\p-amb
{_mhv ]dp `K-hms\ kvXpXnv Rms\s ]c- tKmhn-\v \a-kvIm-cw.
am-bpv hn\n-tbm-Kn--tm F\nv At-l-ns tKm]-
th-j-[m-cn-bmb cq]-Zi\w e`n-p. Atlw F\nv Am- 5. Iwk-hw-i-hn-\m-imb |
Z-i m-c a{w D]-tZ-in tijw krnv t{]cW tIin-Nm-Wqc LmXnt\ |
\In. Rm Cu a{-nse "I' F A-c-m hrj-Z-`-[z-P-h-ymb |
Pe-sbpw "e' sImv ]rYzn-sbbpw "Cu' sImv An- ]m-km-c-Ytb \ax ||
sbbpw A\p-kzm-c-m N{-s\bpw "ow' sImv kqcy-
s\bpw krn-p. a{-nse cmw ]Z-amb IrjvWmb Iwk-tI-in-Nm-Wp-cm-Zn-I-fpsS lmhpw ]m-km-c-
FXp sImv BIm-i-sbpw hmbp-hn-s\bpw tKmhn- Yn-bp-amb IrjvW\v \a-kI v m-cw.
mb F-Xp-sImv Ima-t[-\p-hn-s\bpw thZ--sebpw 6. thWp-hm-Z-\-io-emb |
tKm]o-P-\h -
- -`mb F-Xn-\m kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-scbpw tKm]m-em-bm-ln-ant\ |
krn-p. HSp-hn-es kzmlm F ]Z-m Ncm-N-c-{]-
Imfn-o-Ip-e-tem-emb |
]-s krn-p. Cu Am--c-a-{-m-emWv ]v
N{-[z-P-cm-Pmhv taml-c-ln-X- \mbn ]q-amb B-m- teme Ip-e-[m-cntW ||
\- n\v A[n- Im- cn- bm- bn- o-Xv. Cu a{-m `K-hm thWp-h m-Z -\ - i o-e \pw Imfno Xoc-i m-e - \ p-a mb
IrjvWs tKmtem-I-[maw {]m]n-m Ign-bpw. IrjvW\v \a-kIv m-cw.
Cu a{w-sImp kvXpXn-p-I.

N P
 448

I 7. h-ho-\-b\mw t`mP | kwkmc kmKtc aw | K

ames\ \rXy-im-ent\ | amap-c PKZv Kptcm ||
\ax {]W-X-]m-emb | tl cpIvan-Wo-Im-, kwkm-ck
- m-Kc
- -a--\mb Fs
{ioIr-jvWmb \tam \ax || D-cn--tW.
{]W-X-]m-e\pw tKm]o at\m-l-c-\p-amb I\v \a- 12. tIih ti-l-cW |
kvIm-cw. \mcm-bW P\m\ |
- -cmb N |
8. \ax ]m]-{]m-imb tKmh-\[ tKmhn ]c-am-\ |
]qX-\m-Po-hn-Xm-ymb | amw kap--c-am-[hx ||
XrWm-hky lmcntW | ti-l-c-W-\mb P\m-\, am[-h, Fs D-cn-p-
]m] {]Wm-i\pw XrWm-hmZn lm-hp-amb tW.
IrjvW\v \a-kI
v m-cw. AY sslhw kvXpXn-`n-cm-cm-[-bman tX bqbw
9. \njvI-fmb hntam-lmb | XYm ]-]Zw P]x {ioIrjvWw [ymbx kw
krXnw Xcn- j y- tY- X n. k tlmhmN ssNcWyx
ipm-bm-ip sshcntW |
Aapw ]-]Zw a{-am-h--tbZyx k bmXy\m
AZzn-Xo-bmb altX | bmkXx tIhew XXv At\- P - t ZIw a\tkm
{ioIr-jvWmb \tam \ax || Photbm ss\Z-thmx B]v\p-h ]qh-aj-ZnXn
\njvIf
- \pw Aip--ssh-cn-bpw-amb {ioIr-jW
v \v \a- XkvamXv IrjvW Gh ]tcm tZhx Xw [ymtbw
kvIm-cw. ctkw `tPm `tP-ZntXymw XXv kZnXn CXyp-
]-\ n-j-v.
10-. {]ko-Z-]-c-am-\ |
ap\n- t{i- jvT- m- sc, Rm kvXpXn-p- -Xp- t]mse Xs
{]ko-Z-]-c-ta-izc |
\nfpw Cu a{- m {ioIr- jvWs\ Bcm-[nv kwkmc
B[n-hym-[n-`p-Pw-tK\ | kmKcw XcWw sNp-hn. Cu a{w P]n-p--h `Km-
Zw amap-c {]t`m || hs ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-p. tZh-X-amv AhnsS hsc
{]km-Zn-p-I. B[n-hym-[n-I-fmb k-m ISn-- Fm km[n-n-. AXn-\m kZw IrjvW-s\-s
s Fs Dcn-p-I. [ym\np-hn. a{- P-]-m At-l-ns \mam-ar-X-am-
kz-Znv hnap--cm-Ip-hn.
11. {ioIrjvW cpIvan-Wo-Im |
tKm]m-e-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
tKm]o-P -\-a-t\m-lc |

1 NXpth- t Zm- ] - \ n- j v 3

1. AYmtXm atlm]\njZtah bZml GtIm lncWyab aw X{X {_m NXpaptJm PmbX

l s s h \ mc m bW B k oX v \ {_ m \
Cuimt\m \m t]m\mn \ hmbpx t\taZymhm
]rYnho \ \{XmWn \ kqcyx k GImIo
\c Gh Xky [ym\mky eemSmXv tkz
tZm] f XXv Xmx Camx B]x Xm GtX t\m
k]qhm`naptJm `qXzm `qcn Xn hymlrXn Kmb{Xo
Ox EtKzZx ] nam`naptJ m `mX zm`qc nXn
{XnjvSp`O bpthZ Dm`naptJm `qtXzm
`phcnXn hymlrXncm\pjvSp` Otm AYh thZx
CXn\v atlm]\njsp ]dbpp. Ghpw

N P

I BZyw GI\mb \mcmbW am{Xta Dmbncppffp.
{_mthm inht\m Hpw Dmbncpn. hmbpthm
]rYnhntbm BImitam \{Xtfm kqcyt\m Hpw
Dmbncpn. B GI\mb \c am{Xw. [ym\mhn
X\mb Atlns s\nbn \nv hnbsmgpIn.
AXmWv CmWp Pecmin. AsXpSv Aap
mbn.\mep apJtmSp IqSnb {_mhpmbn. Atlw
]qhm`napJ\mbn; `q F hymlrXn Kmb{Xn Opw
bpthZhpw Dmbn. Dm`napJ\mbn. `phx F
hymlrXnbpw PKXo Opw kmathZhpw P\np. Ah
km\w ZnWm`napJ\mbn PKZv F hylrZnbpw A\
jvSp]v Opw AYh thZhpw Dmbn.
1. kl{k iojw tZhw I
kl{kmw hniz kw`hw
hnizXx ]caw \nXyw I
hnizw \mcmbWw lcnw
2. hniztathZw ]pcpj I
Xw hnizap]PohtX I
Ejnw hntizizcw tZhw I
kap{Zw Xw hnizcq]nWw.
3. ]Zva tImi{]XoImiw I
ew_XymImikn`w I
lrZtbNm]yt[mapJw I
khIrXzmh XnjvTXn
4. Xkyat[y hm\ninJm I
AWotbm[zm hyhnX
k {_m k inthm hnjvWp I
tkmcx ]cax kzcmSv
Bbncw incpIfpw Bbncw IpIfpw Dffh\pw
hnizns Dev ]n ImcWhpw kh{X hym]Ihpw
Bb lcn \mcmbW F \man {]kn\mWv.
Ejn kzcq]\pw {]]ns Imhpw kap{Zimbn
bpamb Atls B{ibnv temIw ]pecpp. Iae
tImin\p Xpeyw tim`mbam\hpw At[mapJhpamb
AXns a[yn \mep`mKpw hym]np An
Pzmebpv. B inJbpsS a[ynemWv ]cammhv \ne
sImffpXv. {_mshpw inhs\pw hnjvWpshpw
]dbpsXpw B Hcp ssNX\yamWv. AXv kzbw
{]Imihpw kzX{hpw kh ihpamIpp.
5. b Camw atlm]\njZw {_tWm f [otX
At{im{Xnb t{im{Xntbm `hXn A\p]\oXx
D] \ o tX m `h X n tk m n] qtX m `h X n k
hmbp]qtXm`hXn k kqcy]qtXm `hXn k tkma
]qtXm `hXn k kXy]qtXm `hXn kh thZ
N P
449
mtXm `hXn kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm K
`h X n tX \ k s s h {I X p `nc nj vSw `h X n
CXnlmk ]pcmWm\mw kl{]mWm P]vX m\n
`h n {] Whm\mabp Xw P] v X w `h Xn B
Npjx ]wn ]p\mXn B kv]vX amXv ]pcpjw
]p\mXn Pmt]y\ AayXXzw N KXn Aay XXzw
N KXn CXyml `Khm lncWy K`x
Cu atlm]\njv sNp {_mW At{im{Xn-
b\msWn t{im{Xnb I ImWvU ]WvUnX\mbn
`hn pp. A\p]\oX\msWn D]\oX\mbn
`hnpp. Ah An ]hn{X\pw , hmbp]hn{X\pw,
kqcy]hn{X\pw tkma]hn{X\pw, kXy]hn{X\pambn
ncpp. Ahs\ kIe tZhmcpadnbpp. Ah
kIeXofnepw kv\m\w sNbvX ^eambn. Fm
b fpw \S nbXns ^e w Inn. A h
Adp]Xn\mbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn P]n ^eambn. Ah
CXnlmk ]pcmW At\I {]mhiyw hmbnp
Ignp. ]Xn\mbncw Dcp {]Whw P]np. tIhew
Zi\w sImv At\ImbncfpsS ]pWyw AIpp.
Ggp Xeapdbn s] hsc Ah Dcnpp.
\n bamb pw A h A ar XXzw {]m] n ps av
lncWyK` ]dp.
6. tZhm l ssh kzw temIambkvtX tZhm
Du[z _mlthm cp{Zw kvXphn `qkmhmZn\
[yw `phkvXp kzkvtX iojw hnizcqt]m fkn
{_ I k vX zm Z z n[ m {X n [ m i m\ y k vX zw
lpXalpXw ZaZw khakhw hniz
ahnizw IrXaIrXw ]ca]cw ]mcmbWw N kzw
A]ma tkmaahrXm A`qamKtPymXnchn Zma-
tZhm \a kzma [qt{hXw arXw ayw N
tk ma k qc y ] q h w P K nX h m b Z c w
{]mPm]Xyw tkmbw kqvaw {Kmlw {KmtlW
`mh w `mth \ k uay w k utay \ k q vaw
kqv t aW {KknXw Xkv s sa alm{Kmkmb
\tam a\x I
tZhm kz temIn \nv hv ssI
Dbn cp{Zs\ kvXpXnpsImv ]dp AbpsS
BZn `qtemIhpw a[yhpw `qh temIhpw incv
kztmIhpamIpp. Av hnizcq]\mWv . Av
GIamb {_mamWv. Zznhn[hpw {Xnhn[hpw in
lpXhpamb tlma sNbv X p. At\Iw \In,
\Inbn. khhpw, Akhhpw, hnizhpw, Ahnizhpw
\InbXpw \ImXpw kIeXpwAp Xs.
Rv tkmam]m\m AarXXzw e`ns.
tZhtZh, Av \akv Imcw. arXw AarXw kXyw
AkXyw khhpw Ap Xs. {Kmls {Kmlw
sImpw `mhs `mhwsImp kuays kuayw

I sImpw kqvas kqaw sImpw B altPv
{KknXampp. alm {Kmksbpw {KknXamp B
1 Nmp-tjm-]-\n-jv
A Y mX N m p a ow ] T nX k n h n Z y mw
NptcmKlcmw hymJymkymax bptcmKm
kth \iyn Nptjm Zo]vX n `hnjyXn
Xkymx Nmpjo hnZymb Aln _p[v\y Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Oxkq#v t bm tZhXm NqtcmK\n
htb Pt]mhn\ntbmKw Hmw Npx Npx
Npx tXPx ntcm `h amw ]mln ]mln.XzcnXw
Np tcmKm iab iabX aw PmX cq]w
tXtPmZibZib bYm f lw Atm\kymw
XYm Iev]b Iev]b IeymWw Ipcp Ipcp bm\n
aa ]qhPm tXm]mPnXm\n Npx {]Xntcm
[ZpjvI rXm\n khmWn \naqeb \naqeb
Xapkv tXtPmZmt{X Znhymb `mkv I cmb
Hmw \ax kqcymb Hmw \tam `KhtX kqcym
bmn tXPtk \ax Xatk \ax AktXmam
kXv K ab Xatkmam tPymXnKabartXymam
AarXwKab DjvtWm `Khm ipNncq]x b Camw
Npjv]tXmhn Zymw {_tWm \nXy a[otX
\ Xkymn tcmtKm \ `hXn \ XkyIpte
Atm `hXn AjvSu {_mWm {KmlnbnXzm
hnZymknn `hXn
sNmpXpsImp am{Xw ^eknnhcp Nmp-
jo hnZy hnhcnmw. Cu hnZy t\{X tcmKsf iann-
pXmWv. t\{XfpsS tXPv hnnm {]tbm-
P\sSpXpamWv. Aln_p[v\yXmWv. Cu hnZybpsS
Ejn, Ov, Kmb{Xn, tZhX, kqcy\pw. CXns hn\n-
tbmKw t\{XtcmKia\n\mbnmIpp.
tl kqcytZh, Ap Npn Npns
tXPns ncamtW. Fs cntW. Fs
t\{XtcmKw thKn Xs ianntW. Xs
kzabamb tXPv F\nv ImnctW. Rm
A \mImXncnm th Xv sNtW. awKfw
sNtW. Fs Zi\ in \innm\nS hcpnb
N P
450
]cammhn\v \akvImcw.
K
NXpthtZm]\njv kam]np.
3
GtXsXmw ]m]fptm Ahsbms \inntW.
t\{XtXtPm ZmbI\mb `Khm `mkvIc\v \akvImcw.
IcpWmab\mb AarXkzcq]\v \akvImcw. kqcytZh\v
\akvImcw t\{Xn\v {]Imiw \Ip kqcy\mcmb-
W\v \akvImcw. IcpWmIc\pw A\rX\pw AntXP
pw tJNc\pw kXzcPkvXtamcq]\pamb kqcytZh\v
\akvImcw. {]t`m, Fs Akn \nv kntev
\bnmepw. arXyphn \nv {]Imintev \bn
mepw. arXyphn \nv AarXntev \bnmepw
DjvW\mb `Khm ipNnkzq]\pw lwk\mb `Khm
ipNn{hXncq]\pamIpp.bmsXmcp {_mW\v Cu
NmpjvaX hnZy \nXyhpw A[yb\w sNpp Ah\v
An tcmKw DmIpn. Ahs Ipen A\p
mIpn. Fp {_mWmsc ]Tnnm hnZymknn
`hnpp.
Hmw hnizcq]w LrWn\w PmXthZkw
lncWbw ]qcpjw tPymXncq]w X]w
hnizky tbm\nw {hX]ap{Kw
]pcx {]Pm\apZbtXyj kpcy
Hmw \tam `KhtX BZn Xymb Atlmhm
ln\ytlmhml\o kzmlm Hmw hbw kp]m
D]tkZpcn{w {]nbta[m Ejtbm \m[am\mx
A][zm ]qWw ln ItcmXp Npx tZhw
Xzmtah icWyw {]]tZy I
]pWvU coImmb \ax I
]pjvI tcWmb \ax I
AateWmb \ax I
IateWmb \ax I
hnizcq]mb \ax I
alm hnjvWpth \ax I
 451

I `Kh\mb kqcy knZm\ kzcq]\pw hnizm kqcy`Khm\v R BlpXnI Ans. EjnI K

I\p XsInWfm AXyw tim`nX\pw tPymXn
kzcq]\pw lncWvab PKns Dev]n m\hpw
]pcpjn Pzenph\pamWv As\bpff tXtPm-
cq]\mb kqcy\v \akvImcw. Bdp hn[nepff sFiz-
cymepw k\mb `Khm kqcy\v \akvImcw.
Atlns {]` Znhkn\v alXzw \Ipp.
t{ijvT ]fpff ]nIsftmse Atlns
ASpsn {]mnpp:- ""`Khms\ Cu A-
Imcs ZqcnempI. Rsfmw Xtamab _\-
ns]pgepp. Znhy{]Imiw \Inbmepw. ]pWvU-
coIm\pw, ]pjvItcW\pw, AateW\pw, Iate
W\pw, hnizcq]\pw, almhnjv Wp kzcq]\pamb
Av \akvImcw.

Q Nmptjm]\njv kam]np.

1 Pm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw tb\ hnm-X-am-t{XW |
Poh-ptm `hm-aylw ||
Hmw B]ym- b p aamw- K m\n hmIv {]mW-
px t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn 4. kmwIrtX irWp hyman |
khw {_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw tbmKw kmmwK Zi\w |
am am {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\n-c-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw ba \nb-a-ssh |
ta f kvXp XZm-\n \nctX b D]-\n-jp [m
sshm-k-\t- ah N ||
kvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx imnx
imnx 5. {]mWm-bm-a-kvXY - m-{_- |
{]Xym-lm-c-kvXXx ]cw |
Fs AwK- ]pn {]m]n-tW. hmv {]mW
t\{Xw t{im{Xw _ew C{n-b - Chbpw ]pn {]m]n- [mcWm N XYm [ym\w |
tW. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_-am-W.v Rm AXns\ kam-[o-m-Iw apt\ ||
\ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_w Fs \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-- 6. Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXbw |
tW. F\npw {_-n\pw Xn At`-Zy-amb _w {_-Ncyw ZbmPhw |
Dm-Ip-am-dm-I-tW. Fn D]-\n-j-Zp---fmb [-
am [rXnan-Xm-lmcx |
\ne-sIm--tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
iuNw ssNh bamx Zi ||
1. Zm-t{Xtbm alm-tbmKo |
kIe Pohn-I -fp-sSbpw Dev] - npw kwc--W-
`K-hm `qX-`m-h\x |
n\p Imc-W-`q-X\pw NXp_-lp- hp- amb `K- hm hnjvWp
NXp`ptPm alm-hn-jvWp | -tbm-Kn-bmb Zm-t{X-b-\mbn Ah-X-cn-p. At-l-ns
tbmKn km{am-Pym-Zo-nXx || injy-\mb kmwIrXn aljn Kpcp-`--\m-bn-cp-p. Hcp
2. Xky intjym ap\n-hcx | Znhkw Atlw Zm-t{X-bs\ ]cn-Nc - nv ssIIqn Adn-
kmwIr-Xn\ma `n-am | bn- p. `K- h ms\ Fs Amw- K- tbmKw hnkvX-cnv ]dp
tIn--Ww. AX-dn-m F\nv Poh-p--\m-Im
]{] Kpcp-ta-Imt |
km[n-pw. Zm-t{X-b ]d-p. kmwIr-Xn, Rm
{]mRvP-en-bn h\n-bm-\znXx || Amw-K-tbmK Zi\w D]-tZ-in-mw. tbmK-n baw,
3. `K-h {_qln ta bmKw | \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [ym\w, [mc-
kmmwKw k {]]-Iw | W, kam[n Fv Fv AwK--fp-v. Ch-bn ba-n\v
]p hn`mKw `hn-p-p. kXyw, Alnw-k, AkvtX-bw,

N P

I Zb, BP-hw, {_-N-cyw, a, [rXn, anXm-lm-cw, _mly-
hpw, A`y--c-hp-amb iuNw.
7. thtZm-t\ {]Im-tcW |
hn\m kXyw Xt]m-[\ |
Imtb\ a\km hmNm |
lnwkm-lnwkm \ Nm\yYm ||
8. Bm kh-KtXm f ttZym |
\ {Kmly CXn ta aXnx |
km Nmlnwkm hcm t{]mm |
apt\ thZm thZn`nx ||
9. Np-cm-Zn-{n-ssbZrw |
{ipXw {LmXw ap\o-izcm |
Xssky-thm-n`-thXv kXyw |
hn{] Xm-\yYm `thXv ||
10. khw kXyw ]cw {_ |
\ Nm\y-ZnXn bm aXnx |
X kXyw hcw t{]mw |
thZm--m\ ]mcssKx ||
11. A\y-Zotb XrtW cXvt\ |
Imt\ auntI f ]n N |
a\km hn\n-hr-nbm |
XZ-kvtXbw hnZp_p[mx ||
12. B-\yp-\m--`m-th\ |
hyh-lmc hnhPnXw |
b-Z-kvtX-b -an-Xyp |
am-hn-Z v`na-lm-atX ||
13. Imtb\ hmNm a\km |
kv{XoWmw ]cn-hn-hP\w |
EXu `mcymw XZm kzky |
{_-Ncyw XZp-NytX ||
14. {_-`mth a\-mcw |
{_-Ncyw ]c-] |
15. kzm-hXv kh-`q-tXjp |
Imtb\ a\km Kncm |
A\pm km Zbm sskh |
t{]mm thZm thZn`nx ||
thtZm- - a mb {]Im-c - s am- g nsI a\km hmNm
IWm Bsc-sb- nepw D]-{Z-hn-p-Itbm Ahs {]mW-
sf tZl-n \nv ths]- Sp-p- Itbm sNp ]w
N P
452
AXp-Xs lnwk. CXn \n `n-ambn asmcp lnwk-
K
bn-. Fm-bn-Sp hym]n-n-cn-p Bm-hns\ ikv{Xw
sImv apdn-mt\m {Kln-mt\m km[y-a-. thZm-- th-Zy-
\mb al-p- Cs\ A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. IpI
sImp IXpw sNhn sImp tIXpw aW-n-Xpw
As-n A\p-`q-X-hp-amb hnj-b-s- n Hfn-msX ]d-
bp--XmWv kXyw. kXy-kz-cq-]-\mb ]c-am-mhp Xs-
bmWv khm cq]vX- Xn kXyw. ]c-am-m-hn \n
`n-ambn Hcp hkvXphpw kXy-am-bn-n-. thZm-- -m
kh-t{i-jvT-amb kXyw Fp ]d-n-p-Xpw AXp
Xs- bm-W.v A\y-cpsS [\w cXv\w apv ]hngw kzw
XpSn sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb hkvXp--fn a\v {]th-
in-m-Xn-cn-p--XmWv AkvtX-bw. {]]--nse kIe
hyh-lm-c--enepw A\m _pn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ah Bm-
hn \npw `n-amWv Fp am\n-p--XmWv AkvtX- bw.
Fv m\n-I ]d-bp-p. a\km hmNm IWm \mco-
kw- K- ]- cn-Xym-Ktam kz]- Xv\n- bn Xs EXp- Im-ep am{Xw.
[- _pym kwKw sNp-Itbm BWv {_-N-cyw.
Asn Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-Isf \nb-{nv a\-ns\ ]c-am-
- [ym-\-n Xs ebn-n-p-I-bmWv kh-t{i-jT v -amb
{_- Ncyw Fm Pohn-Ifpw Xs- tm-se-bm-sWp IcpXn
a\p sImtm hmp sImtm icocw sImtm Ah-
tbmSv Bo-b-`mhw ImWn-p-I-bmWv Zbbmbn thZm
thZn-I ]d-bp--Xv.
16. ]pt{X ant{X Ift{X N |
cn]u kzm\n kXw |
GI-cq]w apt\ b |
ZmPhw t{]mNy tX abm ||
17. Imtb\ a\km hmNm |
i{Xp`nx ]cn-]o-UntX |
_pn-tm-`\ - n-hnbm |
am km ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
18. thZm-tZh hn\ntamx |
kwkm-cky \ Nm\yYm |
CXn hnm-\-\n-jv]-n |
[rXn t{]mm ln sshZnssIx |
Al-amm \ Nmt\ymkvao |
tXyh-a-{]-NypXm aXnx ||
19-. Aev]-ar-m-i\ - m`ymw N |
NXpmw-im-h-t i-jIw |
Xkvam-tXym-Km-\p-Kp-tWy\ |
t`mP\w anX-t`m-P\w ||
]p{X If-{Xw, i{Xp, an{Xw, Fn-h-cnepw kzmm-
hnepw kam-\-`mhw ImWn-p-I-bmWv BP-hw. i{Xp-
 453

I aptJ\ a\-p-sImtm hmp sImtm icocw sImtm am-m-s\m-p-an-. m\-ns ]cn-ipn ssIsh-Snv K
Fs-nepw ]oU-\-ap-m-bm Nn-nepw _pn-bnepw _mly-ip-n-bn {`a-p hyn kzw Dt]-nv
teiw t]mepw tm`w Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-I- bmWv a. {]]- aI B{K-ln-p aqV\v Xpey-\m-Wv. m\m-arX
-n Pohn-Iv apn knn-p-Xv thZm-\p-Iqeyw Xr]vX-\ mb tbmKnv Cu temI-n Hpw Xs
sImm-Wv. CXn \npw `n-ambn ad-A-sdmcp {]Im-c- sNm Ah- ti- jn-n-n- . A-s\-bp tbmKn XXz-m-
nepw apn Inp-Ib - n-s ZrV-\ n- -b-s-bmWv \n-bm-Wv. B-m-\n-I-fmb alm-mv aqp temI-
m\n- I [rXn Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Xm Bm- hm- sWpw nepw Hpw sNt-- Xm-bn-n-. AXn-\m apt\ Xm
Bm-hn \nv A\y-ambn Hp-an-s- p-ap AN-e Alnw-kmZn km[-\-If - m A\p-`-h-m\w t\Sn Cu
hrn- bmWv kthm-XvIr--amb [rXn. kmXzn-Ia - mb Bmhv {_-kz-cq-]hpw Ahn- \m- in- bp- am- sWv [cn- p- I.
Aw Aev]-am-{X- bn Ign-p-I, hb-dns ]IpXn `mKw
Aw sImp Im `mKw Pew sImpw \ndv Im cmw Jw
`mKw Hgn-n-Sp--XmWv anXm- lm- cw. tbmKm-\p-Iq-e-am-bXv anXm- 1. X]x ktm-j-am-kvXnIyw |
lm-c-am-W.v
Zm\-ao-izc ]qP\w |
20. kztZ-l-a-e-\ntmx | knm--{i-hWw ssNh |
ar-em`ymw alm-apt\ | {loa-Xn Pt]m {hXw ||
bZv LuNw `thZv _mlyw | 2. GtX N \nbamx t{]mm |
am\kw a\\w hnZx | kvXm hyman {IamXv irWp ||
Alw ip CXn m\w | 3. thtZm-t\ {]Im-tcW |
iuN-am-lpa-\o-jnWx || Ir{-Nm-{m-b-Wm-Zn`nx |
21. AXy--a-ent\m tZtlm | ico-c-tim-jWw b Xv |
tZlo NmXy--\nex | X]-an-Xyp-NytX _pss[x ||
D`-tbm-c-cw mXzm | 4. tIm hm tamx IYw tX\ |
Xky iuNw hn[o-btX || kwkmcw {]Xn ]-hm |
22. m\ iuNw ]cn-XyPy | CXym-tem-I-\-a- m
_mtly tbm catX \cx | kvX]x iwkn ]nXm ||
k aqVx Im\w Xyzm | 5. bZr-m-em-`tXm \nXyw |
temjvTw KrlvWmXn kp{hX || {]oXnbm PmbtX \rWmw XXv ktmjw
23. m\m-ar-tX\ Xr]vXky | hnZpx {]mm
IrX-Ir-Xyky tbmKn\x | ]cn-m-ss\-I-X-Xv]cmx ||
\ NmkvXn Inw NnXv Ihy | 6. {_m-Zn-tem-I-]-cy-mXv |
akvXn tN k XXz-hnZv || hncym b-t`Zv {]nbw |
24. temI-{Xtb f ]nIhyw | kh{X hnKX kvt\lx |
InwNn-m-kvXy--th-Zn\mw | ktmjw ]caw hnZpx ||
25. XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\ | 7. {iutX N kvamt N hnizmtkm |
apt\ f lnwkm-Zn-km-[ss\x | b ZmkvXn-Iy-ap-NytX |
Bm-\-a--cw {_ | \ymbmPn-X-[\w {imt |
hnn m\mp thZ-\mXv || {ibm sshZntI Pt\ |
ap-sImtm shw sImtm ico-cw ]cn-ip--am- A\yZv hm bZv {]Zo-bt |
p--XmWv _mly-iu-Nw. kthm-Xv Ir-amb iuNw XZv Zm\w t{]mNytX abm ||
hnip-m-m-hm-sW `mh\ Dsm-p-I-bm-W.v icocw
X]-v, ktm-jw, BkvXn-Iyw, Zm\w, e, aXn
_mly-ambpw B-co-Ia - mbpw aen-\-am-Wv. Fm tZl-
P]w, {hXw, Cuiz-c-]q-P, knm {ihWw Ch-bmWv
[m- cn-bmb Bmhv Ghpw ip-am- Wv. tZl- n\pw Bm-
]p \nb-a- . thZ-hn-X-amb Ir-Nm-{n-b-WmZn {hX-
hn\pw Dn-ep m\w ssIh-m ]ns ]cn-ip--
-fm icocw oWn-n-p-Xv X]-m-W.v tam-em-`-
N P
 454

I s--nbpw Bm-hn\v kwkm-c-_-\w s]Sp--Xn-\p _n-msX thtZm---fmb D]-tZ-i--fn ]q-{i

K
Imc-W-s- -nbpw Nnn-p-Xv X]-m-Ip-p. Cuiz-tc- Dm-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv aXn. thtZm--hn-[n-{]-Imcw hop-
-b-\p-k-cnv Fp-In-n-bmepw AXn ktm-jhpw {]k- ho-p-ap a{-P-]a - m-Wv. P]w. thZ--se-tmse Xs
-Xbpw Dm-Ip-Xv ktm-jw. kI-e-Xnepw A\m-k-- [ imkv{X- - fnepw ]pcmtW-Xn- lm-k--fnepw a\v \nc-
\mb {_m-Zn-tZ-h-tem-I] - -cy-- ap kpJ--fn hnc-n- cw apgp-In-bn-cn-p--XmWv Fs A`n-{]m-b-n P]w.
bp-m-hp-Ibpw Fnpw a\v {]k--am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw
13. P]kvXp Zznhn[x t{]mtm |
sNp Ah--bmWv t{ijvT-amb ktmjw thZ--
fnepw kvarXn-I-fnepw ]d-b-s-n- p [-n ZrV-amb hmNntIm am\-k-kvXYm ||
Bm-thmsS hn-pI BkvXnIyw [\w XpS-nb 14. hmNn-tIm-]mw-ip-cp-ss |
Bh-iy-h-kvXp- ZpxJnX-cmb thZ-tm D-a- Zznhn[x ]cn-IonXx |
mtm sImSp-p-Xv Zm\w. am\tkm a\-\-[ym\ |
8. cmKm-Zy-t]Xmw lrZbw | t`ZmXv ssZzhn-[y-am-{inXx ||
hmK-Zp-m-\r-Xm-Zn\m | 15. DssP-]m-Zp-]mw-ip |
lnwkm-hn-c-lnXw I | kl-{k-Kp-W-a p-NytX |
b-Zo-iz-c-]q-P\w || am\-k XtYm-]mwtimx |
9. kXyw m\-a-\w N | kl{k KpW-ap-NytX ||
]cm-\w ]cw {[phw | 16. DssP-] kthjmw |
{]Xy-Kn-Xy-h-K- hyw | btYm--^-etZm `thXv |
thZ--{i-hWw _p[mx || \ossNx t{imt{XW tN{ |
10. thZ-eu-In-I-amtjp | {ipX-t-n-jv^ew `thXv ||
IpnXw I-bZv `thXv | cp hn[-n- emWv P]w. Hv am\-knI P]w, atXv
Xkvan `hXn bm em | hmNnI P]w. hmNnI P]hpw cp hn[-ap-v. Hv Dw,
{lox sskthXn {]IonXm | atXv D]mw-ip. AXp-t]mse am\-knI cq]hpw cp-hn-[-
sshZn-tIjp N kthjp | ap-v. H\v\v a\-\w, atXv [ym\w. Db kzc-n
sNs-Sp P]-t-m D]mw-ip-P-]-n\v Bbncw
{im bm km aXn `thXv ||
aSv t{ijvT- Xz-ap-.v Fm a{- \oN-hy-n-I-fn
11. KpcpWm tNm]-Zntm f ]n | \nv {ian-m ^e-an-m-Xm-Ipw.
X{X kw_--h-cn-PnXx |
thtZm-t-ss\h amtW | aqmw Jw
a{m-`ymtkm P]x kvarXx || 1. kzkvXnIw tKmapJw ]Zvaw |
12. Iev]-kqt{X XYm thtZ | hoc-knw-lm-kt\ XYm |
[-imkvt{X ]pcm-WtI | `{Zw apm-k\w ssNh |
CXn-lmtk N hrnbm | abq-cm-k-\-tah N ||
k P]x t{]mNytX abm || 2. kpJm-k-\-k-amJymw N |
hmKvtZmjw Ak-Xy-`m-jWw apX-emb tZmj--fn \haw ap\n-]pw-Kh |
\npw AIv hnip--hmv tcmKm-Zn-hn-ap--amb lrZbw Pm\qthmc-tc IrXzm |
lnwk {IqcX XpS-n-bh Cm--Iw Fn-h-bmWv kayIv ]mZ-Xte Dt` ||
Cuiz-c-]q-P-\w. Bmhv kXyhpw m\-kz-cq-]hpw 3. ka-{Ko-h-iocx Imbx |
kthm-XvIr-hpw \nXyhpw A\-hpw A-cym-an-bp-am-
kzkvXnIw \nXy-a-`y-tkXv |
Wv. Cu knmw \nc-cw {ihnv AXn\p tbmPnv \ne-
bn hniz-kn- p--XmWv knm {ih-Ww. euIn-I-am- kthy Zn-W-Kp^w Xp |
-fn kh-k--X-amb I- A\p-jvTn-p--Xn ]rjvT-]mtiz \ntbm-P-tbXv ||
kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn- p-m-Ip ktm- N-am- Wv e. Kpcp-- m- 4. Zn-tW]n XYm khyw |
cpsS A\p-aXn e`n-mepw thZ-hn-cp--am- Ah-ew- tKmapJw XXv {]N-tX |

N P
 455

I AwKp-jvTm-h[n KrlvWo-bmXv | K
apt\, Bk-\- H]Xp hn[- am-Wv. kzkvXym-k- \w,
lkvXm `ymw hypXv{I-taW Xp || tKmap-Jm\w ]Zvam-k-\w, hncm-k-\w, knwlm-k-\w, _{Zm-
k-\w, apX-m-k-\w, abq-cm-k-\w, kpJm-k\w Ch-bmWv
5. Duthm-cp-]cn hnt]{ |
Ah. app-I-fp-sSbpw XpS-I-fp-sSbpw at[y cp Imep-Ifpw
IrXzm ]mZ-Xe - -Zzmbw | icn- bmb coXn-bnshv Igp-v, Xe, tZlw, Fnh kam-
]m-k\w `thXv {]m | \- `m- th\ [cn- p- Xv kzkvXn- Im- \w. Cu Bk\w \nXyhpw
kch-tcm-K-`Z- -bm-]lw || A`y-kn-m {]bm-k-ap-m-hn-. he-Xp-Im apns\ CS-
6. Zn-tW-Xc ]mZw Xp | Xp-`m-Ks ]rjvT-`mKw hsc sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw CS-Xp-
Im-ense app-Isf he-Xp-` m-Ks ]rjvT -` mKw hsc
Zn-tWm-cpWn hn\y-tkXv |
sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXm tKmap-Jm-k-\-am-W.v cp
EPp-Imb kam-kot\m | ]mZ-fpw cp XpS-If - nepw ho]-co-X-K-Xn-bn shv Ah-
hoc-k-\-ap-Zm-lrXw || bpsS X-hn-c-ep-Isf cp ssII sImavSpw ]nd-In
7. Kp^u Xp hrj-W-kym[x | IqSn ]nSnp sImn-cn-p-Xv ]m-k-\-am-W.v CXv kh-
tcm-K-w `bhpw ian-n- p--Xm-Wv. CSXp Im hep XpS-
kohn\ymx ]miztbmx nt]Xv |
bn shv, icocw \nhn-sh-v, Ccn-p--XmWv hocm-
]miz ]mZu N ]mWn`ymw | k-\w. cp app-I-sfbpw taVy-n\p Xmsg-bmbn ]miz-
ZrVw _[zm kp\n-ew | -fn shv cp Ic--emepw ]miz-`m-K-sbpw ]mZ-
`{Zm-k\w `th-tZ-XZ- zn-j-tcmKx hn\m-i\w || -sfbpw ZrV- ambn _nv Ccn-p--XmWv `{Zm-k-\w.
8. \n]oUy koh\ow kqvaw | CXv hnj-kw-_-n-I-fmb tcmK- \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.
koh-\n-bn-ep eLp-hmb tcJsb he-Xp-Im app-sIm-
Zn-tW-Xc Kp^Xx |
- an hes app-sImv CS-s- Xns\ Aap--
hmaw bmtZy\ Kpt^\ | XmWv apm-k-\w. Dw-ssI-I cpw `qan-bn shv
apm-k\ anZw `thXv || ssIap-p-I-fpsS A{K-`m-K-sf \m`n-bpsS Ccp-]miz--
9. ta{Vm-Zp-]cn \nn]y | fnepw m]nv incpw Imep-Ifpw s]mn BIm- i-n
khyw Kp^w XtYm-]cn | hSn t]mse nXn-sN-p--XmWv abq-cm-k-\w. CXv kh-
]m-]-l-c-am-Ip-p. ico-c - n\v kpJw e`n-- hn[w
Kp^m-cw N kwn]y |
ss[cy-ambn Ccn-p--XmWv kpJm-k-\w. Zp_-e-cmb
apm-k\ anZw apt\ || km[m-c-W-mv Cu Bk\w kzoI-cn-mw. Fm Bk-
10. Iq-tct{K ap\n-t{ijvT | \-fpw D-a-amb coXn-bn A\p-jvTn-m Ign-bp--
\nn-t]-m-`n-]miztbmx | hv {Xntem-I- sbpw Pbn-m Ign-bpw. tbmK-[m-c- Wm-
bp--\mbn Xm kZm {]mWm-bmaw sNp-I.
`qaymw ]mWn-Xe Zzzw |
\nn-ss]y-Im{K am\kx || \memw Jw
11. kap--Xi- ncx ]mtZm |
1. icocw Xmh-tZh kymXv |
Z-hXv thymav\n kwnXx |
j-h-Xyw-Kp-em-Iw |
abq-cm-k-\t- a-X-ZvkymXv |
tZl-at[y inJn-m\w |
kh-]m-]-{]-Wm-i\w ||
X]vX-Pmw-_q-\-Z-{]`w ||
12. tb\ tI\ {]Im-tcW |
2. {XntImWw a\p-Pm\mw Xp |
kpJw ss[cyw N PmbtX |
kXy-bpw ln kmwIrtX |
XXv kpJm-k-\-an-Xyp |
KpZmp ZzywKpem-Zp[zw |
ai--kvXXv kam-{i-tbXv ||
taVymp ZzywKpem-Z[x ||
13. Bk\w hnPnXw tb\ |
3. tZl-a[yw ap\n-t{]m |
PnXw tX\ PK-{bw |
a\p-Pm-\oln kmwIrtX |
At\\ hn[n-\m-bpw |
I-m\w ap\n-t{ijvT |
{]mWm-bmaw kZm Ipcp ||
aqem-[m-cm--hmw-Kpew ||

N P
 456

I 4. NXp-cw-Kp-e-am-bma | \n, iwJn-\o, Kmmc Fo ]Xn-mep \mUn-I apJy-am-

K
hnkvXmcw ap\n-]pw-Kh | sWv. Cu ]Xn-mep \mUn-I- fn aqsw Fm-nepw
Ipp-S m--k-am-Imcw | apJy-am-W.v Cu aqp \mUn-I-fn kpjpav\ F \mUn
kh-t{i-jT v -am-W.v apXp-Ins a[y-`m-K-mbn n sNp
`qjnXw Xp XzKm-Zn`nx ||
tacp Zw An-I-fpsS kaqlw Xs. AXn
5. Xt[y \m`n-cn-Xypw | \npw ]pd-s-Sp kpjpav\m \mUn inc-p-hsc \op-
tbmK-ssap\n ]pwKh | In-S-p--Xm-W.v
I-a-[y-nXm \mUo |
11. \m`n-I-m-Z[x m\w |
kpjp-avt\Xn {]IonXm ||
Ip-eymZzywKpew apt\ |
6. XnjvTn ]cn-X-kvXky |
A-{]-Ir-Xn-cq]m km |
\mtUym ln ap\n-]pw-Kh |
Ipeo ap\n ka ||
Zznk-]vXXn kl-{kmWn |
Xmkmw apJym--XpZi || 12. bYm-h-Zzm-bp-tNmw N |
7. kpjp-an-\m, ]nwK-fm, XZz | UP-em-m-Zo\n \nXyix |
ZnUm, ssNh kc-kzXo | ]cnXx I-]mtizjp |
]qjm, N hcp-Wm, ssNh | \ncp-ssyh kZm nXm ||
lkvXn Pnlzm, bi-kzn\o || 13. kzap-tJ\ kam-thy |
8. Aew-_p-km, Iplq, ssh | {_-c{- -apJw apt\ |
hntizm-Z-cn, X]-kzn\o | kpjp-av\mbm CUm kthy |
iwJn\o ssNh Kmmcm | ZntW ]nwKem nXm ||
CXn apJym--XpZi ||
14. kc-kzXo Iplq-ssh |
9. Bkmw apJym-kvXn-{k-kv{Xntjz
kpjpav\m ]miztbm ntX |
tIm-tam- am
Kmmtcm lkvXn Pnlzm N |
{_-\m-UoXn km t{]mm |
CUmbmx]rjvT -]miztbmx ||
apt\ thZm--th-Zn`nx ||
10. jjvT-a-[y-n-tX-\mm | 15. ]qjm bi-kzn\o ssNh |
hoW-Z-t\ kp{hX | ]nwKem jjvT-]qhtbmx |
kl akvXI ]cyw | Iptlm lkvXn Pnlzmbmx |
kpjpav\m kp{]-Xn-jvTnXm || at[y hntizm-Zco nX ||
a\p-jy-i-c ocw Ah-c-h -cpsS ssIsm--f - m 16. bi-kzn\ym Iptlmat[y |
sXmq-mdv AwKp-e-am-W.v ico-c- a-[y-n-emWv An-bpsS
hcpWm kp{]-Xn-jvTnXm |
m\w AXns \ndw I\-en Imnb kz-Xp-ey-am-
Wv. {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. Rm ]d-bp-Xv icn-bm- ]pjm-bm kc-kzXym |
Ip-p. KpZw apX cw-Kpew Xmsg nXn-sN-p at[y t{]mm bi-kzn\o ||
`mKs ico- c- ns a[y-`m-K-sap ]d- b-Ww. AXp Xs 17. Kmm-cmbm kc-kzXym |
aqem-[m-cw. AhnsS \npw H]-Xw-Kpew apI-fn Iw
at[y t{]mm N iwJn\o |
\ne-sIm-p-p. AXns \ofhpw hoXnbpw \mew-Kpew
hoX-amWv AXns BIrXn tImgn-ap--bvp kaw. AXv Aew-_pkm nXm ]mbp |
]pdsa sXmen sImpw apw s]mXn- n- cn-p-p. I-m- ]cyw I-a-[ybm ||
\-n\v \Sp-mWv \m`n. I at[y- nXn sNp 18. ]qh-`mtK kpjp-av\mbmx |
\mUnsb kpjpav\m \mUn Fp ]d-bp- p. AXns \mep-
cmImbmx kwnXm Iplqx |
`m-K pw Fgp-]- o-cm-bncw \mUn-If - p-v. Ah-b n
kpjp-av\, ]nwK-f, CU, kc-kz-Xn, ]qjm-hc - p-W, lkvXn, A[-tm[zw nXm \mUo |
Pnlz, bi-kzn-\n, Aew-_p-k, Iplp, hntizm-Z-cn, ]b-kzn- bmay \mkm--an-jytX ||
N P
 457

I 19. CUm Xp \hy-\m-kmw | 23. {]mtWm-]m-\-kvXYm hym\x | K

kwnXm ap\n-]pw-Kh | kam-t\m-Zm\ Gh N ||
bi-kzn\o N hmaky | 24. \mKx Ip IrI-tcm |
]mZmw-Kp-jvT m--a n-jytX || tZh-Ztm [\-RvPbx |
20. ]qjm hmam-n-]-cy-m | GtX \mUojp khmkp |
]nwK-em-bmkvXp ]rjvTXx | Ncn Zi hmbhx ||
]b-kzn\o N bmayky Imw t{]mNy-tX- 25. tXjp {]mWm-Zbx ] |
_pss[x apJym ]kp kp{hX |
{]mW kw-kvXY - m-]m\x |
21. kc-kzXo XYm tNm[z |
]qPyx {]mW-kvX-tbmapt\ ||
KXm Pnlzm XYm apt\ |
26. Bky-\m-kn-I-tbmat[y |
lkvXn Pnlzm XYm khy |
\m`n-at[y XYm lrZn |
]mZmw-Kp-jvTm anjytX ||
{]mW-kwPv tVm f \ntem-\nXyw |
22. iwJn\o \ma bm \mUo |
htX ap\n-k-a ||
khy-Im anjytX |
27. A]mt\m htX \nXyw |
Kmmcm khy-t\-{Xmm |
KpZ-a-[ y-cp-Pm- \pjp |
t{]mm thZm thZn`nx | DZtc IIte ISymw |
hntizm-Z-cm-Zn[m \mUo I-at[y hyh-nXm || \m`u PwtL N kp{hX ||
\m`o I-n \nv cw-Kpew Xmsg A-{]-Ir-Xn- 28. hym\x t{im{Xm-n-at[y N |
tbmSp IqSnb Ip-en\n nXn sNp-p. AXv hmbp IIpZv`ymw Kp^-tbm-c]n |
tN- sbbpw Pem---sfbpw Ah-tcm-[np sImp kZm {]mW-mt\ Ktf ssNh |
I-ns cp hi--sf-bpw adv {_-ck apJs
hvtX ap\n-]pw-Kh ||
kzap-J-m adv \ne-sIm-p-p. kpjpav\m \mUn-bpsS
CSXp `mKv CUbpw heXp `mKv ]nwK-fbpw kpjp- 29. DZm-\k - wtm hntbx |
av\-bpsS cp hi--fnepw kc-kz-Xnbpw Iplphpw \nsIm- ]mZtbm lkvXt- bm-c]n |
p-p. CU-bpsS ]pd-In Kmm-cbpw ]qh-`m-Kv kam\x kh-tZ-tljp |
lkvXn Pnlzbpw Iplp-hn\pw lkvXn Pnlz-pw at[y hym]y-Xn-jvTXy kwibx ||
hntizm-Z-cnbpw \ne-sIm-p-p. X]-kzn-\npw Iplp-hn\pw
30. \mKmZn hmbhx ] |
at[y hcpWm \mUnbpw ]pjm-hn\pw kc-kz-Xnpw at[y
]b- kzn-\nbpw Kmmc kc-kzXn Fn-h-bpsS at[y iwJn- XzK-ym-Znjp kwnXx |
\nbpw nXn sNp-p. \m`n-I- - ns a[y-`m-Kp \nizm-tkm-zm-k-Im-km |
\npw KpZw hsc Aew-_pk F \mUn t]mbn-p-v. {]mW-I lnkmw-IrtX |
kpjp-av\v cmIm Fp t] Dv AXns ]qh-`m-K- A]m-\m-Jyky hmtbmkvXp |
mbn Iplp F \mUn Xmsgbpw apI-fnepw nXn
hoaq-{XmZn hnk\w ||
sNp-p. AXv hes \mkn-Im-c{w hsc \op InS-
p-p. CUm \mUn CSs \mknImc{w hsc-bm-Wv. {]mW, A]m-\, hym\, kam- \, DZm- \, \mKw,
bi- kzn\o \mUn he-Xp-Im-ens X-hn-c hscbpw ]qjm Iqw, IrI-cw, tZh- Z-w, [\- RP
v bw Fo ]p hmbp-
F \mUn ]nwK-f-bpsS ]pd-In IqSn heXp Ip kh-\m-Un-I-fnepw k- cnp sImn-cn-p-p. Ah-
hscbpw hym]n- n-c n- p-p. ]b-k zn\n heXp sNhn bn {]mW XpS-nb Ap hmbp- {][m\-am-Wv.
hscbpw kc-kzXn apI-fn \mp hscbpw lkvXn Pnlz {]mW\pw A]m-\-\p-amWv IqSp-X al-Xzw. {]mWm-]m-\-
CSXp Imens X-hn-c hscbpw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. apJpw aqns a[y-`m-Kpw \m`n-bnepw lrZ-b-
iwJn\n F \mUn CSs Ip hscbpw t]mbn-p-v. nepw kZm Ign-bp-p. A]m-\ KpZw D]w XpS apv
hntizm-Z-cs
- a \mUn \m`n I-ns a[y-`m-K-mbn DZcw ISn {]tZiw \m`n Fn-h-bn nsN-p-p.
hym\ sNhn-I-fnepw Ip-I-fnepw kvI-nepw nXn
nXn sNp-p.

N P
 458

I sNp-p. DZm-\ icocw apgp-h\pw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. c\pw CU-bp-sSXv hncmpw BIp-p. ]qjm-\m-Un-bpsS
K
\mKw XpS-nb Ap hmbp- N-nepw An tZhX ]qjmhv Fp t]cp kqcy\pw hcpW \mUn- bpsS
apX-em-b-hb
- nepw nXn sNp-p. izmtkm-zm-kh
- pw tZhX hmbphpw lkvXn Pnlz-bp-sSXv hcp-W\pw bi-kzn-
Imkhpw {]mW-hm-bp-hns I--fm-Wv. ae-aq-{X-hn- \n- b p- t SXv `mkvI - c \pw Aew- _ - b p- tSXv hcp- W \pw
k-\m-Zn-I A]m-\s {]h-\--fm-W.v Kmmcnbp-tSXv N3\pw Iplp-hn-sXv ppw iwJn-
\n-bp-sSXv N{\pw ]b-kzn-\n-bp-sSXv {]Pv]-Xnbpw BWv.
31. kam\x kh-km-ao]yw |
ItcmXn ap\n-]pw-Kh || 39. hntizm-Z-cm-`n-[m-bmkvXp |
32. DZm\x Du[z-K-a\w | `K-hm ]mhIx ]Xn |
Itcm-tXyh \ kwibx | CUmbmw N{am \nXyw |
hymt\m hnhmZ IrXv t{]mtm | Nc-tXyh alm-apt\ ||
apt\ thZm thZn`nx || 40. ]nwK-fmbmw chn-kvX-ZzXv |
33. DZvKm-cmZn KpWm t{]mmx | apt\ thZ-hnZmw hc |
hy\m-Jyky alm-apt\ | ]nwK-fm-bm-an-Umbmw Xp |
[\-RvP-bky tim`mZn | hmtbmx kw{I-aWw Xp bXv |
I-t{]mw ln kmwIrtX || 41. XZp--cm-bWw t{]mw |
34. \nao-e\- m-Zn-Iky | apt\ thZm thZn`nx |
p[m Xp IrI-cky N | CUmbmw ]nwK-embmw Xp |
tZh-Z-ky hnt{] | {]mW kw{I-aWw apt\ ||
X{o-I {]IonXm || 42. Zn-Wm-b-a-\n-Xypw |
36. kpjp-av\mbm inthm tZhx | ]nwK-em-bm-anXn {ipXn |
CUmbm tZhXm lcnx | CUm ]nwK-ftbm knw |
]nwKfmbmx hncnnx kymXv | bZm {]mWx kam-KX ||
kc-kzXym hncmSv apt\ || 43. Aam-hmkym XZm t{]mm |
36. ]pjm-[n-tZ-hXm t{]mm | tZtl tZl `rXmw hc |
hcptWm hmbp tZhXm | aqem-[mcw bZm {]mWx |
lkvXn-Pn-lzm-Zn-[m-bmkvXp | {]hnx ]n-tXm-a ||
hcptam tZhXm `thXn || 44. XZmZyw hnjphw t{]mw |
37. X]-kzn\ym ap\n t{ijvT | X]-s sk-kvXm-]-tkm-a |
`K-hm `mkvIc kvXYm | {]mW-kw-tm-ap-\n-t {ijvT |
Aew-_p-kmbm Aw_mm | aq[m\w {]hn-ti-ZyZm ||
hcpWx ]cn-IonXx || 45. XZyw hnjphpw t{]mw |
38. Iptlm pt-hXm t{]mm | Xm]-ssk-kvX-Xz-Nn-ssIx |
Kmmco N{-tZ-hXm | \nm-tkm-zm-k\w khw |
imJn-\y-{- -am-kvX-ZzXv | amkm \mw kw{Itam `thXv ||
]b-kzn\ymx {]Pm-]Xn || 46. CUmbmx Ip-en-m\w |
bZm {]mWx kam-KXx |
kam-\s IrXyw ico-cw kam-\-\n-eb - n \ne-
\np-I-sb--Xm- W.v DZm-\ kZm apI-fn- temv Kan-p- p. tkma-{K-lW anXypw |
hym\ [z\n hyRvP-I-am-Wv. DZvKm-cmZn KpW- \mK-n- XZm XXz hnZmw hc ||
s-Xm-Wv. [\-RvP-b ico-ct- im` hfp-p. Iq- 47. bZm ]nwK-fbm {]mWx |
ns t{]c-W-bm-emWv t\t{Xm-o-e\w \S-p--Xv. IrI-
Ip-en-m-\-am-KXx |
c-hmbp hnipw Zmlhpw Dm-p-p. tZh-Z--ns
IrXyw Be-ky-am-Wv. kpjpav\m \mUn-bpsS tZhX i- XZm XZm `thXv kqcy-{K-lWw ap\n-]pw-Kh ||

N P

I An-bmWv hntiz-Zc F \mUn-bpsS tZh-X. CUm-
\m-Un-bn N{\pw ]nwK-f-bn kqcy\pw \nXyhpw kn-
cvIp-I-p. ]nwKf CUm Fo \mUn-I-fpsS kwh-c
kw_- n-bmbv {]mW-a-b-kq-cys kw{I-a-Ws - - bmWv
thZm-n- I #p-cm-bW - -sav ]d-bp-Xv AXp-t]mse
CU-bn \npw ]nwK-f-bn-te-p kqcys k{I-a-
Ws Zn-Wm- b-\- sav ]d- bp-p. {]mW, CU, ]nwKf
Fn-h-bpsS kn-bn-se-p-tm ico-c - n Xs
Aam-hmkn hcp-p. {]mW aqe-[m-c - n {]th-in-p-
tm AXv An-a-hn-jp-ht- bm-K-n nXn sN-p-
shv ]d-bp-p. Fm Dzmk \nizm- k- fpw amk kw{Im-
n-bm-sWv ]d-bs - -n-cn-p-p. CU aptJ\ {]mW
Ip- en\o m\-s- p- tm N{-{K-l- W-k-a-b- sav
]d-s-Sp-p. Fm ]nwK-f-\m-Un-bn \npw {]mW
Ip-en-\n-bn hcp-tm AXv kqcy-{K-l-W-am-W.v
48. {io]hXw incxmt\ |
tIZmcw Xp e emStI |
hmcm-Wko alm-{]mPvV |
{`pthm{Lm-Wky a[yta ||
49. Ipcp-t{Xw IpN mt\ |
{]mbKw lrXv ktcm-cptl |
NnZw-_cw Xp lrt[y |
B[mtc Ih-em-ebw ||
50. B-Xow kap-rPy |
_ln-kvXom\n tbm {htPXv |
Icw k alm-cXv\w Xyzm ImNw
hnamtX
51. `mh-Xow ]cw Xow |
{]amWw kh-Ikp |
A\y-Ym-en-KtX Imm |
A\y-Ym-enw-KtX kpXm ||
52. Xom-\n-tXm-b-]qWm\n |
tZhm ImjvTmZn \nn-Xm |
tbmKnt\m \ {]]q-Pyt |
kzm-{]-Xyb Imc-WmXv ||
53. _ln-kvXomXv ]cw Xo |
a-kvXow alm-apt\ |
B-Xow alm-Xow |
A\y-ow \ncIw ||
54. Nn-a-KXw ZpjvSvw |
Xo-kv\m-ss\\ ipyXn |
iX-tim]n Psse[uXw |
kpcm-`m--an-hm-ipNn |
N P
459
55. hnjp-hm-b-\-Im-tejp | K
{KltW Nmtc kZm |
hmcm-Wk - ym-ZntI mt\ |
kv\mXzm iptm `th-cx |
56. m\-tbm-K-]-cmWmw Xp |
]mZ-{]-m-f\w Pew |
`mh-ip-y-a-m\w |
Xow ap\n-]pw-Kh |
inc- n {io ssie-sa Xohpw s\n-bn tIZm-
c-Xohpw aqn\pw ]pcn-I-pw at[y hmcm-W-
knbpw kvX\-Zz-b-m-\v Ipcp-t-{Xhpw lrZb-a-[y-
n NnZw-_-c-Xohpw aqem-[m-c-n Ih-em-e-b-
Xohpw nXn sNp-p. B-Xow kh-Xo-
nepw t{ijvT-am-Wv. Cu Xo- ssIhnv _mly-
Xo-- fn Ae-bp a\p-jy ssIbn-en-cn-p
cXv\w Ifv ImNw At\z-jn-p--h-\m-Wv. `mh-ab
XoamWv kthm-XvIrjvS Xow `mcy-sbbpw ]p{Xn-
sbbpw Benw-K\w sNp-sa- nepw Benw-K-\-nse `mh-
n A- c-ap--tm. tbmKn-Iv B- Xo-n
hnizm-k-a p- -X p-s Imv Ah Pe-a -b -X o-fn
kv\m\w sNp-Itbm Iv, acw, apX-em-bh sImv Xo
{]Xn- a-I ]qPn-p-Itbm sNp-n-. B-Xo-ns
apn ap Zo- shdp-sX-bm-W.v ico-c- n-\p- nse
Zqjn-N - nw _mly-Xo--fn a\w sNbvX-Xp-
sImp am{Xw ip-am-Ip-n-. aZyw \nd IpSw F{X
{]mhiyw ]pdsa Igp-In-bmepw ZpK--ap--am-hn-. ico-
c-n Xs hnjp-h-tbm-Khpw D-cm-b-W-Z-n- Wm-b-\-
kqcy-{K-l-Whpw N{-{K-l-Whpw \S-p-p. aqn
\pw ]pcn-I-n\pw aty nXn sNp hmcm-Wkn apX-
emb Xo--fn _mh- \-tbmsS kv\m\w sNbvXm a\p-
jy\v ]cn-ipn e`n-pw. m\n-I-fpsS AxIcW
ipnv m\ tbmK-Xvev]-c-cmb tbmKn-I- fpsS Imep Ign-
Inb shw anI Xo-am-Wv.
57. Xot Zmt\ Xt] bt |
ImjvtT ]mjm-WtI kZm |
inhw ]iyXn aqVmm |
inth-tZtl {]Xn-jvTntX ||
58. Aw amw ]cn-XyPy |
_lnjvTw bkvXp tkhtX |
lkvXw ]n-ap-rtPy |
entlXv Iq-c-am-\x ||
59. inh-am-\n ]iyn |
{]Xn-amky \ tbmKn\x |
Am\mw `mh-\mmb |
{]Xnam ]cn-I-ev]nXm ||
 460

I 60. A]qh-a-]cw {_ | 2. kmwIrtX irWp hyman | K

kzmm\w kXy-a-Zzbw | \mUo-ipnw kam-kXx |
{]m-\-L-\-am-\-wbx | hn[yp--I kwbpx |
]iyXn k ]iyXn || Ima-k--ev]-hPnXx ||
61. \mUo-]pRvPw kZm-kmcw | 3. bam-Zr-mw-K-kw-bpx |
\c-`mhw alm-apt\ | imx kXy-]-cm-bWw |
kapp Pym-\m-m\ | kzm-\y-h-nXx karKv |
al-an-tXyh [mcb || m\n-`n kpin-nXx ||
62. Ai-cocw ico-tcjp |
4. ]h-Xmt{K \Zo-Xotc |
almw hn`q-an-izcw |
_nez aqte ht\-Yhm |
B\--a--cw-km-mXv |
at\m-cta ipNu tZti |
aXzm [otcm \p timNXn ||
aTw IrXzm kam-lnXx ||
63. hnt`-ZP- -\tI mt\ |
\t m\ _em-pt\ | 5. Bc`y Nmk\w ]mXv |
Bt\m {_tWm t`Z | {]mMv aptJm-ZMvap tJm ]nhm |
akw Inw Icn-jyXn || ka-{Ko-h-incx Imbx |
kwhr-Xmkyx kp\n-ex ||
awK-f-cq-]n-bmb Cuiz-c Cu ico-c - n Xs
nXn-s N-p-p. At-ls Adn-b m Am\n {_m, \mUo-ipn F-s\-bmWv km[n-t--
Xow Pew bw hndIv Iv Fn-h-bn ]cm-m- sXv F\nv ]dp Xcp- I. AX- dn- m F\nv \mUo-
hns\ tXSp-p. ]cm-m-hmb Fs hncv tIhew qe- ip-n-ssI-h--Xn-\p-tijw kZm ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\nv
]vXn-a-Isf ]qPn-p Poh ssIbn-encnp `Ww Poh-p- m-h {]m]n-m Ign-bpw. Fv kmwIrXn ]d-
ssIhnv ssIap-p-I \p-p. tbmKn-I Xs Bm- - tm Zm-t{X-b ]d-p. \mUo-ipn ssIh-cn-t-
hn Xs ]c-am-m-hns\ Zkn-p-p. {]Xn-a-I- fn Zin- Xn-s\-n Rm Npcpn ]d-bmw. imkv{X- thXv
p-n-. hnm-\n-I-fpsS lrZ-b - n `K-hms `mh- hn[n-n-p-v. Im-\p-jvTm\ XXv]-c-ambn _pn hln-p-
\sb DWn Ah aptJ\ Ahv `K- hm- \n hnizmkw I. Ima-\-I-fp-sSbpw ^e--fp-sSbpw BImw shSn-b
P\n-n-p-I-bmWv hn{K-l-- fpsS eyw `n-Im-cy-Im-c-W- Ww. Amw-K-tbmKw ssIh-cnv a\v im-am--Ww.
Cm-- h\pw {]m- \-L-\-kz-cq-]\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw kXyw ]d-bW - w. m\n-I-fmb alm-m-sf ]cn-N-cnv
kXym-\ kzcq-]-hp-amb {_s kzw Bmhmbn Pnm-k-tbmsS Ah-cn \nv m\w t\SWw B
ImWp--h\pw BWv bYm-n ImWp--Xv. a\p-jy- hnNn-- \-n ebn--Ww. ]h-tXm-]-cn-`m-Ktm \Zo-Xo-
i-cocw \mUo-hyqlw am{Xw. AXv kmc-ap--X-. AXn-t\m- ctm GIm h\-{]-tZ-itm hr-p-h- ntem hnip-
Sp B-`mhw hnv ]cm-mhv Rm Xs. F hnizm- hpw ca-Wo-b-hp- amb m\tm B{iaw Xov GIm-
k-tmsS ico-c - n \nh-kn-p-s-n-epw, AXn {K-X-tbmsS AhnsS Ign-b-Ww. ]ns D-cm-`n-ap-J-amtbm
\ns mw `n - a mbn al- mWv B m- h v , AXv Zn- Wm-`n-ap-J-amtbm Ccpv IWvTw incv ico-cw Ch
Fmhpw \mY-\m-Wv. B\ kzcq-]-amb B Aa-c-
ka-\n-eb - n-emn hmb-Sv \n-e\
- mbn hn--Ww.
{_s Adn-bp--h\v Hcn-epw ZpxJap-m-hn-. apt\,
t`Z-ap-f-hm-p Am\w \in-p-tm GIXp aqV- 6. \mkmt{K ii-`rXv _nwt_ |
\mWv Bm-hn\p {_-n\p Xn-ep anYym t`Zs _np-at[y Xpco-bIw |
]cn-K-Wn-p-Xv? {kh aarXw ]tiy |
Amw Jw t{Xm`ymw kp kam-lnXx ||
1. kayIv IYb ta {_ | 7. CUbm {]mW-am-Irjy |
\mUo-ip-Z[nw kam-kXx | ]qc-bn-tXzm-Ztc nXw |
bYm ipym kZm [ymb | XtXm f nw tZl-a-[yw |
Poh-ptm `hm-arlw || [ymb Pzmem-h-eo-bpXw ||

N P
 461

I 8. _np-\m-Z-ka- m-bp | 13. AY sshXXv ]cn-XyPy | K

an-_oPw hnNn--tbXv | kzm-ipnw kam-N-tcXv |
- Xv kayIv |
]mXv hntc-Nb Bm ipx kZm \nXyx |
{]mWw ]nwK-ebm _p[x || kpJ-cq]x kzbw {]`px ||
aqns Av N{-a-ew nXn-sN-p-p. F 14. Am-\m--ent\m `mXn |
`mh-\tbmsS AhnsS {]mW-_n- p-hn Xpco-b- cq-]- \mb ]c- m\mXv iptm `h-Xybw |
am-m-hns\ AarX t{kmXv {]h-ln-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-- Am\ ae-]w bx |
Xmbn Zin-p-I. ]ns CUm-\m-Un-bm {]mW hmbp
mf-tbXv m\tXm bXx |
Dn-tev henv hb- n \ndv tZl-a -[ y- -a mb
Ansb [ym\n--Ww. Dn-temp hen hmbp-hns
k Gh khZm iptm |
k-m An-tZ-h Xs Pzme-I-tfmsS {]Zo-]vX- \m\yx I-ctXm ln kx ||
am- Ipp Fv [ym\n- -Ww. ]noSv {]W-h-_n-p- hn-s\bpw Cu hn[w {]hr-n-m ]w B ipn-p
\mZm--I-amb An _oP-sbpw Nnn--Ww. ]nwKe A\p-jvTm-\ - sN-Ww. Bmhv ip-am-Wv. kzbw
\mUn-bn IqSn {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ kmh-[m-\n sh-fn- {]Im-i-cq-]-am-W.v kpJ kzcq-]-am-W.v CXn amen-\y-ap-s-
bn-tev hnS-Ww. p Btcm- ]Ww Am- \-^-e-amWv. BZyta Xs AXv
9. ]p\x ]nwK-fbm ]qcy | hnip cq]-n Xs nXn sNp-p. Am-\-am-
an-_o-P-a-\p-kva-tcXv | Ip amen\yw m\ Pew sImv Igp-Ip--h ip-
\m-Ip-p. m\w ssIhnv euInI I- -fn apgp-Ip-
]p\hn-tc-Nt- bXv [oam |
-h ip-\m-hp-n-.
CU-ssbh iss\x iss\x ||
10. {XnN-Xphm-kcw hmY | Bdmw Jw
{XnN-Xp hmc-tah hm | 1. {]mWm-bm-a-{Iaw hty |
jSv IrXzm hnN-tc-nXyw | kmwIrtX irWp kmZcw |
cl-tkyhw {Xnk-njp || {]mWm-bma CXn t{]mtm |
11. \mUo-ipn ahm-]vt\mXn | tcN-]q-cI Ipw`ssIx ||
]rYIv Nntm-]-e-nXx | 2. h {Xbm-Imx t{]mm |
icoc eLpXm Zo]vXn ht | tcN-]q-cI Ipw`Imx |
Pmcw-hn\x || k Gj {]Whx t{]mx |
12. \mZm`n hy-cn-tXyX | {]mWm-bm-akvXp Xbx ||
Nnw XXv knn kqNIw | 3. CUbm hmbp amIrjy |
bmh-tZ-Xm\n kw]tiy | ]qc-bn-tXzm-Ztc nXw |
mh-tZhw kam-N-tcXv || iss\x tjmU-i-`namss{X |
]no-Sv ]nwKf \mUn-bn IqSn {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ cImcw X{X kwkva-tcXv ||
Dtmv henv ico-c- n \nd An _oPs Nnn-
4. ]qcnXw [mc-tbXv ]mXv |
-Xn-\p-]-tijw C-Um-\mUn aptJ\ AXns\ ]pd-tv
hnSp-I. Cu {]{Inb aqtm-\mtem Znhkw \nc-cw sNp- NXpx jjvTym-Xp-am-{Xbm |
Itbm \nXyhpw aqp ky- I- fnepw aqtm \mtem Btdm DIm-c-aqn-a-{Xm]n |
{]mhiyw sNp-Itbm thWw. Cu {Inb-bpsS ^e-ambn kwkva-c {]Whw Pt]Xv ||
\mUn ip-ambn Xocp-p. ^ew {]Xy--n-ep-m-Ipw.
5. bmhZzm iIytX XmhZv |
icoc emLhw Pwcm-n-bpsS Do-]\w A\m-lX \mZm-Zn-
hyn XpSnb e-W- {]I-S-am-Ipw. Cu A\p-`qXn [mc-tbXv P]-X-Xv]cx |
Dm-Ip--Xp-hsc \nc-cw A`ymkw sNp-I. Dtiw ]qcnXw tcN-tbXv ]m |
km[n-pw. XzIm-tc-Wm-\new _p[mx ||

N P
 462

I 6. iss\x ]nwK-fbm X{X | K

tm-Sp-IqSn hmbp-hns\ CU-bn IqSn ]Xps shfn-bn-
- m-{Xbm ]p\x |
Zzm{Xnw-i tev hnSp-Ibpw thWw. hopw hopw A`y-kn-p-I.
{]mam-bmtam `th-tZhw | Cs\ {]mWm-bmaw \nXyhpw A`y- kn-- Ww. Bdp amkw
Cs\ sNbvXm m\-lo-\ t]mepw m\n- bm- Ipw.
XX-sshw ka-`y-tkXv ||
Hcp sImw km[Iw sNbvXm {_- km-m- XvImcw en-
{]mWm- bma {Ia- s- n ]d-bmw. {i- tbmsS tIp- p-p. AXp-sIm-mWv \nXyhpw A`y-kn--W-sav ]d-
I. ]qcI Ipw`-I-tc-NI {Inb-I aptJ\ kwb-an-X-am-Ip bp--Xv. tbmKm-`ymk \nc-X\pw [-\n-c-X-\p-am-b-h
{]mW-\mWv {]mWm-bm- aw. Hmm-c-n AImc DImc aIm- {]mWm-bm-a-m m\w t\Sn kmwkvIm-cnI _-\-
c- Fo aqp h- - - fp- v. Ch-bpsS GIo- `m-h-amWv n \npw hnapn t\Sp-p.
{]W-hw. {]mWm-bm-ahpw {]W-hw Xs. CU aptJ\
12. {]mW kwb-a-t\-ss\h |
hmbp-hns\ ]Xps Dn-tep henv DZ-c-n \ndv
AhnsS ]Xn-\mdp am{X-I-tfmSp IqSnb AIm-cs [ym\n- m\-aptm `hn-jyXn |
-Ww. ]ns DZ-c-n \ncp \np hmbp Aev] _mlym-Zm-]q-cWw hmtbm |
kabw \ne-\nn Adp-]-n-\mep am{X-I-tfmSp IqSnb cpZtc ]qctIm ln kx ||
DIm-cs [ym\n-p-sImv {]Whw P]n--Ww. Ign-bp-n-
13. kq-Ipw-`-Im-Zzmtbm |
S- tmfw hmbp- hns\ \ne-\n-dp-- Ww. ]noSv ap-n-cp
am{X-tbmSp IqSnb aIm-cs {i- tbmsS ]qcn-X-amb hmbp- [mcWw Ipw`tIm `thXv |
hns\ kmh-[m-\-n ]pdv hnS-Ww. CXv Hcp {]mWm- _lnhn-tc-N\w hmtbm |
bm-a-ambn. Cs\ \nc-cw A`y-kn-t--Xp-v. cpZ-Im-t{Z-NIw kvarXx ||
7. ]p\x ]nwK-f-bm-]qcy | 14. {]tkz-Z-P-\tIm bkvXp |
amss{Xx tjmU-i-`n-kvXYm | {]mWm-bm-tajp tkm f [ax |
BIm-c-aqn-a-{Xm]n | I\z\w a[yaw hnZym |
kvatc-tZ-Im{K am\kx || Zpm\w tNmaw hnZp ||
8. [mc-tbXv ]qcnXw hnZzm | 15. ]qhw ]qhw {]IphoX |
{]Whw kwP-] hio | bmh-Zp kw`hx |
DIm-c-aqnw k [ymtbXv NXpx | kw`-h-Xyp-ta {]mx |
jym Xp am{Xbm ||
{]mWm-bmta kpJo `thXv | ||
9. aImcw Xp kvac ]m |
16. {]mWm-bm-ta\ Nnw Xp |
t{ZN-tb-Zn-U-bm-\new |
ipw `hXn kp{hX |
Gh-tah ]p\x Ipcym |
Nnt ipt ipNnx kmmXv |
ZnU-bm-]qcy _pn-am ||
{]XyIv tPymXn hyh-nXn ||
10. Ghw ka-`y-tk-nXyw |
{]mWm-bmaw ap\n-izc | 17. {]mW-n-t\ kwbpx |
Gh-a-`ym-ktXm \nXyw | ]c-am-\n XnjvTXn |
jm-km-Zy-Xv\m-hm `th-Xv || {]mWm-bm-a-]-c-k ymky |
11. h-cmXv {_-hn-Zzm kym | ]pcp-jky alm-\x ||
kvam-nXyw ka-`y-tkXv | 18. tZl-tm-n-jvTtX tX\ |
tbmKm-`ym-km-ctXm \nXyw | InwNnXv m\m-Zzn-ap-Xm |
kz[ \nc-X bx || tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`Iw \nXy-a-`y-tkXv
]ns ]nwK-f-\m-Un-bn-eqsS hmbp a-aw henv ]Xn- 19. kh-]m-]-hn-\napx |
\m-dp-am-{X-tbmSp IqSnb BIm-cs GIm-{K-\mbn n-- kayIv m\-a-hm-]v\p-bmXv |
Ww. hmbp hb-dn \nd-bp-tm a\-n-s\bpw C{n-b-
at\m Ph-Xz-am-]vt\mXn |
-sfbpw ]c-]q-ambpw hi-n-em-n Adp-]-n-\mep
am{Xm-hi - n--amb DIm-cs [ym\n-p-Ibpw {]Wh P]- ]en-XmZn N \iyXn ||

N P

I 20. {]mWm-bm-ssa-I-\n-jvTky \ InwNn-Z]n |
Zpe`w XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\ |
{]mWm-bm-am ka-`y-tkXv ||
_mly- hmbp DZ-c-n \nd- p {]{In- bbvv ]qcIw
Fp ]d- bp- p. IpSw shw sImv \nd- p\- \-\- Xp- t]mse
DZcw hmbp-hn-\m \nd-bvp--XmWv Ipw`-Iw. hmbp- hns\
]pd-p-hn-Sp- Xv tcN- Iw. {]mWm-bmaw sNp-tm icoc-
n hnbp-m-bm B {]{Inb A[-a-am-Wv. ico-c-
n hnd-b-ep-m-bm AXv a[y-a-am-W.v {]mWm-bma ka-
bv icocw apI-fn-temv s]mp-Xp t]mse tXmp-Xv
Da coXn-bn-ep {]mWm-bm-a-am-W.v Da knn ssIh-
cp-Xp hsc Xmgv Xc-n-ep-tXm a[ya t{iWn-bn-ep-
fvetXm ]nXp-S-cp-I. Ime-{I-a-n t\sc-bm-bn-sm- pw.
D-a-t{i-Wn-bn s]v {]mWm-bmaw km[n-m a\p-jy
AXyw kpJn-am-\m-Ip-p. AXn-\m Nnw kwip--
am-Ipw. B XXzw kmm-XvI-cn-m km[n-p-p.
{]mWm-bmaw km[n--hs {]mW Nn-kw-tbmKw t\Sn
]c-am-m-hp-ambn tNcp-p. B Ah--bn Ahs
icocw apI-fn-temv s]mpw. mt\m-Z-b-n\pw tam-
{]m-]vXnXvIpw CS-h-cp-p. tcN-I-]q-c-I-sf At]-nv
Ipw`Iw IqSp-X -e mbn A`y-k n- -Ww. A-s \-b p
tbmKnv t{ijvT- m\w e`npw a\v PnX-am-Ip-p.
tcmaw \c-p--Xn\p ImcWamb tcmKw \in-p-p.
{]mWm-bm-a-n \njvT- bp-h - \v Hpw Zpe-`-a-. AXp-
sImv Fm {]Im-c-nepw {]mWm-bma knn ssIh-cp-
p-I.
21. hnt\m-tbm-Km {]h-yan {]mWm-bm-aky
kp{]X |
ky-tbm {_ Imtem]n a[ym-lmt\
hmf-Yhm kZm |
22. _mlyw {]mWw kam-Irjy]qc-bn-tXzm
- Z-tcW N |
\mkmt{K \m`n-at[y N ]mZm-KpjvtT N
[mc-tbXv |
23. kh-tcm-K-h n-\nptm Poth-Zz
j-iXw \cx |
\mkm{K [mc-Wm-Zzm]o PntXm `hXn kp{hX |
24. kh-tcm-K-\n-hrnx kymm-`n-at[y Xp
[mc-WmXv |
icoc eLpXm hn{] ]mZmw-KpjvT \ntXm-[-\mXv
25. Pnlzmbm hmbp-am-Irjy bx ]nt_mXv
kXXw \cx |
{ia-Zm-l-hn-\nptm tbmKo-\o-tcmK Xman-bmXv
26. Pnlzbm hmbp-am-Irjy Pnlzm aqte \ntcm-tbXv
]nw_-Z-ar-Xa- -hy{Kw kIew kJ-am-]yp-bmXv |
N P
463
27. CUbm hmbp-am-Irjy `qthmaty K
\ntcm-[-tbXv |
]n_-Z-ar-X-a-hy{Kw kIew kpJ-am-]v\p-bmXv |
28. CUbm thZ-X--h--kvXYm ]nwK-e-ssb-hN
\u`u \ntcm-[-tb-t\ hym[n-`n apNytX \cx
29. amkm-am{Xw {Xnk-ymbmw Pnlz-bm-tcm
-]y-am-cpXw |
AarXw N ]nt_m-m`u aw aw \ntcm-[-tbXv
30. hmXPmx ]nPm tZmjm \iy-tyh \
kwibx |
\mkm`ymw hmbp-am-Irjy t\{X Zztz
\ntcm-[-tbXv
31. t\{X-tcm-Km-hn-\-iyn XYm t{im{X-\n-tcm-[-\mXv
XYm hmbpw kma-tcm-c]y [mc-tbm-n-c -kn-n-
Xw. intcm tcmKm- h n- \ - i yn kXy- a pw ln
kmwIrtX
{]mWm-bm-a-hn-\n-tbm-Ks ]n C\n ]d-bmw. cp
ky-I-fntem {_- ap-lq- ntem a[ym- - k-a-btm
_mly-hm-bp-hns\ BIjnv DZ-c-n \ndv \ndp-p-
Ibpw DZ-cw, \mkm-{Kw, B`n-Im-a-[y-`m-Kw, Imens s]cp-
hn-c Fn-h-bn hmbp \ne-\npIbpw sNbvXm
kh-tcm-K-hn-ap-n-^-ew. \qdp-h-bv hsc Bbpv Inpw.
\mkm-{K-n \nn- bm {]mW- hmbp hiw- hZw BIpw.
\m`n-a-y- n-em-bm kh- tcm-K- i-a\w ^ew. ]mZmw-Kp- jT
v -
n hmbp \nn- bm ico-c-em-Lhw Dm-Ipw. \mn-
eqsS hmbp ]m\w sNbvXp-sIm-avSn-cvIp-I hynv
oWw, Zmlw Fnh Dm-In-. BtcmKyw e`n-pw.
\mn-eqsS hmbp kzoI-cnv Pnlzm-aq-e - n \ntcm-[nv
im-ambn AXv ]m\w sNbvXm Akp-J-samw amdpw.
CU-ap-tJs\ hmbp kzmI-cnv AXns\ ]qcnI-ns ay-
n \ntcm-[nv AXv Aar- X-]m\w Fv `mhn-m kh-
tcm-K-apn ^ew. CU, ]nwKf Ch-bn-eqsS hmbp kzoI-
cnv \m`n-bn \ntcm-Zn-mepw kh-tcm-K-imn e`n-pw.
Hcp amkw kym-h--\-k-a-b--enepw \mn-eqsS hmbp
AI-tv henv Aar-X-]m-\`- m-h-\-bn-eqsS \m`nbn
Ah-tcm[nm kIe tZmj-epw ian-pw. cv \mkn-
Im-c-{--fn-eq-sSbpw hmbp Dn-tev BIjnv cp
Ip-I-fnepw \ntcm-[n-m t\{X-tcm-K--sfmw ian-pw.
Cns\ hen-s-Sp hmbp-hns\ I--fn \ntcm-[n-
m Fm I-tcm-K- fpw amdn-n-pw. hmbp henv inc-
kn \ntcm-[n-m Fm-hn[ timtcm-tcm-K-fpw amdn-In-
p-p. kmwIr-Xn, Rm ]d--sXmw ]c-am-am-W.v
32. kzkvXn-Im-k-\-am-mb kam-lnX a\mkvm
33. A]m-\-aqzm apm]y {]W-th\ iss\x
iss\x
lkvXm`ymw [c-tbXv kayIv ImZn
Ic-Wm\n N
 464

I 34. AwKp-jvTm`ymw apt\ t{imt{X XP-\o`ymw sSmw KW-]X

K
- n-tbbpw kc-kz-Xn-tbbpw kvacn--Ww.
Xp Npjo ]ns HmwImcw P]n-p-sImv enwK-\m-f-n IqSn ap`m-
\mkm-] p-Sm-h-[m-\m`ymw {]m-Zy-I-c-Wm\n ssh Kv \npw hmbp-hns\ kam-Ijnv AXns\ aqe-[m-c-
ayn m]n--Ww. AhnsS hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[n-
35. B\-m-hn`thm bmh-m-hm
p-sIm-avSn-cp-m Ahn-Ss An {]Zo-]vX-ambn Ipn-
aq[-\n-[ m-c-WmXv
en-\n-bn-tev Ib-dp-p. ]ns hmbp An-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn,
{]mWx {]bm-Xy-t\-ss\h {_-c{w alm-apt\ kpjva-\-bn IqSn apI-fn-tev t]mIp-p.
36. {_-c{w KtX hmbu \mZ-tmXv
43. Gh-a-`y-k-X-kvXky PntXm-hm-bp `thXv `riw
]ZytX f \L
{]tkzZx {]Yax ]mXv I\w ap\n-]pw-Kh
iwJ-[z-\n-\n-`-mZu at[y taJ-z-\n bYm
37 intcm-a-[y-KtX hmbu Kncn-{]-{k-hWw bYm 44. Dm\w N ico-cky Nn-ta-X-n-tXm-\nte
]mXv {]otXm alm-{]x kmm-Zmtm Gh-a-`y-k-Xk
- vXky aqe-tcmtKm hn\-i yXn
ptJm `th-Xv, ]p\-kvX-m-\-\n-jv]-n 45. `K-cw N \w kyh-tcm-Km kmwIrtX
tbmKmXv kwkm-c-\n-p-Xn. ]mX-Im\n hn\-iyn p{ZmWn N alm-an N
kzkvXn-Im-k-\-n-en-cpv GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn HmwIm- 46. \t ]mt] hnipw kymn--Z-Wa - -Zv`pXw
c-P-]-tmsS A]m-\-hm-bp-hns\ ]Xps apI-fn-temv ]p\{_-mZn t`mtKt`ym sshcmKyw
sImv hv Im-Zn-Isf Xs cp ssIsImpw \- PmbtX lrZn
Xp-t]mse Aa-Ww. Cs\ apI-fnse Fm C{n-b-
-sebpw Bh-cWw sNbvXv B\-m-\p-`q-Xn-hsc hmbp- 47. hnc-ky Xp kwkm-cm-vRm\w ssIh-ey-
hns\ Ahn- sS-Xs \ntcm- [n-Ww Atm {]mW {_- km-[Iw
c-{-n {]th-inpw AtXmsS BZyw iwJ-\m-Zw-t]m- tX\-]m-]m-]-lm\nx kymmXzm tZhw
ep #wK-`o-c-[z\n tImw. hmbp intcm-a-[y-n kZm-inhw
nXn-sN-p-tm ]h-X-n \nv ]Xn-p Acp-hn- 48. m\-ar-X-ctkm tb\ kIr-Zm-kzm-ZntXm
bp-tS- Xp-t]mse i_vZw tImw. AtXmsS tbmKnv {]k- `thXv
X ssIhcpw; B-km-mmcw knnpw kmwkm-
k kh-Im-cy-ap-rPy Xss{Xh ]cn-[m-hXn
cnI _--fn \nv tamN-\hpw e`n-p-p.
49. m\-kz-cq-]-ta-h-d-lp PK-tZ-X-Zzn-e
- Ww
38. Zn-tWm--c-Kpt^\ koh\ow
A-kz-cq-] -a-m-\m-Xv]-iy-y-t\y-Ip-Zr-bx
]oU-tbXv ncw
50. B-kz-cq] hnm-\m-Zvm-\ky ]cn-bx
39. kthy-X-cW Kpt^\ ]nU-tbZv _pn-am-cx
ntW-mt\ alm-{]m cmKm-Zo\mw
Pmt\zm-c[xnXmw knw kvarXzm tZhw
]cn-bx
{Xnbw-_Iw
51. cmKmZy kw`th {]m-]p-Wy-]m] hna\w
40. hn\m-bIw N kwkvarXy XYm hmKo-izcow ]p\x
Xtbm\m-tim-i-co-tcW \w]p\x kw{]-bp-Py
enwK-\m-fmXv kamI jy hmbp-a-]y-{KtXm apt\
tX CXn.
41. {]W-th\ \nbp-t\ _np bpt\
_pn-am Cs\ \nc--c- amb A`ym-k- m hmbp-hns\ Pbn-
mw. BZyw hnbp-mIpw; ]ns hnd-b ]ns ico-
aqem-[m-cky hnt{]{ at[y Xw Xp \ntcm-[-tbXv
c-n Duz-K-a-\w. Cu e-W--sfmw hmbp-hns\
42. \ncp[ym hmbp\m Zo]vtXm hn-cq-lXn Pbn-m-\p-h- b
- mWv Cu A`ymkw \nc-cw sNp--
Ieow hs tcmK-samw \in-p-p. {]mW-bm-a-m `K-cw
]p\x kpjp-av\bm hmbp hn\m XpS-nb tcmK-epw ian-p-p. ]m]\mihpw Dm-hp-
kl-K--Xn. p. a\v Im-Sn-t]mse ip-am-Ipw. {_m-Zn-tZ-ham-
KpZ-n\pw D]--n\pw at[y-bp \mUn-bmWv cpsS B\--km-{-amb temIw {]m]n--W-sa Bibpw
koh-\n. Fp-sIm-s- m AXmWv ico-c-ns cp ian-pw. t`mK-P-\y-amb kpJ--fn hncn Dm-Ipp.
`mK--sfbpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p--Xv. koh-\nsb Xs Ccp- ]c-am t_m[w P\n-p-p. hnj-b- \-s-m
h-i--fn-tepw Aan Dd-n-cpv apn-\p-Xm-tg-bp ]m]-]p-Wv Ah-ti-jn-p-n- . AtXmsS ]p\Pa-
{Xnbw-_Iw F tPmXn- -enw-Ks `mh-\- sN-- Ww. AtXm- sa- Sp-t ImXyhpw Dm-In-.

N P

I Ggmw Jw.
1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman {]Xym-lmcw alm-apt\
C{n-bmWmw hnN-cXmw hnj-tbjp kz`m-hXx
2. _em-Zm-l-cWw tXjmw {]Xym-lcx k DNytX
bXv ]iyXn Xp Xkhw {_-]-iy
kam-lnXx
3. {]Xym-ltcm `th-tZj {_-hnZv`nx ]ptcm-ZnXx
bZyXv ip-am-ipw hm ItcmXym ac-Wm-nIw
4. Xhw {_tW IpcymXv {]Xym-lcx k
DNytX
AYhm \nXy-ImWn {_m-cm-[\ _pnXx
5. Imaym\n N XYm IpcymXv {]Xym-lmcx k DNytX
AYhm hmbp-am-Irjy m\mXv m\w
\ntcm-[-tbXv
6. Z-aq-em-Ym IWvtT IWvTm-Zp-c-kn-am-cpXw
Dtcm-tZ-imZv kam-Irjy \m`n-tZti \ntcm-[-tbXv
7. \m`n-tZ-imXv kam-Irjy Ipeymw
Xp\n-tcm-[-tbXv
Ip-eo-tZ-itXm hnZzm aqe-[mtc
\ntcm-[-tbXv
8. AYm-]m-\mXv ISn-Zztz XtYmcu N kpa-[yta
Xkvam-m-\p-Zztb PwtL ]mZmw-KpjvtT
\ntcm-[-tbXv
9. {]Xym-lm-tcmb apkvXp {]Xym-lm-ck - vasscx
]pcm
Gh-a-`ymk bpky ]pcp-jky alm-\x
alm-ap-t\, C\n Rm {]Xym-lm-c-s-n ]d-bmw.
kzm`m-ths\ hnj-b - -fn k-cn-p C{nbsf
_e-ambn C{n-b- - en \nv {]Xym-l-cn-p-I-bmWv {]Xym-
lm-cw. a\p-jy ImWp-- sXmw {_- amWv Fp `mh-
\-tbmsS {_-n Xs a\- ns\ GIm- {K-am-p--Xn\v
{]Xym-lmcw Fv ]d-bp-p. acWw hsc a\p-jy sNbvXn-
p Fm ip`m-ip-`-I-epw Ah ]c-am-m-hn
kan--Ww. AXpw {]Xym-lm-c- am-Wv. \nXy-I-epw
`K-h-Zn-X- I-epw {]Xym-lm-c-n s]Sp-p. hmbp-
hns\ Hcp m\v \nv BIjnv asmcp m\v
Dd-n--Ww. Z-aq-e-n \nv hmbp-hns\ BIjnv
lrZ-b-nepw lrZ-b-n \nv \m`n-bn- tepw \m`n- bn
\n Ip-en-\n-bn-tepw Ip-en-\n-bn \nv aqem-
[m-c-n-tepw m]n--Ww. hopw AhnsS\nv amn
IvSn{]-tZ-i-ns cv hi--fn-tepw B-Ww. ]ns
XpS-I- fpsS ay-`m- Kv m]n--Ww. XpS-I-fn \nv app-
I-fnepw app-If- n \nv IWw-Im-ep-I-fnepw IWw-Im-ep-
I-fn \nv Imense s]cp-hn-c-ep-I-fnepw sImp-t]mbn
N P
465
hmbp-hns\ \ntcm-[n-p-I. {]mNo-\-Imew apX {]Xym-lm- K
c-{]-{In-bb
- n apgp-In-I-gn alm-m--sfmw CXn-s\-
bmWv {]Xym-lmcw Fv Nqn-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv.
10. kh-]m-]m\n \iyn `h-tcm-K kp{hX
\mkm`ymw hmbp-am-Irjy \nex
kzkvXn-Im-k\x
11. ]qc-tb-Z-\n-ew hnZzm-\m-]m-ZX
- e akvXIw
]m-Xv]m-ZZ- ztb XZzm aqem-[mtc XtYh N.
12. \m`n-It N lrt[y IWvT-aqte N XmeptI
{`pthmat[y eemtS N XYm aq[\n [mc-tbXv
13. tZtl kzm-aXnw hnZzm kam-Irjy
kam-lnXx
B-\m-\n \nZztz \nhn-It]
\ntcm-[-tb-Xv.
14. {]Xym-lmcx kam-JymXx kmmXv
thZm--th-Zn`nx
Gha-`y-kX- k
- vXky \ InNn-Z]n Zpe`w
{]Xym-l mcw ioen-p--hc - psS kI-e] - m-]
- pew
kmwkm-cn-IZpxJhpw ian- p-p. nc-Nn--\mbn kzkvXn-
Im-k-\-n-en-cpv cp \mkn-Im-c-{--fn-ep-sSbpw hmbp-
hns\ BIjnv ]mZw apX inc-p-hs - c-bp m\-
-fn \nd-bvvWw. ]ns cv ]mZ--fnepw aqem-[m-c-
nepw \m`n-I- -nepw lrZ- b-a-[y- nepw s\n- bnepw inc-
nepw hmbn-hns\ m]n--Ww. hmbp-[m-c-I-amb {]Xym-
lm-ca- m-Wn-Xv. GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn B- _pn ]cn-Xy-Nnv
\nhn-I-amb Bm-hn B-_pn m]n--Ww.
CXp- Xs bYm-amb {]Xym-lm-c-sav thZm- - th-Zn- I
]d-bp-p. Cs\ {]Xym-lmcw A`y-kn-p--h\v temI-
n- sempw Zpe-`-am-In-.
Fmw Jw
1. AYXx kw{]-h-yman [mcWmx ] kp{hX
tZl-a-[y-KtX thymav\n _mlym-Imiw Xp
[mc-tbXv
2. {]mtWm _mly-\new XZz-z-et\ Nmn-au-Ztc
tXmbw tXmbw-itI `qanw `qan-`mtK alm-apt\
3. lb-h-c-eI- m-cmJymw a{-ap-m-c-tbXv {IamXv
[mc-ssWjm ]cm-t{]mm kh-]m]
hntim-[n\o
4. Pm\zmw ]rYnho-lywtim ly]mw-]m-bz
--ap-NytX
lrZ-bmw-ik - vX-Y-ymwtim {`qa-[ymtm
\nemw-iIx

I 5. BIm-imw-i-kvXYm {]m aqmwix
]cn-IonXx
{_mWw ]rYn-ho-`mtK hnjvWpw
tXmbmw-itI XYm
6. Aywti N atl-im-\a
- o-kzcw Nm\n-emw-itI
BIm-imwti alm-{]m [mc-tbp
kZm-inhw
7. AYhm Xh hyman [mcWw ap\n-]pw-Kh
]pcpj kh-im-kvXmcw t_m[m-\--abw inhw.
8. [mc-tbXv _pn-am-nXy kh-]m-]-hn-ip-tb
{_m-Zn-Im-cy-cp-]mWn tkz tkz
kwlrXy ImcWw
9. kh-Im-c-Wa
- -hy- -a-\n-cq-] y-a-tN-\ Xw
kmm-Zm-\n kw]qt [mc-tbXv
{]W-thh Xp
C{n-bmWn kam-lrXy a\-km-\n tbmP-tbXv
tlm, kp{h-X, C\n Rm A-tbmSv ]-[m-c-W-I-
sf- p-d nv ]d-b mw. tkzl- n-X -amb BIm-i - n
_mlym-Im-is [cn--Ww. As\ {]mW-\n \nv
_mly-hm-bp-hn-s\bpw PT-cm-n-bn \nv _mlym-n-
sbbpw tZl-P-e-n \nv _mly Pe-sbpw `qhn-`m-
Kv `qan-sbbpw [cn--Ww. Hn-s\bpw [cn-p-tm
bYm-{Iaw lw, bw, cw, hw, ew Fo _oP-a-{- D-
cn--Ww. Cu [mcWw kh-t{ijvThpw kh-]m-]-l-c-hp-
am-Wv. ]mZw apX apv hsc-bp `mKw `qan-bpsS Awi-
sapw app-ap-X KpZw hsc-bp `mKw Pemw-i-sapw
KpZw apX lrZbw hsc-bp `mKw Aymwiw Fp
lrZbw apX {`qa[yw hsc-bp `mKw hmbp-hns
Awiw Fp intcm- `mKw BIm-imw- i-sap ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
`qan-bpsS Awi-n {_m-hn-s\bpw Pemw-i-n
hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw Aymw-i-n atl-iz-c-s\bpw hmbn-
hns Ai-n Cuiz-c-s\bpw BIm-i- n kZm inh-
s\bpw [ym\n--Ww. asmcp [mc-Wsbn C\n ]d-bmw.
m\n-I kzmm-hn t_m[-a-b\pw B\-a - -b\pw
Ieym-W-a-b\pw Bb ]c-am-m-hns\ \nXyhpw [cn--Ww.
Cs\ sNbvXm kh ]m]-ap-n-\m-Ipw. Imcy-cq-]--
fmb {_m-Zn-Ise Ah- cpsS Imc-W-n ebn-nv _pn-
smw A\nh-N-\o-b\pw ]c-a-Im-c-W-]p-cp-j\pw Ahy-
-\p-amb ]c-ta-iz-cs\ kzmm-hn [mc-W-sN-Ww
As\ sNp-tm Xs a\-n-e\v kI-e-I-em-bp--
amb HmwIm-c-cq-]n-bmb ]c-ta-iz-c-\n kzbw kaWw
sN-Ww.
N P
466
H]Xmw Jw K
1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman [ym\w
kwkm-c-\m-i\w
EXw, kXyw, ]cw-{_ kh-kw-kmtc t`jPw
2. Duz-tcXw hniz-cq]w hncq-]mw atl-izcw
tkml-an-Xym-Z-tc-ssWh [ymtb-tZym-Ko-iz-tc-izcw
3. AY-hm-k -Xy-ao-im\w m\-am-\-a
- -Zzbw
AXy-a-New \nXy-am-Zn-a-ym hnXw
4. XYm f qe-\m-I m-i-a-kw-kv]r-iy- a-Nm- pjw
\ ckw \ NK-mJy a{]-ta-b-a-\p-]aw
5. Bm\w kn-Zm-\
- -aw {_ kp{hX
Al-a-kvao-Xy-`v[ ym-tb-ty-bm-X oXw hnap-tb
6. Gh a`ym-k-bp-ky ]pcp-jky alm-\x
{Iam-tZz-Zm--hn-m\w hnPm-tbX \ kwibx
C\n kwkm-c -\m-i-I-amb [ym\-s-n ]dbmw.
tbmKo-iz-camv Cuiz-c -\m-b -h\pw hncq-]m- \pw
Du-tc-Xpw kIe kwkm-cZpxJn\v GI-am-ss{X-
j-[hpw hniz-cq-]\pw atl-iz-c\pw kXy-kz-cq-]-\p-amb ]c-
{_-s B-cq-]n `n]qw [ym\n--Ww. B
[ym\w ]c-{_ Rm Xs-bm-sW `mh-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
Xsbmbn-cn--Ww. [ym\w asm-c p-hn-[-n-ep-am-h mw.
kth-iz-c\pw kXy-kz-cq-]\pw B\-a - -b\pw AZzn-Xo-
b\pw \na-e\pw m\-kz-cq-]\pw BZy-a- ym--lo-\\pw
\nXy\pw Atlm-N-c\pw tZlm-Xo-X-\p-amb ]c-am-m-hns\
Nnn-p-I. _pn-sImv B ]c-{_ Rm Xs-bm-
sWv `mhn-p-Ibpw thWw. Cu hn[-n-ep Nn-
bnepw A`ym-k - -enepw ebn-n-cn-p alm-m-hns\
thtZm--amb {_-X-Xz-ns kwi-b-c-ln-X-amb hnti-
j-m\w e`n-pw.
]mw Jw
1. AYmXx kw{]-h-yman kam[nw `h-\m-i\w
kam[nx kwhn-Zp-Xv]nx ]c-Po-ssh-I-Xmw-{]Xn
2. \nXyx kh-K-tXm-lymm IqStm
tZj-hnXx
GIx kw`n-ZytX {`mym ambbm \ kzcq-]Xx
3. Xkvam-Z-ssZz-X-ta-hm-kvXn\ {]]tm \
kwkrXnx
bYm-Itim LS-Imtim aTm-Imi CXo-cnXx
4. XYm {`mss Zzn[m t{]mm lymm
Poth-izcm
\m, \mlw tZthm \ N {]mtWm t\{n-bmWn
at\m \ln.
 467

I 5. kZm kmn kzcq-]-Xzm-nh Ghmkvan tIhex m `n-am-bn-Im-W-s-Sp-p. bYm-n Pohm-- K

CXn [ocym ap\n-t{ijvT km kam-[n-cn-tlm-NytX ]-c-am-m-v t`Z-an-. AXn-\m AssZz-X-`m-h\ - -X-s-
bmWv kXyw. {]]w Fsm-n-. BIm-i-s-Xs
6. kmlw {_ \ kwkmco \ atm f \yx
LSm-Im-i-sapw aTm-Im-i -s apw ]d-bp- -Xp-t]mse
IZm-N\
Am\nI Hcp Cuiz-c-s\-Xs Poh-s\pw {_-
bYm t^\-Xc - w-KZn kap-{Zm-Zp-n\w ]p\x sapw cp-hn-[- n ImWp-p. Bcv kzbw tZl- sapw
7. kapt{Z eobtX XZz--ka--\p-e-btX {]mW-s\pw C{n-b-s apw a\-spw Icp-X msX
Xkvam a\x ]rY-Mv\mkvXn PKambm N kmn-kz-cq-]-n nXn-sN-p Htc-in-h-cq-]-amb ]c-
\mkvXn ln am-mhv Xs-bm-sWv Icp-Xp--Xv, Ah-cpsS Cu hn[-
8. bsskyhw ]c-am-mbw {]Xyp-Kv`pXx {]Im-inXx ap \n-bm-I _pn-sb-bmWv kam-[n-sbv ]d-bp--
Xv. bYm-n Rm Cuiz-c-\m-Wv, kwkm-c-_--
k Xp bmXn N ]p`mhw kzbw
n AI-s-n-cn-p Pohn-b- , Fn \nv `n-ambn
kmm-Xv]-cm-arXw
Hcp hkvXp-hn\pw AnXzw C \ncbpw ]Xbpw kap-{Z-
9. bZm a\kn ssNX\yw `mXn kh-{XKw kZm n \np-mbn kap-{Z-n Xs hnebw sImp-
tbmKnt\m f hyh-[m-t\\ XZm-kw-]-ZytX kzbw - Xp-t]mse Cu PKpw Fn \np Dmbn Fn
10. bZm khmWn `qXm\n kzm-t\yh ln ]iyXn Xs ebn-p-p. AXn-\m krnv Imc-W-`q-X-amb
kh-`q-tXjp Nmm\w {_-kw-]-ZytX XZm a\pw Fn \nv `n-a-. ]c-am-m-hn\v kzm-cq-]-
11. bZm khmWn `qXm\n kam-[ntm \ ]iyXn n ImWp hyn {_Xzw {]m]n-p-p. m\n
kh-Po-hn-I-sfbpw Xn Xs ImWp-Ibpw Fm Pohn-
GIo-`qXx ]tc-Wku XZm `hXn tIhex I-fnepw Xm nXn-sN-p--Xmbn {Kln-p-Ibpw sNp-
12. bZn ]iyXn Nmm\w tIhew ]c-amXx p. kam-[n- ]c-am-m-hp-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv
ambm-am{Xw PK-ZvIrkv\w XZm `hXn \nhrXnx Xn \nv `n- ambn Hcp {]mWn- tbbpw ImWm-Xn- cn-p
13. Gh-apzm k `K-hm Zm-t{Xtbm alm-ap\nx Ah hcp-tm Ah ]c-am--kz-cq-] - n Xs-
bmWv nXn-sN-p--Xv. Xs Bm-hns\ am{Xw kXy-
kmwIrXnx kzkz-cq-t]W kpJ-am-kvtXXn
kz-cq-]-n ImWp-Ibpw kh-P-K-n-t\bpw amb-bpsS
\n`bx
eoem-hn- em-k-sav a\-n- em-p-Ibpw sNp- tm Ah
temI-hp-am-bp _-sf hnt-Zn-p kam-[n- ]c-am-\w {]m]n-p-p. Cs\ D]-tZiw \In-b-Xn-\p-
sb-n C\n ]d-bmw. ]c-am-m-hn-sbpw Pohm-m-hn- tijw Zm-t{X-b au\w-`p-Pnp kmwIr-Xn-ap\n B D]-
sbpw GIo-`m-hs kw_-n-n-p \n-bm--I-amb tZiw {Klnv Xs bYm cq]-n Ccp-p-sImv
_pn-b psS {]I-S \w Xs-b mWv kam-[ n. Bmhv `b-c-ln-X\pw B\--a-b\pw Nn-b-kz-cq-]-\p-am-bn.
\nXyhpw GI-c-k-bp-hpw kh-hym-]nbpw kh-tZm-j-
Pm_m-e-Zi-t\m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
hn-lo-\h- p-amWv AXv Hm-sW-nepw ambm-P-\n-X- amb {`a-

1 Pm_m-eyp-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw cWw ta AkvX p. XZm--\n-c tX b D]-\ n-j-p-

Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mWm-- [kvtX abn kp tX abn kp.
p-t{im-{X-atYm _e-an-{n-b mWn N khm-W n. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
khw {_tm-]-\n-j-Zw. amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw Fs Awl- ]pn {]m]n--s. hmv {]ma
amam {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\ncm IcW akvXz-\n-cm-I- t\{Xw t{im{Xw _ew C{n-b- Fmw ]pn {]m]n--
N P
 468

I s. Fm D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw {_-am-Ip-p. Rm {_- ss]-em-Zn-bm Cs\ tNmZn--sv Pm_men

K
sbpw {_w Fsbpw ssIhn-Sm-Xn-cn--s. A-s\- Fmw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p. Alw-Im-c-bp--\mb ]ip-]Xn
bp F\nv D]-\n-j-n {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-p [- Xs-bmWv {]m]-n-I-Po-h-\mb ]ip-hm-bn-o-cp--X v.
ssIh-c-s. Ah Fn Dsm--s. Hmw imnx kh-\pw krn, nXn, kwlm-cw, Xntcm-`m- hw, A\p-
imnx imnx {Klw Cu Ap IrXy--fn k-\pw kth-iz-c-\p-
amb Cuiz-c Xs- bmWv ]ip-]-Xn.
1. lcn Hmw AY ssl\w `K-hw Pm_menw ss]-
em`nw ]{] `K-hm ta {_qln ]c-a-XXz clkyw 12. tI ]ih CXn ]p\x k Xap-hmN Pohm ]ih
Dmx XXv]-Xn-XzmXv ]ip-]Xn?
ss]-em-Zn-`K
- -hm-\mb Pm_m-en-tbmSv tNmZnp: `K-
hms\ As-\nv ]c-a-X-Xz-ckyw ]d-p-X-cmtam? ss]- emZn tNmZnp: ]ip BcmWv? Pm_men ]d- p.
Poh Xs-bmWv ]ip. Ah-bpsS ]Xn-bm-b-Xp-sImv
2. Inw Xzw tIm Pohx Ix ]ipx Ix Cuix tIm At-ls ]ip-]Xn Fp ]d-bp-p.
tamtm-]mb CXn.
13. k]p-\ kvX w tlm hmN IYw Pohmx ]ih
FmWv XXzw? FmWv Poh? FmWv ]ip? CXn? IYw XXv
BcmWv Cuiz-c? tamtm-]mbw FmWv?
]Xn-cnXn?
3. k Xw tlmhmN km[p ]rw, khw \nth-Z-
bman bYm mX-an-Xn. ss]-emZn hopw At-l-tmSv tNmZnp: Pohs\
]ip- shv Fp- sImv ]d- bp- p. Fs\ Cuiz-c Ah-
Pm_men ]dp: tNmZyw Ghpw D-a-am-bn-cn-p- bpsS ]Xn-bm-Ip-p.
p. AXn-\m F\n--dn-bm-hp--sXmw Rm ]dp
Xcmw.
14. k X ap hm N bYm Xr Wmint\m hnth-I-
lo\mx ]c-t{]jymx Irjym-Zn-I-kp-\n-bpmx
4. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- I
- p-X-kvXbm m\-anXn kIe ZpxJ k lmx kz kzman-_ -[ y-am\m Khm
5. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- j
- Um-\-\m-ZnXn Zbx ]ihx bYm XXv kzman\x Ch kh
Cuix ]ip-]Xnx
6. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- t- X\mY IptXm mX anXn
Pm_men ]d-p: ]pp- Xn- p- -hbpw hnth-I-an- m- -
7. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- t- Xt\-im-\m-ZnXn hbpw A\yv Zmkyw sNp- -h bpw Irjn-I m-c y-
8. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- I
- Yw Xkvam-t\ pw apw D]-tbm-K -s-S p- p- -h bpw ]e-h n[
mX anXn ZpxJepw kln-p--hbpw _-\ - n Ign-bp--h-
bp-amb ]ip apX- emb arK- GsX-nepw bP-am-\s
9. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- X
- Zp-]m-k-\m-ZnXn A[o- \-X-bn Ign-bp--Xp-t]mse Fm Poh\pw kh- -
10. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- `- K-h Ir]bm ta kc- \mb Cuiz-c s A[o-\ -X -b n Ign-b p- -X p-s Imv
lkyw khw \nth-Z-tbXn Cuizc ]ip-]X - n-bm-bn.
15. XXvm\w tIt\m-]m-tb\ PmbtX?
ss]n-emZn ]dp: Av Cu ]ca XXz-c-lkyw
Fs\ Adnp: 16. ]p\x k Xap-hm-N- h
- n-`qXn [mc-Wm-tZ-h.
Atlw Fhn-sS-\n--dn-p. 17. XXv {]Imcx IY-an-Xn, Ip{X Ip{X [mcym?
Rm jap-J-\n \npw Adn-p. ss]-e mZn: B m\w Fs\ t\Smw?
Atlw Cuiz-c-\n\ndn-p. Pm_men hn`qXn [mcWw sImv B m\w knn-p-
p. ss]-emZn: AXns hn[n FmWv? GtX-sXmw
Atlw F-s\-bm-W-dn-Xv?
m\--fn-emWv AXv [cn-t-Xv?
Atlw D]m-k\ sIm- dn-p.
18. ]p\x k Xap-hmN ktZym-Pm-XmZn ]-{_
`K-hms\ Fm B cl- ky--sfmw Zb-hp-sNbvXv ass{ `kva kwKrly An-cnXn `kvta \yt\X
F\np ]dp Xcp-I. A`n- a - {y- a m- \ - k v t XmI CXn kar- y- X y- P -t e\
ktX\ ]rx khw \nth-Z-bm-amk XXzw kw krPy {Xymbp- j - a nX n intcm- e - e m- S - h x
]ip-]-Xn-c-lw-Im-cm-hnx kwkmco Poh Gh ]ipx kv I t- j znXn Xnkr- ` n- k v X ym- b p- s sj- k v { Xbw
khx ]-Ir-Xy-k-x kth-izc Cuix _ssIx kvXnt{km tcJmx {]Ipho-X-{hX taXXv
]ip-] Xnx imw`hw kthjp thtZjp thZ-h m-Zn-` n-c pw

N P
 469

I `hXn XXv kam-N-tcXv apap-p\ ]p\`-hmb AXns {]Y-a-t cJ Kml-]-Xymn ctPm-KpWw K

Pm_men ]dp: ktZym PmXmZn ]-{_-a
m `kva-sa-Spv An-cnX `kva F a{-m
AXns\ [cn-p-Ibpw sh-n Ipgv {Xymbpjw F
a{-m Xe, s\n, s\n, tXm Fo `mK--fn
{Xmbp- jw, ss{Xyw_Iw Fo a{- -fm aqp tcJ hc-
bvp-Ibpw sNpI F imw`-h-{hXw kIe thZ--
fnepw thZ-hm- Zn-I- fmepw ]d-b-s-n-cn- p-p. Cu {hXw BN-
cn-m apap-p-v ]p\Pw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
19. AY k\Xv Ipamcx {]amWw ]rXn {Xn]p- {Xp]pw [cn-t--Xv.
{- [ m- c - W ky {Xn[m tcJm Be- e mSm ZmN-
ptjm cm{`p-thma-[y-X
k\-X vI p-a m-c AXn\v {]amWw tNmZn- -tm
Pm_men ]dp: inc- n\pw Np- n\pw ]pcn-I -
pw at[y-bmbn {Xn]p{w [cn--Ww.
20. bm f ky {]Yam tcJm km Kml- ] Xy
Imtcm ctPm `qtemIx kzmm {Inbm-i n
EtKzZx {]mXx kh\w {]Pm-]-XntZthm tZh-tX-
Xn. bmky ZznXob tcJm km ZnWm ncp-Imcx
k z- a - - c o- - a - - c m m tN m i n
bPpthtZm am[y- n-\-k -h\w hnjvWp tZthm
tZh-tXXn bm f ky XrXob tcJm km f lh-
\obm aIm-ck - vXtam Zyu temIx ]c-amm m\-
inx kma-th` kv{XoXob kh\w alm-tZthm
tZh-tXXn {Xn]p{w `kva\m ItcmXn
AImcw `qtem-Iw, kzmmhv {Inbm-i- n, EtKzZw {]mXx
- -{-
kh\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-W.v AXns tZhX {]Pm-]-
Xn- bm-Ip-p. AXnse ZznXo-b-tcJ Zn-Wm-n, DImcw kXz-
Kp-Ww, A-co temIw, A-cm-mhv Cm-i -n,
bPqthZw am[y-n-\k - -h\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
AXns tZhX hnjvWp-hm-Ip-p. XrXob tcJ Bl-h-\o-
bmn aImcw Xtam KpWw ZyptemIw ]c-am-mhv m\-
in kma-thZw XrXob kh\w Fn-h-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-
Wv. AXns tZh-X-a-lm-tZ-h\ - m-Ip-p. `kvaw sImmWv
21. tbm hnZzm {_-Nmco Krlo hm\-{]tm
bXn hm k alm-]m-X-tIm-]-]mX tI`yx ]qtXm
`hXn. k khm tZhm t[ymtXm `h-Xn. k
kthjp Xotjp kv\mtXm `h-Xn, kI-e-cp-
{Z-a-{-P]o `h-X n, \ k ]p\-c m-htX \ k
]p\-cm-htX CXn Hmw kZn-Xyp-]-\n-jX- v.
Cu {Xp]p-{-tc-J-I [cn-p m\n {_-Nm-
cntbm Krl-t\m hm\-{]-t\m k\ym-kntbm Bcm-
bmepw Ah alm-]m-X-I- -fn \npw D]-]m-X-I-fn
\npw ap-\mbn `hn-p-p. Ah kI-e-tZ-h- m-scbpw
[ym\n--h-\m-Ip-p. kh-Xo--fnepw kv\m\w sNbvX-
h-\mbn Xocp-p. Ah kh-cp-{Z-a-{-fpw P]n--h\ - p-
am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah\v ]p\P--an-. CXv kXy-amWv Fv
D]-\n- jv
Pm_m-eyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 Xpco-bm-Xn-tXm-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw 1. AY Xpco-b m-X o-X m-h -[ q-X m\mw tImbw am-
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q anZw. ]qmXv ]q- kvtXjmw Im nXn coXn ]nXm-atlm `K-hw
ap-Z-N ytXx ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm ]nX-c-am-Zn-\m-cm-bWw ]cn-k-ta-tXym-hmN Xaml `K-
hin-j y-tX. hm \mcm-b tWm tbm f ba-h -[ q-X-amtm
temtI Zpe-`X
- tcm \ Xp _mlpteym NtXy tIm
Hmw Cu ]c- {_w ]q-am- Wv. Cu {]]- hpw ]q- `hXn k Gh \nXy ]qXx k Gh sshcmKy
am-W.v ]q-{_- - n \npw ]q-{]-]w Dm-Ip- aqn k Gh m\m-Imc k Gh thZ ]pcpj
p. ]q- n \nv ]qw FSp-mepw ]qw Ah- CXn m\nt\m aXyt
ti-jn-p-p.

N P
 470

I alm-]pcptjm bkvX-nw atbm hmh-Xn-jvTntX Alw p-p. Rm Ahs Dn nXn sNp-p. Bcw-`-
K
N Xkvan t\m hmh nXntkm f bam`u XmhXv {ItaW n IpSo-N-I-\mbn ]ns Ah _lp-Z-I-t{i-Wn-bn
IpSo-NtIm _lp-XXzw {]m]y _lq-ZtIm lwk Xza-h- {]th-in-p-p. AXn \nv lwk-\mbpw lwk-\n
ew_y lwkx ]c-a-lwtkm `qXzm kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ \nv ]c-a-lw-k-\mbpw Xocp-p. Ah B-kz-cq-]k - -
kh-{]-]w hnZnXzm Z-I-a-ep ISn-kq-{X-Iu-]o-\m- m- \-m Fm {]]--c- l-ky-fpw {Klnv Zav[w, Ia-
m-Z\w kz hn[yp {Inbm-ZnIw kh-a]vkp kw\yky -ep, ISn-kq{Xw Iu]o-\w, Bm-Z\ - -hkv{Xw Fn-h-
ZnKw-_tcm `qXzm hnh-Po-h-evem Pn\ ]cn-{K-l- tbmsS bYm-hn[n A\p-jvTn- t--sXmw sNbvXv Ah Pe-
a]n kwXrPy Xp[z a{ hZm-N-c ucm-`yw-K-kv\m- n-sem-gp-p-p. ]ns ZnKw-_-c-\mbn Pon h-
t\m[z ]p{m-ZnIw hnlmb euInI sshZnI alyp] em-Pn-\-fpw XyPnv kIe hn[n \ntj[ cmln-Xy- tmsS
kwlrXy kh{X ]pWym-]pWy hnhPntXm m\m- Ign-p-Iq-Sp-p. ucw, A`yw-Kw, Du[z, ]p{w
m-\-a]n hnlmb iotXmjvW kpJZpxJ am\m-h-am\w CsXmpw Ah ssIsm-p-n-. euInI sshZnI
\nPnXy hmk\m {Xb-]qhIw \nm f \nm-Kh ac I--tfbpw Dt]-n-p-p. iotXmjvW kpJZpxJmZn
cw` Z tZzj Ima-t{Im[ tem`-tam-ljm-ajm kqbm- Nn-Is - fmpw Ah-\n-. hmk\m {Xb-tm-sSmw \n,
- kw-c-- Wm-ZnIw Ziv[zm kz h]pxIpW ]mIm-c-an-h-]-iy- A\n-, Khw, a-cw, Zw`w-, tZzjw, Imaw, t{Im[w,
\mb tX\m\n bta\ em`m-em`u kau IrXzm tKm ]rXym tem`w, tamlw, ljw, Aajw, Akqb B-kw-c-
{]mW- kw- c- Ww Iqh bXv {]m]vXw tXss\h \ntem- W `mh-\. Ch-sbmw ssIsh-Sn-bp-p. em`m-em` Nn-
ep]x kh hnZym-]m- nXy {]]w `kvan-IrXy kzcq]w bn-. Inp--Xn Xr]vXn-sp {]mW \ne-\np-p.
tKm]-bnXzm tPyjvTm f tPyjvTXzm \ ]mem-]Ix kthmXv \ntem-ep-h-\m-bn-cn-pw. ]mn-Xym-l-m-c-an-. kzcq]w
IrjXz khm--IXz ssZzXw Iev]-bnXzm atm hyXn- tKm]\w sNbvXv Ign-bp-p. kthm-XvIr-hpw AssZz-X-
cnx In-mt\ym AkvXoXn tZh KplymZn [\ am- hp-amb cq]s k-ev]n-p-p. Rm Xs ]q
\y] kwlrXy ZpxtJt\m Zznx kptJ\ \m\ptam ZtIm- {_ Fv Icp-Xp-p. ZpxJm ZpxJnXt\m kpJ-n
cmtK \nkv]rlx kh{X ip`m-ip-`tbm c\-`n-kvt\lx {]lr-jvTt\m BIp-n. cmK \nkv]r-l\ - m-bn-cn-pw.
kth-{ntbm ]cax kz]qhm-]m {iam-Nm-c-hnZym [- Ah Xs ]qh-Po-hn-Xm-{iaw hnZy [w {]`mhw
{]- `h a\- \p-kvacw kvXy hm-{k- am-Nmcx khZm Znhm- Fnh kvacn-p-I- bn-. ]m-{i-am-Nmcw ]cn- Xy-Pn-p- p.
\ ka-tXz-\m- kz]v\x khZmf \qtm _mtem v Ah\v cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Xpey-am-W.v kZm k-cn-p-sIm-
]nim-Nh tZImIo k-c-\m-kw-`m-jW ]cx kzcq-]-[ym- n-cn-pw. Pe-\m--ehpw Ah\v Ia--ep-hns {]tbm-
t\\ \ncm-ew_ ah-ew_y kzm \njvTm- \p-Iq-te\ khw P\w \Ip- p. Dm- Z-an- . ]pdsa _mes\ t]msetbm D-
hnkvarXy Xpco-bm-XoXm h[qX thtjWm ssZzX \njvTm- -s\-tm-se-tbm, ]nim-Nn-s\-tm-setbm `mhnv GIm-In-
]c {]W-hm-- I-tXz\ tZl-XymKw ItcmXn bx tkmh-[qX bmbn Pohn-p-p. BtcmSpw kwkm-cn-p- n-. kZm kzcq-
k IrX- IrtXym `hXo Xyp]-\n-j-Xv. ]-[ym-\-\n-c-X- \m-bn-cn-pw. \ncm-ew-_s Ah-ew-_- amn
B-\n-jvT-sbm-gnsI asm hn[ [ym\-sbpw ]cn-Xy-
]nXm-a-l-\mb {_mhv kzhn-Xm-hmb `K-hm \mcm-
Pn-p-p. C{]-Im-c-ap Xpco-bm-XoX thj-[mcn Ftmgpw
b-Ws ASp-sn Cs\ ]dp: Xpco-bm-h-[q- Xs
AssZz-X- \njvTm ]c-\m-bn-cn-pw. Ah {]mW-hm--I-Xz-
am-sa-mWv? Ahs nXn Fv? AXp-tIv `K-hm
m tZlw shSn-bp-p. A-s\-bp Ah-[q-X IrX-
\mcm-b-W ]d- p. Ah-[q-X-am-Nm-cn-I Npcp-- am-Wv.
Ir-Xy-\m-W.v Fv D]-\n-jv hy-am-p-p.
As\ Hcm-sf-n-ep-ap-m-bm Abm \nXy-ip-\pw
sshcm-Ky- a-Xnbpw m\m-Im- chpw thZ-]p-cp-j\pw BIpw. Xpco-bm-Xo-tXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
A-s\-bp alm-]p-cp-j - m Nnw Fn kan-

1 Xpf-kyp-]-\n-jv 3

AYXpkyp]\njZw hymJymkymax \mcZx ap[m _oPw hkpZminx \mcmbWxIenIw

Ejnx AYhmKncx x AarXm Xpfko tZhXm iymaw iymah]p[mw EIv kzcq]mw bKpa\mw
N P
 471

I {_m\ {]mWmw Iev]IkvXmw ]pcmW] AXpteXzXpembmw ln I K

TnXmw AartXmhw AarXck acow A\ lcncmtImkvX n \m\yYm I
mw A\ckt`mKZmw sshjvWhow hnjvWp
Xz tah PKXmw [m{Xo I
h `mw ar Xy p P \n_ lnW ow Z i \ mX v
]m]\mio\mw kv]i\mXv ]mhXnw A`nh Xz tah hnjvWph`m I
\mXv tcmK\min\ow tkh\arXyp\min\ow Xz tah kpckwtkhym I
sshIpWv T m\mZv hnhZv l {ow `WmXv Xz tah tam Zmbn\o I
hmbp\{]Zmw {]mZnWymXv Zmcn{Z \min\ow Xzbmbmw htko I
tkh\m arXyq\min\ow sshIpWTm\mZv
kvXhqte hnjvWp caybx I
hnhXvl{ow `WmXv hmbp\{]Zmw {]mZn
WymXv Zmcn{Z \min\ow aqet]\mXv ]m]` kam thXmx khm I
Rv P n\ow {LmWXWmZ\ae\min\ow b knNmcW]Km I
Ghw thZ k sshjv W thm `hXn hrYm \ bqte kh Xom\n I
OnymXv, ZrjvSzm {]ZnWw IpcymXv bmw \ bty {_ tZhXm
kv]rtiXv ]hWn \ hnNnt\zXv bZn hnNnXn
k hnjvWp l `hXn {io Xpfssky hnZv atl ockap{Zns I\yIbmb Xpfko, \o AarX
hnjv W p{]nbmssb [oaln Xtm AarXmw kzcq]bmIpp. AXn\m \ns "AarX' Fv
{]tNmZbmXv. hnfnpp. \o AarXZmbn\nbmWv. \o Fs Cu
k wk mck mKc n \n v D cn pI. e v ao
C\n Xpfkn D]\njv ]cnNn\ hnjbammw tZhnbpsS tXmgnbmWv \o. B\abnbmWv, hnjvWp
AXns Ejn \mcZ\mWv. Ov AYhmwKncv .
hns {]nbbmWv. F\nv hcacpfpI. A`bap{Zmew
AarX XpfknbmWv tZhX kp[ _oPw . hkp[min.
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\mcmbW IoeIw. IrjvWhbpw IrjvWicocnWn
t\sc t\mpI. sNdpXmsWnepw \o hrw Xs.
bpw EtKzZ kzcq]bpw bpthZNnmIbpw
Fs Am\aIddn Fs ImpI \o Pcm lo\
AYhthZ{]mWbpw thZmwKlkvXbpw AartXmev]
bmWv. Hnt\mSpw \ns\ D]anm\mhpIbn.
bpw AarXckaRvPco kzcq]bpw A\ kpJ{]
Xpe\mlot\, `Khm hnjvWpam{Xta \n\v kam\X
Zbpw sshjvWhnbpamb Xpfkn hnjvWp{]nbbmIpp.
hlnppffp. \o hnjv W phns {]nbXabmWv .
P\\acW\min\nbmWv, ImWpXp sImv Xs
tZhXI apJmncw F\nv awKfhpw tamhp
]m]w \innpp. \anm tcmKia\w Dmp
wAcpfm \o ibmWv. alm evan \ns Ombbn
XmWv. tkh\m arXyp`bw AIpp. hnjvWp
Ignbpp. \ns thcv `Khm hnjvW phns \nhmk
]qPp]tbmKnm B]pIfIpp, {]mWin
m\amWv. Xpfkntmn kIe tZhmcpw kn
\Ipp. {]ZnWm Zmcn{ZyaIpp. hmk\n
mcpw NmcWmcpw \mKfpw Ignbpp.kIe Xo
pXp sImv ZpKaIpp. Cs\ Adnv
fpw Xpfknphn hncmPnpp.XpfknbpsS a[y
Xpfknsb Bcm[nph hnjvWp`mcmbnocp
`mKv {_mhv Dsmffpp.
p. AXv shdpsX AdpcpXv. Adpm Ah
hnjvWp `Khm\v {]nbshfmIpp, AarX kzcq] bZt{KthZ imkv{XmWn I
bmWv. AXns\ \akvcnpI. Cu hnjWp{]nbbmb Xpfkn Xzmw \amaylw I
Xpfknsb \mw [ym\npp. AXn `n hlnpp. Xpfko {io kJo, ipt` I
A arX k zcq]bmb A X v A arXXz n\v \s
]m]lmcnWo, ]pWytZ I
t{]cnnpp.
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hymkmZnap\n hntX I
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hrmh\\nhmkn\n I
oc kmKc I\ytI I
khmhbhkqt I
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apInky kZm {]ntb I
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N P

I kthjma]n]m]m\mw I
{]mbnwXztah ln I
tZhm\mw N EjoWmw I
N ]nXrWmw Xzw kZm {]ntb I
hn\m]n Xpfkn hn{]mx I
tb]n {imw {]IphtX I
hrYm `hXnXv {imw I
]nXrWmw t\m]bXn I
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bZn ]qPmItcmXnbx I
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hnjvWp {]oXoIco \ N I
bw Zm\w C]w Xow I
{immZyw tZhXm\w I
XWw amP\ Nm\y I
IpcymXv Xpfkow hn\m I
Xpfko ZmcpaWn`nx I
P]xkhmkm[I I
Ghw \ thZb InXv I
k hn{]x izbNm[ax I
bmsXmns A{`mKn thZimkv{Xw \nesIm-
ffpp,B Xpfknsb Rm {]Wanpp. tl Xpfkn,
\o evanbpsS kJnbpw IeymWabnbpw ]m]l{nbpw
]pWyZm{XnbpamWv. hnjvWp{]nbbpw \mcZmcm[nXbpw
Bb \o {_mhns B\m{iphn \npmbhfmWv
hrmh\hmknbmb \okwhmwK[mcnWnbmWv. Fs
1 {XninJn{_m- - t Wm- ] - \ n- j v
imn]mTw
Hmw ] q aZ x ] q anZ w. ] q mX v
]qapZNytX. ]qky]qamZmb ]q
tahmhinjytX. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
B ]c{_w ]qamWv Cu Imcy{_hpw
]qamWv. ]qn \npw ]qapmIpp.
N P
472
alm]m]amIp kap{Zn\nv Asc ISpI.
K
kIe ]m]n\pw {]mbnw \obmWv tZhEjn
]nXr{]nbbmWv.\o Xpfkn IpSmsX bpff {imw
shdpsXbmWv Xpfkn IqSmXbpff ]qP hnjvWphn\v
Hpw {]nbamIbn. bw, Zm\w, X]v,Xow,{imw
tZhXm]qP\pw XWw amP\w ap [mnI IrXy-
khhpw XpfkntbmSp IqSmsXsbn \njv^-
eamIpp. Xpfkname CnX^ew \IpXmWv. Cu
XXzw Adnbm {_W NWvU mfs\m \o-
N\mIpp.
CXyml `Khm {_mWw \mcmbWx
{_ m \ mc Z k \ I m`n`y x k \ I mZ mtbm
th Zh ymkmb, th Zh ymkx ip Imb, i ptIm
h matZ h mb, h ma tZ th m ap \ n`y x ap \ tbm
a\ptjy`yx t{]mNpx Ghw thZ kx kv { Xol
Xymbmx {]apNytX k alm`bmXv {]apNytX k
hoclXymbm {]apNytX k {_lXymbm
{] ap N y tX k al m`bmX v {] ap N y tX k
almZpxJXv {]apNytX tZlmt sshIpWv T
tahm]vt\mXn CXyp]\njXv
CsXmw `Khm \mcmbW {_mhnt\mSpw
{_mhv \mcZk\ImZnIpw k\ImZnI thZhym
k\pw thZhymk ipI hmatZh\pw hmatZh
ipI hmatZh\pw hmatZh ap\nIpw ap\nI
a\pjypw ]dp sImSpXmWv. CXv Adnbph
kv{XolXybn \npw hoclXybn \npw {_lXy
bn \npw alm`bw almZpxJw apXembhbn \npw
ap \mb n `hn pp. acWtij w ss hIpWv T
{]m]vXnv Alcpambnocpp.
Xpfkyp]\njv kam]np.
3
]qn \npw ]qw FSpmepw ]qw Xs
Ahtijnpp. Hmw imnx imnx imnx imnx
1. {XninJn {_mWx BZnXytemIw PKma.
XwKtXzm hmN""`Khm, Inw tZlx Inw {]mWx,
Inw ImcWw, Inw Bm CXn.

I 2. ktlmhmNkhanZw inh Gh hnPm\o ln
Inp \nXyiptm \nct\m hn`pcZzbx inh
GIx tkz\ `mtkZw khw arjvSym X]vXmbx
]nWv U htZIw `n\\hZh`mktX. XZv `mkIw
InanXn tNZpNyptX k_v Z hmNyw AhnZym
i_fw{_.
3. {_tWmhyw, AhymlXv, altXmlw
Imcx AlmcmXv ]Xm{XmWn ]Xm
{X`yx ] alm`qXm\n ]alm`qtX t`ym
Jnew PKXv.
4. XZJnew ImanXn. `qX hnImc hn`mKmZncnXn.
GIkvan ]nWvtU IYw `qXhnImchn`mK CXn.
XXv Imtcy ImcW t`Z cqt]Wmwi XXz
hmNI hmNym\t`ZhnjbtZhXm tImi t`Z
hn`mKm `hn.
5. AYmImix AxIcWat\m_pn Nnmlw
Imcmx hmbp kamt\mZm\hym\m]m\ {]mWmx
hnx t{im{XXzIvNpPnlzm {LmWm\n. B]x
i_vZ kv]icq]ckKmx ]rYnho hmIv ]mWn
]mZ ]mbq]mx
BZnXy temIp sNv {XninJn {_mW
`Khm BZnXyt\mSv tNmZnp:"`Khms\, tZlw
FmWv? {]mW FmWv? ImcWw FmWv? Bmhv
FmWv? AXptIv BZnXy ]dpx""CsXmw inha-
bamWv. inh XsbmWv ip\pw \nXy\pw \ncRvP-
\pw hn`phpw. AZzb\mb inh Xs GIam{X {]Imi-
m Fmw Iv Np teml]nWvUstmse Hn-
s\s At\I cq]fn {]Iminnpp. Cs\
{]IminpsXsp tNmZnm AhnZymbpamb
{_amsWv ]dbmw. AXv kXv i_vZns hmbp-
hmWv. {_n \nv Ahyhpw aln \nv
Amchpw, Almcn \npw Av Xm{XIfpw,
Av Xm{XIfn \npw ]alm`qXfpw,
]alm`qXfn \npw kavX PKpw DmIpp.
FmWv Cu kqsap ]dbpXv? CXv `qX-
fpsS hnImcn \npw DamIpXmWv.
`qXfpsS hnImcm Htc ]nWvUns hn`mKw
Fs\bmWv kw`hnpsXm hn`nfmb B
`qXfpsS ImcyImcW t`Zm Awi XXzw,
hmNIhmNyw m\t`Zw, hnjbw, tZhXm tImiw Fo
hn`mK DmIpp. AxIcWw a\v , _pn,
Almcw, Nnw Ch ]tImifmWv. kam\
DZm\, hym\ A]m\ {]mW Ch Av hmbp
fmWv. t{imXw Xzv Pnlz {LmWw Ch Anbn
\npw i_vZw kv]iw cq]w ckw Kw Ch Ap
Pen \npw DmbXmWv. hmWn, lkvX w, ]mZw,
KpZw D]w Ch ]rYznbn \npw DmbhbmIpp.
N P
473
6. m\ kev] \nbm\p km\m`nam\x K
BImi Imcymx IcW hnjbmx kaoIctWm
b\ {KlW {ihW zmkm hmbp Imcy{]m
WmZn hnjbmx i_vZ kv]i cq] ck Kmx
A n I mc y mt\{ hnj tbj v T {L mW
Xm{X hnjbm A `qXm at\m _pymn
lwImcu Nm `qXm.
7. AhImi hn[qX Ziu ]nWvU oIcW
[mcWmx
kqva Xam ssPhXm{X hnjbmx
8. Ghw ZzmZimw Km\n B[ymnIm\n B[n
`uXnIm\ n B [nss ZhnIm\n A{X\nimIc
NXpapJZn izmXm hcpWmizot{m t]{
{]Pm]Xnbam CXy[n tZhXm cpss] ZzmZi\m
Uyw {]hrmx {]mWm GhmwKm\n AwKm
\w XtZhmtXXn.
BImis kw_np Imcyfpw Ax
IcW hnj b fpw m\w k ev ] w \nbw
A\pkm\w A`nam\w ChbmWv kaoIcWw, t\{X
fpsS \naoet\moe\w, {KlWw, {ihWw Dzk\w
Ch hmbphns\ kw_np Imcyfpw mt\
{nb hnjbfmIpp. kwkmcw, Zm\w, Ka\w,
hnk\w, B\w, Ch ]rYznsb kw_np-
hbmWv. mt\{nbfpsSbpw It{nbfp-
sSbpw hnjbn {]mWsbpw Xm{XIfpsSbpw
hnjbfpw A`hnncnpp. amP\ Zi\
[mcWI kqva Xm{XIfpsS hnjbfmWv.
B[ymnI w B[n`uXoIw B[nssZhnIw, Fo aqp
`mKfnembn ]{v AwKfpv. Chbn N{,
{_mhv, ZnpI, hmbp, kqcy, hcpW, Aiz\oIp-
amcm An, C{ Dt]{ {]Pm]Xn ba' Fo
]{v C{nbfpsSbpw A[n tZhXIfpsS cq]n
]{v \mUnIfn nXnsNpp. Ch {]mW
Xs. AhbhfpsS m\cq]w Xs mXmhmbn
AdnbsSpp.
9. A Y th y ma m\ ne m\ e P e m\ mw ] o
IcWanXn mXrXzw kam\tbmtK\ t{im{X
Zzmcm i_vZ KptWm hmKv [ njv T nXm BImti
XnjvT Xn BImiXnjvT Xn. at\mhym\tbmtK\
XzKv Zzmcm kv]i KpWx ]mWy[njvTnXx hmbu
XnjTXn hmbpkvX njTXn _pncpZm\tbmK\
NXpp Zzmcmcq]KpWx ]KpWx XnjvT Xyn
kv X njvT Xn Nna]m\tbmtK\ Pn^zm Zzmcm
ckKpW. D]m[njvTntXm A]vkpXnjvTn B]
kvXjvTn. AlwImcx {]mWtbmtK\x {LmW
Zzmcm K KptWmKpZm[njvTnXx ]rYznhymwXn
jvTXn ]rYznho XnjvTXn b Ghw thZ.
 474

I BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, Aw, FnhbpsS 7. Akypaty kvXn lrZbw k\mew ]ZvatIm K
]oIcWw Cu coXnbnemWv. kam\hmbphns kw- iaXv
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{KlnsSpp. i_vZw BImim[njvTnXamWv. hym\
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]Zm[njvTntXm u
cq] {Klnpp. Nnw A]m\ \pamb tbKm 8. Aky _oPw Xax ]nWvUhw tamlcq]w PUw
\mp aptJ\ ckw {Klnpp. D]w Pehpambn [\w
tNv AXns IrXyw \nhln pp. {]mWhmbphns htX IWvT am{inXy an{inXy an{io`q
kwtbmKm Almcw AXns {]h\w \S XanZwPKXv
pp. {LmW KpWw \mknI bpsSXmWv. 9. {]XyKmcq]mm aq[v\n mt\ ]tc ]tZ.
Ass{XtX tmIm `hn. A in kwbptm PK{Zqt]W `mktX
1. ]rYKv `qtX tjmUiIemx kzmt`mKm 10. kh{XhtX Pm{KXv kz]v\w Pm{KXn
]cm{IamXv. Ax IcW hym\mn ck]mbp htX.
\`x{IamXv. kpjp]vXw N Xpcobw N \m\yhmkp
2. apJymXv ]qthmssc`mssK `qtX `qtX Ip{XNnXv.
NXpXpx ]qhamImiam{inXy ]rYnhymZnjp [mXp kwtbmKm NnebnSv ]nWvUfpm
kwnXmx Ipp. \m`nm\mWv Aab ]nWvU w. AXns
3. apJymZqt[z]cmtbm \ ]cm\p a[yn \mfbp]tImi kZriamb lrZbw
cm hnZpx nXnsNpp. AXnpffn Irmlmcapff
Ghawtim`y`qkva mt`ymmw tZhm hknpp. tamlmIamb XtamKpW
timly `qYm ]nWv U w FmbnSpw hym]nncnpp. B\
4. XkvamZt\ym\yam{inXy tlymXw cq]nbmb Hmtcm Bmhpw ]ca]Zamb aq[mhns
t{]mXa\p {IamXv. m\v A\ intbmsS PKXv cq]n {]Imin
pp. FhnsSbpw Pm{KZhbpv. kz]v\w Pm{K
]`qXabo `qanx km tNX\ka\znXm
n nXn sNpp. kpjp]vXn Xpcobw Fo
5. XX Huj[tbm w N XXx AhI ap AhIfnen.
]nWv UmXp hn[mx 11. khtZtijz\pkyqXXp cq]x
ckmkrMv amwk inhmIx
tatZm n am ip{ImWn [mXhx bYm alm^te kth ckmx kh
{]hImx
AxIcWw hym\, Npv, ckw, KpZw, hym\
Fnh Hmtcm XXznsbpw ]IpXn `mKtmSpw ap 12. XssYhm\matb tImi tImimkvXnjvTn
XXzfpsS ]Xn\mdp IeItfmSpw tNXmWv . Nmtc.
BImimZnIfmb Hmtcm `qXnsbpw apJy`mKhpw ap bYm tImikvXYm Pothm bYm PohkvXYm
`qXfpsS ]nnepff \mep `mKfpw ]`qXfn inhx
nXnsNpp. apJy`mKyn\v apIfnepffhsb 13. khnImckvXYm Pothm \nhnImckvXYm
kqva `qXsapw ]nnepffXns\ qecq]sapw inhx
[cnpI. cpw At\ym\yw _nncnpp. ChtbmSv tImimkvXkyhnImckvtX hyhmkp
tNv ]m`qXabamb ]rYzn tNX\m XXzw tNXp {]hImx
amWv. ]noSv ]rYznbn \nv sNSnIfpw Ahpw \mep
14. bYm ckmitb t^\w aY\m tZh PmbtX
hn[w ]nWvUhpw ckcamwktamZmn amip-
fmb Ggp [mXpfpw cq]w sImffpp. at\manaY\mtZh hnIev]m _lhkvXYm
6. tI Nn tZymKXx ]nWvUmx`qtX`yx kw`mhm 15. IWm htX Io XXv
IzNnXv. XymKmn am]v\p
Xkva nabx ]nWvtUm \m`n aWvUe bmXv, Abt\ ZntW {]m]vtX {]]m`n
kwnXx apJw KXx

N P

I anI ^efn kh{X ckw hym]nncnp
Xpt]mse khm\fnepw inhkzcq]w \mep
cq]fn Dv. AhnsS Aab tImin ap
tImi tNcpp. tImiw t]mse Xs Poh\pw
Pohs\tmse Xs ]cammhpw C{Xtb Acapffq.
Poh hnImc klnXhpw ]cammhv hnImcclnXhpam
Ipp. tImiw Xs Pohs hnImcw. AXv Fm Ah
bnepw {]h\\ncXamWv. ]m ISbptm ]X
DIpXpt]mse a\v aZ\w sNptm hnhn[
hnImcfpmIpp. IfpsS AkvXznXzw I
memWv. I XymKamWv imnv tlXp. ZnWmb
\n {]]m`napJyw DmIpp.
16. Almcm`namt\\ Pohx kymn kZminhx
kNmhnthI {]IrXn kwKXym X{X apNytX
17. \m\mtbm\niXw KXzm titXku
hmk\mhimXv
hntammXv kctXyh ayx
IqeZzbw bYm
18. XXx ImehimtZh lym m\ hnthIXx
Dcm`naptJm `qXzm m\mXvm\mcw
{IamXv
19. \m\mtbm\niXw KXzm titXku
hmk\mhimXv
hntammXv kctXyh ayx IqepZzbw
bYm
aq[v\ ym[mbm\x {]mW tbmKm`ymkw
nXc
tbmKmXv kwPmbtX m\w m\mXv
tbmKx{]htX
20. tbmKm\]tcm\nXyw k tbmKo \
{]WiyXn
hnImcw inhw ]tiyXv hnImc
inth\ Xp
21. tbmK {]ImiIw tbmssK [ymtbm\\y
`mh\
tbmKmt\ \ hntZytX Xky`mthm \
knyXn
kZminh AXmbXv ]cammhn\v Almcbp-
ambXn\mPohtImSnbn {]thintn hcpp.
AhnthImepw {]IrXn kwtbmKmepw AXn\v
taml{KkvXamtIn hcpp. hmkIfn IpSpn ]eXp-
ambn P\ntn hcpw. ayw cp IcIpan-
Sbvs t]mse AetbXmbpw hcpp. ]ns Ime-
{]`mhm hnthIhpw Bm\hpw t\Sptm
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N P
475
K
tbvv t]mIpp. {]mWs\ aqmhn [cnv tbmKm-
`ymk \ncX\mIpp. tbmKm m\hpw m\-
m tbmKhpw t\Sn \milo\\mIpp. hnImcfnepw
Ah {_`mhw hlnpw. hnImcclnX\mbn A\-
\y`mth\ {_s [ym\npI As\bpff m\-
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22. XkvamZ`ymktbmtK\ a\x{]mWmn
tcm[tbXv
tbmKo\n inX [mtcW ptctWh
\nIr tbXv
23. inJmm\abohrn bamZyjvSmw K
km[ss\x
m\ tbmKx ItbmKx CtXymtKm
Zzn[m aXx
24. {InbmtbmKatYZm\o. irWp
{_mW ka
AhymIpeky Nnky _\w
hnjtbIy NnXv.
Cs\ tbmKm`ymkm {]mWfn \npw
a\ns\ tcm[nWw InbpsS hmbvebm AXv
tOZnWw. ba\nbamZnIfmb AjvSmwKtbmK km[\
bn \npw m\abnbmb inJ DmIpp. tbmKw
m\tbmKsapw ItbmKsapw cmWv. tl
{_mW ka, Ctm ItbmKsn ]dbmw
AhymIpe\mbh hnjb_fn s]Spn.
25. bXv kwtbmtKm ZznPt{ijvT k N ssZzhn
[yaiv\ptX
I Ihy anXyth hnlntXjzh
Ikp
26. _\w a\tkm \nXyw ItbmK k
DNytX
bp Nnky kXXat t{ibko
_\w
27. m\tbmKx khntbx khknn
Icx inhx
btkymetW tbmtKm Zznhnt[
]yhybw a\x
28. kbmXn ]caw t{itbm tam eW
aRvPkm
tZtl{ntbjp sshcmKyw ba CXypNytX
_pss[x
29. A\pcntc Xtz kXXw \nbax kvarX
khhkvXpXypZmko\`mham\k apaw.

I 30. PKXv khanZw anYym {]XoXn {]mWkwbax
NnkymaptJm`mhx {]Xymlmc
kvXp ka.
tl ka, AtX hn[w kwtbmKhpw cphn[
amWv. imkv{Xm\pIqeamb Ifn a\ns\
\n{Klnp sImncnpXmWv. ItbmKw. Nns
\nccw Xs \bvv hn\ntbmKnpXmWv m\
tbmKhpw AXp \nanw BXvakw_nIfmb kIe
knnIfpw \nhnImc\mbn sNph XmaknbmsX
Xs ]cat{ibv t\Spp. kh hn[nepw Zlt\
{nbtfmSpff sshcmKy`mhs baw Fp ]dbpp.
]ca XXztmSv kZm A\pcmKnbmbncnpIsbpff
XmWv. \nbaw. PKv, anYysbv t_m[ysSpIbmWv
{]mWmbmaw Nnn A apJnbmb hrn {]Xym-
lmcamIpp.
31. Nnky \neo`mthm [mcWm
[mcWw hnZpx
tkm lw Nnm{XtathXn Nn\w
[ym\apNyXn
32. [ym\ky hnkvarXnx kayIv kam[ncZobtX
AlnwkmkXyakvt Xbw {_Ncyw
ZbmPhw
33. am [rXn anXmlmcx iuNw NvXn bam Zi
X]x kpjvSncmkvXnIyw Zm\amcm[\w
ltc
34. thZm{ihWw ssNh {loaXn
Pt]m {hX
Bk\mZn XZwKm\n kzkvXnImZo\n ssh ZznP
35. hWyt kzkvX nIw ]mZXetbm
cp`tbmc]n
]qthmtcPm\p\o tZz IrXzmk\
apZocnXw
Nnw \neamn shbvemWv [mcW. Rm
Nn\am{Xm cq]amWv F `mh\bmWv [ym\w. [ym\w
]qambpw hnkvacnpXv kam[n. Alnwk, kXyw,
AkvtXbw, {_Ncyw, Zb, BPhw, a, ss[cyw,
anXmlmcw, ipNnXzw Fns\ \nba ]phn[
apv. Zm\w, `KhZmcm[\w, thZm, {ihWw {low P]w
Fnhsb {hXsav ]dbpp. kzkvXnImZn Bk\
sf kw_nmsWn cp ]mZXesfbpw
cpappIfpsSbpw a[yn m]nv CcnpXmWv
kzkvXnImk\w.
36. kt]y ZnWKp^w Xp ]rjvT ]mtiz
\ntbmPtbXv
ZnW ]n XZm khyw tKmapJw
tKmapJw bYm
N P
476
37. GIw NcWa\ykvan Dcmhmtcm]y \nex K
BkvtXbZnZ tat\mLv\w hocmk\ apZncnXw
38. KpZw \nba Kp^m`yw hypXv {ItaW
kamlnXx
tbmKmk\w `hvtZX ZnXn tbmKhntZm hnZpx
39. Duthm]co ssh [t bZm ]mZXte Dt`
]mk\w `thtZXXv kh hym[nhn
jm]lw
40. hypXv{ItasWh lkvX m`ymw _]mZ
amk\w`thXv
hes apv ]rjvT `mKv CSp `mKpw
CSs apv hep`mKpw m]nptm tKmapJw
t]mencnpXmWv tKmapJmk\w. Hcp ]mZw CSs
XpSbnepw atXv hes XpSbnepw shm AXv
hocmk\amIpp. heXp Imens Dqnsb KpZns
CSp`mKpw CbXp Imens Dqn KpZn heXp
`mKpw shncpm AXns\ tbmKmk\sav ]dbp
p. cp XpSIfnepw cp ImepIfpsSbpw ]mZ
]mZ shpsImncnpXv ]Zvamk\w. CXv kh-
hym]n lchpw hnjm]lhpamWv. ]mk\n
icnncpv heXp ssI sImv CSXp Imense Xffhnc-
ens\bpw ]nSnpXv _]mZvamk\amWv.
41. ]Zva mk\wkpkwm]y
Pm\qthmctcIcu
\nthiy `qamhXnjvtTZv thymax
IppSmk\x
42. IppSmk\ _tm t`m`ymw kw_y
Icw
titX IqhZpm\ GX Zqm\
IqIw
43. ]mZmwKpjvTu Xp ]mWn`ymw KrloXzm
{ihWmh[n
[\pcmIjIIrjv Sw[\pcmkm\aocnXw
44. koh\ow KptZim`ymw\nhoUy hypXv
{ItaW Xp
{]kmcy Pm\pt\mkvXmhmk\w
knwlcq]Iw
45. Kp^u N hrjWkym[x koh\yp`b
]miztbmx
\nthiy `qau lkvX m `ymw _[zm`{Zmk\w
`thXv
icnv ]mk\nencpv cp ssIIsfbpw
apns XpSIsfbpw a[yn \npw amn `qanbn
Ddnv icocs BImin m]nm AXv
IppSmk\amWv. IppSm\\mbncpv cp `pP

I sfbpw cp kvIsfbpw _nv Basbtmse
\nhncnpXv. Dm\Iqmk\w. cp Imen
sbpw XffhncepIsf ]nSnv hnns BIrXnbn
IXphsc henm AXp [\pcmk\ambn. cp Dqn
Ifm kohn\nm\s hnc]oX hn[nbn Aan
cp appIsfbpw ssIItfbpw ]cn nXnsNpXv
knwlmk\w. koh\nbpsS cp ]mizfnepw cp
DqnIsfbpw shv ssIImepI _nncpm
AXv `{Zk\amIpw.
46. koh\o]miza`bw. Kp^m`ymw hypXv
{ItaW Xp
\n]oUyk\taX apmk\apZncnXw
47. AhjvS `y[cmw kayIv Xmem`ymw lkvX
tbmZztbmx
Iqc \m`n ]mtizXp m]bnXzm
abqchXv
48. kapXv incx ]mZw abqcmk\anjytX
hmtamcpaqte Zmw{Lnw Pmt\z thjv SnXm
]mWm
49. hmta\ hmamwKpjvTw Xp KrloXm ay
]oTIw
tbm\ow hmta\ kw]oUy ta{UmZp]cn
ZnWw
50. EPpImbx kamko\x knmk\ apZocnXw
{]kmcy`qhn ]mZu Xp tZm`ymamKpjvT
amZcmXv
51. Pm\q]cn eemSw Xp ]naw Xm\apNytX
tbm\tI\{]ImtcW kpJw [mcyw N
PmbtX
52. XXv kpJmk\anXyai kvXXv
kamNtcXv
Bk\w hnPnXw tb\ PnXw tX\ PK{Xbw
cp DqnIfm koh\nbpsS Ccp]miz
fpsSbpw hn]coX coXnbn AanshncnpXv
apmk\w. cpssIesfbpw `qanbn m]nv
cp ssIesfbpw `qanbn m]n v cp
ssIappIsfbpw s]mnfns cp ]mizfnepw
tNv abnens\tmse icocw apgph\pw s]mn
incpw Imepw tatemp s]mn shm AXv abqcm
k\amWv. CSXp Imense Dqnsb koh\nbn tNv
heXpIm D]n\p apIfn shv icocw \nhn
t\scbncnpXmWv knmk\w. cp ImepIsfbpw
\nev Ipn cp ssIsImpw ImepIfnse Xffhn
cpI ]nSnv incv appIfn tNm AXv ]mtam
mk\amWv. kpJhpw ncXbpw e`n hn[w
N P
477
CcnppJmk\amWv. IgnhptISpsImv amk\ K
sNm Ignbmhv CXv kzoIcnmw. Bk\w
Pbnh aqp temIhpw Pbnm Ignhp t\Spw.
53. bssa \nbssassh Bkss\ kp
kwbXx
\mUoipow N IrXzmZu {]mWmbmaw kam
NtcXv
54. tZlam\w kzmwKpen`nx jhXpwKp embXw
{]mWx icocm[ntIm ZzmZimwKpeam\Xx
55. tZla\new tZlkapZv`qtX\ hn\m
\yq\w kaw hm tbmtK\ Iph
{_hnZnjytX
56. tZlat[y inJnm\w X]vXPmw_q \Z{]Zw
{XntImWw Zzn]Zm a\yXp c{w NXpjv]Zw
57. hrw hnlwKam\mw Xp jU{kw k
P\mw
AjvSmw{kw tkzZPm\mw Xp Xkvan Zo]h
Zpzew
Im\w a\pjymWmw tZla[y \mhmw
Kpew
NXpcwKpeapty[w NXpcwKpewambXw
58. AWvU mIrXnXnXncmw N ZznPm\mw N
NXpjv]Zmw
Xpa[yw XZnjv Sw ssh X[yw
\m`ncnjytX
59. X{X N{Iw ZzmZimcw tXjp hnjvW zmZn
aqbx
AlwX{X nX{Iw {`mabman kzambbm
60. Atcjp {`atX Pohx {ItaW ZznPka
Xp ]RvPca[ym bYm {`aXn eXnIm
ba\nbamk \fn \mbn \mUotim[\
sNbvXv {]mWmbmaw sNWw a\pjy icocns Afhv
Xs hncepI sImfm sXmqmdmwKpeamWv.
icocsmfpw {]mW ]{wKpew hepXmWv.
tZlnXamb hmbphns\ tZlmnbpsS kwtbm
Km \yq\tamkatam BpXn\m {_m\w
e`npp. a\pjyicoc a[yn X]vX kph
{]`amb {XntImWmI Anm\w e`npp. \m
menIfn Anm\w NXpjvt mWnemWv.
nIfpsSXv Bdp tImWpffXv; tkzZPfpsSXv Fp
tImWpffXv a\pjy icocn B m\pw H]
XmwKpeapff Zo]{]Imi Xpeyamb Hcp Iw nXn-
sNpp. \ncypI ]nI \mmenI Fn
hbn Cu Iw AWvUImcamWv. AXns a[ym\w

I \m`nbmWv. CXn ]{v Acfpff N{Iapv.
AXn hnjvWp XpSnb tZhmcpsS cq]v ImWmw.
Cu N{Is {_amb Rm kzambbm Idnsm
ncnpp. Cu ]{p Acfnepw PohnI Nnen
kzw hebn kcnpXpt]mse kcnpp.
61. {]mWm[ncqVcXn PohkvtX\hn\m \ln
Xtbmt[z IpWvUeom\w\mt`kvXncy
KtYm [zXx
62. Ajp{]IrXncq]m km NmjvS[m IpWvU
eoIrXn
bYmhZzmbp kmcw Pe\mZn N \nXy ix
63. ]cnXx I ]mtiz Xp \ncpsshykZm
nXm
aptJss\h kamthjvSy {_c{apJw
XYm
64. tbmKImtem\ acpXm kmn\m t_m[nXm
kXo
kv^pcnXm lrZbmImti \mKcq]matlmPzem
65. A]m\mzw KpemZq[zat[m ta{Vky
XmhXm
tZla[yw a\pjymWmw lr[yw Xp
NXpjv] Zmw.
{]mWnIfn BcpUambn Pohk Idpp.
AXp IqSmsX km[ya. AXn\p apIfn IpWvUen
\nbpsS hf DXm\amWv. AXv AjvS{]IrXn
cq]Iw Fp hn[w IpWvUeoIrXambn Ips Bh
Ww sNbvXpw \nesImffpXmWv. AXv Ahmbp
fpsS kmcw XSppp. {_c{ns apJs
kzapJm BhcWw sNpp. tbKm`ymk\m
IpWvUen\oin hmbphn\m DWs Xo t]mse
lrZbmImin \mKcq]n Dzeambn kv^pcn
pp. A]m\\n \npw cwKpew apIfn ta{V
n\p Xmsg a\pjy icocns a[y`mKamWv .
\mevmenIfpsS a[y`mKw AhbpsS lrZbm\amWv.
66. CXtcjmw Xpat[y {]mW]m\kambpXx
NXpjv {]Imc_vZ ybptX tZlat[y
kpjpav\bm
67. Ia[ynXm \mUo kpjpav\m
kp{]Xnjv T nXm
]kq{X {]XImim EqZz {]hn\o
68. {_tWm hnhcw bmhZznZypZm`mk \meIw
sshjvWho {_\mUn N \nhmW
{]m]vXn]Xnx
N P
478
69. CUm N ]nwKem ssNh XkymxkthXtc K
ntX
CUm kapnXm ImZzma \mkm]pSmhn[n
70. ]nwKem tNmnXm XkvamXv Z\mkm
]pSmh[n
Kmmco lkvX Pnlzmb N tZz Nmt\y
\mUntIntX
71. ]pcXx ]rjvTXkvXky hmtaXc Zriu {]Xn
]qjmbikzn\o \mUym XkvamtZh
kapntX
72. kthyXc{ipXyh[n ]mbpaqemZew_pkm
At[mKXm ip`m\mUo ta{Vmmhn[n
cmbXm.
ap PohnIfpsS a[y`mKw \m`oa[ynemWv.
{]mWm]m\ kwbpamb kpjpav\m \mUn tZln
\mep hn[nepv. Ins a[y`mKpff kpjv\
Xmac\q t]mse AXn kqv a amWv. AXv t\sc
apIfntemv t]mIpp. _c{w hsc t]mIp Cu
sshjvWho {_\mUn an t]mse {]ImiapffXpw
\nhmW`hpamWv . AXns cp hipw CUm
]nwKem \mUnIfmWv. CU In \npw ]pdsv
CSs aqp hsc t]mbncnpp. ]nwKe hes
aqphscbpw t]mbncnpp. ]nwKe hes aqph
scbpw KmmclkvXn Pnlz Chbpw IqSmsX cp
\mUnIfpw AhnsSbpv . Iphsc Ah \op
InSpp. ]qjmbikzn\n Cu \mUnI KpZ aqen
\npw ]pdsv CSsbpw hesbpw sNhn hsc
t]mbncnpp. Aew_pk F \mUn ta{V m\
ns Ahkm\w hscbmWv.
73. ]mZmwKpjvTmh[nx ImZt[m bmXm
N IuinIo
Zi{]Imc`qXmkvXmx IYnXm I kw`hmx
74. Xqemx _lthm \mUyx qe kqvam
\mUnImx
Zznk]vXXn kl{kmWn qemx kqvam
\mUbx
75. kwJymXpw ss\h iIyt qeaqem
]rYKzn[mx
bYmizZtf kqvamx qbm
hnXXm kvXYm
76. {]mWm ]m\u kam\ DZmt\ hym\
Gh N
\mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\bx
77. Ncn Zi\mUojp Zi{]mWmZn hmbhx
{]mWmZn]Iw tXjp {][m\w X{X N Zzbw

I 78. {]mW GhmYhmtPyjvtTm Pohmm\w
hn`nxbx
Bky\mknItbma[yw lrZbw \m`n
aWvUew
79. ]mZmw KpjvTanXn {]mW m\m\n ZznP
ka
A]m\cXn {_ KpZvta{Vmcp Pm\pjp
80. kam\x khknx ]mZtbm
lkvX tbmc]n.
IuinIn F \mUn In \npw Imens
Xffhnc hsc t]mbnpv . Cs\ Cu \mUnI
In \nv ]pdshsbv ]dbsSpp. IqSmsX
Gsd kqva \mUnI Dv. AhbpsS kwJy Fgp
]n Cucmbncw hcpw. hepXpw sNdpXpamb Ch
F{Xsbv ]dbpI {]bmkw. Acbmen RcpI
t]mse Ah icocn hym]nncnpp. {]mW,
A]m\, kam\, DZm\, hy\, \mKw, Iqw,
IrIcw, tZhXw, [\bw Fo ]p hmbpfpw
\mUnIfn IqSn kcnpp. Chbn {]mW
XpSnb AsamWv {][m\w. Asn {]mW,
A]m\ Cu csw apJyamWv. Poh[mcWamb
{]mW\mWv apJyw, {_mW t{ijvTm, {]mWs apJy
kvYm\fn AmWvapJw,\mknIbpsS a[y`mKw,
lrZbw, \m`naWvU ew, Imense Xffhnc; A]m\
KpZw, ta{Vw, XpS, apv Fnhbn kcnpp. kam
\ k hmwKfnepw hy]nncnpp. DZm\
ssIImepIfnepw Fm knm\fnepw BWv.
81. hym\x t{imt{XmcpISymw N Kpev^ kvI
Ktfjp N
\mKmZn hmbhx ]XzKymZnjp
kwnXmx
82. XpPeaw N ckmZo\n kaoIrXw
Xpa[yKXx {]mWkvX m\n IpcymXv
]rYIv ]rYIv
83. CXyZn tNjv S\w {]mWx ItcmXn N ]rYIv
kwnXw
A]m\hmbp ap{XmtZxItcmXn N hnkP\w
84. {]mWm]m\mZn tNjvSmZn {InbtX hym\hm
bp\m
DoctX icocapZmt\\ \`kzXm
85. t]mjWmZnicocky \mKxIqtmmZn
\naoen\x
hym\hmbp, sNhn, IWm, Ac, Dqn, tXm,
Igpv Fnhbnepw \mKmZnIfmb Ap hmbp
Xznepw An apXembhbnepw nXnsNpp.
Bamibnse Pew, Aw, ckw apXembhsb
N P
479
{]mWhmbp {]tXyIambn AXp nXnsNpp. ae K
aq{X hnkP\ Imcy A]m\ sNpp. hym\
sktbmKtmsSbmWv {]mWm]m\ {]hn
pXv. icocamb DZm\ Du[zKmanbmWv .
icoct]mjWw AXp aptJ\bmWv. Gw apXembh
\mKw F hmbphn\m \Spp. Iqns
{]hnbmWv IpI XpdpXpw ASbvpXpw.
86. IrIcx p[tbmxImZtm \n{ZmZn
IIrXv
arXK{Xky tim`mtZ [\RvPb DZmlrXx
87. \mUot`Zw acpXvt`Zw acpXmw m\tah N
tNjvSmNhnhn[mkvtXjmw mssXzhw ZznP
ka
88. ipubtX \mUo\mw ]qthm m\
kwbpx
hnhnw tZiamkmZy khkw_
hPnXx
89. tbmKmwK {Zhykqw X{XZmcpatb ipt`
Bkt\ Iev]ntX Z` IpiIrjvWmPn
\mZn`nx
90. XmhZmk\aptt[ XmhZvZzbkamb tX
D]hniymk\w kayIv kzkvXnImZn
bYm cpNn
IrIchmbp hnipmpp. tZhZw \n{ZmZnI
[\bs IrXyamWv {_mWhcy, \mZnIfpsSbpw
hmbpfpsSbpw {]mWfpsSbpw m\ fpw
{InbIfpw hnhn[ coXnbnemWv. Ah a\nemWw.
hn[n{]Imcw \mUnI ipoIcnv _ shSnv
GIm m\v tbmK[\bvp ]nb km[\fpw
acw sImpff IpSnen, Z`Ipi, am tXm sImp
ff Bk\w Chbpw XbmdmWw. AwK kam\
fmIpXphsc Bk\ [mcW sNWw. kzkvX nI
XpSnb Bk\ cpNn\pkcnv sNpIbpw
thWw.
91. _[zm {]mKmk\w hnt{]m EpImbx
kamlnXx
\mkm{K\ykvX\bt\m ZssZm\
kwk]ri
92. ck\mw Xmeq\n\ky kzNntm
\ncmabx
BIpnXincx InwNnn_v[tbmKap{Zbm
93. lkvX u btYmhn[n\m {]mWmbmaw
kamNtcXv
tcN\w ]qcWw hmtbm tim[\w tcN\w
XYm

I 94. NXp`nx ti\w htbmx {]mWmbma
DZocytX
lkvtX\ ZntWss\h ]oUtbmko Im
]pSw.
95. iss\x iss\cY _lnx {]nt]Zv
]nwKem\ne
CUbm hmbpam]qcy {_ tjmUi
am{Xbm
96. ]qcnXwIpw`tbXv ]mXvN Xpx jjvSymXp
am{Xbm
Zzm{Xniw am{Xbm kayIv tcNtbXv
]nwKem\new.
BZyw Bk\nencpv icocw t\scbmn
\mkm{Kn ZrjvSnbpdnv ]pI Xn kv]
inmsX \mv Amn sXmSpn kza\mbn
incv Ip\nv tbmKap{Zbn ssIIv _nv hn[n
t]mse {]mWmbmaw sNWw. tcNIw ]qcIw hmbp
kwtim[\w tcNIw Fnh sNWw. Cs\ \mep
{]Imcn hmbphns\ NennpXmWv {]mWmbmaw.
hep ssIbm \mkm]pcpw Aan, CSs
aqn IqSn hmbphns\ Dffntev hnSWw. ]ns
]Xn\mdp am{XsImv hmbp Dffntev henv Adp]-
n\mep am{Xbn Ipw`Iw sNbvX v apn cp
am{XsImp hmbphns\ ]nwKe \mUn aptJ\ shfnbn
tev hnSWw.
97. Ghw ]p\x ]p\x Imcyw hymXv {Iaym\p
{ItaW Xp
kqIpw`htlw Ipw`tbmXcniz \m
98. ]qcWmmUbxkhmx ]qcbt amXcniv
iz\m
Ghw IrtX kXn {_i Ncn Zi hmbvhx
99. lrZbmw t`mcplw Nm]n hymtImNw `hXn
kv^ pSw
X{X ]tiyXv ]cmm\mw hmkptZha
Ieva jw.
100. {]mX a[ynt\kmbacmt{X N Ipw `b
iss\ cioXn ]cyw NXp hmcw kat`yXv
Cu hn[n hopw hopw {IaamIpw hn]coX
{Ianepw A`yknpIbpw Dffn \ndp \np
hmbphns\ IpSw t]mse \ntcm[npIbpw thWw,
AXpaqew kIe \mUnIfpw hmbphm \ndvAhbn-
eqsSbpff hmbp kmcw {Iam\pKXamIpw. lrZbIaew
hnIknpw. `Khm hmkptZhs Zi\w e`npIbpw
sNpw.Cu hn[nbn Imepw \pbvpw sshIpt
chpw A cm{Xnbnepw \mep XhW Ipw`Iw sNbvXv
AXv {ItaW F]Xv am{Xhsc FnWw.
N P
480
101. GImlam{Xw IphmWw. kh]mss] K
{]apNytX
kwhc{Xbm Zq[zw {]mWmban ]tcm \cx
102. tbmK kntm `thtZymKo hmbp PnZznPn
tX{nbx
Aev] mio kzev] \n{Z tXPkzo _ehm
`thXv
103. AarXypaXn {Iay ZoLambpw hm]v\pbmXv
{]tkzZP\\w bky {]mWmbm akvXp tkm
[x
104. I\w ]pcptjm bky {]mWmbmta jp
a[yax
Dm\w h]ptjm bky k Da DZmlrXx
105. A[ta hym[n]m]m\mw \mix kym[yta
]p\x
]m] tcmK almhym[n \mix kymZpta
]p\x
106. Aev] aqt{Xm ev]hnjwjeLptZtlm
anXmi\x
]Szn{nbx ]SpaXnx Ime{Xb hnZmhm.
Cu hn[nb\pkcnv Hcp Znhkw A`yknm Xs
kIe ]m]fn \npw tamN\w Inpw. aqp hjw
Cs\ {]mWmbmaw sNph tbmKkn\mIpw.
tbmKn hmbphns\ Pbnh\pw PntX{nb\pw Aev ]m-
lmcnbpw Aev] \n{Zbpffh\pw tXPkznbpw _ehm\p
amIpp. AIme acW`bw Xov ZoLmbpjva m
\mIp {]mWmbmaw sNptm hnbpmIpXv
A[aamWv. icocn\v hndbpmIpXv a[yaw. icocw
taevt]mp s]mnbm Daw A[a {]mWmbmaw
sImpw hym[nIfpw ]m]fpw amdpw; Daw sImv
Aev] aq{Xhpw Aev] aehpw icocemLhhpw Aev]m
lmchpw knnpp. _po{nbXo{hX Inpw. {XnIme
m\n\pw D]Icnpw.
107. tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`oIcWtah bm
ItcmXn {Xnjp Imtejp ss\h XkymkvXn
Zpe`w
108. \m`n It N \mkmt{K ]mZmwKpjv tT N
bXv \hm
[mctb\km, {]mW kym Imtejp
hm kZm
109. khtcmssK hn\n aptm Poh tZymKo
KXax
IpntcmKhn\mix kymm`n Itjp
[mcWmXv
 481
I 110. \mkmt{K [mcWmZv ZoLambpx kymZv
tZlemLhw
{_t alpt kw{]m]vtX hmbpamIrjy
Pnlzmbm
111. ]nt_X {Xnjp amtkjp hmIvknn alXo
`thXv
A`ykX jamkm almtcmK
hn\mi\w.
tcNIhpw ]qcIhpw IqSmsX Ipw`Iw am{Xw
sNph\pw {Xn`qh\nepw Hpw Zp`a. {]bXv\
imenbmb km[I \m`o Inepw \mkm{Knepw
Hpw Zp`a. {]bXv\ imenbmb km[I \m`o
Inepw \mkm{Knepw ]mZw KpjvTnepw kmZI
kymkabw a\km {]mWs\ [mcWw sNWw
Cs\bpff km[I k htcmKhnap\mIpw
\m`otIn {]mWs\ [mcWw sNbvXm DZctcmKw
ianpw. \mkm{Knse ZoLmbpv; {_aqlq
n \mneqsS hmbp henv ]m\w sNbvXm aqp
amkn\pffn hmIv knn e`npp. Bdpamkw
sNbvXm almtcmK hnpamdpw.
112. b{X b{X [rtXm hmbpcmtK tcmKmZn ZqjntX
[mcWm tZhacpXkvX ZmtcmKy aiv\ptXx
113. a\tkm [mcWmtZh ]ht\m [mcntXm `thXv
a\kx ]t\ tlXpcpNytX ZznP ]pwKh
114. ImcWm\n kamlrXy hnjtb`yx kamlnXx
A]m\ aq[zamIrtjy ZpZtcm]cn [mctbXv
115. _ Icm`ymw t{im{XmZnIcWm\n
bYmXYw
bpm\ky btYmIvtX\ h\m
kzhiw a\x
tcmK ]oUnX\mb icocmwKfn hmbphns\
[cnm tcmKw hnpamdpp. a\ns\bpw [cnWw.
C{nbsf hnjbfn \nv \nhnnWw.
A]m\hmbphns\ apIfntebv mIjnv apIfn
[cnWw. ssIsImv t{im{XmZnIcWfpw _n
Ww. a\v himhZamIm Cu km[\ D]Icnpw.
116. at\m himZv {]mWhmbpx kztim]y
tX kZm
\mknIm ]pStbmx {]mWmx ]cymtbW
{]htX
117. Xn{k \mUnImkvXmkp k bmhw
NcXybw
imJn\o hnhtc bmtay {]mWm {]mW`rXmw
kXmw.
N P
118. Xmhw N ]p\x Imew kutay NcXn K
kXw
Cw {ItaW NcXm hmbp\m hmbpPncx
119. Al cm{Xnx ]w N amkarXzmb\mZnIw
A aptJm hnPm\obmXv Imt`Zw
kamlnXx
120. AwKpjvT mZn kzmhbkv^ pcWmZit\c]n
AcnjvssSPohnX kym]n Pm\obmXv
bmam\x
Cs\ a\v \nb{nWnembm {]mWhmbp
\nb{nXamIpw. \mknIbneqsS {Iam\pkcWw hpw
t]mbpancnmw. \mUnI aqmWv. {]mWmbmaw sNp
km[Is izmkw \mknIbneqsS {Iam\pKXambn
\Spp. {]mWhmbp \nb{nph {]mWPn\m
Ipp. ]ns Ah ]I cm{Xn ]w amkw Ab\w
FnhbpsS Imet`Zs A apJ\mbn Adnbpp.
Xffhnc XpSnb Ahbhfn cKXnsImv
\mUnIfnepmIp XpSnv \np ]w AXv
PohnXmhkm\sav [cnpI.
121. mXzm btXX ssIhey{]m]vXtb
tbmKhnax
]mZmwKpjvtT IcmKpjvtT kv^pcWw bky
\ {ipXnx
122. Xky kwh cmZqzw PohnXkytb
`thXv aWn_t XYm Kpevt^ kv^ pcWw
bky\iyXn.
123. jmkmh[ntcXky PohnXky nXn
`thXv
Iqtc kv^pcWw bky Xky ss{Xamko
ImnXn.
124. Iptal\]mtiz N kv^pcWm\p
]ew`tX
amkmh[n PohXky XZ[\y Xp Zit\
125. B{intX PcZzmtc Zn\m\n Zi PohnXw
tbmKn A\njvS kqN\I Adnv tam
km[\bn ebnWw. Imense s]cphnc ssIbnse
s]cphnc Chsb kv^pcWw A\p`hsSmXncpm
Ah\v Hcp sImn IqSpX PohnXan. ssI
bnepw apnepapff kv^ pcWw \nm Ahs
PohnXw Bdpamkw am{Xw. ssIapn kv^pcWansn
PohnXmh[n aqp amkamWv; hbdv D]w Fnh
bnse kv^ pcWw \nem Hcp amkn\pffnepw
t\{XfnteXv \nm ]Xnmep Znhkn\Iw
acWw kw`hnpw. PtcZzmcn kv^ pcWansn

I PohnXmh[n ]p ZnhkamWv. tPymXnv anman\p
n\p Xpeyambm PohnXmh[n Ap Znhksav
a\nemWw.
126. Pnlzm{Km Zit\ {XoWn Zn\m\n n
Xncm\x
Pzmembmx Zit\ arXyp ZznZnt\ `hXn
{[phw
127. GhamZo\ycnjvS m\n Zrjv Smbpx bImcWw
\nxt{ibkmb bpoX P][ym\]cmbWx
128. a\km ]camm\w [ymXzm X{Zq]XmanbmXv
bZyjvSmZit`tZjp a mt\jp [mcWw.
129. m\mXv m\w kam Irjy {]Xymlmc
kDNytX
]mZmwKpjvTw XYm Kpev^w PwLma[yw
XssYhN
130. a[ytam thm aqew hmbp lrZbtah N
tal\w tZla[yw N \m`nw N KfIqcw
131. Xmepaqew N aqew N {LmW kym vt Wm
aWvUew
{`pthma[yw eemSw N aqeaq[zw N Pm\p\n.
132. aqew N Ictbm aqew almt\yXm\n
ssh ZznP
]`qXatb tZtl `qtX tjzm tXjp
]kp.
\mns Aw ImWm km[nmsX hm aqp
Zkhpw Pzme ImWpXv \npt]mbm cp Znhkhpw
Fp [cnWw. cpw kw`hnm acWw \nbw
Xs hmbpbamWv. an tcmKn\pw ImcWw AXp
a\nemn awKfn\pXIp Ch [ym\]c\mbn
{_ssIyn\v thXpw sNWw. icocnse
]Xns\p am\fnepw {]Xymlmcw thWw. Hcp
m\p \npw asmcp m\tbvmIjnpI hsc Anm\amWv; knqcns \ndamWXn\v; A-
FXmWv {]Xymlmcw. Imense Xffhnc Dqn,
XpSbpsS a[y`mKw, Ducphns a[yw KpZmaqew, lrZbw,
tZla[yw, \m`n, IWvTw, apv, Xmepaqew \mknImaqew,
t\{X aWvUew ]pcnIfpsS a[yw s\n, intcmaqew
apns aqewhmkvX aqew ChbmWv. icocnse
{][m\s am\. \mknIapX {_ c{w hscbpffXmWv BImi
133. a\tkm [mcWw bZypky N bamZn`nx
[mcWm km N kwkmckmKctcmmc
ImcWw
134. BPm\p]mZ ]cyw ]rYnhom\ anjytX
]nem NmXpc {km N hkp[m h{Pem
vOnXw
N P
482
135. kvahyw ]LSnIm kvX{Xmtcm]y K
{]`RvPw
BPm\pISn]cy a]mw m\w
{]IonX
136. A N{kamImcw tizXap\
emnOnXw
kvahyaw`x izk\amtcm]y Zi\
\mUnImx
137. BtZla[yISyan\ apZmlrXw
X{X knqchtm n Pze\w Zi] N
138. ka thym \mUo Im {]mWm IrXzm
Ipwt`XtYcnXw
\mt` cp]cn \mkmw hmbp m\w
Xp X{X ssh
139. thZnImchXv {[qtam _ehm `qXamcpXx
kvahyx Ipw`tIss\h {]mWamtcm]y
amcpXw
140. LSnImhnwiXn kvXkvamXv {LmWmXv {_
_nemh[n
thymam\w \ `kvX{X `nRvP\
ka{]`w
[mcWsbXv bamZnI aptJ\ a\ns\ [mcWw
sNpXmWv. CXns ^eambn a\pjy kwkmc
kmKcw IS m i \mIpp. appI apX
Imephsc ]rYzom\amWv. ]oX hhpw NXpjvtIm
WmIrXnbnepffXpamb ]rYzn h{Pemv OnXbmWv.
Ap \nanjtmfw hmbphns\ [cnv ]rYznsb
[ym\nWw app apXve ISnhsc Pem\mamWv. Cu
Pem\ns BImcw AN{XpeyamWv. \ndw
shfpv, CXn ]p \mUnIhsc izmkw \ntcm[nv
Pes [ym\nWw. ISn {]tZiw apX icoca[yw
Xn ]Xn\p \nanjw {]mWs\ \ntcm[nv Ansb
[ym\nWw. \m`n apX \mknIhsc hmbphns
m\amWv thZnp XpeyamWv AXns BImcw. [q{a
Xpeyhpw in imenbpamb ]h\s\ Ccp]Xp \nanjw
hsc Ipw`Iw aptJ\ hmbphns\ tcm[nv [ym\nWw.
m\w. AXns \ndw ARvP\w t]msebpffXmWv.
141. thymav\namcpXamtcm]y Ipw`tIss\h
bXv \hm
]rYznhywti Xp tZ lky NXp_mlpw
IncoSn\w
142. A\ncpw lcnw tbmKo btXX `haptb
A_wti ]qctbtZymKo \mcmbW ap{Z{K[ox

I 143. {]Zypav\au hmbzwti kjW aXx ]cw
thymamwti ]camm\w hmbp tZhwkZm
kv atcXv
144. ANncmtZh XXv {]m]vXn bpRvPm \ky \
kwibx
_[zm tbmKmk\w ]qhw lrtiw
lrZbmRvP en.
145. \mkm{K\ykvX\bt\, Pnlzmw IrXzm N
Xmep \n
ZssZm\kwkv]yy Du[zImbx
kamlnXx
146. kwbtat{nb {Kmaam_pym hnipbm
Nn\w hmkptZhky ]cky ]cam\x
]cn{ia ioe\mb km[I Ipw`Iw aptJ\
hmbphns\ BImin \ntcm[nWw. ]ns
]rYznbpsS Awiapff `mKv NXp _mlphpw Inco
S[mcnbpw Bbpw A\ncps\p lcnsb [ym\nWw.
Xqew km[I\mb tbmKn apnv Al\mIpw.
Pemwin \mcmbWs\ [ym\nWw. Ftmgpw Cu
A`ymkw sNbvXp sImncnph\v ]cam kmm
Xvmcw s]sv e`npp. BZyw tbmKmk\nencp-
v lrZb{]tZiv lrZbw m]nv \mkm{Kn
ZrjvSn Ddnv \mv Amn tNpshv apI
fnsebpw Xmsgbpapff ]pIsf ]ckv]cw kv] in
msX icocw s]mn kamlnX\mbncpv ipamb
B _pn sImv C{nbsf kwbaw sNbvXp
hmkptZhs\ NnnWw.
147. kzcq] hym]vX cq]ky[ym\w ssIhey
knnZw
baam{Xw hmkptZhw NntbXv
Ipw`tI\ bx
148. k]vX PmnXw ]m]w Xky \iyXn
tbmKn\x
\m`nImXv kamc`y bmhXv lrZb tKmNcw
149. Pm{KXv hrnw hnPm\obmXv IWvTw
kz]v\ h\w
kpjp]vXw Xmepa[yw Xpcyw {`qa[y
kwnXw
150. XpcymXoXw]cw {_{_ct{ Xp
etbXv
Pm{KXv hrnw kamc`y bmhXv {_
_nemcw
151. X{Xmm{Xmbw Xpcobky Xpcmt hnjvWp
cpNytX
[ymt\ss\h kambptm thym\n NmXyt
\nte
N P
483
152. kqcytImSnZypXncnYw \ntXymZnX at[mPw K
lrZbmt`mcplmko\mw [ymtb[zm
hnizcq]nWw
Cs\ Xsbpffn hym]nncnp ]cam
mhns cq]s [ym\nm tamw knnpw. Hcp
bmaw hsc Ipw`Iw sNbvXp. `Khm hmkptZhs\
[ym\nphs Ggp Pn ]m]w \inpp.
\m`napX lrZbw hsc Pm{KXv hrnbpsS m\amWv.
kz]v\ hrn IWvTn nXnsNpp Xpcobm
XoXs m\w {_lmac{n ]c{_n\p
t\scbmWv. {_c{hsc Xpcnbmmhv hknpp.
AXns\ hnjvWp Fp ]dbpp. km[I \nem-
Imins lrZbIaen Ccnp tImSn kqcy
{]`mab\pw \ntXymZbcq]nbpw hnizcq]\pamb alm
hnjvWphns\ [ym\nWw.
153. At\ImImcJNnXat\I hZ\m\znXw
At\I `pP kwbp at\mImbp[
aWvUnXw
154. \m\mh[cw tZhw im ap{K apZmbp[w
At\I \b\m Iow kqcytImSn ka{]`w
155. [ymbtXm tbmKn\x kh at\mhrn
hn\iyXn
lrZv] pWvUcoI a[yw ssNX\y
tPymXnchybw
156. IZw_tKmfImImcw XpcymXoXw ]cmXv]c.
A\am\ abw Nnbw `mkvIcw hn`pw
157. \nhmXZo] kZriaIr{Xna aWn{]`w
[ymbtXm tbmKn\kvXky apnx IcXte
nXm
At\Iw BIrXn tNh\pw At\Iw apJap
ffh\pw At\I `pP\pw At\Iw apJapffh\pw At\I
`pP\pw At\Imbp[ [mcnbpw At\I t\{X\pw
tImSnkqcy ka{]`\pw hnizcq]\pamb hnjvWphns\
[ym\nm tbmKnbpsS kIe at\mhrnbpw ianpw.
lrZbIae nX\mb ssNX\y\pw tPymXncq]\pw
A hyb\pw IZw_tKmfmImc\pw XpcymXoX\pw
]cmXv ] c\pw A\\pw m\ab\pw Nnb\pw
khhym]nbpw \nhmX Zo]kZriy\pw AIr{XnaWn
{]`\pamb ]c{_s [ym\nm tamw tbmKnv
ssIbnse s\nt]mse A{X kp{KmlnbamIpw.
158. hnizcq]kyptZhky cq]w bXv InntZhln
hobx kqvaa\yZzm ]iy lrZb
]tP
 484

I 159. [ymbtXm tbmKnt\m b kvXp kmmtZh kpjp]vXn hZycXn kz`mh]cn\nex K

{]ImitX \nhmW]Zam{inXy tbmKo ssIhey
AWnamZn^ew ssNh kptJss\thm aiv\tX CXyp]\njv
]PmbtX
hniz tZhcq]s qetam kqvatam atsX
160. Pohm\x ]ckym]n btZyhap`tbm chn nepw hn[nepfftXm Bb cq]w lrZb Iaen
Altah ]cw {_{_mlanXn [ym\np tbmKn AXns kmmXv cq]ambn tXmp
kwnXnx Ibpw AWnamZn knnI A\mbmkw ssIhcnpIbpw
161. kam[nx kXp hntbx khhrn sNpp. Pohm ]camt_m[w t\Sn "Rm Xs
hnhPnXx {_w F nXn{]m]npIbmWv kam[n. kam
[n khhrn hnhPnX\mIpp. Cs\
{_ kZytX tbmKo \ `qbmx kwkrXnw
{_s {]m]n tbmKn hopw kwkmcn IpSp
{htPXv
pn. Ah\v ]p\Pn. Ah hndInm An
162. Ghw hntim[y XXzm\n tbmKo \nkv]rl t]mse kzbw im\mIpp. ]ns Ahs\mpw {Kln
tNXkm m\n.
bYm \ncnt\m hnx kzbtahw {]imarXn
Ahs {]mW\pw a\pw Bm\ kwbp
163. {Kmlym`mth a\x{]mtWm \nb m\ amIpp. Pen DpIsbtmWw Ah
kwbpXmx ]cammhn hnebw {]m]npp. {]]s Ah
ip XtXz ]tc eot\m Pohx sskh kz]v\ambn ImWpp. ]qambpw \ne\mbn Ah
]nWv U hXv. {_n kpjp]vXn t\Spp. As\ hnip\mb
164. taml PmeIkwLtXm hnizm ]iyXn tbmKn \nhmWw ]Zw t\Sn ssIhey ]Zw {]m]npp.
kz]v\hXv Cs\ D]\njv.
{XninJn {_mtWm]\njv kam]np.

1 [ym\- _ n- q- ] - \ n- j v 3

imn ]mTw jw hlnmXncntW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx

Hmw. kl \mhhXp. kl \u `p\p. 1. bZn ssiekaw ]m]w hnkvXow
klhocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\mh[oXa _lptbmP\w
kv X p. am hnZznjmhssl. Hmw imnx imnx `nZytX [ym\tbmtK\ \mt\ym \mZw t`Zx
imnx IZmN\
]c{_w R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv cn 2. _oPmcw ]cw _npw \mZw Xtkym
tW. cpt]scbpw Hcpanv ]cn]mens. RfpsS ]cnnXw
hocy tXPkznbmbnoctW. R ]ckv ]cw hntZz ki_vZw Nmtc otW \nx i_vZw ]caw ]Zw

N P

I 3. A\mlXw Xp b_vZ Xky i_vZky
bXv]cw
XXv] cw hntX bkvXp k tbmKo kwibx
4. _mem{KiX kml{kw Xky `mKky `mKn\.
Xky `mKky `mKmw XXvtb Xp
\ncRvP\w
5. ]pjv ] at[y bYm Kx ]tbm at[y bYm
LrXw
Xne at[y bYm Kx ]tbm at[y bYm
{LrXw
6. Ghw khmWn `qXm\n aWu kq{Xan
hm\n
nc_pnckwaqtVm {_hnZv {_Wn
nXx
]hXw t]mse _lptbmP\ hnkvX oapff
]m]ambmepw Ahsbmw [ym\tbmKm \jvSam
Ipp. ]m]w \inm CXmsXmcp aman;
_oPmcw ]ca_nphmWv. \mZw AXn\papIfn
nXnsNpp. \mZw Acn hnebw {]m]np
tm i_vZ clnXamb ]ca]Zw kwPmXamIpp.
A\mlX [z\npdw Hcp i_vZapv. AXv km[n
mte tbmKnv kwib \nhrn hcpIbpffq. XeapSn
\mcns A{Kns \qdn Hcp `mKn Bbncn
Hcp `mKhpw AXns A`mKhpw bnptm
\ncRv P \w kw`hnpp. ]qhn Kw t]mse,
]men s\vt]mse, Fffn Ft]mse ]mdbn
kzw t]mse, aWnbn kq{Xw t]mse, khnepw
{_w hym]nncnpp. nc_pnbpw m\nbpamb
tbmKn tamlclnX\mbn {_m\w kamPnv
{_n ebnpp.
7. Xnem\mw Xp bYm Xew ]pjvt ] K
Chm {inXx
]pcpjky icotc Xp k_mlym`ytc
nXx
8. hrw Xp hnZymXv Ombm kIew Xsskyh
\njvIem
kIte \njvIte `mth kh{Xmm
hyhnXx
Fbvv Fffpw kpKn\v ]qhpw B{ib
ambncnpXpt]mse {_w icocns Dffnepw
]pdpw nXnsNpp. hrsn Adnm
AXns Omb \njvIebmWv. AXpt]mse Bmhv
Fm m\pw nXnsNpp.
9. HmantXyImcw {_ t[ybw khapp `nx
]rYzn hyn EtKztZm `qcntXyh ]nXmalx
N P
485
10. AImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX {]Yt\ K
{]Whmw itI
Acow bp hmbp `pthm hnjvWp
P\m\x
11. DImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX ZznXotb
{]WhmwitI
Zyukqcy kmathZ kzcntXyh atlizcx
12. aImtc Xp ebw {]m]vtX ZznXotb {]W
hmwitI
AImcx ]nXhx kym{ZtPm KpW
XpocnXx
13. DImcx kmznIx ipx aImcx IrjvW
Xmakx
AjmwKw N NXpjv]mZm {Xnm\w
]ssZhXw
tamtNvipfmb kIe hynIfpw HmwImc
cq]nepapff A c {_s [ym\npp.
Hmwmcns {]Yamwiamb AImcn ]rYzn, An,
EtKzZw, `qx, ]nXmal Fnh ASpp. ZznXobmwi
amb DImcn Acow bPpthZw hmbp `phkp
hnjvWp Fnh ASpp. XrXobmwiamb aImcn
kqcy kmathZw kztemIw atlizc Fnh
tNcpp. AImcw ]oXhhpw ctPmKpWbp
hpamWv. DImcw tizXhhpw kXzKpWhpw; aImcw
XrjvW hhpw XtamKpWhpw. Cs\ {]Whw
AjvSmwKbphpw NXpjv] mZbpXhpw {Xnt\{Xtm
SpIqSnbXpw ] tZhXmIhpamWv.
14. HmwImcw tbm \ Pm\mXn {_tWm \
`thpkx
{]Wthm [\px itcm lymm {_
XyapNytX
15. A{]at\ thhyw ichtbm `thXv
\nht {Inbmx khmx Xkvan
ZrjvtS]cmhtc
16. Hmwmc {]`hm tZhm Hmwmc{]`hm kzcmx
Hmwmc {]`hw khw ss{XtemIyw
kNcmNcw
17. {ltkzm ZlXn ]m]m\n ZotLm kXv
{]tZmhybx
Aam{X kambpx {]Wthm tam
ZmbIx
HmwImcw Adnbmhs\ {_Ws\v ]dbm
]mSn {]Whw [\ppw Bmhv _mWhpw {_w
AXns eyhpamWv. BmhmIp _mWm

I kmh[m\w {itbmsS {_amIp eys BZyw
t`ZnpIbpw ]cm]cs\ AdnbpIbpw sNbvXm Fm
{InbIfn \npw \nhr\mIpp. Hmwmcn \nv HmwImc[z\nsb \mZklnXw tcNIw sNbvXv \mZebw
tZhmcpw kzcfpw aqp temIfpw kh NcmNc
fpapmbn. AXns {lkzamb Awiw ]m]
lcnpp. ZoLw Ahybamb kp \Ipp. \mkvYhpw lwkmIhpamb Hmmcs Zinp
Aam{Xmbpamb {]Whw tamw \Ipp.
18. ssXe[mcmanhmnw ZoLLm
\n\m`thXv
AhmNyw {]Whkym{Kw bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
19. lrXv ]Zva InImaty nc Zo]
\n`mIrXnw
AwKpjvTam{XaNew [ymtb tZmw Imcaoizcx
20. CUbm hmbpam]qcy ]qcbntXymZc nXw
HmwImcw tZla[yw [ymtbzmem
heohrXw
21. {_m]qcI CXyptm hnjvWp Ipw`I
DNytX
tctNm cp{Z CXn t{]mx {]mWmbmaky
tZhXmx
CSapdnbm ssXe[mct]msebpw \op \n
p aWn\mZw t]msebpw \mZm{Kn {]Whw
nXnsNpp. AXv Adnbph\mWv thZ.
lrZbIae InIbn Zo]inJt]msebpw AwKpjvT
am{XImcambpw Ccnp Hmwmccq]\mb Cuizcs\
[ym\npI. CUbneqsS hmbphns\ DZcn kw`cn
pI. tZha[yn Pzmem henIfm BhrXamb
Hmmcw [ym\nWw. ]qcIw {_hmsWpw Ipw`Iw
hnjvWphmsWpw tcNIw cp{Z\msWpw ]dbs
Spp. Ah aqhcpw {]mWmbmans A[njmTm\
tZhmcmWv.
22. Bm\acWnw IrXzm {]Whw
tNmcmcWnw
[ym\\nY\m `ymkmtZh ]mtiyn
KqVhXv
23. Hmmc[z\n\mtZ\ hmtbmx kwlcWmnIw
bmhZv _ew kamZ[ymXv kayv
\mZtbm h[n
24. KamKaw Ka\mZniq\y tamwImctaIw
chntImSnZo]vXnw
]iyn tb khP\mckvYw
lwkmIw tX hncPm `hnXm
Xmgs AcWnbpsS cq]n Bmhns\
N P
486
{Klnv {]Whs DmcWnbmpI. cnsbpw
K
aY\amIp [ym\m`ymk\m KqVXXzw ZinpI.
kw`hnp [ym\w bYmin sNpI. Kam\mKa\
nXhpw Ka\mZniq\yhpw tImSn kqcy{]`hpw khP
h ]]hnap\mIpw.
25. b\kv{XnPKrjvS n nXnhyk\
I IrXv
Xtbm hnebw bmXnXZzn jv tWmx
]caw ]Zw
26. AjvS]{Xw Xp lrZv ]w Zzn{XnwiXv
tIkcmIw
Xky at[y ntXm`m\p`m\pa[y KXx iio
27. iin a[yKtXm hn hn a[y KXm {]`m
{]`ma[ymKXw ]oXw \m\mcXv\{]thjv SnXw
28. Xky a[yKXw tZhw hmkptZhw \ncRvP\w
{ioh IukvX pt`mckvIw arm aWn
hn`qjnXw
29. ip kv^SnI kmkw N{ tImSn ka{]`w
Ghw [ymtblmhnjvWptahw hm
hn\bm nXw
30. AXkv{Xn]pjv ] kmiw \m`nmt\
{]Xnjv TnXw
NXp `pPw almhnjvWp ]qctIW
hnNntbXv
krjvSn nXn eb ImcWw GsXmmtWm,
a\nepffXv FhnsSbmtWm hnebw {]m]npXv,
AXmWv hnjvW phns ]ca]Zw. AjvSZftfmSp
IqSnbXpw apncp tImitemSp IqSnbXpamb
lrZbIaens a[yn kqcy\pw kqcys at[y
N{\pw nXnsNpp. N{\p at[y An, Anp
at[y {]`, {]`ma[yn \\mcXv\ ]Xn ]oTw,
AXns a[yn \ncRvP\\mb `Khm hmkptZh.
ipkv^ SnI kmi\pw N{ka{]`\pamb alm
hnjvWphns\ hn\btmsS [ym\npI. {Xn]pjv]
kmi\pw N{ka{]`\pamb almhnjv W phns\
]qcIw sNbvXv [ym\npI.
31. Ipw`tI\ lrZn mt\ NntbXv
Iaemk\w
{_mWw c Kucm`w NXph{w
]nXmalw
32. tcNtI\Xp hnZym eemSkvXw {XntemN\w
ipkv^SnIkmiw \njvIfw ]m]\mi\w

I 33. A_vP ]{Xa[x ]pjv]aq[z \mf at[mapJw
IZfo]pjv]kwImiw khthZabw inhw.
34. ]Zvta tkymZvLmS\w IrXzm t_m[ N{mn
kqcyIw
Xky lrZv_oPamlrXy Bm\w
NctX {[phw
Ipw`Iw sNp Ln lrZbm\v
Iaemk \\pw shfppw Nphpw \ndapffh\pw
NXp`pP\w ]oXmw_c\pamb {_mhns\ [ym\n
Ww. tcNIw sNptm ip kv^SnI ka\mb
s\nbpffh\pw \njvIf\pw ]m]\miI\pw {XntemN\
\pamb ics\ \mw [ym\nWw. inh kh
tZhab\mWv. \qdv Acfpw \qdv ]m{Xfpw hnime
tIkchpamb lrZbIaen kqcy, N{ An
Fnhsb NnnWw. Iaew hnIknptXmsS
kqcyN{mnIfpsS t_m[apmIpp. AhbpsS
_oPw kzoIcnptXmsS ncamb Bimn
ssIhcpp.
36. {Xnm\w N {Xn]m{Xw N {Xn{_
N{Xbmcw
{Xnam{Xa[ am{Xw hm bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
37. ssXe [mcmanhmn ZoL Lm \n\m
`thXv
_np \mZIemXoXw bkvXw thZ k
thZhnXv
bssY thmXv ]e \mtfW tXmb
amIj tbcx
XssY thmXv Ijtb Zzmbpw tbmKo tbmK
]tYnXx
39. A bm{XmIw IrXzm tImio `qXw Xp
]Pw
Ijtbmfamt{XW {`pthm at[y ebw
\tbXv
40. {`pthm at[y eemtS Xp \mkn ImbmkvXp
aqeXx
Pm\obmZarXw m\w XZv {_m bX\w
alXv.
aqp m\w aqp ]m{Xw aqp {_mhv aqp
cw cpam{X Aam{X Ch Adnbph thZU
\mWv. ssXe[mct]mse, Ahnnambn \oa
Wn\mZw t]mse _np, Ie, \mZw, FnhbvXoXamb
Hns\ Bcdnbpp. Ah thZ\mWv. Iae
\mfneqsS tbmKn tbmKkm[\ sNW. kkpSnX
Iaes Aam{Xm cq]amn hmbphns\ kpjpav\m
N P
487
\mUnbneqsS hensSpv ISnm\v ebnnWw. K
]pcnIfpsS a[yn \mknIbpsS aqe m\amb
s\nbn AarXm\w nXnsNpp. {_m\w
AXpXs.
41. Bk\w {]mWkwtcm[x {]Xymlmc
[mcWm
[ym\w kam[ntcXm\n tbmKwKm\n
`hn jSv
42. Bk\m\n NXmhn bmthtym
PohPmXbx
GtXjm aXpem t`Zm hnPm\mXn
atlizcx
43. On{Zw `{Zw XYm knwlw ]w tNXn
NXpjvSbw
B[mcmtJy KpZmt\ ]Pw bXp Zfw
44. Xty t{]mNytX tbm\nx ImamJym
knhnX,
tbm\n at[y nXw enwKw ]nam`napJw
XYm
Bk\w, {]mWmbmaw, {]Xymlmcw, [mcWw, [ym\w
kam[n Fnh tbmKns jUwKfmIpp.
temIn F{X PmXn PohnIfptm A{Xbpw C\w
Bk\Ifpapv. AhbpsS AkwJy t`Z ]ca
inht\ Adnbmhq knmU\w `{Zmk\w, knwlmk\w,
]mk\w, Fv Bk\ {][m\ambn \memWv.
{]Ya N{Iw B[mchpw cmaXv kzm[njvTm\hpw BWv.
cnsbpw at[y Imacq]amb tbm\n m\w nXn
sNpp. KZm\pff B[mc N{In \mep
Zfapff Iaeapv. AXns a[yn Ima F tbm\n;
AXv knhnXamWv. tbm\n at[y ]nam`napJamb
enwKw \nesImffpp.
46. akvX tI aWnhZv `nw tbm Pm\mXn k
tbmKhnXv
X]vXNmao IcmImcw XUnttJh
hnkv^ pcXv
47. NXpc{kap]cyt ct[m ta{VmXv
{]Xnjv TnXw
kzi_vtZ\ `thXv {]mWx kzm[njv Tm\w
XZm{ibw
48. kzm[njvTm\w XX{Iw ta{Vtab \nKZytX
aWnhp\m b{X hmbp\m ]qcnXw h]px
49. Xm`n aWvUew N{Iw t{]mNytX aWn
]qcIw
ZzmZimcalmNt{I ]pWy ]m]\nb{nXx

I 50. Xmhothm {`atXyhw bmhXzw\ hnXn
Du[zw ta{VmZt[m \mt`x Itm tbmSkvXn
JKmWv U hXv
51. X{X \mUy kapXv ]mx kl{kmWn
Zznk]v XXnx
tXjv T \mUoklt{kjv T Zznk]vXXn
cp{ZmlrXm.
akvXIn cXv\ w t]mse tim`np hkvXp
Adnbph tbmKhn\mWv. I\en Np kz
ns \ndtamSpw an t]mse {]Imiam\ambpw
Anm\p \npw \mewKpew apIfn {`a{]m
\n\p Xmsg kzw i_vZw Iep {]mW kvXnXn
sNpp. AXv kzm[njvTm\ N{Is B{ibnncn
pp. ta{Vns aqe`mKv kzm[ojvT m\ N{Iw;
AhnsS cXv\ Xpt]mse hmbp ]ocnXamb icocw;
\m`o aWvU e N{Is aWn]qcIsav ]dbpp.
AhnsS ]{v ActfmSp IqSnb alm N{In
]pWy ]m]fpsS \nb{Ww \Spp. Cu XXzw
{KlnpXphsc Poh Aetb hcpw; ta{Vn\p
apIfn \m`np Xmsg ]nap t]mse Hcp Iapv.
AXn \npw Fgp]ncmbncw \mUnI ]pdsSpp.
Ahbn Fgp]n csw {][m\sXmWv.
52. {][m\x {]mWhmlnt\ym `qbkvX{X Zi
kv arXmx
CUm N ]nwKfm ssNh kpjpav \m N
XrXobIw
53. Kmmco lkvX nPnlzmN ]qjm ssNh
biekzn\n
Aew_pkm Iplpc{X iwJn\o ZihnkvarXm
54. Ghw \mUnabw N{Iw hntbw
tbmKn\m kZm
kXXw {]mWhmln\yx tkma kqcymn
tZhXmx
55. CUm]nwKem kpjpav\ mkvX nt{km \mUy
{]IonXm
CUm hmta nXm `mtK ]nwKeo ZntW
nXm
56. kpjpav\m a[ytZti Xp {]mWam
kqbxkv arXm
{]mtWm ]m\x kam\tmZm\mx hym\
kvXssYhN
57. \mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\RvPbxctIm
{]mWmZymx ]hnJymXm \mKmZym
]ambhx
N P
488
Fgp]n cp \mUnIfpffhbn ]sw
K
{]mWhmln\nIfmWv. Ah CU, ]nwKf, kpjpav\,
Kmmcn, lkvXn, Pnlzm]qjm, bikzn\n, Bew_pk,
Iplp iwJn\n. Cu \mUoN{Is kw_n m\w
tbmKnIv hfsc BhiyamWv. Chbn CU, ]nwKf,
kpjpav\ a[yn aqpw {]mWs am kzcq]
fmWv. {]mW, A]m\, kam\, DZm\, hym\,
\Kw, Iqw, IrIcw, tZhZw, [\RvPbw {]mWmZn
Ifmb Apw IrIcmZnIfmb Apw {]knfmb
Apw IrIcmZnIfmb Apw {]knfmb hmbp
fmWv.
58. GtX \mUo klt{kjp ht
Pohcq]nWx
{]mWm]m\htimPothm ly[tm[zw
{][mhXn
59. hmaZnWamtW NeXzm ZriytX
Bn]vtXm `pPZWvtU\ btYmeXn
IpIx
60. {]mWm]m\kamn]vXkvXZz othm \
hn{itaXv
A]m\mXv IjXn {]mtWm ]m\x {]mWw
NIjXn
61. JKcphZntXyXtZym Pm\mXn k
tbmKhnXv
lImtcW _lnbmXn kImtcW
hntiXv ]p\x
62. lwklwtkXyapw a{w Pothm P]Xn
khZm
iXm\n jUv Znhmcm{Xw kl{kmtWyI
hnwiXnx
63. GXXv kwJym\znXw a{w Pothm P]Xn
khZm
AP]m \ma Kmb{Xo tbmKn\mw
tamZm kZm
Cs\ Cu hmbp Pohcq]n Bbncw
\mUnIfpw Dv. {]mWm]m\hicmbn Poh apIfnepw
Xmsgbpw hpw t]mbpancnpp. Nnetm CStmpw
Nnetm hetmpw AXp t]mIpw. NeamIbm
ImWm \nhrnbn. ssIsIm]pt]mse {]mWmhm
\mcm FdnbsSpXpsImv Poh\v hn{iaan.
{]mWm]m\m At\ym\yw BIjnsSpp. Cu
clkyadnbph\mWv tbmKn. {]mW lImc [z\nbn
shfnbntebvpw t]mIpp. Poh kZm lwkw F
a{w P]npp. Hcp Znhkw Cu P]kwJy Ccp]n
Hmcmbncn Adp\qdmWv. CsX{X AP]mKmb{Xn.
tbmKnIv CXv tamw \IpXmWv.

I 64. Akymx kev] amt{XW \cx ]mss]x
{]apNytX
A\bm kZrio hnZym A\bm kZrtim P]x
65. A\bm kZriw ]pWyw \ `qXw \ `hnjyXn
tb\ amtW Khyw {_ m\w
\ncmabw
66. iptJ\mmZy XZv Zzmcw {]kp]vXm ]ctaizco
{]_pm hn tbmtK\ a\km acpXm kl
67. kpNnhZv KpWamZmb {hPXyp[zw
kpjpav\bm
DZvL mStbXv I]mSw Xp bYm
IpnIbm lTmXv
68. IpWv Uen\ym Xbm tbmKo tamZzmcw
hnt`ZtbXv
69. IrXzm kw]pSnXm Icu ZrVXcw _[zm
]Zva mk\w
KmVw hkn kn[mb Nn_pIw [ym\wN
XtXkn
]mcmhmc a]mXaq[za\new
t{]mcb ]qcnXw
ap {]mW apss]Xn t_m[aXpew
in {]`mhmc.
70. ]Zvamk\ ntXm tbmKo \mUo ZzmtcjvT
]qcb
amcpXw Ip`bky kvXp k aptm
\m{X kwibx
a\pjy Cu AP]m Kmb{Xn a{ P]m
Xs ap\mIpw. CXn\p Xpeyamb hnZytbm P]tam
]pWytam thsdbn. Cu a{m A\mbmkw
{_m\w {]m]nmw. B amw Xs apJm
adv ]ctaizco in Ddpp. AXv hntbmKm
DWsSpp. \qens\smv kqNnt]msebpw
X m t m s m v h m X n t ] m s e b p w t b m K n
IpWvUen\nbm tam Zzmcw Xpdpp. ssII
kw]pSnXamn ZrVXtbmsS ]mk\nencpv
XmSnsImv amhnSw _eambn Aan a\n
{_s [ym\nv A]m\s\ apIfntebv v \bnv
BIjns {]mWs\ Xmtgmv \bnv km[I
IpWv U en\o inbpsS {]`mhw A\p`hnpp.
]mk\nencpv \mUnIfn hmbp kw`cnv
Ipw`Im \ntcm[np tbmKn XnIpw apn
t\Spp.
71. AwKm\mw a\w IrXzm {iaPmXt\
hmcnWm
ISzehWXymKo oc]m\cXx kpJo
N P
489
72. {_Nmco anXmlmco tbm\o tbmK K
]cmbWx
A_vZmZq[zw `thXv kntm \m{X Imcy
hnNmcWm
hymbmaw sImpmb hnbv icocn a\w
sNbvXp Ibv],v ]pfn, Dv, Fnh Dt]nv ]m IpSnv
kpJambncnWw. Cs\ km[\ sNp {_Nm
cnbmb tbmKn Hcp hjn\p fffn kn\mIpsa
Xn\m kwibnm\n.
73. Itm[zIpWv Ueo imnx k
tbmKo knn`mP\w
A]m\ {]mWtbmsscIyw bq{X
]pcojtbmx
74. bhm `hXn hrtm ]n kXXw aqe _\mXv
]mjvWn`mtK\ kw]oUy tbm\namIp
tbXv KpZw
75. A]m\aq[zapXvIrXy aqe_tm b
apNytX
DUymWw IpcptX bkvamZhn{im alm JKx
76. DobmWw XtZhkym{X _tm
hn[obtX
DZtc ]naw XmWw \mt`cq[zw Xp
ImctbXv
Ins apIfnepff IpWvU en\nbn tbmKn
\nbamIpw kn\mIppw. \nbma\pkrXw aqe_
m`ymkw sNbvX m {]mWmhss\Iyw km[npw;
aeaq{X Ipdbpw., hr t]mep bphmhmIpw.
Dqnbm tbm\n m\aan KpZw BIpnXamn
A]m\s\ apIfntebvmIjnWw. Cu {]{Inbbvv
aqe_w Fv ]dbpw. ASXv Dobm\ hn[n.
almJKw hn{ianpXpt]mse DZc]na XmWs
\m`np apIfn \ndptXpv.
77. DobmtWm ]ybw _tm arXyp amXwK
tIkco
_[v\mXn ln intcmPmXat[mKman\t`m Pew
78. XtXm Pmecm_ I ZpxJu
L \mi\x
Pmetc IrtX _t IktmN
eWw
79. \ ]obpjw ]XXyu \ N hmbpx {][mhXn
I]meIplntc Pnlzm {]hnjvSm hn]coXKm
80. {ZpthmcKXm ZrjvS nap{Zm `hXn tJNco
\tcmtKm acWw Xky \n{Zm \ p[m Xrjm

I acWamIp B\bvv knwln\v XpeyamWv. Cu
Dnbm\w ASpXv Pmec _w. Cu Pmec
_m intcm tIi Pes apIfn Xs \ntcm
[nWw. As\ sNbvXm I _hpw ihpw
\ in pw. P m e c_ n I Wv Tk t mN w
sNbvXm AarXw Anbn ]Xnn. hmbp HmSp
n. ASpXv tJNco ap{Z, \mv aSn I]meIplc
n sImpt]mbn. cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw a[yn
IqSn ZrjvSn DdnWw. Cu tJNco ap{Zm`ymkm
tcmKhpw acW `bhpw DmIpn. Ddw hniv
Zmlw FnhbpsS ieyw Dmhn.
81. \ N aqm `thky tbm ap{Zmw thn
tJNcnw
]oUytX \ N tcmtKW en]ytX \a
IWm
82. _tX \ N Imte\ bky ap{ZmkvXn
tJNco
Nnw NcXn tJ bkva mnlzm `hXn
tJKXm
83. tXss\jm tJNco \ma ap{Zm kn
a\kvIXm
tJNcym ap{Zbm bky hnhcw
ew_ntIm[zXx
84. _npx cXn t\m bky Iman\ym
enwKnX ky N
bmhZv _npx nXm tZtl Xmh arXyp
`bw IpXx
tamlmeykmtem tcmKmtem tJNco ap{Z
Ah\v `oXnbpmhn. Ah\v I_an.
tJNco ap{Zm`ymkm Nnw BImin nXn
sNpIbpw Pnlz BIiKman\nbmhpIbpw sNph
Ime_n s]Spn. AXn\m kn tbmKnI
tJNco ap{Z hWpp. AXpaqew \mep Zzmcw
ASbvphs hocyw kv{Xobpambpff BenwKnepw
{khnn. Dffn hocyw Dfftm acW`bsan\mWv?
85. bmhZv _m \t`m ap{Zm XmhZv_ np
\ KXm
KfntXm ]n _npx kw{]m]vtXm tbm\n
aWvUte
86. {hPXyq lTmXviym \n_tm
tbm\n ap{Zbm
k Gh Zznhnt[m _npx ]mWv Utcm
telnXkvXYm
87. ]mWv Ucw ip{I anXymlp temlnXm
JymwalmcmPx
N P
490
hn{Zpa{`pa kmiw tbm\n mt\ K
nXw cPx
88. iinmt\ htkZv _np kv{XtkymsscIyw
XpkpZpe`w
_npx inthm cPx in_nqcnp ]nkp
ctPm chnx
tJNco ap{Z DffnStmfw hocy]X\apmIn.
AYhm hocyw {khnv tbm\nm\v t]mbmepw
tbm\n ap{Z aptJ\ AXns\ hopw inbn apIfn
tebvmIjnmw. Cu hocyw izX hhpw chpw
Fv cp hn[apv. tizX hapffXv ipw; Npa
\ndapffXv almcPv; ]hngw t]mse Npa cPv
tbmKnbpsS tbm\nm\pw ipw N{\pw
nXnsNpp. cnsbpw kwtbmKw Zp`amWv.
ipw inhkzcq]hpw, cPvin kzcq]hpamWv. hocyw
N{\pw cPv kqcy\pamIpp.
89. D`tbmx kwKamtZh {]m]ytX ]caw h]px
hmbp\m inNmte\ t{]cnXw tJ bYm cPx
90. chnssWIXzambmXn `thnhyw h]pkvXYm
ipw Nt{W kwbpw cPx kqcy
kanXw
91. Zztbmx kacko `mhw tbm Pm\mXn k
tbmhnXv
tim[\w aePmXm\mw LS\w N{
kqcytbmx
92. ckm\mw timjWw kayMvalmap{ZZn [obtX
93. htm\ykvXl\p\nhoUy kpjncw
tbmt\hmamw {LnWm
lkvXm`yma\p[mcb {]hnXXw ]mZw XYm
ZnWw
B]mcy izkt\\ IpnbpKfw _[zmi
ss\xtcNtb
tZjm ]mX\min\o \\p alm ap{Z \rWmw
t{]mNytX.
cnsbpw kwtbmKm ]caamb tZlw
e`npw. hmbp aptJ\ insb Nennptm cPv
BImis {]m]npp. kqcyt\mSv tNcpp. Atm
icocw ZnhyamIpp. cnsbpw GIo`mhadnbp
h\mWv ASpXv. alm ap{ZbmWv. AXns\n ]dbmw.
lrZbw XmSnsIman CSXp Imense DqnsImv
tbm\n m\aan \onb atm ]nSnv cp
IpnIsfbpw _nv \ndp \ndpnb izmkw
kmh[m\w shfnbntebvv hnSWw. Cu ap{Zsb ]m]-
\min\nbmb almap{Zsbv ]dbpp.

I 94. AY B \nbw hyJytkylrZnmt\
AjvS Zf ]w htX. Xty tcJm hebw
IrXzm Pohmm cq]w tPymXncq]mWp am{Xw
htX. Xkvan khw {]Xnjv T nXw `hXn.
k h w Pm\ mXn. k h w I tcmX n. k hta
XcnXalw Im lw t`mm kpJo ZpJo
ImWx JRvtPm _[ntcm aqIx Irix qex
At\\ {]ImtcW kzX{hmtZ\ htX.
]qh Ztf hn{iatX ]qhw Zfw tizXhw
XZm ` n ]pccw [ aXn`hXn. bYm
BtbZtf hn{iatX XZmtbZfw chw
XZm \n{ZmekyaXn `hXn. bZm ZnW Ztf
hn{iatX XpnW Zfw IrjvW hw XZm
tZzj tI m] aX n `h Xn. bZ m ] naZtf
hn{iatX XXv ]naZtf hn{iatX XXv ]na
Zf, kv^SnI hw XZm {IoUm hnt\mtZ aXn
`hXn. bZm hmbhyZtf hn{iatX hmbhy Zfw
amWnIyhw XZmKat\ Ne\ sshcmKyaXn
`hXn. btZmcZtf hn{iatX XZpc Zfw
]oXhw XZm kpJ irwJmcaXn `hXn. bZm
Cuim\ Ztf hn{iatX XZoim\ Zfw sshUqcy
hw XZmZm\mXn Ir]m aXn `hXn. bZm
knjp ]Xn `hXn. XZm hmX]n tjva
alm hym[n {]tImt]m `hXn. bZm at[y XnjvTXn
XZm khw Pm\mXn, Kmb{Xn, \rXyXn, B\w,
I tc m X n. bZ m t\ {X {i t am `h X n. {i a
\nlcWmw {]YatcJm hebw IrXzm at[y
\na\w IpcptX. {]Ya tcJm _kqI ]pjv]
hw XZm \n{Z hm `hXn. \n{Zmh m at[y
kzh\mhm `hXn. kz]v\mhamt[y ZrjvS
{ipXm\pam\ kw`hhmm CXymZn Iev]\mw
ItcmXn. XZmZn {itam `hXn. {ia\nlc
Wmw ZznXob tcJmhebw IrXzm at[y
\na\w IpcptX ZznXob tcJm C{ Nm]
hw XZm kpjp]vXyhm `hXn. kpjp]vXu
tIhe ]ctaizc kw_n \o _pn`hXn.
\nXy t_m[ kzcq]m `hXn. XrXob tcJmhebw
IrXzm at[y \na\w IpcptX. XrXob tcJm
] c mK h w X Zm X p cobmh m `h Xn.
Xpcotb tIhe ]cam kw_n\o `hXn.
\nXyt_m[ kzcq] `hXn. XZm iss\x iss\
cq]ctaZv _pym [rXn KrloX amkww
a\x IrXzm \ Inw NnZ]n NntbZm {]mWm
]m\tbmsscIyw IrXzm khw hnizamkz
cqt]W eyw [mcbXn. bZm XpcnbmXoXhm
XZm kthjm am\ kzcqt]m `hXn Zzzm
X otX m `h X n bmh tl [ mc W h tX
XmhnjvTXn ]mXv ]cam cqt]W {]m]vXn
`hXn CXyt\\ {]ImtcW tamtm `hXoZta
N P
491
hm Zit\m]mbx `hn NXpjv]Ykambp K
almZzmcK hmbp\m klnX {XntImWm
Kat\ ZriytX ANypXx
XpSv Bmhns \nbspdnv ]dbmw.
lrZb m\v AjvSZf nXnsNpp. AXn
tcJIsf B{ibnv Pohmmhmb tPymXnx kzcq]w
AWpam{X cq]n hknpp. kIeXp AXne
Spp. AXv kIeXpw Adnbpp. AXpXs Fmw
sN pp; Nn n pp R m k Ie ns bpw
Imhpw t`mmhpw kpJnbpw ZpxJnbpw JRvP \pw
_[nc\pw aqI\pw Iri\pw qe\pw BIpp. Cs\
AXv kzX{ambn s]cpamdpp. B Iaens ]qh
Zfw shfpXmWv. AXn hknpXn\m _pn
`nbnepw [nepw ]Xnbpp. Btb Znnse
tizX Zfn hknptm _pn \n{Zbnepw
Bekynepw s]Spp. heXp `mKs IrjvW Zfn-
emIptm tZmjtIm]mZnIfn s]Spp. ss\IrX
Znnepff \oehnemIptm _pn ]m]I
nepw lnwk bnepw s]Spp. ]na`mKs
kv^ SnI hnemIptm _pn{IoUm ht\mZm
ZnIfn s]Spp. hmbhy tImWnepff amWnIy kZriy
Zfn hknptm Ne\w sshcmKy `mh\ Fnh
bn _pn t]mIpp. hSp `mKs ]oXh
Zfn hknptm kuJy irwKmcmZnIfn _pn
t]mIpp. Cuim\ tImWnepff sshUqcy cXv\Xp
eyamb Zfn hknptm Zm\mZnIfnepw Zbbnepw
_pn hy]cnpp. knIfpsS knbn _pn
t]mIptm hmXw ]nw I^w Fo almtcmK
fpsS tIm]w DmIpp. a[y`mKp \nptm
Fmw Adnbm\pw Km\w \rw A[yb\w Chbn
s]Sm\pw _pnp Ignbpp. In\v {iaw t\cnSp
tm AXv \om {]Ya tcJm a[yn AXv
\nh\w sNpp. Xnanw \n{Zmh DmIpp.
B {]Ya tcJ sNcnqhns \ndapffXmWv;
\n{ZhbpsS a[ynepffXmWv kz]v \ mh.
kz]v\n IXpw tIXpw A\pam\nsXpamb
Imcy kev]nsSptm {iaw A\p`hsSpp.
B {iaw ZqcoIcnphm cmw imJbpsS a[yn
a p p p. A Xns \ndw a gh nns\ m Xm Wv .
kpjp]vXnbn _pn Cuizc kw_ambpw \nXyt_m
[\ kzcq]ambpw Ccnpp. AXpsImv ]noSv
Cuizc {]m]vXnbpw DmIpp. ]cmKns \ndap
ff cmas imJbpsS a[yn s]Sptm
Xpcobmh ssIhcpp. Atm _pn ]cammhp
ambn _apffXpw \nXy t_m[kzcq]hpw Bbno
cpp. Atm ]XpsXps kIeXnepw \nv
`nambn ss[cytmsS a\ns\ Bmhnepdnv
A\\y NntbmsSbncnWw. Atm {]mW
A]m\\n GIo`hnv kIe hnizsbpw B

I kzcq]ambn IcpXn AXns\ eoIcnpp. Xpcobmh
ssIhcptm Fmw B\ kzcq]ambn Zzz
`mhw \jvSsSpp. AXn\ptijw t_m[w ]qamIp
Xp hsc Poh tZln Xs XpIbpw ]cam
XXzn hnebw {]m]npIbpw sNpp. CXp
XsbmWv tam{]m]vXnpff hgn, Cu amn
IqSns BZi\w e`npp. NXpjv]Zbp-
an alm Zzmcn t]mIp hmbphns\msSmw hknv
A {XntImWn IqSn ANypXs\ ImWm
km[npw.
95. ]qthm {XntImW m\m Zp]cn
]rYn hymZn ]hIw t[ybw
{]mWm Zn ]hmbp _oPw hw
N m\Iw
bImcw {]mW _oPw N \oe PoaqX kn`w
cImcan _oPw N A]m\mZnXy kn`w.
96. eImcw ]rYznho cq]w hym\w
_kqI kn`w
hImcw Poh _oPw N DZm\w iwJ hIw
97. lmcw hnbzcq]w N kam\w
kv^SnI {]Zw
lrm`n \m km Im N ]mZmw Kpjv TmZn
kwnXm.
98. Zznk]XXn kl{kmWn \mUnhtjvT
htX
AjvSm hnwiXn tImSojvT tcmaIpt]jp
kwnXm.
99. kam\ {]mW GIkvXp Pohx k GI
Gh lnx
tcN ImZn{Xbw IpcymXv ZrV Nnx
kmalnXx
100. iss\x kakvX amIrjy]rXv ktcmcp
hntImStc
{]mWm]m \u Xp _[zmXp {]Whth\
kaptcXv.
]qthmamb {XntImW m\n\p apIfnembn
Ap htfmSp IqSnb ]rYzn XpSnb XXz
[ym\nstShbmWv. bImcw hmbp cq]nepff
{]mWs _oPamWv. AXv ImtaL kZriysas{X. "c'
Imcw BZnXy cq]nepff hym\\mWv. AXn\v sN
cn ]qhns \ndamWv. "h' Imcw iwJhnepff
Pecq]amb DZm\s _oPamWv. "l' Imcw kv^ SnI
hnepff BImin\pXpeyamWv. lrZbw, \m`n,
N Q
492
\mknI, sNhn, Imense Xffhnc Fnh kam\s
K
m\fmWv. Cu kam\ hmbp Fgp]ocmbncw
\mUnIfnepw icocns tcmaIq]fnepw hknp
p. kam\\pw {]mW\pw HpXs. AXpXs
GI\mb Poh. a\v thhn[w kamlcnv tcNIw
Ipw`Iw ]qcIw aqpw sNtXpv. Fmw kmh[m\w
BIjnv lrZbIaen {]mWhmbphns\bpw
\ntcm[nv {]Whw DcnWw.
101. IWvT ktmN\w IrXzm
enwKktmN\w XYm
aqem[mc kpjpav\m N ]ZvaXp \n`m ip`m
102. Aaqtm htX \mtZm hoWm ZWvU
kapnXx
iwJ\mZm`nssh a[ytah [z\ncyYm
103. thymac{KtXm \mtZm ambqcw \mZtah N
I]meI ltc at[y NXp Zzmcky a[yta
104. XZmm cmPtX X{X bYm thymav\n ZnhmIcx
tImZWvU Zzbat[y Xp {_ct{jp
inXx
105. kzmm\w ]pcpjw ]ty\ kvX{X
ebw KXw
cXv\m\n tPymv\n \mZw Xp _np
amtlizcw ]Zw
b Ghw thZ ]pcpjx k ssIheyw
kaiv\ptX
CXyp]\njXv.
IWvThpw enwKhpw ktmNnnv aqem[mcn
\npw Xmac\q t]mse ]pdsSp kpjpav \ m
\mUnsb ktmNnnWw. Atm hoWbn \npw
]pdsSp Aaq \mZw A\p`hsSpw. AXns
a[yn iwJmZn\mZw t]mepff [z\n apgpw.
Iamea[y n NXp ZzmcfpsS a[y m\w
nXnsNpp. AhnsS BImi c{n IqSn
t]mIp \mZw abnens i_vZ n\p XpeyamWv.
BImin kqcy {]IminpXpt]mse AhnsS
Bmhv tim`npp. {_c{n cphnpI-
fpsS at[y in tim`npp. AhnsS ]pcpj Xs
a\v ebnnv Bmhns\ ImWpI. AhnsS cXv\
tPymXnmIp \mZ_np atlizcs ]ZamWv AXv
Adnbph ssIheyw {]m]npp. Fv D]\nj
pI hyampp.
[ym\_nq]\njv Ahkm\nnp.
P

I K
1 Zn-Wm-aqyp-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw
Hmw kl \mh-hXpw kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-hssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Kpcp injy-m-cmb \ cp-t]-scbpw
cn-tW. ]cn-]m-en--s. cp t]cpw Hcp-anp Ign-hp-
I t\S-tW. R-fpsS A[y-b\w tXtPm-a-b-am-ItW.
R ]c-k] v cw hntZzjw Ie- cm-Xn-cn-tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
1. Hmw {_m-ht alm-`m-o-c-h-S-aqte alm-
k-{Xmb ktaXm aljbx iu\-Im-Zb kvtX l
kanXv ]m- b - k v X Xz Pn m- k thm am-
tbw Nncw-Po-hn\w D]-k-taXy ]{]px tI\Xzw
Nncw Poh-kn. tI\ hm B\ a\p-`-hkn CXn.
{_m-h-n alm- `m-o-cw Fp t]cp hS-
hr-- ns Nph-n alpw ZoL-Imew \op
\np-- Xp-amb alm- bw \S-m thn iu\- I
XpS- nb ap\n-am kt-fn-p. XXz-Pn- m-k-tbmsS kanXv
]mWn-I-fmbn Ah Nncw-Po-hn-bmb am-t- bs\ kao-
]nv tNmZnp: Av F-s\-bmWv Nnc-RvPo-hn-bm-bXv?
Fn-s\-bmWv B\w A\p-`-hn-p-Xv?
]c-a-c-l -k y-i o-h- X- z-m-t\-t \Xn
k tlm hmN
]c-a-c-l-ky-amb inh-X-z-m-\
- m-emWv Fv
Atlw adp-]Sn \In.
3. Inw XXv ]c-a-c-lk
- y-in-h-X
- z-m-\w, X{XtIm
tZhx tI a{mx tIm P]x Im ap{Zm Iv \njvTm
Inw XXv m\-km-[ \w Ix ]cn-Icx tIm_enx
Ix Imex Inw XXv m\-anXn
aljn-am tNmZnp: B ]c-a-c-lk
- y-amb inh-X-Xz-
m-\-sa-mWv? AXns tZh-\mcv? a{- ta-XmWv? Phw
GXmWv? ap{Z GXmWv? m\- e-_v[nv A\p- jTv n-t
km[-\-sbv? \njvT-sbv? B Fv? _en FmWv?
FXmWv Imew? m\-sav?
4. k tlmhmN tb\ Zn-W m-apJx inthm f
]tcm-o-IrtXm `h-Xn, XXv ]ca cl-kyw. inh
Xz- m- \w.
am-t-b ]dp: Zn-W m-a p-J Fp
t]cp inh GsXmp sImmtWm Zrn tKmN-c-\m-
N P
493
bn-o-cp- Xv AXp-X-s- bmWv ]c-a-c-l-ky-amb inh-X-z-
m\w
5. bx kthm ]cta Imte khm-\ym--\yp-]-
kw-lrXym kzmm-\--kptJ tamZtX {]Im-itX
hm k tZhx
kI-et- em-I
- -fp-sSbpw Ah-km-\-L--n kh-N-
cm-N-c-fpw Xn kam-l-cnv kzbw Bm-\-k - p-J-
n {]k--Nn--\mbn kzbw {]Im-i-\m-bn-cn-p
tZh Xs- bmWv Cu XXz- m- \-e-_v[nv Bcm- [n- t
tZh.
6. Ass{XtX a{-c-lk - y-tmIm `h-n. Aky-
{in-ta[m Zn-W m-aqn-a-{ky {_m Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Ox tZhXm Zn-Wmkyx at{mWmw
K\ymkx
ChnsS a{--fpsS clkyw shfn-hm-p tmI-
CXm-Cu ta[m ZnWm aqn a{-ns Ejn
{_m-hpw, Ov Kmb-{Xn-bpw, tZhX Zn- Wm-ap-J-\p-am-
Ip-p. a{w sImv AwK-\ymkw sNp-I.
7. Hmw. BZu \ma Dmcy XtXm `K-htX ]Zw
Zn- t WXn ]Zw ]m- ptb ]Z- a - - t cXv
Akva- -_ vZ-N -X pyw ta[mw {]mw ]Zw
htZ-Xv. kap- mcy XtXm hmbp _oPw x XXx
]tTXvx An Pmbmw XX-kvtXmj NXphnwimw-
tcm a\px
BZyw Hmw \ax Fp-c - nv `K-htX Fpw ]noSv
ZnWm Fpw ]ns aqtb Fpw ]ns AkvaZv
i_vZ-ns NXpn GI-hN - \
- -amb alyw Fpw
]ns ta[mw {]mw Fo ]Z-fpw D-cn-p-I. {]
Fp--cnv hmbp-hns^ _oP-a-{-amb b bpw F
i_vZhpw D-cn-p-I. ]noSv An-bpsS ]Xv\n-bmb
kzml Fp ]d-bp-I. CXmWv Ccp-]-n-\me A- c-ap
a{w. AXm-bXv Hmw \tam `K-htX Zn-Wm-aqtb
alyw ta[mw {]w {]b kzml F a{w sNmp-I.
8. [ym\w
kv^Sn-I-c-P -X-hw aun-Io-a--amem
aarX Ie-i-hnZymw m\-ap{Zmw Icmt{K
Z[-Xa
- p-c-K-Iw N{-NqUw {Xnt\{Xw
hn[rX hnhn-[-`q-jw-Z-n-Wm-aqn-ao-tU.

I kv^Sn- I-a- Wn-Xp-eyhpw cPXw t]msebpw shfp \nd-
ap--h\pw app-P-]-am-ebpw Icm-{K-n Aar-X-I-e-i-
hn-Zy-bm-Ip m\ap-{Zbpw [cn-n-cn-p-Xpw I-
n k-sf AWn--h\pw N{--em-[-c\pw ap- D-cn--aw.
\pw hnhn-[- `q-j- W- [cn- n-cn-p--h-\p-amb Zn- Wm-
aqnsb Rm kvXpXn-p-p.
at{W \ymkx
9. BZ\ thZmZn apmcy
kzcmZyw khn-kIw
]mw XXv DyXy
Acw khn-km-Iw
At kap--tc-mcw a\p-tcj \hm-cx
a{w sImp \ymkw BZyw thZ-ns BZym-
- c-amb Hmm-chpw ]noSv kzc--fpsS khn-k-amb
BZym-- chpw (A,-D,-a) Hmw F {]W-h-a-{s ]noSv
]mw AXm- bXv ZnWmaqn F i_vZ-sbpw
AXn-s\-p-Sv hnk-tmsS Acw i_vZ-sbpw
HSp-hn Xmcw AXm-bXv Hmw Fpw D-cn-- Ww. Cu \hm-
- c-amWv a\p-a{w Fp ]d-bs - -Sp--Xv. Hmw Ax Zn-
Wm-aqy-cx Hmwx
10. ap{Zmw `{Zm-Zm{Xow k]-ci - p-l-cnWw _mlp-
`n_m-lp-t aIw
Pm\zm-kw Z[mt\m `qP-K-_n-e-ka - m-_-I
- -
tym-hSm[x
Bko-\--{-NqUx {]Xn-L-Sn-X-PSx c
Kuckv{Xn t\t{Xm ZZym-ZmZyw ipIm-ssZy ap\n-
`n-c`- n-hrtXm `mh-ipow `thm \x
ipI XpS-nb aljn-am-cm tkhn--s-Sp--
h\pw Hcp ssIn A`-b-ap{Z at ssIbn ]c-ip, am
Fnh [cn-n-p--h\pw Hcp ssI PwL- bn sh-h\pw
hS-hr-- Np-h-n Ccn-p--h\pw ]mp- I hnl-cn-p
ico-c-tmSp IqSn-b-h\pw N{--e- bm tim`n-X-amb PSm-
`mcw tN-h\pw ]m t]mse shfp \nd-am-h\pw
{Xnt\-{X\pw BZn-`-K-hm-\p-amb inh \apv `mh-ipn
\I-s.
11. at{mW \ymk: {_jn \ymk: Xmcw ]cn-tk-hn-X\pw hS-hr--Np-h-n hncm-Pn-p--h-\p-amb
{_qw\ax Dmcy ambmw hmKv`-h-tah N ZoWm `K-hm i-cs\ Rm \a-kI
]Z-ap-mcy XXx kymqtb ]Zw
12. m\w tZln ]Zw ]m-Zz-n-Pmbmw XtXm
\ymtkXv a\p-c-m-Zi
- mtm-Sbw kh-a-t{jvT
tKm]nXw
Hmw {_q \ax Fp--cnv amb AXm-bXv {low
hmKv `h AXm-bXv sFw Fpw ZnW ]Zw Fp
]dv aqtb Fpw m\w tZln Fpw HSp-hn
N P
494
An ]Xv\n-bmb kzmlm Fp D-cn--Ww. AXm-bXv
K
Hmw {_qw \ax {low sFw ZnWm aqtb m\w
tZln kzmlm F A-Z-im-c bp-amb a\p a{w
13. `kva-hym-]mp cmwKx iin-i-Ie [tcm-m-
\-ap-{Zm- -amem
hoWm ]pkvs sX hncm-P-XvI-c-I-a-e-[tcm tbmK-
]-m-`n-cmax
hmJym-]otT \njtm ap\n-h-c-\n-Isscx
tkhy-am\x {]kx
khymew Irn hmkmx kX-X-a-h-\ pt\m Zn-
Wm-a qn-c oix
`kva-te-]-\- m shfp ico- c-tmSp IqSn- b-h\pw
iin-I-em-[-c\pw Ic-Ia- -e
- n m\-ap-{Zbpw cp{Zm--
am-ebpw hoWbpw ]pkvX-Ihpw [cn-n-cn-p--h\pw tbK-
]--[m-cnbpw hymJym-]o-T-n-X\pw t{ijvT-a p-\n-am-cm
tkhy-am-\\pw {]k-\pw k--fm {]tim-`n-X\pw
hym{L-N [mcnbpw Bb Zn-Wm-aqn Rsf
]men--s.
14. at{W \ymkx ({_- jn \ymkw) Xmcw
]cwcam-_ oPw htZ-X v, kmw_-i n-h mb N Xp`yw
Nm\-e-Pmbmw N a\pZzm-Z-i-hI
BZyw Hmw {low {iow Fv ]d-bW
- w. ]ns kmw_-
in-hmb Fp ]ns Xp`yw Fp HSp-hn kzmlm Fp
]d-bW- w. CXv ]{v A-c-ap a\p-a-{-am-Wv. (Hmw
{low {iow kmw_ inhmb Xp`ymw kzmlm)
15. hoWmw Isscx ]pkvX-I-a--amemw
_n{`m-W-a-\{- Zm-`-Kfw hcmVyw
^Wo-{-Iyw ap\n`nx ipImssZyx
tkhyw hSm[x IrX-\o-U-aotUx
Ic--fm hoWbpw ]pkvX-Ihpw A-c-am-ebpw
IWvT - n cp{Zm- -a m-e bpw [cn- n-p- -h \pw Hcp
ssIbn A`-b-Zm-\-ap-{Z-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw Imta-L-k-am-
\-amb tImaf IWvT-tmSp IqSn-b-h\pw AXn-t{i-jvT\pw
k--fm A-ew-Ir-X-i-co-c\pw ipIm-Zn-ap\n hc-m-cm
v -cn-p-p.
16. hnjv W px Ejnx A\p- p- ] v O x tZhXm
ZnWmkyx at{-W-\ymkx Xmcw \tam `K-htX
Xp`yw hS-]Zw XXx apteXn ]Z-ap-mcy hmknt\
]Z-ap- -tcXv
17. {]-ta[m ]Zw ]m-Zm-Zn-k now XtXm f
htZXv
Zmbnt\ ]Z-ap-m-cy-am-bnt\ \a D-tcXv
 495

I 18. hmKo-imb XXx ]m a{- \nc-cw Dcp-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XmWv m\- K

lm-m-\-]Zw XXx
hn Pmbmw XX-kvtXzj
Zzm{Xnw-iZ- z tIma\px
A\p- pt`m a{-cmPx
kh-a- t{m- -tam-aw
BZyw Hmw \tam `Kth Xp`yw Fpw ]noSv hS
i_vZhpw ]noSv aqe-i-_vZhpw ]ns hmknt\ Fpw
D-cnv {]m-ta-t[m-]Z- hpw AXn-\p-tijw BZn-knn
Fpw D-cn--Ww. ]ns Zmbnt\ Fv ambnt\ \ax
F ]Zhpw tN-Ww. HSp-hn kzmlm Fp-c - n-p-
I. As\ Hmw \tam `K-htX Xp`yw hS-aq-e-hm-knt\
{]m-ta- [mZn knn-Zm-bnt\ ambnt\ \ax hmKo- imb alm-
m-\mb kzmlm CXns Rjn hnjvWphpw Nv
A\p-bpw tZhX Zn-Wm-ap-J\pw BWv. Cu a{w Gsd
t{ijvT-am-W.v
19. ap{Zm ]pkvXI - -h-n-\mK hne-k-Zv_mlpw
{]k-m-\\w
apm-lm-c-hn-`q-jWw iin-Iem
`mkz-XvIn-co-tSm-Pzew 22. KmV Xman-{k-kw-imssy
Am-\m-]l - -am-Zn- am-Zna Kncm-aw
`hm-\o-]Xnw
\yt{Km-[m--\n-hmkn \w ]c-Kpcpw
[ymbmay `nm-]vXtb
m\m-`-b-ap-{Z-I ]pkvXIw An, kw, Fn-h-
bm tim`n-p ssII-tfmSp IqSn-b-h\pw apm-lm-c-`q-
jn-X\pw N{--em-n-X-amb Inco-S-m tim`n-X\pw
Am-\-\m-i-I\pw BZn ]pcp-j\pw hmK-Xo-X\pw ]mh-
Xo-Im-\pw kh-Kp-cphpw hS-hr-- aqe hmknbpw Bb
inhs\ Rm A`o--kn-n-mbn [ym\n-p-p.
20. a\- \ - a p{Zm tkm f lanXn bmh- Z m- nXnx
k\njvTm `hXn XZ-t`-tZ\ a{m-t{am-U\w m\-
km-[\w Nnt XtZ-I-Xm-\Xm ]cn-Icx AwK-tN-
mWw _enx {XoWn [mam\n Imex ZzmZ-im--
]Zw m\- a nXn tX l ]p\x {i- [ m-\ mkvX w
{]XyqNpx IYw hm f tkymZbxInw kzcq]w
tImhm Aky D]m-kI CXn. k tlm hmN sshcm-
Ky-ssXe kqt
`n hn ka-\zntX
{]t_m-[-] q-]mt{X Xp
m]vXn Zo]w hntem-I-tbXv
Rm ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv F Nnm-KXn acWw
hsc Dm-bn-cn--Ww. AXp Xs {_-\n-jvT. ]c-{_-- _pn-X-s-bmWv. ]c-a-X- Xzm-`n-e--W-n kmm-XvIm-
n \nv `n-a-sp IcpXn ]q- sav Icp- X-s- Sp cns apJw tNXv Zn-Wm-ap-J Fv {_-hm-Zn-
km-[-\w. Nn-m B ]c-a-X-Xz-n GIm-{K-X-tbmsS
[ym\n-p--XmWv ]cn-Ic - w. AwK-tN--I-fpsS ka--W-
amWv _en. `K-h-XvIm-cy--fn Ic-W-N-c-Wm-Zn-I Nen-
n-p--XmWv ]qP. qew kqvaw _oP-cq]w Fo
aqp [ma--fmWv Imew. ZzmZ-im--]-Zw. AXm-bXv kl-
{k-Z-f-I-aew Xs.-bmWv ]cam-m-hns\ {]m]n-m-\p
m\w {im-bp- - cmb aljn- am _oPw amtb-
t\mSv tNmZnp: CXv Fs\ DZbw sNpp? AXns
kzcq-]-sav? CXns D]m-k-I-\m-cmWv? amt-b
]dp. sshcm-Ky-am-Ip F-bm \nd `n-bm-Ip-
-Xn-cn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb m\-]m-{X-n ]vXn-bm-Ip
Zo]-s-Im-Wp-p. AXm-bXv ssh-cmKy`nbpw m
\hpw sImmWv Cuiz-c-Zi\w e`n-p- -Xv . Xs
Dnepw Ncm-N-c--fnepw hym]-cn-n-cn-p Cuiz-cs\
Xs Bm-hp-XsbmsWv Icp-Xp--XmWv ]vXn.
21. tamlm--Imtc \nmtc
DtZXn kzb-tah ln
sshcm-Ky-a-cWnw IrXzm
m\w IrXzm XpNn-{XKpw
KqV-aw \nth-Z-tbXv
taml-`m-\p-P- kw- {Imw
hnth-ImJyw arI- pPw
23. XXz-hn-Nm-c]m ti\
_w ssZzX-`b - m-Xpcw
Do-h-b- n-Pm-\ t
kzkz-cq-t]W kwnXx
kmc-lo-\hpw Am-\I - -ev]n-X-hp-amb A-Im-c-
n B Zo]w kzbw DZbw sNp-p. sshcm-Kys
Ac-Wn- bmn Xs m\w aYn-p-hm- \p C-\-am- n
Xo-Ww. Am-\m--Im-cw, \in-n-m ]c-a-XXzw
{Kln--Ww. A`ym-kw-smt ]c-a-XXzw Zin-m
km[n- q. t_m[-iq-\y-Xm-]m-i-m _-amb ssZzX `mh-
`-b-m hymIp-ehpw taml-arXyp h{-n ]Xnv
hnth-I-am-Ip am-t-bs\ Do-hn-nv Bm-cm-a-
Xz-am-Ip ]c-am-\-
- n AXm-bXv kzkz-cq-]-n
nXn sNm Ign-b-Ww.
24. tiapjo ZnWm t{]mm
km bkym `otW apJw
Zn-Wm-`n-apJx t{]mx inthm f ku
{_-hm-Zn`nx
ZnW {_-{]-Im-i-Ihpw XXz-m-\m-- I-hp-amb

N P
 496

I I ]d-bp-p. inhs\ Dt-inv Cu \maw {]kn--am-bn. bpsS D]m-k-\-I.

25. km-Zn-Imte `K-hm hncn-n-cp]m ssky\w
k-km-ay-am]y XptXmj Nnt hmRvO n-
Xmmw- i e_v [ zm [\yx tkm]m- t Iym- ] m-
ktIm `hXn [mXm
krn-bpsS BZy-L- -n `Km-h {_mhv Ct-
ls D]-tbm-K-s-Spn krn-m-\p in t\Sp-
Ibpw Xs at\m-cYw km[n--Xn kp-N- n--\m-bn-
o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
B {_mhp Xs-bmWv D]m- ky- \mb Zn- Wm- aqn-
K
26. b Camw ]c-a-cl - -ky-in-h-X-Xz-hn-Zym-a-[otX
k kh-]m-t]t`ym aptm `hXn b Ghw thZ
k ssIh-fy-a-\ p-`-h-Xo-X yp-] -\ n-jXv
hfsc cl-ky-amb Cu inh-XXz hnZy A[y-b\w
sNp--h kh-]m-]--fn \npw hnap--\m-Ip-p.
CXv th-hn[w a\-n-emn AXv a\\w sNp--h
ssIheyw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Zn-Wm-aqyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 tZhyp-]-\n-jv 3

imn- ] mTw ]d-p-X-c-Ww. Ahn-Sv BcmWv?' tZhn ]d-p, "Rm

{_ kzcq-]n-Wn-bm-Ip-p. Imcy-Im-cW cq]hpw {]Ir-Xn-
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]p-cp-jm--I-hp-amb Cu hnizw Fn \np-amWv Dm-
]tiy- a m- - ` o- c y- P {Xmx nssc- c w- s s Kkv X p
bn-p--Xv. Rm B\-c - q-]n-Wnbpw B\-c - -ln-X-cq-]n-Wn-
jvSphmw-k -kvX-\ p-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx
bp-am-Ip-p. Rm hnm-\-ab - nbpw Ahn-m-\-a-bnbpw
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \ ]pjm-
BWv. Rm Adn-tb {_hpw {_-n\pw AXo-X-
hn-iz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
bp-amWv Fv AYhWo {ipXn ]d-bp-p.'
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] -X nZ-[mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx 2. Alw ]-`q-Xm-\ y-] --` q-Xm\n Al-a -Jnew
PKXv htZm-l-a-th-tZmlw hnZym-la hnZymlw APm-
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-sImv \Xp tIp-am-
l-a-\P
- mlw A[-tm[zw N XncyIv Nmlw Alw
dm-I-s. Ip-I sImv \Xp ImWm-\n-S-h-c-s. kpZr-
cpt{Z- ` nh- k p- ` n- - c m- a y- l - a m- Z n- s sXy- c pX hniz-
V- - fmb AwK--fmepw tZlw sImpw \nsf kvXpXn-
tZsshx Alw an{Xm-h -c p-Wm-hp`u _n`ay-l-an-
p-sIm-n-cn--s. As\ tZh-m \n-bn-n-p
{mo Al-a-izn-\m-hp`u Alw tkmaw XzjvSmcw
Bbp-p-ap-gp-h R A\p-`-hn-s - . alm-Ion-
]qjWw `Kw Z[m-aylw hnjvWpw Dcp-{Iaw {_m-
am-\mb C{ Rv \-sN--s. ]pjmhv Rv
W-apX {]Pm-]Xnw Z[man Alw Z[man {ZhnWw
\ sN-s. _rl-kv]Xn Rp \ sN-s. Hmw
lhn- j v a tX kp{]mthy bP- a m- \ mb kp\ztX
imnx imnx imnx
Alw cmjv{So kwK-a\o hkp-\m-alw kpth ]nX-
1. lcn Hmw kth ssh tZhm Zho-a p-] -Xpx c-aky ap[ aa tbm\nx A]-kz-m-k-apt{Z Ghw
Imkn Xzw alm-tZhn km A{_-ho-Zlw {_-kz- thZ k tZho-]Z- a - m-]vt\m-Xn.
cq-]nWo ax {]-Ir-Xn-]p-cp-jm-Iw PKXv iq\yw
Rm ]-`q-X-fpw A]--`q-X--fp-am-Wv. Cu
Nmiq\yw N Alw B\-m-\m-\mx hnm-\m-hn-
ImWp Zriy-{]-]w apgp-h\pw Rm\m-Wv. hnZybpw
mt\ Alw {_m {_Wo thZn- X thy
Ahn-Zybpw thZhpw Ath-Zhpw APbpw A\-Pbpw Rm
CXymtlm AYhmWo {ipXox
Xs. apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw Rm Xs. Ccphi--fnepw
Hcp L-n- tZh-m-sc-m-hcpw IqSn tZhnsb kao- Rm\m-Wv. Rm cp{Z-m-cp-sSbpw hkp--fp-sSbpw cq]-
]nv Cs\ tNmZnp: "tZhn, Ahn-S-s-p-dnv F\nv n k-cn-p-p. Rm BZnXymcp-sSbpw hniz-tZ-

N P

I h-m-cp-sSbpw cq]-n k-cn-p-p. Rm Xs-bmWv
an{Xm-hc
- p-W- m-scbpw C{m-Zn-I-sfbpw Aiz-\o-tZ-hX- -I-
sfbpw kwc- n-p- -Xv. tkma, ]qjm-hv, `K, XzjvSmhv
Fn-hsc Rm Xs-bmWv [cn-p-X - v. aqp-tem-I-
fpw B{I-an-p-hm Rm ]mZw Nen-n-p-p. Rm
hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw {_m-hn-s\bpw {]Pm-]X - n-sbbpw [cn-
p-p. tZh-mp thn lhnpw tkmam-`n-tj-Ihpw
sNp bP-am-\\p thn Rm D]m-k-Iv [\-Zm-bn-
\n-bm-Wv, m\-a -X nbpw b- -f psS \mbn-Ibpw
kq-hn-`-h-n-sbpw A[o-iz-cn-bp-am-Wv. hniz-]n-Xm-
hmb BIm-is ]c-am-m-hn\pw D]-cn-bmbn {]I-Sn-n-
p-Xv Rm Xs. Fs m\w B-cq-]-[m-cn-Wn-
bmb _pn-bn-em-Ip-p. kap-{Zhpw Pe-hp-samw Fs
kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. CX-dn-bp m\n tZhn-bpsS ]Zs
{]m]n-p-p.
3. tX tZhm A{_p-h \tam tZsshy alm tZsshy
inhmssb kXXw \ax {]Ir- s sXy- ` - { Zmssb
\nbXmx {]WXmx kva Xmw
tZh-m ]dp: "tZhnv \a-kvImcw alm-tZ-
hnpw inh\pw Fspw \a-kvI m-cw. {]Ir-X nbpw
`{Zbpw awK-f-cq-]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhnv \a-kvIm-cw.'
4. Xmw An-hmw X]km Pzeow |
sshtcm-N\nw I-^t- ejp PpjvSmw |
Zpmw tZhnw ic-W-alw {]]tZy |
kpXcmw \mi-btX Xax |
5. tZhnw hmN-a-P-\-b tZhmkvXmw hniz-c q]mx
]ithm hZn kmt\m at{jaqPw Zplm\m
t[\phm-K-kvam-\p] kpjvSp-ssXXp
6. Imfn-cm{Xnw {_-kX v pXmw sshjvWhow kvI-
am-X cw kc- k z-X o-a -Z nXn Z-Z p-l n- X cmw \amax
]mh\mw inhmw.
7. alm-e
- vao hnZvatl kh-kn-n [oaln
Xtm tZho {]tNm-Z-bmXv
8. AZn-Xnly-P\
- njvS Zbm ZplnXm XhXmw
tZhm A\z-Pm-b `{Zm Aar-X_-
- hx
An- sb-tmse tXtPm-a-bnbpw m\-m {]Im-
i-am-\bpw I-^e - -kn-n-mbn tkhy-am-\bpw Zo]vXn-a-
bn-bp-amb `K-hXn Zpm-tZ-hnsb R icWw {]m]n-
p- p.
ssZXy-\m-in-\n-bmb tZhn, Ahn-S-tv \a-kvIm-cw.
tZh-m-cm krjvSn-s - sshJ-co-hm-Wn-hn-`n coXn-
bn-ep {]mWn-I D-cn-p-p. Ima-t[-\p-hn-s\-tmse
kpJ-Zm-bn-\nbpw Aw _ew Fn-hsb \Ip--hfpw
hmWo-cq-]n-Wn- bp-amb tZhn R-fpsS t{ijvT-amb kvXpXn-
bm kp-jvS-bmbn R-fpsS apn {]Xy--s-S-s.
N P
497
thZfm kvXpXn- -s--hfpw Ime-\m-in-\nbpw K
hnjvWp inbpw kc-kz-Xnbpw kvI-am-Xmhpw AZn-
Xnbpw Z-I\ - y-I-bmb kXnbpw Ieym-W-a-bnbpw ]m]-
\m-in-\nbpw Bb `K-hX - nsb R \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
kh-in k-b - mb `K-hXn alm-e-vansb
]cn-Nb
- -ap R tZhnsb kZm [ym\n-p-p. B
tZhn Rv {]tNm-Z\w \I-s.
tl Z-{]-Pm-]tX A-bpsS ]p{Xnsb AZnXn
{]k-hn--Xn\p tij-amWv Aar-X-Xz-Kp-W-hn-ti-j-tm-Sp-
Iq-Snb tZh-m krjvSn-s
- --Xv.
9. Imtam tbm\nx Ima-Iem h{P-]mWn Kplm-lkm
amX-c n-izm-{`-an{x ]p\Kplm kI-e m-am-bbm N
]p\x tImim hniz-amXm Znhn tZymw
Imaw, tbm\n, Ie, h{-Kpl, hw, hmbp,
A{`w, h{P-]mWn, kIe cq]-h-amb Ch-sbmw B
PK--\-\n-bp-sS {_cq]n-Wn-bmb aqe-hn-Zy-bm-Wv.
10. Gjm Bm-inx Gjm hniz-tam-ln\n ]mim-
p-i-[\p_mW-[cm Gjm {ioalm hnZymb Ghw
thZ k timIw XcXn \akvtX AkvXp `K-hXo
`hXn amX-ck
- vam ]mXp khXx
tZhn, hniz-tam-ln-\nbpw ]mim-pc [\p _mW-[m-
cn-Wnbpw Bb ]c-{_--i-n-bm-Ip-p. tZhn Xs-bmWv
{io alm-hnZy Cs\ Adn-bp--h timI-k-m-]-n
\npw ap-\m-Ip-p. PK-m-Xm-th, Ahn-St- v \a-
kvIm-cw. tZhn, Fm hn[-nepw Rsf cn-m-epw.
11. sskjm AjvSu hkhx sskjm GIm-Zi - c
- p-
{Zm, sskjm ZzmZ-im-ZnXymx sskjm hniz-tZhmx
tkma]m Atkm-a -] m sskjm bmXp [m\m
Akpcm cmwkn ]nimN b-Ik - nm sskjm
kXz-c-Px-kvX -amwkn sskjm {]Pm-]-Xo-{-a-\hx
sskjm {Klm \{X tPymXnwjo Iem- I m-
jvTmZn Ime-cq-]nWo Xmalw {]Wuan \nXyw
tZhn Xs-bmWv GIm-Zi cp{Z-mcpw ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-
mcpw AjvS-h-kp-fpw tkma-]m-bn-Ifpw hniz-tZ-h-mcpw
bmXp-[m-\-mcpw ssZXy-cm- -k-mcpw ]nim-Np-fpw b-
mcpw kn-m-cpw, tZhn Xs-bm-Wv. hnjvWp kzcq-]n-
Wnbpw cp{Z-cq-]n- Wnbpw kXz-c-PkvXa Iem- Im-jvTmZn kln-
X-bmb Ime-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw t`mK-Zm-bn-\nbpw tam-Zm-bn-
\nbpw ]m]-\m-in-\nbpw hnP-b-ns A[n-jvTm-{Xnbpw
A-n--Xo-Xbpw awK-f-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw tZmj-c-ln-Xbpw
R tZhnsb \nXyhpw \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
- m-cnWow tZhnw |
12. Xm]m-]l
`pn apn {]Zm-bn\ow |
A\mw hnPbmw ipmw |
icWymw inhZmw inhmw ||

I 13. hnb-Zo-Im-ck- w-bpw |
hoXntlm{X-k-a-\znXw |
At-q-e-knXw tZhym |
_oPw khm km[Im ||
14. Gh-ta-Im-cw a{w |
bXb ip-tN-Xkx |
[ymbn ]c-am-\ |
abm m\mw-_p-cm-ibmx ||
15. hmMvabx {_-`q-kvXk - vamXv |
jjvTw h{ ka-\znXw |
kqtcym-hma t{im{X _npx |
kwbr-Xm-jvS-Xr-Xo-bIx ||
16. \mcm-b-tW\ kwbpm |
hmbp-m-[c - -k-c-bpXx |
hnt\hm-tIm-kym
al-Zm-\- -Zm-bIx ||
17. lrXv ]p-co-Ia- -[ymw |
{]mXx kqcy ka-{]Zmw |
]mim-p-i-[cmw kuaymw |
hc-Zm-`b lkvXImw |
{Xnt\{Xmw c-h-k\mw `-Im-a-ZpLmw `tP
Xm]- ]-lm-cn-Wnbpw `napn-{]- Zm-b-\nbpw ipbpw
ic- Wybpw ]mim-p-i-[- cbpw kuaybpw hc-Zm-b-l-kvXbpw
{Xnt\-{Xbpw c-h -k -\ bpw `- m-cpsS B{Klw
km[np sImSp-p--h-fp-amb tZhnsb Rm `Pn-p-p.
18. \aman Xzmalw tZhow |
- -hn-\m-in\ow |
alm-`b
alm-Zp-{]-i-an\ow |
alm-Im-cp-Wy-cq-]nWow ||
19. bkym kzcq]w {_m- Z tbm \ Pm\n
XkvamXv DNytX Atbm
20. bkymw Atm \ hnZytX Xkva m-Z p-N ytX
\mx bkymx {KlWw t\m]-e -`ytX Xkva m
ZpNy-tX-fe
- ym bkym P\\w t\m] eytX
Xkvam-Zp-NytX APm GssIh kh{X htX
Xkva m ZpNy- tX-f -e ym bkym P\\w t\m]
eytX Xkvam-Zp-NytX APm GssIh kh{X
htX Xkvam ZpNytX GIm GssIh hniz-cq-
]nWn Xkvam-Zp-NytX GIm GssIh hniz-cq-]nWo
Xkvam- Z p- N ytX s s\Im AX Gth m- N yp- t X-
tbm A\x Aeym APm GIm ss\Imx
N P
498
K
alm-`-b-hn-\m-in-\nbpw alm-Zpm]i-an-\nbpw alm
ImcpWy cq]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhnsb Rm \a-kvI-cn-p-p.
A-lo-\ -bm-I -bm A\--s bpw {_m-Zn-Ip
t]mepw kzcq]w [cn-m Ign-bm--h-fm-I- bm At-
b- sbpw ImWm Ign- bm- -h-fm-I-bm Ae-y- sbpw
P\-\-an-m--Xn-\m AP-sbpw Gam-{X-bm-I-bm GI-
sbpw As\ At-b-bm-bn, A\--bmbn Ae-y-
bmbn AP-bmbn ss\I-bmbn hncm-Pn-p tZhnv \a-
kvImcw
21. a{mWmw amXrIm tZho |
i_vZm\mw m\-cq-]nWo |
m\m\mw Nn-bm-Xo-X
iq\y\mw iq\y-km-nWo ||
22. bkymx ]c-Xcw \mkvXn |
sskjm Zpm {]IonXm |
Xmw Zpmw Zpamw tZhow Zpcm-Nm-c-hn-Lm-Xn\ow
23. \aman `h-`o-tXmlw |
kwkm-cm-h-Xm-cnWow ||
a{--fpsS aqe-m-\o-bbpw m\-cq-]n-Wnbpw
Bb tZhn Zp F \ma-n {]kn-b - m-W.v kwkm-
c-km-Kcw Asc IS-p-h - fpw Zpcm-Nm-c- \in-n-
p--h-fp-amb Zpsb Rm kvacn-p-p.
24. CZ-a-Yh-iojw tbm [otX k]-m-Y h-
j-i oj-P -] -^ -e -a -h m-]vt\mXn CZ-a -Y h-iojw
mXzm tbm mw m]-bXn iX-ew {]P-
]vXzm]n tkm mknnw N hnXn iX-a-j vtSm-
cw Nmkymx ]pc-c - ym-hn[nx kvarXx Zi-hmcw
]tT- Z ykv X p kZyx ]mss]x {]ap NytX alm-
ZpmWn XcXn alm tZhymx {]km-ZXx
Cu AYh-iojw sNmp-X - n\v Av AYh-
iojw sNmp ^ew knn- pw. ew XhW A\
sNbvXm A\m knn ssIhcpw \qn Fp-{]m-hiyw
P]n-m AXn\v ]pc--cym-hn-[n-sbp t] ]p Znh-
ks P]-m kIe ]m]-apn ^ew. alm-tZhn
{]km-Z
- m ap Zp-fpw XcWw sNp-p.
{]mX-c-[o-bmt\m cm{Xn-IrXw ]m]w \mi-b-Xn-
km-b-a-[o-bmt\m Znh-k-IrXw ]m]w \mi-b-Xn XXv
kmbw {]mXx {]bp-RvPmt\m ]mt]m]m t]m `h-
Xn. \niotY Xpcob kymbmw P]vXzm tZhXm
kmnyw `h-Xn. {]mW-{]-X n-j vT mbmw P]vX zm
{]mWm\mw {]XnjvTm `hXn `uam-izn\ymw alm-
tZhn kn[u P]vXzm alm-arXypw XcXn Ghw
thtZ-Xyp-]-\n-jXv
{]`mX-n Cu a{w P]n-m cm{Xn sNbvX
 499

I ]m]w \in-pw. sshInv P]n-m ]I sNbvX ]m]w
\in-pw. {]`m- X-nepw kypw P]n-m ]m]- samw
AkvX-an-pw. cm{Xnbpw Xpcob ky-bnepw P]n-m
]m]-samw AkvX-an-pw. cm{Xnbpw Xpcob ky-bnepw
P]n-m {]mW-{]-XnjvT e`n-pw. alm-tZhn kn-[n- K
bn `uam-izn\o Znhkw P]n-m alm-ar-Xy-hn \npw
tamN\w Inpw Fv D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
tZhyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 Zztbm-]-\n-jv 3

Hmw AYmXx{ioaZv Zztbmev]nx 5. Kpcptch ]cw {_

hmtIym ZznXobx jSv ]Zm\yjvSmZi Kpcp tch ]cm KXn;
]hnwiXycmWn ]Zim Kpcp tch ]cw {_
c]qhw Zimcw ]cw.]qthm Kpcp tch ]cw hnZym
\mcmbWx t{]mm\mZn kntm Kpcp tch ]cw [\w
a{cXv\ xkZmNmcyaqew 6. Kpcptch ]cw I
1. BNmtcym thZ ktm Kpcptch ]cmbWw
hnjvW p `tm hnacx bkva mZp]tZjv Smku
a{tm a{ ` Xkva mXv KpcpXctcm Kpcpx
kZm a{m{ibx ipNn; 7. bx kpIrZpmcWx kwkmchntamNt\m
`hXn.kh ]pcpjmw knn `hXn \ N
2. Kpcp`nkambpx
]p\cmhtX CXn b Ghw thtZXyp]\njXv.
]pcmWtm hntijhnXv
1.2. C\n {ioaZv Zzbns Dev] n ]dbpp.
Ghw eW ktm
cmatXv hmIyamWv. jSv]Zw ]Xns\mWv. AXn
KpcpcnXy`n[obtX. Ccp]nbv Acapv. BZyw ]Xn\v ]ns
3. BNnXm\n ln imkv{Xmm ]v . kZmNmcns BZnImcWhpw a{ cXv\
kzcq]hpw A\mZnbpamb `Khm \mcmbW CXv
\mNmc m]\m Zhn BZyw Xs \ncq]Ww sNbvXnpffXmWv. bmsXmcm
kzbamNctX bkvXp imkv {XPvR \pw BNmc k\pw sshjvW h\pw
CujymclnX\pw a{ Pv R mXmhpw a{fn
XkvamZmNmcy DNytX
{ibpffh\pw a{fpsS Bibw \Iphm\pw
4. Kpi_vZ kvXzImcxkzmXv hnip\pambncnWw. Kpcp`\pw ]pcmW
kvXzImcx kzmXv Adnbph\pw hntij\pambncnWw. CuKpW
sfmw XnIh\mWv Kpcphmbn AdnbsSpXv.
i_vZ kvXntcm[Ix
AImc hntcm[Ix 3. Kpcpi_vZn Dff "cp' F Acns Aw
AImcsav "cp' F Acns Aw
AImc hntcm[nXzmXv AXns\ XSbphs\pw AmXamIp AImcw
KpcpcnXy`n[obtX. XSbpXp \nanamWv Kpcp F t] InnbXv.

N P

I 4, 5, 6, 7, Kpcp Xs ]c{_w Kpcp Xs ]caamb
KXn; Kpcp Xs DahnZy. bYmn KpcphmWv
kthma[\w.
5. Kpcp Xs kthmahpw CnXhpamb hkv Xp.
KpcphmWv ]caamb B{ibw. ImcWw ]ctam]tZi
\Iph\mWh. B \nebn Kpcp At As
Am\\miIamWv. bmsXmcm Hcp {]mhiyw CXpcn
pp Ah khYm kwkmca\mIpp. Ah\v
1 \mZ-_n-q-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]Xn-jvTtXm at\m ta hmNn
{] X n- j vT n- X - a m- h n- c m- h n a G [ n th Z k y a
BWox iA-c pXw a{]- l m-k n-c -t\\y A[o-
tX\ Atlm-cm-{XmXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an.
kXyw hZn- j ym- a n. Xm- a - h -X p-X - Z z- m- c - a -h - X p.
AhXp amw AhXp hm-ca - m-hXp hm-cw. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx.
Fs hmWn a\-n nc-am-I-s. a\v hmWn-
bn nc-am-I-s. tl, kzbw {]Im-ia - mb Bm-th,
Fs apn Av {]Xy-o-`-hn-p-I. tl hmWo, tl
a\-t, \n cp-t]cpw Fs thZm-`ymkw \in-n-
m-\n-S-bm-I-cp-Xv. Cu thZm-`ym-k-n Xs cm{Xn-bnepw
]Iepw Rm B-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Rm kZm kXyw
]dbpw; Fs cn-mepw Fs cn-mepw hm-
hns\ cn-mepw hm-hns\ cn-mepw. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx.
1. AImtcm ZnWx ] DImc kvXqcx
kvarX.
aImc ]p-an-Xym-lp-c-am{Xm Xp akvXI
- w.
2. ]mZ-ZnIw KpWm-kvXky icocw XXz apNytX
[tmky ZnWw Npc [tm tYm
]cx kvarXx
3. `ptemIx ]mZ-tbm-kvXky `phtemI kvXp
Pm\p\n
kztem-IkvXp ISo-tZti \m`n-tZti
al PKXv
N P
500
Fm [w, Aw, Imaw, tamw Cu ]pcpjm
K
e`npp. Ah\v hopw Cu kwkmcn
hv sRcptXmbn hcpIbnCXv \nnX
knmamWv. XnIpw kXyamWv. GsXmcm CXv
\nnX knmamWv. XnIpw kXyamWv.GsXmcm
CXv icnv a\nemp, CXn {i ImWnpp,
Abmp am{Xta CXns em`w knamIq.
Zztbm]\njv ]cyhkm\np.
3
4. P\-tem-IkvXp lrtti ItW-Tt- emI
kvX]-kvXXx
{`pthme-em-S-aty Xp kXy-temtIm
hyh-nXx
5. kl-{km-a-Xo-hm{X a{ Gh {]ZinXx
Gh-taXmw kam-cqtVm lwk tbmK hnN-Wx
15 {]W- h s lwk-a mbn KWn- p ]w
AImcw AXns hes Nnd-Im-Wv. DImcw AXns
CSs NndIv. aImcw AXns hmem-Ip-p. A-am{X
inc-p- am-Wv. Atm kXz-KpWw ico-chpw ctPm- Kp-Whpw
Xtam KpWhpw cp Imep-Ifpw BIp-p. \m`n-tZ-iv
al temIw; ISn-tZ-i-n kztemIw; app-If - nepw
Imep-I-fnepw `phtem-Ihpw `qtem-I-hpw. C{]-Imcw P\-
temIw Xt]m-tem-Iw, kXy-temIw Ch AXns lrZbw
IWvTw eemSw ]pcn-I--fpsS a[y-`mKw Ch-bm-bn-o-cp-
p. Cu {]W-h-am-Ip lwk-n tIdn AXns a\\
Nnm-\p-jT v m-\m-Zn-I \nh-lnv Bbn-c--W-n\v ]m]-
-fn \nv hnap-\ - mbn tam-]-Zs {]m]n-p-p.
6. \ `nZytX Ia-a-Nmsscx ]m]-tImSn issX-chn
Bt-b-{]-Ya
- m-am{Xm hmb-thyjm XYm-]cm
7. `m\p aWvUe kmim `th-m{Xm XtYm-cm
]caw Nm-am{Xm bm hmcpWow Xmw hnZp_p[mx
8. Ime- {X-t b]n btkyam am{Xm \qXw {]Xn-
jv TnXmx
Gj Hmmc BJymtXm [mc-Wm-`n\n t_m[Xx
 501

I 9. tLmjWn {]Yam am{Xm hnZyp-mem XYm ]cm hnZym-[-c-\mIpw; \mem-as

- -Xn-em-sW-n Khs K
]X w- K n\ o X rXobm ky mXvN- X p o hmbp P-amWv e`n- pI; Am- as am{X-bn Djn-X-m-sc
thKn\o tZh-K-W--fp-samv hkn-m tbmK-ap-mIpw; N{-a-
WvU-e-n Ign-bmw. Bdm-as am{X-bn {]mW
10. ]-ao-\m-a-t[bm Xp jjvTo ssN{y`n [obtX
ths-Sp ]w C{-tZ-hs kmbqPyw e`n-pw. Ggm-
k]vXao sshjvWho \ma AjvSao im-coXn as am{X-bn hnjvWp `K-hms ]Zw {]m]n-m-\n-S-h-
11. \han al-Xo-\ma [rXnkvXp Ziao aXm cpw. Fm-as am{X-bn {]mW-hn-tbm-Ka hcp ]w
GIm-Zio `th-mco {_moXp ZzmZ io]cm ]c-ai- n-hs kmao]yw e`n-p-p. H]Xmw am{X-bn-em-
12. {]Y-ambmw Xp am{Xmbmw bZn-{]m-ssW hnbq- sW-n altem-I-{]m-]X v n- bm-Wv. ]m-a-s-Xn {[ph-
PytX temIw; ]Xn-s\m-n Xt]m-tem-Iw. ]{mw am{X-bn
{]mW shSn-m km[-I {_-tem- I-n m\w
`ctX hj-cm-Pmku kmh-`uax {]Pm-btX
t\Sp-p.
13. ZznXo-bmbmw kapXv {Imtm `th-Zytm alm-
-h m 17. XXx ]c-Xcw ipw hym]Iw \new inhw
hnZym-[c- -kvar-Xo-bmbmw KhkvXp NXpnIm ktZm-ZnXw ]cw {_-tPym-Xn-jm-ap-Ztbm bXx
14. ]-aym-aY am{Xmbmw bZn {]mssW hnbp- 18. AXo-{nbw KpWm- X oXw at\m eo\w bZm
PytX `thXv
DjnXx kl-tZ-hXzw tkma-temtI alo-btX A\q-]aw inhw imw tbmK-bpw XZm-hn-tiXv
1 5. j j vT y an{ k y k mbqP y w k ] vX ay mw 19. XZyp--kvX
- -tbm-Ppx iss\ap-tXv Itf-
sshjvWhw ]Zw _cw
AjvSaymw {hPtX cp{Zw ]iq\mw N ]Xow XYm kwntXm tbmK NtcW kh-kw-Khn hPnXx
16. \haymw Xp altemIw Ziaymw Xp P\w 20. XtXm hneo-\]- mtim ku hnaex Iaem {]`px
{htPXv tXss\h {_-`m-th\ ]c-am-\ aiv\p tX
GIm-Ziymw Xt]m-temIw ZzmZiymw {_ imiz- 17-20. ]c-{_-s Adn-bp--Xn\v CXn-s\-m
Xw. DbXpw t{ijvThpw iphpw Ieym-W-a-b-hp-amb XXzw
616. Hmm-c-ns tZhX An-bm-Ip-p. AXns Dv. AXp-aqew Fm--c - n-ep-ap An, kqcy,
cq]w An-a-WvUe kam-\a - m-Wv. AXnse Hm-as N{, BZn tPymXn-p-Ifpw ]pd-s-Sp-p. C{n-b--fn
am{X Bt-bn-bm-Ip-p. DIm-c - ns tZhX hmbp-hm- \npw kXz cP-kvXt- am-Kp-W - -fn \npw D]-cn-bm-bn-
Wv. hmbp aWvU-es - a t]mse-bmWv AXns cq]w. o- cp-tm km[- I s nXn tbmK-bp--ambn Fp
AXns cm-as am{X hmb-hy-am-Ip-p. aIm-c-ns ]d-b m km[n- pw. Abm ]c- X -Xz-n eo\-\m-bn-o-
tZhX kqcy-\m-Wv. kqcy-a-WvU-e-Xp-ey-amWv AXns cq]w. cp-p. D]-am-c-ln-X- \p-ambn `hn-p-p. C-s\-bp tbmK-
aqm-a-sXv D-c-am-{X-bm-Ip-p. \mem-as - Xv hmcp- am-ns t]mj- I, `K-hm-\n {ibpw Bk- nbpw
Wn-b psS tZhX hcp-W -\m-W v. Fm-{]-I m-c-n-ep D ]w `uXn- I-amb kIe BIjW- -sfbpw AXn-
am{XIpw apqv kp- c-ap-J--fp- v. AXn-\m {]W- {I-anv ]Xp-s-X - ps ico-c-n-ep (A-lw) F
hs ZzmZ-i-Ie - m--I-sav ]d-bp-p. AXv a\-n-em- Nn ssI hntS- -X p-v. AXp km[nm Abm
m-\p km[\ [mc-Whpw [ym\hpw kam-[n-bm-Ip-p. kmwkm- c nI _- \
- -fn \nv ap-\mbn ssIh-ey-
{]W-h-ns ]{p {]Im-c-n-ep Ie-I-fn am{X- ]Zw {]m]n-p-p. Abm ]c-am kzcq]w Xs-bmbn
I-fpsS t]cv Xmsg sImSp-p hn[-n-em-Ip-p. Hm-a- `hn-pp; ]c-aa - mb B\--tbpw {]m]n-p-p.
tXv tLmjnWn; cm-a- tXv hnZyp- me; aqm- a-tXv 21. Bm\w kXXw mXzm Imew \b
]Xw-Kn\n; \mem-a-tXv hmbp-th-Kn\n; Am-a-tXv alm-atX
\ma-t[b; Bdm-a-tXv sF{n; Ggm-a-tXv sshjvWhn; {]mc-_v[a - -Jnew `pRvPt\m-tZzKw
Fm-at- Xv iwIcn; H]-Xm-at- Xv alXn; ]m-a- Ip-alkn
tXv [rXn; ]Xn-s\mv au\n; ]{-m-a-tXv {_mn.
22. Dev]t Xz hnmt\ {]mc_v[w
BZys am{X-bn km[-Is icocw hnap-a - m-bm
ss\h apXn
`mcX N{I-hn-bpsS cq]-n icocw {]m]n-m-\n-S-
h-cpw. cm-as am{X-bn icocw XyPn-m bi-kzn- Xy-m-t\m-Z-bm-Zq[zw {]mc_v[w
bmb b-\m-bn-o-cpw. aqm-as am{X-bn-emsWn ss\h-hn-ZytX

N P
 502

I 23. tZlm-Zo-\m-a-kX- zmp bYm kz]vt\ K

Ak-Xy- sapw tXm-s-Sp- -Xp- t]mse XXz- m-\-ap-m-
hnt_m-[X Ip-tm m\n-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn {]mcm_v[ I--
I Pm--cobw bXv {]mc-_v[-anXn IonXw fpsS bw kw`-hn-p-p. Ign P-n sNbvX
I-sf {]mcm_v[ I--sfp ]d-bp-p. m\n-
24. Xp Pm--cm-`m-hm-Xv]pwtkm ss\hmkvXn
bpsS ZrjvSn-bn Pm--c-an-. Abmv {]mcm-_v[-sa-
Iln-NnXv
Xpw C. kz]v\w ImWp L-n I-Xmbn
kz]v\t- Ztlm bYm-[y-kvXk - vX-ssX-hmbw tXmp ico-cm-Zn-I bYm-n C. AtX-]Sn
ln tZlIx Pm{K-Xm-h--bnepw icocw B`m-km-]m-{X-am-Ip-p. shdpw
25. A[ykvX ky IptXm P Pm `mhx tXm am{X-amb Hn\v Dev]-n-sb-hnsS? Dev] - n-
IpXx nXx bn-m--h\v nXn Fs\ kw`-hnpw? av, Iew,
D]m-Zm\w {]]-ky arXv`mWvUsskyh ]iyXn IpSw apX-em-b-hb - psS \nm-W - n\v tJXp `qX-ambn
26. Am\w tNXn thZm-ss-kvXa - -kvan Xocp--Xp-t]mse Bmhp Xs-bmWv kIe kmwkm-
\jvtSIz hnizXm cnI ]Zm-pw Imc-W-ambn hn-p--X.v thZm-
-ns ZrjvSn-bn Cu kmwkm-cnI {]]--ns
bYm cqx ]cn-XyPy kw KrlvWmXn
B`m- k - n\p ImcWw Am\w am{X- a m- I p- p.
ssh {`amXv
Am\w \in-m kwkm-c-n\v kmwkm-cn-I-X-bn-.
27. XZzXv kXya hnmb PKXv ]iyXn GXp hn[-n {_ _pn-\n-anw a\p-jy Ib-
aqV [ox dns\ k-am-sWv [cn-p-pthm AtX {]Im-c-n
cq JWvtU ]cn-mtX k cq]w a\p-jy B-m-\-ns A`m-h-n Cu kmwkm-
\ XnjvTXn cnI {]]-s kXy-sav Icp-Xp-p. a\p-jy CXv
28. A[n-jvTmt\ bYm mtX {]]t icnpw Adn-bptm BZyw tXmnb k-ns
iq\yXmw KtX {]XoXn Cm-Xm-bn-o-cp-p. AXp-t]mse Bm-hns
bYm m\w Dm-bn-o-cp-tm Cu kmwkm-cnI
tZl-kym]n {]]-X - zXv {]mc_v[m
{]]--n-sbpw bw kw`-hn-p-p. ico-chpw Hcp
hnXnx IpXx
{]Im-c-n-ep {]]--am-Wv. AXn-\m AXn-sbpw
29. Am-\P - \
- t- _m-[mw {]mc-_vA - -[-anXn A`m-h - ns A\p-`-ha - p-m-Ip-p. Cu Ah--bn-se-
tNmNytX p-tm km[-Is {]mcm_v[ w Ah-km-\n-p-p.
XXx-Im-eh- i
- m-tZh {]mc_vt[ Xp bw KtX Am-\n-I-tfmSv ]d-bm-\mWv {]mcm-_v[-ns Hmtcm
30. {_ {]W-h-k-m\w \mtZm tPymXn Imcy- hni-Zo-I-cn-p--Xv. taL- AI-ep-tm
abx inhx kqcy sXfnp ImWp--Xp-t]mse {]mcm-_v[ -
kzb amhn `th-Zmm taLm-]mtbw ipam-\nh AI-ep-tm Bm-hn-sbpw {_--ns GIX shfn-
hm-Ip-tm awKf kzcq-]a - mbn tPymXn kzcq-]a
- mb ]c-
31. knm-kt\ ntXm tbmKo ap{Zmw km
am-m-hns \mZw kmm-XvI-cn--s-Sp-p. tbmK-kn-m-
sshjvW how
k-\- n-en-cn-W
- w, sshjvWh ap{Z ssIsm--Ww,
irWp-bmXv ZntW It \mZ aKXw kZm CSs sNhn-sImv A\m-l X \mZw tI-Ww.
32. A`y-ky-amt\m \mtZmbw {_-am-hr-WptX Cs\ tI-s-Spp i_vZw ]pd-sa-bp i_vZ-sf
[z\p ad-bvp-p. Cs\ AImcw aImcw Cu cp ]--
] Zzn ] aJnem PnXzm Xpcy-]Zw {]tP-Xv. fnepw hnPbw t\Sn kmh-[m-\-n {]W-hs ]q-
ambpw Pbn-p-I. Cs\ sNbvXm km[-I\v kqcy-
21-32. tl _pn-am-\mb ]pcpj, \nv Bm-
]Zw e`n-m Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv B-km-m-Xvmcw
hns kzcq]w Adn-bp--Xn\v Ftmgpw ]cn-{iaw \S-
e`n-pw.
t-- Xp-v. \n-fpsS hne- tb- dnb kabw AXns Nn-
\-n Nne-h-gn-p-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. {]mc_v[ I- 33. {ipbtX {]Y-am-`ymtk \mtZm
-f-\p-k-cnv {]bm-k-fpw sRcp--fpw t`mK--fpsS \m\m-hnt[m alm
cq]-n ASp-s-p-p. AXn Jn-\m-bn-o-tc-- h-amt\m bYm-`ymtk {iqbtX
Xn-. Fs-m B m\w Dmbn Ign-m kqva kqvaXx
Cu {]mcm-_v[--fn \nv tamN\w e`n-p-sIm-pw. 34. BZu Pe[n Poaq-X-t`co \nQc kw`hx
kz]v\ - n ImW-s-Sp#v-\\ ]Zm- kz]v\-L--
at[y a-fi
- _
- vZmt`m Lm-Im-lf - -PkvXYm
n bYm- -sfpw Pm{K-Xh - --bn-em-Iptm

N P

I 35. At Xp InWo-hw-ih- o-Wm-{`-ac \nkz\x
CXn-\m-\m-hn[mx \mZmx {iqbt
kqva kqvaXx
36. alXn {ipb-amtW Xp alm-t`-cym-Zn-I[ - z\u
X{X kqvaw kqva-Xcw \ma-tah ]cm-ar-tiXv
37. L\-ap-rPy hm kqvta kqva
aprPy hm Lt\
ca-am-W-a]n n]vXw at\m \m\y{X emf-tbXv
38. b{X Ip{Xm]n hm \mtZ eKXn {]Yaw a\x
X{X b{X nco-`qXzm tX\-kmw hneo-btX
39. hnkvarXy kIew _mlyw \mtZ ZpKv[mw
_ph-\x
GIo-`q-XzmY klkm NnZm-Imti hneo-btX
40. DZm-ko-\k- vXtXm `qXzm kZm-`ym-tk\ kwbao
D-\o-Im-cIw ktZym \mZ-ta-hm-h[ - m-c-tbXv
41. kh-Nn-m. kap-rPy kh tNjvSm
hnhnXx
\mZ-ta-hm-\p-kw-Z[
- ymXv \mtZ-Nnw hneo-btX
33-41. BZyw A`y-knp XpS-p-tm Cu \mZw
]e-X-c-n tIp-sh-p-h-cpw. hfsc D-nepw tI-
s-Spw. Fm A`ymkw XpS-cp-tm Cu i_vZw kmh-
[m-\- n-em-Ipw. BZy-L- - n tI-s-Sp i_vZw
s]cp--d, sh-m-w, taL-[z-\n, kap-{Z-nse Xnc-am-
e-bpsS i_vZw Cu amXn-cn-sbm-s-bm-bn-cn-pw. ]ns
Ipsd Ign-bptm i_vZw hv, HmS-p-g, hoW,
InnWn Ch-bpsS i_vZt- m-sSmw a[p-c-ambn A\p-`-
h-s-Sp-p. Cu i_vZw hfsc kuay-kz-c-n-em-bn-cn-pw.
]e-Xc - -nepw tIp-shv hcpw. s]cp--d-bpsS i_vZw
t]mse-bmWv tIp--sX-n arZp-a-[p-c-ambn tI-
s-S-W-sav Nnn-W - w. a\v AXn ]X-dm ]mSn-
. a\-ns kz`mhw tIp ioe-ap \mZw tIp--
Xn-enjvSw hln-p-I-sb-X - m-Wv. a\v kmwkm-cn-Ia- mb
hkvXp-f - n \nsmw hnp-am-dn--gn-bp-tm a\v
NnZm-Im-i - n hneo-\-ambn `hn-p-p. kwb-an-bmb
hyn sNt-Xv X\np tIm Ign-bp i_vZ-
n hneo-\-\m-bn-o-cp-I-sb--Xm-W.v \mZ-n Nnw
hneo-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. kIe Nn-Ifpw amn \ndpn
kIe tNjvS-Ifpw AIn Cu \mZs tXtSXp-v.
42. aI-cw ]n_`rwtKm Km \m
t]tX XYm
\mZm-kx kZm-Nnw hnjbw \ln ImwXn
43. _w kp\m-ZK- t- \ kZyx kwXy Nm]ex
\mZ {KlW Xn--a-c - mKw `pPw-Kax
44. hnkvarXy hnti-ht- a-Im{Kyw Ip{X Nn
ln [mhXn
N P
503
at\m-K -tP-{ -ky-hn-j -tbm-Zym-\ -Nm-c nWx K
45. \nbm-a\ katmbw \n\mtZm \nin-Xm-pim
\mt`m-cw Kkm-cwK _t\ hmKp-cm-btX
42-45. hv F{]-Imcw ]pjv]--fpsS ckw {Kln-p-
sImv Ah-bpsS K-ns Imcy-n Xmev]cyw
hln-p-n-. AXp-t]mse \mZ-n Xmev]cyw Imp
a\kv hnj-b-hm-k-\-I-fpsS ZpK-- n Xmev]cyw Imp-
I-bn-. GXp-hn[w kw \mZw tIv aZ-a--am-Ip-p.
AXp-t]mse Nnw B \mZ-n Bk--ambn Fm
N]-e-X-Ifpw ad-p-p. kwkm-c-nse N]-e-X-I ad-
m Ign-bp-tm a\v A[ym Imcy-n GIm-
{KX e`n-p-p. a\v AXn-se-bn-Xnse hnjb kpJ-
n\p t\sc ]mbp-I-bp-an-. hnj-b-kp-J-fpsS Imn
Id- p a\-m-Ipp B\ \mZm- `ym- k-am- Ip aq- bp
Iq tXmn- bm hi-m--s- Sp- p. a\- ns\ amt\mSpw
Xnc-tbmSpw D]-an-p ]w \mZw B am\ns\ ]nSn-m-
\p-X-Ip IpSp-mWv; Xnc-ame XS-bp Xoc-am-Wv.
46. A-cwK kap-{Zky tcmt[ them-btX ]n N
{_-{]-W-h-kw-e--\mtZm tPymXn abm-Ix
47. a\-kvX{- X-ebw bmXn XZznjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw
Xmh-Zm-Imi kevt]m bmh-_vZx {]htX
48. \nxi_vZw XXv]cw {_ ]c-amm kao-cytX
\mtZm bmh-\ - k- vXm-h-\m-Zm]n Xp at\m-\o
49. k i`vZ - m-tc otW \nx i_vZw
]caw ]Zw
kZm \mZm-\p-k - m-\mXv koWm hmk\m
Xp bm
50. \nc-RvPt\ hneo-tbtX at\mhm bq \ kwibx
\mZ tImSn kl-{kmWn _np-tImSn iXm\n N
\mZs {]W-h - n ebn-n-p-X
- n-s\-p-Sv
AXv tPymXna-b-am-bn-o-cp-p. B Ah-k-c - n a\-
n\v ebw Dm-Ip-p. AXn-s\-bmWv hnjvWp-hns ]c-
a-]- Z-sav ]d-bp--X.v i_vZhpw kw`m-j- Whpw tIm
Ign- bp-tm-gmWv a\-n\v BIm-i- ns kev]w ]q-
am- Ip-- X.v i_vZ-an-s- n Xsbpw ]c-am-m-hns A\p-
`q-X n-bp-m-Ip-p. \mZw Dn-St- m-f-amWv a\-ns
AkvXn-Xzw. \mZw kmh-[m-\-n im-am-Ip-tm-gmWv
a\- ns Xo- \ - a mb nXn k wPm- X - a m- I p- - X v .
i_vZs kvacn-p \mZw Ac {_-n eo\-
am-bn-o-cp-p. \mZ-n i_vZ-an-s-nepw CXv ]c-a-]-Z-
sav a\-m-en-p-I. \mZw tXSptm hnj-b-hm-k-\-
I In--cn-bp ]w, a\pw {]mW\pw ]c-{_--
n ebnp Fp Icp-Xmw. Bbn-c--W - n\v \mZhpw
Bbn-c--W-n\v _np-fpw B {_-{]-W-h-\m-Z - n
hneo-\-am- bn-o-cp-p.
 504

I 51. kth-X{X ebw bmn {_-{]-Wh \mZtI CXyp-]-\n-j Xv K

k h m- h m h n\ n ap x k h - N n m 51-56. Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Cu aqv Ah-
hnhnXx -If - nepw ]c-aa
- mb Ah-m-hn-tijw {]m]n--h\pw
52. arX-h- n-jvTtX tbmKo k aptm kIe hn[-n-ep kmwkm-cnI Nn-Ifpw ssIhnv ih-
\m{X kwibx n-s\m ]cn-Wm-a - n-se-n-b-h-\p-amb Fm {]Im-c-
iwJ Zpp`n \mZw N \ irtWmXn IZm-N\ nepw apm-h--bn-se-n-sbv ]d-bmw. Ah iwJ-
n-stbm s]cp--d-bp-sStbm i_vZw Hcn-epw tIp-
53. ImjvT-h-Pvm-btX tZlw D\ym
I-bn-. a\-ns\ \nb-{n nXn-bn-em-b-Xn-\m a\v
hbm {[phx
ico-c-n-e m-s W-nepw ac--Sn-t]mse PU-\m-Ip- p.
\ P\mXn k iotXmjvWw \ ZpxJw \ Ah\v XWp-tm, NqtSm, kpJ-tam, am\m-]-am-\ - tfm
kpJw XYm Hpw A\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-. kam-[n-bn-en-cpv DZm-ko-\-\mbn
54. \ am\w \mh-am\w N kwXyzm Xp Ah Ch-sbmw ssIsh-Sn-bp-p. Ahs Nnw
kam-[n\w F{Xbpw nc-am-I-bm Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp-]X v y-h - -
Ah-m-{X-b-a-t\zXn \ Nnw tbmKn\x kZm I-fn \nv hnap--\mbn Xs hmkvXh - n-Im-h-b - n
55. Pm{K-n-{Zm-hn-\npx kzcq-]m-h - Xm \ne-sIm-p-p. ImW-s-Sm Ign-bm hkvXp--fpsS
anbmXv A`m-h - n bmsXm-cp-h s ZrjvSn ncam-I p- p,
tNjvSbpsS A`m-h-n bmsXm-cp-hs hmbp nc-am-
56. ZrjvSnx ncm bky hn\m k Zriyw
Ip-p, B{i-b-ns A`m-h-n bmXp-scm-hs Nn-
hmbpx ntcm bky hn\m {]bXv\w -n\v ncX `hn-pp B tbmKnv {_-{]-Wh - \ - m-
Nnw ncw bky hn\m-eh - e
- w_w Z-ns Xpco-bm-h--bn Fn-sbv a\-n-em-p-I.
k{_--Xm-cm--c\ - mZ cq]x \mZ-_n-q-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 \mc-Z-]-cn-{hm-P-tIm-]-\n-jv 3
imn- ] mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-b m- a - tZhm `{Zw
]tiy-am- -`nb-P{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-k vX p-jvSp-
hmw- k - k v X - \ q- ` n hytia tZh- l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x]pjm
hniz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] -Xn [mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
kw]q-Py-cmb tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-IsImv
\Xv tIp-am-dm-I-s. Ip-IsImv \Xv ImWp-
am-dm-I-s. kpZr-V
- -fmb AwK--fmepw tZlw sImpw
\nsf kvXpXn-m-\n-S-h-c-s. tZh-m Rv \n-
bn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm-
I-s. Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv \-b-cp-f-s. XS-
hn-m KXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Kcp-U Rv \ sN-
s. _rl-kv]Xn Rv \ sN-s. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
Hmw D]-tZiw
1. AY IZm-NnXv ]cn-{hm-PI - m-`c
- tWm \mcZx kh-
temI kmcw Iph- -] qh-]pWy em\n
]pWy Xom\n Xon-Iph-h - tem IyNn--
ipnw {]m]y \nsshcx imtm Zmx khtXm
\nth-Z-am-kzmZy kzcq-]\p km-\a\pk-mb
\ nb- a m- \ - - h n- t i - j - K W y w ap \ n- P - s s \ - c q]
kow. ss\an-jm-cWyw ]pWy-e - -a-h-temIy
kcn- K - a - ] - [ - \ nk kwss sshcm-K y- t_m- [ -
Isscx kzc-hn-tkssjx {]m]-nI ]cmMv apssJ
lcn-I-Ym-e mss]x mhc PwKa \ma-ssI `K-
hZv `n hnti-ssj \c-ar-KI - nw-]p-cp-jm-a-cI
- n--
cm-]vkt- cm-KW - m kwtam-l-b BKXw {_mm-

N P

I Pw `K-hZv `w \mc-Za - -ht- emIy ZzmZ-ih
- j
k{X- t bm- t Km- ] - n- X mx- { ip- X m-[ y- b\ kmx
kh-m-kvXt]m \njvT-]c - m m\ sshcm-
KymZn km iu\-ImZn aljbx {]Xyp-m\w
IrXzm \Xzm btYm-NnXm XnYy ]qhIw D]-th-i-
bnXzm kzbw kth A]yp-]-hnjvSm t`m `K-h
{_ - ] p{X I Y w ap y p - ] mb: Ak vamI w
hhyx
Hcp L-n ]cn-{]m-PI intcm-aW - n-bmb \mc-Z
kIe temI--fnepw k-cnp sImn-cns At\Iw
]pWy-m-\ - fpw Xo-fpw kin-p. Ahn-sS-
sbmw At-l-ns ]mZ-kv]i-m Gsd ]cn-]q-X-
-fm-bn. B Xo-m-\--fpsS Zi-\ - m At-l-
n\v Nn-ipn ssIh-p. a\v {]im-a - m-bn. C{n-
b- hi-n-embn khYm hnc--\mb At-l-n\v
bmsXmcp Pohn-bnepw tZzj-`m-ha - p-m-bn-cp-n. kzcq-]-
[ym-\m-\p-k-m-\ - n apgpIn Atlw k-cn-p-sIm-
n-cn-th ss\an-jm-cW - y-n hp-tNp. kwb-a-
\n- b-am- -I-amb B\--m asm Xo-- sf-mfpw
Cu Xo-n\v sshinjvSyw Dm-bn-cp-p. At\Iw
aljn-am AhnsS kt-fn-n-cp ]pWy-kv\m-\-ns
Zi-\ - n \mc-Zs hoW-bn \npw kcn-K-a-]-[\n
F sshcm-Kyt_mt[mo-]-Ia - mb kzc-hn-tijw apg-n.
{]m]-n-IN - n-b
- n \nsm-gnv \mc-Z `K-hXv IYm-
ckw Bkz-Zn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. At-l-ns Km\m-em]w
tIv kh-N-cm-Nc - -fpw B\--\n-a--cmbn `n-a-b-amb
At-l-ns Km\w a\p-jy-sc-bpw, arK--sf-bpw, tZh-
m-sc-bpw, In-c-m-sc-bpw, Kh-m-sc-bpw, A]vk-c-
p-Is - f-bpw, arK--sfbpw BIjn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. B
L-n AhnsS ]{p hjw \op-\np Hcp
alm-bw \S-n-cp-p. b-m thZ-\pw X]-
kznbpw m\-s sh-c mKy k- -\ p-a mb iu\-I - a -
ljnbpw AXp-t]m-ep--hcpw ]sSp-n-cp-p. {_-
]p-{X\pw `-hc - y-\p-amb \mc-Z hcp--Xp-Iv ap\n-am-
scmw Fgp-tv \a-kvI-cnv At-l-n\v btYm-NnXw
BXnYyw \In. t{ijvT-amb Bk-\-n Ccpn Fm-
hcpw bYm-m\w Ccp--Xn-s\-p-Sv iu\-Im-Zn-I
hn\-b-]qw \mc-Z-t\mSv tNmZn-p. ""`K-h, {_-]p-{Xm,
apn-t\-Sp-hm-\p D]mbw FmWv? Rv ]d-p-
X-mepw''.
2. CXyp--kvXm ktlm-hmN \mcZx kXvIpe
`thm-]\ - oXx kay-Kp-]-\-b\ ]qhIw NXp--Xzm-
cnw-iXv kwkvImc kx kzm`n-a-ssXI Kpcp-k-
aot] kzmim-J m- [ y-b\ ]qhIw kh hnZym-
`ymkw IrXzm ZzmZ-i-hj ip{iq-jm-]qhIw {_-
Ncyw ]-hnw-iX - n-h
- cw Kmlyw ]-hnw-
i- X n-h - cw hm\- {]m{iaw XZzn- [ n-h - X v {I-a m-
nhXy NXphn[ {_- N cyw jUv h n[w
N P
505
Kmlyw NXphn[w hm\-{] Zw kar- K
K-`yky XZp-NnXw I-khw \nhXy km[\
NXp-jvSb kx kh-k w-km-tcm-]c - n-a-t\m-hm-
mb I-`n bYm-im-\n-hr--kvXYm hmk-ss\-
j-tW, ]cy-]-\nsshcx imtm-Zmx k\ymko
]c-a-lwkm {itaWm kvJenX kzkz-cq-][ - ym-t\\
tZl-XymKw Itcm-Xnk kayIv `hXn kaptm
`hXn Xyp]-\n-j-Xv.
CXp-t Iv \mc- Z {]k- -N n- -\ mbn Cs\
]dp: ""aljnam-sc, kXvIp-e-Pm-X-\mb Hcp a\p-jy
D]-\o-X-\m-bn-s-n BZy-ambn Ahs\ D]-\-b\w sNn-
-Ww. ]ns NXphnw-iXn kwkvm-c-k- - -\mb Hcp
Kpcp-hns B{i-a-n t]mbn Xma-kn--Ww. AhnsS
Kpcp-hns\ ip{iq-jnv kzimJ A`y-kn--Ww. ]ns
kh hnZy-Ifpw A`y-knv Kpcp ip{iq-jm-\n-c-X-\mbn Ign-
b-Ww. Cu L-n ]cn-]q {_-Ncyw thWw.
]ns Ccp- ]-n- bp sImw Krl-m- {ia [w ]men-
-Ww. ]ns 25 hjw hm\-{]-m-{iaw kzoI-cnv
AXnse \nb-a- bYm-hn[n ]men--Ww. {_-Ncyw
\mep-hn-[-sav m\n-I ]d-bp-p. Kmlyw Bdp-
hn-[w. hm\-{]w \mep-hn-[a - m-Wv. Ah-sb--n-sbmw
bYm-hn[n A`y-knv AXm-Xm-{ia [- \nh-ln-
-Ww. ]ns km[\ NXp-jvSb k--\mbn euInI
Nn shSnv at\m-hm-m-b--fm kh-hn- [-ap Bi-
I-sfbpw Gj-W-- sf-bpw, hmk-\-I-sfbpw khYm shSn-
b-Ww. BtcmSpw tZzjw hln-msX a\-n-s\bpw C{n-
b--sfbpw Pbnv k\ym-km-{i-a-n Xs Ahy-b-amb
kzkz-cq]w NnnpsIm-n-cn--Ww. Cs\ [ym\-\n-c-
X-\m-bn-o-cp--Xn-\p-tijw tZl-]p-cn-XymKw sNp--h
tamw {]m]n-p-p. CXmWv D]-\n-j - ns A\p-im-
k- \w.
cmw D]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w `K-hw \mcZm kth iu\-Im-
Ztbx {]Nvipx!! t`m `K-h k\ym-k -hn[nw t\m
{_plo-X n. Xm\-h -t emIy \mc-Z -k v X Xv kzcq]w
k h w ] nX m- a - l - a p - t J - s s \ h mX p - N nX
anXypzm k{X-bmK ]qy-\ - cw ssXx kl-
k- X y- t em-I w- K Xzm hn[n- h Xv {_- \ n- j v T m-] cw
]ctajvTn\w XXzm kvXpXzm btYm-NnXw XZm--
bmssXx ktlm-]-hniy \mcZx ]nXm-a-l-ap-h m-N.
""KpcpkvXzw P\-IkvXzw kh hnZym-c-l-kyx
kh kvXzatXm atm aZnjvSw cl-ky-taIw
hhyw; XZzn-\ m, aZ-` n-a -X -c -l kyw hzw Ix
kax? InanXn tNXv ]cn-{hmPy kzcq-] -{Iaw
t\m{_q-l oXn \mc-tZ\ {]mnXx ]c-tajvT o
khXx khm-\h - t- emIy aplq-am{Xw kam-
[n-\n-jvtTm-`qXzm kwkm-cmn \nhr-Xy-t\z-jW

I CXn \nnXy \mc-Za- -ht- emIy Xaml ]nX-alw:
]pcm-a Xv ]p{X- ] p- c pj kqtm- ] - \ n- j - {Z- l ky
{]Imcw \nc- X n- i - b m- I m- c m- h - e w- _ n\m hncmSv
]pcptjtWm-]ZnjvSw clkyw tX hnhn-tNym-NytX
XXv{I-a-aXn clkyw _mV-a-h-lntXm `qXzm-{iq-
b-X mw.''
A\-cw iu\-ImZn aljn-am Fm-hcpw IqSn
`K-hm \mc-Zt- \mSp ]dp: ""{]t`m Rv k\ym-
k-hn[n ]dp XcWw''. CXp-tIv \mc-Z kp-jvS-
\mbn Ir]-tbmsS ]dp: "k\ym-k-ns ]q kzcq-
]-s-n ]nXm-a-l-\mb {_m-hns apJ-n\npw
X\s\ tIp-I-bmWv t{ib-kvI-cw.' ]ns bmK-k-am-
]vXnptijw Fm-h-scbpw Iqn \mc-Z {_-tem-Ip
sNv {_-[ ym-\] - -cm-b -W-\m-bn-cp ]c-ta-j vT n-bmb
{_m-hns\ \a-kvI-cnv kvXpXn-p. {_mhv Fm-h-
scbpw bYm-tbmKyw Bk-tm-]-hn-jvT-cm-Im \nt-in-
p. Atm \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSp ]d-p. ""{_,
Av R-fpsS Kpcp-hpw, ]nXm-hpw, kh--\pw, kh-
hnZym h-`-\p-am-W-tm. AXn-\m kZbw F\n--dn-tb
Hcp clkyw ]d-p-X-cW - w. Cu clkyw F\np a\-
n-empw hn[w ]d-p-X-cm am-cp-an-. Fs B{Klw
km[n-n-m ks\n k\ym-k-ns kzcq-]-
{I-a
- sf ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-p Rs-m-hpw
thn D]-tZ-in-p-I.'' \mc-Zs A`y-\t- Iv {_mhv
Hp ISm-n tijw Aev]k - -abw kam-[n--\m-bn-cp-
p. ]ns P\-\-a-cW - c
- q-]a
- mb Cu {]]-nI ZpxJ--
fn\npw tamN\w t\Sm-\p D]m-b-sa-sv Nnn-
m XpSn. ]ns Ip-Xp-dv \mc-Zs\ t\mn
]dp: ""\mc-Z, ]v ]pcp-j-kq--nepw D]-\n-j-
nepw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-cp \nKqV cl-ky--\p-
Iq-e-ambn kh-t{i-jvT\pw Znhy-\p-amb hncmSv ]pcp-j
F\nv D]-tZ-inXp Xs Rm \npIw D]-tZ-
inp Xcm-\p-t-in-p-p.''
2. t`m \mc-Z , hn[n-h -Z m-Zm-h -\ p-] -\o-tXm-] -\ -b-\ m-
\cw XXv kXvIp-e-{]-kqXx ]nXr-amXr hnt[bx
]nXr-k-ao-]m-Z-\yt{X kXv k{-Zmb w {im-
hw kXvI p-e -` hw t{im{Xn-b w, imkvt{Xm-h m-
eyw KpW-h - -a-Ip-Snew kZvKp-cp-am-kmZy \Xzm-
b- t Ym- ] - t bmK ip{iq- j m- ] qhIw kzm`n- a Xw
hnm]y ZzmZ-ih - j tkhm-]pcx kcw kh-hn-
Zym-`ymkw IrXzm XZ-\p-bm kzIp-em-\p-c] - m-`n-
aX I\ymw hnhmly ]-hnw-iXn hkcw Kpcp-
Ip-eh- mkw IrXzmY Kph-\p-bm Krl-tm-
Nn-X - I a Iph- n {_mWy \nhr- n-taXy
kzhw-i-hr-n-Imax ]p{X-ta-Ia - m-kmZy Kml-tym-
NnX ]-hnw-iXn hcw Xozm-XXx ]hnw-
iXn hc ]cyw {Xnj-h - W - a p- Z -I -k v] i\
]qhIw NXp-Im-e-ta-I-hm-ca - m-lm-ca
- m-lcmb-
N P
506
taI Gh h\tm `qXzm ]pc-{Km-a-{]m-\ kR- K
mcw hnlmb \nInc hnc-ln-XX - Z- m-{inX Itam-
NnX IrXyw \nhXy Zrjv S {ihW hnjb
s sh X r - j vW y- t aXy N Xzm- c nw- i X v kwk vIm-
ckx khtXm hnc- - n ipn-t aXy
Bim- k q-tbjym-l w-I mcw `Kv[ zm km[-\ -N Xp
jvSb kx k\y-kvXp-al-Xo-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
""\mc-Z, k\ym-k-ns kzcq-]hpw {Iahpw Ghpw
cl-ky-am-Wv. Rm AXp ]d-bmw. {i-tbmsS tIp-
I. DX Ipe-Pm-X\pw amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS Bm-\p-
hn-bp-amb Hcp _me D]-\o-X\ - m-bn-s-n BZy-
ambn Ahs\ D]-\-b\w sNn--Ww. ]noSv B _me
amXm-]n-Xm-sf ]ncnv {im-hm\pw kXvIp-e-Pm-X\pw
t{im{Xn-b\pw imkv{X-PvR\pw KpW-hm\pw BP-h_ - p-
n-bp-amb Hcp-k-ZvKp-cp-hs\ kao-]nv Kpcp-Ip-e-hm-k-a\- p-
jvTn-- Ww. Kpcp-ip-{iqjm XXv]- c-\mbn At-l-ns ]mZ-
-fn hoWp \a-kvI-cnv B{Klw At-ls Adn-bn-
-Ww. ]ns Kpcp-hns Bm-\p-k-cWw shfn-bn
]{p hj-mew Kpcp-ip-{iqj sNbvXv kh hnZy-
Ifpw A`y-kn--Ww. A[y-b\w ]q-am-bm kzIp-e-
n--\p-cq-]bpw a\-n-\n-W-n-b-hf - p-amb Hcp I\y-Isb
Kpcp-hns Bm\p-k-cWw hnhmlw sNbvXv Ccp-]-
n-b-p-hjw Krl-m-{i-an-bmbn Ign-b-Ww. kzhw-i-
hr-nsb am{Xw emmn ]pt{Xm-ev]m-Z\w sN-Ww. Ccp-
]-n-bp hjw Ign-m hm\-{]w kzoI-cnv
AXn Xs Ccp-]-n-bp hjw Nne-hg- n--Ww.
{Xnk-y- I-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-Ibpw ]I \memw bma-
n Hcn- am{Xw Blmcw IgnpIbpw thWw.
{Kmahpw ]-Whpw ]cn-Nb - -am-fpw Dt]-nv GIm-
In-bmbn h\-n Xs Ign-b-Ww. Dgp-Xp-hn-X-bvm
{ian-msX Inp Acntbm atm tiJ-cnv AXp-sIm-
p-am{Xw B{i-a-[w \nd-thn sFln-I-]m-c-{Xn-I--
fmb kpJ-t`m-K-- fn XnIpw sshcmKyw Iev \mev]-
Xp-hn[w kwkvImcw ssIsImv Nns khYm
ip-amn shbv-Ww. Bi, Akq-b, Cujy, Al-
mcw Ch \ntjw ssIhnp km[-\-N-Xp-jvSb k--
\m-b-h-\mWv k\y-kn-p-hm Al-\mbnpXv Fv
D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
aqmw D]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w \mcZx ]nXm-alw ]{]- ""`K-
h, tI\ kwb- \ ym-k m-[ n- I mcn thtXy-] -a mZu
kw\ym-k m-[n-Im-cnWw \ncq]y ]mXv k\ymk
hn[n-c p-Ny-tX. Ah-lnXx irWpx AY jWvU x
] c ntX m A wK - h n- I e x k vs s {X tW m _ [ n-
tcm`tXm apIx ]mj-WvU - {Io enwKo sshJm-
\k lc-ZznPu `rX-Im-[ym-]Ix in]n-hnjvtSm A\-
ntIm sshcm-Ky-h-tm-t]ytX \ kw\ym-kmlx
 507

I kw\y-kvXm-b-Zy]n alm-hm-tIym-]-tZ-ti-\m-[n-Im- 7. AIa a{-cl- nXw \mtXm-a{w ]cn-Xy-tP-Xv. K

cnWx ]qh kw\ymko ]c-a-lw-km-[n-Imco a{w hn\m Ia IpcymXv `kva-\ym-lpXn
A\- cw \mc- Z {_m- h n- t \mSp tNmZnp: hZv`-th-Xv.
""`Kh, k\ymkw kzoI- cn-t--sX--s\-bmWv? AXn\v 8. hn[yp I-kw-t-]mXv kw\ym-kkvXzm
A[n-Imcn BcmWv? Zb-hmbn AXn-s\-n ]d-p Xcq.'' Xpcx kvarXx
{_mhv ]dp: ""k\ymkw kzoI-cn-m-\p A[n- Xkvam-Zm-Xpc k\ymtk a{m-hrn hn[o pt\
Imcn Bcm-sWv ]d-bmw. AXn-\p-tijw kw\ym-k-hn-[n-
sb-n Nnn-mw. \]pw-k-I, ]Xn-X, AwK-hn-Ie - , BXpc k\ym-k-ns ka-b-ta-sXp tNmZn-m
kvss{XW, _[n-c, _me-I, aqI, ]mj-WvU, ac-W-Im-ev {]mW-{]-bm-W-k-a-b-sav ]d-b-Ww. asmcp
N{In, enwKo-th-X\w ]p A[ym-]I - , in]n-hn-jvT, ka-bhpw icn-b-. icn-bmb ka-bv BXpc k\ymkw
Abm-n-I Fn-h hnc-c - m-sW-n Xsbpw ssIh-m AXp-sIm-p-Xs apn e`n-pw. Cu
k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn-I-f-. apt Xs k\ym-km-{i-a- BXpc k\ymkw {Kln-- W-sa- m-{K-l-ap--h ikvt{Xm-
n-\-\p-Iq-e-amb A\p-jvTm\w tN-ht\ AXn {]th- -amb a{- D-cnv bYm-hn[n Bh-iy-ap I-
in-m tbmKy-X-bp-q. -f\ - p-jvTnv a{-]qw k\ymkw kzoI-cn--Ww. BXp-
c-k-\ym-k-n\pw {Ia-k-\ym-k-n\pw hn[m-\-n am-
1. ]tc-ssW-hm-\ -
- m]n ]cssky hm\w XYm an-. Imc-Ww, Iw a{-t{]-cn-Xa
- m-Wv. Hmtcm a{hpw
A`bw ka-hm-]vt\mXn k ]cn {hmUnXn kvarXnx I-hp-ambn _n--Xm-Wv. ka-{-a-s-n Hcp I
2. jWvtUmhnItem-]ytm _me-I - m]n hpw bYm-I-am-hn-. AXn-\m a{w ssIhn-S-cp-
]mXIo Xv. a{w IqSm-sX-bp Iw Xo sXm- Xn-\p-tijw Nm-
en An-p Blp-Xn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. imkv{X-{]-Im-c-
]Xn-X ]c-Zzmco sshJm-\k lc-ZznPu
ap I- kwt-]np sNbvXm BXpc k\ym-
3. N{In-enw-KoN ]mjWvUo in]n hnjvtSm k-{Inb ]q-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m AXn a{m-hrn
]y\nIx Bh- iy-am-Wv.
Zzn{Xn hmtcW kw\ykvtXm `rX-Im-[ym
9. Bln-Xm-nhn-c-t- Xv tZim-c KtXm-bZn
-]-tIm-]nhm
{]mPm-]t- {XjvTn a]vtkzh \nhr-ssXy-hmY
GtX \mln k\ym-ka - m-Xp-tcW hn\m-{I-aw.
km\y-tkXv
`b-an-m--h Bscbpw `b-s-Sp-m--h A- 10. a\km hmY hn[yp a{m hrXym-Yh - m-Pte
s\-bp--h-s\-bmWv kvarXn-I ]cn-{hm-P-I-s\p ]d-bp-
{ipXy-\p-j-Tm-\-amtW Im-\p-jvTm-\-tah hm
-Xv. jWvU-\pw, hnI-emw-K\ - pw, A-\pw, _me-\pw,
]mX-In-bpw, ]Xn-X-\pw, ]c-Zmw-Km-an-bpw, sshJm-\-k-\mb 11. kam]y k\ytk ZznZztm tNXv
{_m-W-\pw, N{Inbpw, enwKn-bpw, ]mj-WvU-\pw, in]n- ]mXn-Xz-am-]v\p-bmXv
hn-jvS-\pw, Abm-n-I-\pw, thX\w ]p A[ym-]I - - 12. bZm a\ko kwPmXw sshXrjvWyw
\pw, ctm aqtm XhW kw\ymkw kzoI-cnv Ign-- kh-h-kvXpjvT
h\pw BXp-ck - -\ym-kn-I-fmImw Fm Ah {Ia-k- XZm k\ym-ka - n-tX ]XnXx kvamZzn-]c - ytbm
\ym-k- n-\l-c-.
13. hncx {]tP-Xv[o-am kc-kvXp
4.-BX- p-cI
- mex IY-am-cy-k - Xx {]mW-tkymXv Krtl-h-tkXv
{Ia-Wm-k
kcmtKm \cIw bmXn {]{h-Pln ZznPm-[ax
Ime-kvXzm-Xp-c-kw-nIx t\X-c-kvXzm-Xpcx
Imtem An-tlm-{X-am-N-cn-p--h A\y-tZ-i-K-a\w sNp-
Ibpw AhnsS shv hnc--\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Pe-
apn-am {]hIx
n {]mPm-]-tXy-jSv n-Iw sNbvXv kw\ymkw kzoI-
5. BXptc A]n N kw\ymtk X-{ cn-mw. Cu {]mPm-]Xy tbmKw a\-p-sImtm bYm-hn-
]pcx-kcw [n-a{w sImtm thtZm--hn-[n-{]-Im-ctam thWw
a{m-hrnw N IrssXzh kw\y-tkXv hn[n Cs\ sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta k\ymkw kzoI-cn-
hXv _p[x m-hq. Am--]w kz[-n\nv A[x-]-Xn-p-
6. BXptc Ahn-{Ita hm]n ss{]j-Zt`m \ p. bYm-amb hncn tXmn- bm am{Xta k\ymkw
Ip{X-Nn-Xv. kzoI-cn-m B{Klw {]I-Sn-n-m-hq. AXn\p hn]-co-
X- a mb {]h \w a\p- j ys\ A[x- ] - X n- n- pw.
\ a{w Ia clnXw I a{-a-t]-tX
N P

I sshcmKyw hnt k\ymkw kzoI-cn-m-hq. a\-n
cmKw Ah-ti-jn-p-p-sh-n Krl-n Xs Ign-b-
Ww. a\-n cmKw Ahtijnt k\ymkw kzoI-cn-
p ZnPm-[c
- \c-I-n ]Xn-p-p.
14. bssky-Xm\n kpKp-]vXm\n Pntlzm-]tm
Zcw Icx
k\y-tk-ZI - r-tXm-Zzmtlm {_mtWm {_
Ncy-hm.
15. kwkm-ct- ah \nxkmcw ZrjvSzm kmcZn Zrbm
{]{h-P-Xy-Ir-tXm-Zzmlx ]cw sshcm-Ky-am-{inXx
16. {]hrn eWw Ia m\w-k-\ym
-k-e-Ww
Xkvam-X- m\w ]pc-kvIrXy kw\y-tk-Znl
_pn-am.
\mv, D]-w, hb-dv, ssII XpS-nb C{n-b-
sf Pbn-n-p--h\pw Ahn-hm-l n-X\pw {_l-a-Ncy
k- -\p-amb {_m-W kw\ymkw kzoI-cnmw.
kwkmcw anYy-sbp IcpXn kmc- h-kvX {Kln-m B{K-
l-tmsS PvRm\n-bm-b-h ]q hnc-\ - mbn Ahn-
hm-ln-X-\m-bn-cns Xs kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-p.
Iw {]hr-n-bp-sSbpw m\w k\ym-k-nsbpw
{][m\ e-W--fm-W.v AXn-\m _pn-am-\mb hyn
PvRm\w ey-am-n-sm-p-thWw k\ymkw kzoI-cn-
m.
17. bZm Xp hnZnXw XXzw ]cw-{_ k\m-X-\wx
XssZ-I-ZWvUw kwKrly tkm]-hoXmw
inJmw XytP-Xv.
18. ]c-am-\n tbm cx hnctm ]cam-\n
kssh-j -Wm-hn-\napx kss`w
t`mp-apl-Xn.
19. ]qPntXm hnXssh kp{]-k tm bYm
`thXv XYm-tN-m-Uy-am-\kvXp XZm `hXn
ss`-`pv
20. Al-ta-hm-cw {_ hmkp-tZ-hm-Jy-a-Zzbw
CXn-`mthm {[pthm bky XZm `hXn
ss`-`p-Iv.
21. bmkvan imnx-iax iuNw kXyw ktmj
BPhw AInw-N\ - Z- w-` k ssIh-eym-{ita
htkXv
22. bZm \ IcptX `mhw kh-`q-tXjvT ]m]Iw
IWm a\km hmN XZm-`-hXn ss`-`pv
23. Zi-e - -WIw [-a-\p-Xn-jvT kam-lnXx
thZm- hn[n-h-Xv{ipXzm kw\y-tk-Z-
\ytWm XznPx
N P
508
]c-aX- - m--I-amb k\m-X\ {_-m\w e`n-
K
m GI-Z-WvU-Zm-cn-bmbn ]qWqepw inJbpw ssIsh-Sn-
b-Ww. ]c-am-m-hn A\p-cp-\pw XZv`n--amb kI-e-
Xnepw sshcm-Kyhpw D-h\pw Gj-W-{X-b-cl - n-X\pw
am{Xta `nmw Bin-p-hm Al-X-bp-q. B-
{]-iwk BZcw Ch-sImpw km[m-cW a\p-jy {]k-
-\m-Ip-tm XmUn-s - -X
- n\p tijhpw AXv {]k-
-Xb - vn-S\- Ip-s-n am{Xta `nmw Bin-p-
hm Al-X-bp-q. Xm A-c{- _w Xs-sbp
hniz-kn-m Ign-bp--ht\ `nmw `n-m-\[ - n-Im-
c-ap-q. in, {`aw, iaw, iuNw, ktm-jw, kXyw
kmcfyw Zw`-an-mbva [\-n A\m-kn Fn-h-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-am-{Xta k\ym-km-{i-a-{]-th-i\ -
- n\v Al-
X-bp-q. k\ym-knv a\km hmNm IWm Hn-t\mSpw
Cujy Cm-Xn-cn--Ww. C-s\-bp hninjvS at\m-
`mhw ssIsImv GIm-{K-Nn--\mbn D]-\n-j - p-I
{ihnv {_-Nc - y-a-\p-jvSnv kzm[ymbw sNp Ejn
EW-hn-ap--\m-Ip-p. k\ymkw kzoI-cn-t-Xv bm-
\p-jv Tm-\ - m tZh- m-t cm-S p EW- n \npw
]pt{Xm-Xv]n aptJ\ ]nXr- -tfm- Sp EW-n \npw
ap-\m-b-Xn\p tij-am-Wv.
24. [rXnx am ZtamkvtXbw iuNan
{nb-\n-{Klx
[o hnZym kXy-a-t{ImtYm ZiIw [-e - -Ww.
25. AXo-Xm \kva-tcZv t`mKm \ XYm
\mK-Xm-\]n
{]m]vXmw \m`n-\-tZyx k ssIheym
{ita htkXv
26. Ax- m-\o-{o-bm-Wy-_-ln-jvT m
hnj-bm _lnx
iIvt\m-Xnbx kZm Ipw k ssIheym
{ita htkXv
27. {]mtW KtX bYm tZlx kpJw ZpxJw \
hnXnXYm-tNXv {]mW-bptm ]n k ssIheym
{ita- h-t k-Xv .
[rXn, a, Zaw, AkvtX-bw, iuNw, C{n-b-\n-{K-
lw, [o hnZy, kXyw, At{Im[w Ch ]mWv [-
ns e-Ww. Ign Imev A\p-`-hn-n-p t`mK-
-sf-n Nnn-p-Itbm Ctm A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-
p--hsb kzmKXw sNp-Itbm `mhn-bn e`n-m-\n-S-
bp t`mK- B{K-ln-p-Itbm sNm--h-\mWv
k\ym-km-{i-a- n hkn-m tbmKy. Ax-m-\o-
b- -fmb C{o-b-pw _mlym-- co- I-hn-j-b-pw
a\-n m\w sImSp-m-Xn-cn-m Ign-hp--h\ - mWv
k\ym-km-{i-a
- n\v A[n-Im-cn. {]mW shSn ico-c-
n\v kpJZpxJm\p`hw Dm-Im--Xp-t]mse Xs

I {]mW-\n-cn-p-tmgpw kpJ-Zpx-J- _m[n-m--h-\mWv
k\ym-kn-bm-Im tbmKy.
28. Iu]o-\-bp-Kfw Im ZWvU GI ]cn-{Klx
btXx ]c-a-lw-kky \m[n Iw Xp hn[o-btX
29. bZn hm IpcptX cmKm-Z[- n-Iky ]cn-{Klw
cuchw \cIw KXzm Xncy-tKym-\njp PmbtX
30. hnioWm-\y-a-em-t\yh tNem\n {KYn-Xm\n Xp
IrXzm I w _lnhmtkm [mc- t b- m- X p- c -
RvP nXw
31. GI-hmkm Ahmkm hm GI ZrjvSn-ct- em-ep]x
GI Gh Ntc-nXyw hjm-tkz-I{X kwh-tkXv
32. IpSpw_w ]p{X-Zm-cmw thZmw-Km\n N khix
bw btm-]-hoXw N Xyzm KqV- -tc-
ZyXnx
cp Iu]o\w Hcp ]g-pWn Hcp hSn Fnh
k\ymkn kzoI-cn--Ww. CXn IqSp-X ]mSn-. AXym-
i-bm IqSp-X hkvXp- {Kln-m ac-Wm-\ - cw
cuc-h-\-cI- -n ]Xn-p. ]ip ]ymZn XncyIv tbm\n-
I-fn P\n-p-p. ioX hjm-Zn-I-fn\npw tamN-\-
n\v Pon ip-h-kv{X- Iqn-v hkv{X-am--
Ww. ]ns hnP- \--ev Xma-kn--Ww. Bh-iysan
Imjm-b-hkv{Xw [cn-mw. GI hkv{X-[m-cn-bmtbm \-
\mtbm Ign-bmw. Iv Ap-anpw ]mbn-msX Hcn-Sp-
d-n--Ww. a\-n Hcp-hn[ B{K-l- n\pw CSsImSp-
-cp-Xv. GI-\mbn am{Xw k-cn-W
- w. kv{Xo, ]pcp-j,
IpSpw-_w, thZmw-K{- K, bw, btm-]-hoXw
Ch khYm shSn-b-Ww. Cs\bp k\ymkn Xs
alXzw ]d-p-sImp \S-m-sX bm{X sN-Ww.
33. Imax t{Im[-kvX-Ym-Ztm tem`
taml-Z-b-tb
XmwkvXp tZmjm ]cn-XyPy ]cn-{hm
\ntam `th-Xv.
34. cmK-tZz-j-hn-bp-mm ka-temjvTm
iva Im\x
{]mWn lnwkm-\n-hr- ap\nx-kymXv
kh \nkvarlx
35. `w`m-l - mc \naptm lnwkm ss]
iqXy hPnXx
B-m-\-Kp-tWm-t]tXm bXn
tam-a-]m-]v\p-bmXv
36. C{n-bmWmw {]kw-tK\ tZmj-ar-Xy kwibx
kw\n-b-ayXp Xmt\yh XXx knnw \nK-Xn
37. \ PmXp-Imax Imam-\m-ap-]-t`m-tK\ imayXn
lhnjzm IrjvW-hth `qX Ghm`n htX
N P
509
38. {ipXzm krjvSmb N `mb ZrjvSm {LmXzm K
Nb tbm \cx \ hrjyXn mbXn hmk-hn-t-
tbm-Pn-tX-{nbx
39. bky hmMva-\kn ipt kayIv Kp]vtX N
khZm k ssh kh-a-hm-]v]t- \mXn thZmtm
]KXw ^ew
40. km-\mZv {_mtWm \nXy apZzn-tPX hnjm
Znh Aar-X-tkyh NmImwt `h am\ky khZm
Fm hn[-n-ep aaX k\ymkn ssI shSn-b-
Ww. Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, Al-m-cw, XpS-nb
tZmj- ssI hnS-W w. cmK-t Zz-j m-[ n-I Acp-X v.
kzhpw ]md-pw Xpey ZrjvSn-bn ImW-Ww. {]mWn
lnwk ]mSn- . \nkvar-l-\m-I-Ww. Zw`w, Al-m-cw, lnwk,
]c-\n Ch-bn \nv ap-\m-I-Ww. Cu KpW--fp
k\ym-kn-bmWv tamm-[n-Im-cn. C{o-bm-kn At\Iw
tZmjv Imc-W-am-Wv. C{n-b- \nb-{-W-n-em-
bm Ah knn {]Z--fm-Wv. t`mtKm-]-tZmKw sImv
Ima-hm-k-\I ian-n-. s\v An-sb-sb-t- ]mse
AXv Ahsb hn-n-p-Itb Dq. ]cp-jtam a[p-ctam
Bb hmp tImepw kzmZp-tXm Am-tXm Bb
Blm-c-km-[-\- `n-mepw arZpthm ]cp-jtam Bb
hkvX p- kv] in- mepw kp-ctam ZpK- tam
Gmepw {]k--Xtbm shdptm CmsX Fm-nepw
ka-`m-h-\-bp- -h-\mWv PntX-n-b hnip a\pw
hnip hmpw tZmj-lo-\-\p-am-bht\ thZm {ihWw
sImp ]q ^ew A\p-` -h n- m km[n- q.
kvXpXn hnjw t]mse D]-Imcw sNp--Xm-sWpw
{_m-W Icp-tX--Xp-v.
41. kpJw lyh-aXx titX kpJw N
{]Xn _p[ytX
kpJw NcXn temtIy kvanh-am hn\-iyXn
42. AXn-hmZmw kvXnXn tX-\m-h-a-t\yX I\
\tNaw tZl-am-{inXy sshcw Ip]oX tIm\-Nn-Xv.
43. {Ipyw \ {]Xn-{Ip-t[zZv B{IpjvS
Ipiew hntZ-Xv
k]vXZ- zmcm hIomw N \ hmN-a-\rXmw htZXv
44. Aym-X - n-cm-kot\m \nc-t]m \ncm-inj
B-ss\h klm-tb\ kpJmo hnN-tc-Znl
45. C{n-bmWmw \ntcm-t[\ cmK-tZzj tbW
N Alnw-kbm N `qXm-\m-a-ar-X-Xzmb Iev]t- X.
A]-am-\-n-\n-c-bmb hyn kpJ-ambn Dd-p-Ibpw
DW-cp-Ibpw k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Ahs\
A]-am-\n-h
- kzbw \in-p-p. Cu icocw \iz-ca - m-
Wv. A-s\-bp ico-c-hp-ambn BtcmSpw i{XpXzw ]mSn-
. tIm]n-p-h- c
- psS t\pw tIm]-ac
- p-Xv. Ak`yw
 510

I ]d-bp--h-tcmSv Bam-Xncn hmp-I ]d-bmsX \ hmv Al-mcw khYm Dt]-n-pI \ B{K-ln-p--h

K
]d-bp-I. cp Iv, cv sNhn, cp \mkm-Zzmcw apJw AXn\p ]pdsI t]mI-cp-Xv. {]nb-P-\--fn kpIr-Xhpw
Cu Ggp-Zzm- c--fp-ambn hmv _-s-n-cn-p-p. AXns\ i{Xp--fn ZrjvIr-Xhpw ImWp at\m-`mhw shSnv
Hcn-epw AkXy `mj-W - n-tev \bn-c - p-Xv. kpJ- Ah-cp-ambn _-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-I. [ym\ \njvT-\mb km[-
an-n-p--h B[ym-nI Nn hln-p-Ibpw nX- I\v {_s {]m]n-m Ignbp-p. {ItaW kh-hn-
Nn--Xt- bmsS BtcmSpw Hpw bmNn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw j- b- - fnepw A\m- k- - \mbn C{n- b- - fn \nv tamN\w
thWw. a\-n Hcp B{K-lhpw Dm-Im-\nS sImSp-- t\Sn k\ymkn ]c-{_- - n ebn-p-p. knn B{K-
cp-Xv. Bh-iy-an-msX ap--hc - psS klmbw tXS-cp-Xv. ln-p--h ap--hsc B{i-bn-msX GI-\mbn Ncn-
GI-\mbn k-cn--Ww. C{n-b-sf Pbnv cmK-tZz-jm- -Ww. k\ymkn ap--h-cpsS knn-Iv Xs km[\
Zn-I shSnv Hcp Pohn-sbbpw lnwkn-m-Xn-cn-p-- shSn-bp-Itbm knn lo\-\m-Ip-Itbm sNp-n-.
h Aar-XXzw t\Sp-p. 54. I]mew hr-aq-em\n IptN-em\y klm-bXm
46. An-qWw kv\mbp-_w amwk kaXm ssNh. kh-n-tX apky eWw
timWn-X-te-]nXw 55. kh `qX-lnXx im-kv{Xo-Z Wv U o k Ia-
Nm-h-_w ZpKn ]qw aq{X-]q-co-jtbmx WvUep GIm-cmax ]cn-{hPy `nmw {Kma-am-
47. Pcm-timI kam-hnjvSw tcmK-bXu amXpcw hn-ti-X v.
cP-kz-e-a-\nXyw N `qX-hm-ka- naw XytPXv 56. GtIm `npb-tYmx kymZv Zzmthh anYp\w
48. amwkm-krIv ]qb hnaq{X kv\mbp am kvarXw. {Xtbm-{Kmax kam-JymX Du[zw Xp
nkw-lXu tZtl tNXv {]oXn-am aqtUm `hn- \K-cm-b-tX.
Xm-\-c-tI]n kx 57. \Kcw \ln-Ihyw {Kmtam h anYp\w XYm
49. km Ime-]p-{X-Zzokm `hnkm alm-hoNn hmKpcm GXXv {Xbm-{]-IphmWx kz[mXv
NyhtX bXo
\mkn-]{- X-a-\t- {iWo bm tZtl
laXn kwnXnx 58. cmP-hmmZn tXjmw kymZv `nm-hm
]c-k v]cw
50. km XymPym kh-b-tX\ kh\m ti ]yp
kvt\l sshiq-\y-am-cyw kn-I
]ntX kv{]jvSyhym km \ `thy\ k izamw
jm--kw-ibx
tkh ]pevko
59. GImIo \nx kv]rl-kvXn-jvtT-l
51. {]ntbjp tkzjp kpIrX a{]n-tbjp N
tX\ klm-et- ]Xv
ZpjvIrXw
ZZym-m-cm-bt- W-tXyh {]Xn-hmIyw kZm-bXnx
hnkrPy [ym\-tbm-tK\ {_m-t]yXn k\m-X\w
60. GImIo Nn-tbXv {_ at\m
52. At\\ hn[n\m khmw-kvXyIvXzm kwKm
hmmb Ia`nx
iss\x iss\x kh-Zz-ssz hn\nptm
arXypw N \m `n\-tX PohnXw hm IY-\
{_mtWy hmh-Xn-jvTtX
IpSn-m I]m-e-sa ac- m-{Xw Xma-kn-m hr-
53. GI Gh Ntc-nXyw kny ak-lm-bIx
aqew [cn-m Pon XpWn Ch ssIsm--Ww.
knn-ta-Iky ]iy ln \ PlmXn \ lobtX GIm-In-bm-bn-g- n-bp at\m-`mhw Fm-h-tcmSpw ka-`m-
icocw tcmK-a-b-am-Wv. An-I CXn XqWp-I h\ Ch-bmWv Poh-p--e--Ww. {]im-\pw ZWvU-I-
t]mse kv\mbp- Ib-dn\p kaw. AXv amwk-c-m-Zn- a-WvU-e p-[m-cnbpw Bm-cm-a-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww. k-cn-
I-fm te]\w sN-sv Nm-hr-X-am-bn. ae-aq-{X-]q-cn- ptmfpw GIm-In-bm-bn-cn--Ww. `nt \Kcfn
X-amb AXv ZpK--]q-am-Wv. hmIy timI-k-m- {]th-in-m-hq. k\ym-kn-bm-bm GIm-In-bmbn Ign-b-Ww.
]m-Zn-I-fm BXp-ca - m-bp-Xv \nXy-a GIm-In-bmb k\ym-kntb ^np Fv ]d-bp-p. ASp-
- m-Wn-Xv. cP-kz-ea
`qXm-hm-km-amb CXv XyPn-p-I. amwkw cw aew aq{Xw p-h-cm Bsc-bp-a-\p-h-Zn--cp-Xv. b-amtbm {Kma-amtbm
a An Ch-bpsS kam-hm-b-amb Cu tZl-n \K-c-amtbm hkn-p k\ymkn kz[-Nyp-X-\m-Ip-p.
{]oX-h-ln-p apV \c-I-n\p ]m{X-am-Wv. Al- ]ecpw tNcp-tm ]e-hn-[ - n-ep Nv CS-h-cp-
mcw Ime-kq-{X-sa \c-I-ns am-am-W.v alm-hoNn p. AXv kv t \l- t Zz-
j m- [n- I v Imc-Wa
- m-Imw. ap--
F \c-I-n-se-n-m t]m Hcp he-bm-Wn-Xv. h ]d-bp Imcy-v D-c-ambn ""\mcm-bW'' Fp
Akn-]-{X- \-c-I- n Fm-\p tImWn- - Sn-bm- Wn-Xv. Cu am{Xw D-cn--Ww. GIm--hm-kn-bmbn am\-kn-I-hm-NnI
Alw`mhw ]n-amwkw Xnp NWvUm- en- \n- bvsm- amWv. ImbnI {Inb-I tIhew {_s am{Xw [ym\n-m-\n-
N P
 511

I S-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-h-Ww. ac-W-stbm Pohn-X-stbm A`n- hnj-b --fn A\m-k- -\mb `np apKv[ F K
\-n-m\pw ]mSn-. t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
61. Ime-tah {]oX-tX bmh-Zmbpx kam-]ytX 69. \Sm-Zn-t{]-jWw ZyqXv {]aZm kplrZw XYm
\m`n-\-tX acWw \m`n-\-tX PohnXw Ime `yw t`mPy-ap-ZIymw N j \ ]tiyXv
tah {]Xo-tX \ntiw `rXtIm bYm IZm-N\
62. APnlzx jWvUIx ]wKp-ctm _[nc 70. cmKw tZzjw aZw ambmw t{Zmlw tamlw
Gh N ]cm-kq
apKv[ arNytX `np jUv`n-tc-ssX \ kwibx jtU-Xm\n bXn \nXyw a\km \ Nn-tbXv
63. CZ-an-jvS-anZw t\Xn tbm iv\]n \ kXn 71. aIw ip]n hkv{Xw N kv{XoIYm euey-
lnXw kXyw anXw hn Xa-Pnlzw {]N-tX tah N Znhm-kz]v\w N bm\w N bXo\mw ]mX-\m-
\njvSv
64. AZy PmXmw bYm \mcow XYm tjmUi
hmjnIow 72. Zqc-bm{Xmw {]b-tX-\\ htb `m NnIx
iX-hjmw N tbm ZrjvSzm \nhn-Imcx ktZm-]\ - n-jZw hnZym-a-`y-tk\ apn sslXpIow
k jWvUIx 73. \ Xo-tk-ho-\nXyw kymtm-]-hm-k-
65. `nm-a-S\w bky hnaq-{X-I-cW - mb N ]tcm bXnx
tbmP-\m--]cw bmXn khYm ]wKp-tch kx \ Nm[y-b\ ioex kym hymJym\ ]tcm-`-thXv
66. XnjvTtXm {hPtXm hm]n bky Np 74. A]m-]a iTw hr-a-Pnw \nXy-am-Nt- cXv
\ ZpKw C{n-bmWn kam-lrXy Iptm
NXp-cypKmw `phw apzm ]cn-{hmSv tkm Km\oh khix
DNytX 75. otW-{n-b-a-t\m-hr-n \ncm-io \njv]-cn-
67. lnXm-lnXw at\m-cmaw hNx timIm-hlw Xp {Klx \nZztm \n-a-kvImtcm \nx tkz[m-Imc
bXv {ipXzm ]n \ irtWm-Xoh _[ncx k {]Io GhN
nXx 76. \ntam \nc-lI - mtcm \nc-t]-m-\n-cm-injx
68. kmnty hnj-bmWmw bx katm hnI- hnhn--tZ-kk - w-ktm apNytX \m{X kwibx
te-{nbx kp]vXh - Z- ztX \nXyw k Xs _p- -s ftbm \mS-Im-ZnIsftbm NqXv,
`npapKv[ DNy-tX. bphXn cP-kze Da t`mPyw Ch-tbtbm k\ymkn
ac-W-k-abw hsc Imew {]Xo-n-n-cn--Ww. ac-W- t\m-cp-Xv. cmKw, tZzjw, aZw, amb, t{Zmlw, tamlw Cu
stbm Pohn-Xs - tbm {]iw-kn--cp-Xv. `rXy bP- Bdpw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ip{`-hk - v{Xw kv{XoIsfn N,
ams B-sb-sb t]mse Imes am{Xw A\p-k- C{n- b- e n- ]v k , ]I- e p- d w a- n-en-cn-p-I, hml-\--
cn-p-I. \]pw-k-I, A, apS-, _[n-c, apKv[ fn k- c n-
pI Fnh k\ym- knv hPy-am-Wv.
Fnh-sc-tmse Ignv jUvKp-W-fpw Bnp B Nn-bn apgp-I-Ww. Ign-hXpw Zqc-bm{X Hgn-hm-
Ign- m apn e`n- pw. Blm-c- n kzmtZm -Ww. D]-\n-jp XpS-nb A[ym-nI {K-
ZpkzmtZm ]cn-K-Wn-m--h\pw kXy-am-{X-hm-Zn-bp-amWv A`y-kn- -Ww. A[nIw D]- h-kn- p-Itbm Xom- S\w \S-
APo-h. \h-PmX _men-Is - bbpw ]Xn-\mdp hb-p-Im- p-Itbm ]mSn-. Gsd ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tnn-p-Itbm
cn-sbbpw \qdp-h-bp Ing-hn-sbbpw ka-`m-h\ - -tbmsS th k`-I-fn {]`m-j-Ww, ]m]m-Nm-cw, BP-h-I-c-amb
Zin-p- -h\pw Ima-p-gn-bn s]Sm-X n-cn- p--hs\ s]cp-amw Ch Hgnhm--Ww. Ba ssIIm-epIsfsb--
jWvU -s \p ]d-b p- p. ae-a q- {X- h n-k P- \ - n\pw t]m-se C{n-b-sf hnj-b-n\npw ]nh-en--Ww.
hnZymP-\- n\pw k-cn-p Znh-k-n Hcp tbmP- B{K-l-fpw ]cn-{K-l-fpw XyPnv ljtim-Im-Zn-I-
\bne[nIw t]mIm--h-\p-am-b-hs\ ]wKp Fv ]d-bp- fpsS Npgnbn s]Sm-Xn-cn--Ww. \a-kvIm-cm-ZnI th.
p. \S-p-tmgpw \np-tmgpw t\{X- \mep AI- aa-Xbvpw Al-m-c-n\pw m\-a-\p- h-Zn--cp- Xv. Hnepw
m-Sn IqSp- X HmSn- m--h\pw At[mZr- jvSn-bp- am-b-hs\ Bk-n-b-cp-Xv. \nKz-a\pw Al-m-c-c-ln-X\pw \nc-t]-
A-s \v ]d-b p- p. lnXm-lnX kpJ-Zpx-J- -fmb \pw \ncm-inpw GIm--hm-knbpw Bbn-cn--Ww.
hmp-tI-npw tIn-sp \Snv im-\m-bn-cn-p--h 77. A {] - a x I a- ` - n- m- \ - k - x
_[n-cs KW-n s]Sp-p. hnj-b-k-ao-]\w _ew kzXt{m sshcm-Ky-taXy {_-Nmco Krlo hm\-
C{nb kzX Ch Dm-bnpw Ddp--hs\tmse {]tm hm apJy- h r- nIm tNZv {_- N cyw

N P
 512

I kam]y Krlo `th-Zv. Krlm-Zz\o `qXzm {]{htP hn[n-t]mse bw sNbvXp. at{m-m-c-W-tmsS

K
ZyZn thX-cYm {_-Ncym tZh {]{h-tPXv Krlm- Ansb {LmWn--Ww. ""AbwtX An''CXmWv a{w.
Zzm-h -\zm-Z zmY]\-c -{hXo hm {hXo hm kv\ mX- ""At, Cu {]mW aptJ-\-bmWv \o Bhn`-hn--Xv.
tImhm Akv\m-XtIm thk-m-n-c\ -
- n-tImhm {]mW kwh--c-_-n-Xa - mb Ime-am-W.v AXn-\m-emWv
b Zl-tch hnc-tP-Z- l - t- ch {]{h-tPXv Xss- \oIm-n-am-\m-b-Xv. P-Im-cW- -amb {]mWs\ Adnp
tI-{]m-Pm-]-Xym-ta-thjvSnw Iph-y-Yhm \ Ipcym- \o AXn {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-Ip-I. R- fpsS m\kv
Zm-t- ym- tah Ipcym-Z - nln-{]mWx {]mWta hn-n-p-I. {]mW An-bpsS D-h - n\v Imc-W-
sshX-bm-I-tcmXn XkvamXv ss{X[m-X-hom tah- am-Wv. a{-n {]mW-sbpw An-bpsS GIm-X
Ip-cym-tZX ssbh {Xtbm [mX-thm-b-`qX kzw hy- am-p-p.
cP-kvXa CXn.
Bl-h-\o-bm- n-bn \npw Ansb {Kln- p.
A{]-h--\mbn tIhew Bm-hn--[o-\-\mbncpv An-{LmWmw \nh-l n- - W w. Ansb {Kln- p.
sshcmKyw D-m-bm Iw `n m\w Fn-h-tbm- Anbns-n Pe-nepw lh\w sNmw. ""tZh-m
Sp-Iq-Snb Krl-t\m {_-Nm-cntm hm\-{]-t\m Pe-kz- cq-]-ambncnptm Rm Ahv thn lh\w
kw\ymkw {Kln-mw. hnc--\n Fs-nepw \yq\-X- sNp-p. Cu BlpXn Ahv e`n--s.'' F-
bp-s-n, B{i-a--fn BImw--bp-s-n {_- n-ep--XmWv a{w. ]ns BN-an--Ww. LrX-bp--
Nmcn Xs B{i-am-h[n ]qn-bm-n-bnv Krl-m-{i-a- am-b-Pew Btcm-Ky-tam--{]-Z-am-Wv. ]ns inJ, ]qWp-
n {]th-in--Xn- \p- tijw hm\-{]-hpw AXn-\p-tijw \q, ]nXm-hv, ]p{X, `mcy, Iw, A[y-b-\w, hn`n
k\ym-khpw kzoI-cn- mw. As-n Krl-m-{i-a-n\p a{- CsXms hnp-]n-cn-bmw. Fm am{Xta BX-
tijw sshcmKyw tXmn-bm k\ym-kn-bm-Imw. {_- a-m-\n-bmb hyn k\ym-kn-bm-Ib - p-q. ss{X[m-X-
Nmcn {_-N-cy-c-ln-Xt\m kv\mX-I Akv\m-Xt\m hob a{w tam {]Z-am-Wv. AXn-eqsS {_-m\w
An-tlm{Xn A\-n-tlm-{Xntbm Bbmepw sshcmKyw t\Sn {_w, kXyw, m\w Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-
tXmn-bm Krlw shSnv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-mw. sW k-ev]-m AXns\ D]m-kn-mw.
hn-cmb Nne k\ym-kn-am B{i-a-{]-th-i-\-tmsS ]ns \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p. ""`K-hm,
{]Pm-]-tXyjvSn F bw A\p-jvTn-p-p. AXp-Iq- btm-]-hoXw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p {_m-Ws nXn
Sm-s X-b p-am-I mw. As- n Btbn F bw FmWv?'' {_mhv ]d-p: ""m\n-bmb ]pcp-j
sNmw. An Xs {]mW AXn-\m km[-I CjvSn- incv apWvU \w sNbvX v btm-] -h o-X -cq-] - n
bm {]mWs\ ]pjvS-am-p-p. ss{X[m-X-ho-b-sa _mly-i-co-c-n [cn-n-p \q ssIhnv Ahy-b-\mb
b-hp-am-Imw. Cu b-n-eqsS kXz-c-Pk - vXa - m-- {_w kh-nepw \qens cq]-n hym]n-n-cn-p-
I--fmb aqp [mXp--sfbpw lh\w sNp-p. p. Fv k-ev]nv A[ym--]c - -\m-I-Ww.
78. Abw tX tbm \n-E-Xzntbm btXm PmtXm 80. kqN-\m-q-{X-an-Xymlpx kq{Xw \ma ]cw-]Zw
Atcm NYmx Xw Pm\- Btcm- l m- [ mt\m
XXvkq{Xw hnZnXw tb\ k hnt{]m thZ-]m-]c - Kx
hbm cbn-an-Xy-t\\ at{-Wm-n-am-Pn-t{L-tZj
hm Attcym \ncyx {]mWx {]mWw K kzmw 81. tb\ kh-anZw t{]mXw kqt{X aWn
tbm\nw K kztl-tXy-h-ta-ssh-XZm lh-\obm KWm Ch
Zn-am-lrXy ]qh hZ-n-amPn t{LZy-Z ow \ bq{Xw [mc-tb-tZym-Kn-tbmK hny Zi\x
hnt-Z] - vkp Pplp-bm-Zm-t]mssh khm tZhXmx 82. _lnx kq{Xw XytPXv hnZzm
khmt`ym tZh- X mt`ym Pptlman kztlXn tbmK-ap- -a-a-am-nXx
lqtXzm-rXy XZ-ZIw {]iv\n-bmXv kmPyw lhn- {_ `mh-anZw kq{Xw [mc-tbZyx k tNX\x
c-\m-abw tamZ-an-Xn-inJmw btm-]h - oXw ]nX-cw-
[mc-Wm-ky kq{X-kyt\m njvtSm \mip
]p{Xw If{Xw I Nm[ym-b\w a{m-cw hky-
Nn `thXv
s s P y h ] c n- { h - P - X y m h nt mj as s {
kvss{X[m-X -hossb hnt[-kvX -Zv{_ XZp-]m-ko- 83. kq{X-a-KXw tbjmw m\ btm
X-hyta sshX-ZnXn ]nXm-alw ]p\x-]-{] \mcZx ]ho-Xn\x
IY-a -b-tm-] -hoXn {_mW CXn-X-a m-l -] n-X- tX ssh kq{X-hntZm temtI tX N
amlx btm] hoXn\x
79. kinJw h]-\w-IrXzm _lnx-kq{Xw m\ tah ]cw tXjmw ]hn{Xw m\-ap-NytX
XytPXv _p[x 84. At-cnh inJm-\m\ym bkym m\-abn inJ
bZ-cw ]cw-{_ XXv kq{X-anXn [mc-tb-Xv. k inJo-Xyp-NytX hnZzm-t-Xtc tIi-[m-cnWx
N P
 513

I 85. Ia-Wy-[n-IrXm tb Xp sshZntI `qKr-l-I - -c -\nXv[c kvXWvUn-tejp ht\ hm K

{_m-W n-Zbx ti zX - t I X p E `q\ n Z mL E j ` `p h mk x
ssX hn[m-ca - nZw kq{Xw {InbmwKw kwhI Z m- t {Xb ssch- X - I - h - Z - h y
Xnssh kvarXw enwtKm-hym Nmtcm _mtem- ]nim-Nh - Z- \
- p-
- tm- hZm-N mcw kv{ Xo ZWvU w inIyw
86. inJm-m-\-abn bky D]-hoXw N Xbw
]m{Xw Ia-WvUepw IpSn-kq{Xw Iu]o\w N XXv
{_mWyw kIew Xky CXn {_ hntZm hnZp-
khw `qkzmtl Xy]vk p ]cn-XyPy ISn-kq{Xw
cnXn
N Iu]o\w ZWvUw hkv{Xw Ia-WvUpew ka-]-
m\-tl-XpIw Xs kq{Xw. AXp-sImv kq{X- k-kr-PymY PmX-cq][c--tc-Xv. Bm\ a\zn-t-
ns Aw ]c-a] - -Z-sa-m-Wv. ]c-a-]-Z-am-Ip kq{Xw ZyYm PmX-cq-][ - tcm \nZz-tzm-\njv ]cn-{K-kvXXz
Adn- b p- - h - \ mWv thZ-] - W vU n- X - \ mb {_m- W . {_-amt kayIv kx ip-am-\k - x {]mW-
kq hnizm-hp,. \qena-Wn-I t]mse ]c-am-m- k-mcWmw btYm--Imte Ic-] m-t{X-W m-
hn tIm-s-n-cn-p-p. tbmK-\pw XXz-Zin-bp- t\y\ ambm-N n-Xm-lm-ca - m-lc - em`m-emt` ktam
am-b-h bYm kq{X-amWv [cn-p--Xv. m\n `qX zm \ n ax i p - [ y m\ N c m- b tW m
_mly-kq{Xw Dt]-nv {_-am-Ip kq{Xw [cnv [ym\njvTx ip`m-ip-`I - \nq-e\ ]cx-kw-
tbmKs B{i-bn-p-p. A-s\-bp--h\ - mWv ssNX- \ymky ]qm-\s - sI t_m[-kvXZv {_m-la - -
\y. B kq{X-ns [mc-W-m k\ymkn Dn-jtv `m- kvaoXn {_-{]-W-ha - -\p-kva-c {`ac IoS-\ym-tb\
mthm A]-cn-i p-t\m BIp-n-. m\-am-Ip ico-c-{X-b-apXv krPy k\ym-tk-ss\h tZl-XymKw
bPvtRm-]-ho-X - m k\ym-kn-bpsS lrZbw Aew-Ir-X- ItcmXn kIrX IrtXym `hXo Xyp]-\n-j-Xv.
am-W.v Ah-cmWv kq{X-ns bmYmyw Adn-bp--h.
C-s\-bp XXzw {Klnv k\ymkw kzoI-cn-t-
k\ym-kn-am-cpsS btm-]-ho-Xhpw inJbpw m\-sa-
Xv {_m-Ws I-hy-am-Wv. GI-hk - v{X-[m-cn-bmbn
s{X. m\-amWv al-mb ]pcp-jmw. AXyw
intcm-ap-WU v \w sNbvXv A]-cn-{Kl \nbaw ]men--Ww.
hnip--am-WX - v. An-bpsS Pzme AXns kzcq-]a
- m-bn-cn-
ico-c-tiw kln- p-hm km[n-m-X n-cp- m Hcp
p-X - p-t]mse m\n-bpsS inJ m\-abw Xs.
Iu]o\w [cn-p-Itbm \X hcn-p-Itbm BImw.
tIi-a-b-amb inJ-b AXv. sshZn-I-I- A[n-Im-
]p{Xan-{X-_m-- hm-Zn- Isf Dt]-nv kzm[ymb kXvI-
cn-bmb {_m-W I-ns AwK-am-Ip btm-
-fn \nc-X-\m-I-Ww. kI- e-Xp-ambn _w hnv Iu]o\
]-hoXw [cn-p-p. m\-ab - -amb inJbpw kq{Xhpw
ZWvU AwK-h-kvX-cm-Zn-I shSn-p. kIe Zzz-`m-K-
[cn-p--hc - nepw {_mWyw ]p-ambn nXn sNp-
fpw kln--Ww. kpJ ZpxJ iotXmjvW \n{Zm-`n-am-\m-
p-shv {_--m-\n-I k-Xn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
h-am-\--sf-n Nn Acp-Xv. jVqn-hn-hPn-X-\mbn
87. XtZ-XZ- zn-mb {_m-Wx ]cn-{hPy ]cn-{hm- \n, Al-mcw acw Khw ZmZm-Cjy Akqb C
tUI imSo apWvtUm ]cn{Klx icoc ti tZzjw kpJw ZpxJ Imaw t{Im[w tem`w tamlw Ch
klnjvW p tZ-Y hm bYm-h n-[ n-t- m-X -c q] shSnp kzio-c-cs ihw t]mse IcpXn B-Nn
[tcm `qXzm k ]p{X an{X-If - m-{Xm]vX _zm Zo\n am{Xw ssIsmv Bscbpw \a-kvI- cn-msX btam
k zm[ y mbw k h amW n k \ y m- k y mbw {imtam A\pjvTnmsX Bcp-sSbpw kvXpXn \nm-
{_mWvUw N khw Iu]\w ZWvUa - m-m-Z\w ZnI KWn-msX Ign-b-Ww. GI-\mbn kzX-{-ambn
N Xyzm Zzz-kl - n-jvWp \ ioXw \ tNmjvWw Nnnv kzbw e`n-p--Xn Xr]vXn-s-S-Ww. {Zhy kw{K-
kpJw \ ZpxJw \ \n{Zm \ am\h amt\ N jUqn- l-a-cp-Xv. Bhm-l-\-hn-k-\m-Zn-I ]mSn-. a{w kzoI-
hPn tXm \nm-l-mc acx KhZw t`jym cn-p-Itbm [ym\w sNm-sX, Dt]-n-p-Itbm eym
kqtb-m-tZzj kpJ ZpxJ Ima-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-lm- ey kwtbmK hntbmK Nn ssIhn-S -W w. Hcp
Zo hnkrPy kzh]px ihm-I m-c - a nh kparXzm m\p Xs Xma-kn-p-Itbm t]mhp-Itbm ]mSn-.
kzhy-Xn-cnw ka-_-ln-ca - -\y-am\x Ikym]n Xt-Xmbn hotSm B{i-atam ]mSn-. nc-_p-n-bm-bn-cn-
h-\-a-IrXzm \ \a-kvImtcm \ kzmlm-Imtcm \ -Ww. iq\y Krlw, hr-aq-ew, tZhm-e-bw, IpSn, Ipi-
kz[m-Imtcm \ \nmkvXp Xn bmZr-ntIm `th- hs hoSv, An-tlm{X ew \Zo-Xocw aWn-,
Zy-Zr-m-em-`-k-pjv Sx kphm-Zo ]cn-{K-tl-- ` q Kr - l w, K pl , A cp - h n, D X m\ w, h \ w
hm-l\w \ hnkP\w \ a{w \ a{w \ [ym\w FhnsSbmbmepw B{ibw Inn-bm Xma-kn-mw. tizX
t\m]m-k\w \neyw \meyw \ ]rYIv \m]r- tIXp, E`p, \nZm-L, Zp`m-km-hp, kwh-I, Zm-
YIv \ Xz\y{X kh- {Xm- \ n-t IXx nc- a Xnx t{X-b, ssch-X-I XpS-n-b-h-sc-tmse {]tXyI Nn-
iq\ym Kmc hr-aq-e-tZ-h -K r-l -Xr-W -I q-S-Ip-e me an-msX Bcm-s Wv Xncn- -d n-bm Ign-b m- -hn[w
imemn t]m{X imemn ZnK-c \Zo-X-S] - p-fn\ _me, D-, ]nim-N Ch-bvsmw s]cp-am-dmw.
N P

I ZWvUw, kn, ]m{Xw, Ia-WvU-ew, ISn-kq-{Xw, Iu]o-
\w, Ch-sbmw "`qkzmlm' Fp- ]- dv Pe-m \nt-
]n--Ww. ZnKw-_-c\
- mbn k-cn-mw. Zzz-`mhw shSn-b-
Ww. \nXyw {_-Nm-cnXzw hln-W - w. lrZb ipn-
tbmsS Inp--Xp-am{Xw Ignv em`m-em` Nn-Iq-SmsX
B-_w am{Xw ]pen Ignb-Ww. kzbw {_-
kz-cq] amsWv IcpXn tIhew {_ss
Nnnp sImn-cn- - W w. {Xnhn[ imco- cm-l - mcw
shSnp khYm {]m]-nI _- hnt-Znv tZl-
XymKw sN-Ww. Cs\ Ign-bp k\ym-kn-bmWv IrX-
Ir-Xy-s\v D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
\memw D]-tZiw
1. Xzz temImw thZmw hnj-bm\o
{nbmWn N
A-t\y-h-ntXm bkvXp k bmXn ]camw KXnw
2. \ma-tKm-{Xm-Zn-hc
- Ww tZiw Imew {ipXw Ipew
htbm hrw {hXw ioew hym]tb ssh kZyXnx
3. \ kw`m-tjXv kv{Xnbw ImnXv ]qh ZrjvSmw
N \ kvatcXv
IYmw N hP-tb-mkmw \ ]tiyn JnXm-a]n
4. GX--Xp-jvSbw tamlmXv kv{XoWm-am-
N-ctXm btXx
Nnw hn{In-b-tXhiyw XZzn-Im-cmXv {]W-ky-Xn.
temI- , thZ-, hnj-b-, C{n-b-kpJw Ch
Dt]-nv B-n-X\ - mb k\ymkn ]c-aK - Xn {]m]n-
p-p. Xs t]cv, Ipew, tKm{Xw, tZiw, Ah-, ioew,
{hXw, imkv{X-m\w Fn-h-sb-p-dnv BtcmSpw ]d-
b-cp-Xv. kv{XoI-fp-ambn kwkm-cn-p-Itbm ]qh-]-cn-Nn-X-
bmb kv{Xosb kvacn-p-Itbm kv{XoI-fpsS Nn{X-
ImWp-Itbm Ah-cp-a mbn Ntbm ]mSn- . ImcWw
kv{Xosb kw_-n-p Nbpw Nnbpw Ah-cp-am-
bp khpw hnIm-c - sf Do-]n-n-mw. Abmsf
tbmK-{`-jvS-\m-m CsXmw CS-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv.
5. XrjvWm t{Imt[m \rXw ambm tem`
tamlu {]nbm-{]ntb
inev]w hymJym\ tbmK Imtam cmK-]c - n-{Klx
6. Al-mtcm aaXzw N NnInm [ kmlkw
{]mb-nw {]bm-k a{u-j-[-]-cm-injx
7. {]Xn-jn-m\n ssNXm\n tkh-amt\m {htP-Z[x
BK K-Xn-jvtTXn kzmKXw krlr-tZm]nhm
8. km-\\w N \ {_qbmXv ap\n tam
]cm-bWx
{]Xn-{Klw \ Kr-lvWo-bmXv ss\h Nm\yw {]Zm-
]- tbXv
N P
514
9. t{]c-tbZzm Xbm `npx kz]vt\ ]n \ K
IZm-N\
Pmbm {`Xr kpXm-Zo\mw _p\mw N ip`m-ip`w
10. {ipXzm ZrjvSzm \ ItX timI lju
XytP-ZyXnx
Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXb {_-Nc - ym-]-cn-{Klx
11. A\u-X - y-a-Zo-\Xzw {]km-Zx-ss-cy-amPhw
Akvt\tlm Kpcp-ip-{iqjm {im ImnZ-ax-iax
12. Dt]m ss[cy-am-[ptcy XnXnm
IcpWm XYm
lokvXYm m\-hn-mt\ tbmtKm eLy
i\w-[rXnx
13. Gj kz[tm hnJymtXm bXo-\m,
\nb-Xm--\mw.
\nZz-tzm-\nXy kzx kh{X ka-Zi\x
tamlw, aa-X, amb, tem`w, XrjvW, t{Im[w, Ak-
Xyw, cmKw, Al-m-cw, B{K-lw, kw{K-lw, ]vkwKw,
inev]w, NnIn-, hyh-km-bw, ]c-Kr-lh - mkw, {]mb-n-
w, Huj-[h - n-X-cW
- w, a{-{]-tbmKw hnj-{]-tbm-Kw,
[- km-lkw BiohmZw Fnh k\ym- kn-amv \njn-
-am-Ip-p. AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn {]hn-p-h -
kz[-Nyp-X\ - m-Ipw. tamw B{K-ln-p k\ymkn
kplr- p- sf kzmKXw sNp- Itbm _lp- am- \n- p-Itbm
IqsS Xma-kn-n-p-Itbm Acp-Xv. Zm\w kzoI-cn-c - p-Xv.
`mcy-]p-{X ktlm-Z-c XpS-nb {]nb P\--fpsS
ip`mip` hm- I tIp-I tbm ImWp- I tbm
sNbvXpw Nm-ey- n- \n- S-sIm-Sp-- cp-Xv. lj-tim-Im- Zn- I
shSn-b-Ww. Alnw-k, kXyw, AkvtX-bw, {_-Nc - yw,
A]-cn-{K-lw, AssZ-\yw, imn, {]k--X, nc-X, kc-
f-X, kvt\lw, Kpcp-ip-{iq-j, {i, a, C{n-b-\n-{K-
lw, at\m-\n-{K-lw, DZm-ko-\-X, [oc-X, am[p-cyw, kln-
jvWp-X, Icp-W, e, Aev]m-lm-cw, m\-hn-\
]cm-b-WX Ch-bn-semw kw\ymkn {]tXyIw {i sNep-
t-- Xm-W.v
14. Xpcobx ]c-tam-lwkx kmmm
cmbtWm bXnx
GI-cm{Xw htk-Zv{Kmta \Ktc ]-cm-{XIw
15. hjm-t`ym\y{X hjmkp amkmw
NXptcm htkXv
Zzncm{Xw hm htk-Zn-{Kmta `npbZn htk-Zm
16. cmKm-Zbx {]k-tPycw kvtX\mku
\mcIo `thXv
{Kmamt \nt\ tZti \nb-Xmm \ntIX\x
17. ]cy-tSXv IoS-hZv `qau hjm-tkzI {X
kwh-tkXv

I GI-hmkm Ahmkm hm GI. ZrjvSn ctem-ep]x
18. AZq-j-b kXmw amw [ym\ bptm
alow NtcXv
ipNu tZxi kZm `npx kz[ a\p-]m-e-b
19. ]cy-tSX kZm-tbmKo ho-b hkp-[m-Xew
\ cm{Xu \ N a[ym-tl\ ky-tbm
ss\h ]cy-S
20. \iqt\y \ N Zpt hm {]mWn
_m[m-Itc \ N
GI cm{Xw htkZv {Kmta ]t\ Xp Zn\-{Xbw
21. ]ptc Zn\-Zzbw `np \Ktc ]-cm-{XIw
hjm-tkz-I{X XnjvtTX mt\
]pWy-P-em-hrtX
22. B-hXv kh `qXm\n ]iy `np
tclow
A-hX - vPU
- h
- s
- sh _[n-tcm- aqI-h-Xv.
23. kv\m\w {Xnj-hWw t{]mw _lp-ZI
h\-tbmx
lwtk Xp kIr-tZ-h-kymXv ]c-lw-tk\ hnZytX
kXz-Kp-W, ka-Zin, Zzzm-Xo-X, Xpcn-bm-{i-a-n-
X Cu \ne-bn-ep ]c-a-lwkw k\ymkn \mcm-b-Ws
kmmXv kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn
\K-c- n Ap-cm{Xn C{Xtb k\ymkn Xma-kn-m-
hq. Fm hjImev Cu \nbaw _m[-I-a - .
NmXpm-kym-amb Av Htc m\v Xma-kn-mw.
Gsd Hcn-Sp Xma-kn-p-tm cmKm-Zn-I Dm-Ipw.
AXv \cI {]m]vXnv Imc-Wa - m-Ipw. {Kma-ns Hcp
`mKv X\nsb PntX-{n-b-\mbn Ign-b-Ww. Fp-am-khpw
IoS-n-s\mv k-cn--Ww. GI hkv{X-[m-cntbm ZnKw-
_-ct\m BImw. Nmeyw ]mSn-. hnj-b-Nn-m-cl - n-X-
\mbn Zym\\nc-X-\m- I-Ww. At[m-Zr-jvSn-bm-bn-cn-pI cm{Xn-
bnepw a[ym--nepw ky-I-fnepw bm{X th. iq\y
Zp-a- m-\- ssIshSn-b-Ww. hj-Im-ev hnip-
-m\w tXS-Ww. kh-`q-X--sfbpw X\nv ka-ambn
ImW-Ww. A, _[n-c, aqI, PU, {`m Fn-
h-sc-t]mse Fm _mly-Zr-iy--fn\npw A\-`n--
\m-I-Ww. _lp-Z-I\pw h\-hm-kn-bmb bXnbpw {Xnk-y-
I-fnepw kv\m\w sNp-p. lwk\n kv\m\w Hcn-
aXn. ]c-a-lw-km-h
- -bn kv\m\m-Zn-I Bh-iy-an-.
24. au\w tbmKm-k\w tbmK-kX- nXn
ssIm--io-eXm
\nx kv]rlXzw kaXzw N kv]ssX
Xmt\yI ZWvUn\mw
25. ]c-lw-km-{ia tmln kv\m\m tZc-hn-[m-\Xx
Atij Nn hro\mw XymKw tIhe amN-tcXv
N P
515
26. XzMv amwk cp[n-ck
- v\mbp am tatZmn K
kwlXu hnaq-{X-]qtb caXmw {InaoWmw
Inb-Z
- -ca
27. Iz ico-c-a-ti-jmWmw tjvam-Zo\mw alm-Nbx
Iz NmwK-tkm-`m-ku-`mKy Ia-\obm Ztbm KpWx
28. amwkm-krIv ]qb-hnaq{X kv\mbp-am
nkw-lXu
tZtl tNXv {]oXn-am aqtVm `hnXm \ctI
]n kx
29. kv{XoWm-a-hmNy tZiky n-\mUo
{hWky N
AtZtZy ]n at\m-t`-Zm-\x {]mtbW hWy-tX.
30. Na JWvUw Zzn[m-`n-a
- -]m-t\m-ZvKmc [q]nXw
tb can \akvtX`yx kmlkw InaXx ]cw
31. \ Xky hnZytX Imcyw \ enwKm hm hn]-nXx
\ntam \n`bx imtm \nZz-tm
h t`mP\x
32. ap\nx Iu]o\ hmkmx kytm hm [ym\-X-
ev]cx Ghw m\-]tcm tbmKo {_
`qbmb Iev]t- X.
a\-\w, tbmKw, Bk-\w, GIm--tk-h-\w, XnXo
\nkv]r-l-X, aa-X, Cu Ggp Imcy- GI-ZW - vU-Im-cn-
I-fmb k\ym-kn-am Xo-bmbpw A\p-jvTn-W - w. ]c-a-
lw-km-h--bn-se-n-b-h\v kv\m\mZn I- A\n-
hm-cy-a- . Ah\v Nn-hrn ]cn-XymKw Xs t{ib-
kvIcw amwk-c N \mUo-tatZm amn \nn-
X-amb ico-c-n can-p a\p-jypw ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I-
fn InS-p Iran-Ipw Xn Fp-t`Zw? icocw
shdp-p-m-p I^m-Zn- I-fpsS Iqm-c-am-Wv. AXn-sep
ku-cy-amWv? hrn-sI ]Zm--fpsS ka-hm-b-amb
Cu i-co-cs t{]an-p a\p-jys t{]aw \c-I-n-
em- Wv. kv{XoI-fpsS Ahm- Ny--fmb AwK-pw No-
fn {hW-pw Xn Hcp t`Z-hp-an-s-nepw a\p-
jy am\-knI hn{`-a-m hn-X-cm-Ip-p. k\ymkn
bmsXmcp Nnhpw hln-c - p-Xv. Ah\v Hcp Ihpw
sNt-X - m-bn-n-. `bw, aa-X, Zzz-Nn Ch hnv im-
\mbn Ah `-WmZn Nn-If - n \nv hnap-\- m-bn-
cn-p-p. ZnKw-_-c\ - mtbm Iu]o-\-[m-cn-bmtbm Ah
[ym\n-- Ww. Cs\ m\-hr-n-bn apgp-Inb tbmKn
{_-`m-h-n\v Al-\m-Ip- p.
33. enwtK kXy-]n-J-ez-kvan m\-tah
lnIm-cWw
\ntm-m-tbl `qXm\mw
enwK-{Kmtam \ncIx
 516

I 34. b-kw \ Nmkw \m{ip-Xw\ _lp-{ipXw kzim-Jm-\p-KX - a- ss{ cjvS-{im-m-\yjvS Znt\jp K

\ kphrw \Zphrw thZInXv hm GI-Znt\ hm ]nXr-bm-tKm hn[m-t\\ {_m-
k {_mWx Wm- \ - ` y `pyw bYm- h n[n \nhy
]nWvU{- ]-Zm-\m\n \nhy ZnWm-Xmw-_qsse
35. Xkvam-Z-enwtKm [tm {_-hr-
kvtXmj-bnXzm {_m-Wm t{]j-bnXzm Atij
-a-\p-{hXw
I knyw tIim k{]m-j vS[m ZznPx
KqV [m-{intXm hnZzm\ m\ NcnXw kwn]y hm]-tbXv ]qhw tIi-iva-{ip-\-Jm\n
Ntc-Xv. N CXn k]vX -t I-i m kwcy Itm-]
36. knKv[x kh-`q-Xm\mw hm-{ia hw uc-]qhIw kv\mXzm kmbw-kym
hnhnXx h\w \nhXy kl-{k-lm-b{Xo P]vXzm {_-
A-h - U - h
- - m]n aqI-h alow NtcXv bw \nhXy kzm[o-\mn ap]-m]y kzim-
37. Xw ZrjvSzm im-a-\kw kv]rl-bo tJm-]-kw-lc - Ww IrXzm-X-Zp--{]-Im-tcW BPym-
Znhu-Ikx lpXn amPy- ` m-Kmw lpXzm-lpXn hn[nw kam]y
Bm-Zn-`n-kv{Xn-hmcw kp-{]miv\w IrXzm AN-
enwKm-`m-hmp ssIh-ey-anXn {_m-\p
a-\ -] qh-I -anw kwcy kzb-a-tcp cXx
-im-k\w CXn
IrjvWm Pnt\m-]cn nXz ]pcmW {ihW ]qh-
m\w Xs-bmWv k\ym-k-nepw tam-n\v Iw. PmK-cWw IrXzm NXp-bm-amt kv\mXzm
Imc-Ww. m\w IqSmsX hn`n Nn- [cn-p- ZIu Ncpw {i]-bnXzm ]pcp-j-kp-t-\m-ky
Xv \nc-I-am-W.v {_-m-\n-bm-Is km[p, Akm- tjmU-imlp Xn lpXzm hncPm tlmaw IrXzm
[p, aqJ, hnZzm, kphr-, Zphr- Cu t`Z- AYm-N ay kZ- nWw hkv{Xw kph-]m{Xw
_p-n-sbm-p-an-m--h-\m-W.v AXn-\m k\ymkn Nn- t[\pw ZXzm-k-am]y {_tm-Zzm-k\w IrXzm kw
-sfm-p-an-msX {_-Nn-m-]-c-\m-I-Ww. A\yv amkn-p acpXx kan{x kw_r-l-kv]Xn kw
ImW---hn-[-n-em-bn-cn-t Ahs tbmKm-Zr-\p- amb-a nx kn-X zm-bp-j mN [t\\ N _te\
jvTm-\-, hm-{i-a--Xo-X-\m-bn, A-_-[n-c-aq- Nmbp-j va x ItcmXp ta CXn bmt{X At
Im-Zn-Ismw Ah k-cn--Ww. Cs\ {]im bnbm X\p kvXtb-lym-tcm-lm-y-\m-m\w
Nn-\mb kw\ym-knsb Zin-p tZh-m BPo-hnX Am hkq-\n-Ir-Wz--kta \cym ]pcqWn btm
hrn sImXn-p-p. B-`m-h-n \npw `n-ambn `qXzm b-am-koZ kzmw tbm\nw PmX-thtZm `ph
Hn\pw AkvXn-Xz-an-s Nn a\-n DZbw sImp- BPm-b-am\x k b G[n-Xy-t\-\mn B-\ym-
tm ssIheyw knn-p-p. {_-XXzmI-amb D]- tcm]y [ymXzmnw {]Z-nW \a-kvImc ]qh-I-
tZiw CXm-Wv. aq-Zzmky {]mXx kym-ap-]mky kl{k Kmb{Xn
]qhIw kqtcym-] - m-\w IrXzm \m`n-Z-Lvt\m-Z-
38. AY \mcZx ]nXm-alw k\ymk hn[n. t\m I-ap-]-hn-hn-iy-jvS-Zn-Iv]m-eI - mLy ]qhIw Kmb-
{_qloXn ]{]-. ]nXm-a-l x-X -tYXyw Ko IrXy {Xyp-Zzm-k\w IrXzm kmhn{Xow hym]r-Xnjp {]th-
BXptc hm {Ita hm]n Xpco- b m-{ ia kzoIm- i-bnXzm Alw hrky tccnhx Ionx ]rjvTw
cmw IrNv{] {]mb-n ]qh-Ia - jvS {imw Kntc-cnh Du[z-]h - n-t{Xm, hmPn-\o-hkz arX-a-kvan
Ipcym-t-hjn Znhy-a-\pjy `qX ]nXr am{Xt {Zhn-Ww. ta kh kwkp-ta[m Aar-tXm-nXx
Xyjv S {imm\n IpcymXv {]Ya kXy hkp CXn {Xni-tm thZm\p hN\w b-k - m-ar-jt`m
kw-I m hnizm tZh tZh-{imt {_ hniz-cq] Otm-t`ym[yar XmXv kw_-`ph k ta
hnjvWp atl-izcm Ejn {imt tZhjn {Xn- Ct{m ta[bm kv] rtWmXp Aar-X ky tZh-[m-
bjn a\p-jyjo Znhy-{imt hkp-cp-{`m-Zn-Xy- ctWm `qbmkw icocw ta hnNjWw Znlzm ta
cq-]m a\p-jy-{imt kuI-k\ - - \ k\-XvIp-amc a[p-a - -am. Im-`ym-`q-c n-hn-{ihw {_-W x-tI-
k\-Xvk p-P m-X `qX-{imt ]rYn hymZn ]-a- timkn ta[-bm]n lnXx {ipXw ta tKm]mb Zmtc-
lm-`q-Xm\n Np-cymZn Ic-Wm\n NXphn-[-`qX j-W m-bm hnt-j Wm bm temtI-j -W m-
{Kam ]nXr-{im-t, ]nXr-]n-Xm-al {]]n-Xm-a-lm bm hypn-tXm-lw. Hmw `pxk-\ykvXw abmx Hmw
amXr {imt amXr ]nXm-alo {]]n-Xm-a-lo-cm-- `phx k\y-kvXw-abm Hmw kphx k\ykvXw abm
{imt B ]nXr-]n-Xm-a-l PohXv ]nXr-Iiv Hmw `q`qhx kph k\y-kXw k\ykvXw atbXn
tNzXv ]nXcw Xzzm B ]nXm-al {]]n-Xm-a- a{ a[ya Xme P[z-\ n-`n a\-k m-h m-tNm- mcy
lm-\nXn kh{X bp IvW p]vX ym {_m-Wm- A`bw kh-` q-tX-t`m-ax khw {]htX
\-t b-tZz-Z m-[ zc ]t AjvSm-[ z-c -] t hm kzmtl Xyt\\ Pew {]miy {]mNymw Znin

N P
 517

I ]qtm-RvPenw {]n]y Hmw kzmtlXn inJm- sebpw tcmaw If-b-cp-Xv. ap-I-p-tijw kv\m\w K
ap-Xv]mZy btm-]h - oXw ]caw ]hn{Xw {]Pm-]- sNbvXp kmbwky-bn Bbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn a{w
tXb klPw ]pc-kvXmXv Bbp-jy-a{Kyw {]Xn- P]n-W - w. ]ns {_-bmKw sNbvXv An m]\w
ap ip{`w btm-]-h oXw _e-akvXp tXPx \nh-ln-W - w. kzw imJ D]-kw-l-cn-p. BZy-`mKw
btm- ] - h oX _ln \ \nh- t kkv X z ax hsc LrXm-lpXn thWw. lh\w ]qn-bm-bm hdp
{]hniy at[y lyP{kw ]caw ]hn{Xw btim-_ew amhns aqv Dcpf `n-p-Ibpw B Na\w sNbvXv
m\-ssh-cmKyw ta[mw {]b-tXn btm-]- An-bn kanv Cv, An-bpsS D-c`- m-K-mbn
hoXw OnXzm DZ-Im-RvPe - n\w kl Hmw `qx kap{Zw IrjvW arK-tm-en-en-cpp ]pcmW IYm-{i-hWw \nh-
K k zml - t K - X y ] v k p P ql p - b mXv Hmw `qx lnv cm{Xn DWn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. ]ns cm{Xn-bnse
k\ykvXw abm. Hmw `qhx k\ykvXw abm. Hmw \mew bma- n kv\m\w sNbvXv AtX An-bn Xs
kphx k\ykvXw abm CXn {Xncpzm {Xnhm-ca - - Ncp ]mI-s-Spn ]pcpj kq-nse tjmU-i-a-{-
`n-a{ X-ew {]mm-Nay Hmw `qx kzmtl-Xy]vkp -fm Ncp-hns ]Xn-\mdp Blp-Xn-I \nt-]nv
hkv{Xw ISn-kq-{X-a]n hkrPy kh-I -\n-hr- hncP F tlmaw sNbvXv BN-a\w ZnW hkv{Xw,
- tImlanXn kva rXzm PmX cq]- [ -t cm-` qXzm kphw, ]m{Xw, ]ip Fnh Zm\w sN-Ww. {_tm-
kzcq-] m-\ p-k- m-\ -] qh-I -aq[z _mlp-c p-ZoNnw Zzm-k-\-n-\p-tijw An-bpsS B[n-ssZ-hn-I-cq]w Xs
Kt-Xv. Bm-hn {]Xn-jvTn--Ww. ]ns An-[ym\w \a-
kvImcw Chbvp tijw Ah An-im-e-bn hkPn-
]ns \mc-Z hopw {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""`K-
-Ww. {]mX--y-bn Bbncw Dcp Kmb{Xn P]nv
h, k\ym-k-hn-[n-sb-n ]d-p-X-cm Zb-hp-m-IWw''
kqtcym-] - m\w sNp-I. \m`n-hsc Pe-n \np-
AXp-tIv {_mhv ]dp: ""BXp-c-k-\ym-ktam {Ia-
sImv AjvS-Zn-I] v m-e-mv ALyw \I-Ww. at{m-
k-\ym-ktam kzoI-cn-p-X - n\v BZyw {]mb-n--sa
m-c-W-n-\p-tijw "A`-bw...' Fp XpS-p a{-
\ne-bn Ir{m-Zn{hX-f\ - p-jT v n--Ww. ]ns tZh-m,
m BN-a\w sNbvXp ]qhm-`n-ap-J-ambn \nv ARvP-
aljn-am, Znhy-m, a\p-jy, `qX-, ]nXr-,
en-\n-dp Pew t{]mWw sNbvXv "Hmw kzmlm...' Fp-
amXmhv, Bmhv Fn-s\ Fp- t]v thn {imw
-cnv inJ-bn tijn-n-p tcma-fpw ]ngp-Xp-If - b
- -
sN-Ww. kXyw Fpw hkp Fpw t]cp hniz-tZ-h-
Ww. ]ns btm-]-hoXw tOZnp Pem-RvP-en-tbmsS
msc Blzm\w sNbvX v tZh-{im- -n {_- mhv
Pe-n Hgp-p-I. Hmw `q... XpS-nb a{- aqp
hnjvWp atlizc-msc Blzm\w sN-Ww. Ejn {im-
{]mhiyw D-cnp sImv BN-a\w \S-p-I. Hmw `qx
n tZhjn-am a\pjy Ejn-am, cmPjn-am Fn-
kzmlm' Fp--cnv hkv{Xhpw ISn-kq-{Xhpw Pe-n
hsc Blzm\w sN-Ww. Znhy-{im- - n AjvS-h-kp-
Dt]-n-p-I. AtXm-sSmw Cs\ Nnn-p-I. ""Rm
, GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z- m, ZzmZ-i m-Zn-Xy- m Fn-hsc
I--sfmw Dt]-n-n-cn-p-p.'' ]ns ZnKw-_-c-\mbn
Blzm\w sN-Ww. am\-h{- im--n k\-I, kZm-\-
B-hn-Nn-\w sNbvXv ssII apI-fn-te-bvmn hS-
, k\-XvIp-am-c, k\-p-Pm-X Ch-scbpw hnfn--
p-Znp t\mn bm{X-sN-p-I.
Ww. `qX-{im--n ]rYzn XpSnb ]-`q-X--sfbpw
t\{Xm-Zn-I-fmb C{n-b--sfbpw Pcm-bp, PcmZn \mep hn[- 39. ]qhh hZzXv k\ymko tNZv Kptcmx kIm
n-ep Pohn-I-sfbpw hnfn--Ww. ]n-{im--n imXv {]Wh hmtIym-]-tZ-iw. {]m]y bYm-kpJw
]nXmhv ]nXm-a-l {]]n-Xm-al - F-\-h-scbpw amXr- hnl-c a In-mt\ym hyXn-cn CXn ^e-
{im--n amXmhv amXm-aln Fn-hs - cbpw hnfn--Ww. ]-t{Xm-Z-Im-lm-cx ]h-X-h\ - t- Z-h-Xm-e-tbjp k-
B-{im--n Xsbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw ]nXm-a-l- tcXv k\ym-kymY Zn\w-_ cx kIe km-c -I .
sbpw {imw sN-Ww. ]nXmhv Pohn-n-cn-p-Ib - m-sW- k h - ` m- \ - - k zm- \ p - ` - s s h I ] q l r Z bx
n At-l-ns {imw sNmsX Xsbpw ]nXm- ImXn Zqc-e m`x {]mWm-bma ]cm-bWx ^e-c-
al-sbpw {]]n-Xm- a-l-sbpw {imw sN-Ww. AjvS- k-XzIv ]{X-aq-tem-ZssIx tammo Kncn I-
{im-s Htc A\p-jvTm-\-ns AwK-amn Cu cv tcjp hnkr-tP-tlw kvacw kvXmc-Iw. hnhn-Znjzm
F {Ia-n {_m-Wsc Wnv Ahsc ]qPn-- k\ymko tN X]Yw KXzm BNm-cym-Zn-`nhn-ss{]-
Ww. AjvS {im- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw A\p-jvTn- kvXnjv T XnjvT alm-`mK ZWvUw hkv{Xw Ia-
p ]w Xs imJ-bns] a{- aptJ\ Fp Wv U ew KrlmW {]Wh alm hmIy {Kl-
Znh-kw-sImtm Hcp Znhkw sImtm A\p-jvTn-mw. Wmw Kpcp-\n-IS amKt XymNm-sscy ZWvU
{_mW ]qP, t`mP\w XpS-nb I--sfmw bYm- ISn kq{X Iu]o\w imSn-taImw Ia-WvUepw ]mZm-
hn[n ]qn-bmn ]nWvU-Zm\w sN-Ww. XmSn, aoi, Zn-a - k v X I {]am-W -a - {h-W wa kaw kuay- a -I me
\Jw Ch Dt]-n--Ww. I-n-sebpw D]--n- ]rjvTwk eWw sshWhw ZWvUt - aI amN-a-

N P

I \-]qhIw kJm-a m-tKm-] mbu Nx kJm-t b
ko{ky ht{Pmkn hm{XLv\x ia ta `h
bXv ]m]w Xn-hm-ct- bXn ZWvUw ]cn-{K-tl--
K-n-h\w Poh-\m-[m-c`- qXw am tX am a{-bkz
khZm kh- k u- t ayXn {]W- h - ] qhIw Ia-
WvUepw ]cn-Krly Iu]o-\m-[mcw ISn-kq-{X-tam-
anXn Kplym-m-ZIw Iu]o-\-tam-anXn ioX-hm-tXm-
jv W - {Xm-W -I cw tZssl-I -c - - W -t am-a nXn ISn
kq{X Iu]o\ hkv{X-am-Na - -\]
- qhIw tbmK-]- m-
`n-jntm `qXzm IrXmtmlanXn aXzm kzm{i-
am-Nmc ]tcm-`-th-Zn-Xyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.
m\m-`n-em-j-tmsS k\ymkw kzoI-cnpIgn-
m \qd-Sn-\-S--Xn-\p-tijw BNm-cym-Zn-If - psS W-
a-\p-k-cnv ZWvUw, Ia-WvU-ep, hkv{Xw, Fnh kzoI-
cn-p--Xn-\p B sImSp-p--Xn\pw {]W-hm-Zn-a-
{--fpsS D]-tZiw {ihn-p--Xn\pw Ww Inn-b-
Xns\ XpSv k\ymkn BNm-cys\ kao-]n-p-Ibpw
BNm-cy sImSp ZWvUw, Ia-WvU-ep, Iu]o-\w, Ac-
m, Nc-Sv, ]pXv Fnh kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sN-
Ww. apf-h-Sn-bmWv ZWvU-ambn sImSp-p- Xv. AXv Imap-
X inc-p-hsc s]m-ap--Xm-bn-cn--Ww. Xpf-bn-msX
an\pan\pv t{ijv T - a mb B ZWv U w Idpp\nd-
apXmIcpXv. CsXmw kzoI-cn--Xn-\p-tijw BN-an-
tXmWv. A\-cw \nn-jvT-a{w D-cnv ZWvUw hm-k \mw temI-hm-k\mw Xyzm ha-\ m- -anh
ssIbn-se-Sp-v DNn-X-amb A\p-jvTm\w \n-ln-Ww.
BN-a\w sNbvXv Xm tbmK ]m-`n-jn--\mbn Fv
hnNmcnv kzm{i- am-Nmc]c-\mbn Pohn-tXmWv. CXmWv
D]-\n-j-ns A\p-im-k-\w.
]-tam-]-tZiw
1. AY ssl\w ]nXm-alw \mcZx ]{]-, `K-h
kh I \nhIx k\ymk CXn-X zssb
thmx ]p\x kzm{i-am-Nm-c] - tcm `th-Zn-Xyp-Nyp-tX.
XXx ]nXm-al Dhm-N. ico-cky tZlnt\m Pm{KXv
kz]v\ -kp-j p]vXn Xpco-bm-hx kn-X-Z[ - o\mx
Ia-m\ sshcm-Ky-{]-hIm ]pcpjm P-
h-kvX-Z\p Ipem-Nmcmx kn-Xs - sYh tNZv `K-h
k\ymkmx IXn-t`Zm kvXZ-\p-jvTm-\-t`-Z. IoZr-im-
kvX X kva mIw hp al-k o-X n. XtY-X ywKo
IrXy Xp ]nXm-a-tl\
\mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSp tNmZn-p. ""`K-h, Av
k\ymkw kh-I \nh-I-sapw AtXm-sSmw
Xs B{i-a-n-\n-W- nb BNm-c - kwc-n-W - -
sapw ]d- p. AXns hni-Z o-I -cWw \IWw
{_mhv ]dp: tZl- [m-cn-bmb Pohnv Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w
kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo \mev Ah-I - -fmWp-Xv.
Ch-bn Iw m\w sshcmKyw XpSnb-h-bpsS
N P
518
{]h-\hpw \S-p-p. Fm Pohn-Ifpw Cu \me-h-
K
-Is - fbpw B{i-bnv Ah-m-\p-Iqew Pohn-p-p.
k\ym-ko, {_-Nm-cn, Krl-, hm\-{]- Ch-sc-
sImv tkh-\ob kvam I- \nh-ln-n-p-
p. AXp-t]mse k\ymk-n-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn {ih-W-a-\-
\-\ n- Z n-[ ym-k -\ - fpw Bh-i y- a m-W v. B A`n-{ ]m-b -
memWv k\ymkn B{i-a - n-\-v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-s
{]hn-p-p-shv ]d-X - v. ""\mc-Z ]d-p. ""`K-
h, C\n k\ym-k-ns t`Z--sf--nbpw Ah-bpsS
A\p- j vT m- \ - n- e p A- c- -s f- - nbpw ]dp
XctW.''
27. k\ym- k - t `- s sZ- c m- N m- c - t `- Z . IY- a nX
tNz XkvtXzI Gh k\ymkx Am-t\-
\m-i - n-h -i mXv I-t em-] - - s s{X-h n- [ y- taXp
sshcmKy kw\ym-kmZv m\ k\ymtkm m\
sshcmKy k\y-kx Ia k\ym-k-Xn NmXp
hn[y-ap-]m-KX kvXZy-tYXn ZpjvT-a-Z-\m-`m-th-tXn
hnj-b-ssh-jvWy-taXy {]mIv]pWy I himXv
k\ykv X x k sshcmKy k\ymko imkv { X
m\mXv ]m]-]pWy temIm-\p-`-h{- i-h-WmXv {]]-
tm-] -cXx t{Imt[jym-kq-bml mcm-`n-a m-\m-
tI kh-kw-kmcw \nhrXy Zmtc-jW - m-[t- \-
j-Wm, temtI-j-Wm-tI tZlhmk\mw imkv{X-
{]Ir-Xobw kh-anZw tlbw aXzm, km[\ NXp-
jvSb ktm bx kw\y-kyXn k Gh m\
k\ym-k n. {ItaW kh-a -`ymkn kh-a -\ p-`qb
m\ sshcm-Kym`yw kzcq-]m-\p-k - m-t\\ tZl-
am-{X-hi
- n-tjSx k\yky PmX-cq-] -[-tcm-`-hXn k
m\ sshcmKy k\ymko {_-Ncyw kam]y
Krlo `qXzm hm\- { ]- m- { i- t aXp sshcmKy
k\ymkn {_-N cyw kam]y Krlo-`qXzm hm\-
{]-m-{i-tatXy sshcmKy `mth ]ym{ia-{I-a m-
\p-km-tcW bx k\ym-ky-kw-\ymkm mX-cq-] -
[tcm sshcm- K y- k - \ ym- k o. hnZzXv k\ymko
m\ k\ymko hnhn-Z njm k\ymko I-k-
\ym-ko.
{_mhv ]dp: Rm C\n k\ym-km-{ia t`Z-
sfn ]d-bmw. bYm-n k\ymkw Hcp {]Im-c-
nte Dq. ]t APvRm\w Akm-ayw I-
tem`w Ch-bm AXn\v At\I cq]- Dm-bnpv.
sshcmKy k\ym-kw, m\k\ymkw, m\-ssh-cmKy
k\ym-kw, I k\ymkw Fns\ \mep-Xc-am-Wv.
a\-nse ZpjnX `mh\ amdn hnj-b-hn-cn hv ]qh-
P--kp-Ir-X - -fmb kXvI--fpsS ^e-ambn hnc-n-
tbmsS k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p--h-\mWv sshcmKy k\ym-
kn. imkv{ X-m-\-m-t em, A\-`hPvR m\-mtem
kzm`m-hn- I-ambpw {]]--tmSp hncn tXmn-b-h-\mWv

I m\ k\ym-kn. tIm]w, Cujy, Akq-b, Al-mcw
Fnh tN hnizs AIn kv{Xo[-\J - ymXn Ima-
\-I-fn \npw ap-\m-bn-p--h\pw tZlm ImZn-hm-
k-\ -I XyPn- -h -\ p-amWv m\-k -\ ym-k n. kIe
imkv{X-fpw A`y-knv A\p-`-h-m\w t\Sn m\
sshcm-Ky-m B-kz-cq-][ - ym-\]
- c
- -\mbn ZnKw-_-c-\m-
bn-cn-p--h sshcm-Ky-k-\ym-kn-bmWv. {_-Ncyw Ah-
km-\ n- nv Krl- m-{ iaw ]cn- ] m- e nv hm\-{ ]- -
n\npw k\ymkw kzoI-cn--h I-k-\ym-kn-bm-
Wv. {_-Nc - y-n\p tijw k\ymkw ssIsImv ZnKw-
_-c-\m-bn-o-cp--h sshcmKy k\ym-kn. hnZzXv k\ym-
knsb m\ k\ym- kn- sbpw ]d-bpw. hnhn- Znjzm k\ym-
kn-bpsS asmcp t] I k\ymkn Fm-Wv.
8.17. I- k - \ ym- t km]n Zznhn[x \nan
kw\ymtkm A\n-an kw\ym-kt- Xn \nan--
kvX zm-Xp-c x A\n-a n {Ia kw\ymkx BXpcx
kh-I tem]x {]mW tkymXv {ItaW Ime-
k-\ymkx k \nan k\ymkx ZrVmwtKm `qXzm
khw IrXIw \izcanXn tZlm- Z nIw khw
tlbw {]m]y lwkx ipNn- j - Z z- k p- c - - c n
ktymXm thZn-j-`-Xn-Yn Zptcm-W-kXv \rj-Zz-c-
k- Z r- - `- thym- k - Z -_ vP m-t KmPm EXPm A{ZnPm
EXw _rlXv {_-hy-Xn-cnw khw \iz-ca - nXn
\nn-XymtYm {ItaW bx k\y-kyXn k k\ym-
tkm\nan kw\ymkx
k\ymkx jUv hnt[m `hXn IpSo-NtIm _lq-
ZtIm lwkx ]c-a-lwkx Xpco-bm-Xo-tXmAh[q-
X-t-Xn. IpSo-N-Ix inJmb tm]-hoXn ZWvU-
I-a -W vU -e p-[ cm Iu]o- \ -I - m-[ cx ]nXr amXr
Kphm-cm-Z-\-]cx ]nT-c-J-\n{X inIymZn a{-km-[-
\-]c GI-{Xm-m-Z-\-]cx ttXm[z ]pWv{U-[mco
{XnZWvUx _lq-ZIx inJmZn Im-[c kv{Xo]p-
Wv{ U-[ mco ISn-N - I -h Xv kh ktam a[p Ic
h r X y mj vS I _ fmi o l wtk m P Sm- [ mc o
{Xpt{m[z-]p-Wv{U-[mco Akw-Xr]vX a[p-I-cm-
mio Iu]o\ JWvU[ - mco ]c-a-lwkx inJm-b-
b-tm-]h - oX clnXx ] Krl-tjzI cm{Xm-
m-Z\ ]cx Ic-]m{Xn GI-Iu-ho-\-[mco imSo-ta-
Im-taIw sshWhw ZWvU -ta-I -i mSn [tcm hm
`kvtam- q\ ]cx kh-X ym-K o. Xpco-bm-X otXm
tKmapJx ^em-lmco Am-lmco tNZv Krl-{Xtb
tZl- a m-{Xm- h -i njvt Sm ZnKw-_ cx IpW-] -h - -c oc
hrnIx Ah-[q-Xk - vXz-\n-btam `nikvX-]-X nX
h\ ]qhIw kh-htjz PK-c-hr-Xym-lm-
c-]cx kzcq-]m\p km-\-]cx
\nan k\ym-k-sapw A\n-an kw\ym-k-sapw
I kw\ymkw cp-hn-[-n-ep-v. BXpc kw\ymkw
N P
519
Xs \nan k\ymkw: {Ik-\ymkw A\n-an k\ym- K
kw-am-Wv. tcmK-_m-[n-X\- mbn ac-WI - m-ev k\ymkw
kzoI-cn-p- -X mWv \nan k\ym-k w. as- m-sa- -
t]mse ico-chpw \iz-ca - m-sWv km[-I Adn-bp-p.
]c-am-mhv BIm-i-k-m-cn-bmb lwk-am-W.v hkp A-
co km-cn-bm-Wv. thZn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa - mb An
AXmWv: tlXmhpw AXp-X-s. Krs AXn-Yn-bm-
W-Xv. a\p-jy-cnepw AXv Dsm-p-p. kXy-nepw
hnin-jvS-h-kvXp--fnepw AXp-v. BIm-i - nepw Pe-
nepw ]rYzn-bnepw hmWn-bnepw ]h-X-n-ep-samw
AXv {]I-S-am-Ip-p, AXp Xs-bmWv GIhpw ]c-ah - p-
amb kXy- sav ]d-bmw. Cs\ ]c-{_w am{Xta kXy-
am-bn-pq Fv IcpXn {_-sam-gn-p--sXmw \iz-c-
sap IcpXn {Ia-ambn k\ym-km-{i-a - n {]th-in-p-
-h\- mWv A\n-an kw\ym-kn. AXp-t]mse IpSo-N-
I _lq-ZI - lwk, ]c-al - w-k, Xpco-bm-Xo-X,
Ah-[q-X Cs\ k\ym-kn-am Bdv {]Im-c-n-sev
]d-b- s-Sp-p.
inJbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-msX ZWvUw
Ia-WvU-ep, Iew, Xq, kn Fnh kqn-p-Ibpw
a{-kn-n-bn ebn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h - - IpSo-NI
k\ym-k nbmWv. AXn\m tizXmz ]pWv{Uhpw
{XnZWvUhpw [cn-p-p. Htc m\p \np Xs-
bmWv `Ww Ign-p-Xv. IpSo-N-Is - \-tm-se-Xs
inJbpw btm-]h - o-Xhpw [cnv {Xn]p-W{v U-[m-cn-bmbn
ka-Zin-bmbn ]e hoSp-I-fn\npw `-bm-Nnv Ign-
p-Ibpw Fp-cp-f-am{Xw `n-p-Ibpw sNp-h - -\m-Wv
_lp-Z-I. PSm-[m-cn-bmb Du[z-]pWv{Uw [cnv Im]o\w
XpWn `nm-]m{Xw Fnh kqn-p--h-\mWv lwk
F k\ym-kn.
inJbpw kq{Xhpw [cn-msX Ap hoSp-I-fn
\npw `n-bm-Nnv Hmtcm cm{Xn-bnepw `Ww Ign-p-
-h-\mWv ]c-al - w-k. ]m{X-ns m\v ssI D]-
tbm-Kn-p-p. AXp-sImv Abmsf Ic-]m{Xn Fp
]d-bm-dp-v. Hcp Iu]o-\w, Hcp ]pX-v, apf-hSn Fnh
[cn-pw. kh ]cn-Xym-Kn-bmb Cbm `kva-te-]-\-X-Xv]-
c-\m-Wv.
Inp--sXtm AXp-sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp--h-\mWv
Xqco-bm-XoX k\ym-kn. Abm BtcmSpw Hpw bmNn-
n-. ^em-lm-cw am{X-a mWv `Ww. aqp hoSp-I-
fn\np am{Xw Aw kzoI-cn- pw. ZnwKw-_ -cXzw
ssIsm-p-p. bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep _hpw am\n-
m--h-\mWv Ah-[q-X. If-n-Xcpw ]Xn-X-cp-am-m--
h-cn \nv Fp Inptm AXv kzoI-cnv AP-K-ch - r-
n-bn AXm-bXv Hcn-Sp InSv ASp-p-hp Inp
Cc am{Xw Ign-p s]cp-m-ns kz`m-h-tmsS Ign-
bp--h-\mWv Ah-[q-X.

I 18. BXptcm PohXn tNXv {Ia-k-\ymkx Ihyx
IpSo-N I _lq-ZI - -lw-km\mw {_-Ncym {iam-Zn-
Xp-co-bm-{i-a-hXv IpSo-N-Im\mw k\ymk hn[nx ]c-
a-lw-km-Zn-{Xm-bmWmw \ ISn kq{Xw \ Iu]o\w
\ hkv { Xw \ Ia- W v U - e p \ ZWv U x- k h
hssI ss`m-S\ ]cXzw PmX-cq-] -[ -c Xyw
hn[nx k\ym-kI - mte ]yew_pn ]cy a[oXy
XZ-\-cw ISn-kq{Xw Iu]o\w ZWvUw hkv{Xw
Ia-WvUew kh-a]vkp hnkr-PymY PmX-cq-][ - c- -
-tc Im-thtim \mt[yX thym \ t{imX-
hy-a-\yXv InnXv {]W-hm-Z\yw \ Xw ]tT
i_vZa - ]n _rl-_ - vZm \ A[ym-]-tb al-
ZzmtNm hnm-]\w Kncm-] m-W y-Zn\m kw`m-jWw
\m\y-kvamXv hm hnti-tjW \ iq{X-kv{Xo-]X - n-
tXm-ZIym kw`m-jWw \ b tX tZh ]qPm-t\m-
-hZ- i\w Xo-bm{Xm hrnx
tcmKm-\mb hyn k\ymkw ssIh-cn--Xn-\p-
tijw acn-n-s-n Abm hn[n-{]-Imcw {Ia-kw-\ymkw
kzoI-cn-p-X - m-Wp-Nn-Xw. IpSo-N, _lq-Z-I, lwk
Fo aqn-hn-`m-K-n s] k\ym-kn-amv {_-N-
cyw, Kml-yw, hm\-{]w Fo {Ia-n \mem-
as B{iaw hn[n-n-cn-p-p. ]c-al - w-k, Xpco-bm-
Xo-X, Ah- [q-X, Cu aqp Iqv ISn- kq-{Xw, ZWvUw,
Ia-WvU-ep, hkv{Xw apX-em-b-hsbmpw Bh-iy-an-.
Ahv \-cmbn Ncnv Fm PmXn-bn s]-h-cp-sSbpw
Krl-- fn\nv `n bmNn-m kzmX-{y-ap-v. kymk-
kzo-I- c-W- n B-kw-Xr-]vXn-hsc A[y-b\w XpS-cWw
]ns Iu]o-\hpw IqSn kq{Xhpw Pe-n Fdn-b-Ww.
\-s\-n AwK-hkv{Xw ]mSn-. A[y-b\w {]h-N\ - m-Zn-
{i-hWw Ch ]mSpX-. {]Whw am{Xw P]n-mw. hrYm-
em]w ]mSn. lkvX-ap-{Z-bn kw`m-jW - hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-
b-a. cP-kz-e-bp-ambn kw`m-j-W-a-cp-Xv. Xom-S\w tZh-
]qP D-h-Zi\w Fn-hbpw bXnv \njn--am-Ip-p.
19-21. ]p\b-Xn-hn-tijw IpSo-N-Iky GI{X
`nm _lq-Z-I ky Akw-I vW p]vX w am[p-I -cw,
lwkky Ajv S-K r-tljp Ajv S-I-hfw ]c-a-lw-
kky ] - K rtKjp Ic- ] m{Xw ^em- l mtcm
tKmapJw Xpco-bm-Xo-Xky Ah-[q-Xky AP-K -c -
hr-nE kmh-h-tIjp bXn. \ GI-cm{Xw
htkXv \ Ikym ]n \ta-Xv. Xpco-bm-XoXm-h-[p-X-
tbm \ tPyjv t Tm tbm \ kzcq- ] x k
tPyjvtTm ]n I\njvt Tm lkvXm`ymw \Zyp--
cWw \ IpcymXv \ hr-am-tcm-tlXv \ bm\-[n-
cqtUm \ {Ib-hn-{I-b-]tcm \ InnXv hn\n-ab
]tcm \ Zmw`ntIm \m\r-Xh - mZo \ btXx-InwNnXv
I I-hy-akvXn tNXv kmwIcyw Xkvam a\
\mZu k\ymkn \ma-[n-Imcx
N P
520
IpSo-NI k\ymkn Hcn-Sp \np am{Xta `nWw
K
kzoI-cn-m-hq. _lp-Zp-I A\n-n-X--fmb Krl--
fn\nv Blmcw Ign--Ww. lwk k\ymkn Fp hoSp-
I-fn\npw Hmtcm Dcp-f-tm-dp am{Xw kzoI-cn-mhp-
XmWv. ]c-al - w-k Ap {Kl--fn \npw Abm-
fpsS ssIhiw ]m{X-sampw ]mSpX-. ssIXs
]m{Xw. Xpco-bm-Xo-X Inp--sX-m-bmepw kzoI-cnv
Xr]vXn-t\-S-Ww. k\ymkn cm{Xn-bn Hcm-fpsS hon Xma-
kn--cp-X.v Bscbpw \a-kvI-cn-c - p-X.v Xpco-bm-Xo-X\
- nepw
Ah-[q-X\ - nepw hen--s-dp--an-.
{]mb-n IqSn-b-h\pw hen-bh Xs B-
m-\a - n-m--h\
- mWv sNdn-b-h. ]pg \on-S- -pI
ac-n Ib-dp-I, bm{Xbvv hml-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn-p-I, {Ib-
hn-{IbwsNp-I,- Al--cn-p-I, AkXyw ]d-bpI Ch-
sbmw k\ym-knv tbmPn--X-. a\-\-n-\p-am-{Xta
k\ym-kn--[n- Im-c-ap- q.
22. BXpc IpSo-N-I-tbm`q-temtIm _lq-ZI - ky
kz-t emtIm lwkky Xt]m-temIx ]c-a-l w-
kky kXy- t emIx Xpco- b m- X o- X m- h - [ q- X tbmx
kzm-t\yh ssIheyw kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ {`a-
c-IoS \ymb-a-hX - v. bwbw hm ]n kvac `mhw XyP-
Xyt Itf-_cw XwX-tah kam-]vt\mXn \m\yYm
{ipXn-i m- k-\w.
BXpc k\ym-knbpw IpSo-N-Ik - -\ym-knbpw `qtem-
I-sbpw `qhtem-I-sbpw {]m]n-p-XmWv. _lp-
Z-I\v kz-tem-Iw, lwk\v Xt]m-tem-Iw, ]cm-lw-k
kXy- tem-Iw, Xpco- bm-Xo-X\pw Ah- [q-X\pw kzw Bm-
hn Xs ssIh-ey-{]m-]X v nv A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Ipp. {`a-
c-Io-S-n-s\mw kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\w sNp Ch kzcq-
]-s-s {]m]n-p-XmWv. a\p-jy acn-p-tm
GtXXp `mh-s-bmtWm Nnn-p-Xv Ah AtX
cqX-s - s {]m]n-p- p-s hv {ipXn imk-\-ap-
mbnpv.
23. XtZhw mXzm kzcq-]m-\p-k - m\w hn\m
A\yYm BN-c-]tcm \`-h-t-Zm-Nm-ch - i
- m- - -
tmI {]m]vX nx m\-s sh-cm-K y-k - - -k y-k z-
kvan-th apn-cnXn \ kh{X BNm-c{- ]-k - n.
XZm- N m- c x Pm{KXv Imte hniz kz]v \ Imte
ssXPkx kpjp-]vXn-Imte {]mx Ah-m-t`-
Zm-Zh
- t Cuizc t`Zx Imcy-tZ-ZmXv Imc-W-t`Zx
Xmkp NXpZi Imc-Wm\mw _mly-hr-ntbm
A h r- bx tXj mw D] m- Z m\ I mc Ww
hrbx NXzmcx at\m- _ pn cl- m-c - nw
tNXn XZv hrn hym]m-ct- `-Z\ ]rY-Km-Nm-c-t`Zx
Cs\ [cnv kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\w Dt]-nv ap
hnj-b-n hym]-cn--cp-Xv. ]e-hn[ BNm-c-m AX-

I \p-k-cnv {]hn-t-n-h-cpw. m\-ssh-cm-Ky-[\ - -
\mb k\ym-kn-bpsS apn Xn XsbmWv. Xs
BN-c-W - n \nv hnp-amdn ap-h kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-
p-X - m-Wv- DNn-Xw. Pm{KXv kz]v\k
- p-jp]vXn aqnepw
k\ym-knv kmam-\y-`m-h-ambncnWw AXn-s\-s
Pm{K-{Z-h--bn hnizw Fpw kz]v\m-h--bn ssXP-
k-sapw kpjp-]X v n-bn {]m-sapw ]d-bp-Xv GI-
tZiw Hp-X-sbmWv. Imcy-t`Zw Xs-bmWv Imc-W-t`-
Zw. ]Xn-mep Imc-W - -fp _mlyhpw B-co-Ih - p-
amb hrn-Iv ImcWw Hp-Xs - bmWv. a\v,
_pn, Al-m-cw, Nnw Ch \mepw _mly-hr-n-I-
fmIpp. Fm hr-n-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-h-n\p tbmPn
BN-c-W-m Hmtcm t`Zw Dm-Ip-p.
25. t\{Xw PmK-cnXw hnZymXv IWvtT-kz]v\w
kam-h-]n-i-Xv.
kpjp]vXw lrZ-bw Xp Xpcob
aq[v\n kwnXw
Pm{K-Z-h--bn hnizw t\{X-nepw kz]v\m-h--
bn ssXPkw IWvT - nepw kpjp-] vXm-h- -bn
{]mw lrZ-b-nepw Xpcobw apm-hnepw nXn-sN-
p-XmWv.
26. Xpcobw A-ca - nXn mXzm PmK-cntX kpjp-
]vXy-h-m-]\m Ch bZy-Xv{ipXw bZyXv ZrjvSw
XXv khw Ahn- m-Xa - n-htbm htkXv Xky
kz]v\m-h - m-bm-a]n XmZr-Kh m `h-Xn. k Poh-
p CXn hZ-n. kh {ipXyY {]Xn-]m-Z\ - -
a]n Xssky-ha - pn cnXn. `npx \ sFln-Im-ap-
jvan-Im-t]x bZy]n At]-mkvXn XZ-\p-cqt]m
`hXn kzcq-]m\p km \ hyXn-cn-m-\y, imkvX-
cm`ym sskcpjv {Sm Ipp-a-`m-c -hXv hytm \
tbmK imkv { X- { ]- h rn \ kmwJy imkv {Xm-
`ymtkm \ a{-X { hym]mc; CXc imkv{X
{]hrnx btX-c-kvXn-tNXv ihm-e - mc hXv N-
Imc hZXn hnZq-c-Im-Nmc hnZym Zqtcm \ {]Wh
Io-\] - tcm bZyXv I ItcmXn XXv ^e-
a-\ p-` -h Xn GZ-c -W vU-s sX-e -t^\ hZXx khw
]cnXy Py XXv {]kw at\m-ZWvUw Ic-]m{Xw
ZnKw-_cw ZrjvSzm ]cn-{h-tPXv `npx _mtem---
]n-im-N-h-c - -Ww. PohnXw hm\ ImwtX Ime-
tah {]Xn-tX \nt-i-`r-XI - -\ym-tb\ ]cn-{hm-
Un-Xn.
Pm{KXv XpS- nb Ah--I {]Im-in-n- p
Xpcob kzcq-]a - mb A-c{- _w Xm Xs-bm-sW--
dn-bp--h Pm{K-nepw kpjp-]vXn-bnse {]hrn Xs
sNp-p. Abm tIXpw IXpw tIm-Xpw
ImWm-Xpw t]mse Icp-Xp-p. kz]v\m-h--bnepw
AtX cq]-n Xs C-s\-bp--hs\ m\n-I
N P
521
Poh- p--s \p IcpXp- p. {ipXn-I-sfmw Ahs K
apn-sb-n ]d-bp-p. bYm k\ym-knv sFlnI
hnj-b - -fn B{K-l-an-mh-\mWv. Abm ]mc-{XnI
hnj-b-fpw B{K-ln-p-h\-. kzkz-cq-]m-\p-k-m\w
shSnv ap imkv{X-. A`y-kn-m Hcp-s-Sp-Xv
H-I -ns ]pdv Ipp-a -ns NpaSv tIp- -X p-
t]mse Xs. k\ymkn tbmK-ntem kmwJy-ntem
Hpw hym]-cn-t-X - n-. a{-X{- m-Zn-If
- nepw Ah
GstS-X - n-. ap imkv{X- k\ym-knsb kw_-
n-n-S-tmfw ihs B`-c-W-a-Wn-bn-p--Xp-t]m-se-
bm-Wv. N-Im-c-s\-tmse Zqscbncpv I-hn-Zym-Nm-c-
-fn \nv hnap-\ - m-I-Ww. {]Whpw D-n D-cn-
t-Xn. Xm sNbvX I- Bh-W-s--bnse
\pc-t]mse \nm-c-ambn Icp-tXXmWv. B-hn-Nn--
\-am-I Ww Ahs ]c-a -e- yw. ZnKw-_ c k\ymkn
BZim-\p-cq]w {]hr-nv _me, {`m, ]nimNv
Fn-h-sc-tmse Pohn-Xtam ac-Wtam B{K-ln-c - p-Xv.
`rXy bP-am-\ s B-sb-sb--t]mse Abm
Cuiz-tc-b - n {i sNepn {]hn-t-XmWv.
CXm-bn-cn-Ww D-a-\mb k\ym-kn-bpsS Nnm-K-Xn.
27. XnXnm PvRm\ sshcmKy iamZn
KpW-hPnXx
`nm-am-t{XW Poho-kymXv kb-XnbXn
hr-n-lm.
28. \ ZWvU[ - m-c-tW\ \ apWvU-t\\
\thtj W \ Zw`m-Nm-tc-W-apnx
29. m\-ZWvtUm [rtXm tb\ GI ZWvUo
k DNy-tX.
ImjvTZWvtUm [rtXm tb\ khmio
m\-hPnXx
30. kbmXn \c-Im tLmcm alm-cu-ch
kwvRn-Xm
{]XnjvTm kpIco hnjvTm kam-[o\ aljn `nx
Xkvam-tZ\mw ]cn-XyPy IoS-hXv ]cy-tSXv bXnx
31. Abm-NnXw bYm-em`w t`mP-\m-m-Z\w `thXv
]tc-bm N ZnKzmkm kv\m\w IpcymXv ]tc-bm
32. kz]vt\]n tbm ln bpx kymm
{KXo-h-hn-ti-jXx
CuZr-IvtNjvSx kvarXx t{ijvtTm hcnjvtTm
{_-hm-Zn-\mw.
33. Atemt` \ hnjm-Zo-kymXv emt`-ssNh
\lj-tbXv
{]mW bm{Xn-Ia - m{Xx kymm{Xm kwKm-Zzn-\nKXx
34. A`n-]q-PnX emw`mw PqKp-]vtk\
ss\h-khix
 522

I A`n-]q-PnX emss`-kvXp-b-Xn `qtym]n k\ymkn `n kzoI-cn-m-hq. ASp-nse Xo AW--

K
_[y- tX. Xn-\p-tijw Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Blmcw Ign--Xn-\p-tijw
`n-bm-Nn-mw. PohnX hrnsb Dt-in-p-am-{Xta `n
XnXn-, m\w, sshcmKyw iaw Zaw apX-emb
tNmZn-m-hq. kzw ssIam{Xw `nm ]m{X-am-Ip
t{ijvT KpW- sf k\ymkn ssIsm- -Ww. Ch
k\ymkn hopw hopw `n tNmZn-c - pXv. Inp-Xv
shSnv DZ-c] - q-cW
-
- n\v `nm-hrn \S-p--h
\np-sImtm \S-p-sImtm `n- mhp-X -mWv.
k\ymk hrnsb \in- n- p- p. tIhew intcm
ssIbn-en-cn-p Blmcw Xont shw IpSn-m-
apWvU\w sImtm ZWvU-[m-cn-bm- b-Xp-sImtm tamw
hq. kap- {Zstmse k\ymkn [rX-a-cym-Z- \m- tI- XmWv.
e`n-n-. m\ ZWvU-ap--h\ - mWv ZWvUn. a\-n
bYm k\ym-kn-I alm-i-b-mcpw BZn-Xy-s\-tmse
]e B{K-l-fpw \nd-n-cn-s, m\-lo- \-X-bn apf-
\nn-Xa - m-n k-cn-p--h-cp-am-W.v kIe Pohn-
hSn [cnv \mSyw \Sn-p-h - tLmc-\-cI- -n\v A[n-
I-sfbpw kam-\-`m-h-n ImW-Ww. \nn-X-m-cpsS Krl-
Im-cn-bm-Ip-p. ]n-bpsS ae-sa--t]mse shdp-t--
-fn \nv `n hm-cp-Xv. hmXn AS-n-n-cn-p
XmWv Ion-sbv aljn-am ]d-bp-p. AXn-\m
hon `nbvv sN-cp-X.v BUw-_c - -an-m Ffnb
Hcp k\ym-kn-bpsS Ihyw {]XnjvT Dt]-n-p-I-
Krl-ntem hr- p- h-ntem Ign- p-Iq- Smhp--XmWv. \-
sb--Xm-Wv. A`n-am-\-c-ln-X-\mbn IoS-s-tmse k-
sbpw Xn-sb-p-ap t`Z-_pn ssIhn-tS--Xm-Wv.
cn-W- w. ZnKw-_c k\ymkn Hcm-tfmSpw Hpw Bh-iy-
s-S-cp-Xv. Inp--Xn kwXr-]vXn-s Ime-bm-]\w sN- 41. b{Xm-kvX-an-X-im-bo-kym-n-c-n-c-\n-tI-X\x
Ww. ap--hc - psS \nt-i{- ]-Imcw Ipfnmw; hkv{Xhpw bYm-e-_t v [m-]-Pohn kymp-\n Zmtm PntX-{nbx
[cn-mhp-XmWv. kz]v\ - nepw Pm{K-Z-h- -b n-se--
42. \njv{Iay h\-am-mb m\ btm Pntb-
t]mse s]cp-am-dm Ign-b-Ww. A-s\-bp--h {_-
{nbmx
m-\n-If - n D-a-scv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. `n Inm-Xn-
cn-p-tm ZpxJn-p-Itbm Inptm ktm-jn-p- Ime-Imwo Nc-th {_-`q-bma Iev]tX
Itbm sN-m ]mSn. PohnXw ]pem thn-am{Xw 43. A`bw kh-`q-tXt`ym ZXzm-Nc - Xn tbm ap\nx
`n-tX-Smhq. _lp-am\w e`n-p-X - n DZm-ko-\-\m-I- \ Xky kh `qtXt`ym `b-ap-Zv]Z - ytX IzNnXv
Ww. am\m-]-am\ i_vZ-fn Bk--\mb k\ymkn 44. \nm- \ - m- \ - l w- I mtcm \nZz n
ap-\m-bmepw _-\ - n s]Sp-p. kwibx
35. {]mW-bm{Xm \nanw N hywKmtc ss\h-{Ip-yXn \ tZzjvSn \m\rXw `mj-tX-Kncm
`p-h-t\ 45. ]pWym-b-X\ Nmco N {`mXm\m ahn lnwk Ix
Imte-{]-ikvtX hm\mw `nmw Imte {]m]vtX `thZv ss`w Iev]ytX {_-
]cy-tSXv Krlm `q- b tk
36. ]mWn-]m-{X--c tbmKo \mk-IrXv 46. hm\-{] Krl- m`ymw \ kwkr tPyX
ss`-am-N-tcXv Iln-Nn-Xv. Am-XN - cymw e]vtkyX \ ssN\w
XnjvT ]pWvPymXv Nc `pRvPymXv lj Bhn-tkXv
at[y-\m-N-a\w XYm A[zm-kq-tcyW \nnjvSx IoS-hZv hnN-tc low.
37. A_v[n-hXv [rX acymZm `hn hni-Zm-ibmx
FhnsS kqcy AkvX-an-p-p, AhnsS InS-p-d-
\nbXnw \ hnap-n almtm `mkvIcm bYm -Ww. kz-ambn Krlm-Zn-I \nn-p-Itbm An
38. Btky\ Xp bZm-lmcw tKmh arK-btX ap\nx kqn-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. Fp Inptm AXp `nv
XZm kax-kymXv kthjp tkmSar kwXr- ]X v n-tbmsS C{n- b- \nb-{nv Ign-b-Ww. Krlw
XXzmb Iev]tX hnv Imn Ign-tbXmWv. kwb-tX-{n-b-\mbn PvRm\-
39. A\nyw ssh{h-tPXv tKlw \nyw tKlw ]q-\mbn Imew {]Xo-n-p Ign-b-Ww. A-s\-bp
Xph-t bXv k\ymkn {_-`mhw {]m]n-p-p. kIe Pohn-Ipw
A`bw \In Pohn-p--h\v Hcp Pohn-bn \npw `b-
A\m-hrtX hnti-Zzmcn tKtl ss\hm
ap-m-In-. {]Xn-jvTbpw Al-m-chpw shSn-p, Zzmzm-
-hrtX {htPXv
Xo-X-\mbn kIe kwi-b-fpw hnv, t{Im[-tZz-jm-Zn-c-ln-
40. ]mwkp\m N {]Xn- iq\ym Kmc {]Xn-{ibx X-\m-bn, AkXyw ]d-bm-sX, D-a-am-n k-cn-
hr-aqe \ntItXm hm Xy-kh {]nbm {]nbx v, Inp--Xn kwXr-]vX\ - m-bn, Alnwk ]men-p
k\ymkn {_-temI-n\v A[n-Im-cn-bm-Ip-p. k\ym-
Da PmXn- bns]--h-cpsS hoSp-I-fn \np am{Xta
knv hm\-{]--t\mSpw Krl-m-{i-an-tbmSpw _w
N P

I ]mSpX-. Xs Pohn-XN- -cy-I Ign-hXpw cl-ky-amn
shbvW - w. ljm-th-i
- -S-an-s-S-cp-Xv. kqcy-\nn-
jvS-amb am-n-eqsS Hcp IoS-sa hn[w k-cn--
Ww.
47. Biop- m\n Im-W n- l n-k m-b p- m\n
bm\n N
temI-kw-{K-lb - p-m\n ss\h Ipcy Imc-tb-Xv.
48. \mkXv imkvt{Xjp ktX t\m] PnthX
Pohn-Imw.
AXn-hmZmw kvX ytPXv Xm ]w IwN\
\m{i-tbXv
49. \injym-\-\p-_ - nX {Kmmss hm`y-tkXv
_lq.
\hym- J ym- a p]bpRv P oX \mcw- ` m\m \mct`Xv
IznNnXv
50. Ahy enwtKm hymt ap\n-cp- - -
_m-e -hXv
Ihnaq-I-h-Zm-m\w XZv ZrjvSym Zi-tb-rWmw
51. \Ip-c ym--h-tZXv InnXv \[ym-tbXv km[z-
km[p hm
Bm-cmtam \bm hrym hnN-tc Uh-p\nx
52. GI--tc-l - o-taXmw \nx kwKx kwb-tX-nb
B-{IoUx B-cXn cm-hm ka-Zi\x
53. _pt[m _me IhXv {IotUXv Ipitem PU-
h-t- c-Xh tZZp--h - -Zzn-Zzm tKmNcyw ss\K-a--
tc-Xv.
54. n]vtXm ham\ntXm kZv` nx
{]ey_vt [m kqbntXm ]nhm
XmUn-Xx-k - n-cptm hm hrXym hm ]cn-lm-]nXx
hnjvTntXm aq{XntXm hmss _lp-ss[hw {]I-
ev]nXx t{ib-kvImax It-KX B-\m-m-\-ap--tc-Xv.
56. kwam-\\w ]mcw lm\nw, tbmKt IpcptX
bXx
Pt\-\m-ha
- tXm tbmKo tbmK knnw N hnXn
57. bYm Ntc-Xssh tbmKo kXmw [ a Zqj-
b P\m-b-Ym-ha
- -t\y-c Kt-bp
58. Pcm-bp-Pm-WvUP
- m-Zo\mw hmMva\x Imb-I`nx
bpx Ipho\ \t{Zmlw kh-kw-Kmw-h
- -
tb-Xv.
Ima\, lnwk, {]m]-nI hkvXp- t\Sm-\p
tamlw Chsb kw_-n-p I- kw\ymkn
Dt]-n-Ww. ap- -h-sc-smv sNn-pIbp-acp-Xv.
N P
523
kXy-c-ln-X-am-n a\v \bn-c K
- p-Xv. {Ib-hn-{Ib
hmWnPy hyh-km-bm-Zn-If - n GsS-cp-Xv. Bh-iy-n-e-
[nIw kwkm-cn--cp-Xv. injy-msc Gsd km-Zn- p-Itbm
Gsd {K- ]Tn-n-ptbm Acp-Xv. Hcp {K-n\pw
hymJym-\-sa- gpXn kzaXw m]n--cp- X.v {]kn-nv sRcp-
-cp-Xv . kzw B{i-a- Hcp hntij Nnhpw
m]n--cp-Xv. A\y-cpsS apn D-t\m _met\m
Am-\ntbm t]mse s]cp-am-d-Ww. hnZzm-s\-nepw au\-
hrXw kzoI-cn-W - w. ap--h-cpsS CwKn-Xt- mSp tNc-
Ww. a\-n \ Xn-Iv CS-sm-Sp--cp-Xv. Ign-
hXpw GI-\mbn k-cn--Ww. Bscbpw Iqp-Im-c-\m--
cp-Xv. thZ-s - \-nepw \nn-Im-c-\m-I-Ww. ZpjvS-m
\nan--ap-m-Ip anYym-h-tcm-]m-Zn-Isf im-Nn--\mbn
kln-W - w. Ah D]-{Z-hn-mepw tm`w ssIsm--
cp- X v . Am- \ n- I F{X- a m{Xw A]- a m- \ nmepw
AsXms kln-W - w. ZpxJm-h-b - n Btm-m-c-
W-n\v bXv\n--Ww. ap--hc - n \np Inp _lp-
am\w Xt]m-\p-jT v m-\-n\v hnLv\s - av a\-n-em--Ww.
hn]-coX I--fm k\ymk [-n\v Ifw hcp-
-cp-Xv. Xm\p-ambn Bfp-I kw XpS-cm-\m-{K-ln-
p hn[w {]hn- m-Xn-cn- -Ww. hmv, a\-v,
Iw, icocw Ch-bm Hcp Pohn-tbmSpw hntZzjw `mhn-
-cp-Xv. bmsXmcphn[ {]tem-`-\--fnepw s]S-cp-Xv.
59. Ima-t{Im[u XYm Z tem`-lm-Z-b tb
XmwkvXp tZmjm]-cn-XyPy ]cn-{hmUv
`b hPnXx
60. ss`m-i\w N au\-\nXzw Xt]m-[ym\w
hnti-j Xx
kay-Ivm\w N sshcmKyw [tm bw
`np-t I-aXx
61. Imjmb hmkx kXXw [ym\-tbmK ]cm-bWx
{Kmamt hr-aqte hm hmk-thm etb ]nhm
62. ss`yW h-tb-nXyw ss\I, mio
`thXv Iz NnXv
Nn ipn `th-Zym-hXv Xmh-nXyw
NtcXv kp[ox
63. XXx-{]-{hPy ipmm ktc Zy{X Ip{X-
NnXv
_ln-c - kh{X kw]-iy ln P\m-\w.
64. kh{X hnN-c au\o hmbp-hZv hoX
Ijx ka
ZpxJ-kpI mtm lkvX {]m]vXw N `-tbXv
65. \nssh-tcW kaw ]iy ZznP-tKmiz arKm
Znjp `mh-b a\km hnjvWp ]c-amm
\an-iz-cw.
 524

I 66. N n bw ] c - a m- \ w {_ s s - h m- l - a nX n {_tXn hyh- l - tcXv Inp {_m-l -k va o- X z- K

kvacm-ssXzhw at\m-ZWvUw [rXzm Bim- P{kw Pm{KXv kz]v \ kpjp- ] vX njp Xpco- bm-
\n-hrtm _qXzm Bimw-_c - -[tcm `qXzm, kh- hmw {]m]y Xpco-bmXn XXzw {htP-Xv...
Zm-a-t\m-hm- mb Ia`nx kh-kw-km-c -ap- rPy
Ah-injvS icocw m\-am-Wv. AXns {]mW
{]]-m-hmMv apJx kzcq-]m-\p-k-m-t\\ {`a-c-IoS
sshcm-Ky-hpw. iaw, Zaw Ch t\{X--fn-ep-am-Ip-p. ip-
h\ym-tb\ `h-Xo-Xyp-]-\n-j-v.
amb a\v; apJw; _pn; Ie; Ah-b-h-, Av
kw\ymkn Imat{Im[mZn-I ssIhnv \n`-b-\m-I- mt\-{n-b-, Ap It-{n-b- ]-{]m-W-
Ww. `nm-hr-n-sImp e`n-p Blmcw Ign-Ww. Ap hnj-b- \mev Ax-I-c-W- Hcp {]Ir-
X]-v, a\-\m-h-ew-_-\w, m\m-t\z-j-Ww, hncn Ch- Xn. Cs\ BsI Ccp-]-n-bv AwK-. Pm{K-Xv,
bn a\pd-bv-W - w. Ijm-b-hkv{X[mcn-bmbn {Kmam-- kz]v\w, kpjp-]X v n, Xpco-bw, Xpco-bm-XoXw Fo Av
c--fntem hr-aq-e - -fntem tZhm-e-b--fntem Xma-kn- Ah-I At-l-ns ]-`q-X--fm-Ip-p. Iw,
m-hp-XmWv. kabw IqSp-Xepw [ym\-n hn\n-tbm- `n, m\w, sshcm-Kyw, Fo \memWv imJ-I.
Kn--Ww. `nm- - m Ign-pIqS-Ww. Hcp Krl- ta kqNn-n ]Xn-mep Ic-W- Nfn-bn \n
s Krl-n \np-Xs `Ww kzoI-cn--cp-Xv. p _e- an-m XqWp- I t]mse- bm-Wv. ka- \mb
B{i-am-\p-Iq-e-am-b-Ncy Ax-I-c-W-ns ipo-I-cWw \mhn-I Nfn-bn Dd \uIsb amn bYm Pe-
Ch thWw. kI-e-]m] hnj-b--fn \npw ap-\m- am- n-se- n-p--Xp-t]mse kwkm-c-k m-K-c--fn-p-
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\-bn Cuiz-cs\ kh-Im-an-\n-hn-ap-\pw Znlw_c\pw fpw Iev]n-X--fm-sWpw A\-iz-c - -fm-sWpw a\-
a\kmhmNmI-Wm, {]]-w kmc-lo-\s - av KWn- n-emn XnXs {_-`mhw shbvW - w. Bm-
p--h\pw {`a-c-I o-S-\ym-tb\ kzkz-cq]w Adn-bp- - h-msX asmpw Adn-bm tbmKy-a-sv a\-n-em--
h\pamb k\ymkn apn {]m]n-p-XmWv Fv D]-\n- Ww. Xm {_-n \npw `n-\m-sWv hnNm-cn-
jv A\p-im-kn-p-p. cp-Xv. Rm {_m-amWv F `mh\ Fpw thWw. Pm{K-
Xv, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo Ah-I -
Bdmw Aymbw XcWw sNbvXn-p tbmKn Xpco-b-Xo-Xm-h - -bn-se-p-
1. AY \mcZx ]nXm-al aphmN `K-h, XZ-`ymk XmWv.
himXv {`ac IoS-\ ym-b-h Xv XZ-`ymkx IY-a nXn 3. Znhm Pm{K-w kz]v\ kpjp-]vXa - -cm{Xw
Xaml ]nXm- a lx kXy hmKv m- \ - s shcm KX-an-tXy-Im-h -bmw NXt{km Ah- mkvX p
Kym`yw hnin-jvS-tZ-lm-hi
- njvtSm htk-Xv. GssI-I-I-c-Wm-[o-\m-\mw. NXpZi Ic-Wm\mw
]ns \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p. `K-h, hym]mc Np-Tc - m-Zo-\mw. Nqtjm cp]-{K-lWw
{`acw IoS-\ym-tb\ kz kzcq]w Adn--Xn\p tijw t{im{Xtbmx i_vZ{- K-lWw Pnlzmbmx ckm-kzm-
tamw e`n-p kzcq]w Adn-bm-\p A`ym-k-sa- Z\w {]mWky K - { K- l Ww hNtkm hmKv
mWv? {_mhp ]dp: k\ymkn kXyw ]d-b-Ww, hym]mcx ]mtW-cm-Zm\w ]mZtbmx kwNmc ]mtbm-
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_pyXn Nnt\ tNX-bXn Alw-Imtc Wmlw
2. m\w icocw sshcmKyw Poh\w hnn imn ItcmXn hnkrPy Poh GXm tZlm-`n-a m-t\\
Zmn t\t{X at\m-apJw _pnx Iem ]-hnw- Pothm `h-Xn. Krlm-`n-am-t\\ Krl Ch icotc
iXn XXzm-\y-h-b-hm, Ahm ]alm-`q-Xm\m Pohx kwN-cX - n. hmKvZte ]pWym-hrn cmtmw
Ia-`n m\ sshcmKy imJm Pm{KXv kz]v\ \n{Zm-ek
- ymu Zn-Wmbmw {Iucy-_p-n ss\-
kpjp]vXn Xpco-bm--XpZi Ic-Wm-\n. ]-kvXw- EXw ]m]-_pnx ]nta {IoUm-cX - n hmbhymw
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Ch bth KPw kz _pym-hio IrXy kzhy- IWn-Imbmw sshcmKyw tIktcjp B-Nn
Xn-cnw khw IrXIw \iz-ca - nXn aXzm hncx CtXyhw h{w, mXzm.
]pcpjx khZm {_ml anXn hyh-lm-cm-m-\yXv
InwNnXv thZn- X hyw kzhyXn tctIW Poh Pm{K-m-Ip Zn\hpw kz]v\a - m-Ip cm{Xnbpw
aptm htkXv IrX-I rtXym `h-Xn. \ \mlw kpjp-]vXn-bm-Ip A-cm-{Xnbpw Cu aqp Ah--

N P
 525

I Ifpw Xpco-b-\nepw Xpco-bm-Xo-X\- nepw nXn-sN-p-p. h IqSn-bp-v. hnizw ssXP kw{]mw XSw Fn- K
a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-mcw Fo \men\pw hi- h-bm Htc Bm-hp-Xs \mep-hn-[-nemIpp. AXn-
n-ep t\{Xw XpS-nb ]Xn-mev Ic-W--fp-v. \m Htc Hcp {_-sapw kh-km-n-sbpw kXzm-
t\{Xw cq]s {Kln-p-p. sNhn i_vZs; ssII Zn-Kp-W - smw AXo-X-s\pw AXns\ Icp-X-Ww.
hkvXp-sf FSp-pp; Imep-I sImp \S-p-p; As-n Pm{K-Zm-Zn-\m-e-h-I - pw Dn Hmtcm-
KpZw ae-hn-k\w sNp-p. D]w B\w \Ip- nepw \m-e-h-I - Dm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Xpco-
p. Xzv kv]i-nepw _pn hnjb {Kl-W-nepw bm-Xo-X-\nepw \me-h--I ImW-p-a-tm. bYm-n
hym]r-X-am-Wv. ssNX\yw Nn-n \npw Al Xpco-bmXo X \o KpW-\m-Wv. AXn Ah-m-t`Zw
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sSbpw Dev]n aptJ\ tZl-K-X-amb Bm-`n-am-\-m {]m-h pw, {_-a m-W v. Fm Ah--b nepw Htc
Poh Xpcob ssNX-\y-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp Poh- kmn hkn-p-p. XS--\mb Cuiz-c {ZjvSm-h
Krlw Xt-sX [mc-W-bn Krl--\m-bn-o-cp--Xp- IXr-Xz-t `m-rXz Al-m-cm-ZnItfmSp-Iq-Snb Poh\pw
t]mse k-cn-p-p. tZl-K-Xhpw AjvS-Z-f-I-ae - m--I- {`jvSm-hn-. tlm`n-am\w \nanw Poh-Xz-sa A`n-am\w
hp-amb lrZ-b-n hkn-p Poh Ia-e - ns D-Xn-\m Poh\pw Ir-XzmZn kwkv]i-\-n-X - o-
Ings Zf-n {`aWw sNp-tm ]pWym--Im-\p- X-\-. alm- Im-i- n\pw LS-Im-i-n\p Xpey-am-bn- s
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km-cw, Cuim- \-n m\w; Ia-em- In-bn {]th-
m Ign-bpXmWv. {_-am-I p-hm tZlm-`n-am\w
in-p-tm sshcmKyw; Ia-e-ns tIk-c-n {]th-
ssIsh-Snt-bXmWv.
in- p- t m B-N n Dm-I p- p. Bm- h n
ssNX\yw Xs-bmWv apJ-s-tmse apJyw, AXns 5. Xy-kw-tKm-PoX t{Imt[m eLym-lmtcm
clkyw Adn-bp m\nv Xpco-bm-Xo-X-h--bn can- PntX-{nbx
m km[n-p--XmWv.
]n[mb _pym ZzmcmWn at\m-[ymt\ \nth-it- bXv
4. Poh-Zh
- w {]Yaw Pm{KXv ZzXobw kz]v\w
6. iqt\y-jz-hm-h-Im-tijp Kplmkp Nh t\jp N
X r X obw k p j p ] vX w N X p w X p c obw
NXp`nhn-c -lnXw Xpco-bm-boXw hniz-ssX-P -k- \nXy-bp-wx kZm-tbmKo [ym\w kay Kp]-{I-taXv
{]m XS t`ssZ-tcI Gh GtIm tZhx- 7. BXnYy {im-b-t-jp-tZh bmt{Xm
kmn \nKp-W-n-XXv {_m-la - nXn hyml-tc- thjp N
Xv. t\mtNXv Pm{K-Z-h-m-bmw. Pm{K-ZmZn NXt{km
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Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Xpcob Fo \me-h- 11. ZWvU`- nmw N b IpcymXv kz[t
-Ipw D]-cn-bmbn Poh Xpco-bm-XoXw Fsm-c- hyk\w hn\m

N P
 526

I bkvXn-jvTXn \ sshcmKyw bmXn n-bn Ign-bp--h tami-s-h - \

\oN-b-Xn ln kx
12. bkvan Krtl hnti-tj-W-et- `Zv `nmw
N hmk-\mXv
X{X t\m bmXn tbm `qbx k bXn
t\Xcx kvarXx
13. bx kco-tc-{n-bm-ZntZym hnlo\w kh-km-n-
Ww. ]mc-amnI hnm\w kpJm-m\w
kzbw {]`w
14. ]c-XXzw hnPm-\mXn tkmXn hm {iao-`-
thXv hm-{i-am-Ztbm tZtl ambbm ]cn-ev]nXw
K
- m-Wv. kzbw {]Im-
i\pw hnm-\-kz-cq-]\pw kpJ-ab - \pw kh-km-nbpw
tZtl-{nb cln-X-\p-amb {_s kzcq-]-n ImWp-
-h-\mWv. hm-{i-tam-Xv]n amb-bn \nm-W.v AXn-
\m Ah-\-Xn\v AXo-X\ - m-Wv.
t_m[-kz-cq-]-\mb Xm hm-{i-am-Xo-X-s\p Icp-
Xp--h-\mWv bYm k\ym-kn. hm-{i-am-Nm-c--
sfbpw bYm k\ymkn ssIsm-m-dn-. {_-m-
\n-Iv hn[ntbm \ntj-Ztam bmsXmpw Xs _m[-
I-a-. Hcp hkvXp-hns\ kw_-npw XymPy-{Kmly \nb-
ahpw Ahn-. kIe _--fn \npw hnap--
cmWv bYm {_-m-\n.

15. \mt\m t_m[-cq-]ky aa tX kn khZm 20. hncPy kh-`q-tX`y Bhn-cn-n-]Z- m-Z]n

CXn tbm thZ thZmssx tkmXn LrWmw hn]mZy kh-kvan ]p{X-an-{Xm-Zn-tz]n
hm-{iao `thXv 21. {im-epapn amtjp thZm
m\ en]vkbm
16. bky hm {iam-Nmtcm KfnXx kzm
Zi-\mXv D]m-b\ - I
- tcm `qXzm Kpcpw {_ hnZw {htPXv
22. tkhm`nx ]ncn-tXm-ssjy\w Nnc-Imew
k h-\m-{i-am khm AXoXy
kam-lnXx
kzm-\n-nXx
kZm thZm hmIymw irWp-bm-p-ka - m-lnXx
17. tbm XoXy kzm{i-am hm-\m-t- \yh
23. \natam \nc-lw-Im-c. kh hnhPnXmx
nXx ]pam
kZm imym-Zn-bpx k\v B-\ym-
tkmXnhm-{iao t{]mx m-\-ao-tX
kth-Zm-th-Zn`nx
24. kwkm-ct- Zm-j-Zr-jvssSy-hh
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- n
18. Xkvam-Z-\y-{K-Xm-hm B{iam A]n \mcZ PmbtX kZm
B-\ym-tcm-]nXmx kth {`mym hnc- -ky-Xp-kw-km-cmXv kw\ymkw
tX\m--th-Zn\m kym-kw-ibx
19. \ hn[n \ \ntj-[ \htym 25. apappx ]c-lw-kmJymx kmmXv
hy Iev]\ tamssI km[\w
A`y-tkXv {_-hn-m\w thZm {ihWmZn\m
{_-hn-m-\n-\m-akvXn XYm \m\y \mcZ
26. {_-hn-m\ em`mb ]c-a-lwk kam-lzbx
A\m-k-\ - mbn tIm]w Pbnv Aev]l - m-cn-bmbn
imn-Zm-ym-Zn`nx ksshx km[ssx
k\ymk C{n-b-sf \nb-{n--Ww. C{nb Zzmc-
klntXm `thXv
Ah-tcm-[nv B-hn-Nn-\w sNp-I- bm- W-bm-fpsS I-
hyw. tbmtK-iz-cm-\p-bmbn km[-\n-b Xs XXv]c - -\m- 27. thZm-m-`ym-k\- n-cXx imtm Zmtm
bn-cnpw Ah. GIm--m-\-n h\-ntem Kpl- PotX-{nb
bntem Xma-knv [ym\-n ebn--Ww. {imw, bw, \n`tbm \natam \ntXym \nZztzm
AXn-Yn, kXvm-cw, tZh-bm{X apX-emb Hcp D-h-nepw \njv]-cn-{Klx
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{]mtm thZm hnZymKo \ntam
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k\ym-kn. hoSp-I-fnse ASp-nse Xo sI-Xn-\p-tijw 29. an{Xm-Zn-jvT, ktam ssa{Xx kakvtX
`nm-S-\-m `Ww tXSn Ign-bp--h-\mWv t{ijvT- tjzh Ppjp
\mb bXn. Fm a\-n k\ym-k-an-msX `nm-hr- GtIm m\o {]im-mm k k-cXn t\Xcx
N P

I {_-{]m]vX n B{K-ln- p--h Hcn- epw Hcp
m\hpw B{K-ln--cp-X.v hn[m-Xm-hns ]Z-hn-bm-bmepw
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tbmsS Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv tI-Ww. tamlw Al-mcw
Ch shSnv Kpcp-ip-{iq-j-bn X]c\m-I-Ww. kI-e-
hn[ Bk-nbpw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ka-Z-bm-Zn-bp--\mbn
Dn Bm-hns\ ImW-Ww. P-P-cm-a-cW - m-Zn-I-fpsS
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k D]-\n-j-pI {ihnv {_-m-\-n-\p- X-Ip- Xv Iran-Io-S-]-Xw-Kmw XYm tbmKo h\-kv]-Xo.
A`y-kn--Ww. aa-Xbpw `bhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-W - w. ia-Z-am-
Zn-I ioen--Ww km-Zn-m B{Klw ]mSn-. Xe-
sam-b
- -Snv ]gb hkv{Xhpw Iu]o-\hpw [cn-p-Itbm
ZnKw-_-c-\m-bn-cn-p-Itbm Bhmw. aaXzw Al-mcw Ch
ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. i{Xp-hns\ an{X-sbpw Htc coXn-bn
ImWm Ign-b-Ww. As\ Ax-I-cWw ip-am-p
tbmKn kwkmc kmKcw XcWw sNp-p. Am--h\v
Akm- [y-a-.
30. KpcpWmw N lntX-bp kvX{X
kwh-cw htkXv
\nb-ta-jz-{]-a-kvXp btajp N kZm `thXv
31. {]m]y-Nmt XX-s sh m\ tbmK-a-\p-
aw Ahn-tcm-t[\ [ky kwN-tcXv
]rYzn-ho-anamw
32. XXx-kw-h
- c
- -kymt m\ tbmK-a\pa
B{i-a-{Xmb aprPy {]m]vX ]c-am-{iaw
33. A\p- m]y Kpcpw ssh Ntcn ]rYn
hoanamw Xy-kwtKm PnX-t{Imt[m eLzm-lmtcm
PntX-{nbx
Pnm-kp-hmbn Kpcp ip{iqjm \nc-X\ - mbn Kpcp-
hns\ kam-{i-bnv Hcp kwh-cw Ign-bWw B{i-a-\n-
b-a
- ]men-p-X - n Ae-kXv Acp-Xv. {_-Nc - yw,
Alnwk Fnh \njvIj-tbmsS ]men--Ww. C-
s\-bp km[-\-If - m tbmKw Bnv [m-\p-Iq-e-
ambn Ign-b-Ww. Cs\ {_-N-cyZym{ia- tkhnv
k\ymkn `qan-bn k-cn-W - w. A\m-k--\m-bn-cn--
Ww. t{Im[-a-cp-Xv. eLp-hmbn am{Xw Blmcw Ign--Ww.
PntX-{n-\mbn hn-W - w.
34. Zzmhnau \ hnc-tPyX hn]-co-tX\ IaWm \ncm-
cwt`m Krl- Imcyhmw ssh `npIx
35. amZyXn {]aZmw ZrjvSzm kpcmw ]oXzm N amZyXn
XkvamZv ZrjvS-hpjmw \mcow ZpcnXx ]cn-hP-tbXv
N P
527
36. kw`mjWw kl kv{Xn_n-cm-em]; t{]Ww K
XYm, \rw Km\w klmkw N
]cn-hm-Zmw h-tb-Xv.
37. \ kv\m\w \ P]x ]qPm \ tlmtam
ss\h-km-[\w
\mn ImcymZn Imcyw N ss\ XkypkvXo l \mcZ
38. \mN\w ]nXr-Imcyw N Xo-bm{Xm
{hXm\n N
[am [am-ZnIw \mkvXn \ hn[n euInIo {Inbm
39. kwXy-tPXv kh-ImWn temIm-Nmcw N
khix
40. \ \mi-tbXv _pt[m Pohm ]c-am
aXn-c yXn
\nXy-a-pJx kzx {]im-mm kz]q-[o.
41. Ax kwK-]c - n-XymKo temtI hnlc \mcZ
\ cmPtI P\-]tZ Nc-tXyI Ntcm ap\nx
42. \nx kvXpXn \n\-a-kvImtcm \nx
kzm[m-Imcm Gh N
Nem-Ne \ntI-X bXnbm-Zr-ntIm `thXv
CXyp-]-\n-jXv
I-_ - -\mb k\ym-knbpw I-hn-ap--\mb
Krl- \pw X-f psS B{i-a - -\ p- I q- e - a mbn
{]hn-p-tm am{Xta tim`n-p-I-bp-q. aZyw IpSn-
mte aZ-ap- m-Iq. Fm bph-Xn-bmb kv{Xosb Im
Xs aZm-h - -bp-m-Ipw. AXn-\m A-s\-bp
kv{Xosb k\ymkn ImWpIbcp-Xv. kv{XoI-fp-samv
kwkm-c n-p-I, \rw, Km\w, ]c-\n Fn-h-bn
\npw k\ymkn hnp-\ntXmWv. k\ym-k nv
kv\m\w, P]-]q-P, tlmaw, tZhm-\, {imw, X-Ww,
{hXw, Xo-bm{X Fn-h-sbmpw k\ym-kn-m-h-iy-an-
. [m-[-tfm temIm-Nm-c-]-cn-]m-e-\tam th.
km[m-cW I--sfmw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. ]cm-amn-
I-Im-cy--fnte _pn hn\n-tbm-Kn-m-hq. Hcp Pohn-tbbpw
lnwkn--cp-X v. ipn tXS-Ww. im-\mbn _pnsb
Bm-\-- n ebn- n- -Ww. Acm-PI {]tZ-ip k-
cn-c
- p-Xv. {im X-W - -fn \nv Hgn-hm-IW- w. Hcm-
sfbpw kvXpXn--cpXv; \a-kI v -cn-t--Xn \nP-\-m-
\tm ]hX Kpl-If - ntem Xma-kn--Ww. CjvSm-\p-k-
cWw k-cn-mw Fv D]-\n-j-v ]d-bp-p.
Ggmw D]-tZiw
1. AY btX\n-b-ax-IY
- -anXn ]rjvSw \mcZw ]nXm-
alx ]pc-kvIrXy hncx ktbm hjm-kp-{[ph
iotem AjvSu amkn GImIo Ncss I{X \nh-
 528

I tkXv `np `bmXv kmcw-Kh- Xv GI{X \Xn-jpXv 2. Ab-tX\ {]m]vX-am-l-c {_-{]-W -hm-\p-k- K
kzK-a-\-\n-tcm[ {KlWw \ IpcymXv \ hrm- m\ ]tcm `qXzm kh- I -\ napx Ima-
tcm-lW - -a]n \ tZthm-h Zi\w IpcymXv \ t{Im[ tem`-tam-a-Za
- m-c
- ym-ZnIw ZKv t[zm {XnKp-
GIm-{Xio \ _mly-tZ-hmN\w Ipcym-Xv. kzhy- Wm-XoX; jVqn-cl - nXx jUv`m-hh - n-Imc iq\yx
Xn-cnw khw Xyzm a[p-Ic - -hrXym Blm-c- kXy-hmIv ipNn-c-t{Zmlo {Kma GI-cm{Xw ]-
am-lK- c- Irtim `qXzm tatZm hrnw AIp-h t\-]--cm{Xw tt{X ]-cm{Xw; Xot ]-
\ BPyw cp[n-ca - nh XytP-Xv. GI{X Aw ]ey- cm{Xw A\n-tIXx nc-aXnx \ A\r-X-hmZo Kncn
e-anh K-te-]\w Aipn te]-\-anh A`ywKw I-tcjp htkXv GI-G-hZzu hmN-tcXv {Kmaw
kv{Xokw-Ka - n-hh an{Xm-m-ZIw aq{X-anh kv]rlmw {Xn`n \Kcw NXp`n {Kma antXy-I - -tcXv `np.
tKmamw kanh mX-N-ct- Ziw NWvUm-f-hm-Sn-Im- NXpZ-i-I-c-Wm\mw \ X{Xm-h-Imiw ZZym Zhn-n
anh kv{Xobw Aln-anh kphw Imf-Iq-S-anh m\mXv sshcmKy k-a - -\p-`qb atm \
k`m-ew ivaim-\- -e -anh cmP-[m\ow Ipw`n- InXv \m\y hyXn-cn CXn B\n BtemNy
]m-Ia- nh ih-]n-WvUh - Xv GI-{Xmw \ tZlm-- k hXx kzc q- ] - t ah ]i y P oh ap nx
c-Z i\w {]]- - h rnw ]cn- X yPy kztZ- i - a p- Ahm]y {]mc_v[ {]Xn `mk-\mi ]cyw NXp
r Py mX - ] - c - t Zi w h nlmb h nk- a r X hn[w kzcq]w mXzm tZl-]X - \ ]cyw kcq-
]Zmw ]p\x-{]m]vX lj Ch kzam-\--a-\p- ]m-\p-k
- m-t\\ htk-Xv.
kva-c kzi-co-cm-`n-am\ tZi-hn-kva-cWw aXzm kzi-
hXpw Bh-iy-s-SmsX Inn-bm AXp hmnv
cocw ih-anh tlb-ap-]K - a- y-Im-cm-Kr-lh - n-\nap
kp-jvS-\m-IW - w. Isamw ssIhnv {_-{]-Wh
tNmc- h Xv ]p{Xm- ] v X - _ - p- ` - h - ew hnlmb
[ym\p-k-m\ ]c-\m-Ip-I. Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-I \ntjw
ZqctXm htk-Xv.
shSnv hnipw Zmlhpw aqew hymIp-eX Ie-cm-sX,
]noSv \mc-Z {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: `K-h, Pw hrn, Pc Fo hI-bn hymIp-e -s -Sm-s X,
k\ym-kn-bpsS \nb-a- Fsm-s-bm-sWv a\-n- \nssh-c-\mbn ico-chpw a\pw ip-amn shbv-Ww.
em-n--cp-I, Atm {_mhp ]dp: "sshcmKyw {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn, \K-c-nepw ]pWy-t-{X-nepw
t\Snb k\ymkn Htc m\v hj-Im-e-nse \mep- Xo-m-\--fnepw Apcm{Xn AXn IqSp-X
am-k- am{Xta hkn-m-hq. _mn Fp-am-k-fpw Xma-kn--cp-Xv. kz-ambn hoSp-m-c - p-Xv. anYym`mjW-
k-cnp sImn-cn-W - w. Htc-Sv Gsd t\cw X-cp- a-cp-X.v _pnsb kZzn-Nm-c--fn \bnv GI-\mbn k-
Xv. As\ sNbvXm [-{`-jvSm-\m-Im-\n- S-bp-v. Bsc- cn-p-I. Xma-kn-psn AXv ]h-X-Kp-l-bn-em-I-aw.
nepw A-s\-sbmcp B{Klw {]I-Sn-n-mepw AXn\v am-cp-samv Xmakw ]mSn-. aqp hyn-If - psS kl-
hg--cp-Xv. \oZn \on-I-S--cp-Xv. hr-n Ib-dp-Itbm hmkw {Kma-Xp-eyhpw \mep-t]-cm-bm \K-c-Xp-ey-hp-am-W.v
tZmthm--h--fntem ap taf-I-fntem ]p-sIm-p-Ibpw C{n-b-v hnj-b- Nnn-m CS-sIm-Sp--cp-Xv.
Acp-Xv. Bm-hn-s\-b-msX ap tZh-msc D]m-kn-- Bscbpw `n-cmbn ImW-cp-Xv. As\ k\ymkn kzkz-
cp-Xv. Htc hon \np Xs `Ww kzoI-cn-c - p-Xv. cq]w am{Xw Nnnv Poh-ap--\mbn Ign-b-Ww. acWw
N-\mZn kpK- -{Z-hy- XyPn--Ww. mchpw kv]i- hsc kzcq-][ - ym-\\- n-c-X-\m-I-Ww. B-t_m[w km-Zn-
\-tbm-Ky-a-sv Icp-XW - f-b-msX ap p-I-sb--XmWv k\ym-kn-bpsS {][m\ Ir-Xyw.
- w. Iu]o-\m-Zn-Is
hkv{X-sf Fn ]m{Xw t]mse Icp-XW - w. F
3. {Xnj-h-Wm-kv\m\w IpSo-NI - ky _lq-Z-I ky
tXp Ipfn ]mSn-. kvt\ln-X-m-cpsS kl-hmkw Hgn-
Zzohmcw lwk-tky-Ih - mcw ]c-a-lw-kky am\k
hm--Ww. B{K-l- Dm-Im-\nS sImSp--cp-Xv. k`m-
kv\m\w Xpco-bm-Xo-Xky `kva-kv\m-\-a-h-[q-Xky
k-an-Xn-I ivaim-\X - peyw Icp-Xp-I. kv{Xosb kw
hmb- h y- k v \ m\w Du[z- ] pWv {Uw IpSo-N - I ky
t]mse `b-c - -sav Icp-Xp-I. kzs Imf-Iq-S-hnjw
{Xn]pWv { Uw _lq- Z - I ky Duz ]pWv { Uw
t]msebpw cmP-[m- \nsb IpZo- ]m-I-\-c-Iw-t]m-sebpw GIm-
{Xn]pWv{Uw lwkky `kvtam-q-e \w ]c-a-lw-
s arX-I] - nWvUw t]msebpw Icp-XW - w. tZls
kky Xpco-bm-Xo-Xk - y-Xn-eI
- ]- pWv{U ahq-Xky \
B-`n-a - mbn Nnn--cpXv; kztZiw ssIhn-S-Ww. ]cn-
InwNnXv Xpco-bm-Xo-Xm-h-[q-Xt- bm. EXp-ucw IpSo-
Nn-X - m-\--fn Gsd X-cp-Xv. kzw IpSpw-_mw-K-
N-Iky EXp-Zz-b - ucw _l-lqZ Iky \ ucw
fpw ]cn-Nn-Xcpw hkn-p-nSw hnv Zqsc t]mI-. Xs
AkvXn-tN-Zb - \ ucw. IpSo-N-Iky Imm-am-[p-
ico-cs ihw t]mse Icp-Xp-Ibpw AXn A\m-k-
Icw _lq-ZI - ky lwk-]-ca - lw ktbmx-Ic - -]m{Xw
-\m-Ibpw thWw. k\ymkn `mcy ]p{Xm-Zn-Isf Dt]-
Xpco-bm-Xo-X ky tKmapJw Ah-[q-X kym PmK-c -
nv Ahsc ImWm-\n-S-sIm-Sp-msX AIse Ign-tb-
hrn imSo-Zzbw IpSo-NI ky_-lq-Z-I-ssky-I-
XmWv.
imSo lwk-ky-JWvUw ZnKw_cw ]c-a-lw-kky

N P
 529

I GI-Iu-]o\w hm Xpcobm XoXm h[q-Xt- bmPm- lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-mv B-cnI {]W-hhpw Xpco-bm-Xo- K

X-cq-] -[-cXzw lwk-] -ca
- lw ktbm-c-Pn\w \ Xp Xm-h-[q-X- mv {_-{]-W-h-\-amWv hn[n-n-p--X.v IpSo-
At\ym-jmw. NI _lp-Z-I - mv {ih-Whpw lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-mv
a\-\hpw Xpcn-bm-Xo-X m-h-[q-X-mIvI \n[n-\ym-bhpw
aqp ky-I-fnepw IpSo-NI k\ymkn kv\m\w
BWv hn[n. Fm-h-cp-sSbpw eyw Bm-\p-k-m-\-
sN-Ww. _lq-ZI - \v cp-X-h-W. lwk\v Hcp-X-hW;
am-bn-cn--Ww. Fm-hcpw tam-{]m-]X
v n-mbn {]b-X\ v nv
]c-al
- w-k\v am\-knI kv\m\w hn[n-n-cn-pp; Xpco-
sImn-cn-p-Ibpw {]m]-nI hnj-b--fn \npw
bm-Xo-X\v `kvat- e-]\w aXn. Ah-[q-X hmbp-kv]i-
tamN\w t\Sn Poh-p-m-h-bpw ssIh-eym-h-bpw
m Xs kv\m\-n\pw Xpeyw ip-\m-Ip-p. IpSn-
{]m]n-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
N-I s\n-bn Du[z ]pWv{Uhpw _lq-ZI - {Xn]p-
Wv{Uhpw [cn--Ww. lwk\v CXn-te-sX-n-ep-sam-m-Imw.
Fmw D]-tZiw
]c-al
- w-k\v tIhew `kvat- e-]\w aXn. Xpco-bm-Xo-X\v
Xne-I-]p-Wv{Uw. Ah-[q-X\v Hcp Nnhpw th... IpSo- AY ssl\w `K-hw ]c-ta-jvTn\w \mcZx
N-I cp-am-k-n-sem-cn-epw _lq-ZI - \mep- am-k- ]{] kwkmc XmcIw {]]tm {_qlnXn
n-sem-cn-epw ucw sNmw, lwk\pw ]c-a-lw-k\pw XtYXn ]c-tajvTo hpw D]-N{- I-ta, Hmw CXn
Bdp-am- k-n-sem-cn-. {_ CXn-hyjvSn kajvSn {]mtIW Im hrjvSn.
Im kajv S nx kwlm- c - { ]- W h; krjv S n- { ]- W h
Ah-[q-X\pw Xpco-bm-Xo-X\pw ucw Bh-iy-an-.
m _ln-t-Z-bm--I-XzmXv Xznhnt[m {_-
IpSo-N-I Htc-Sp \nv Blmcw kzoI-cn-mw. _lq-
{]-Whx Ax {]Wthm hymh-lm-cnI {]Whx
Z-I am[p-Ic- o-hrn sImsm--Ww. lwk\pw ]c-a-
_mly-{]-Whx Bj-{]-Whx DZ-bm-tIm hncmSv
lw-k\pw ssIIfn `n kzoI-cn-p-I. Xpcn-bm-Xo-X
{]Whx kwlm-c -{]-W thm {_-{]-Whx A[-
tKmap-J-hr-nbpw Ah-[q-X AP-Kc - -h r-n-bp-am-Wv.
am{Xw {]Whx
`W Imcy-n ssIsm-t-Xv IpSo-NI - cp
hkv{Xhpw _lq-ZI - Hcp hkv{Xhpw lwk cp ]ns \mc-Z `K-hm {_m-hn-t\mSv XpSv
XpWnpw ]c-a-lw-k Hcp Iu]o-\hpw [cn--Ww. Xpco- tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, GXp a{-amWv kwkm-c-Xm-cI - -am-
bm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw hkv{Xw [cn-t Bhiyw bnpXv. AXv F\np ]dp Xmepw.'' {_mhv
Xs-b n-. ]dp: ""Hmw'' F Xmc-I -a-{- n\p Xs-bmWv
AXn\v in- b p- Xv. AXns\ hrjvS n- cq- ] - nepw
7. IpSo-N-I-_-lq-ZI - t- bm tZhm\w lwk ]c-a-
kajvSn cq]-nepw Nnn-W - w. \mc-Z hrjvSn-sb--
lw-k-tbmam-\-km\w Xpco-bm-Xo- Xm-h-[q-Xtbmx
nbpw ka-jvSn-sb-- nbpw Adn-bm B{Klw {]I-Sn-n--
tkmlw`mh\m IpSo-NI _lq-Zp-I-tbm a{-P-
tm {_mhv ]dp: ""\mc-Z, hrjvSnbpw ka-jSv nbpw
]m-[o-Imtcm lwk ]c-a-lwk tbm[ym-\m-[n-Imcx
{_-{]-Wh - -ns AwK- Xs GI-amb {_-{]-
Xpco-bm-Xo-Xmh [qXtbm \h \ym[n Imc Cb-Xo-
W-h- ns AwK- Xs GI-amb _{]-{- ]-Wh - -
Xm-hZ- h
- [
- q-X-tbm alm hm Iym[n-Imcx ]c-a-lw-
n\p kwlm-c-{]-W hw krjv Sn-{]-Whw D`-bm- Iw
k- k ym]n IpSo- N I _l p- Z I lwkm- \ mw- \ m-
{]Whw Fv aqp t`Z-ap-v. D`-bm-I {]W-hw, _mly-
\ytkym ]tZim[n- I mcx IpSo- N I _lq- X - I -
{]-W-h-sa-pw. B-cnI {]W-hs - apw cp hn[-am-Wv.
tbmam-\p-j -{]-W hx lwk-]-c-a-lw-k-tbm-cm- c
AXn-\m AXns\ D`-bm-I {]W-b-sav ]d-bp-p.
{]W-h-Ip-So-NI _lq-`-Itbmx {ih-Ww. lwk ]c-
{_-{]-W -h- n\v hymh-lm-cnI {]Whw Fsmcp
a-lwk tbma-\\w Xpco-bm-XoXw h[q-Xt- bm\n-
t`ZhpwIqSnbpv. hrjvSn-{]-W-hs _mly-{]-W-h-sapw
Zn-[ymkx kth-jm-am-m-\p-k - m\w hn[n-cn-tXyh
]d-bp-p. Bj-{]-Whw Fpw ]dbmv. D`-bm-I
apappx kmh-Zm-kw-km-c-Xm-cIw Xmc-I-a-\p-kva-c
{]W-hs hncmSv {]W-hs - apw ]d-bp-p. AIm-cmZn
Poh-ptm htk-Xv. A[n-Im-ch - n-ti-jW ssIh-
\mep am{X-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw qem-`n-t`-X-bp--hp-amb
ey-{]m-]vXyp-]m-b-a-\zn-tjy-ZyXnx CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
{]W-hs A-am{Xm {]W-h-sapw ]d-bsSp-p.
IpSo-N-I-\pw, _lq-Z-I\pw tZhm\ sN-W w.
2. HmanXn {_. Hman-tXy-I m- -c-a x {]Whw
lwk-\pw, ]c-a-lw-k\pw am\-ko-Im-\-bvm-Wm-[n-Im-
hnn. k NmjvS[m `nZy-t X. AIm-tcm-Im-c-a -Im-
cw. Xpco-bm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw tkmlw AXv Rm\m-
cm-am{Xm \mZ _np Iem-in tXn X{X
Ipp F `mh\ aXn. IpSo-N-I\pw _lq-Z-I\pw a{w
NXzmc AIm-c - -bp-Xmh hb-hm-\znXx DImcx kl-
P]n-m\pw lwk\pw ]c-a-lw-k\pw [ym\-n\pw Xpco-
{k m- h - b - h m- \ zntX m aI mc x i X m- h - b th m
bm-Xo-X\pw Ah-[q-X\pw alm-hm-tIym-]-tZ-i-n\pw A[n-
t]tXmam{X {]W- t hm\mh- b - h m- I mcx
Im- c-ap-v. IpSo-N-I\pw _lp-Z-I\pw km[m-cW {]W-hhpw
kKptWm hncmSv {]Whx kwlmtcm \nKpW
N P
 530

I {]Whx DZ-bm- -tIm-Xv]n {]Wthm bYm- 8. k icocw kam-tcm-]y-X-b

- Xzw XtYm-anXn K
ptXm hncmSv pXx ]v fpX kwlmtcm hncmSv {Xn icocw Xam-m\w ]cw-{_ hn\-n-\p.
{]Whx tjmU-ka - m-{Xm-I - Xzw IY-an-Xyp-Nyp-tX.
AImcx {]Y- t am- I m- t cm- Z zn- X o- b m- a - I m- c -k v X r- X o- {]Wh cq]-amb Cu ]cm-mhv kh-hym-]n-bm-Wv.
bm-am{Xm NXpo \mZx ]ao _npx jjvTo AXv ]c-a-tPymXn kzcq-]hpw kh-n\pw B{i-b-hp-am-
Iem k]vXao Iem-XoX jvSao imn \h hoim- Wv. tZh-m-scmw AXns cq]w Xs. kq {]]-
y-XoXm Ziao D-t\y-Im-Zio at\m-\o ZzmZio m-[m-chpw khm-c kzcq-]hpw CXpXsbmIpp.
]pco {Xtbm-Z io a[yam NXp Zio ]iyo Ieym-W-a-bhpw kh-im-kv{X-a-b-hp-am-Wn-X.v {ipXn-I-fnepw
]Zio ]tcmtjmUio ]p\Xpx jjvSn-am{Xm X-cq-]- nepw Ct-l ss-bmWv tXtS--Xv.
{]IrXn ]pcpj ssZzhn[y amkm-ZrjvSm iXyp-- h- a m- \ , `qX, `hn-j yXv Ime- - f psS kmchpw
c-t`-Z-am{Xm kzcq-]a- m-kmZy kKpW \nKp-W-Xz-ap- CXpXsbmWv. tamw \Im t]mXv Cu {]W-h-
t]Xy GtIm]n {_ {]Whx sav a\-n-emp-I. {_s Bm-hn GIo-`-hn-
nv {]W-hss GIhpw Pcm-c-ln-Xhpw Aar-X-
"Hmw' {_-am-Wv. AXv GIm--c-a-{-am-Wv. AXp- cq-]hpw Nn-b-XXzpw Fv Adnb-Ww. hnizs Hmw
Xs Aw {]Whw AXv AImcw DImcw aImcw A- Fv IcpXn Xs Bm-hns\ {_-sap IcpXn ]c-
am-{X, \mZw, _np, Ie, in Fv Fmbn hn`-Pn-- am-m-hn ZrV-ambn XmZmyw {]m]nv Am-hns cq]-
s-n-cn-p-p. \mep-am-{X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-e-n-X-am-Ip n-ep {_-s-n kZm Nnn-p-t--Xm-Wv.
{]W-h - ns Hmtcm am{Xbvpw At\Iw t`Z--fp-v.
AIm-c-am-{Xp Xs ]Xn-\m-bncw Ah-bhapv. DIm-c- 9. ]cw {_m-\p-kw-Z[ - ymXv hnizm-Zo\mw
n\v Bbncw; aIm-c-n\v \qdv; A-am-{Xm-{]-Wh - hpw {Iax-{I-amXv
A\-h - p-amb Ah-bhw tN-XmWv hncmSv {]W-hw. qe-XzmXv qe-`p-zm kqva-XzmXv
kKp-Whpw kwlm-c-{]-Whw \nKp-W-hp-am-Wv. krjvSn kqva-`pIv ]cw
{]Whw kKp-W\ - nKp-W- -fp-ambn _n-n-cn-p-p. 10. sFIy-Xzm-\ t`mKm tkmb-amm
hncmSv {]Whw AIm-cm-Zn-\mep am{X-I-fpsS ka-jvSn-tbmSp NXp hn[x
IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. kwlm-c-{]-Whpw NXpn am{Xm--I-amb NXp-jv]mXv PmK-cnXx qex qe {]tm
A-am-{Xm-cq]w tN-Xm-W.v hncmSv {]Whw ]Xn-\mdp ln hniz `pIv
am{X-I AS-nb-Xm-Wv. AXns\ ap-n-bmdp XXz-
11. GtIm\ hnwiXn apJw kmjvSmwKx
pw D]-cn-bmbn KWn-s - -Sp-p. AImcw AXns
khKx {]`px
{]Y-aa - m-{X-bmWv DIm-cw, aIm-cw, A-am-{X, _np, \mZw,
Ie, Iem-Xo-X, imn, imy-Xo-X, D-\n, at\m--\n, qe-`pv NXp-cm-mY hntizm sshizm-\cx
]qcn, a[y-a, ]yn ]cm Fp bYm-{Iaw cm-a-t- ]pam
Xn ]Xn-\mdp am{X-I-fmWp-Xv. ]Xn-mdp Ie-I-tfmSp 12. hniz-PnXv {]Yax ]mZx kz]v\ m\-KX - m, {]`px
IqSnb Cu {_-{]-Whw Xs-bmWv mXhpw A\p- kqva-{]x kztXm-jvSmwKx GtIm-\m\yx
m-Xhpw A\p-b - pw. Ahn-Ie - v]-cq-]-amb Xpco-b- ]cw-X ]x
n\npw `n-a-mXn\m AXv Adp-]n \mev 13. kqva `pv NXp-cm-mY ssXPtkm
am{X-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-Xo-cp-p. {]IrXn ]pcpj cq]- `qX-cm-Ubw
n cp hn`m-K - -fp-v. As\ \qn Ccp-]-n-
lncWy K`x qtem-S - ZzoXob ]mZ DNytX
sbp am{X- I- fm AS-n- bXm-Wv. Cs\ Htc Hcp {_w
Xs {]W-h-ns kKpW \nKpW cq]w [cnv ZrjvSn- 14. Imaw Imb-atX bmh-Zy{X kp]vtXm \ I\
t`-Z
- m At\-I-cq]w {]m]npp. kz]v\w ]iyXn ss\h-am{X XXv
4. khm-[mcx ]cw-tPym-Xn-tcj kt-iztcm hn`px kpjp-]vXa- ]n pSw
kh tZh-abx khx {]]m [mc-K`nXx 15. GIo `qXx kpjp]vX x {]m\ L\-
hm kpJo \nXym-\ - a- tbm ]ymm kh
5. khm--ca - bx Imex khm-Ka - -abx inhx
Pohm--nXx
kh-{ip-Xyp-tam arKymx kI-tem-]\ - n-j-bx
16. XYm-]ym-\--_p-IvtNtXm apJx kh-K-tXm-hyb
6. `qXw `hyw `hn-jy-ZyXv {XnIm-tem-ZnX ahybw NXp-cm-t-izcm {]m kvXrXnbmx
XZ-t]ymw-Imc tahmbw hnn-tam--{]-Zm-bIw ]mZ-kw-nXx
7. Xta-hm-m-\a - n-tXy-XZv {_ i_vtZ \ hnX qe-n-sbpw kqva-n-sbpw t`mm-hm- b-Xp-
XtZ-I-a-ar-X-a-P -ca- -\ p-`qb XtYm-anXn sImpw B\-tm-]-t`m-m-h-b-Xp-sImpw Bm-hn\v
N P
 531

I \mev hn`m-K-fmWp-Xv. Cu t`Z- ImcWw Bmhv 23. \m {]PvR-a]n {]m-L\w Nm ZrjvS-tah K

NXp-jv]mv AXm-bXv \mep-Im-ep-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-sXv N XZ-e - W a{Kmlyw bZv hyh-lmcyw Ahy-]-
Adn-b-s-Sp-p. Pm{K-Zh
-
- bpw PKpw BcpsS tZl- tZiyw GIm {]Xy-kmcw {]]-tm-]-iaw inhw
am-tWm, BcpsS m\-amtWm Cu {]]--n hym]n- imw AssZzXw NXpw a\yt k {_-{]-
n-cn-p-Xv Bcv ka-kvX-hn-iz-n-sbpw t`mm-hm-W,v Whx khn-t tbm \m]-c -k vX p-c nbx kh{X
BcpsS apJ-amWv Ap It-{n-b- DssS `m\p-h Xv apap- p-W m-a m-[ mcx kzbw tPymXn
]sm]Xv Imc- W--fm-bn-cn-p-Xv `qtem-Iw, `qhtem- {_m-Imcx khZw hncm-PtX ]c-{_-X - zm-Zv--C-
Iw, kztem-Iw, altem-Iw, P\-tem-Iw, Xt]m-tem-Iw, Xyp-]-\ n-j-Xv.
kXy-tem-Iw, ]mXmfw Fo Fp temIfpw BcpsS
Cs\ ]c-am-mhp Xs-bmWv kI-e-Xn\pw \mY-
AwK-amtWm BcpsS A`n-hy-n-bmtWm qe-kqva
\m-bn-p--X.v CXp-Xs Nny-hpw, kqva-cq-]hpw, PKXv
Imc-Whpw kmn-bp-ambncnp-- X,v kh-hym-]nbpw hniz-
Imc-W-`q-X-hpw, PohnIfpsS krjvSn-n-Xn-eb m\-hpw.
cq-]-hp-amb B sshizm-\-c Xs-bmIpp. {_- ns
aqv Ah-I - -tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu hnizw kpjp]vXn cq]-
{]Y-a -] m-Z w. kz]v\ hpw hniz-h ym- ] vX -a mb {_hpw
nem-Wv. CXv kz]v\ kam-\hp-am-Wv. apv a\-n-em-
kqva{- ]--am-Wv. AXns hnm\w B-cnI PK-
nb aqp ]mZ-p ]pdsa \mem-a-sXmcp ]mZw IqSn-
n hym]-cn-p-XmWv. AXn\v \mep XncnhpI-fp-v.
bp-v. AXv mXw, A\p-m-Xm-h,v A\p-PR v -X, Ahn-
{]Im-im-[n-]X - n-bm-I-bm AXns\ ssXP-k-sap ]d-
Iev]w Fo \mep cq]-tmSpIqSn-b-Xm-Ipp. CXns
bsSp-p. AXv kh-`q-Xm-[n-]X - nbpw lnc-Wy-K`-hp-am-
\mep ]mZ- fpw Xpcobw XsbmWv. Hmtcm cq]hpw Xpco-
Wv. AXn-s\-s ]c-am-m-hns ZzXob ]mZ-sav ]d-
b-n hnebw {]m]npp. Xpcob ]mZ-n mXw
bsSp-p. kpjp-]vXn-bn a\p-jy kz]v\w ImWm-dn-
A\p-m-Xmhv A\p Fo aqp cq]-fpw hnI-
. Nnbpw Atm-gn-. B Ah-bpw AXn IqSn
ev]-m-\m--I-am-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw kz]v\ Xpeytam
D]-e - n-Xa - m-Ip hniz-ns {]f-b-cq-]hpw BcpsS
ambtbm BIpp. Cu hnIev]s-m-a-Xo-X-amb ]c-
m\-amtWm Bcv A-cym-an-bmbn nXn sNp
am-mhp Xs-bmWv GI- am- mb kn-Zm-\-- cq- ]w. qe-
kzkz-cq-]-ns B\--a-\p-`-hn-p-, Bcv Ahn-\m-inbw
kq-va--fpsS mXm-h-m-Xpw cn-s\- -nbpw Adn-
{]Im-i n- X - a m-I p apJ- t mSp IqSn- b - h - \ p-a m- I pp
bm-Xpw {]m-\-cq-]-a-m-Xpw Ip-Iv tKmN-c-
mXmhv A\p-m-Xmhv A\p Ahn-Iev]w Fo
\mep cq]--fn bmsXmv A`n-hy- -am-I p-p. B a-m-Xpw Hcp \nh-N-\-nepw HXp-m-Xpw [ym\-
{]m Xs-bmWv ]c-am-m-hns XrXob ]mZ-sav K-ay-a-m-Xpw {]]-m-Xo-Xhpw AZzn-Xo-bhpw ]c-a-I-eym-
Adnbp-I. W-ab - -hp-amb B XXzw Xs-bmWv {_-ns \mem-
as ]mZw. AXns\ m\n-I {_-{]-Whw Fp
17. Gj kth-izcssj khx IcpXp-p. AXv {_w Xs kzbw {]Im-i\pw BImi
kqva -`m-th\ kzcq-]-\p- amIpp.
Gtjmcymtayj tbm\nx khky
{]`-hm]y bu HXmw D]-tZiw
18. `qXm\mw {Xb-a-t]y-XXv kthm-]-ca - -_m-[Iw 1. AY {_-kz-cq]w IY-anXn \mcZx ]{]x Xw
XXv kpjp]vXw ln bXv kz]v\w ambm am{Xw tlmhm- N - ] nXm alx Inw {_ kzcq- ] - a nXnx
{]IonXw At\ymkmht\ym la kva oXn tb hnZpx tX
19. NXp-X - p-cm-m]n kn-tZ-Ic- tkm ]ybw ]ithm \kz `mh ]ihx Xtahw mXzm
hnZzm arXyp-a p-J m-X n- { ]- a p- N ytX \m\yx ]vY m
Xpco-bm-h-kn-X-Xzm GssI-I-Xzm\p kmcXx
hnZytX Ab-\m-b.
20. mXm\p m{X-\p-mXr hnIev]
m\ km[\w ]noSv \mc-Z {_-kz-cq]w Fm-sWv tNmZn-
p. Atm {_mhv ]dp: ""Xs cq]w Xs-bmWv
hnI-ev]-{X-b-a-{Xm]n kpjp-]vXw kz]v\-am-cw
{_w. Xm {_-n \nv `n-am-sWp Icp-Xp--
21. ambm-am{Xw hnZn-ssXzhw kn-tZI ctkm-lybw
h a\p-jy-\ - mXmIpp. arK-tbm-\n-bn P\n--Xp-sIm-
hn`tm lyb-am-tZtim \ qe {]-a-\zlw p-am{Xw Hcp arK-ns\ arK-sav ]d-bm ]mSn-.
22. \ kqva a {]-a-Xyw \ {]w bYm m\-an- m--h-\mWv arKw. {_s khm-
\ IzNn-pt\ m-hm-bn--cp-Xp m\n arXyp-ap-J-n\nv tamNn-
ss\hm-{]w t\m`-bXx {]w \ pXmWv. tam e_v[n-p GI-amw ]c-am--
{]-am--cw. m\w am{XamsWv Adn-bp-I.

N P
 532

I 2. Imex kz`mthm \nb-Xn bZrm ImcWm-c\-. Ch Nnnv APo-m-kp-I [ym\n-

K
`qXm\n tbm\nx ]pcpj CXn Nnyw p-Ibpw kzKp-Wm-hr-Xh - pw, kzcq-]`- q-Xhpw ANn-y-hp-
amb Bi-nsb kmm-XvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp. ]c-
kwtbmK Gjmw \ Xzm-`mhm
m-hn-tXpXs-bmWv B Znhy-amb in. Hcp- t-a\n-
Zmm-ly-\oix kpJ ZpxJ tltXmx
bpw, apv he- b-fpw ]Xn-\m-dp-X-e-bpw AXv Ac-fpw
3. tX [ym\-tbm-Km-\p-KXm A]-iy Ccp-]Xv klm-bI Ac-fpw Bcv AjvS-I - fpw Hcp
tZhm-i
-
- nw. kzKssW \nipVmw ]mihpw At\-cq-]-fpw aqp-t`-Z--fp-Xpw Hcp \m`n-
bx Imc-Wm\n \nJn-em\n Xm\n tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-X-amb N{Is Ah Ip. Ap t{kmX-
p-I- fn \npw D-hn-p hnj-bm--I- P-e-n k-
Xmem-b
- p-m-\y-[njvT tXyIx
-hp-amb \Zn Ap ]h-Xt- mSp IqSn-bXpw AXp
4. Xta-Ikvanw kv{XnhrXw tjmUm-imw t`X--tfmSp IqSn-bp-apXmIp-p. Fm Pohn-Ipw
iXm[mcw hnwiXn {]Xym-cm`nx B{i-b-am-bn-cn-p hnkvXr-X-amb Cu {_-N-{I-n
AjvSssIx jUv`n hniz-cq-ss]-I-]mi Pohm-mhp {`aWw sNbvXpsIm-n-cnp-p. Pohm-mhv
{Xnam-t`Zw Zzn\n-bn-ssI tamlw X\npw as-m- hpw t{]cW \Ip ]c-am-m-hns\
\mbn a\-n-em- n- -gn-bp-tm ]c-am- m-hp-ambn
5. ]-t{km-tXm_p ]tbm \yp{K-hy{mw
XmZmyw {]m]nv Aar-X-Xzs {]m]n-p-XmWv. thZ-
]-{]m-tWmn ]-_p-[ymZn aqemw ]m ]c-am- m- hns alXzw DZvtLm-jn-p-XmWv. kh-
hmw ] ZpxJuL-thKmw t{i-jvThpw Ahn-\m-inbpw Bbn ]c-{_w ]cn-ek - n-p-
]m-iXv t`Zw ] ]hm [oam w. thZ--m A-cym-an-bmbn nXn-sN-p B ]c-
6. khm Poth kh kwt _rlt am-m-hns\ Nnn-p-Xs - -bmWv AXn hnebw {]m]n-
n-p--Xv. hym-hy-a - mbn \ne-sIm-p Cu {]]-
Xkvan lwtkm {`aytX {_ Nt{I
s [cnp kwc-n-p-Xv B ]c-{_w Xs-
]rY-Km-m\w t{]cn-Xmcw N aXz bmIpp. Pohm-mhv kwkm-c-hn-jb - -t`m-K
- A\p-`-
PqjvS-kvXX kvtX\m arX-Xz-taXn hn-p--Xm-I-bm {]Ir-Xnv hiw-h-Z-ambn {]]--_--
7. DZvKo-Y-ta-XXv ]caw Xp {_ \- n s]p- g-e p- p. Fm ]c-{_- m- -I -a mb
Xkvanw kv{Xbw kz {]Xn-jvTm-cw N m\w t\Sngnm kIe _-\ - -fn\npw
ap-amIp-XmWv. m\n-sbpw Am-\n-sbpw
A{Xm-cw thZ-hntZm hnZnXzm eo\m.
ka-sapw Ak-aXvY-sapw Pohm-m- cp
]tc {_Wn XXv ]cm-bWmx hn[-n-ep-v. Pohn-I-\p-Iq-e-amb t`mKy-h-kvXp-
8. kwbp--ta-XXv c-a-cw N {]Zm\w sNp in Cu {]IrXn XsbmIpp.
hym-hyw `ctX hniz-aoi; bYm-n ]c- {_w kq- cq-]- bp-hpw Ir-
A\o-i
- mm _[ytX t`mr `mhm XzmZn A`n-am-\-c-ln-X\pw A-c-ln-X\pw BIpp. Cuiz-
c Poh {]IrXn Cu aqn-s\bpw a\p-jy {_-
9. mu ZzmhPm hoim\o imh-Pm-tlyIm
ns cq]-n A\p-`-hn-ptm Ahs _-\-
t`mr t`mKm bpm -sfmw hnt-Zn--s-SpXmWv. {]IrXn \iz-c-am-Ip-p.
A\--mm hniz-cq-t]m-ly-Im Fm AXns t`mm-hmb Bmhv Ahn-\m-in-\n-
{Xbw bZm hnptX {_-tly-XXv bmstmWw. Htcsbmcp Cuiz-c Xs-bm-Wv. \iz-
10. cw {][m\aar-Xmcw lcx c- amb Cu {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb Bm-hn- s\bpw
\nb-{n-p-X - .v a\-ns\ Cuiz-c-\n ebn-nv Cuiz-
cmXv am\m-ho-itX tZh GIx
cs\ \nc-cw Nnn-p-sIm-n-cp-m HSp-hn km[-
Xkym-`n[ym\m tZymP-\m-Xz `mhmXv I At-l-s-s {]m]n-p-XmWv. B \ne-bn-
`qbmt hniz-am-bm-\n-hrn se-p-tm a\p-jy kI-ea - m-b-I-fn\npw hnap--
Iew, kz`m-hw, ^e-Im-c-Wa - mb Iw, BIkva- nI \m-bn-o-cp-XmWv.
kw`-hw, Pohm-mhv Ch hnkz--\p-Im-c-W-amtWm? Ah 11. mXzm tZhw apNytX kh ]mssix
tNX\mmhns\ Xs B{i- b n- p- -h -b mIpp. ossWx tsskP--arXyp {]lm-Wn.
kpJZpxJv Imc-Wa - mb {]mcm-_v[
- v hiw- Xkvam-`n-[ym-\mXv {XnXbw tZl-t`tZ
h-Z -ambn Ign-b p- -P o-hm- mhpw Cu hnizm-k - n\p
hnssizizcyw tIhe B]vXI
- max
N P

I 12. GX-Pvtbw \nXy-ta-hm kww \mXx
]cw-th-Zn-Xhyw lnIn-nXv
t`mm t`mKyw t{]cn-Xmcw N aXzm
khw t{]mw {Xnhn[w {_-tly-XXv
13. B-hn-Zym-Xt- ]m-aqew XZv{_-tm-]\
- n-jZv ]cw
]c-am- m-hns\ [ym\nam{X-bn Xs kIe
]m]fn\npw hnap--\m-Ip-XmWv. ti- \in-
-tijw XrXob temIw hsc A\m-k-\ - m-bn-cp--Xp-
sImv P-ar-Xyp--fn \n-Iv ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-w.
{_w Xn Xs-bm-Wp-Xv. AXn-s\--s-bmWv
]cn-]q-ambn Adn-tb-Xpw. {_-s-mfpw Adn-tb-
-Xmbn bmsXm-p-ans-pXs Icp-XpI. t`mKy-sapw
t{]c-I-sapw Adnp Ign-m Fm-hpw kzbw
m\w DZbw sNp-XmWv. aqp hyXykvX hkvXp-
-fnepw {_w Xs-bmWv hn-p--sX-dn-bpI.
AXv ssIh-cn-m-\p aqe-km-[\ X]p B-m-
\-hp- sav Adnbp-I.
14. bx Ghw hnZnXzm kzcq-]t- a-hm-\p-Nn--b X{X
tIm tamlx Ix timIx GIXz a\p-]i - yXx XkvamZv
hncmUv `qXw `hyw `hn-jyXv `h-Xy-\-iz-ck - z-cq-]w.
Cu hn[w a\-n-emn Xs kzcq-]-amb {_-s-
s [ym\np sImn-cn-p m\nv timI-sa-
hn-sS, taml-sa-hnsS? `qXw h-am\w `mhn Fo {XoIm-
em--I-amb hnizw Ahn-\m-in-bmb {_-ns cq]w
XsbmIpp.
15. AtWm-cW - o-bm al-tXm-a-lo-bm
Bmky Ptm\n-lntXm Kplm-bmw.
Xa-{IXpw ]iyXn hoX-timtIm [mXpx
{]km-Zm--ln-am-\-aoiw
16. A]m-Wn-]mtZm Pht\m {KloXm
]iy Xy Npxk irtWmXy Ix
k thn thZyw \ N XkymkvXn thm-Xam
lpc{Kyw ]pcpjw alm-w.
17. AJocw icotcjz\-h-t-jz-h-nXw
almw hn`q-am-m\w aXzm [otcm \ timN-Xn.
18. khky [mXm-ca - -Nny imnw
khm-K-a-m hnti-j-thZyw
]cm-Xv]cw ]caw ]caw thZn-Xhyw khmh
kmt\ kIr-tZz-Xn-Xhyw
19. Ihnw-]p-cmWw ]pcp-tjm-t- am-aw
kth-izcw kh-tZ-ssh-cp-]mkyw
A\mZn a[ym--a-\-a - -hybw inhm-NypXmw
t_mcp-lK- ` `q[cw
N P
533
20. tkz\m hrXw kh-anZw {]]w K
]m-Iw ]-kp-h-am\w ]o-IXm \
`h-{]-]w
]o-IrX kzmh-b-ssh-c-kw-hr-Xw.
21. ]cm-Xv]cw b-ltXm almw
kzcq-]t- X-tPm-ab imizXw inhw
\mhn-ctXm Zpn-cn-Xm-m-imtm \mk-a-lnXx
\mim-a - -\tkm hm]n {]m-t\-ss\
-\-am-]v\p-bmXv
22. \mx {]w \_lnx {]w
\ qew \mqew \ PvRm\w \mm\w
t\m `btXx {]-a-{Km-ly-a-hy-h-lmcyw
kzx nXx kzb-ta-thXn b Ghw thZ k
aptm `hXn
kaptm `h-Xo-Xyl `K-hm ]nXm-alx
AWp-hn shv AWphpw al-nepw al-p-amb
B {_w Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-t-{X-n tim`n-p-p.
AXp-Xs Fm-h-cp-sSbpw P-Zm-Xm-hpw kwc--I\pw
AXns Zb-bm a\p-jy ]c-am-m-hns\ kmm-XI v -
cnv AXns aln-asb Adn-bp-p. AX-dn-bp--h Fm
ZpxJ-n \npw ap-\m-Ip-XmWv. B ]c-am-mhv
ssIIm-ep-I IqSmsX kh-kvXp--sfbpw {Kln-p-
XpamWv. AXn-thKw Ncn-p-p. Ip-Iq-SmsX Fmw
ImWpIbpw sNpp. ImXp-Iq-SmsX tIp-XpamWv.
mX-hy-h-kvXp--fpsSsbmw mXm-hmIpp AXv.
]t Bcpw AXns\ th-X p-t ]mse Adn-b p- n-
sXmWv kXyw. m\n-I AXns\ ]pcm-W] - p-cp-j-
s\v ]d-b-sSpp. AXv Cuizc tZl--fn ico-c-an-
msX IpSnsImpXmWv. kI-eXpw t]mjn-n-p
ANny in-bm-Ipp A-Xv. kIe imkv{X-fpw
AXns k-sb-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-n-p-v. ]c-{_--cq-]-
n Adn-tb-Xv AXp-Xs - bmIpp. {]]--ns
{]f-b-Im-epw Adn-b-s-tS-Xv AXp-X-sbmWv. AXp-
Xs ]pcp-tjm--a\pw {XnIme m\nbpw kth-iz-
c\pw tZh-]q-Pn-X\pw AXv BZn-a-[ymw lnXhpw Ahn-
\m-i n-b p-a mIpp. {_-a mb AXv hnjvW p, inh,
{_mhv Fo-cq-]-n-ep hr-ns Bhn- jvIm-
hm-Ipp. ]-`q-Xm kzmwio-I-cn-n-p-Xv Fnepw
]-` q-X m- - I -a mb {]]- s AhX-s -b mWv
kzmwio-I-cn-n-p--X.v LS-I--fm kzbw {]`m-hn-X-\-.
AXv kzbw {]Imi-cq-]-amWv; k\m-X\ - \
- mWv Ieym-W-
kz-cq-]hpw al-p-amWv BNm-c-ip-n-bn-m--h C{nb
\n{Klw k m[n- m- - h NeNn C hv
{_s {]m]n-p-hm km[yamIpX-. AXv B-
cn-Is
- tbm _mly-stbm DZ-b-_m-lym-`ym--c--
sftbm Adn-b p- pan- . AXv qetam kqvatam
 534

I m\-kz-cq-]tam Am\ kzcq-]tam A`n-K-ayt\m \nm-Xp-t]mse Abm Hcn-epw Hcn-Sv nc-ambn

AmXmWv. AXv bmsXmcp hn[-amb hyh-lm-c-]-cn-[n-
bnepw s]Sp-n-. B-cn-I-amb cq]-n AXv kzbw
nXn sNp-XmWv. Cs\ B]-c-{_-s - -p-dn--
dn m\n tamw {]m]n-p-p-shv ]nXm-a-l
Acp-fpp.
23. kzkz-cq-]x ]cn-{hmSv ]cn-{hm-tU-ImIo Nc-
Xn-`-b-{XkvX kmcw-Kh - -n-jvTXn Ka\ hntcmZw
\ ItcmXn kzi-coc hyXn-cnw khw Xyzm
jSv]-Z-hrXym nXz kzcq-]m-\p-k - m\w Iph
kh-a-\\y _pym, kzkvan-t-ha - ptm `h-Xn.
k ]cn-{hmSv kh-{Inbm ImcI \nh-tIm-Kp-cp-
in- j y- i m- k v {Xm-Z n-h n-\ napx kh kwkmcw
hnkrPy Nmtam-lnXx ]cn-{hmSv IYw \n[-\nIx
kpJo [\- h m m\m- m- t \m- ` bm XoXx
kpJ-Zpx-Jm-XoXx kzbw tPymXn {]Imix kh-
thZyx khx kh knoZx kth-i z- c x-
tkmlanXn XZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw b{X KXzm
\ \nht tbmKn\x kqtcym \ X{X-` mXn
\iim-tm]n \ k ]p\-cm-htX \ k ]p\cm
htX XXv ssIh-ey-an-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
kzkz-cq]w Adn k\ymkn GIm-In-bmbn am{Xw
k-cn-pp. t]Sn--c
- -am Hcn-Spw kz-ambn
K
hkn-pX-. asm-cn-Sv t]mIWw F Nnbpw
Ah\n. Abm kI-eXpw XyPnv `nm-hr-n-sImv
hbdp \nd-b v p- XmWv. kZm-kz-cq] [ym\-] -c-\mbn
kIe Pohn- I-tfbpw Bm- hn-s\- t]mse Icp-Xp-p. GXm-
Zr-iy-\mb kw\ymkn XnIpw _\ hnap-\ - m-Wv.
{Inbm-I m-c I t`Z-fpw Abm Adn-b p- n- . Kpcp,
injy, imkv{Xw Fo _-\--fm Ah\v _-\-
an- . XymKn- b mb Ah\v ZpxJ- a n- . kmwk-cn-I -a mb
sFizcyw XyPn-mte kw\ym-knv kpJw Inp-Ib - p-q.
Abm m\-n\pw Am-\-n\pw AXo-X-\m-Wv.
kpJZpxJm-Zn-I Abmsf _m[n-n-. Bm-hn \nv
{]Imiw e`nv Abm Adn-tb- -sXmw Adn- bp-XmWv.
kIe knn-Ifpw sImSp-m Ah ka-\m-Ip-p.
kth-i z- c\pw kh-i - -\ p- a mbn `hn- pXmWv .
Abm Xss {_-sav IcpXpw. `K-h m
hnjvWp-hns ]c-a] - Zw B ]c-{_w Xs-bmIpp.
]c-{_w {]m]n-m Ign-h\v kwkmc kmK-c - n
]Xn-t--Xmbn hcppan-. kqcy-N{- -m-cpsS {]Im-i-
n\pw B[m-a - n-se-m Ign-bn. AhnsS Fn-b-
h P\-\-ac - -W-N-{I-n \npw hnap--\m-Ip-XmWv.
Fs-m AXp XsbmWv- ssIheyw ]Zw. C{]-Imcw
D]-\n-j-v A\p-im-kn-pp.
\mc-Z]
- c
- n- {hm-P-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 \mcm- b - W m- Y in- t cm- ] - \ n- j v

3

Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `p\p kl- Pmb-tX, \mcm-b-WmXv cpt{Zm Pmb-tX. \mcm-b-Wm-

hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\mh [oX-akvXp am Znt{m PmbtX \mcm-b-WmXv {]Pm-]Xnx {]Pm-b-
hnZnjm hssl Hmw. imnx imnx imnx. tX. \mcm- b- W mXv ZzmZ-i m-Z nXym cpt{Zm-h - k hx
khmWn Omw-kn. \mcm-b-Wm-tZ-h-k-ap-X] v Z- y-t.
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb \sf cp-t]-scbpw
\mcm-b-WmXv {]h-t. \mcm-btW {]eo-b-
cn--s. cp t]scbpw ]cn-]m-en-s - . cp-t]cpw
t. GXZv EtKzm-Zi - n-tcm[otX.
Hcp-a np Ign- h pI t\S- s . R-f psS A[y-b \w
tXmtPm-a-b-am-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw hntZzjw hln-m- Hmw. ]pcpj kzcq-] -\mb \mcm-b-W {]P-I sf
Xn-cn-s- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx. krjvSn- m-\m- {K-ln-p. \mcm-b-W-\n\npw {]mW Dm-
bn. Fm C{n-b-fpw a\pw At-l-n \np-m-
1. Hmw. AY-]p-cp-tjml ssh \mcm-b-tWImabX
bn. BIm-iw, hmbp, tPymXn-v, Pew, ]rYzn Fo hniz-
{]Pmx krtP-tb-Xn. \mcm-b-WmXv {]mtWm-Pm-btX
[m-cnIfmb ]-`q-X - \mcm-b-W-\n \np-Xs - -bp-
a\x kth-{n-bmWn N Jw hmbptPym-Xn-cm]mx
m-bn. \mcm-b-W-\n\np Xs {_mhpw cp{Z\pw
]rYnho hnizmky [mcn-Wo. \mcm-b-WmXv {_m
N P
 535

I C{\pw {]Pm-]-Xnbpw ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-m-cpw-G-Im-Zi cp{Z-mcpw 4. {]Xy-Km-\w {_]p-cpjw {]Wh kzcq]wK

AjvS-h-kp-fpw kI-e-hn-[-n-ep O-p-Ifpw Dm- AImc DImtcm aImc CXn. Xm At\-I[m ka-`-
bn. \mcm-b-W\
- n \np Xs kIXpw DZv`-hn-p-Ibpw h--tZX tZmanXn b apzm-ap-NytX tbmKo P-
sNp-p. ]WvUn-X- m EtKz-Z-nse {][m-\-s Cu kw-kmc _-\mXv "Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn'
AwKw A[y-b\w sNp-p. at{m- ] m- k tIm sshIp- W v T -` p- h \w Kan- j yXn
XZnZw ]pWvU-coIw hnm-\-L\w Xkvam-U - n-
2. AY \ntXym \mcm- bWx {_m- \ m- c m- bWx
Zm-`-am-{Xw. {_tWym tZhIo ]pt{Xm {_tWym
inh \mcm-bWx i{I \mcm-bWx Ime
a[ p - k q- Z t\ m {_ ay x ] p W - U c o I mt m
\mcm-bWx Zni \mcm-bWx hnZn-i-\ - m-cm-bWx
{_tWym hnjv Wp-c -N ypX CXn. kh-`q-X--
Du[zw N \mcm-bWx A[ \mcm-bWx A
taIw ssh\m-c m-bWw ImcW ]qcp-j -a-I m-c Ww
_ln \mcm-bWx \mcmbW Gth-Z w. khw
]cw {_ Hmw. GX-Z-Yh-in-tcm-tbm-[o-tX.
bZv `qXw b `hyw \njvI-ftm \nc-RvP t\m
\nhn-Ievt]m \ncm-JymXx iptm tZh GtIm-\m- AIm-cw, DIm-cw, aImcw Ch tNp-mb "Hmw'
cm-btWm \ ZznXotbm kvXn In-Xv. b Ghw FXv B\--cq-]hpw {_-]p-cp-jc - q-]hpw {]W-hkz-
thZ k hnjvWp tchh `hXn b GX-Zy-p thZ cq]hpam-Ip-p. Cu HmwImc P]w sImv tbmKn-I
intcm-[otcm. khn-[a - mb kwkm-c-_ - -fpw hnt-Znp P\-\a - c
- -W-
-fn\nv apn t\Sp-p. Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb F
\mcm-b-W \nXyhpw {_mhpw inh-\pw ic\pw
at{m-]m-k\ sNp-h - sshIpWvT temIw {]m]n-p-
Ime\pw Znp- Ifpw hnZn-p- Ifpw BIp-p. apI `mKhpw
p. Cu lrZ-b-I-aew hnm-\-cq-]-am-Ip-p. CXn\nv
Xmsg `mKhpw Dpw ]pd-sabpw Fmw \mcm-b-W-\m-Ip-
hnZyp-X{v ]-`m-]q-c-ap-m-Ip-p. CXn-s\--s-bmWv tZhIo
p. P\n-Xpw taem P\n-m t]mIp-Xpw Fmw
]p{X-s\pw a[p-kq-Z-\-s\pw ]pWvU-co-Im--s\pw
\mcm-b-W Xsbm-Ip-p. Cu \mcm-b-W-\-msX cm-
hnjvWp-shpw ANyp-X-s\pw ]dbp-Xv. kIe Pohn-
a-sXm-n-. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h hnjvWp-kz-cq-]\ - m-
I-fnepw Cu \mcm-b-W Xs Xs hkn-p- p.
bn-o-cp-p. bpth-tZm--amb Cu t{ijvT-XX - zs
Atlw Imc-W-]p-cp-j-\m-sW-nepw Imc-W-c-ln-X\ - m-W.v
Adn-hp--h A[y-b\w sNp-p.
Ctlw Xs ]c-{_w; AYh intcm-`m-K-amb Cu
3. Hman Xyt{K hyml-tcXv \a CXn ]mXv \mcm- a{w Adn-hp--h A[y-b\w sNp-p.
b-Wm-tbXyp ]cn-jvSmXv Hman-tXy-Im-cw \a CXn
5. {]mX-c -[n-b-amt\m cm{Xn IrXw ]m]w \mi-b-
tZz Atc \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn ]m- -cmWn
Xn. kmb-a-[o-bmt\m Znh-k-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn.
GXssZz \mcm-b-W-kym-jvSm-cw ]Zw tbm l
XXv kmbw {]mX-c-[o-b-amtWm A]mt]m `h-Xn.
ssh \mcm-bW kymjvSm-cw ]Z-a-t[yXn A\-]-
a[yw Zn\-am-Zn-XymZn aptJm A[o-bm\x ]-a-lm-
{_phx kh- a m- b qtc Xn hntX {]mPm-] Xyw
]mX tIm]-]m-X-ImXv {]ap-Ny-tX. kh-th-Z-]m-cm-
cmbkvt ]mjw Ku]Xyw XtXmarXya-i v\ ptX
bW ]pWyw e`-t X. \mcm-b W kmbq-P y- a - h m-
XtXmarXXz aiv \ pX CXn GXXv kma- thZ
]vt\mXn b Ghw thZ.
intcm [otcm.
Cu a{w {]`m-X-n P]n-m cm{Xn-bn sNbvX
BZyw "Hmw' Fpw ]ns "\a' Fpw D-cn--
kIe ]m]-fpw \in-p-t]mIpw. kym Imev P]n-
Ww. Hmm-c-n Hcp A-chpw \ax FXn c-
m ]I sNbvX ]m]w apgp-h\pw \in-p-p. a[ym-
-chpw \mcm-b-Wm-tbXn F-Xn A--chpw Dv.
-k-ab - v kqcy\v A`n-ap-J-ambn \np-sImv Cu
Cs\ AXv \mcm-b-Ws AjvSm--c-a{- -am-bn-o-cp-
a{w P]n-m ]-a-lm-]m-XI - -fpw D]-]m-X-I
- fpw
p. Cu a{w P]n-m a\p-jy AIme ac-W - n
\in-p-p. Ah\v kI-e-th-Z-fpw A[y-b\w sNbvXm-
\npw c-{]m-]nv ]qm-bpv A\p-`-hn-p-p. Ah\v
ep ^ew e`n-p-p. Ah\v {io\m-cm-b-Ws kmbq-
kh-hn[ [\-fpw ssIh-cp-p. Ah-km\w Ah Aar-
Py-am-Ip apn e`n-p-p. As\ {io\m-cm-b-Ws
Xs A\p-`-hn-p-p. kma-th-Z-nse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb
kmm-XvImcw e`n-p-p.
Cu a{w P\- ]Tn-p-p.
\mcm-b-Wm-Y h-in-tcm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N P
 536

I K
1 \ncm-e-tm-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw _x. tIm tamx Ix D]mkyx I injymx.
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]q- tIm hnZzm tIm aqUx. Inam-kpcw In X]x
ap-Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh In ]caw ]Zw.
injy-tX. Inw {Kmlyw. Ina-{Km-lyw. Ix k\ymko
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKpw ]q- Xymi-yml {_t-Xn.
am-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n \np-amWv Cu ]q {_-sa-m-sev? Cuiz-c Bcv? Poh Fv?
{]]w Dm-bn-p--Xv. Cu ]q-{_--n \npw {]IrXn FmWv? ]c- am-m- sh-mWv? {_mhv BcmWv?
]q-{]]sa-Sp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs Ah-ti- hnjvWp BcmWv? cp{Z BcmWv? C{ Bcv? N{
jn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx Bcv? kqcy Bcv? Akp-c-m Bcv? ]nim-Np- Bcv?
1. Hmw. \a-n-hmb Kpcth kn-Zm-\ aqtb a\p-j y Bcv? kv{XoI Bcv? arKm-Z n-I Fv?
\njv{]-]-mb imm-b-\c - m-ew-_mb tXPtk mhcw Fv? {_m-Wm- Zn- I Bcv? PmXn Fm-sev?
2. \ncm-ew_w kam-{inXy kmew_w hnP-lm-Xnbx I-sav? AI-s av? m\-sav? Am-\-
sav? kpJ-sav? ZpxJ-sav? kzK-taXv? \c-I-taXv?
k k\ymko N tbmKo N ssIheyw
F-XmWv _ptamsa-Xv? D]m-k-\m-tbm-Ky-\m-bn-
]Z-aiv\p tX.
p--Xmcv? BcmWv injy? BcmWv hnZzm? BcmWv
inh\pw Kpcphpw kn-Zm-\--aqnbpw {]]--c-ln- aqV? Bkp-c-amb sXv? FmWv X]v? FmWv
X\pw im\pw BNm-cy-c-ln-X\pw tXtPm-ab\pamb ]c- ]c-a-] Zw? FmWv {Kmlyw? FmWv A{Kmlyw?
am- m-hn\v \a-kvIm-cw. \ncm-ew- _-amb ]c-a-X-Xzs B{i- BcmWv kw\ymkn? CsXmw {_-ns cq]--fm-sW-
bnv kmew-_-amb {]]-s Dt]-n-p--h BWv -dnv ]d-p.
k\ym-kn. Ah Xs tbmKn. Ah tamw {]m]n-
5. k tlmhmN al-Z-l-mc ]rYn-hy]v tXtPm-hm-
p- p.
bzm-I m-i-tXz\ _rl-Zvc q-t]W AWvU -tIm-ti\
3. Gjm am\ Pq-\mw-k-a-kvXm- I-m-\m cq]-Xbm `mk-am-\a - Zzn Xob-a-
cnjvS imtb Jn-tem-] m[n hn\napw XXv kI-e-i yp ]
bZyZv t_m[-hy-a-Jnew XZm-iy {_ho-aylw _rwlnXw A\m- Z y- \ w ipw inhw imw
Am-\n-If - mb Pohn-I-fpsS kh-Zpx-J-fpw ian-
\nKp-W -a n-X ymZn hmNy-h -\ nhmNyw ssNX\yw
n-p--Xn-\mbn GsXm-mtWm Adn-tb-Xv AsXmw {_ Cuizc CXnN {_ssh kz inw {]-
Rm Nnnv ChnsS ]d-bp-p. Ir-Xy-`n-t[-bm-am-{inXy temIm krjvSzm {]hn-iym-
-cym-an-tXz\ {_m-Zo\mw _po-{nb \nb-{r-
4. Inw {_ Ix Cuizcx tIm Pohx Im{]-IrXnx X zm- Z o- i z- c . P oh CXn N. {_
Ix ]c-amm tIm {_m. tIm hnjvWpx hnjv W oimt\{mZo\mw \ma-c q-] -Z zmcm qtem
tImx cp{Zx lanXm anYym [ ymk- h - i m- ohx tkml
I C{x. Ix ia\x Ix kqcymx. I-{x. tatIm]n tZlm-cw-`I t`Z-hi - mZv _lp-Po-hx-{]-Ir-
tIkp-cmx. Xn-cn-XnN {_Wx kIm-im-m\m hnNn{X PK-
tI Akp-cmx. tI ]nimNmx tI a\p-jymx. nmW kmay _pn-cq]m {_ in-tc-
Imx kv{Xobx. h-{]-IrXnx ]c-am-tXn N tZlmtZx ]c-X-cX - zmZv
{_ssh ]c-amm k {_m k hnjvWpx k
I ]izm-Zb - x. Inw mh-cw. tI {_m-Wm-Zbx
C { x k i a\ x k x k qc y mx k N { k vtX
tIm PmXnx. Inw I, Ina-I. Inw m\w.
kpcmkvt X Akp-c mkv t X ]nim- N mkv tX a\p-
Inw m\w.
j y mk vX mx k v{X obk vtX ] i zm- Z b k vX X v
Inw kpJw Inw ZpxJw. Ix kzx. tIm mhcw tX {_m-Wm-Zbx khw JeznZw {_
\c-Ix. tIm t\l-\m\m kvXn In-\.

N P
 537

I Atlw ]dp: ""al--Xzw, Al-m-cw, ]rYzn, N AkXv kwkmc hnjb P\-k w-k Gh K
Pew, hmbp, An, hmbp, BImiw Fn-h-bpsS cq]- \cIx _ CXn N A\mXy hnZym hmk-\bm
nepw AtX {]Imcw {_m-WvU-cq-]-nepw I- PmtXm Al-an-XymZn kevt]m _x ]nXr-amXr
m-\m cq]--fnepw {]Im-in-n-cp-npw kthm-]m-ktlm- Z c Zmcm- ] Xy Krlm- c ma t{X aaXm
[n-c-ln-Xhpw AZzn-Xo-bhpw kh-i
- n-apw BZy--c- kwkmcm hc-W-k-evt]m _x Ir-Xzm-Zylw
c-ln-Xhpw iphpw imhpw \nKp-Whpw Ah-\o- Imc- k - evt ]m _x AWn- a m- Z y- j vs sS- i zcym
b-hp-amb ssNX-\y-s-bmWv ]c-{_--sap ]d-bp--X.vimkn kev t]m _x tZh-a -\ p-j ym-Z yp-] m-
Cuiz-cs cq]-am-sW-n Cu ]c-{_w Xs k\m Ima-k-evt]m _x bam-Zy-jvSmwK tbmK
Xs {]IrXn Fp t]cp insb B{i-b nv kevt ]m _x hm-{ia [ kevt]m
temI krjvSnp-Ibpw A-cym-an-bmbn Ah-bn _x Bm-`b kwi-b m KpW-k- evt]m
{]th-inv {_mZn Pohn-I-fpsS _pn C{nbw XpS-n- _x bmK-{h-X-X-t]m-Zm\ hn[n hn[m-\-m\m
b-hsb \nb-{n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atm-gmWv AXv km`thm _x tIhe tamm-t] kevt]m
Cuiz-c-s\v ]d-b-s-Sp--X.v Cu ssNX-\ys {_mhv _x k-ev]a - m{X kw`thm _x tam CXn
hnjvWp, i-c, C{ Fo \mep cq]- aptJ\ N \nXym- \ nXyhkv Xp hnNm-cm-Z\
- nXy kwkm-ck - pJ
""Rm qe-amWv'' F anYysb tZlm-`n-am\w P\n- ZpxJ hnj- b - k - a - k vX - t {X aa _- tbm
ptm AXv Poh Fv ]d- b- s-Sp-p. Cu ssNX\yw tamx
""B {_w Rm Xs'' F cq]-n GI-Xzs
PmXn FXv sXmen- bp- sStbm c- n- stbm amwk-
A\p-`-hn-p-p. Fnepw hn`n--i-co-c--fm AXv Poh-
n-stbm An-I-fp-sStbm Bm-hn-stbm A. AXv
cq-]a
- m-bn-o-cp-p. At\I Xc-n-ep hnNn-{X-tem-I-
tIhew k-ev]-am-W.v I-ns Aw C{n-b-
sf krjvSn-m Ign-hp--XmWv {]Ir-Xn. {_-ns
sNp {Inb-I Fm-Ip-p. ""Rm sNpp'' Fv
_pn-i-n-bmWv {]Ir-Xn-sbv ]d-bs - -Sp--Xv. tZlm-Zn-
A[ym--\n- jvT-tbmsS sNp {]hr-nsb am{Xta I-
I-Xo-X-amb {_w Xs-bm-Wv. ]c-am-mhv {_w
sav ]d-bm km[n-q. IrXz t`mrXz P\y-amb
Xs. {_m-hv, hnjvWp, C{, ba, kqcy, N{,
A`n-a m\w sImv Cs\ \nXy-ss\-a n- n-I -fpw
tZh, Akp-c, ]nim-N,v a\p-jy, kv{Xo, ]pcp-j,
bw {hXw X]v Zm\w Fn-h-bn ^em- t]tbmsS
arKw Fn-h-bpsS cq]--fn {]I-S-am-Ip--X.v CXp Xs-
sN-s-Sp I-fpw AIw Fv Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
bmWv mhcw {_m- Wm- Zn- Ifpw kI- e-temI- fpw {_w
m\s kw_-n-m-sW-n, krjvSn-bpsS Fm
Xs. {_-n \npw `n-ambn bmsXm-p-an-.
]cn-h- \m-- I--fmb hkvXp-- fnepw Hmtcm ssNX\y
6. PmXn- c n- X n- N , \ NtWm \ cky \ XXzw ImW-s-Sp-p-v. asm-p-a-. {`jvSm-hns cq]-
amwkky \ Nmn\x PmXn-cm-t\m PmXn hyh- ambpw Zriy-cq-]-ambpw Ccn-p-Xv AXp-X-s-bm-W.v Cu
lmc {]I-e v] n-X m, ItXn N {Inbm-am-tW-{n- ssNX\yw CXv kI-e-cp-sSbpw Dn hkn-p-p. kI-
ssbx, Im-W y- l w, Itcm-a o-X y-[ ym \njvT e-Xnepw kam-\a - m-Wn-Xv. hnIm-cc
- -ln-Xh- p-am-Wv. Fnepw
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kzcq]w khm- - c w khkaw LS-] -SmZn
n Ib-dn k-am-sW\v sXn-m-cW Dm-Ip--Xp-
]Zm-an-hm-hn-Imcw hnIm-tcjp ssNX\yw hn\m-
t]mse kI-e-Xnepw tIm-s-n-cn-p-Xpw kh-cq-
In-n-m-kvXoXn kmm-XvIm-cm-\p-`thm m\w
]hpw GI-am-{X-hp-amb {_-n tZh, ]n, arKw,
Am-\-anXn N cu k-{`mn cnhm ZznXotb
a\p-jy, mh-cw, kv{Xo, ]pcp-j, hw, B{i-aw,
khm-\p-kyqtX kh-atb {_Wn tZh-Xn-cyMv
_w, tamw XpS-nb \nc-h[n D]m-[n-I-tfmSp IqSnb
\c- m-h c kv{Xo]p-c pj hm-{ia _tam
A\m hkvXp-v t`Z-ap-sv k-ev]n-p--XmWv
tm]m[n \m\m t`Z- I - e v ] nXw m\- a -
Am-\w.
m\ w kp J- a nX n N k n- Z m- \ k zc q] w
mXzm \-cq-]bm nXn. sskh-kpJw ZpxJ- kpJ-ns \nh-N-\w kn-Zm-\-m--I-amb ]c-
anXn A\m-c - qt]m hnjb kev] Gh ZpxJw am-m-hns kzcq-]-a-dnv B\-m--I-amb GsXm-c-h-
kz CXn N kXv kwkx kzx \cI CXn -bmtWm ssIh-cp-Xv AXmWv kpJw.

N P

I kzw--D--a
- m-cpsS kam-Kaw Xs-bmWv kzw.
\c-Iw--A-k-Xy-tmSpw kmwkm-cn-I-hn-j-b--tfmSpw
kwkm-c-_- -cmb P\--tfm- Sp- ap kwkw Xs- bmWv
\c-Iw.
_w A\m-Zn-bmb Am\ hmk-\-bm ""Rm j-X v.
P\n-pp'' ""Rm acn-pp'' XpSnb Nn-I Dm-
Ip-Xp Xs-bmWv _-\w. A, A, ktlm-Z-
c, `mcy, aI, hoSv, tXmw, t{Xw XpS-n-bh Fs-
Xm-sW-p kmwkm-cn-Im-h-cW _-amb Nn-Ifpw
_\w Xs. AWn-am-Zn-I-fmb AjvssS-iz-cy- t\S-
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p. baw, \nbaw Fo AjvSmw-K-bp--amb tbmK-k--
ev]hpw _\w Xs. hm-{ia [ k-ev]hpw
_-\-a-s{X. B-`-bw, kwibw Fn-h-bpsS k-
ev]hpw bw, {hXw, X]-v, Zm\w hn[n-hn-[m-\-
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tIhew tamss Nnn-p-I-bm-sW-p-Xpw
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bp Nn-bm {]]--nse A\n-Xyhpw kpJ-Zpx-Jm-
-I-hp- amb Fm hnj- b-- fn \npw aa- X-bm- Ip _-
\-n\p \miw kw`-hn-p-I-bmWv tam-sav ]d-bmw.
7. D]mky CXn N kh ico-c ssNX\y {_
{]m]tIm Kpcp-cp-]mkyx injy CXn N hnZym-[zkvX
{]]-m-h -K m-l nX m\m-h-i njvSw {_ssh
injyx hnZzm-\nXn N khm--c - -kzkw hn{Zq]
hnZzn-hn-Zzm, aqV CXn N Ir XzmZy lwImc
`mhm-cqtVm aqVx Bkp-c-anXn N {_ hnjvWzo-
im-t\-{m-Zo\m ssaizcy Ima-\-bm-\n-ci
- \ Q]mn
tlm{Xn `njz- -cm-m\w km-]b - Xn NmXyp{K
cmK-tZzj hnlnwkm Zw`m-Zy-t]-nXw X] Bkp-
cw. X] CXn N {_ kXyw PK- n- t YyXy
]tcm m\m- n\m {_mssZy izcym im
kn kev] _oP kvXm]w X]x ]caw ]Z-anXn
N {]mtW-{n-bm-Zy-x Ica KpWmtZx ]c-Xcw kn-
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{Kmly-anXn N tZi-Ime hkvXp ]cn-tZ cmlnXy
Nnm{X kzcq]w {Kmlyw A{Km-ly-anXn N kz
kzcq] hyXn-cn ambm-ab _pn-{nb tKmNc
PKXv kXy Xz Nn-\a - -{Kmlyw kw\ymkoXn N
kh-[m ]cn-XyPy \ntam \nwl-MA - -Imc
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{_m- k v a n, khw Jev h nZw {_ t\l- \ m-
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m-\mXv {_ss hml-a-kvaoXn \nn-Xy-\nhn-
I e v] k am- [ nX m k zX t{ m bX n- - c X n
Q
N P
538
kw\ymko kapx kx ]qPyx ktbmKo k]-ca - w- K
ltkm Ah-[qXx k {_mW CXn. CZw \ncm-
ew-t _m-] -\ n-j Zw tbm[otX Kph\p {KlXw
tkmn ]qtXm `hXn k hmbp ]qtXm `hXn k
\ ]p\-cm-htX ]p\\m`n PmbX CXyp-]\ - n-
D]m-kym-Zn-I-fpsS \nh-N\w D]m-ky D]m-kn-p-
hm tbmKy-amb GI-hk - vXp-hns\ kI-e-ic
- o-c--fnepw
Dsm-p ssNX-\y-kz-cq-]-amb {_s {]m]n-
m klm-bn-p Kpcp-hmWv D]m-ky.
inj y m\w e`nv k wk m- c - a m- I p
Am\w \inv AKm-[- m-\-cq-]-n Ah-ti-jn-
p {_w GsXm-mtWm AXmWv injy.
hnZzm khm-c - ym-an-bmb Bm-hns m\-
kz- cq-]- a-dn- bp--h-\mWv hnZzm. aqV Ir-XzmZn Al-
mc`mh-n Bcq-V-\m-b -h-\mWv aqV. Bkp-cn
{_mhv hnjvWp atl-iz-c Fn-h-cpsS sFizcyw e`n-
-Ws - a taml-m D]-hm-kw, P]w, An-tlm{Xw
Fn-h-bm A-cm-m- hns\ ZpxJn- n-p-Ibpw cmK-tZzj
lnwkm Zw`mZn ZpKp-W--tfmsS X]--\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw
sNp--hmWv Bkp-cn. X]w ""{_-amWv kXyw, PKv
anYy-bmWv'' F m\-m {_m-Zn-If - psS sFiz-
cyw t\S-Ws - a-p kev]w \in-n-p--XmWv X]w.
]c- a-]-Zw {]mW, C{n-bw, a\v Fn- h-bn \nsmw
`nhpw kn-Zm-\ - k- z-cq-]hpw \nXy-ap-h - p-amb {_-
m-\-amWv ]c-a-]-Zw, {Kmlyw, tZiw, Imew, hkvXp Ch-
bpsS ]cn-t-Z-cl - n-Xa- mb Nnm-{X-kz-cq-]-amWv {Kmlyw;
A{Km-lyw B-kz-cq- ]-n \npw `n-amb amb-bm
k-ev]n-Xhpw _pn, C{nbw XpS-n-bh hnj-b-cq-]-
amb {]]-s kXy-sav Icp-Xp-X - pw, kw\ymkn
Fm [--tfm-Sp-samw Al-m-cw, aaX Fnh
shSnp {_s icWw {]m]n-p-Ibpw "XXz-akn'
"Alw{_mkv a n' khw Jevh nZw {_-t \-l \m
\mkvXn In\ Fo alm-XzmIr NXp-jvS-b- aptJ\
\nhn-Iev] kam-[n-bn Ah-n-X-\m-Ip-Ibpw kz-X-
{-\mb bXn-sb-tmse s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNp--h\ - mWv
kw\ym-kn. Ah Xs-bmWv ap. Ah Xs
tbmKn. Ah Xs ]c-al - w-k\pw Ah-[q-X\pw {_-
m-\n-bpw.
Cu \ncm-ew-t_m-]-\n-jp Kpcp-Ir-]-bm A[y-
b\w sNp-h - An-sb-t]m-sebpw hmbp-hn-s\-tm-
sebpw ]cn-ip-\- m-bn-o-cpp. Ah hopw {]]--
n hcp-n-. Ah\v ]p\-cm-h-\a - n-. Fv D]-\n-
jv A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
\ncm-e w-t_m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
 539

I K
1 \nhm-tWm-]-\n-jv 3
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hmNn {]Xn-jvTn-Xa
- m-hn-cm-hn a G[n thZky h ]pep-p. Ah-cpsS Ifn-I Icp-Wa - m{Xw Ah-cpsS
BWomx {ipXw ta am {]lm-k o- c -t \- \ m[n k` GIm--Xb - n DNn-X-amb Bk\w cNn-n-cn-p-I-bm-
tX\m tlmcm-{Xm-w-Z-[m-an. EXw hZn-jy-man, kXyw Wv. kzbw ]mIw sNmsX `n-bn\npw Inp-Xv
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amWv Ah-cpsS DSp-Xp-Wn-bmb Po-hk - v{Xw. Iu]o\w
Fs hmv a\-n kvYnc-am-bn-cn-tW. a\v
sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p. Nnbpw Z-hpw] ]mZp-Ibpw
hmn nc-am-bn-cn-tW. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th,
{_- Zi\w tbmK-]w Ch-bp-amWv k-v. Ah sNcn-
Ap Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. hmMv a\-p-Isf
p-ame t]mse \nm-c-ambn Icp-Xp-p. ]c-am-m-hns
\n cp-t]cpw Fs thZ-m-\ - n-\m-[m-ca - m-Wv.
C-bmWv Ah-cpsS BN-c-Ww. Ah-cpsS _w Ip-
AXn-\m Fs thZm-[y-b-\s \in-n-c - p-Xv. Fs
en-\n-bm-Wv. ]c-\n-m-c-ln-X\ - mb tbmKn Poh-p--\m-bn-
Zn\-cm-{X- Cu thZm`ym-k-n Nne-hg- nsSp-p.
o-cp-p. ]cm-Xv]-c-\p-am-bp kmbq-Py-amWv \n{Z. Ah
Rm am\-kn-I-ambpw hmNn-I- ambpw kXyw ]d-bmw. Fs
tJN-co-ap{Z hln-p-p. ]c-am-\ ]q-\m-W-h.
cn-p-I. hm-hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imn imn
imn 2. \n-X-Kp-W-{Xbw hnth-Ie - `yw at\m-hm-Kt- Km-
Ncw A\nXyw PK- -\nXw kz]v\P - -K-`-{Z-K-P m-Zn-
1. AY \nhm-tWm-]\ - n-jZw hymJym-kymax ]c-a-
Xpeyw XYm tZlm-Zn-kw-LmXw taml-Kp-W-Pm-eI - -
lwtkm lw ]cn-{hm-PImx ]n-a-e nwKmx a-Y-
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t-{X-]memx KK-\k - n-mx Aar-XI - tm e\Zo
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Abw \nc-RvP\w \nw-ib Ejnx \nhmtWm
ktXx ]c-ta-izc km kXy-kn--tbmKm aTx,
tZhXm \njvIe {]hrnx \njvtI-h-e - m\w
Aa- c - ] Zw XZv k z- c q]w BZn- { _- kz kwhnXv
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[n\n Im tbmtK\ kZm \kzcq]Zi-\w, B\-
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B\--amem GIm Kplmbmw apm-k-\-kpJ
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mx, ia-Z-amZn Znhy-i - ym-N-ctW t{X-]m-{X-
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Ip-en-\n-_x ]cm-h-]-hm-Z-aptm Poh-px
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`b-tam-lt- im-I-t{Im[ kvXymKx ]cm-h-ssc-Iy-c-kzm-
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Rm ]c-a-lw-k-\m-Wv. ]cn-{hm-P-I- m ]n-a-enw-K-tmSp {_-XtXz inh in kp-SnX {]]-t - O-Z\w
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bhpw \nte-]-hp-am-W.v \nw-i-b-amb Bm-hmWv Ah- kXmn Ia-epw I-\nq-e\w Im.
cpsS kzcq-]w. kwi-b-c-ln-X-amb Bm-hmWv Ah-cpsS ambm-a-a-Xm-l-mc Zl\w ivaimt\ A\m-lX - mwKn
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m\w kthm-]m-[n-hn-\np-a - m-Ip-p. D-X-n- lcWw Imam-Zn-hrn Zl\w ImTn\y ZrV-Iu-
Xn-p-th-n-bmWv Ah-cpsS A`ym-kw. Ah-cpsS Bk\w ]o\ Nocm-Pn-\-hmkx A\m-lX a{ A{In-ssbh
B{i-b-c-ln-X-am-Wv. ]c-am-m-hp-am-b p kmbq-Py-amWv PpjvS w tkzm-N mc kzkz-` mthm tamx ]cw
Ah-cpsS Zo. kwkm-c-tam-N\ - a
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N P
 540

I kh-kw-hn-\ymkw kw\ymkw At-{_-m-J- kzm-Z- \w. XmcI {_tlm- a-]- tZiw sNp-p. AssZzX kZm-
K
m-I mcw \nXyw kh-k w- tZ- l -\ m-i -\ w. GX- -\mWv Ah-cpsS tZh. C{nb \n{K-l-amWv \nb-aw.
nhm-W-Zi\w injyw ]p{Xw hn\m \ tZbw `b-tam-lm-Zn-I-fpsS XymK-amWv eyw. A\n-bm-a-I-Xz-amWv
CXyp-]-\ n-j- Xv. \n-e-i-n. kzbw {]Im-ia - mb {_-XX - z-n inh-
i-n-bm kv^pSn-Xa - mb {]]-s Ah tOZn-p-
{XnKp-W-c-ln-Xhpw hnth-I-e-`y-hp-amWv {_w AXv
p. C{nb Zi-\-amWv Ia--ep, `mhm-`m-hs `kvao-
at\m-hm-Kt- Km-N-c-amWv AXn P\n-n-p--h kz]v\-{]-
I-cn-m BIm-ia - m-Ip B[mcw [cn-p-p. Xpco-b-
]w t]msebpw BImi KPs t]msebpw anYy-bm-
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Wv. AXp-t]mse Cu tZlm-Zn-I taml-Kp-W-bp--am-Ip-
Xym-Ka - m-Wv. Zw, {_-Zi-\a - mWv Ia--ep. I
p. CsXmw Ib Iv ]mm-sWp sXn--cn-p--
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Xp-t]mse anYy-bm-Wv. hnjvWp, {_mhp XpS-nb At\-
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p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS \nbaw. {XnKpW cln-Xa - mb kzcq-
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- p-am-Wv. Rm ]c-{_w Xs
p-p. A\m-l-X-\m-Zp-cq-]-amb a{w P]n-p-p. tkzm-
F-XmWv k\ym-kn-bpsS t[ybw. AP-]-bmWv Kmb-{Xn.
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lnv m\-kw-bp-\ - mbn k\ymkw kzoI-cn-p--
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b- AIv \nhmWw {]m]n- p- p. injyt\m
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Fv Cu D]-\n-jv A\p-im-kn-p-p.
w. ia- Z- am- Zn- I- fm- W- h-ew- _w. ]c-{_ kmbq- Py-amWv ckm-
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Q

1 \oe-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv 3

A]iywXzmhtcmlw I ZzmZoImtcmt]yXp tX I
ZnhnXx ]rYnhoalx I \akvtX `h`mhmb I
A]iyw bp{Zay I \akvtX `h\yh I
\oe{Knhw inJn\w I \akvtX AkvX p _mlp`ym I
Znh Dt{Km{XmcpXv I artXm X Cjth \ax I
{]XymXv {`ayma[n I bmanjp Knci lkvt X I
P\mkx hiytXaw I _n`jybw kvXth I
\oe{Knhw hntlmenXw I inhmw Kncn{X Xmw Ipcp I
Gj GXy hoclm I amlnw ]ox ]pcpjw PKXv I
cpt{Zm Pemkt`jPo I inth\ hNkmXzm I
{Xnthytmap\o\i I KncnimmhZmakn I
N P
 541

I bYm\x khanK I K
]eh tN Asb R kvXpXnpp.
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tb tN ta cp{Zm A`ntXm I
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amWv. Atls ZinpI. Cu `Khm cp{Z kl{kmm itXjpth I
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tcmKcq]nIfmb ]m]sf \innpXv Ctlw
PohnIfpsS {]mW\mIpp. AawKf AIpXn inthm \x iw`pcm`cx I
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ASpv {]XysSphm\nSbmIs. hniteym _mWhm DX I
`Khm cp{Z, AbpsS t{Im[n\v RfpsS At\imtkyjh I
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\v \akvI mcw. `Khm\mb \oeIWv T, AbpsS `pP
]cntX [\zt\mtlXn I
pw `pP fn hncmPnp ic pw
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ckva mkv]rWhXp hnizX I
hknpsXnepw kIepw taacpfpp. Av AtYmb Cjp[nkvX hmtc I
ZpjvS\n{Kln\p]tbmKsSpp _mWw RfpsS Akvan \nt[lnXw I
awKfn\v DXIpamdmpI. bm tX tlXntam Zpjv Sa I
ssIemkhmknbmb ]ctaizc, R Asb l tX _`qh tX [\ I
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A\pIqehpw ZpxJhnaphpambnocpw. AbpsS
\bva bm ]mcw `pP I
_mW awKfZmbIfmWv. AXpt]mse hnpw
RmWpw awKfabamWv. Av Cu _mWfm PohnXw \tam AkvXp ktt`ymx I
\Ipp. tb tI N ]rYnho a\p I
`Khm, cp{Z, Av ]hXn \nhknpp tb Acotb tI N ]rYnhoa\p I
shnepw kIepw awKfw \Ipp. Rv tb Aco tb Znhn I
{]Imiw \IpI. Npapw Xm{ahpw I]nehpw Cs\ tX`yx ktt`ym \ax I
N P

I tb Nm`ntcmNt\ Znhn tb I
N kqcykycivamjp I
tbjma]vkp kZkvIrX I
tX`yx ktt`ym \ax I
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tb hm h\kv]Xo\mw I
tb hm AhtSjp tb I
tX tXt`ym ktt`ym\ax I
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`qanbn AhXcnpXmbn R Ip. AbpsS
Cu AhXmcw Ihcn tKm]mcpw tKm]nIfpw s]Sp
p. AbpsS Cu AhXmcw Ihcn tKm]nIpw
{]bmkamWv. Fm AhXmcw ]qambm kIe
pw Asb ImWm km[npw. AbpsS Cu
Irjvakzcq]n\v \akvImcw. abn]oen [cnp
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bmWv inimenbmb C{ `mv Av kl
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m tbmPnhcmIpp.
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[\pn\nXm \akvImcw. Av Xs hnns RmWv
i{XpfpsS t\pw{]tbmKnmXncnpI. Av
_mW Bh\mgnbnenv F{Xbpw awKfIcamb
kuay inh cq]n Rv Zi\w \Inbmepw.
tl kl{km, Av \qdp\qdp _mW Htc
Ln sXmSpphnSpXn\v i\mWv. _mW
aqbpffXmn Av RfpsS awKfn\v thXv
sNpI. ]hXfpw s]mSnbmm Ignhpff Xs
_mW awKfn\v D]Icns. AbpsS ic
RfpsS bvmIs.
`qanbn Ignp IqSp kv \akvImcw.
B Iminepw kz nepapff k v Ipamc cq]\mb inh\v \akvImcw.
\akvImcw. kqcys {]Imi civanI ]cp temI
nepw Penepw Ignbp kpw \akvImcw.
cmkmcpsS _mWcq]fpw amffn Ignbp
hbpw h\kv]XnIfn \nhknphcpamb k
v \akvImcw.
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bx kzPt\moe{Kothm I
Q
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542
hm kzP\m lcn I K
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`th\ acpXm knXm I
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hmNw hmZnjytXm lX I
kh \oe inJw I
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CamXb {]mi Pln tb\Zw I
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kcu KZZmhZnXcu I
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Atbm Hmj[nIsf bmsXmcp `Khm inh
hnizawKfn\p thn hnjw ]m\w sNbvXv \oe
IWvT\mbnop bmsXmcm Xs `mcpsS
awKfn\mbn lcnbpsS cq]w [cnp, B \oe
iva{iphmb tIZmtcizc{]`phn\v, imn kzcq]\mb B
tZhtZh\v, ktmjnm thXv sNpI. `Khm
inh ]nwKf ham icoctmSpw ItfmSpw
IqSnbh\mWv. Atlw \oeIWvT\mWv. k
AWnncnpp. hncq]m\mb lc ]escbpw
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anYym[mcW AIpI. Cu {]]n ImcW`qX\mb
`h\v \akvImcw. kwlmc Imhmb cp{Z\v \akvIm
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kvImcw. Z Krlnse a]w kptim`nXamp
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inhcq]\mb kh\mY\v hopw hopw \akvImcw.
\oecp{Zm]\njv kam]np.
 543

I K
1 \rknw-l-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv
3

imn-]mTw krn--s-p. m\n-I X-fpsS a\-n nX- sN-

p Bm-hns\ \nco-n-p-p. Ah Ima-tZ-hs\
Hmw `{Zm It`nx irWp-b ma tZhm `{Zw
Bm-hns\ _n-p ]mi-am-bn-Im-Wp-p. m\n-I-
]tiy am-`n-cy-P{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXp-hmw
fpsS A`n-{]m-b{- ]-Imcw {]Ir-Xn-Im-cy-`q-X-amb a\-n
kkvX\ - q-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bmZmbpx kzkvXn
Ima DZbw sImpp krnp apv kh{X Pe-am-
\ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvX n \x ]qjm hniz-
bn-cp-p. Pew Xs-bmWv Cu hniz-n\v Imc-W-am-bn-
thZmx kzkvXn \x Xmtym Acn--t\anx kzkvXn
o-Xv. Cu hkvXpX Adn-bp m\n Fv B{K-ln-
t\m _rl-kv]X - n Z[m-Xp.
p-pthm AXv t\Sp-p. {]Pm-]Xn X]v sNbvXp. AXp-
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp- I sImv \Xv tIp- ap-tJ\ Atlw A\p-p-vO--n Ah-X-cn \c-kn-l-
am-dm- I- tW. Ip- I sImv \Xv ImWm- \n-S-h-c-tW. kpZr- a-{-cm-Pm-hns\ {]m]n-p. B a{-ns {]`m-h-m
V--fmb AwK-- fmepw tZl-mepw \nsf kvXpXnp Atlw Cu Zriy-{]-]w krn-p. AXn-\m Cu
sImv tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p Bbpp apgp- {]]w a{-cm-P-\mb A\p-p-va-b-sav ]d-bp-p. Cu
h R A\p-`-hn--tW. alm Ion-am-\mb C{ A\p-p-n \nmWv kIe `qX--fp-tSbpw Dev] - n.
Rv \ ssIh-cp--tW. kh--\mb ]qjmhv A\p-p-ns {]`m-h-m Pohn-I Ignp IqSp-p.
Rv awKfw \ItW. A{]- Xn- tcm- [y- K- Xn- am-\mb Kcp- ac-W-tijw Cu temIw shSnp A\p-p-n Xs
U Rv awKfw \I- tW. _rl-kv]Xn Rv hnebw {]m]n-p-p. A\p-pv kq temI-sbpw
awKfw \I-tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx krnp-Xm-Wv. hmp-I-fn-eqsS a\p-jy P-a-c-W-
1. Hmw Bt]m hm CZ- am-k ken- e -t ah k {]m]n- p-p. AXn-\m hmv A\p- pp Xs. Cu
{]Pm]Xn- t cIx ]pjv I c ]t ka- ` - h - X v , X A\p- pv Ov ap O-p-I-sf-m al-Xz- ap--Xm-W.v
kyma-\kn Imax ka-hX CZw krtP-b-an- 2. kkm-Kcmw k]-h Xmw k]vX -Zzo]mw hkp-
Xn. XkvamXv XXv ]pcptjm a\km A`n K-Xn, cmw XXv kmav\x {]Yaw ]mZw Pm\o-bmXv b-
XZzm- N m-h -Z Xn XXv IWm Itcm- X n, XtZ- j m- K- - h m- ] v k - t cm- K - W - t k- h nX A- c ow XXv
`ypm Ima-k vX -Z t{i ka-h -X m[n a\tkm kmavt\m ZznXobw ]mZw Pm\o-b m-X v. hkp-c p-{Zm-
tcXx {]Yaw bZm-ko-Xv. ktXm _p akvXn \nc- ZnssXyx ksshtZsshx tkhnXw Znhw Xm-
hn- lrZn-{]-Xojy Ihtbm a\o-tjXn Dss]\w av\-kvXr-Xobw ]mZw Pm\o-bm-Xv. {_-kz-cq]w \nc-
XZp-]-\a- n-Xn-bXv Imtam `hXn k Xt]m f X]yX Rv P\w ]c-a-thym-av\ nIpw XXv kmav\ --Xpw
kX-]-kvX]vXzm \ GXw a{-cmPw \mc-knw-l-a- ]mZw Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX f ku Aar-XXzw N
\p-p-`-a-]-iyXv tXss\h kh-an-Z-a-kr-PX bZnZw KXn EKyPpx kmam- Y h-W - -X zmtcm thZmx
InwN Xkv amXv kh anZ-a -\ p- p-an-X ym- N - tX kmwKmx kim-J m- -X zmtcm ]mZmx `h- n. Inw
bZnZw Inw N A\pp t`m hm Cam\n `qXm\n [ym\w Inw ssZhXw Im\yw. Km\n Im\n ssZh-
Pmbt A\p-p`m PmXm\n Pohn A\p-p`w Xm\n Inw Ox I Ejn-cn-Xn.
{]by `nkw hni- nX sskyjm `hXn A\p-
kmK-c
- ]h-X- kv]X Zzo]- Fn-h-
p]v {]Yam `hXn A\p-p-_p-am `hXn hmKzm
tbmSp IqSnb ]rYzn-bmWv hnin a{- ns Hm-as
A\p- p]v hmssNh {]bn hmssN- thm-Z yn
]mZw Fv a\- n-em-p- I. b-m- cmepw Kh-m- cmepw
]cam hm Gjm Okmw bZv A\p-p-_n-Xn.
A]vk-c-p-I-fmepw tkh-Xn-amb A-co--amWv cm-
BZy-L--n Cu {]]w apgp-h\pw Pe-cq-]-n- as ]mZw. hkp- cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m apX-emb tZh-
em-bn-cp-p. Fm-bn-Spw Pew Xs- bm-bn-cp-p. B Pe- m-cm tkhn- X- amb Zyptem-I- amWv aqm- as ]mZw. amb-
n Hcp Xma- c-bn-e-bn {]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_mhv {]Xy- tbmSp IqSm-Xpw ]cn-ip-hpw ]c-a-amb thyma-tmSp
-s-p. {_m-hn\v temI-kr-n-bn Xmev]-cy-ap-m-bn. tN-Xp-amb {_w Xs-bmWv \mem-as ]mZw. Ch-
Atlw a\p-jy-`m-h-\sb BZyw hmp-sImv ]d-bp-I- sb--n-sbmw Cs\ th hn[w Adn-bp m\n
bpw, ]ns- thn-cn ]q-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv Aa-c-Xzs {]m]n-p-p. t{ijvT a{- n\v \mev ]mZ--
Fm-hpw Adn-bmhpXm-Wv. AXns\ kw_-nv fp-v. imJ-It- fmSpw AwK--tfmSpw IqSn Ev, bPp-v,
Cs\ ]d- b- s-n- p-v. ]v krn Dm-b-tm Ima\pw kmaw, AY-hw Fo \mep thZ--fm-Wv. Ah hnin

N P
 544

I a{w [ym\n-t--sX--s\-bmWv? kmwK-fpw kim-J- inhx klcn tk{x tkm f nx tkmcx ]cax K
I- fp-amb thZ- -fpsS AwK- tZh-m Ov Ejn- I kzcmSv XXv kmav\ x NXpw ]mZw Pm\o-bmXv
Ch Bsc-m-am-sW {]iv\w DZbw sNp-I-bp-m-bn. bx Pm\otX tkm f arX-XzwN KXn Hmw D{K-{]Y
akymZyw Pew ZznXo-b-kymZyw \rknwlx XrXob
3. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx k tbm l ssh XXv
kymZyw arXypx NXp kymZyw kma Pm\o-bmXv
kmhn-{X-kym- m-cw ]Zw {iobm-` n-jnw XXv
b Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn Xkvam-ZnZw
kmavt\mwKw thZ {inbm sslhm-`n-jn-NytX kth
kma b{X Ip{X-NnXv \ BNt bZn ZmXp-a-t]-
thZmx {]W-hm-Zn-ImkvXw {]Whw XXv kmavt\m
tX ]p{Xmb ip{iq- j th Zmky- \ ykvssa
AwKw thm kkv{Xo temIm PbXn NXphnw-
injymb hm tNXn.
i-Xy-cm alm-e-vaob-Pp-kvXXv kmavt\miv\w
thZ Bbp bix Ion m\ sFiz-cy-hm Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw Fm Pohn-Ifpw Fm thZ-
`h-X n. Xkvam-ZnZw kmwKw kma-P m-\ o-b mXv tbm fpw An {]mW C{n-b - Aw ]ip AarXw
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn kmhn{Xow k{amSv kzcmPv hncmSv Fn-hbpw a{--fn cmPm-hmb
{]Whw bPp evaow kv{Xo ip{Imb t\n kma-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-am-sW--dn-bW - w. Ev bpv
N {Xnwi-Z - cw kma Pm\o-bm-tZym-Pm-\otX tkm kmaw AYhw Fo cq]-n-ep kqcy Ah-bpsS
f arXXzw N K-Xn. kmhn{Xnw eva ow bpx a- e-n nXn sNp lnc- b ]pcp- j Fnh
{]Whw bZn Pm\o-bmXv kv{Xo iq{Zx kartXm f kma-ns ZznXob ]mZ--fm-W.v kIe Hmj-[n-Ipw
t[m KXn XkvamXv kh-Zm-\m-Nt bZym-Nt Xmcm-K-W-pw \mY-\mb N{s\ kma-ns XrXo-
k BNm-cykvtX ss\h kartXm f t[m K-Xn. b-]m-Zs
- apw {_m-hv, hnjvWp, inh, C{, An,
]c-ta-iz-c Fn-h kma-ns NXp ]mZ-sapw
{]Pm- ]- Xn-bmb {_mhv ]dp: {io _oP- m A`n-
a\-n-em-p-I. Cs\ Adn-bp m\n AarXw {]m]n-
jn-- amb Kmb{Xn a{sa Am-co-]m-Zs t{ijvT
p-p. t{ijvT-a-{-amb A\p-p-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-ns
a{-amb kma-ns AwKw Xs-sbp a\-n-em-p-
BZymwiw D{Khpw ZznXo-b-]m-Z-ns BZymwiw Pehpw
-h sFiz-cy-k---\mbn `hn-p-p. kIe thZ--
XrXo-b- ns BZymwiw \rknw- lhpw \memw ]mZ- ns
fpsS BZn-bn {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-Xv {]W-ha - m-Wv. AXp-
BZymwiw arXyp-hp-am-Wv. Cu \mep ]mZ--sfbpw kma-
sImv {]W- hs kma-ns AwKw Xs-sbp Icp-
ns kzcq-]w-sImv a\-n-em--Ww. Cs\ a\-n-
Xp m\n aqp temI-sbpw Pbn-p--h-\m-bn-o-
em-p m\n AarXw {]m]n-p-p. Bsc-sb-nepw
cp-p. Ccp-]- n- \m- e- - c-ap alm-evao a{w bPpth-
Cu a{w D]-tZ-in--W-sa-n AXv kzoI-cn-m Xmev]-
Z-ns kzcq]w Xs. AXns\ kma- ns AwKw Xs-
cy-ap--h\pw tkhm-]-c-\p-amb ]p{Xt\m kZm-Nm-cn-bmb
sbp Icp-Xp m\n bi-v, Ion, m\w,
injyt\m Bbn-cn--Ww.
Bbpv sFizcyw Fnh {]m]n-p-p. AwK- kln
Xw kma-thZw th-hn[w Adn-bp hyn Aar- X-Xzs 5. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx otcm-ZmW-h-im-
{]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m Cu kmaw AwK- klnXw bn\w \rtI-kcnw tbmKn-t[ybw ]caw ]Zw kma
{Kln-t- - Xm-Wv. {]W-hw, Kmb-{Xn, bPpx kzcq- ]- amb alm- Pm\o-b mtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn
evao a{w Fn-hsb m\n-I A\-[n-Im-cn-Iv hoc w {]Y - a - X ym [ m w "Xw ' "kw ' ZznXob
]d- p-sIm-Sp-m-dn- . Fp-sIm-s- m A- s\-bp-- kym[mw lw`o XrXo-b -k ym[mw arXypw
h Ah a\-n-em-n-bmepw Ahv D-a-amb KXn e`n- NXp-kym[myw kma Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX
p-I-bn-. AXn-\m at{m]-tZiw sImSp-p--Xn tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn, Xkvam-ZnZw kma tb\
hfsc {in-t-- Xp-.v A\- [n-Im-cn-Iv at{m- ]-tZiw tI\ IZm-cy-ap-tJ\ tbm Pm\otX k tXss\h
sImSp-p BNm-cy-mpw At[m-K-Xn-bm-W.v ap-n- ico-tcW kwkm-c-p-Ny-tX, amN-bXn apap-p`-
c---c-ap kmas Adn-b-Ww. kv{XoIpw iq{Z- hXn P]m- t-s s\h ico-t cW tZh- X m- Zi\w
mpw at{m-]-tZiw \I-s-Sm-dn-. ItcmX n Xkvam- - t ah apJyw Zzmc w Ieu
\mt\yjmw `hXn Xkvam-ZnZw kmwKw kma Pm\o-
4. k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx Anssh tZhmx
bm-tZym-Pm-\otX k tkm f arX-Xzmb K-Xn.
CZw khw hnizm\n `qXm\n {]mWm hm C{n-
bmWn ]ithm A-a-arXw k{amSv kzcmSv hncmSv {]Pm-]Xn ]dp: Cuiz-cs \rknw-l-cq] hn{Klw
XXv kmav\ x {]Yaw ]mZw Pm\o-b mXv EKypPpx oc-km-K-c-km-bn-bmbn ImW-s-Sp-Xv ]c-a-Z-cq-]hpw
kmam-Yh cq]x kqtcym f cm-ZntXy lnc-bx tbmKn-Iv [ym\-tbm-Ky-hp-am-W.v B hn{Klw kma-th-Z-
]pcp-j-kvXXv kmavt\m ZznXobw ]mZw Pm\o bmXv ns cq]-am-Wv. As\ am\n-p--h Aar-XXzw
b Hmj-[ o\mw {]`-hXn Xmcm-]Xnx tkma-k vX Xx {]m]n-p- p. t{ijvT -amb A\p-jv Tp-ns BZy-] mZ
kmav\x XrXobw ]mZw Pm\o-bmXv k {_m k ]qhm-nse An-a-`mKw hocy-am-Ip-p. ZznXo-b- n-
N P
 545

I sXv "Xw' "kw' BWv. XrXo-b-n-sXv "lw `o BIp-p. Xp-kymyw kma Pm\o-bmtXym Pm\ntX tkm K
NXp-n-sXv arXyp-hm-Wv. CsXmw kmaw Xs. f arXXzw N K-Xn. tbm f ku tkth- Z-b- a nZw
Cs\ Adn-bp- -h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. Cu kmaw Inw Nm\n {_- W ym- \ p- p`w Pm\o- b mtZym
GsX-nepw BNm-cy-\n \npw a\-n-emn BN-cn-p- Pm\ntX tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-
-h Cu P-n Xs kwkm-c-_ - - \-ap--\m-p- tbmhm Csslh mXp-a-t]--tX. k kssh-
p, ap-- h-scbpw ap-\m-p-p. {]m]-nI taml-- izcyw ZZmXn b{X Ip{Xm-]n-{an-btX tZlmt tZhx
fnepw aa-XIfnepw s]p-g-ep hyn CXp tIp- ]cw {_-Xm-cIw hymNt tb\ Aku AarXo
tm tamt-p- hm- Ip- p. a{-cm-P-\mb kma- P]w sImv `qXzm kx Aar-XXzw N KXn Xkvam-ZnZw kma-a-
`K-hm \c-knw-l-aqn-bpsS Zi-\- ap-m-Ip-p. Ien-bp- [ymKw P]Xn Xkva m-ZnZw kmamwKw {]Pm-] Xnx
K- nse apn- p Ffpam- am- Wn- Xv. CXv icop a\- Xkvam-ZnZw kmamwKw ]3-Pm-]Xnx bx Ghw thtZXn
n-em-p--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. atlm-]m-\n-jXv b GXmw atlm-]-\n-jZw thZ k
IrX-]q-cp--c-tWm]n alm-hn-jvWp`-hXn alm-hn-
6. Hmw EXw kXyw ]cw {_ ]pcpjw kptI
jvWp`-h-Xn. CXn.
kcn-h n-{Klw IrjvW-]nw-Kfw Duz-tcXw hncq-
]mw icw \oe-tem-lnXw Dam-]Xnw ]ip-]Xnw hniz-{k-m--fmb {]Pm-]-Xn-If- mWv Cu kmam-I
]n\m-In\w lyar-X-ZypXnw Cuim\x kh hnZym- a{-m kh PKpw krn-X - v. AXn-\m Ahsc
\m-ao-i zc kh-` q-Xm\mw {_m-[n-]-Xn {tWm hniz-kr-m--sfv ]d-bp-p. Ah aptJ\ Cu hnizw
f [n ]Xnx tbm ssh bPp thZ-hm-NykvXw kma {]I-S-am-bn. Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bp m\n-I {_-tem-I-
Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw KXn alm sbpw ]{_--]Z- -sbpw {]m]n-p-p. Cu kmas
{]Y-am-[-kymZyw jWw XrXo-bm-[-kymZyw AwK-k-lnXw Adn-bW - w. CXv Adn-bp--h `h-_--\-
kma- N - X p [m- k ymZyw kma Pm\obm tZym ap--\mbn Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p.
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N K-Xn.
Cu a{-ns {]Y-am- y-` mKw hnjvWp-hm-W v.
\rknw-l A-c ym-a nbpw kh-h ym-]n-b p-amWv ZznXob `mKw apJw, XrXobw `{Zw, NXpw hyqlw Ch-
Atlw EXhpw kXy-hp-am-W.v a\p-jy-sbpw knwl-n- sbmw kmaw Xs Cs\ Adn-bp--h Aa-cXzw
sbpw BIr-Xn-tbmSp IqSn-b-h\pw Idppw abpw {]m]n-p-p. Cu XXzw Adn-n-p-Xv {]Pm-]XnbmWv.
Ie \nd-ap--h-\p-am-W.v At-l-ns t\{X- `b- {_- n-X-amb Cu A\p-jvTpv a{w {_--n Xs
-c--fm-Wv. Atlw Xs Ieym-W-Im-cn-bmb inh nXn sNp-p. CX-dn-bp--h Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p.
IWvT- n \oe-\n-dw. apI`mKv temln-X-hw--A- Cu PK-n kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m D-am-Nm-c- sNbvXv
Xn-\m \oe-tem-ln-X-s\v ]d-bs - -Sp-p. B `K-hm B\--{]m-]Xv n-m-{K-ln-p-p. Ahp `K-hm \rknw-
\rknwlw Xs. Kncn-Pm-]-Xn, Dam-]-Xn, ]ip-]-Xn, hn\mIn l kssh-iz-cy-epw \Ip-p. Ahsc Aar-X-{]m-
AXyw tXPkzn Atlw kh-hn-Zym-]-Xnbpw kh-`q- ]vXnv Al-cm-p-p. tamt-N-Op- XmcI a{w
X--fp-sSbpw kzman-bp-am-Ip-p. thZ-]-Xnbpw {_mhn- P]n--Ww, Cu atlm-]-\n-jv Adn-bp--h IrX-]p-c-
sbpw kzmanbpw bPpth-Z-ns hmNym-hp-amb -cW- -\m-sW-nepw alm-hn-jW v p-hmbn `hn-p-p.
B `K-hm \rknw-ls kma-sap ]d-b-Ww. CX-dn-bp-
-h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p-p. A\p-jT v p-ns {]Y-a-]m- cmw D]-\ n-j v
Z-ns D-cm BZy-`mKw alm Fp ZznXo-bN - c
- W 1. tZh l ssh artXymx ]m]va`yx kwkm-cm-m-
Dm-cm-Zy- `mKw "htXm' Fp XrXo- b- ]mZ D-cmm- _n-` -b pkvtX {]Pm-] -X n-ap-] -[ m-h w-k vtX`yx GXw
Zy-`mKw "jWw' Fp NXp-]mZ D-cmm-Zy-`mKw a{-cmPw \mc-knwlw {kw {]mb-t- \ ssh
\ax Fp-am-Ip-p. CX-dn-bp--h Aar-XXzw {]m]n-p- tX kth arXyp-a-P-b kth ]m]va-\-kvXc -
p. Cu kmaw kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-amb ]c-{_ Xs. kwkm- c m- m- X - c w- k v X - a m- t Zym- a rtXymx ]m]v a `yx
AX-dn-bp-- h Cu P- n Xs Aar-XXzw {]m]npw kwkm-cm hn`o-bmXv k Ghw a{-cmPw \mc-knw-
AwK-k-lnXw Cu kmaw Adn-b-Ww. A{]-Imcw Adn-bp- l-am-\p-`w {]Xn KrlvWo bmXv k arXypw PbXn
-h P\-\-a-c-W-c-ln-X-\mbn Aa-cXzw {]m]n-p-p. k ]m]vam\w XcXn k kwkmcw XcXn Xky l
7. hniz-krPv GtX\ ssh hniz-anZw Akr-PX ssh {]W-hky bm ]qhm bm{Xm ]rYn-hy-Imcx
bZv hniz-a-kr-PXkvamXv hniz-krPm hniz-ta-\m- k EKv`n EtKz-tZm-{_m hkthm Kmb{Xo Kml-
\y-\p-{]-Pm-btX {_Wx kmbqPyw k temI-Xm- ]Xyxk kmav\x {]Yax ]mtZm `hXn ZznXo-bm--
b-n. Xkvam-Zn-Zw-kmwKw ka-Pm-\o-bm-tZym-Pm-\otX cow k DImcx k bPp`nb- P p thtZm
tkm f arXXzw N KXn hnjvWpw {]Y-a-kymw hnjvWp cp{Zmx {Xnp-_vZ-n-Wmnx k kmavt\m
apJw ZznXo-b-kymw `{Zw XrXo-b-kymw alm-N- ZznXobx ]mtZm `hXn XrXo-bmZyu k aImcx k
N P

I kma`nx kma-th-tZm-cpt{Zm BZnXym PK-Xym-l-h-
\obx k kmav\-kvXr-Xobx ]mtZm `hXn bm Ah-
kmt\ f ky NXpy-am{Xm km kma-temI
HmwImcx tkm f Yh-s sWa-ss{-c -Y hthZx
kwh-\tIm f na-cptXm hncm-tUI Ejn
`mkzXo kmkmav\x NXpmx ]mtZm `h-Xn.
acWw ]m]w kwkmcw Chsb `bv Hcn- tZh-
m HmSn {]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_m-hns\ icWw {]m]n-p.
{_mhv Ahv `K- hm \rknw-l-ns a{- cm-P-\mb
A\p-pv D]-tZ-in-p. Cu a{ knn-bm tZh-m ac-
Ws Pbn-p. Ah-scmw kh-]m-]-hn-ap--cmbn Fp
am{X-a-, kwkm-c-km-K-chpw Ac IS-p. AXn-\m ac-
W- ]m] kwkm-c- `b-s-Sp hyn-I Cu a{s
icWw {]m]n-m aXn. Cs\ icWw {]m]n-p--h
arXyp ]m]w {]]w Chsb XcWw sNp-p.
Cu ]d t{ijvT a{- ns AwKw Xs- bmWv
{]W-hhpw {]Y-a-am-{Xm-bp--amb AIm-c-amWv {]W-hw.
]rYzn AXns temI-am-Wv. EKzn-`q-jn-X-amb EtKzZw Xs
AXns A[n-jvTm\w tZhX {_m-hv, Ov Kmb-{Xn.
AXv hkp-fpw Kmcl-]-Xym-n-bp-amWv {]W-h-ns
{]Y-a-am-{X-bn AXv \nn-]vX-am-Wv. AXp Xs kma-
ns {]Y-a-]m-Zw.
{]W-h-ns ZznXob ]mZw DIm-c-amWv A-co-w,
A-cow bqth-Zw, cp{Z KpW-fpw hnjvWphpw
tZh-X-I {Xnp]v O-v. {]W-h - ns XrXo-ba - m-{Xa
aIm-ca
- m-Wv. ZyptemIw kma-th-Zw, cp{Z-m BZn-Xy-m
PKXn a\v Bl-h-\o- bmn Fn-h-sbmw XrXo-b- am-{Xm-
K-X--fm-Ip-p. Cu XrXo-b-am{Xw Xs-bmWv kma-
ns XrXob ]mZw.
{]W-h-ns NXp-am-{X-bn \mZm--I-amb
A-am-{X-bpsS {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-p. AXn N{-temIw
Hmm-c-hm-Nn-bmb ]c-{_ AYh-thZw kwhIw
F An, acp-p-I hncmP Ov Fn-h-bp-v.
CXns Ejn {_m-hm-Wv. {_-cq-]-n-em-I-bm AXv
AXyw {]Im- i-ap-- Xm- Wv. Cu NXp am{X Xs- bmWv
kma-ns \memw-]m-Zw.
2. Am- cx {]Yax ]mtZm `h- X y- m- - c m-
kv{Xb ]mZm `h-tyhw Zzm{Xnw-iZ- --cmWn k-
ZytX Zzm{Xnw-iZ- -cm hm A\p-jvSp]v `hXn A\p-
`m kh-anZw krw A\p-p`m kh-ap-]-kw-
hrXw Xky ssl Xky ln ]mw-Km\n `hn
NXzmcx ]mZm-X - zmcn AwKm\n `hn k {]Whw
khw ]aw `hXn Hmw lrZ-b mb \ax Hmw
inctk kzmlm inJmssb hjSv Hmw Ih-Nmb
lpw Hmw Akv{Xm-b -^ Sv CXn {]Yaw {]Y-ta\
bpPytX ZznXobw ZzoXn-tb-\, XrXobw XrXo-tb-\,
NXpw NXpt-\, ]aw ]-ta-\, hyXn-
N P
546
jnm hm Cta temImx XkvamZv hyXn-jn-m\n K
AwKm\n `hn Hmw CXn GXZv A-c-anZw khw
XkvamXv {]Xy-cw D`-bXv HmwImtcm `h-Xo-Xy-
-cmWmw \ymkw D]-Zn-iXn {_-hm-Zn\x
Fv Acfp A\p-pv a{- ns {]Y-a-]m-
Z-amWv Fv A-c- hoX- ap aqp ]mZ-. \mep
]mZ--enepw IqSn ap-n- cp A-c--fm-Wv. Cu A\p-
p-n-\m-emWv kh-P-Kpw Dm-bn-p--Xv. kwlm-chpw
AXp-sImp Xs. CXns \mev AwK--sfbpw ]n ]d-
p. {]Whw AXns Am-as AwK-am-Wv. a\p-
jys ico-c-n Av AwK- D- Xp-t]mse A\p-
p-n\pw Cs\ Av AwK-fmWv. lrZ-bw, inc-v,
inJm, akvX-Iw, _mlp-aqew cn\pw Av AwK-
Dtm. a{- ns {]Y-amw-Ks lrZ-b-tmSpw ZznXo-
bmw-Ks inc-n-t\mSp XrXo-bmw-Ks inJ-tbmSpw
NXpmw-Kw cp _mlp-aq-e--tfmSpw ]-amw-
Ks akvX-I-tmSpw tbm#n-n-mw. temI-amsI tNn-
cvp-Xp t]mse cns AwK-fpw ]c-kv]-c-_-n-X-
am-W.v HmwImcw ka- kX
v -hnizw Xs A\p-p-ns Hmtcm
A-c-n-sbpw cp hi--enepw Hmw Imcw tNcWw
{_m- \n- I Cu a{-nse Hmtcm \ymk-s- - nbpw
D]-tZ-in-p-p.
3. Xky l hm D{Kw {]Yaw m\w Pm\o bmtZym
Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn hocw ZznXobw kvXm\w
alm- hnjvWpw XrXobw Pzew NXpw kh-tXm- apJw
]aw \rknwlw jjvTw `ojWw k]vXaw `{Z-a-aw
arXypw \h-aw-\a
- man Ziaw Al-anXn GIm-Ziw m\w
Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw N KXn GIm-Zi
]mZm hm A\p-p]v `h-Xy-\p-p`m kh-an-Z-ap-]-kw-lrXw
XkvamXv kh-an-Z-a-\p-`w Pm\o-bmtZym Pm\otX tkm f
arXXzw K K-Xn.
A\p-p-ns {]Y-a-m\w D{K-am-Wv. CX-dn-bp-- h
Aa-c-\mIpw ZznXo-b- m\w hocw. XrXobw m\w alm-
hnjvWp NXp-km-Ym\w Pze-w, ]-a-m\w kh-
tXm-ap-Jw, jjvT- m\w \rknw-lw, k]vX-a-m\w `oj-
Ww. A-a-m\w `{Zw. \h-a-m\w arXyp, Zi-a-m\w
\aman GIm-Ziw Alw. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Aar-
XXzw {]m]n-p- p. GIm- Z-i- ]- Z-- ep A\p- jvT]v Op
aptJ-\-bmWv kq PKpw krn--s-n-p--Xv.
kwlm-chpw AXn-\m Xs. kI-eXpw A\p-p-ns
aln-am-hn-ti-j-am-W.v C{]-Imcw Adn-bp--h Aar-XXzw
e`n-p-p.
4. tZhm l s s h {] Pm- ] - X n- a - { _ p- h - Y
IkvamZpNyX D{K-anXn k tlmhmN {]Pm-]-Xn
bkvamXv kza-lnav\m khm temIm khm
tZhm B\x khmWn `qXm\n DZ-Kr-lvWmXn
AP{kw krPXn hnkr-PXn hnhmk bXn D{Km-

I lyX DZvKr-lytX kvXpln {ipXw KU-X-kZw
bphm\w arKw \ `oaw D]-lXp ap{Kw ZrVm-P-cnt{X
knwl-k vX -hmt\m A\yw tX Akvan- n-h -h p
tkx Xkva-Zp-NytX D{K-anXn AY-I-kvam-Zyp-NytX
hoc-anXn bkvamXv kza-lnav\m khm temIm
khm tZhm B\x khmWn `qXm\n hoc-
anXn hocm-a-b-Xy-P{kw krPXn hnkr-PXn hmk-
bXn btXm hocx IWyx kpc-t-a-bp--{Kmhm
PmKtX tZh Imax Xkvam-Zp-NytX hoc-an-Xn.
tZh-m tNmZnp: \rknw-ls D{K-s\p ]d-bp-
-sX- p-sIm-mWv? DK{]Pm-]Xn ]d-p. `K-h m
\rknwlw kza-lnabm kh-tZ-h - m-scbpw kh-`q-X-
-sfbpw khm-m--sfbpw kh-tem-I--sfbpw kap-
-n-bnemp-p. Atlw Ah-bpsS krn nXn kwlm-
c-IrXyw \nh-ln-p-p. temIs A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw
A\p-{K-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImv At-ls
D{K-s\v ]d-bp-p. {ipXn-I Bsc kvXpXn-p-tm B
]c-ta-iz-cs\ kvXpXn-p-w. Atlw lrZ-b-Kp-l-b n
nXn sNp-p. Atlw Xmcp-Wy-m kp-c-\m-Wv.
knwl- cq-]-n {]Xy--\m- Ip-s- nepw `-mv `oI-
c-\- . kI-e-cnepw Zb ImWn-p-p. Fpw Fp-p.
Atlw k- \-{Xm-W\pw Zp- a-I- \p-am-Wv. AXp-sImv
D{K Fp t] Inn. ]ns tZh-m tNmZn-p. \c-knw-
ls hoc Fv ]d-bm Imc-W-sav? {_mhp ]d-
p. `K-hm \rknwlw kzam-b- bm kh-`q-X-- sebpw
kh-tem-I - -sfbpw ]menv hn`n--eo-eI- f
- m-Sp-p. kI-
e-Xnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. krn-bpsS kwc--I\pw
kwlm-c-I\pw Atlw Xs. kq hnizhpw {]f-b-
n-\p-tijw At-l-n ebn-p-p. AXn-\m hnc-
s\v ]d-bp-p.
AY Ikvam-Zp-N ytX alm hnjvWp-c nXn bx
k hm te mIm hym] v t \ mXn hym] - b X n
kv t \tlm bYm ]e- e - ] n- - t am- X - t {]m- X - a - \ p-
{] m] v X w hyXnjvtIm hym] ytX hym] - b tX
bkvam PmXx ]tcm f t\ymkvXn b Bhn-th-i-
`q-h -\ m\n hnizm {]Pm-] Xnx {]Pbm kwhn-Z m-\ -
kv{XoWn tPymXnjn k l tX tjmU-ioXn Xkvam-
Zp-NytX alm-hnjvWp cnXn AY-I-ka v m-Zp-NytX Pze-
-anXn bkvam-Xv. kza-lnav\m khm temIm
k hm tZhm k hm- \ m- \ x k hmWn
`qXm\n kztX- P km PzeXn Pze- b Xn PzeytX
khnXm {]k-h nXm Zo]vtXm Zo]-b Zo]y-am\x
Pze PzenXm X] hnX-] kwX-] tcmNt\m
tcmN-am\x tim`\x tim`-am\x IeymWx Xkvam-Zp-
NytX Pze--an-Xn.
tZh- m tNmZnp: alm-hnjvWp Fp ]d-bm Imc-
W-sav? {_mhp ]d-p. `K-hm \c-knwlw kza-ln-a- \rknwlw Fv ]d-bp--sX-n-\m-W?v Fv tZh- m
bm kI-et- Z-h-m-cnepw kI-e-B-m--fnepw kh-`q-X- tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp: Fm-Po-hn-I-fnepw shv
N P
547
-fnepw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. temIw {]-f-b-Im-ev At- K
l-n hnebw sImp-p. EtKz-Z-n At-l-ns
alna {]Ion- p-p-v. {]P-I-fpsS D]m-ky-tZ-h\ - m-Wv.
tjmU-i-I-em-bp--\mbn {Xnhn[ tXP-p-If - n kh-
nepw hym]n-n-cn-p--Xn-\m alm-hnjvWp Fv ]d-
bp-p. At-ls Pzme Fv ]d-bp--sX- s tZh-
m-cpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn {_mhv ]d-p. `K-
hm kza-ln-a-bm khm-m--sfbpw kh-tem-I--
sfbpw kh-`q-X--sfbpw kz tXP-n-\m {]Im-inn-p-
p. EtKz-Zn Cs\ ]d-n-p-v. Atlw khn-
Xmhpw {]k-hn-Xmhpw BWv. {]Im- i-bp-\pw {]Pz-en-X\pw
Zo]vX\pw Zo]n-n-p--h\pw Zo]y-am-\\pw Pzen-p- -h\pw
Pzen-n-p--h\pw X]n-p--h\pw X]n-n-p--h\pw
tcmN-\\pw tcmN-am-\\pw tim`-\\pw tim`-am-\\pw Ieym-
W-Im-cn-bp-am-Wv. AXn-\m At-ls Pzen-p--h
Fp hnti-jn-n-n-cn-p-p.
5. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX kh-tXm-ap-J-anXn bkvam-
Z-\n-{n-tbm]n khXx ]iyXn khXx irtWmXn
khtXm KXn khX BZt k khix
khXx XnjvTXn GIx ]pc- k vX mZv BZy CZw
_`qh btXm _`qh `qh- \ ky tKm]mx bw
At]yXn `ph\w kmw]-cmtb \aman Xalw kh-
tXm-apJw Xkvam-Zp-NytX khtXm apJ-an-Xn.
Atls Fp-sIm-mWv khtXm apJ-s\p
]d-bp- Xv? Fv tZh- m tNmZn- -tm {_mhv
]dp: Atlw C{n-bm-Xo-X-\m-bn-cp-npw kh-Po-hn-
I-sfbpw Bm-sfbpw tZh-m-scbpw kh-tem-I - -
sebpw kza-ln-a-bm kh{X hon-p-Xp sImpw
tIp-Xp sImpw {Kln-p-Xp sImpw Fm
`mKpw k-cn-p-Xp sImpw Fm m\pw
hym]n-n-cn-p-Xp sImpw At-ls ktXm-p-J-
s\p ]d-bp-p. EtKz- Z-n At- l- ns alna hn-
n-p-v. krnp apv GI-\mbn hniz-n PmX-\m-bn.
kIe hniz-n-sbpw {km-hm-bn. kwc--I-\m-bn. HSp-
hn Xn Xs ebn-n-p-p. Rm At-ls \a-
kvI-cn-p-p. AXp-sIm-mWv \rknwlw kh-tXm-p-J-
\m-b- Xv.
AY Ikva m-Zp-N ytX \rknw-l -anXn bkvamXv
kthjmw `qXm\mw k hocy-Xax t{ijvT -X-a
k nw tl m hocy- X ax t{i j v T - X - a Xk vamX v
\rknwlx BkoXv ]c-ta-iztcm hm PK-nXw hm
GXZv cq]-a- cw `hXn {]`-h njvW p kvX htX
hocymb artKm \ `oax IpNtcm KcnjvTmx btkym
cpjp {Xnjp hn{I-taW jz[n nbn `ph-\m\n
hnizm-k vXk
- vam-Zp-N ytX \rknw-l-an-Xn.
 548

I a\p-jy ]cm-{Iaw {]kn--am-Wtm AXp-t]mse arK--fn 4. AY Ikv a m- Z p- N ytX arXyp- a nXn bkv a mXv K
knwlhpw ]cm-{I-an-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv \c-sbpw knwl- kzalnav\ m kz`-ym\mw kvarX Gh arXyp-a-]-
n-sbpw kwbp--cq-]-m ]cm-{I-a-n\v alXzw arXypw N amc-bXn bx BZx _eZx bky hniz
IqSpw. AXn-\m-emWv `K-hm B cq]w [cn--Xv. Cu cq]- D]m-ktX {]injyw bky tZhx bky Omb-arXw
n hniz- n\v \ sNp- p. At- l- ns cq]w Ahn- tbmar-Xyp-arXypx Ikvssa tZhmb l hnjm hnt[-
\m-inbpw k\m- X-\-hp-am-W.v thZ-n At-l-ns cq]- a-Xk
- vam-Zp-NytX arXyp arXyp-an-Xn.
s- n ]d-n-pv. hnjvWp `K-hm knwl-cq]w [cnv
arXyp arXyp Fp ]d-bm Imc-W-sa-mWv Fv
kvtXmX--fn {]kvXp-X-\mbn hn`n kvtXm{X--fm
tZh- m tNmZn-p. Atm {_mhv ]dp: `K- hm kza-
Atlw kvXpXn--s-Sp knwl-cq-]-[m-cn-bm-sW-nepw
ln-a-bm Xs `-m kvacn-p am{X-bn Xs
Atlw `-mv `b- -c-\- . `qan-bnepw ]h-X-- fnepw
Ah-cpsS arXyp-hn-s\bpw A]-ar-Xyp-hn-s\bpw ian-n-p-
kh{X hncm-Pn- p- p. kh-h ym-] n-b mb Atlw
p. thZ-n ]d-bp-p. BcpsS Bb\p-k-cn-mtWm
kvtXmXm--fpsS hmnepw AS- p-p. aqp ]mZ--fn-ep-
tZh-m Xe-Ip-\nv B-]m-en-p--Xv. BcpsS Omb
ambn {Xn`p-h-\hpw HXp- p-p. AXn-\m \rknw-l F
t]cv Inn. AarX kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-p- tm Bcv Bm-hn-s\bpw in-
tbbpw {]Zms\ sNp-tm Bcv arXyp-hn-sbpw arXyp-
3. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX `oj-Wa - nXn bkvamZv bky hmtWm A- s\-bp GI\pw AZzn- Xo-b-\p- amb `K-hms
cq]w Zrzm kh-temImx kth tZhmx khmWn apn Bcm-[\ \S-pp Cm-c-W-m `K-hms\
`qXm\n `oXym ]em-b-t, kzbw bXx IpX-n arXyp-arXyp Fv ]d-bp-p.
_nt`Xn `nb-kvamXv hmXx ]htX `ntbm-t`Xn kqcyx
`nbm-Z-kvam-Z- n-t-{ arXyp [mhXn ]ax 5. AY Ikv a m- Z p- N ytX \am- a oXn bkv a mZyw
Xkvam ZpNytX `oj-a-an-Xn. kth tZhm \an aap-thm {_m-Zn-\ --{]-
\q\w {_-k v]-X na{w hZ-X ypIvY w bkvan
At-ls `oj-Ws - \p ]d-bp--Xn\v Imc-W-sa-
Ct{m hcptWm ant{Xm Acyam tZhx HmImwkn
sv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhp ]dp: At-l-
N{Intc Xkvam-Zp-NytX \am-aoXn
ns `oj-Wc - q] Iv Fmhcpw `b-p. -tZ-h-m-cpw
kh-Po-hn-Ifpw kh-tem-I-epw At-l-ns `oI-c- a{-cm-P-\n \aman F ]Zw Fn-\p-]-tbm-Knp
cq]w Iv `b-sp HmSn ad-bp-p. Fm Atlw Fv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp: Fm tZh-
Bscbpw `b-s-Sp-n-. thZ-n ]d-n-p-v. Ct- mcpw {_-hm-Zn-Ifpw tamt- Ni v p--fmb km[-I-mcpw
ls `b-mWv kqcy {]Im-in-p--Xv. hmbp Nen-p- \a-kI v -cn-p-p. AXn-\m At-ls \a-kI v -cn--Ww.
v, An Pzen-p--Xv, C{ ag-s]-n-p--Xv. Ct- thZ-n ]d-n-cnp-p. bmsXmcp `K-hms\ eo-I-
ls `b- n- mWv arXyp t]mepw Pohn- Isf tZl- p-\np cn-p-sIm-mtWm {_mhv Xs kvXh-n \a-kvI-cn-
ap- am-p- Xv AXp-sImv At-ls `oj- W- s\v ]d- p-Xv B `hm {_m-hn-sbpw thZ--fp-sSbpw kwc-
bp-p. -I-\m-Wv. Atlw C{, hcp-W, an{X AXy-amhv
AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX `{Z-anXn bkvamXv kzbw XpS-n-b-hv B{i-ba - mWv AXp-sImv At-l-n-\p-
`t{Zm `qXzm khZm `{Zw ZmZmXn tcmNt\m tcmN thn \aman F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-p.
am\x tim_\x tim`-am\x IeymWw `{Zw It`nx 6. AY Ikvam-Zp-NytX Al-anXn Al-akvan {]Y-
hytih tZh- l nXw bZmbpx Xkv a m- Z p- l ytX aPm EXm-ky-]qhw tZtht`ymx Aar-Xky \m`mbn
`{Z-an-Xn. tbm am ZZmXn k Cu tZh amhmx Al-a--a--a-Z-
Ct-ls `{Z Fp ]d-bp-Xv Fp-sIm-sv - a mZv a nx Alw hnizw `ph\ aXy- ` - h m- k p-
tZh- m tNmZn- - tm {_mhv ]dp: `{Zw F- Xns htPymXnx b Ghw thZ CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
Aw awKfw Fm-Wv. Atlw kzbw Imn-am\pw
a{-n Alw F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--sX-
A\ysc Imn-am-m-cm-p--h\pw BWv. kzbw tim`m-k-
n-\m-sWv tZh-m tNmZn--tm {_mhv ]dp:
--\m-bmepw A\ysc tim`m-a-b-cm-p-Xp sImpw
{ipXn-bn ]d-n-p-v. Rm tZh-mv apv {]I-S-am-
Cs\ t] Inn. thZ-n ]d-n-cn-p- p. tZh-msc
b-h-\m-W.v Rm\mWv Cu Zriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb {]]--
R bw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-tm ImXp-I
n\p app Xs {]I- S-amb Bmhv \n Fs cn-
awKfw tIp-am-dm-It- W. Ip-I-fm awKfw Zin--
n-p-ap-v. Rm A- am-W.v A- `--I-m-cpsS `-I-\p-
tW. `K-hms\ {]Ion-p-sImv ZrV- -emb AwK--
am-bn-on-cn-p-p. kqcy-{]-Im-ihpw Fs {]Im-i-
em I- sNbvXv tZh-m Cn-p-n-S-tmfw
ns apn \njv{]-`-am-Wv. CXv Adn-bp- -h-\mWv Fs
Bbpv t\S-s. Cs\ hn--s-Sp-I-bm `K-hms\
bYm D]m-k-I.
`{Z-s\p ]d-bp-p.

N P

I aqmw D]-\n-jv
tZhm l ssh {]Pm-] -X n-c -A -{_p-h- -\ p- p-`-
ky-a-{-c m-P ky \mc-knw-lky inw _oPw N
t\m {_qln `Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm ]Xnx
ambm hm Gjm \mc-k nwlo kh-anZw krPXn
kh-an{Zw cXn kh-anZw kwl-cXn XkvamXv
am bmthXmw inw hnZym- c Zy GXmw ambmw
inw thZ k ]m]vam\w XcXn tkm f arXXzw
N KXn alXow {inb-a-iv\ptX aoamwk t {_-
hm-Znt\m {lkzm hm ZoLm hm pXm thXn bZn
{lkzm `hXn khw ]m]vam\w Zl-Xy-ar-XXzw N
KXn bZn ZoLPm `hXn alXow {iob-am-]v\p-
bmXv Aar-X Xzw N KXn {inb-aiv\ ptX aoamw-
kt {_-hm-Znt\m {lkzm hm ZoLm hm Xm
`hXn m\-hm `hXn Aar-XXzw N KXn XtZ-
XZv Ejn-tWmw \nZi-\w- k C\w ]mln b
EPnjn Xcq{X {inbw evanw Hu]-emw-_nImw Kmw
jjvTow N bmw C{-tkt\ XypX Blp kvXmw
hnZymw {_ tbm\nw k cq]mw Xan-l m-b ptj
icWw {]]tZy kthjmw hm GX-Zv` q-X m\mw
BImix ]cm-bWw khmWn lhm CW-B-\C
`qXm\n BIm- i m- t Zh Pmbt BIm- i m- t Zh
PmXm\n Pohn BImiw {]bn A`n-kw-hn-in
Xkv a m- Z m- I miw _oPw hnZym- tZ ZXv Ejn-
tWmw \nZi\w lwkx ipNn-Zzn-jkypx A-
co kmXm thZ-j-Z-XnYnx Zptcm-Wk - -r-j-Zz-c-k-
ZpX kZv thyma kZ_vPm tlmPm EXPm A{ZnPm
EXw _rlXv b Ghw thtZXn atlm-]-\n-j-Xv.
tZh-m {]Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv ]dp: \c-knw-l-ns
t{ijvT -a-{-amb A\p-p-ns in-sb--nbpw _oP-
s--nbpw D]-tZ-in-m-epw. {_mhv ]dp: Cu hniz-
ns krn nXn eb-Im-cnWn `K-hms in cq]-
bmb amb-bm-W.v amb-Xs in. ambsb in-cq-]-n-
e-dn- bp m\n ]m]w \on `h-km- Kcw ISv Aar-XXzw
{]m]n-p-p. Ah\v Fpw kpJ-k-arn e`n-p-p.
`K-hms ambm-in {lkztam ZoLtam qXtam
Fv {_m-Zn-I Nnn-m-dp-v. {lkz-sa-n {lkz-sa-
-dn-bp-Ib
- m-sW-n Ah ]m]-ap--\mbn Aar-XXzw
{]m]n-p-p. ZoL-am-sW- n AX- dn-bp- -h al-mb
sFizcyw {]m]nv Aa-c-\m-Ip-p. qX-am-sW-n AX-dn- \mb A\p-p-ns AwK-`q-X- amb a{- Rv
bp--h AXyw m\n-bmbn Aar-XXzw t\Sp-p.
Cs\ ]d- b-s-Sp ambm-cq-]-amb _np-a-b- kz-c-ta, Kmb-{Xn, \c-knw- l-Km-b{Xn Ch a{- cm-Ps AwK-`q-X--
F\nv kwkm-c-km- Kcw XcWw sNm- \m-{K- l- apv AXn\v fmb a{--fm-Wv. AXv Adn-bp--h\v sFiz-cyhpw HSp-
Rm i-cs in-bmb C{-tk-\-sbbpw hnZym-i-n- hn Aa-cX
sbbpw B{i-bn-p-p. Fm in-I-tfmSpw tNv
Fs cn-p-I.
N P
549
kh-Po-hn-Ifpw D`-hn-Xv BIm-i- n \nm-W.v K
Fm-n-sbpw B{i-b-m-\hpw AXm-W.v BIm-i- n
\nv Poh [cnv Fmw BIm-i-n hne-bn-p-p.
AXn-\m BImiw kh-n-sbpw _oP-am-W.v `K-hm
Xs ]c-a-[m-a- n {]Im- in-p-p. Atlw Xs hkp-
. {Kl--fnse AXn-Yn-Ifpw Atlw Xs. b-
th- Zn-bn {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Anbpw At-l- am-Wv. Atlw
Xs An-bpw lhnpw tlma-{Z-hy--fpw. Atlw
BIm-i-nepw kz-nepw ar-tem-I-nepw kXy-
tem- I- nepw hkn-p-p. ]rYzo, Pew, ]h-X- F
kI-eX - nepw {]I-S-am-p-Xv ]c-a-amb kXyhpw alm\pw
Atlw Xs. C{]-Imcw Adn-bp m\n Fm al-
Xzhpw A\p-`-hn-p-p. CXv atlm-]-\n-j-m-Ip-p.
\memw D]-\ n-j v
1. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h--\p-p-`k - p-
a-{ -cm-Pky \mc-knw-l-k ymwK a{m-tm-{_qln
`Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm- ] Xnx {]Whw
kmhn{Xnw bPqevaow \r knwl kmb{Xnw CXn
CwKm\n Pm\o-bm-Xv. tbm Pm\otX tkm f arXXzw
N KXn Hman-tXy-ZZ- --c-anZw khw Xtkym-]h - ym-
Jym\w `qX `hZv `hn-jyXv CXn khw HmwImc
Gh bm-\rXv {XnIm-em-XoXw XZ]n Hmmc Gh
khw tly XZv {_m-b-amm {_-tkm-b-amm
N Xp- j v]mZv PmK- c n- X - mt\m _l n- { ] x
k]v X mwKx GtIm- \ - h nw- i - X n- a pJx qe- ` pIv
sshizm-\ cx {]Yax ]mZx kz]v\ - mt\ A-
{]x kv] XmwK GtIm\ hnwi-Xnapkx {]hn-
hn `pIv ssXPtkm ZzXobx ]mtZm, b{X kp]vtX
\ I\ Imaw Ima-b tX \ I\ kz]v \ w
]iyXn XXv kpjp]vXw kpjp]vX m\ GIo-
`qXx {]m-\ -L \ Ghm- \ - - a-tbm-] ym-\ - -` pIv
tNtXm-apJx {]-kvXr-Xobx ]mZ Gj kth-
izcx Gj khx Gj A- c ymao Gj
tbm\nx khky {]`hm ]ybu ln `qXm\mw \
_ln-{]w \mx{]w \ {]m-\-L-\-a-Zr-
-hy-h-l m-c -a-{Km-ly-a-e --Wa
- -enw-K-a-N nv ah-hy-]-
tZ-iy-ta-I m- -{]-X y-b-kmcw {]]-tm-]-i aw inh-
s s ZzX w N X p w a\ yt k B m k
hntbx
{_m-hn-t\mSv tZh-m ]dp: `K-hm-s\, a{-cm-P-
]dp Xc-Ww. {_mhv ]dp: {]W-hw, bPpe-van,
- zhpw e`n-pw.
Ahn-\m-in-bm-Wv Hmwmcw, kq Zriy-{]-]w
AXns aln-a-b m-Wv. `qX-h-am-\`- h
- n-jy--fp-ambn
 550

I _-s--h-sbmw Hmwm-c-am-Wv. {XnIm-e-n \npw K

thZ alXow {inb-a-iv\ptX Hmw \rknw-lmb hnZva-
Ap-d-p-Xpw Hmmcw Xs. AXv `K-hm \r-knw- l- tl-h-{P-\-Jmb [oaln Xtm knwlx {]tNm-Zb
- mXv
am-W.v \mep ]mZ- tN-h-\m-W-t-lw. CtXyjm ssh \rknw-l-Km-b{Xn thZm\mw tZhm\mw
\nZm\w `h-Xn. b Ghw thZ k \nZm-\-hm `hXn
Pm{K- Z - h - , qe - { ] - ] w C h- b ps S
tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h-Y ssIass{x
m\hpw _mly-{]-]-m--I-amb m\-ns
tZhx kvXpXyx {]otXm `hXn kzmm\w Zi-bXn
tI{hpw k]v X - t em- I - - f p- s Sbpw AwKhpw
Xtm {_qln `Kh CXn k tlmhmN {]Pm-]Xnx
Ap It-{n-b - \mev AxIc-W -
Hmw Dw Hmw tbm ssh\r-knwtlm tZthm `K-hm-
Cs\ ]sm]Xp Imcy- apJ-a m-b n- p-
\y {_m Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
Xpw qe-{]-]- - ns t`mmhpw sshizm-
\-c -s \- -\ n-e -b n {]kn- \pw kh-c q-] -\ p-amb (1) Hmw {Kw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZh `K-
An `K-hm \c-knw-l-ns {]Y-a-]m-Z-am-Ip-p. hm-\y hnjvWp-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
kz]v\m-h-bpw AXn-\m {]`m-hn-X-hp-amb Cu (2) Hmw how Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZh `K-
kqva-hnizw BcpsS m\- am- Wv. BcpsS B- m\w hm-\r atl-iz-c-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]]--n hym]n- n-cn-p- p. k]vX- tem- I- epw BcpsS (3) Hmw cw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
apJ-am-Wv, Bv ]sm]Xv apJ-ap-v, Bcv kqva- hm-\y ]pcpj kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]-]--ns t`mmhpw ]me-I\ - p-am-W.v A-s\-bp (4) Hmw aw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
ssXP-k-]p-cp-j Xs-bmWv \rknw-l-ns ZznXob hm-\y Cuiz-c-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
]mZw.
(5) Hmw lmw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
kpjp-]Xv nbpw {]f-bm-h- bpw BcpsS m\-am-W,v `K-hmt\ym kc-kz-cXo Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
BcpsS cq]w L\o-`q-X-hn-m-\-am-Wv, BcpsS apJw (6) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
Nnb {]Im-i-am-W v, B\- -a-b-am-W v, A-s \-bp hm\yx {iokvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
{]m-]p-cp-j Xs-bmWv \rknw-l-ns XrXob
(7) Hmw hnjvWpw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
]mZw. Cs\ {Xn]m-Zb - p--\mb ]c-a-in-h kI-e-cp-
`K-hm bm Kuco Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
sSbpw kzmanbpw kh- \pw A-cym-anbpw BWv. kI-
e-Xn- sbpw krn nXn kwlm-c-m- \hpw AXp Xs. (8) Hmw Pzw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm bm {]Ir Xnkvakvssa ssh \tam \ax
qe-kq-va-\pw {]m\w L\o-`h - n-m--
(9) Hmw ew Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
h\pw AZr-iy\pw \ncm-Im-c\pw Bb ]q-{_ Xs-
hm bm hnZym Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
bmWv `K-h m \c-knw-l- ns NXp-] m-Z-sav
m\n-I ]d-bp-p. apv kqNn-n \mep ]mZ--fnepw (10) Hmw Xw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
Bsc--n-bmtWm hn-n-cn-p-Xv AXv `K-hm \c- hm-\y HmwImc kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
knwlw Xs. At-ls a\-n-em--Ww. (11) Hmw kw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hmt\y NX{kx [mkvXmkvXkvssa th \tam
2. AY kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo bm bPpjm t{]mm-
\ax
Xbm kh-anZw hym]vXw LrWn-cnXn tZz A-tc-
kqcy CXn {XoWn BZnXy CXn {XoWn GXZv ssh (12) Hmw hm Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
kmhn-{Xm-k ymm- cw ]Zw {inbm-` n-j nw b hm tb N thZmx kmwKmx k imJmkvX kvssa
Ghw thZ {inbm sslhm-`n-jn-NytX XtZ-ZXv ENm- ssh \tam \ax
`yp- w--EtNm Atc ]cta thymav\ y kvan (13) Hmw tXm Hmw tbm ssh \rknw-tlm-tZthm `K-
tZhm A[n-hntiz \ntjZpx bkvX thZ-In-arNm hmt\y ]m--b-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
Icn-jyXn b CZv hnZpkvX Cta-k-am-kX CXn (14) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
\ l hm GX \yNm \ bPpjm \ kmav\mtm hm bmx k]vX hymlr-X-b-kvXkvssa ssh \tam
f kvXn bx kmhn{Xnw thZ CXn \ax
Hmw `q eva o`p-h evaox kphx Ime- (15) Hmw Jw Hmw tbm ssh \rknw-lm-tZthm `K-
IWo Xtm alm-e vaox {]tNm- Z-b m-Z n- tXym- hm tb Nmu temI-]m-em-kvXkvssa ssh \tam
jmssh alm-e- va obPpx Kmb{Xn NXphnw-i- \ax
Xy- cm `hXn Kmb{Xn hm CZw khw bZnZw (16) Hmw \pw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
Inw N XkymZy GXmw alm-evaow bmPpjow hm tb Nmu hk-h-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax

N P

I (17) Hmw knw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
`K-hm tb N cp{Zm-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(18) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm tb N BZn-Xy-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(19) {lnw `ow tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm tb Nmu {Klm-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(20) Hmw jw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm bm\n ]-alm `qXm\n Xkvssa ssh Xtam
\ax
(21) Hmw Ww Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y Ime-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(22) Hmw `w Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y a\p-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(23) Hmw {Znw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y arXyp-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(24) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y ba-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(25) Hmw Xypw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
`K-hm-\yI -kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(26) Hmw apw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y {]mW-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(27) Hmw Xypw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm
`K-hm-\y kqcy-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(28) Hmw \w Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y tkma-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(29) Hmw amw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y hncmSv ]pcpj-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(30) Hmw ap Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y Poh-kvXkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(31) Hmw lw Hmw tbm ssh \rknwtlm tZthm `K-
hm-\y khw Xkvssa ssh \tam \ax
(32) CXn Xm {]Pm- ] Xnx A{_- h oXv GssXx
Zzm{Xnw-iXv ass{x \nXyw tZhw kvXphtX XtXm
tZhx {]otXm `hXn kzm\w Zi-bXn XkvamZy
GssXass{x \nXyw tZhw kvXuXn k tZhw
]ivXn k khw ]iyXn tkm f arXXzw N K-
Xn. b Ghw thtZXn atlm-]-\n-j-Xv.
hopw tZh-m {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\,
`K-hm \rknw-ls GsX-sX-mw kvtXm{Xw sImp
kvXpXn- m-emWv At-l- ns Zi\w e`n-p -X v.
{_mhv ]dp: apI-fn ]d-b-s ap-n-cp kwJy-
bp t{ijvT-a -{- ns ap-n-c p a{- -fm
Atlw {]k--\m-bn- o-cp-p. Cu a{--fm \nXyhpw
At-ls kvXpXn-p-I. As\ sNbvXm At-l-
ns Zi\w e`n-pw. Aar-XXzw {]m]n-m\pw AXv D]-
N P
551
I-cn-pw. CXv Adn-bp--h\pw ta ]d ^ew knn- K
pw. Cs\ atlm-]-\n-j-v.
Amw D]-\ n-j v
1.tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]-Xn-a-{_p-h alm-N{Iw \ma-
N{Iw t\m {_qln `Kh CXn kh ImanIw tam-
Zzmcw btZym-Kn\ D]-Zn-i-n. k tlmhmN {]t`m
]Xnx jUmcw `hXn jSv ]{Xw N{Iw `hXn jUv
hm EXhx EXp`nx kwanXw `hXn a(t[y \m`n`-
hXn \m`ymw hm GtX Acm {]Xn-jvTnXmx ambbm
bm GXXv khw thnXw `hXn \mm\w ambm
kv]rKXn XkvamXv ambbm _ln thnXw `hXn
AY Amcw A-]Zw N{Iw `h-Xy-m-cm ssh
Kmb-{Xo. Kmb{Xym kwanXw `hXn _lnam-bbm
thnXw `hXn t{Xw t{Xw hm ambm Gjm
kw]-ZytX ZzmZ-imcw ZzmZ-i-]{Xw N{Iw `hXn ZzmZ-
im- cm ssh PKXn PKXym kwanXw `hXn
_lnambw thnXw `h-Xn. AY tjmU-imcw
tjmU-i-]{Xw N{Iw `hXn tjmUi Item ssh
]pcpjx ]pcpj Gh CZw khw ]pcp- tjW
kwanXw `h-Xn. ambm _lnth-nXw `h-Xn. AY
Zzm{Xn-i-Zcw Zzm{Xnw kXv ]{Xw N{Iw `h-Xn. Zzm{Xnw-
i-Z-cm hm A\p-p-_-\ p-p`w kwanXw `h-Xn.
_lnam-bbm thnXw `hXn Assc hm GXXv
kp_w `hXn thZm hm GtX Acm ]ss{Xhm
GXX v k hXx ] cn- { Im- a X n Omwkn ssh
]{XmWn
{_m-hn-t\mSv hopw tZh-m ]dp: `K-hm-s\,
A\p-p-`-a-{- cm-Ps alm-N{Iw Fp t]cp N{I-s-
p-dnv Rv ]dp Xc-Ww. Cu N{Iw tam-{]-
Zhpw khm-`n--Zm-b-Ih- p-sav ]d-b-s-Sp-p. AXp-tIv
{_mhv ]dp: \n ]d-Xv icn-bm- W.v kpZi\w
FmWv B alm-N-{I-ns t]cv. CXv Bdv A-c-
tN-Xm-Wv. CXn Bdv EXp--fp-v. EXp-sf Ac--
tfmSv kmZr-iy-s-Sp-n. N{I-ns \m`n-bn Cu A-
c- LSn-n-n-cn-p-p. ambv Bm-hns\ kv]in-
m km[y-a-. AXn-\m amb Cu N{Is shfn-bn
\np sImv Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn- p-p. hopw Fv Ac-
ap A-Z-f-N-{I-am-Ip-p. Kmb-{Xnpw Fp A-c-ap-
v. Kmb-{Xn-bp-ambn Cs\ D]-an-p. amb-sh-fn-bn \nv
hfbw shn-cn-p-p. ]noSv ]{v Ac--fp N{I-
am-Ip-p. ]{v A-c--fp PK-Xn-O--n-t\mSv ZzmZ-
i-Z-f-N-{Is kmZr-iy-s-Sp-n. CXpw amb-bm Bhr-
X-am-Wv. ]Xn-s\p Zf--fp tjmU-imcw Dv. AXv
tjmU-i-I-em-bp--am-Wv. \rknw-l-n\pw ]Xn-\mdv Ie-
I-fm-Wv. CXns\ kmm `K-hm-s\v a\-n-em-p-I.
]ns ap-n-cp Ac--fp N{I-am-Ip-p. A\p-p-
nepw ap-n-cv A-c--fm-W v. CXpw amb-bm

I _ln`m-Kp \npw Bth-n-X-am-Wv. thZw Xs-bm-W,v
Cu N{I-ns Ac-. Ov Zf--fpw BWv. Cu
Zf--fm-emWv Id-p--Xv.
2. GXXv kpZi\w alm- N {Iw Xky at[y
\m`ymw XmcIw `hXn bZ- cw \mc-k nw- l ta
Imcw XZv `hXn jSv kp ]t{Xjp jU-cw
kpZi\w `h-Xn. Akp ]t{Xjp Am-cw
\mcm-bWw `hXn ZzmZ-iky ]t{Xjp ZzmZ-im-cw
hmkp-tZhw `hXn tjmU-ikp ]X3-t#jp amXr-
ImZymx k_n- pImx tjmU-iI - em `hXn Zzm{Xnw
ip-]-t{Xjp Zzm{Xnw-iZ- -cw a{-cmPx \mc-knw-
l-a-\p-p`w `hXn XZv hm GXXv kpZi\w alm-
N {Iw k h- I m- a nIw tam Zzmc - a r Mvabw
bPpabw kma-abw {_-abw Aar-X-abw `hXn
Xky ]pc-k vXmXv hkhx Bk-tX. cp{Zmx Zn-
WXx ]mXv hniz-tZhmx D-ctXm {_-hn-jvWp-
a-tl-izcmx \m`ymw kqcy N{-aku ]miztbmx
XtZX ZrNm-`ypw EtNm Atc ]cta thyma-
\y-kvan tZhm A[n hntiz-\n-tjZpx. bkvXw \
thZ InarNm Icn-jy-Xn. b C-Zzn-ZpkvX Cta kam-
kX CXn. XtZ-X--lm-N{Iw _mtem hm bphm hm
thZ k alm `h-Xn. k Kpcp`-hXn k kth
jmw a{mWmw D]-tZm `h-Xy-\p-p`m tlmaw
Ipcym-X v-A - \ p- p-` m\w XtZ-X Xv ctmLv\ w
arXyp-X m-c Iw KpcptXm e_v[w IWvtT _mlu
inJmbmw hm _[v\oXx k]vX Zzo]-hXn `qanx Zn-
Wm- - \ mh Iev ] tX Xkv a mXv {ibm bmw
ImwNnXv AZymXv km ZnWm `h-Xn.
3. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]Xn a{_p-m-\p-p-`ky
a{-cm-Pky ^ew t\m {_qln `Kh CXn ktlm-
hmN {]Pm-]Xnx b GXw N a{-cmPw \mc-knw-l-
a-\ p- p`w \nXy-a-[ otX tkm f n]qtXm `hXn
k hmbp-]qtXm `hXn k BZnXy ]qtXm `hXn
k tkma-]qtXm `hXn k kXy-]qtXm `hXn k
{_-] qtXm `hXn k hnjvWp ]qtXm k cp{Z
]qtXm `hXn k thZ- ] qtXm `hXn k kh
]qtXm `h-Xn.
N P
552
kpZi\w F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp alm-N{Iw
K
ap-n-cp Zf--ep Cu N{Iw Xs-bm-Wv. CXns
a[y-nse \m`n-bn `K-hm \c-knw-ls kw_-n-
p Xmc-I-a-{- \ymkw sN-Ww. B XmcI a{w GIm-
cw am{Xw tN-Xm-Wv. B Zf--fn Bdv A-c-ap
kpZi-\-a-{- \ymkw sN-Ww. Fp Zf--fn F-- c-
ap \mcm-bW - -a-{hpw ]{p Zf--fn ZzmZ-im-- cn-
bmb hmkp-tZ-h-a-{hpw \ymkw sNt-- Xp-.v ]Xn- \mdp
Zf--fn ]Xn-\mdv A-c- Dv. ap-n-cp Zf--
fn a{- cm-P-\ mb A\p- p-ns\ \ymkw sN-W w.
kpZi- \m-`n- [- amb Cu alm- N{Iw hn{ip-X- am-Wv. CXv khm-
`n--{]-Zhpw apn Zmb-I-hp-am-Ip-p. Ev bp-,v kmaw
Fn-h-bpsS kmm cq]hpw Aar-X-a-b-am-Wv. CXns
Ingp `mKv A-tZ-h-mcpw sXv GIm-Z-i-cp-{Z-mcpw
hkn-p- p. \m`n- bn {_m- hnjvWp atl-iz-c-mcpw Ccp
]miz--fnepw kqcy-N-{-mcpw IpSn sImp-p.
En Cs\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p-p. `K-hm \c-
knwlw ]c-a-thym-a-cq-]nbpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-am-Wv. At-l-
n kh-th-Z-epw IpSn-sIm-p-p. At-l-n
kh-tZ-h-mcpw {]Xn-jT v n-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. `K-hm \c-knw-
ls Adn-bm--h\v EtKz-Zm-[ym-b\w sImv ^e-an-.
`K-hm \c-knw-l-sbpw At-l-ns N{I-sbpw
Adn-bp--h ]c-{_--n nXn sNp-p. Cu alm-
N-{Is _met\m bphmthm ]Tn-mepw alm-\m-bn-o-
cpw. a{-cm-P-\mb A\p-p-n-\m Xs ]qPbpw tlma
hpw \S--Ww. alm-N{Iw cm-k-m-cn \np-m-Ip
`b-n \nv c \Ip-p. CXv arXyp-hns\ AI-p-
p. Kpcp-hn \npw CXns\ b{-cq-]-n kzoI-cnv
Igpv inJ ssIbv Fn-h-bn [cn-p-I. Cu at{m-]-
tZiw Xcp Kpcp-hn\v Zn- W-bm-bn, `qan apgp-h sImSp-
mepw AXv A[n-Ia - n-.
{_m-hn-t\mSv Ah hop tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\, Zb-
hmbn A\p-p-s hnin--a-{-ns ^e-s-n ]d-
bp-I. \nXyhpw Cu a{w P]n-p hyn Xobn ]gp-
n-s-Sp kzw t]mse-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah kh-
hn-[-nepw ]cn-ip--\mbn `hn-p-p.
\rknw-l-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-
 553

I K
1 \rknw-l-jvS-N-t{Im-]-\n-jv 3
Hmw. tZhm l ssh kXyw temI-am-bwkvXw p. BZy-tXv A-cw, cm-a-tXv a[y-aw, aqm-a-
{]Pm-]X - n-a-]r- \mc-knw-l-N-{Itm {_qlo-Xn. tXv _mlyw Cs\ hebw aqm-Wv. CXn a[ya
Xm {]Pm]-Xn\mc-knw-l-N -{I-a-thm-N -Xv. jUv _oPw \mc-knwl Kmb-{Xn-bm-Wv. _mlyw B a{-hpw.
ssh \mc-knw-lm\n N{ImWn `h-n. bXv {]Yaw B-ch - e
- bw F{X-bm-sW-m-sW-n Bc he-b-
X-Xp-c-cw, bZzn-Xobw X-Xp-c-cw, br-Xobw XZ- -fpsS kwJy Bdm-Wv. BZy-tXv \mc-knwlw cm-a-
jvSm-cw, NXv NXpw XXv ]m-cw, bZvjjvTw tXv alm-evayw aqm-a-tXv kmc-kzXw \mev
XZ-j v S m- c w, XtZ- X m\n jtUh \mc- k nw- l m\n {]Whw Av t{Im[w \mc-knw-l-h-eb - -v Bdv
N{ImWn `h-n. B-c-h-e-b--fp-ap-v.
AX Im\n \mam\n `h-n. bXv {]Yaw XZm AY Inw a[ya hebw jUv ssh a[y-am\n
N{Iw, bZv ZznXobw XXv kpN-{Iw, br-Xobw X- he-bm\n `h-n. bm-c-knw-lmb XXv {]Y-aky
lm-N{- Iw, b-Xpw XXv kI-et- emI c-W- bZzn-Za
v -tl, XZvZzn-Xo-bky bZz-{P\Jmb, XrXo-bky
N-{Iw, bZv ]aw XZyp-X-N-{Iw, bZv jjvTw XZ bo-a-ln, X-Xpky bkvX - -kvX -Xv, ]-
kpcm- -I -N {Iw XtZ- X m\n jtUh \mc- k nwl aky bXv knwlx {]tNm-Z-Z-bm-ZnXn XXv jjvTky
N{I-\m-am\n `h-n. XtZ-X m\n jmw \mc-knw-l N{ImWmw ja-
[y-am\n he-bm\n `h-n.
AY Im\n {XoWn he- bm\n `h- n. bXv
{]Yaw XZm-c- -h-ebw `h-Xn, bZzn-Xobw X-[y-h- AY Inw _mlyw hebw? jUv ssh _mlym-
ebw `h-Xn, bZv XrXobw XZv _mly-he - bw `h- \n-he- -bm\n `h-n. bZm-N{Iw bZmm XXv {]Y-a-
Xn. XtZ-Xm\n {XotWytX he-bm\n `h-n. bZm ky, XXv kpN{Iw bXv {]nbmm XZv ZznXo-b-ky,
btZ-XZv _oP b-[yaw Xmw \mc-knw-ly-Km-b-{Xn, blm N{Iw, bPvtPym-Xn-cmm XXv XrXo-b-ky,
bZv _mlyw X-{w. XXv kI-eky temI-c - Ww N{Iw bm-bm-m-
X-X- p-k y, bZm{Iw btZym-Kmm XXv ]-
AY Ina-cw hebw jU--cmWn he-bm\n
aky bZ-kp-cm-I N{Iw. bXv kXymm jjvT-
`h- n. bm- c - k nwlw XXv {]Y- a mX blm
ky. XtZ-Xm\n jmw \mc-knwl N{ImWmw jUv
eyw, XZv ZznXo-b -k y, bXv kmc- k z-X w. XXv
_mlym\n he-bm\n `h-n.
XrXo-b-ky, bky bXv Imaw tZh-X--Xp-c yky
bXv {]W-hx XXv ]aky XXv t{Im[ ZP-bXw a[ya he-b- F{X-bmWv? B tNmZy-n\pc-
XXv jjv T ky XtZ- X m\n jmw \mc- k nwl ambn {]Pm-] Xn ]dp: a[y- nse he-b--fpsS
N{ImWmw jU--cmWn he-bm\n `h-n. kwJybpw Bdm-Wv. Hm-at- -Xns "\mc-knw-l- -lmb',
cm-a-t-X ns "hnZva tl', aqm-a-t-X ns "h{P
tZh-m, kXy-kz-cq-]\pw hym]-I-temI ]nXm-hp- amb \Jmb' \mem-at- -Xns "[naln', Ans "X',
{]Pm- ]- Xn- tbm-Sv-, Rv \mc- knw-l-N- {I-ns D]-tZiw Bdns "{]tNm-Z-bmXv' Fpw Ch-bmWv \mc-knwl he-
\I-Ws - av ]d-p. Ahv {]Pm-]Xn \mc-knw-l- b-s Bdv N{I-. _mly-h-eb - - GsXm-s-
N{Iw D]-tZ-in-p. AXns Npcpw CXm-Wv. \mc-knwl bm-sW-n BXn\v _mly he-b-fpw Bdm-sWv adp-
N{Iw Bdp {]Im-c-n-em-Wv. BZys N{Iw \mev Ac- ]Sn sImSp-p.
ap--Xm-Wv. cm-a-tXpw \mev Ac-ap--Xm-W.v aqm-a-
B N{Ihpw Bmhpw Hm-at- -Xns: kpN-
tXv Fv Ac-ap--Xv, \mem-a-tXv Av Ac-ap--Xv.
{Ihpw {]nbm-mhpw cm-a-t-Xns: alm-Nv{Ihpw
Am-a-t-Xn\pw Av Ac-am-W.v Bdm-a-t-Xn Fp
tPymXn-cm-mhpw aqm-a-t-Xns; kIe temI-c-Ww
Ac--fp-v. Cs\ \mc-knw-l-N-{I- BdmWv Ah-
ambmm Ch ASp--Xns; Akp-cm--N{Iw kXym-,
bpsS t]cv Fm-sW-m-sW-n--{]-Pm-]Xn hni-Zo-I-cn-
Ch ASp--Xns; Cs\ \mc-knwl N{I-n\v Bdv
p. Hm-at- Xv B N{Iw, cm-a-tXv kpN-{Iw, am-
_mly- h-e-b--fm-W.v
a-tXv alm-N{- Iw, \mem-a-tXv kIe temI-c--Ww,
Am-a-tXv ZyqX- N- {Iw, Bdm-a-tXv Akp- cm- I N{I- ssIzXm\n \ykm\n? bXv {]Yaw XZvlr-Z-tb,
hpw. CXmWv Bdv \mc-knw-l-N-{I-. Ah-bpsS aqp- bZv ZznXobw Xn-ck - n, bXv XrXobw XXv inJm-
h-e-b- GsXp tNmZn--Xn\v Cs\ adp-]Sn sImSp- bmw, bXv NXpw Xhmw-tKjp bXv ]aw

N P

I XXv kthjp bXv jjvTw XXv kth-jp-tZ-ti-
jp. GXm\n \mc-knw-lm\n N{ImWn GtXjzw
tKjp _n`r-bmXv X kym\p-jvSp]v kny-Xn. Xw
`K-h m \rknwlx {]ko-Z Xn Xky ssIheyw
kny-Xn. Xky kth temImx knyn Xky
kth P\mx kny-n. Xkvam tZXm\n jmw
\mc- k nw- l -N - { Im- W yw- t Kjp \ykym\n `h- n.
] h n{X w G X - k y \ y k - \ w. \ y k - \ m
\rknwlx B \o `h- X n. ItWym `hXn
{_tWy `h-Xn. A\ym-km-\m \rknw lm\Zo
`hXn k ItWym `h- X n. Xkv a mtZ XXv
]hn{Xw Xkym-\y-k\ - w.
tbm hm GXw \mc- k nwlw N{I- a - [ otX
kkthjp thtZ-j[ - otXm `h-Xn. kx kthjp
btjp bmPtIm `hXn. k kthjp Xo
jp kv\mtXm `hXn ktjp at{jp kntm
`h-Xn. k kh{X iptm `h-Xn. `qX ]nimN
imIn\o t{]X \XmI \mitIm `h-X n. XtZ-X -
m{i p[m-\ mb {]{_q-bm tZX- m-{i- mb
1 ]- { _- t m- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn]mTw
Hmw. kl \mhhXp. kl \u `p\p. kl
hocyw Ichmhssl tXPkzn\mh[oXakv X p.
amhn hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv cn
tW. AXv R cpt]scbpw Hcpanv ]cn]men
tW. R cpt]cpw Hcpanv IgnhpI t\StW.
R ]ckv]cw hntZzjw hlnm CSbmImXncn
tW.
1. lcn Hmw. AY ss]emtZm `Khm t`m Inam
Zu Inw PmXanXn. ktZymPmXanXn. Inw `Kh CXn.
AtLmc CXn. Inw. `Kh CXn. hmatZh CXn.
Inw. hm ]p\cnta `Kh CXn. XXv]pcpj CXn Inw
hm ]p\cnta `Kh CXn. kthjmw Znhym\mw
t{]cbnXm Cui B\ CXn. Cuimt\m `qX`hy
ky kthjmw tZhn tbm\n\mw.
N P
554
{]{_q-bm-Zn-Xn. K
Ch FhnsS shbvWw? Ch-bpsS \ymkw Fs\
A\p-jvTn-Ww? Cu tNmZy-n\p Dcw \I-sp
BZy-sXv lrZ-b-n; cm-a-tXv inc-n; aqm-
a-tXv inJ-bn; \mem-a-tXv Fm AwK--fnepw Cu
N{Iw [cn-p-h- v A\p-jvSp]v knn-bp-m-Ip-p.
Ah-cn `K-hm \rknwlw {]k- -\m-b n-o-cp-p.
Ahpw kIe temIhpw kn-am-Ip-p. kI-ecpw
Ahsc am\n-p-p. CXv [cn-p--h I-Wy\pw {_-
m-Xm-hp-ambn `hn-p-p. \mc-knwl N{Iw A[y-b\w
sNp-h - kIe thZ--fp-sSbpw A[y-b\ Im-
hm-Ip-p. Abm kIe b--fp-sSbpw bmn-I-
\mbn KWn--s-Spw. kIe a{--fp-sSbpw knn ssIh-
cp-p. `qX- t{]X- ]nim-Np- Ch-sbmpw
Ahs\ D]-{Z-hn-n-sp Xs-b Ah\v Ahsb
AI-m-\p inbpw ssIh-cp- p. Cu \mc-knwl
N{Is kw_-n-p D]-tZiw {im-lo-\-mv
\I-cp-Xv.
\rknwl jSvN-t{Im-]-\n-jv kam-]vXw.
Hcp Ln imIe ss]emZt\mSv tNmZnp?-
""`Khms\, BZyw DmbXv FmWv?'' ss]emZ
]dp ""ktZym PmXsa {_amWv BZyapmbXv''.
imIe""ap hhcpaptm?'' ss]emZDv
hmatZh\v''. AXptIv C{Xbpw t`Zta Dtm Fv
imIe tNmZntm "A XXv ]pcpj Fp
t]cpff asmcp t`Zapspw ss]emZ ]dp.
Atm ""As\ \mep t`ZemWt?'' Fv im-
Ie tNmZnp''. A kIe tZhmpw t{]cIamb
Cuim\ Fsmcp t`Zw IqSpbpv CXp XsbmWv
Fm `qX`hnjypw kIe tZhtbm\nIpw
imkIambncnpXv'. Fv ss]emZ ]dp.
2. IXn hmx IXnt`Zmx
IXnibx bXv khw
XZv Kplyw.
 555

I ""CXn\v F{X h Dv? F{X t`Zfpv? 11. {]kw kmathZmJym K

F{X inIfpv? CsXmw clkyamWv. \m\mjvSI ka\znXm
3. Xkvs sa \tam almtZhmb almcp{Zmb [ockzca[o\, Nm
4. t{]mhmN Xkvssa `Khm atlix lh\oba\paw
12. m\ kwlmckwbpw
5. tKm]ymZv tKm]yXcw temtI
in Zzb ka\znXw
bZykvXn irWp imIe
hw ipw Xtam an{iw
ktZymPmXw alo ]qjm
]q t_m[Icw kzbw
cam {_m {XnhrXv kzcx
13. \a{Xb \nbmcw
6. EtKztZm KmlhXzw N
[ma{Xb ka\znXw
a{mx k]vX kzcmkvXYm
khku`mKyZw \rWmw
hw ]oXw {Inbm inx
khI ^e{]Zw
khm `ojvS ^e{]Zw. 14. AjvSmc kambp
alm cp{Z Fp t]cpff Cu alm tZh\v \a ajvS ]{Xmc nXw
kvImcw. atli ss]emZ\v Cu D]tZi \In.
hmatZh\pw almb t_m[w \Iph\pw
imIe, temIv AXnclkyambXv tIpI. AXv
Ancq]\pw hnZym{]ImibpX\pw \qdptImSn kqcys
ktZymPmXamWv. AXn\v kIe A`ojvSfpw sImSpp
{]`bpffh\pw kp{]k\pw kmathZsav t]cpff
alo]qjm ca {_m {XnhrXv, AImcmZn kzc
h\pw kmathZ{]Xn]mZnXamb k]vvX kzcfpw `cX.
EtKzZw, Kml]Xymn, \ax inhmb F ]mcw
imkv{X\njv]amb KoXnbpw tNh\pw [ockzcm[o
k, cn, K, a, ], [, \n, Fo k]vX kzc ]oX h
\\pw Blh\ob m\w kwlmc in Ch tNh
w {Inbmin Fns\ At\Iw cq] Dv.
\pw BWv B alm. Atlw shfp \ndapffh\pw
7. AtLmcw kenew N{w XtamKpWbp\pw ]qm\ Imhpw [ma{Xb
Kuco thZ ZznXobIw \nbmhpw [ma{Xbm\znX\pw kh ku`mKyhpw
\Iph\pw kIe Ipw ^ew \Ip-
\ocZm`wkzcw km{w
h\pw A, I, N, S, X, ], b,i Cu Ac tNh
ZnWmncpZmlrXw \pw lrZbnepff AjvSZf Iaen \nhknp
8. ]miZv h kmbpw h\pamIpp.
nXncnm {Inbm\znXw 15. bXv ]pcpjw t{]mw
in cW kwbpw hmbpaWvU e kwhrXw
khmLuLhn\mi\w ]mn\m kambp,
9. khZpjvS {]ih\w a{in \nbmaIw
ksshizcy ^e{]Zw 16. ]mKXv kzc hm hym
aYthZ kzcq]Iw
AtLmcw Pew Nw Kucn kmathZw \ocZmZw kzcw
tImSn tImSn KWm[yw
km{w ZnWmn Fnh AtLmcns kzcq]
fmWv. Chbpw AXv ActfmSp IqSnbXpw nXn {_mWv UmJWvU hn{Klw
C {Inbmin FnhtbmSpIqSnbXpw Xs kev] 17. hw cw ImaZw N
inbpsS kwcWtmSp IqSnbXpamb AtLmc kzcq]w khym[n hym[n t`jPw
kIe ]m]fpw \innpXpw kIe ZpjvSmscbpw
krjv Sn nXn ebm Zo\mw
iannpXpw ksshizcyhpw \IpXpamWv.
ImcWw kh in [rIv
10. hma tZhw almt_m[ 18. Ahm{Xn Xbm XoXw
ZmbIw ]mhImIw Xpcobw {_ kwnXm
hnZymtemI kambpaw {_ hnjvWzmZn`n. tkhyw
`m\ptImSn k{a{]`w kthjmw P\Iw ]cw.
N P

I Rm kqNnn XXv ]pcpj hmbp aWvUe
kwhrX\pw ]mnbn kathjvSnX\pw a{insb
\nb{nph\pw kzchyRvP \mIamb AXv
ActfmSp IqSnbh\pw AYh thZkzcq]\pw
tImSm\ptImSn KWv A[y\pw {_mWvUm
JWvU hn{Kl\pw Nph \ndapffh\pw Ima ZmXmhpw
kIe B[nIfpw hym[nIfpw \innph\pw krjvSn
nXn kwlmcImcI\pw kh in [mcnbpw
Ahm{XbmXoX\pw Xpcob\pw {_m Fv t]tcmSp
IqSnbh\pw {_mhv hnjvWp apXembhcm tkhn-
sSpXpw kIensbpw ]nXmhpamIpp.
19. Cuim\mw ]caw hnZymXv
t{]cIw _pn kmnbpw
BImimI ahy
tamwImckzc `qjnXw
20. khtZhabw imw
imyXoXw kzcmZv _lnx
AImcm Zn kzcm [y
amImiab hn{Klw
21. ] IrXy \nbmcw
]{_mIw _rlXv
]{_tm]kwlmcw
IrXzm kzm\n kwnXx
22. kz ambm ssh `hm khm
kwlrXy kzm\n nXx
] {_mImXotXm
`mktX kzkz tXPkm
BZmht N at[y N
`mktk \m\y tlXp \m
Cuim\\pw kIecpsSbpw _pn kmnbpw
BImi kzcq]\pw Ahy\pw Hmmc kzc`qjnX\pw
khtZhab\pw im\pw imnpw AXoX\pw
kzcfm AwKhy\pw AImcm Zn kzcsmw
A[y\pw krjvSn XpSnb ]IrXyfpsSsbmw
\nbmaI\pw khhym]nbpw ] {_ kzcq]\pw
]{_tm]kwlmcw sNbvXv kzmmhn nXnsN
ph\pw Xs ambm ssh`hm khhpw kwl-
cnv kzm nX\mbncnph\pw BZna[ym-
fnepw asmcp ImcWhimepw `mknXamImh\pw
Fm kzbw {]Imi\pw kzbw `qhpamIpp.
23. ambbm tamlnXmx iwt`m
alm tZhw PKZv Kpcpw
\ Pm\n kpcmx kth
khImcW ImcWw
N P
556
24. \ kmZrti XnjvSXn cq]aky K
]cmXv]cw ]pcpjw hniz[ma
25. tb\ {]ImitX hnizw
bss{Xh {]hneobtX
XZv {_ ]caw imw
XZv {_mkvan ]cw ]Zw
26. ] {_ ]cw hnZymXv
ktZymPmXmZn ]qhIw
ZriytX {iqbtX b
]{_mIw kzbw
27. ][mham\w Xw
{_ImcyanXn kvarXw
{_ImcyanXn mXzm
Cuim\w {]Xn ]ZytX
28. ] {_mIw khw
kzm\n {]hnem]y N
tkm f l kvaoXn Pm\obXm
ZznZzm {_mSartXm `thXv
29. CtXyXXv {_ Pm\obm
Zyx k aptm \ kwibx
30. ]mcabw iw`pw
] {_W cq]nWw
\ Imcm Znb Imcmw
mXzm ]mcw Pt]Xv
ics ambbm tamlnXcmIbm kIetZh
mcpw PKZv Kpcphpw kIe ImcWImcW `qX\pamb
almtZhs\ Adnbpn. hniz{]ImiI\mb B
]cmXv]c]pcpjs cq]w IpIv hnjba. Bcp
aqeamtWm Cu hnizw {]IminXambXv FhnsSbmtWm
hnebw {]m]npXv, B {_w ]caimamWv. Rm
B ]ca ]Zkzcq] Xs. ktZymPmXmZnI B
{_w Xs. Cu {]]n ImWsSpXpw tI
sSpXpsamw ] {_mIw Xs. Ap
kzcq]fn hnp AXv {_w Xs. {_
sadnv Cuim\s\ {]m]npI. m\n B ]
{_mIs Bmhn hnebnnv Rm B
]c{_w Xs. AXns kzcq]w Rm Xs Fv
a\nemnbm {_m\mhrXm kzmZI\mbnocpw.
Cs\ {_ kzcq]s Xncndnh ap\mbn
`hnpp. ]mcab\pw ]c{_ kzcq]nbpamb
iw`phns\ a\nemn \anhmb F a{w P]n
pI.
 557

I 31. khw ]mIw hnZymXv 38. X{Zt]W kZm kXyw K

] {_m XXzXx t`tZt\mn hrjm Jep
32. ] {_mInw hnZymw X ImcW taIw ln
tbm f [otX `n `mhXx \ `nw t\m `bmIw
k ]mIXm taXy 39. t`Zx kh{X anssYyh
[m t`Z \ncq]WmXv
`mktX ][m kzbw
BX ImcWw \nXy
33. Gh apzm almtZthm
taItahm Zzbw Jep
Kmehky alm\x
40. A{X ImcWa ssZzXw
Ir]mw ]Imc Xss{Xh
ip ssNX\y tah ln
kzm [o aKhXv kzbw
Akvan {_ ]tc thiy
34. bky {ihW amt{XWm Zlcw b ZnZw apt\
{ipXtah {ipXw `thXv 41. ]pWvU coIw Xp Xt[y
AaXw NaXw mX BImtim Zltcm f kvXn XXv
a hnmXw N imIew k inhx knZm\x
35. GtIss\h Xp ]nWvtU\ tkm f t\zjvSthym apapp `ox
hrnImb KuXa 42. Abw lrZnnXx kmn
hnmXw arabw khw kthjma hntijXx
arX`nw ln ImcyIw tX\mbw lrZbw t{]mx
m hkv Xpfpw ]{_mIsap IcpXn inhx kwkmctamNIx
kh{X {]] {_XXzw ImWWw. `ntbmsS ] CXyp]\njXv
{_m I hnZy A`ykn p a\pjy kzbw Ccpns Hcp IjWw icnv a\nemnbm
]{_ kzcq]\mbn ]{_ kmbqPyw {]m]np av Ccpn ]ZmfpsSbpw tNcph a\nemmw.
p. Cs\ almtZh almmhmb Kmeh\v D]tZ \Jw apdnp In a\nemnbm Fm InI
inv Ah\n ZbtXmn B eo\\mbn `hnp. sfnbpw {Klnmw. cq]w amdnbmepw auenI ]Zm
CXns kzcq]alnasbn tIm tImXpw n\v amantm, ImcWn \nv A`namb Imcyw
tIXmIpw. AdnbmXpw AdnXpamb Fm ImcWcq]w XsbmWv hkvXpX cq]sav IcpXnbm
hn[m\hpw ssIhcpp. AmXamb knm AXv AkXyamWv. Fsm khImcyfpsSbpw
m\hpw IcKXamIpp. Htc Hcp arXv]nWvUw sImv Imcaw Hp Xs. AXv `ntam D`bmItam A.
hrXvJ WvU `nam kIe hkvX pfpsSbpw Fm m\fnepw ImWsSp t_Z{]XoXnp
m\w ssIhcpatm. Imcyw ImcWn \npw ImcWw [ \ncq]W t`Zw am{Xw. AXn\m bYm
A`namWtm. ]{_ m\w sImv kh n ImcWw Hp XsbmWv. AXv cmasXm
hkvXpfpsSbpw m\w kwknamIpp. Im Xcan. NcmNcmamb Cu hnizn\p ImcWw
ipssNX\y kzcq]amb AssZzXw Xs, {_ns
36. GtI\ temlaWn\m \nhmkm\amb icocn ZlZw Fp t]cp
khw temlabw bYm lrZb Krln Iaesap ]dbsSp AXn
hnmXw kymZssYtI\ ZlcmImiw nXnsNpp. apappfmb km[Im
k nZm \k zcq ]\m b B i nhs \ s bm Wv
\Jm\mw Irt\\ N
A\pkm\w sNtXv. inh khZm lrZbn
37. khw ImjvW ymb kwmXw nXnsNp \nhntij cq]n kIen\pw
X Z `nw kz`mhXx kmnbmWv. AXn\m lrZbss inhkzcq
]sav IcpXpI. Cu lrZbw XsbmWv kwkmctamN
ImcWm`n cqt]W
Iambn hnpXv.
Imcy ImcW tah ln
]{_tm]\njv kam]np.
N P

I K
1 ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-an-Zw. ]qmXv ]qp-
Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hhm h
injy-tX.
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]-hpw ]q-
am- W.v Cu ]q {_-n \npw Cu ]q {]]w
Dm-bn. Cu ]q-n \npw ]q-sa-Sp-mepw
]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx
Hm-a-[ymbw
1. AY l ss]wKtem bm-h-evIy-ap-]k - t- aXy
ZzmZ-i-hj-ip-{iq-jm-]qhIw ]c-a-c-lky ssIh-
ey-a -\ p-{_p-l oXn ]{]- . k tlmhmN bm-
hevIyx ktZh tkmtay Za{K Bko-Xv. XnXy
ap-a -h n-{Inbw kXy- m-\ m-\ w ]cn-] qw
k\m-X-\-ta-It- a-hm-Zzn-Xobw {_ Xkvan acp-ip-
n-Im-mWp kv^Sn-ImZu Pe-cu-ly-]p-cp-j-tc-
Jm-Zn-ht- m-lnX ip IrjvW-Kp-W-abo KpW-km-
aym-\nhmNym aqe {]Ir-Xn-cm-ko-Xv. XXv {]Xn-_nw-
_nXw bXv kmn- s sN- X \y amko- X v . km
]p\hn-IrXnw {]m]y ktXzm-{anm hymJym-
h-c -W-in cmko-Xv. XXv {]Xn-_nw-_nXw b
Zoiz-c -ssN-X-\y-a m-ko-Xv. k kzm[o-\-ambx kh
x krjvSn-n-Xn-eb - m-\m-am-Zn-Im PK-Zw-p-
c-cqt]m `h-Xn. kzkvan hneo\w kIew Phm-Zm-
hn`m-hb - -Xn. {]mWn-I-hi - m-tZj ]tSm bZzXv
{]km-cnXx {]mWn-I-b - mXv ]p\kvXn tcm`m-
h-b-Xn. Xkvan-t-hm-Jnew hnizw ktm-NnX ]S-
h-Zz-tX. Cuim-[n-jvTn-Xm-h-c-W-i-ntXm ctPm-
{Znm al-ZzmJym hnt] in-c m-ko-Xv. XXv
{] Xn- _ nw- _ nXw b - n- c - W y- K `- s sN - X \y
amkoXv k al- -Xzm-`n-a m\o kv]jvS m kv] jvS
h]p`-h -X n.
bm-h-evIys ASp-sn ss]wK-e-a-ljn
At-ls ]{p sImw ip{iq-jn--Xn-\p-tijw
Cs\ ]dp: ""`K-hm-s\, F\nv AXyw cl-ky-
amb ssIheyw D]-tZ-inp Xcn-I.'' Atm bm-h-
evIy ]d-p: ""BZy-L--n tIhew kp am{Xta
Dm-bn-cp-p-q. \nXyhpw aphpw Al-m-cnbpw kXyw
m\w B\w Fn-h-bm ]qhpw k\m-X\ - hpw
N P
558
3
GIhpw AZzn-X o-b-h p-a mb {_w AXp-X-s -bm-Wv.
AXn \npw Im\Pew t]msebpw apn-n-n-bn
shn-t]m-sebpw XqWn ]pcp-j-s\-tm-sebpw kv^Sn-
I-n tcJ t]msebpw tim`n-p-, Npapw shfppw
Idppw tN KpW-tZm-j - -tfmSp IqSnb aqe {]Ir-Xn-
bp-m-bn. AXn aqp KpW-fpw Xpey-\n-e-bn-em-bn-cp-
p. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_n-Xp kmn-ssN-X-\y-am-bn. aqe
{]IrXn hopw hnIm-c-bp--am-b-tm AXv kXz-Kp-W-
bp--amb Bh-cW in-bm-bn. AXns\ Ahy--sav
]d-bp-p. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_n-Xv Cuiz-c-ssN-X\ - y-am-
bn-cp-p. Cuiz-c kh-\pw ambsb kzm[o-\-am-n-
b-h\pw krjvSn-n-Xn-e-bm--I-amb Ihyw P\-n\v
\In-b-h\ - p-am-Wv. Atlw Xs-bmWv Dn \nKq-V-
am-bn-cn-p PK-Xv{_-jvSm-hv. Atlw {]mWn-I -fpsS
Im-\p-k-cWw hniz-am-Ip Xnc-oe hym]-cn-nv Pohn-
I-fpsS I--bm-\-cw AXns\ Xntcm `hn-n-p-p.
Cuiz-c-\n A[n-jvTn-X-amb Bh-cW - i-
- n-bn \nv
ctPm-Kp-W-a-bn-bmb hnt-]-in Dm-Ip-p. AXns\
al- s p ]d- b p- p. AXns {]Xn- _ nw- _ s
ssNX\yln-cW - y-K`-sap ]d-bp-p. Cu al--Xzm-`n-
am\n kv]jvSm kv]jvSamb BImcw tN-Xm-W.v
2. lncWy K`m-[n-jvTnX hnt] inx XkvX
tam{Zn-m-lw-Im-cm-`n[m qe-i-n-cm-ko-Xv. XXv
{]Xn-_nw-_nXw b-Zzn-cmSv ssNX-\y-am-ko-X.v kX-
Z- ` n- a m\o kv ] jv S - h ]px kh- q- e - ] m- e tIm
hnjvW p {][m-\-] p-c ptjm `h-X n. Xkva m-Z m- \
BImix kw`q-X x, BIm-i -Zzm-bpx, hmtbm-c - nx,
At-c m]x, AZv`yx, ]rYn-ho, Xm\n ] Xm-
{XmWn {XnKp-Wm\n `h-n. {kpjvSp-Imtam PK-tZym-
\n-kvX -tam-K p-W-a -[n-j vT mb kqva Xm-{XmWn
`qXm\n qen-Ipw tkm Imab-X. krjvtSx
]cn-Jn-Xm\n `qtXm-t\y-I-taIw Zzn[m-hn-[mb ]p\-
- X pm IrXzm kztkz- X c ZznXo- b mwssix
][m kwtbmPy ]o-IrX `qssX-c-\-t- Im-Sn-
{_- m-W vU m\n X ZWvtUm NnX NXpi
`phm-\m\n XZv `ph-t\m-Nn-Xt- Kmf Iqe ico-
cm-Wy-kr-P-Xv. k ]-`q-Xm\mw ctPmwi-X - p[m
IrXzm `mK-{X-bmXv ]-hr-Xym-Iw {]mW-a-kr-
P-Xv. k tXjmw CZy-tK\ It-{nb _ykp-P-
Xv. k tXjw kXzmwiw NXp[m IrXvh m `mK-
{Xb ka- j vSnXw ]-{Inbm hrXym- I ax
IcW akr-PX - v. k tXjmw kz-Xp-cob `mtK\

I mt\-{n-bm-Wy-kr-P-Xv. kz-k-a-jvSnX C{n-
b-]m-e-Im-\-kr-PX - v. Xm\n krjvSm \yWvtU {]mNn-
n-]X - v. XZm-bm ka-jvSyWvUw hym]y Xm\y-
Xn-jvT XZm-b - mlw Imc ka-\zntXm hncmSv
qem- \ y- c - - X v . lnc- W y- K `- k v X - Z m- bm
kqva m-Wy-] m-e-b-Xv.
lncWy K` nX-amb hnt] in-bn \nv
Xtam KpW-bp--amb Al-m-csa qe-in Dm-
Ip- p. AXn {]Xn-_nw-_ n-X-am-bn-p- -XmWv hncmSv
ssNX\yw. AXns A`n-am-\n-kv]j - vSm-Imcw tNXpw
kIe qe PK-n-sbpw c-I\pw {][m\ ]pcp-j-
\p-amb hnjvWp-hm-Ip-p. AXns Bm-hn \npw
BImiw D-hn-p. BIm-i- n \npw hmbphpw hmbp-
hn \nv Anbpw An-bn\nv Pehpw Pe-n
\nv ]rYznbpw Dm-bn. Cu {]] Xm-{X-Ifpw {XnKp-
Wm--I-am-bn. PKXv Imc-W- \mb B hnjvWp-hn\v krjvSn-
p B{K-l-ap-m-b-tm Atlw Xtam-Kp-W-n
A[n-jvTn-X\- m-bn. kqva Xm-{X-Isf qe ]-`q-X-
-fmn amm B{K-ln-p. krjvSn-s - `qX--fn
\nv Hmtcm-ns\bpw cm-bnpw ]ns `qX- -fn Hmtcm-
n-s\bpw cm-bnpw ]ns Ah-bn Hmtcmns\bpw
\mem-bnpw hn`-Pn-p. Atm Hmtcm `qX-n-sbpw
A- `m-K-n A\y-`q- X--fpsS Fm-as Awiw Iqn-
tNv kI-e-Xn-s\bpw ]o-I-cn-p. ]o-Ir-X-amb Cu
`qX--fn \npw A\ tImSn {_mm-WvU--fpsS
krjvSn-bp-m- bn. Ahbvv tbmPn hn[-n ]Xn-mep
`qh-\- krjvSn-p. B `qh-\-p tbmPn qe
ico- c-fpw krjvSn--s-p. ]-`q-X- -fpsS ctPm-Kp- Wmw-
is \membn hn`-Pn-p. aqp `mK--fn \nv ]-
{]m-W--sfbpw krjvSn-p. AXp-t]mse ]-`q-X--fpsS
kXz-Kp-Wmw-is \membn hn`-Pnv Ah-bn aqp `mK-
- fm ]-{In-bm-bp--amb Ax-I- c-Whpw \mem-as
`mK-m mt\-{n-b--sfbpw krjvSn-p. ]t-{n-
b-- fpsS tZh-msc krjvSnv Ahsb {_m-WU v -n
m]n-p-Ibpw ]c-am-m-hns Bm-\p-k-cWw tZh-
m {_m-WU v --fn hym]np \nh-kn-p-Ibpw qe-
P-K- ns\ kwc-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. lnc-Wy-K`s
kqva krjvSnsb kwc-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
3. AWvU-m\n tX\ l\m kv]nXp tNjvSnXpw
hm \ tiIpx Xm\n tNX-\o-Ipw tkmImabX
{_m-WvU -{_--c-{mWn ka-k vX-hr-jvSn-a-kvX-
Im hnZmcy XtZ-hm\p {]mhn-iX
- v. XZm PUm-\y-
]Xn Xm\n tNX-\h- Xv kzImWn N{In-tc. kh-
ttim ambm-tei ka-\ zntXm hyjvSn-tZlw
{]hniy Xbm tamlntXm Poh-Xz-a-Ka- -Xv. ico-c-{Xb
XmZm-ymXv IXrXz t`mr-Xz-Xm-a-Ka - -Xv. Pm{KXv
kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aqm acW I-bptm LSo-
b{ hZp-Zzntm PmtXm arX Ch Ipem-e-N-{I-
\ym-tb\ ]cn{`a-Xo-Xn.
N P
559
lncWy K`-s\-Iq-SmsX {_m-WvU-n nXn- K
sN-p Ahv t\cnb kv]-\-n-t\m tNjvS-Itm
km[y-a-. Atlw Ahsb ssNX-\y-h-m-m-\m-{K-ln-
p-Ibpw kakvX krjvSn-I-fp-sSbpw akvXIw ]nfv
{_m-WU v -nepw {_-c-{--fnepw {]th-in-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atm PU--fm-bn-cp Ah ssNX-\yhpw
Ihpw tN-hc - m-bn. kh-\ - mb Cui ambm-
bp--\mbn krjvSn-tZ-l-n {]th-inp; taml-hi - m
Poh-`m-hs {]m]n-p. ico-c-{Xb XmZm- y-m Ir-
t`m-r-Xz-sf A\p-`-hn-m\pw XpS-n. Pm{KX kz]v\w
kpjp-]vXn. aq acWw Fo [-sf {]m]nv Ah
DZzo--cmbn LSo-b{w t]mse Ipeme NIp-\ym-tb\
P\npw acnpw PK-n Id-p-p.
cm-a- [ymbw
1. AY ss]wKtem bm-h-evIy-ap-hmN kh
temIm\mw krjvSn-n-Xy-I - r-Zzn-`q-coix IYw Poh-
Xz-a-K-a-Zn-Xn. k tlmhmN bm hevIyx kqva-
q- e - I m- c - W - t Z- t lm- Z v ` - h - ] qhIw Poth- i zc
kzcq]w hnhnNy IY-bm-a-hoXn kmh-[m-t\-ss\-Im-
{K- X bm {ipb- X mw. Cuix ]o- I rX alm- ` q-
Xteim\m-Zmb hyjvS n-k-a-j vSym- -I-qe ico-
cmWn bYm- { I- a - a - I - t cm- X v . I]m- e - N m{m
kvX namw-k -\-Jm\n ]rYn hywimx-c --a q-{X-em-em-
tk z- Z m- Z n- I - a w- _ zmwi mx I ma- t {I m- [ m- Z tbm
thymamwimx qXv XrjvtWmjvW taml-ssa-Yp-
\mZymx Aywimx {]Nm-c-tWm-m-cW - -izm-kZ- nImx
hmbvhwimx Ima-t{Im-[m-Ztbm thymawimx GXZv
kwLmXw IWn knXw XzKmZn bpw
_mem-Zy-h-m-`n-am-\m-k v] Zw _lp-tZmjm{ibw
qe-i-cocw `h-Xn.
bm-h-e vI y-t \mSv ss]wKe aljn hopw
tNmZnp: ""Fm temI-ns krjvSn-nX kwlmc
Im- hmb Cuiz-c F-s\-bmWv Poh-`m-Ks {]m]n-
p-Xv?''. bm-he - vIy ]dp: qew kqvaw
ImcWw Fv aqp-hn-[-n-ep ico-c-f - psS D-h-
tm-sSmw Poth-izc kzcq-] - sf hnth-N\w sNbvXv
]dp Xcmw. Cuiz-c ]o-Ir-X-amb alm-`q-X--fpsS
Awi-sa-Spv hyjvSn-bp-sSbpw ka-jvSn-bp-sSbpw qe-i-
co-c- krjvSn-p. Xe-tbm- n, sXmen, IpS-ep-I, An,
amwkw, \Jw Ch-sbmw ]rYzn- bpsS Awifm-W.v cw
aq{Xw Dan-\ocv hnbv apX-em-bh Pemw-i--fm-W.v hni-
v, Zmlw, DjvWw, tamlw, aYp\w Fnh An-bpsS
Awi- -fm-W v. \S-p-I , Fgp-tp-I , Ccn-p-I ,
izmtkm-zmkw sNpI apX-em-bh hmbp-hns Awi--
fm- Wv. Ima-t{Im- [m- Zn- I BIm- imwkfm-Wv. Cs\ Cu
qe-i-cocw Ch-bp-sS-sbmw kwLmXw sImpw I-
sImpw \nn-Xa - m-Wv. Nm-Zn-bp-a - mb Cu

I icocw _meym-h-mZn `mh-\-I-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw At\Iw
tZmj- \nd--Xp-am-Wv.
2. AYm-] -o-IrX alm-`q-X-c -tPmw-i-`m-K-{X-b-k -a-
jvSn-Xx-{]m-W-a -kr-P-Xv. {]mWm-]m\ hymt\m-Zm\
kam\mx {]mW-hr-bx \mK-I q IrI-ct- Z-hZ- -
-[-\R - vPbmx D]-{]mWmx lrZm-k\ - \ - m`nIWvT
khmw-Km\n m\m\n BIm-imZn ctPm-Kp-W-Xp-
cob `mtK\ It-{nb akr-P -Xv. hmIv ]mWn
]mZ- h m- b q- ] - m- X v . hrbx hN- \ m- Z m- \ - K - a \
hnkm-\ - m- k v X - Zv hnjbmx Ghw `qX-k -
Xzmwi`mK-{X-b-k-a -j vSn-tXmxIc-W m-a -kr-P -X v.
Ax Ic- a -a -t \m- _ pn Nn- l w. Imcm- k v X Zv
hrbx im-\n-b kvac-Wm-`n-am-\m-\p-k-m\m
kv X - Z v h n- j bmx Kf-h - Z -\ - \ m-` n- l r- Z - b -{ `q- a [yw
m\w `qX-k Xz Xpco-b-`m-tK\ mt\-{n-b-a-
kr-PXv t{im{X Xz NqPn-lzm-{Lm-Wm-kvXZv hr-
bx i_vZ-kv]i-cq-]c - -k-K-m-kvX-Zzn-jbm ZnKv
h mX m - { ]- t N - t Xmi zn h o- \ v Z - t c m- t ]{
arXypImx Nt{m hnjvWp Xp h{x iw`p
Ic-Wm-[n]mx
]noSv A]-o-Ir-Xa - mb alm`qXfpsS cPmw-i-
ns aqp `mK- -sf-Spv {]mWs\ krjvSn- p.
{]mW A]m-\ hym\ DZm-\ kam-\ Fnh
Apw {]am-W - fpw \mKw, Iqw, IrI-cw, tZh-Z-w,
[\-RvPbw Fnh D]-{]m-W--fp-am-Ip-p. lrZbw apJw
\m`n IWvTw Fo imcocn-Imw-K--sfmw Ah-bpsS
m\--fm- W.v BIm- imZn ]- a-lm- `q-X- -fpsS NXp
`mK-n \npw hmv, ssIbv, Imev, ae-Zzm-cw, D]w
Fo It-{n-b- krjvSn--s-p. hN-\w, Zmlw,
Ka-\w, hnk\w, B\w Fnh bYm-{Iaw Ch-bpsS
hnj-b--fm-Wv. AXp-t]mse alm-`q-X - -fpsS kXzmw-i-
ns aqp `mK--fm Ax-I-cWw krjvSn--s-p.
a\v _pn Nnw Al-mcw Ax-I-cWw Fnh
Ah-bpsS hrn-If - m-Ip-p. k-ev]w, \n-bw, kvac-
W, A`n-am-\w, A\p-k-m\w Fnh Ah-bpsS Imcy-
-fm-Wv. Igp-v, apJw, s]mn, lrZ-bw, ]pcn-I - -
fpsS a[yw Fnh Ah- bpsS m\-am-Wv. kXzm-i-ns
NXp-`mKw sImv sNhn, sXmen, Iv, \mv, aqv
Fo mt\- {n-b - krjv Sn- -s - p. i_vZ w,
kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Fnh Ah-bpsS hnjb
fmWv. Znp-I, hmbp, kqcy, hcp-W, Aizn\o
tZh- m, An, C{, Dt]-{, arXyp, N{,
hnjvWp, {_m-hv, iw`p Fn-h Cu C{n-b--fpsS
A[n-h-m-cm-Ip-p.
3. AYm-m-a-b-{]m-W-a-b-a-t\m-ab hnm-\-a-bm-\-
-abmx ]-tImimx A{\-tk-ss\h `pXzm A{\-
tk\ A`n-hrnw {]m]y A-c-k-a-b-]r-Ynhymw
bZzn-eo-btX tkm-a-b-tIm-iwx XtZh qe ico-
N P
560
cw. It-{n-ssbx kl {]mWmZn ]Iw {]mW- K
a-b-tIm-iwx mt\-{nssbx kl _pnhn-m-
\-ab tImix GXZv tImi-{Xbw enwK icocw kzcq-
]-m-\a - m-\
- a
- b tImix XXv Imc-Wi - c
- ocw AY
mt\ - { nb ] Iw It- { nb ] Iw
{]mWmZn ]Iw hnP-bm-Zn-] - -I-ax IcW NXp-
jvSbw Ima-I-Xa - mw-ky-jv S-]p-cw.
A-a-bw, {]mW-a-bw, hnm-\a - b
- w, B\--abw
Fn-h-bmWv ]-tImi. A ck-m ]pjvSn
{]m]n-p-Xpw ]rYzn-bn hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-amWv
Aab tImiw. AXp Xs-bmWv qeico-cw. It-
{Xnb kln-X-amb Ap hn[-n-ep {]mW--fmWv
{]mW-ab tImiw. mt\-{nb kln-X-amb a\-mWv
at\m-ab tImiw. Cu aqp tImifpw tNp--XmWv
enwK ico-cw. kzcq-] - m-\-amWv B\--ab tImiw.
CXmWv ImcWy ico-cw. C{]-Imcw Av mt\-{n-b-
-fpw Ap It-{n-b-fpw ]-{]m-W-fpw ]`q-
X- fpw \mev Ax- I- c-W-fpw Imaw Iw AhnZy Fn-
hbpw Ds-Sp--XmWv ]pcp-jvSIw Fp ]d-bp-Xv - .
4. Cuim-bm hncmtPm hrjvSn-tZlw {]hn-iy-
_p-n-a-[ njvTm b hniz-Xz-a-Ka- -Xv. hnm-\mm
NnZm-`mtkm hntizm hymh-lm-cntIm Pm{KXv qe
tZlm-`n-am\o I-`q-cnXn N hniz ky \ma `h-
Xn, Cuim-bm kq{Xmm hyjvSn kqva ico-
cw {]hniy a\ A[n-jv T mb ssXP-k-X z-a -K -a-Xv.
ssXPkx {]mXn-`m-k nIx kz]v \ -I -e v ] nX #nXn.
ssXP-k ky \ma `h-X n. Cui- bm amtbm
]m[n-c -h y- -k -a - ntXm hyjvSn ImcW icocw
{]hniy {]m-Xz-a-K-a-Xv. {]mtmhnnx ]mc-
amnIx kpjp-]vXy`n am\oXn {]mPvRky \ma
`hXn Ahy--te-im-m-\m-m-ZnX ]mc-amnI
Pohky XXz-akym Znhm-Iym\n {_-ssW-IX - mw.
PKpt\-Xc tbmhym-h-lm-cnI {]mXn-`m-kn-Itbmx
Ax-Ic - -W-{]-Xn-_nw-_ nX ssNX\yw b-tZ-hm-
h-m-{X-b-`mKv `h-Xn. k Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp-
]vXy-hmx {]m]y LSob {h ZpZzntm PmtXm
arX Ch ntXm `h-Xn.
Cuiz-c-\nt-i-a-\p-k-cnv hyjvSn-bn {]th-in
tijw _pn-bn \nh-kn-p-sImv hncmv hniz-ns
Ah {]m]n-p. hnm-\m-m-hv, NnZm-`m-kw, hnizw
hymh-lm-cn-Iw, Pm{K-Xv, qe tZlm-`n-am\n I `qan
Ch-sbmw hniz- ns AwK--fm- Wv. Cuiz-cs B-
bm kq{Xm-mhv hyjvSn-bpsS kqva-tZ-l-n {]th-
inp a\-ns A[njvTm-\-n ssXP-k-am-bn-op.
ssXPkw {]mXn-`m-knIw kz]v\ Iev]nXw Fn-h-sbmw
ssXP-k-ns \ma--fm-Ip-p. Cuiz-cm--bm amb-
bpsS D]m-[n-bp-a - mb Ahyw hrjvSn-bpsS ImcW
ico-c-n {]th-inv {]m-ambn {]mw Ahn-n-

I w, ]mc-amn-Iw, kpjp-]vXn-bpsS A`n-am\n Fnh
{]m- ns \ma- -f m- W v. ]mc-a mnI Poh
Ahy cq]-n Am-\ - m Bhr-X-am-bn-cn-p-
p. AXv {_-ns Awiw Xs. "Xz-akn' apX-
emb hmIy--fm AXv kn-am-Wv. Fm hymh-lm-
cnIw AYhm {]mXn-`m-kn-I- amb Awiw {_- hp-ambn C-
s\-bp sFIys {]m]n-p-n-. Ax-I-c-W-n
{]Xn-_nw-_n-X-am-bn-cn-p ssNX\yw Xs-bmWv Pm{K-
v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn Fo aqp Ah-Isfbpw
{]m]n-p-Xv ssNX\yw Xs-bm-Wv. Cu aqv Ah--
I {]m]nv LSn-b{w t]mse DW-cp-Ibpw arX {]mb-
am-hp-Ibpw sNp-X - v.
5. AY Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aqm ac-Wm-
Zy-hm ]-`h - -n. X-t-h-Xm-{K-lm-\znssXx
t{im{Xm-Zn-m-t\-{nssbx i_vZm-Zy-hn-j-b- {K-
l-W-m\w Pm{K-Z-hm `h-Xn. X{X `qa[yw
KtXm Pohx B]m-Za - -kvXIw hym]y Irjn-{i-hWm
ZyJn-e-{In-bm-Im `h-Xn. Xv^e - -`pIv N `h-
Xn. temIm- -c -K X; ImPn-X -^ ew k Gh
`pMvt, k kmh-`u-a-hXv hyh-lm-cmXv {imtm-
`h\w {]thjvSpw am-am-{inXy XnjvT-Xn.
Av Ah-I - Ds-v ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Ah
Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, aq, acWw Fn-h-bm-
Wv. t{im{Xw t\{Xw XpS-nb mt\-{n-b- AXm-
Xns tZh-m-cpsS in-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnj-b-sf {Kln-
p Ah-b - mWv Pm{K-v. Atm Poh ]pcn-I-
-fpsS at[y \nh-kn-p-p. Fm Imep apX Xe
hsc kIe ico-c-nepw hym]n- n-cn-p-I bpw Irjn
apX {ihWw hsc AXm-bXv mt\-{n-b--fp-sSbpw
It-{n-b--fp-sSbpw Fm I-fpw sNp-Ibpw
Ah-bpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu I-
-fpsS ^ew Ah\v ]c-tem-Ipw A\p-`-hn-tn hcp-
p-v. Ah Hcp kmh-`u-a-s\-tmse kmwkm-cnI
Imcy- sNbvXp oWnv Dn-ep hn{ia m\-
tp t]mIm B{K-ln-t amw B{i-bnv Ign-
p-I q-Sp-p.
6. I c - t W m- ] - c ta P m{K X v k wk vI m- t c m
{] t_m[hXv {K mly - { Km- l - I - c q- ] - k v ^ p- c Ww
kz]v\mhm `h-Xn. X{X hniz Gh Pm{KXv hyh-
lmc tem]mmUo a[yw Ncw-kvssX-Pk - X- z-a-hym-
]ym-h m-k -\ m-c q-] Iw PKZv sshNn{Xyw kz`mkm
`mk-b btX-]vknXw kzbw `pMvt. NnssI
Ic- W m- k p- j p- ] v X y- h m `h- X n. {`ahn{im
iIp\nx ]u kwlrXy \oUm-` n- a pJw bYm
KXn XYm Pothm ]n Pm{KXv kz]v\ {]]-R-
AtN hyh- l rXy {imtm- m\w {]hniy
kz\w `pMvt.
N P
561
C{n-b- Ah-bpsS I-]c K
- n-]mSn Ah-km-\n-n-
p-tm Pm{K-Z-h--bnse kwkvIm-c--fn {KmKy-{Km-
l-I-cq-]-n-ep-m- Ip kv^pc-W- amWv kz]v\m- h-. B
Ah-b - n hniz-sap t]cp Poh Pm{K-Zh -
- -
bnse hyh-lmcw Cm-Xmn \mUo-a[ - y-n ssXP-k-
`mhw {]m]n-pp. AXv AXns hmk-\m-\p-k-caw A`ym-
k-m hnNn-{X-amb Hcp PKv \nnv tkz-b-\p-
k-cnv AXns\ A\p-`-hn-p kpjp-]vXn-bn Nnw
Xs-bmWv Hcp Imc-Ww. ]n ]dv oWnv Nnd-sI-
m-sam-Xpn Xs Iqn-tev t]mIp--Xp-t]mse Poh
Pm{KXv kz]v\ {]]- fm oWnp Am- \-n
s]v B\-a - -S-bp-p.
7. AI-ka v m-p-ZvKc
- -Z-WvUm-ss{K-kvXmUn XhXv `bm-
m-\ m`ymw C{n-b-k w-L mssXx I\z- n-h -ar-X-
Xpeym aqm `h-Xn. Pm{KXv kz]v\ -kp-jp]vX n
aqOm-h- m-\m-a\ym B {_m-Zn-kX v w-_-]-cyw
kh-Po-h-`-b-{]Zm qe-tZ-l-hn-kP\o ac-W m-
hm `h-Xn. It-{n-bmWn mt\-{n-bmWn
XZv hnj-bm {]mWm kwlrXy Ima-Im-
\znX Ahn-Zym-`q-Xt- h-jn-TntXm Pothm tZlm-cw
{]m]y-tem-Im-cw K-Xn. {]m-^e ]mtI-\m-
hm- - c - I o- S - h Zv hn{imnw ss\h- K - - X n.
kXvI -] -c n-] m-I tXm _lp\mw P\m at
\rWmw tamtm Pmb- t X. XZm kZv Kpcp
am{inXy Nnc- I me tkhbm _ w tamw
InXv {]bm-Xn. Ahn-Nm-c-IrtXm _tm hnNm-
cm tamtm `h-Xn. XkvamXv kZm-hn-Nm-ct- b-Xv
A[ymtcm-]m-] -hm-ZXx kzcq]w \nbo Ipw
iIy-tX. XkvamXv kZm hnNm-ct- b--K-oh ]c-
am-t\m Poh`mK-PK - Zv `mh-_mt[ {]Xy-K-`nw
{_ss-hm-in-jyX CXn.
Dt-in- m L-n hSn-sImtm Nm-sImtm
ASn-tb hyn-sb- tmse `b-mepw Am-\-mepw
BcpsS Fm C{n-b--fp-amtam hnd-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv
A-s\-bp ac-W-Xp-eym-h-b - mWv aq. Pm{KXv
kz]v\ kpjp]vXn aq-Ipw `n-amb Ah--bmWv
WcWw AXns\ IoSw apX {_mhp hsc `b-s-Sp-
p. BtXmsS qe-tZ-l - n\v \miw kw`-hn-p-p.
B L-n It-{n-b- mt\-{n-b- Xm-
{X-I, {]mW Fn-hsb Fmw k-e] v nv Ima-I
ka-\zn-X-amb Poh Ahn-Zy-bm Bth-jvSn-Xa - mbn A\y-
tZ-ls {]m]nv ]c-tem-I-n-tev t]mIp-p. ]qh-
P-m PnX--fmb I-^e - - A\p-`-hn-p--Xn
apgp-In-bn-cn-p-X
- p-sImv AXv Npgn-bn s] IoS-s-
tmse imn tNcp-n-. kXvI--fpsS ]cn-]m-I-
m At\Iw P-ptijw a\p-jy-`m-h\ tam
am-n-tev Xncn- bptm GsX-nepw Hcp Da Kpcp-
hns\ B{i-bnv Nnc-Imew At-ls tkhnv _-

I \-hn-ap-\- mbn tamw {]m]n-p-p. Ahn-Nm-c
- m
_hw kphn-Nm-c-m tamhpw e`n-p-p. AXn-
\m kZm D-a-hn-Nm-c-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-I. A[-bm-
tcm]w A]-hmZw Fn-h-bm kzcq]w \n-bn-m
km[n-pw. Cs\ PKv Poh FnhbpsSbpw
Poh Cuiz-c Fn-h-bp-sSbpw Poh-`m-h-sbpw PKXv
`mh-sbpw \ncm-I-cn-m Xs {]Xy-Km-m-hn \npw
A`n--amb tIh-e-amb {_w am{Xw _mn F \ne-
bn-se- p-p.
aqm-a- [ymbw
1. AY ssl\w ss]w Kex ]{]-b
alm- h m- I y- h n-h - c - W - a - \ p- { _q- l o- X n. ktlm- h mN
bm-h-evIy-kvXX - z-akn Xzw XZkn Xzw {_m-
kylw {_m-kvao-Xy-\p-k-m\w Ipcym-Xv. X{X
]tcm- y- i - _ ex kh Xzm- Z n- e - tWm
amtbm-] m-[ nx kn-Z m-\ etWm PK-t Zym\n
kvXXv]Z- h - mtNym `h-Xn. k Ghmx Ic-Wmkw
`n-t_mt[m kva Xv {]Xym-h-e w-_-\kvXzw ]Z-
hmtNym `h-Xn. ]c-Po-thm-]m-[n-am-bm-hntZy hnlmb
XXzw ]Z-e yw {]Xy-K -`nw {_-X- z-a -k o-
Xylw {_m-kvaoXn hmIym-hn-Nm-cx-{i-hWw
`hXn. GIm- t \ {ih- W m m- \ p- k - m\w
a\\w `h-Xn. {ihW a\\ \nhn-Nn-In-tt
hkvXpt\y IXm-\-h-bm tNXx-m-] \m \nZn-
[ym-k\w `hXn [ymXr-[ym-t\-hn-lmb \nhm-X-kvXn-
X- Z o-] -h ty ssbI tKmNcw Nnw kam-[ n
`-h- Xn.
bmhevIy-t\mSv hopw ss]K-e tNmZnp:
""F\nv alm hmIy--fpsS `mhmw a\-n-em-n--
mepw'', bm-h-evIy ]dp: ""XXz-akn'' AXv \obm-
Wv. "Xzw XZkn' AXv \obm-Wv, "Xzw {_mkn' \o
{_-am-Wv, Alw {_mkvan' Rm {_-am-Wv. Ch-
bmWv B alm-hm-Iy-. Ch-sb-n Nnn-t-X - p-
v. Xz-ako F-Xn "XXv' F ]Zw sImv kh-
-XmZn e-Wb - p-hpw amb-bpsS D]m[n bphpw
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]hpw PK-ns aqe-m-\hpw Ahy-
-hp-amb Cuiz-cs t_m[w e`n-p-p. Ax-I-cW - -
ns D]m-[n-Im-cWw AtX Cuiz-c Xs. `nXm
t_m[-m "Xzw' F ]Zw aptJ-\bpw {]I-Sn-n--s-
Sm-hp--Xm-av. Ch Dt]-n-m "XXv' "Xzw' Fo ]Z--
fpsS Bibw {]Xy-Km-m-hn \npw A`n--amb {_-
am-sWv knn- p-p. C{]-Imcw Xz-akn Alw
{_mkvan Fn-hb - psS hmIym hnNm-c-{i-hWw \S-
p-p. GIm---e - n-cpv Cu alm-hm-Iy--fpsS
Aw Nnn-pI F-XmWv a\-\w. {ihW a\-\-
sImv A-kz-cq] hkvXp-hn GIm-{K-X-tbm-sS
Nnw m]n-p-I-bmWv \nZn-[ym-k-\w. [ymXr-[ym-\`- m-
N P
562
h- ssIhnv tIhew a[y-n-ep Nn hrn Imn-
K
m-n- Ss Zo]w t]mse nc-am-bn-cn-pw. kam[n F
Ah A-s\-bp--Xm-W.v
2. XZm- \ o- a m- - t Km- N cm hrbx kap- nXm
AmXm `hn Xmx kvac-Wm-Z-\p-ao-bt Clm
\mZn kwkmtc kwNnXmx I-t Im-S -t bmt\
ss\h hnebw bmn AtXm`ymk]m- S - h mXv
kl{iix kZm Aar-X - [ mcm hj- n. AtXm
tbmK- h n- amx kam[nw [- t aLw {]mlpx
hmk\m Pmtem \nx tijaap\m {]hn-e m-] ntX
I k- tb, ]pWy- ] mt] kap- tem- q-e ntX
- m--hevIyw {]mIv ]tcm-a - ]n Ic-Xe - m-a-eI
- h
- n-ZzmIy a {]Xn-
_- m-]-t cm- kmmXv Imcw {]kq-btX XZm
Poh-ptm `h-Xn.
B L-n hrn-I Bm-Im-chpw AtKm-N-c-
hp-am-bn-o-cp-p. kvarXn sImp-am-{Xta Ah-sb-n
A\p-am-\n-m km[n-p-I-bp-q. Cu Ah hp
tNm temI-n A\m-Zn-Imew apX k-bn-n-
p tImSm-\-tImSn I- \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-p. AXn-
\p-tijw A`ymk ]mShw t\Sn--gn-m Aar-X- ns
kl-{k-[m-c-I hjn-p {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ip-p. AXp-
sIm-mWv tbmK-a-dn-bp--h kam-[nsb [-ta-L-sav
]d-bp--Xv. C-s\-bp kam-[n-bn kIe hmk-\-Ifpw
\ntjw \in-p-p. ]m]-I-fpw ]pWy-I-fpw
kaqew \jvS-ambn `hn-p-p. Atm Xz-akn F
]Z-ns Bibw Ic-Xew aeIw t]mse \n _m[w
kv]jvS-ambn a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-p. AXns ^e-
ambn {_ kmm-Xvmcw e`np tbmKn Poh-p--\m-
Ip-p.
3. ]o-Ir-Xa - -lm-`q-X-kw-`h I-k-nX qe-
tZlx I-b - mXv kXv I ]cn-]m-ItXm A]-
o-I-c Ww {]m]y kqvt assW Io`qXzm Imc-
W-cq-]X- z-am-kmZy XXv IcWw IqSt {]Xym-Km-
\n hneo-b-t. hniz-ssX-Pk {]mmx kzkz-
]m-[ n-e -bmXv {]Xy- K m- \n eob-t. AWv U w
PvRm\m-n\m ZKv[w ImcssWx kl ]c-am-\n
eo\w `h-Xn. XtXm {_mWx kam-lntXm `qXzm
XXzw ]ssZ-Iy-tah kZm Ipcym-Xv. XtXm taL-
]mtb Awip-am-\nh Bm Bhn`-hX - n.
]Ir-X - -fmb alm `qX--f m \nn-X hpw
knX I- e`n qe ico-chpw _-\-Im-cn-
I-fmb I bnp t]mb-Xp-sImv kXvI
]cn-]mIw sImpw A]-o-Ir-X -ambn kqv a - n
ebnv Imc-Wc- q-]s {]m]n-p-p. ]noSv AXv Imc-
W- n\pw Imc-W-amb IqS--\mb {]Xym-Km- m-hn ebn-
p-p. hnizw ssXPkw {]mw Fn-hbpw D]m-[n-
\m-i-m {]Xy-Km-m-hn ebn-p-p. {_mmWvUw
 563

I AXns\ Imc-W-am-Ip Ahn-Zy-tbm-sSmw m\m-n- 3. C{n-bmWn lbm \mlp K

bn `kvao-Ic
- nv ]c-am-m-hn ebn-p-p. Cs\ gn,bmw kvtXjp tKmN-cm
{_-m\n kam-lnX `mth\ kZm XXv Xzw Fo
PwK-am\n hnam-\m\n
cp ]Z- sf GIo-I-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-W
- w. Cs\
sNbvXm taL- amdp-tm kqcy {]Im-in-p--
lrZ-bm\n a\o-jnWx
Xp-t]mse B kmm-XvImcw e`n-p-p. 4. Bt-{n-ba - -t\m-bpw
t`m-Xym-lp aljbx
5. [ymXzm a[y--am-m\w
XtXm \mcm-bWx kmmXv
Ie-im-c Zo]-hXv
lrZtb kp{]-Xn-jv TnXx
AwKp-jvT-a m-{X-am-m-\
a[p-a-tPymXn cq]Iw bm hevIy-t\mSv ss]wK-e-a-ljn hopw tNmZn-
p. ""PvRm\n-I-fpsS I-fpw Ah-cpsS nXnbpw
6. {]Im-i-b a-w-[ym-tbXv IqS--a-hy-bw- FmWv?'' bm-he - vIy adp-]Sn sImSp-p.
[ym-\-b-mkvtX ap\n-ss-h-Nmkp ]vtXcm artX
kvXp bx 4. apap-p- Aam-\n-XzmZn km[\ k-c - m-Wv. Ah
X-fpsS Ccp-]n Hv Xe-ap-d-Isf XcWw sNn-p-
7. Poh-px k hntbx p. {_s Adnp Ign-m \qn Hv Xe-ap-d-
k [\yx IrX-Ir-Xy-hm Isf Ac IS-p-p. Cu Bm-hm-Ip cYn ico-c-
Poh-p--]Zw Xyzm am-Ip cY- n _pn-bm-Ip kmc-Yn-bm a\-m-Ip
ISn-m ]nSn-nv C{n-b--em-Ip-p. Aiz-sf ]qn
tkztZtl Ime-kmXv IrtX
hnj-b-am-Ip am-n IqSn k-cn-p-p. Fm
hni-Xy-t Z-l -ap-Xzw _pn-ams lrZbw Ch-bn \nsmw AIv hnam-\-
]ht\m kv]-Xm-anh n-s\mw s]mp-p. alm-mfmb aljn-am-cpsS
A`n-{]m-b-{]-Imwc Cu Bmhv C{nbw a\v Fn-h-
8. Ai-_vZk- v]i-a-cq-]a
- -hybw
tbmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p--Xmbn t`mm-hm-bn-o-cp-p. lrZ-
XYm-ckw \nXy-a-K--h-b - Xv b-n kmm `K-hm \mcm-b-W IpSn-sIm-p-p.
A\mZy-\w alXx ]cw {[phw. 5. {]mc_v[ I ]cy-
XtZh injy-Xy-aew \ncm-abw CXn. aln-\ntm-Ih - Xv hyh-lm-cXn
IpS- n-\ -I - n- cn- p hnf- p-t ]mse Dn N{ h-ctX tZlo
nXn-sN-p {]Im-ib - p-\pw IqS-\pw Ahy-b-\p- k ap-m\n tIX\x
amb Bm-hns\ Dd-p kabw hscbpw kZm ka-
6. Xot-iz-]N - t- K-tlhm
bpw [ym\n-p m\nsb Poh-p--s\v a\-n-
em--Ww. Ah [\y-\mWv; IrXr-Iy-\m-Wv. Poh-p-m- X\pw hnlm-b-bmXn
h e`n-X - n-\p-tijw Ah Cu tZlw shSnv hntZ- ssIheyw {]mWm-\-hI - ocy
lm-h-sb {]m]n--Ww. ]ns i_vZk - v]i cq] ck bmXn ssIheyw
K-cl- n-Xhpw Ahy-bhpw \nXy-hp-amb {_w Xs- 7. Xw ]mZv ZnKv_enw Ipcym
bmWv Ah-ti-jn-p--X.v
ZYhm J\\w NtcXv
\mem-a-[ymbw ]pwkx {]{h-P\w t{]mw
1. AY ssl\w ss]wKex ]{]-. bm-hevIyw t\X-cmb IZm-N\
m\n\x Inw I; Im N nXn- c n- X . k 8. \miuNw \mn-Imcyw N
tlmhmN bm-hevIyx Aam-\n-XzmZn ktm \ ]nWvUw t\mZ-I{- Inbm
apapp tcI-hnw-iXn Ipew Xmc-b-Xn. {_-hn
\ IpcymXv ]mh-Wm-Zo\n
amt{XW Ipe-ta-tIm-c iXw Xmc-b-Xn.
{_-`q-Xmb `nth
2. Bm\w cYn\w hnn
9. ZKv[ky Zl\w \mkvXn
icocw cY-ta-hN
]Izky ]N\w bYm
_pnw Xp kmcYnw hnn
m\m-n- ZK- v[-tZ-lky
a\x {]{K-lt- ah N
\ N {imw \ N {Inbm
N P

I ]mv ]pd amp--Xp-t]mse Poh {]mc-_v[-
Iw Ah-km-\n-p-X - p-hsc A\y-tZlw [cn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-p. Fm N{-s\-tmse I--b -n-
tep t]mIp-tm Ah ap-m-cmbn Xocp-p. C-
s\-bp tbmKn Xo-kv\m-\tm NWvUm-e-Kr-l-
ntem shv acnp sIm-s. Ah kZm tamw
{]m]n-p-p. Ahs icocw Imn Dt]-n-p-Itbm
an-\-Sn-bn Ipgn-n-Sp-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm--s. Fmw
Xpey-am-W.v Cu hn[n k\ym-kn-amv am{X-am-Wv, ap--
h-. {_-`q-X\ - mb k\ym-knv iuNtam An-Im-
cytam ]nWvU-{In-btbm DZ-I- {In-btbm Nm{m-b-W-{h-Xtam
Bh-iy-an-. Zln--Xn\v Zl-\hpw ]mIw h-Xn\v ]gp-
n-epw A\m-h-iy-am-Wtm AXp-t]mse m\m-n-
bn Zln tZln-Iv {im I-tfm {Inbm-I-
tfm Bh-iy-an-.
10. bmh-tm-]m[n ]cyw
XmhXv ip{iq-j-tbXv Kpcpw
Kpcp-hXv Kpcp `mcymbmw
XXv ]pt{Xjp N h h-\w.
ip-am-\kx ip Nn{Zq]x kln-jvWpx tkml-
akv a n klnjv W px tkml- a - k v a oXn {]m]v t X
mt\\ hnmt\ ttb ]c-am-\n lrZn
kwntX tZtl e_v[-imn ]Zw KtX XZm
{]_m-a-t\m-_pn iq\yw `h-Xn. Aar-tX\ Xr]vX
ky ]bmkm Inw {]tbm-P\w? Ghw kzmm\w
mXzm thssZx {]tbm-P\w Inw `hXn? m\m-
arX Xr]vXt- bm-Knt\m \ InnXv I-hy-a-kvXn.
XZkvXn tN k XXz-h-anZv `h-Xn. Zqc-tm]n
\ Zqcx ]nWv U hPnXx ]nWv U - t m
{]XymKmm kh-hym]o `h-Xn.
11. lrZbw \new IrXzm Nn-bnXzm ]y\m-abw
Al-tah ]cw kh
anXn ]tiyXv ]cw kpJw
12. bYm Pte Pew n]vXw
otc ocw LrtX LrXw
Ahn-titjm `th--Zz
nhm ]c-am-mt\mx
{]]n-s-Xmb D]m-[nv \miw kw`-hn-p--
Xp-hsc Kpcp-hns\ ip{iq-jn--W w. Kpcp-hns\tmse
Xs Kpcp-]-X\v n-sbbpw Kpcp-]p-{X-m-scbpw Icp-XW
Rm ip-am-\k - -\m-Wv. Rm ip ssNX\y kzcq-]-
\m-W v. Rm kln-j vW p-h m-W v. Rm XsbmWv
klnjvW p Fp mt\m-Z bw Dm-I ptm
m\m-\p-`-h-m tb-amIp ]c-am-mhv lrZ-b-
n icnv Bcq-Va - m-Ip-tm, icocw imn-bp--am-
N P
564
Iptm, km[-I at\m-_p-n-c-ln-X-amb ssNX-\y-ambn
K
`hn-p-p. AarXw IpSnv Xr]vX\ - m-b-h\v ]mep-sImv
Fp {]tbm-P\w? AXp-t]mse B-m\w ssIh-
cn--h\v thZ- sImv {]tbm-P\ - a- n-. m\m-ar-X-
Xr-]X v \
- mb tbmKnv bmsXmcp I-hyhpw Ah-ti-jn-
p-n-. Ah-ti-jn-p-s-n Abm ]q m\n-
b-. Ah Zqsc-bm-sW-nepw kao-]-am-Wv. ]nWvU-n
hkn-mepw ]nWvU-n \npw `n-amb kh-hym-]n-
bmb {]Xym-Km-m-Wv. lrZbw ]cn-ip-a - mn A\m-ab
{_s Nnnv ""Rm Xs-bmWv kh-cq-]a - mb
{_w'' Rm Xs-bmWv ]c-a-kpJ kzcq]w Fv a\-
n-em--Ww. Pe-n Pew tNmepw s\n s\v
tNmepw ]men ]mep tNmepw Ah GI-cq-]-
am-bn-Xo-cpXp-t]mse Pohm--]-c-am-m--fpsS kwtbm-
K-n\p tijw Ah Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw C.
13. tZtl mt\\ Zo]ntX _pnc JWvUm-Imc
cq]m bZm `hXn XZm hnZzm {_-m-\m-n\m
I _w
\n ZtlXv
14. XXx ]hn{Xw ]c-ta-iz-cm-Jym-a-ssZz-Xc
- q]w
hna-emw-_-cm`w
btYm-ZtI tXmb-a-\p-{]-hn-jvSw
XYm cqt]m \ncp-]m-[n-kw-nXx
15. BIm-i-hXv kqva icoc Bm
\ ZriytX hmbpx hZ-c- mm
\ _mly-a-`y-c \njvNe- mm
mt\m-evbm ]iyXn Nm-cmm
16. b{X b{X artXm m\o
tb\ hm tI\ arXyp\m
bYm kh-KXw thyma
X{X X{X ebw KXx
17. LSm-Im-ia
- n-hm-m\w
hnebw thn XXzXx
k KXn \ncm-ew_w
m\m-temIw ka-Xx
m\-m tZlm-`n-am\w \in-p-Ibpw _pn
AJ-WvUm-Im-c-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-tm _pn-am
m\m-n-bm I-_-- `kva-am-p-p. ]ns
- w. Ah hnae hkv{Xw t]mse hnip--\mbn AssZzX
{_s {]m]nv shw ap sh-hp-ambn tNv
A`n--am-Ip--Xp-t]mse kzw kXy-cq-]-n \ne-sIm-
p-p. Bmhv BImiw t]mse kqvahpw hmbp-
t]mse AZr-iyhpw BWv. AXv _mlym-`y-c \n-
ehpw tIh-e-m-\-am-Ip ^ev-bm am{Xw ImWm
 565

I km[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. m\n Fhn-sS-sb-nepw F-s\- a\tkm lyp-\o-`mth K

sb- nepw acn- -s, Ah {_m- hp- ambn tNcp- p. BImiw ssZzXw ss\thm] e`ytX
t]mse {_hpw kh hym]n-bm-Wv. LSmImiw BIm-i-
bZm bmXyp-\o `mh
n tNn-cn- p-- Xp-t]mse Xs bYm XXzw a\-
n-em-p tbmKn Fm `mK-p-\npw \ncm-ew-_hpw kvXZm XXv ]caw ]Zw
m\-kz-cq- ]-hp-amb {_s Ah-ew-_n-p-. p 24. b{X b{X at\m-bmXn
18. Xt]-Zzj kl-{kmWn X{X X{X ]cw ]Zw
GI-]mZ ntXm \cx b{X b{X ]cw {_
GXky [ym\tbm Kky kh{X ka hnXwx
Iemw \mln tjmUinw 25. l\ym-p-jvSn-`n-cm-Imiw
19. CZw m\-anZw tbw p[mx-J-WvUtb pjw
XXv khw mXp-an-Xw \mlw {_tXn Pm\mXn
A]n hj-k-l{- kmbpx Xky apn\ PmbtX
imkv{Xmw \m[n-K
- Xn _s Fs-sX `mh-\b - m; tamw Fs-X-
20. hnt-tbm--cX- - mt{Xm s `mh-\-bm-epw. a\v D\o `mhw {]m]n-p-tm
ssZzX-`mhw \in-p-p. D\o `mh {]m]vXn Xs-bmWv
PohnXw hmNn Neo
]ca ]Z-{]m-]X
v n. B Ah--bn a\v Fhn-sS-bmtWm
hnlmb imkv{X-Pe- m\n hkn-p-Xv AXp Xs ]c-a] - Z- w. Ahn-sSbpw Chn-
bXyw XZp-]m-kyXmw sSbpw nc-am-bn-cn-p-Xv ]c-{_w Xs. Hcp-
BIm-it- p t\mn ssI Npcp-p-Itbm Acn-In-m
21. A\--I iu]N
thn Dan CSn-p-Itbm sNp-Xv shdp-sX-bm-W-tm.
Pt]m b kvXssYh N AXp-t ]mse {_s Adn-bmsX tam- n-\p
Xo-b m-{Xm-`n-K -a\w bXv\w shdp-sX-bm-Wv.
bmh-Xzw \ hnXn 24. b GX Zq] \njZw \nXy-a-[otX tkmn
22. Alw {_tXn \nbXw ]qtXm `h-Xn. k hmbp-]qtXm `h-Xn. k BZnXy
tam tlXp alm-\mw ]qtXm `h-Xn. k {_-]qtXm `h-Xn. k hnjvWp
`qtXm `h-Xn. k cp{Z-]qtXm `h-Xn. k {_ `qtXm
tZz ]tZ _ tammb
`h-Xn. k hnjvWp-]qtXm `h-Xn. k cp{Z ]qtXm
\ ataXn ataXn N `h-Xn. k kthjp Xotjp kvXtXm `h-Xn.
Hm-e n \np-sImv Hcm Bbncw hjw k kthjvT thtZjp A[otXm `h-Xn. k kh-
X]p sNbvXmepw AXv [ym\-tbm-K - ns ]Xn-\m-dn- thZ {hX-N-cymkp NcntXm `h-Xn. tXt\-Xn-lmk
semcwin\pw Xpey-am-In-. Hcm kI-e-m-\-t- ]pcm-Wm\mw cp{ZmWmw iX-k-l-{kmWn P]vXm\n
b- fpw Adn-b -W -s a- m-{ K-l n- m Bbncw hjw ^em\n `hnx {]W-hm-\m-a-bpXw P]vXw `h-Xn.
imkv{Xm-`ymkw sNbvXmepw AXns Ah-km\w ImWm- Zi- ] p-j m Ztim- - c m ]p\m- X n. k ]wn
s\m-n-. AXp-sImv Adn-tb-Xv tIhew GIm-c ]mht\m `h-X n. k aml `h-Xn. {_-l-X ym-
{_w Xs. kXy-sa--XmWv a\pjy PohnXw N-e- kp-c m-] m\ kz-kvt X-b -K p-c p-X -ev]-\ -K -a\ XXv
am-W.v AXn-\m imkv{X--fpsS he-bn s]SmsX kXy- kwtbm-Kn-]m-X-tI`yx ]qtXm `h-Xn. XZzn jvtWmx
am- bn-pXns\ D]m-kn-p- I-bm- Wmhiyw. ]e-Xcw iuNw, ]caw ]Zw kZm ]iyn kqcbx Zohna Np-cm-
P]w, bw, Xo-bm{X apX-em-b-hbpw XXz-{]m-]vXn- XXw XZzn {]mtkm hn]-Xythm PmKr-hmwkx kan-
hsc am{Xta Dq. alm-m--fpsS tam-n-\m-[mcw tX hnjvtWmbXv ]caw ]Zw Hmw kXy-an-Xyp-
""Rm {_- amWv'' F t_m[w am{Xw _-tam- ]-\n-j-Xv.
p ImcWw cp ]Z--fm-Ip-p. Ft-sXpw Fs- Cu D]-\n-jv \nXyhpw hmbn-p--h An,
X-s-pw. hmbp, k qcy, {_m- h v , hnjv W p, cp{Z Fn-
23. ataXn _[ytX Pp\n hsctmse ]cn-ip--\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah kh Xo-
\ntXn hnap-NytX -fnepw kv\m\w sNbvXh - s
- \-tmse Bbn-o-cp-Ibpw
kIe thZ-fpw Adn--h-\m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

N P
 566

I Ah\v thZm-\p-Iq-e--fmb Fm {hX--fp-sSbpw ^ew
Inpw. ]pcm-tW-X n-lm-k -] -T-\- ns ^e-hpw ew
{]mhiyw cp{Z-\maw P]n-m-ep ^ehpw Inp-p. ]Xn-
\m-bncw {]Whw P]n-p ^ew e`np-Xp IqSmsX
Ahs Ign ]v Xe-ap-d-Ifpw hcm t]mIp
]p Xe-ap-d-Ifpw ip-am-Ip-p. Ah-t\m-sSmw Ccn-
p--hcpw ip-cm-Ip-p. Ah alm-m-hm-Ip-Xp
IqSmsX {_-lXy kpcm-]m-\w, kztamjWw Kpcp-
X-e v]-K -a\w XpS-nb alm-] m-] - sNbvX -h-c psS
K
kwkw sImp-m-Ip ]m]-n\npw hnap--
\m-Ip-p. Ip-If - n BImiw apgp-h ImW-s-Sp--
Xp-t]mse B m\n hnjvWp ]mZ-sf kv]jvS-ambn
ImWp-p. Ah PmKr-X\ - mbn hnjvWp ]Zw kvXpXnv
AXns\ {]`-a-b-am-p-p. Cu D]-\n-jv kXy-kz-cq-]-
am-Ip-p.
ss]wK-tem-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 ]c- a - l w- t km- ] - \ n- j v 3

imn-]mTw A[n-I-an-. ]c-a-lw-k-cmb k\ym-kn-am Htm ctm

Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]q-
ap-Z-N ytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-h m-
hinjytX. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
CXv (]-c-{_-w) ]q-am-Ip-p. CXv (Cu Zriy-P-K-
v) ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-n \npw ]qap-m-Ip- \q IpSp-a-th-Z-]T - \w ]e-X-c-n-ep ss\jvTnIm-Nm-c-
p. ]qn \nv ]qw FSp-epw ]qw Xs Ch-sbmw Dt]-nv Iu]o\w Zw ]pXv
Ah-ti-jn-p- p.
lcn Hmw AY tbmKn\mw ]c- a-l w-k m\mw
tImbw amm kvtXjmw Im nXn-cnXn \mctZm
`K-h--ap-t]-tXym-hm-N. Xw `K-hm-\m-l, tbmbw ]c-
a- l w-k - a mtm temtIjp Zpe- ` - X tcm \ Xp
_mlpteym btZytIm `hXn k Gh \nXy
]qXx k Gh thZ ]pcpj CXn hnZptjm
a\yt alm-]p-cptjm bnw XXv khZm at-
hm-h-Xn-jvTtX Xkvam-Zlw N Xkvan-t-hm-h-o-
btX Aku kzan- { X- I - f - { X- _ - zm- Z o inJm
btm-] -aotX kzm[ymbw N kh IamWn
kw\y-kymbw {_mw N lnXzm-Iu-]o\w Z-
am-m-Z\ N kzi-co-c-t`m-Kmmb N temI-tkym-
]-Im-cmmb N ]cn {Ktl-Xv. X\ aptJym f
kvXn tImbw apJy CXn tNZbw apJyx
\mcZ aljn {_m-hns ASp-sn ]dp:
tbmKn-am-cn ]c-a-lwk Zo kzoI-cn-n-p--hs amw Ztam inJtbm btm]-ho-Xtam GsX-nepw Xcw
FmWv? Ahs nXn s#mWv? CXp tIv `K-hm
{_mhv ]dp: ]c-a-lw-k-amw temI-n hfsc
Zpe-`-am-W,v ITn-\-hp-am- W.v AXp-sImv Ah kwJy-bn
am{Xta ImWp-Ib - p-q. Ah AXyw ]cn-ip--cm-Wv.
Ah Xs-bmWv thZ ]pcp-j-m. CXv hnZzXv k-X- am-
Wv. C- s\- bp alm-]p- cp- j- m-cpsS Nnw kZm Fn
Xs ebn-n-cn-p-p. Rm Ah-cnepw nXn sNp-p.
k\ymkw kzoI-cn-h - ]p{X- an-{X-I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw ]q-Wp-
Fnh am{Xw ico-c- c-p thnbpw [cn-p- p. AXpw
{][m-\-a-. Atm apJy-amb Zo FmWv?
2. \ Zw \ inJmw \ btm-]-hoXw \Nm
m-Z\w NcXn ]c-a-lwtkm \ ioXw \ tNmjvWw
\ kpJw \ ZpxJw \ am\m-h-amt\ \ jUqan-
hPm \nm Kh- a- -c - Z w- ` -Z tm tZzj- k p-
JZpxJIm-a-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-l-l jm-kq-b m-l- m-cm-
Zow lnXzm kzh]px IpW-]-anh ZriytX bX-
kv X - Z z- ] p- c - ] - [ zkv X w kwi- b - h n- ] - c otX anYym
m\m\mw tbm tlXp-k vtX\ \nXy-\ nhr
kvX n-X y-t_m-[ -k vXXv kzb-ta-h m-h -n-XnkvX w
im-a-e-a-Zz-bm-\ hnm \L\ Ghm-kvan-X-tZh
a ]c-a-[ma XtZh inJmN XtZ-thm-]-hoXw N ]c-
am--t\m-tc-I-Xz-m-t\\ Xtbmt`Z Gh hn`x
km kym
]c-a-lw-ks apJy Zo-sb-n ]d-bmw. Ah
hkv{Xtam kqn-m ]m-Sn. iotXm-jW v -kp-JZpxJam-
\m-ha- m-\m-Zn-I ssIhn-Sp--h-\m-IWw \n, Khw, a-
cw, Zw`w, Zw, C, tZzjw, kpJw, ZpxJw, Imaw, t{Im[w,

N P
 567

I tem`w, tamlw, ljw, Akq-b, Al-m-cw Fn-h-bp- bkvamZv `npln-cWyw ctk\ Zrw N k{_ K
ambn Ah-s\mcp _hpw ]mSn-. Ah kzi-co-cs alm `th- Z y- k v a mXv `npln- c Wyw ctk\
ihw t]mse Icp-Xpw. Ah\v kwi-btam anYym-m-\tam kv] rw tNXkx ]utkm `thZy kv a mXv
C. kXy-m-\-kz-cq-]\ - m-W-h. {]]--nse Hcp `npln-cWyw ctk\ {Kmlyw N k Blm
hkvXp-hn-s\bpw B{i-bn-msX Ah B-kz-cq-]- `th--kvamZv `np lncWyw ctk\ \ Zrw
n nXn sNp-p. Ah im\pw AN--e\pw N kv]rw N \ {Kmlyw N kth Imam at\m
AZz-bm-\ -\pw hnm\L-\ -k z-cq-]-\p-am-Ip-p. Cu KXm hymht ZpxtJt\m- Z znx kptJ\
kzcq]w Xs-bmWv Fs ]c-a- [m- ahpw inJbpw btm- kv]rlm-XymtKm cmtK kh{X ip`m-ip-`t - bm-c-`n-
]-ho-Xhpw Fmw. Ah kI-eXpw kam\ Zrn-tbmsS kvt \tlm \ tZzn \ tamZw Nkth- jm-an-{n-
hon-p-p. bmWmw KXn-cq-]-c-atX b B-t\y-hm-h-o-btX
bXv ]qm-\-ss-I-t_m-[-k vXZv {_ss-hm-l-a-
3. khm Imam ]cn-XyPy AssZztX ]c-a-
kvaoXn IrX-IrtXym `hXn IrX-IrtXym `h-Xn.
nXn m\-Zm ZrtXm tb\ GI-Zo k
DNytX ImjvW -Ztm ZrtXm tb\ khm-i o- Cu Acw {Kln- -h \v Znp-I Xs-b mWv
m-\-hPnXx XnXn-m-m\ sshcm-Ky-i -amZn hkv{Xw. \a-kI v mcw kzw Zn\-Ncy {]IrXn \n-kXv pXn
KpW-hPnXx `nm-am-t{XW tbm PothXv k]m]o CsXmpw Ah IW-m-p-n-. tkz-t]mse k-
bXn hrnlm k bmXn \c-Im tLmcm alm- cn-p `np-hm-Ip-p. Bhm-l-\-hn-kP\ a{-Zn-I-sfm-
cu-c -h-k w-P -\ n-Xm. p-an-. hn`n--k-am\ kXy-kh-`m-hm-Zn-I kzoI-cn-n-
. Xma-kn-m \nn-X-Kr-l-an-. _pn kpn-c-am-bn-cn-
]c-a-l w- k-\mb kw\ymkn Fm B{K-lfpw
pw. Ahv kzm-Zn-I Bh-i y-an-. bmsXmcp
shSnv AssZz-X-amb ]c-{_--kz-cq-] - n nXn
hkvXphpw Ah\v BIj-I-ambn tXmn-. Ah\v Hp
sNp-p. m\-Z--[-c-\m-b-Xn-\m Abmsf Zn
{]Xn-_--a-. ]c-a-lw-k-\m-bn-o tijw Ah
Fv ]d-bp-p. Fm acw-sImph-Sn-bp-ambn kI-
kz-am-{K-ln-m {_-l-Xyp Xpey-amb ]m]-n-\-
e-hn[ Bi-Ifpw a\-n tNv PmRm-\-tat\y a
[n-Im-cn-bmIpw kz-n sImXn-bp `np Nmf
m\w sshcmKyw Cu KpW-sam- p-an-msX `n-sImp
Xpey-\m-W.v Ah Bm-Lm-Xn-bm-W.v ]c-a-lw-k [\w
Pohn-m-\p-t-inp \S-p ]m]n k\ymk [s
sXmSpI t]mepw Acp-Xv. C{]- Im- c- ap k\ym-kn- bpsS at\m-
hy`n-N-cn-n-p-p. C-s\-bp k\ym-kn-\m-a-[m-cn-bmb
`n-em-j--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-p. Ah\v ZpxJn `b-
]m]n tLmc-amb cuch \c-I-n hogp-p.
an-. kpJ-n Xmev]-cy-an-. cmKw shSnv ip`m-ip-[-
4. CZ-a - cw mXzm k ]c- a-l wk Bimw Nn--bn-msX BtcmSpw tZzjw ]pemsX Bcp-ambpw
_tcm \ \a-kvImtcm \ kzm[m-Itcm \ \nm \ AXn-kvt\lw hln-msX Ign-bp-p. Ah Ahs
kv X nXnbm- Zr- ntIm `thZv `npx \mhm-l \w Bm-hn Xs nXn sN-Ww. Xm ]qW-A-Wm-\-
\hnP\w \ a{w \ [ym\w t\mhm-k\w \N -kz-cq-]-\m-sWp AZzn-Xob {_-am-I-W-sapw Ah
eyw \m eyw \ ]rYMv \m]yY Krlw \\Xzw Icp-Xp-p. AXp- sImv Ah IrX-Ir-Xy- \mbn Ign-bp-p.
\khw Nm\n-tI-X-n-Xn-tch `npx kuhm- Ah XnIpw IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn Pohn-p-p.
Zo\mw ss\h ]cn-{K-tlW temIw \mh-temIw N
]c-a-lw-tkm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
_m[Ix Ix CXn tNZv _m[tIm f kv t Xyh

1 ]c- a - lw- k - ] - c n- {hm- P - tIm- ] - \n- j v

3
imn-]mTw k-kvX -\p-`nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx kzkv Xn
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw \ Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hniz-
]tiy-am--`n-cy-P{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXp-p-hmw- thZmx kzkv X n \kv X mtym Acn- - t \anx

N P

I kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R ImXp- I sImv awKfw tIp-
am-dm-I-tW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImW-tW. kpZr-V-
-fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c-mepw \nsf kvXpXnp
sImp tZh- m Rv \n- bn- n-p Bbpp apgp- Wm-{Xbw aaX Al-mcw Ch On ]Zm-sa-tm-
h\pw A\p-`-hn-s. alm-b-i-kzn-bmb C{ Rv
awKfw \I-tW. kh-\mb ]qjm tZh R
p awKfw \I-tW. ti \nhm-c-I\ - mb Kcp-U
Rv awKfw \I-tW. _rl-k] v -Xnbpw Rv
awK-f-a -cp-f-tW.
1. AY ]nXm- alx kz]n-X -c -am- Zn-\ m-c m-b -W -ap-] -
taXy {]Way ]{]---_-K-h, XzpJm Zzm-{i-
a-[-{Iaw khw {ipXw hnZn-Xa - -h-KXw CZm\ow
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-I-e
- Ww thZnXp anm-an. Ix
]cn-{h-P-\m-[n-Imco? IoZriw ]cn-{hm-PI e-Ww.
Ix ]c-a-lwkx? ]cn-{h-P-IXzw IYw? XXv khw
ta {_qloXn k tlmhmN `K-hm-\mZn \mcm-bWx
A\-cw ]nXm-a-l kz]n-Xm-hmb BZn-\m-cm-Ws\
kao-]nv \a-kIv c
- nv tNmZn-p. `K-hm-s\, A-bpsS apJ-
n \nv hm-{i-a-[-{I-a-samw tIv a\-n-em-n. {]mW A-bpsS Imc- W- cq-]-am- Wv. AXn {]th- in-pI
Ctm ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-PI eWw tIm-\m-{K-ln-
p-p. ]cn-{h-P-\m-[n-Imcn BcmWv? ]cn-{h-P-I-e--W-
sav? BcmWv ]c-a-lwk ]cn-{hm- P-I AXns Ah
Fs\ AsXmw ]d-bpI AXp tIv BZn-\m-cm-W ]d-
p.
2. kZvKp-c p-k-aot] kIem hnZym-]-cn-{i-atm
`qXzm hnZzm kh-ssa-ln-Im-ap-jvanI kpJ-{iaw
mXzm GjWm {Xb-h m- k -\ m-{Xb aa-X zmlw
Imcm- Z nIw ha- \ m- - a nh tlb-a - [ n-K ay tam-
amss-I-km-[t\m {_-Ncyw kam]y Krlo-`-th-
Xv, Krlm-Zm-\o-`qXzm {]{h-tP-Xv. bZn thX-cYm {_-
N-cym-tZh {]{h-tPXv KrlmZzm h\mZzm AY ]p\-
c-{hX hm {hXohm f kv\mXtIm hm kv\mXtIm
hm D-m-n-c\ ntIm hm bZ-l-tch hncm-P-
- Z- l - tch {]{h-t P- ZnXn _pzm kh-k w- k m-
tcjp hnctm {_-Nmco Krlo hm\-{]tm
hm ]nXcw amXcw If-{X-]p-{X-am-] vX -_-p-hw
XZ-`m-th-injyw kl-hm-kn\w hm A\p-tam-Z-bnXzm
XZv ss[ytI-{]m-Pm-]-Xym-ta-thnw Iph-n, XZp
X Y m \ Ipc ym- X v. B t bm tah Ipc ymX v
Anln {]mWm {]mW- t a- s sh- X bm ItcmXn
ss{X[m-X -ho-b -tah IpcymXv GX-s sbh {Xtbm
[mXthm bZq-X -k Xzw cP-k vX a CXn Abw tX
tbm\n EXzn-tPm-btXm PmtXm Atcm-N Ymx Xw
Pm\- Btcm-lm[m t\m h[bm cbnw CXy
t\\ at{-W m- n- am- P n- t{LXv Gjhm At
N P
568
tbm\nbx {]mWw Kkzmw tbm\nw Kkzm tl K
tltXyh ssa ssh XZml
kZvKp-cp-hns kao]w kI-e-hn-Zym-]-cn-{i-a--\mbn
`hnv ]n-\m-bn-o hyn Cl-tem-Is - bpw ]c-
tem-I-sbpw {ia-I-c-sap IcpXn hmk-\m-{Xbw Gj-
Ww \nys- ap IcpXn tam- n\v GI- km- [-\-amb {_-
N-cys Ah-km-\n-nv Krl-m-{i-a - n {]th-in--
Ww. B B{iaw ]qn-bm-n-b-Xn\p tijw hm\-{]w
kzmIn-c--Ww. As-n ap hn[-nepw hm\-{]--
n \ntm {_-N-cy-n \ntm k\ymkw kzoI-cn-
mw. {hXw A\p-jT v n-p--ht\m Am--ht\m kv\mX-
It\m Akv\m-X-It\m An tlm{Xntbm An-tlm-{Xn-b-
m- -ht\m sshcmKyw tXmp ]w k\ymkw kzoI-
cn-mw. {]]--hn-c--\mbn A, A, ]p{X, `mcy.
_p- Fn-h- tcmtSm Ah-cn-s-n IqsS hn- cn-p-
-h-tcmtSm injy-m-tcmtSm kXw hm-Ww. \nXy-ss\-
ann bm-Zn-I-sfm-p-am-h-iy-an-. tIhew Btbn
am{Xw sN-Ww. An Xs {]mW An {]mWs
Im-hmWv F a{-m A\p-jvTm\w \nh-ln--
Ww. kXz-c-P-kvX- a-kp- aqp [mXp- -fm-Wv. At, Cu
F Aw hcp \nn- -a -{ - m BlpXn
sNmw.
3. {KmamXv t{im{Xn-bm-Km-cmXv An-am-lrXy kzhn-
[yp {ItaW ]qh-h - Zn amPn- t{LXv bZvy -
Xptcm hmnw \ hnt-Z]vkp Pplq-bmXv Bt]m
ssh khmx tZhXmx khm-t `ym-tZ-h -X mt`ym
Pptlman kzmtlXn lptXzm-Zr-X y-{]m-i v\ o-b mXv
kmPyw lhn-c -\ m- abw Gj hn[n hocm- [ zt\
hm\m-i tI \m kw{]-thti hmn-{]-thti hm
alm-{]-mt\ hm, b ZymXpcx kzma-\km hmNm
hm k\y-tk-tZj ]cx
{Kma-n An-tlm{Xw sNp--h-cpsS Krl- n
\npw An-sImp hv apI-fn kqNn-n hn[w
Ansb {LmWn--Ww. tcmKw hm[n-p-Itbm An
InmsX hcn-Itbm sNbvXm Pe-n tlma-Iw \S-
mw. kh-tZ-h-cq- ]-amWv Pew. CXn Fm tZh- mpw
thn lh\w sNp-p. Fw hcp \nn
a{w hn[n-{]-Imcw lh\w sNbvXv s\v tN lhnv
`n--Ww. CXv hoc-am hn[n-bm-Wv. A\-i\w kw{]-
th-i\w As-n alm-{]-m\w Chp thn-bm-W-
Xv. tcmKn-bm-sW-n a\p sImtm hmp sImtm
am{Xw k\ym-kh - n[n A\p-jvTn-m aXn.
4. kz {Ita-ssWh tNZm {iw hncmPm
tlmaw IrXzm An- a m- - \ y- t cm]y euInI
sshZnI kmayw kz NXpZ-iI - -cW {]hrnw
 569

I N ]pt{X kam-]-tcm-]nX `mth intjyhx XZ `mth K-a-\-tatI `nmw lcn-Xy-Py-{Xn-Im-e-kv\m-\-am-N-c K

kz-t\yh hm {_m Xzw b-kvXz-anXn A`n- thZm- - { i- h - W - ] q hIw {]W - h m- \ p- j vTm\w
a{yw {_ `mh-\ bm [ym-km-ay{io {]thi Iph {_-amt kayIv k kzm`n-a-X-am-
]qh-I -a]vk p kh-h n-Zym kzcq]mw {_- -\ n-tlm-]-b nXzm \ntam A[ym- \n \njvT
Wym-[mcw thZ-am-Xcw {Iam-Xvhym-lr-XnjvT {XnjvT Ima-t{Xm-[-tem-`a - -Z-am-cy Zw`-Zm-l-m-c-k qbm
{]hn-em-]y-hym-lrXn {Xb-a-I m-tcm-Imc aIm-tcjvT Kthm tZzj-l jm- aj-a -a -X zm-Zow lnXzm
{]hn-tem-] y-X --h -[ m-t\-\ m]x {]miy {]W-th\ m\-ssh-cm-Ky-bptm hn-kv{Xo-]-cmMv apJx
inJm arXvI r-jy-b-tm-] -hoXw OnXzm hkv{X- ip-am-\kx kthm-]-\n-j-Z-am-temNy {_-
a]n `qau hm A]vkp hm hnkrPy Hmw `qx kzmlm N- c y-] -c n-{K- l -a -l nwkm kXyw btcm\ c- I
Hmw `phx kzmMm Hmw kphx kzmtM-Xy-t\\ PmX- PntX-{ntbm _ln-cx kvt\l-hPntXm ico-c-
cq-] -[tcm `qXzm kzw cq]w [ymb ]px ]rYIv k-m-c-Wmw hm{Znjp htjp A`n-i-]vX-
{]Wh hymlrXn ]qhIw a\km hN- k m]n ]-X nX hPn-tXjp ]iq-c -t{Zmln ssZ-amtWm
kw\rkvXw atbXn a{-a[y Xmc-[z\n kv{Xnhm-c- {_-`q-bmb `hXn kthjp Imtejp em`m-em-
X{Xn KpWo-IrX t{]tjm-m-cWw IrXzm {]W-ssh- t`-k -a\ IrXzm-I-c-] m-{X-am-[q-I-tcWw \m aiv\
I-[ym\ ]cm bWx k-`bw kh-`q-tX-t`ym-ax tatZm-h r- n-I - a- I ph Irio-` qXzm {_m-l -a -
kzmtl- X yp[z- _ m-l p`qXzm {_m-l -a- k v ] nXn kvaoXn `mh-b Kphw {Kma- ap-t]Xy {[ph
Xp- a- k ymZn hmIym kzcq-] m- \ p-k - m\w iotemu amtky-ImIn Ntc-Zzmth hmN-tcXv I.
Iph-p-ZoNnw Zniw-K-tXv PmX-cq-]-[-c--tcXv Gj
{Kl- A[n-I m-c n- b - m- -] w kI-e -` q- X -
kw\ymkx
pw A`bw \In ktJm Fs _ew cn-p-I.
kz- Nn--\mbn Ah th-hn[w B- {im- hpw \o arX-l-m-hmb C{s h{P-am-Wv. \o F\nv imn
hocPmtlmahpw \S--Ww. Ansb Bm-hn-em-tcm- ]nv Zmb-I-\m-Ip-I. Fs kh-]m-] - -fn \npw hnap--
Xs Ign-hp-Ifpw ]Xn-mev IcW {]hr-n-Ifpw ]p{X- \m-pI Fw hcp a{w P]nv tZmj-a apf-hS- n,
\n Btcm-]n--Ww. ]p{X-\n-s-n injy-\ntem injy- ISn-kq-{Xw, Iu]o-\w, Ia--ep, Hcp Imjm-b-hkv{Xw Ch
\n-s-n Xs Bm-hntem Btcm-]n--Ww. ]ns tNv kZvKp-cp-hns\ \a-kvIc - nv XXz-akn F alm-
{_mXzw Fp XpS-nb a{w sNmn {]mnv kmhn- Imhyw {]W-h-k-lnXw kzmI-cn--Ww. ]ns ac-hp-cntbm
{Xn-bn {]th-in--Ww. thZ-am-Xm-hns\ aqp hymlr-Xn- amtXmtem [cnv Pem-h-X-cWw apI-fn-tev Ib- dp- I. Htc
I- fn ebn-nv Pe- ]m\w sNmw. {]W-thm- m- c-W- tmsS Krl- n \np Xs `n kzoI-cn- p-I. Ch ssIhnp
inJ-sbbpw ]qWp-en-s\bpw tOZn--Ww. hkv{X- `qan- aqp t\chpw Ipfnv thZm-[ym-b-\hpw {hXm-\p-jT v m-\hpw
bntem Pe-ntem \nt- ]nv Hmw kzmlm `qx kzmlm F ssIsm--Ww. B- \n-m- ]- c-\mbn Ima- t{Im-[- \nb-
a{-m \-\mbn kzcq-]-[ym\w sNbvXv {]tXyIw {n--Ww. Akq-b, Khw, tZzjw, Aajw Fnh Dt]-
{]mW-s\bpw hymlr-Xn-tbmSp IqSn a\\w sNbvXv a\-p- n--Ww. Iman-\o-Im-\ ]cmMv apJ-\m-I-Ww, D]-\n-j-
sImpw hmp sImpw aqp XhW Rm k\ymkw Zw a\\w sN-Ww. {_-Ncyw A]-cn-{K-lw, Alnw-
kzoI-cn-p. Fp ]Xps ]dp. {]Wh [ym\w sNbvXv k, kXyw Cbn {i sNep--Ww. ico-c-c--Wmw
kI-e-`q-X-pw A`bw \In Du[z _mlp-hmbn \nn-Xcpw ]Xn-X-cp-amb hyn-I-sfm-gnv {Xnh--en
Rm {_-am-Wv. AXp-\o-bm-W.v Fo alm-hm-Iy--fps# s] hyn-If - n \npw arK- t`Z-`mKw IqSmsX
(Alw {_m-kvan, XXz-a-kn) Aw Nnnv hS-p-Zn- Blmcw kzoI-cn-p--Xp-t]mse `n kzoI-cn-mw. em`
p-t\mn \S--Ww. ip kzcq-]-n k-cn--Ww. \-M-M Xpey-ambn Icp-X-Ww. `nm-hr-nbpw Aev]m-
CXmWv k\ym-kw. lm-chpw F \ne-bn Ign-b-Ww. Fp-amkw {Kma--fn
`nm-S\w sNbvXv GIm-In-bmbn k-cn--Ww.
5. A[n-Imcn \ `th-ZyZn Krl {]m\m
]qh- I - a - ` bw kh- ` q- t Xt`ymx ax khw 6. bZmew _pn `th- -Z m- I p-S o- ] tImw hm
{]htX kJm am tKm]m-buP kJm tbmko- _lq-ZtIm hmlwtkm hm ]c-a-lwtkm hm X-
{ky ht{Pmkn hm{XLv\w i ta`h bXv -{-]qhIw ISn kq{Xw Iu]o\w Zw Ia-
]m]w Xn hmc tbXy-t \\ at{W {]Wh epw kh-a]vky hnkr-PvamYm PmX-cq-]-[-c-t-
]qhIw k eWw sshWhw Zw IpSn tcXv {]mssa-I -c m{Xw Xot-{Xn-c m{Xw ]t\
kq{Xw Iu]o\w Ia-epw hnh-h-kv{X-taIx ]-c m{Xw tt{X-k-]vXcm {Xa-\n-tIXx nc-a-
]cn-Krly kZv Kpcp-ap-]-K-ay-\Xzw Kpcp-ap-Jm--Xz- Xn-c-n-tkhn \nhn-Imtcm am`m-em-`\ ka\ IrXzm
h-koXn alm-hmIyw {]W-h-]qh-I-aq-] -e`y AY tKmhrXym ss`y-am-N-c-\p-Z-I-e Ia- -e q-c-
Po-h-ev-em-Pn\w [rXzmY Pem-h-X-cW aq[z- _m-[-I-c-l-ky--e-hmtkm \ ]p\ em`x ip`m-

N P
 570

I ip-`-I-\naq-e-\-]cx kh{X `qXe ib\x ]vXymZn \me-h- -I Xpco-b-n Xpco-bm-Zn-\m-eh-

-
K-
uc-I -] -c n-X y-tm-bp NmXpm-k y-{hX I Pm{K-Z-h- -bn hnizw \mep hn[-am-W.v hniz-ssX-P-
\nb-a-ip--[ym\ ]cm-btWm Akv{Xo ]pcpj kw, hniz-{]mw hniz-Xp-cobw hniz-hnizw kz]v\m-h--
]cm-MvapJx A\p--tm-]y---h-Zm-N-cW hy- bn ssXPkw \mep hn[w. ssXP-k-hn-izw, ssXP-k-ssX-
enw-tKm-] y- m-N mtcm Znhm-\ - -k-a-tXz-\m-kz]v\ x Pkw ssXP-k-{]mw ssXP-k-Xp-co-bw. kpjp-]X v n-bn
kzcq-]m-\p-k-m\ {_-{hW h[ym-\ -amt-Wm- {]mw \mep-hn[w {]m-hnizw {]m-{]mw
h-lnXw kw\ym-tk\ tZl-X ymKw ItcmXn ]c-a- {]m-Xp-cobw \mep-hn[w Xpco-b-hnizw Xpco-b-ssX-Pkw
lwk ]cn-{hm-PtIm `hXn Xpco-b-{]mw Xpco-b-Xp-cobw Cu {Ia-a-\p-k-cnv {_-
{]-Whw ]Xn-a-\mdp am{X-bn Bcq-V-am-bn-cn-p-p.
m\ e_v[n- p-tijw ISn kq{Xw Iu]o\w Zw
Ia-ep Fn-h-sbmw sh-n Fdn-mWv IpSn- 6. BImtc Pm{K-Zzniz DImtc Pm{K-s sX-Ptkm
N-I\- m-bn, _lq-Z-I-\m-bn, lwk-\m-bn, ]c-a-lw-k-\m-bn, aImtc Pm{KXv {]m A-am-{Xbmw Pm{K-p-
ZnKw- _- c-\mbn k-cn--Ww. {Kma-n Hcp cm{Xn, Xo- cotbm _ n u k z] v \ - h ntizm \ mtZ k z] v \
n aqp cm{Xn, \K-c-n Ap cm{Xn, t- {X-n ssXPkx Iembmw kz]v\ {]m Iem-X otX
Ggp cm{Xn, Cu {Ia- n\v Xma-kn-mw. Krl-an-msX nc- kz]v\ -X p-\ obx imu kpjp-] vX -h nizx imy
Nn--\mbn An-tlm{Xw sNbvXv \nhn-Im-c-\mbn \nb-a- XotX kpjp]vXm ssXPkx D\ymw kpjp]vX
\n-ba ]c-Xym-Kn-bmbn em`m-em-`-Nn IqSmsX {]mW-c- - {]mtm at\m-\ymw kpjp]vX Xpcobx Xpco-
W-n \nv tKmhr-Xym-`n-m-S\w sN-Ww. GIm bmbmw Xpcob hntizm aZy-ambmw Xpcob sXPkx
m\v Xma-kn--Ww. shdpw \nev InS--Ww. uc- ]iyymw Xpcob {]mx ]cmbmw Xpcob
Iw shSn- b-Ww. NmXpamky \nb-a--sebpw {hX-- Xpcobx Pm{K am{X NXpb aIm-cmwiw kz]v\-
sfbpw ssIhn tIh-e-km-X zn-I-[ym-\] - -cm-b-W-\m-IWw am{X NXp--b-]p-Im-cmwiw kpjp]vXn am{Xm NXp-
[\w kv{Xo ]p{X Ch-sc-n Nnn--cp-Xv. m\w e`n- bw aIm-c mwiw XrXo-b -am{Xm NXp- -h -am-
mepw D--s\-tmse s]cp-am-d-Ww. Zn\-cm-{X- Xpey- {Xmwiw Ab-tah {_-{]-Whx k ]c-a-lw-k-Xpco
am-I-bm ]c-a-lw-k Ftmgpw Pm{K-Z-h--bn Xs bmXo-X m-h - [ p-s sX-c p-] m-k y-tX-s s\h {_-{]-I m-
Ccn-p- p. Cs\ \nc-cw kzcq-]-k-m-\-tmSpw itX tX\ hntZ-l-apnx
{_- { ]- W - h - [ ym- \ - t mSpw IqSn- b p k\ymkw
AIm-c-n Pm{KXv hnizhpw DIm-c-n Pm{KXv
ssIsmv tZl-XymKw sNp--h ]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{h-P-
ssXP-khpw aIm-c-n Pm{KXv {]mhpw A-am-{X-
\m-Ip-p.
bn Pm{KXv Xpco-b-hp-am-Wv. _np-hn kz]v\hnizw \mZ-
7. `K- h {_ {]Whx IoZr- i oXn {_m n kz]v\-ssX-Pkw Ie-bn kz]v\{]mw. Iem-Xo-
]rXn ktlm-h mN \mcm-b Wx {_ {]Whx X- n kz]v\-Xp-co-bw. imn-bn kpjp]vXn hnizhpw
tjmU-i-am-{Xm-Ix tkmhm NXp-b NXp-- imy-Xo-X-n kpjp]vX n ssXP-khpw D-\n-bn
b-tKm-Ncx Pm{K-Z-h -mbmw Pm{K-Zm-Zn-N-X pt{km kpjp]vXn {]mhpw at\m--\n-bn kpjp]vXn Xpco-
Ah- m- k z]v t \ kz]v \ mZn NX- t {km- h mx bhpw Dv. sshJ-co-bn Xpco-b-hn-izhpw a[y-a-bn
k pj p] vtX m k pj p- ] vX yZn N X - t {k m- h m Xpcob ssXP-khpw ]iy-n-bn Xpcob {]mhpw ]c-
kvX pcotb Xpco-b mZn NX-t{km-hm `h- oXn bn Xpcob Xpco-bhpw Pm{K-ns \mep am{X-Ifpw
Pm{K-Z -h - mbmw hnizky NXphn[ymw hniz- BIm- -i-n-s-Xm-W.v kz]v\-ns \mep am{X- Ifpw DIm-
hntizm hniz-ssX-Ptkm hniy-{]mtm hniz-Xp- cmw-i-bp--am-W.v kpjp-]Xv n-bpsS \mep-am-{X-I aIm-cmw-
c ob C X n k z] v\ m- h - mbmw s s X P- k y i-bp--am-W.v Xpco-b-ns \mep am{X-I A-am-{Xmw-
NmXphn[yw ssXP-k - h n- i zkvs sX Pkkvs sX i-bp--am-Ip-p. CXn-s\- -s- bmWv {_-{]-Whw Fv
Pk- { ]m x {]m - { ] m- - k v X p- c ob CXn ]d-bp--X.v Xpco-bm-Xo-X ]c-a-lw-k Ah-[q-X Fn-
Xpcobm hmbmw Xpco-b ky NmXp hn[ymw h ChnsS D]m-k-I-cmWv {_w. AXn-\m XsbmWv
Xpcob hniz-kvXp-cob ssXP-k-kvXp-cob {]m {]Im-in-p--Xv. AXn-\m Xs-bmWv hntZ-l-ap-n-bpw.
kvXpcob kvX pcob CXn tX {ItaW tjmU-am-
7. `K-h IYw Abtm ]ho-Xym-inJo kh
{Xm-c q-Vw.
I ]cn- X yxIYw {_- \ n- j v T m- ] cx IYw
`K-hm-s\, {_-{]-Whw GXp hn[-n-ep-X - mWv {_mW CXn {_m ]rXn k tlm hmN
Fv {_mhv tNmZn--tm \mcm-b-W ]dp: {_- hnjvWp t`mx t`m A`-b-kym-kvXy-ssZz-Xa - m-m-
{]-Whw ]Xn- \mdv am{X-tN-XmWv \me-h--I-fn \mep m\w XtZh btm-] -h oXw Xky [ym\-\n-
hoXw ]Xn- \mdv hn[-ap- v. Pm{K-Z-h--bn Pm{K- ZmZn \mem- jvssTh inJm XXv I k ]hn{Xw k kh
h- - I kz]v\mZn \mem-h-- I kpjp-]vXn- bn kpjp- I IrXv k {_mWx k {_ \njvTm-]cx k
N P

I ssZhx k Ejnx k X]kzo k t{ijvTx k Gh
kh tPyjvT x k Gh PKZv Kpcpx k Ghm
lwhnn temtI ]c-a-lwk ]cn-{hm-PtIm Zpe-`-
X-tcm-b-tZy-tImkvXn k Ghx \nXy ]qXx k Gh
thZ ]pcptjm alm-]p-cptjm bkvX - nw aty
hmh-X n-jvTtX Alw NX-k van-t-h m-h - nXxk
Gh \nXy-Xr]vXx kx iotXm-jvWk - p-JZpx am\m-
h-am-\ m-hPnX k \nm-aj klnjvW p kj-
Uqn hPnXx jUv` m-h -hn-Imc iq\yx ktPy-
jv T m- t Pyjv T hyh- [ m\ clnXx k kzhrXn
tctIW \m\r-{Zm Bimw _tcm \ \a-kvImtcm
\ kzlm Imtcm \ kz[m-Im-c \ hnk\
]tcm \nm kvXpXn hyXn-cntm \ a{ Xt{m
]mktIm tZhm--c-[ym\ iqt\ym eym-e ym
\nhIx kthm-]-cXx k kn-Zm-\m Zzb-Nn-
ZvL \x kq-\ss I t_mt[m {_ Gh
Alw AkvaoXn A\ hcXw {_ {]W-h m\p
k m t\\ bx IrX-IrtXym `hXn k l ]c-
alw k]cn {]mUn-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
`K-hms\ btm-]-hoXw inJ kh-I-
Fnh ]cn-Xy-Pn-m Fs\ {_-\n-jvTm-]-c-\mIpw?
Fv {_mhv tNmZn--tm hnjvWp ]d-p. A-s\-
bp--h\v btm-]-hoXw Ahs AssZz-X-bp--amb
B-m\w Xs-bm-W.v Ahs inJ [ym\ \njvT-bm-
1 ]c-{_-tm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Z It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy
am- ` nb- P {Xmx nssc- c wssK kv X phmw
kkvX-\q-`nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx kzkv Xn
\ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvX n \x ]qjm hniz-
thZmx kzkv X n \kv X mtym Acn- - t \anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v]-X nZ-[ m-X p. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R ImXp-sImv awKfw tIp-am-
dm-ItW. Ip-IsImv awKfw ImWp-am-dm-It- W. kpZr-
V--fmb AwK--fmepw tZl-mepw \nsf kvXpXn-
p-sImWv tZh-m RM-A-Mv \n-b n-n-p kXyw bXv {_hoan {_- h nZymw hcnjv T mw
N P
571
Wv. kzI--fm Ahs ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. Ah K
kIe I-fpw A\pjvTnp Ign-p. Ah {_m-
W-\m-Wv. Ah {_m-\n-jvTm-]-cm-b-W -\m-Wv. Ah
tZh\pw Ejn-bp-am-Ip-p. X]-kznbpw t{ijvT- \p-am-Ip-p.
kh-nepw tPyjvT\pw PK-ZvKp-cp-hp-am-W-h Ah
Rm Xs-bm-sWv a\-n-em-p-I. temI-n C-
s\-bp ]c-a-lw-k-]c - n-{hm-P-I
- m Zpe-`-am-Wv. Fhn-sS-
sb- nepw Htm ctm t] Ip- shv hcmw. Ah \nXy-
ip-\pw thZ ]pcp-j\pw hm\ ]pcp-j-\p-am- Ip-p. Ahs
Nnw Fnepw Ah Fnepw hkn-p-p. Ah
\nXy-Xr-]X v -\m-Wv. Ah {iotXmjvW ZpxJkpJ am\m-h-
am-\-c-ln-X- \m-Wv. Ah jUqn cln-X\pw jUv`m-h-hn-
Im-c--Xo-X-\p-am-Ip-p. hen-b-hs\tm sNdn-b-h-
s\tm D Nn Ah-\n-. Ah Bm-hns\ am{Xw
ImWpp asm-n-s\bpw C. Znp-I-fm-W-hs hkv{X-
. Ah \a-kI v m-ctam kzlm-Im-ctam kzm[m-Im-ctam
sNp-n- . Ah \nm-kvXp-Xn-I-Xo-X-\m-Wv. Ah\v
a{- X-t{m-]m-k-\-bn-. Ah A\y tZh-msc [ym\n-p-
n-. eym-ey cln-X-\mbn kh-hn-c--\mbn Ign-bp-
p. Ah kn-Z m-\ - \pw AZz-b \pw NnZvL -\ \pw
kqm-\ t_m[- bp- \pw Rm {_-amWv Fp
AJ `mh-\m-bp- -\p-amWv C-s\-bp- -hs\ ]c-a-lw-
k-]-cn-{h-P-I-s\p ]d-bp-p. Cs\ D]-\n-j-v.
]c-a-lw-k-]-cn-{hm-P-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
Bbp-p-ap-gp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn-p-am-dm-ItW. alm-
Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv awKfw \ItW. kh-
-\mb ]qjzmhv Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-s. A{]-Xn-tcm-
[y-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U Rv awK-f-a-cp-f-tW. _rl-
kvarXn Rv awKfw \ItW. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx
1. AY ssl\w alm imex iu\tIm BwKn
ckw `K-hw ]n-em`w hn[n-h-Zp-]-kw ]{]--
Znthy {_-]ptc tI kw{]-Xn-jvTnXm `h-n, IYw
krPyt \nXym- \ Gj alnam hn`Py Gj
alnam hnZpx I Gjx Xkvssa k tlmhmN GXXv

I tZth`yx {] mtW `yx ]c- { _ ]ptc hnc Pw
\njvIfw ip`-a-cw hncPw hn`m-Xn. k \nb-Xn
a[p- I cx tizh hXv ^ - e - a - \ p- ` - h Xo Ia- a -
mXm I ItcmXn I-a mXzm I
IpcymXv tIm Pmew hnn-t]-tZtIm ss\\-a-] -
IjXy ]Ij-X n.
hnin--\mb iu\-I AwKo-c-hw-i-n ]nd `K-
hm ]n-em-Zs\ hn[n-]qhw kao-]nv tNmZnp: temI-
n-ep-mIp ]Zm--semw t\cs Znhy-amb
{_-]p-c-n AXm-bXv `K-hm lnc-Wy-K`s lrZ-
bm-Im-i-n hncm-Pn-p-I-bmtWm? B ]Zm-sf
hn`m-tK\ hym]-I\pw aln-am-a-b-\p-amb Cuiz-c Xs
Dn \npw Fs\ krn- pp? Atlw bYm-
n BcmWv? ]n-em- Z ]dp: Rm \np ]d-
p-X- cm t]mIp {_- hnZy kXy- am- W.v Atlw kXy-
kz-cq-]-amb {_-]p-c-n KpW{Xblo-\\ - mbn hncm-Pn-
p-p. {]mW apX \maw hsc-bp ]Xn-\mdp Ie-I-
fn-m--h\pw Am-c-W-m Ahn-\mio cq]-n
nXn-sN-p--h\ - p-am-W-t-lw. Atlw Poh-m{X kaq-
ls _-tam--v A[n-Imcn F \ne-bn
krn-p-p. Cu kzcq-]-n-ep {_-hn-Zyv B[m-c-
`q-X-hpamb ]c-am-mhv apap-p--fpsS Ahn-Zym-Zn-Isf
\nb-{n-p-p. AXns ^e-ambn Ahv ip ssNX-
\y-{]-XoXn Dm-Ip-p. kzm-\v AI-Wy-s\
\ne-bn Ign-bp Atlw IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-Wv. hn]-coX
Zrn-bmb Atlw ]e {]Im-c-n-ep-ap I-
sNp--h-\mbpw Ij-Is - \-tmse Xs I-n-\-\p-
k-cnv ^e-a-\p-`-hn-p--h-\mbpw Xocp-p. I-a- a-dn-
bp hyn Bcm-[\m _pn-tbmsS Iw sNp-p.
Fm ]c-{_w Xs- bmWv Xm F-dn-bp--Xn-\m
ap {`a--fn \nsmw ap-\m-Im B{K-ln-p-p.
ap\n-am-cpsS Ihyw {Klnv \njvIm-a-_p-ym-Iw
sNp-p. GI-am-{X- amb {_-n Xs apgp-Inb Hcp
k\ym-knbpw A\p-Nn-X--fmb ]e I- sNp-n-
. \njvIm-a-_p-n-tbmsS Iw sNp--hs\ Ahs
I- kmwkm- cn- I-- fmb hnj-b- -fn-tev BIjn-
m-dn-.
2. {]W- t Z- h - X m- - X zmcx Xmx khmx \mUyx
kpjp-]vX-tiy-\m-Im-i-hXv bYm tiy\xJam-{in-Xy-
bmXn Xzebw Bembw Ghw kpjp]vXw {_qX
Abw N ]cw N kh{X lnc-Wy-atb ]tc-tImti
Aar-Xm-t]yjm \mUo-{Xbw k-cn-Xky {Xn]mZw
{_ Gjm t{Xjym XtXm A\p-Xn-jvTXn A\y{X
{_qX Abw N ]cw N kh{X lnc-tb ]tc
tImti bssYj tZh-Ztm bym N \mUy-
amt\m ss\th- X n. Gh- anm ]qt Itm
ip`m-ip-ss`\ en]ytX bYm-Ip-am-ctIm \njvIma
B\- -a-` n-bm-X n, XssYj tZhx kz]v \-am-\ - -a-` n-
N P
572
bmXn thZ Gh ]cw tPymXnx tPymXnjm am K
tPymXn-cm-\--b-tXyh tah. XXv]cw bXv Nnw
]c-am-m-\-am-\--b-Xn. ip`-h-am-Pm-b-tX-iz-cmXv
`qb-kvtX-ss\h amtW kz]v\-m\w \nb-Xn
Pf-Im-`m-h-h-ZyYm Ima-am-Pm-b-tX-iz-c mXv Xmh-Xm-
m-\-am-\ bXn ]c-k-o-b-Z-]-c-k-oXn. XXv ]cw
\m]cw XyP-Xn. X ssZh I]m-em-Iw kmb
b Gj kvX\ Chm-ew-_t- X. tk{ tbm\nx k
thZtbm \ncnXnx A{X Pm{K-Xn. iq`m-ip-`m-Xn-cnx
ip`m-i pss` c]n I-` n\ en]y-tX. k Gj
tZthm Xy tZh kykw-{]-kmtZm A-cym-ay-kw-K-
Nn-{ Zp]x ]pcpjx {]W- h - l wkx ]cw {_, \
{]mW lwkx {]Wthm Pohx BZym-tZh Xm\n
thZ-b Xn b Ghw thZ XXv IYw \nth-Z-b tX
Pohky {_-X z-am-]m-Z-b-Xn.
kth-iz-c GXp hn[-ap--h-\mWv? Poh {]mWm-
[mc cq]-n Xpcob t`Z-m \mev {]mW tZh-X-am-cp-
v. Ahsc {]m]n-p-hm-\p \mUn-Ifpw \mep-hn-[-am-Ip-
p. ca, Ac-a, C, ]p\`h Ch-bmWv B \mUn-I.
Ch-bn ca, Aca Cu cp \mUn-Ifpw tNv BIm-i-
n k-cn-p ]cp-n-s\-tmse Pm{K-Xvkz-]\ v m-Zn-I-
fm Xfv Dd-n-tm-Ip-p. ]cpv hfsc kabw ]dv
Xf-cp-tm Iqn-tev hcp--Xp-t]m-se-s Poh\pw
Pm{K- Zm- Zn- I-fm oWnv Xs hn{i- a-m-\v Cu cp
\mUn-I-fnepw hn{i-a-n\v Dd-p-p. Dd-p Ah--
bn Nne-tm k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. k{X gA-
b-B-^-J-W-Bb ^d-W-B-Y-A-W-B-gA ME-[-b-B-J-B-
i-n camZn aqp \mUn-I-tfbpw B{i-bnv kzkz-cq-
]s {]m]npw Am-sXbpw Xm-{Xm-cq-]-n Ign-bp-
p. Dd-p Hcp hynsb hSn-sIm-Sn-m Ah
DW-Xn-\p-tijw ]ns Dd-m-Xn-cn-p--X p-t]mse
Poh\pw thZ-am-Ip BNm-cy-\n \np thZm--X-Xzw- {K-
lnv m\-bp--\mbn Xocp-tm hopw Ah- m-{X-
b-n ]Xn-p-n-. \Xpw No-bp-amb Ia--fn
apgp-Ip--Xp-an- . _me Fnepw Bk-- \-m-- Xn-\m
Inp--Xn B\-n- p--Xp-t]mse Poh\pw kz]v\-ntem
Pm{K-ntem B\-a - -\p-`h
- n-pp Rm {_-kz-cq]w
Xs- bm-Wv. F t_m[-ap- -h B\--a- b-\m-Ip-p. Hcp-
Xcw A Hcp ]pn \npw asmcp ]pn-te-s--t]mse
m\nbpw PmK-c-W - n sNp ]n ap-h Dt]-n-
p-p. {_-X-e] v -c-\mbn AXv Xn \npw `n-a-sv
m\n a\-n-em-p-p. tIhew {ih-Wm-Zn-I-fm {_-
m\w e`n- p-n- . Iem-]m- Iw AXm- bXv tbmK-ns
baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [mc-
Ww, [ym\w kam[n Fo Amw-K- A`y-knv Ah-
bm lrZ-bs ipo-Ic - nv {_-m\w t\Sn IrX-
Ir-Xy-\m-tI--Xp- v. tbmK-[ym-\-n-\m-[mcw CXm-Wv.
kvX\w t]msetbm hmg-q-p- t]m-setbm s\n Xqn-
n-S-p AXv tbmK-Im-ev apI-fn-temp s]mn hnI-

I kn-p-p. lrZ-b-I-a-e
- n nXn-sN-p Cuiz-cs\
[ym\n- p- -h ip`m- ip` I-smw AXo- X-\mbn
-hn-p- p.
{]km-Za
- -b\pw A-cm-anbpw \nw-K\pw Nn{Zq-]\pw
{]W-hl- w-k-\p-amb cq]-n ]c-{_w kvacn--s-Sp-
p. {]Whw Xs- bmWv Poh. Fs- m AXv Hmm-
c-ns Ah-b- -h-n BIm-c- m hmNy-am-Wv. HmwIm-
c-ns bYm-cq]w Adn-bp--h\v Poh-{_--]Zw e`n-
m Ign-b pw. {]W-h m- - I - a mb ]c- {_- - ns
[ym\hpw \nZn-[ym-k-\hpw Poh-p-nv hgn-sbm-cp-p- p.
3. kz-a-Ymky ]pcp-jky Ax intJm-] -ho-
XXzw {_-Wky apap-tm-c intJm-]-ho-X-[m-
c-Ww, _lne-y-amW inJm-b-tm-]-[m-cWw
IntWm Krl-ky A-cq] hoX eWw
Xp _ln-kvX -p-h-Z-hy--a kvXXz-ta-f\w
B-cn-Ii
- n-Jbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw {_-cq-]-a -b-
\mb Cu ]pcp-js kXyw Xs- bm-Wv, tamw B{K-ln-
p {_m-W Cu B-co-I-in-J-sbbpw btm-]-
ho-X-sbpw [cn--Ww. ]pdsa ImWp btm-]-ho-
Xhpw inJbpw In-I-fmb Krl-v thn-bp--
Xm-W.v B-cn-I-in-Jbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw ]pdsa D
kq{Xw t]mse hy-a-. Fnepw Ahy-hpw ]c-{_--
tmSv tbmPn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv.
\ km-k kZ-kZv `nm-`nw \ tNm `bw
\ k`mwKw \ \n`mKw \ Nm]yp-`-b-cq-]Iw {_m-
ss-IXz hnm\w tlybw anYym XzIm-c-WmXv
kXv, Ak-Xv, `nw, A`n-w, D`-bm--Iw, k`m-Kw,
\n`m-Kw, DZ-b-kz-cq]w CsXm-p-a Ahn-Zy-bpsS kzcq-
]w. AXns kzcq]w khYm A\nh-N-\o-b-am-W v.
A\nh-N-\ob {_- ns BssI XXz- m\w Dm-
Im-Xn-cn-p Imew AhnZy \ne-\npw Fm {_-
kz-cq-]-m-\w e`n-m CsXmw ssIhn-tS--XmWv
Fpw t_m[y-am-Ipw. Fs- m AsXmw anYy-bm-Ip-
p.
4. ]-] mXv {_tWm \ In\ XNp-j v] m-Z-
hnt\m APoh {_-W--Xzm-cn- m-
\m\n \m`n-l-rZ-b-IWvT aq[kp Pm{KXv kz]v \-
kp-j p]vX n Xpco-b m-h mx Bl-h - \ ob Kml-
]Xy ZnW k`ym- n- j p. PmK- c otX {_m-
kz]v t \ hnjv W p; kpjp]v X u cp{Z- k v X p- c ob
acw Nn-bw. Xkvam--Xp-c-hm NXp-cm-Kp-et- h-
-\ -anh j-hXn XXzm\n Xp-hZv hn`-P y-X -Zm-
lnXw {XnKp-Wo-IrXym Zzm{Xow i-Xz-\n-jvj-
am- ] mZy m\ - ] qX w {X nKp- W - k z- c q] w
{XnaqnXzw ]rYIv hnm\ \h {_m-Jy-\-
h-Kp-tWm-t]Xw mXzm \h-am-\-an-Xkv{Xn KpWo-
N P
573
IrXy kptcy- z- n-I-e m-k z-cq-]-tXz-s s\Io IrXym K
`ytc XXz-a]n at[y {Xncm-hrXym {_-hn-jvWp-
a-tl-iz-cXzw a\kn kmb BZy--ta-Io-IrXy
NnZv{K-m-h-ssZz-X-{Knw IrXzm-\m-`yZn {_-_n-
e-{]-am-Ww. ]rYIv ]rYIv k]vXh - nw-iXn X]m-kw-
_w {XnKptWm t]Xw {Xnaqn e-We - -n-
X-a-t]y-I-Xzam D]m-Zy-hm-amw-km-ZmZn Znn-W-I-Syw
hn`mhy A`y--{K-l-kt- -f-\t- aIw mXzm aqe-
taIw kXyw arabw hnmXw kymZzm-N m-cw-
`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw arn-tI-tXyh kXyw
lw tkXn h- Z ztb \mx intJm- ] - h oXzw
\nnXy {_-WXzw {_-[ym-\mlXzw bXn Xz
aen Xmx intJm ] hoXn-Xz-tahw _ln en-
Xmx intJm-]-ho-Xn-Xz-tahw _ln en-Xmx
intJm-]-ho-Xn-Xz-tahw _ln enX I-inJm
mt\m-]-hoXw Krl-m-kym-`mk {_m-Xzky
tIi-k-aq-l -i nJm {]Xy Im-k-X-p-IrtXm
]oXXzw NXp KpWo-IrXy NXphnw-i Xn XXzm-
]mZu Xp IrXzw \h-X-Xz-ta-I-tah ]cw {_
XXv {]Xn-kc tbmKy-XzmXv _lp-am-{]-h r-nw,
Iev]-b-n. kthjmw {_m-Zo\mw tZhjoWmw
a\p-jymWmw aqn tcIm. {_ss-I-ta-h. {_-
W-X z-ta-I-ta-h. hm-{i-anWm taI-tah hZ-n.
lwkx, inJm, {]W-h, ap]-\ o-X w, \mZx, km-
\w, Gj [tm t\Xtcm [x XXv IY-a nXn
{]W-h -l wtkm \mZ-k v{Xn-h rXv kq{Xw kzlrZn
ssNXt\y XnjvTXn {Xnhn[w {_ XZv hrn {]m]-
n-I-in-tJm-t]Xw XytP-Xv.
]-]m-Z-{_--n\v Xn \npw hyXy-kX v -ambn
Ahn-Zym-cq-]-aptm Ctbm F kwibw Am-\-m-
Wv. hrn, kan cq]-ambn NXpjv]m ZmK-X-ambn
Dn \ne-sIm-p Pohn-cq-]n-bmb {_s {]m]n-
m \mev m\--fp-v. \m`n, lrZ-bw, IWvTw, inc-
v, AXns\ {]m]n-m Pm{K-v, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
Xpcobw Fo \me-h--If - p-ap-v. Bl-h\ - obw Kml-
]Xyw ZnWw k`yw Fo An-I-fn bYm-tbmKyw
Bm-hns\ `mh\ sN-Ww. Pm{K-Z-h- -bn {_mhpw
kz]v\-n hnjvWphpw kpjp-]vXn-bn cp{Z\pw Xpco-
b-n A-chpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb Nn{Zp-]-{_-hpw
Bbn-cn--Ww. eyw. k\ymkn {_-a-ba - mb btm
]ho-Xhpw [cn- m-dp-v. {_s {]m]n-m \mep Ah-
-I ]cn-K-Wn-- s-n-cn- p-p. AXv \mep hnc-ep-I-fpsS
th-\a - m-W.v AXn sXmq-mdp XXz- AS-n-bn-cn-
p-p. AXv aqmbn hn`-Pnv apn cp XXz--epsS
k\n-jIv j amb cq]w km-Znv m\-m hnip--
amb {XnKpW kz`m- h-tmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sWp a\-n-emn
kqcy, N{, An Fo Iem-cq-]-hp-ambn GIo-`-hnv
{_m-hnjvWp atl-iz-c-msc A\p-k-m\w sNbvXp.
 574

I \m`n apX {_ _new hsc-bp hn`n---fmb Ccp-]- Xq{Xw [mc-tbZv tbmKo K

n-tbgp XXz- sf kw_- n- p kmcw {Klnv tbmK hnZv {_tWm bXnx
GIXzw m]nv CSXp tXm apX hes Ac-sv
{]tZiw hsc CXns\ `mhs\ sNbvXm Nn ipn
10. {_-kq{Xw XymtPZv hnt{]m
e`n-pw. tbmK hnm\ XXv]cx
{_-`m-h-anZw kq{Xw
a]m-{X- ap-am-{X-am-Wv. AXn asmpw Cs-
-dn-bp--Xp-t]mse {_-\nn-X-amb FmhkvXp-fpw [mc-tbXv bx kx apn-`mIv
{_-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. lwk-sa {_-ns \mip-NnXzw \tNm-nw
Awiw Xs- bmWv Xm Fp a\-n-emn {_m-W- Xzw, Xky kq{Xky [mc-Wm-Xv.
{_ [ym\-tbm-Ky-X-b-XnXzw Ch km[n-mw. Atm
inJ-sbm- sSmw Xe- apSn apdn- p. _mly- b- tm-]-hoXw
am{Xta a\p-jy bYm-n Ax inJ-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
Dt]-n- p-Ibpw Ahn-\m-in-bmb ]c- {_--s- s
b-h\pw A btm-]-ho-X-[m-cn-bp-am-sWv Icp-X-s-
kq{X-cq-]-n [cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nc-cw tam-
Sp-Ib
- p-q. ]pdsa ImWp inJbpw ]qWp-\qepw Krl-
Nn hlnv ]n Pw Hgn-hm-m {ian-p-I. kqN-I-am-
m- { i - a n- I v th - X m- W v . i nJ bpw ]cp n
b-Xp- sIm- mWv kq{X- sa t] knn--Xv. bYm kq{X-
\qsImp Xo ]qWq-epw {_-W-Xz-ns As-
m\w knn--h-\mWv apap- p. `np-I\pw kZm- Nm- cnbpw
n sshZn-I-Im-\p-jT v m-\-n-\p tbmKy-X-bpsS Hcp
{_m-W\pw Ah Xs. AJ {_m-s ]c-
Nnw am{X- am-W.v
{_w \qen aWn-I t]mse tImn- cn-p-p. B
GXp hn`m-K-m-cp-sS-bm-bmepw apn, {_w {_m- kq{Xw tbmK-\pw bXnbpw {_-W\pw [cn--Ww.
WXzw Fn-h-sbmw H- p-X- s-bm-Wv. hm {iam-Nm-c- _mly- kq- {Xs khYm Dt]-n-p-I. {_ `mh- bp- -
`n--fm-W.v hm-{i-a-hy-h ]men-p--hc - psS amb kq{Xs [cn- p- - h apnv A[n-I m-c n-
cq]w Hp Xs. tamm-[n-Im-cn-bmb bXn-bpsS inJbpw bmbnocp-p. ImcWw B kq{X-n bmsXmcp hn[-
btm-]-ho-X-ns BZn Imc-W-amb HmwIm-chpw Hp- n-ep Aip-Nn-Xztam Dn--Xztam A]-hn-{X-Xtbm C.
X-s. Ah- cpsS ]c-{_ Xs-bmWv inJ HmwImcw Xs
11. kq{X-a- KXw tbjmw
D]-ho-Xw. Ch cn-s\bpw kwtbm-Pn-n-p-Xv \mZw.
m\n kza-ln-a-bm B- n-X- \mbn ssNX\y kzcq-
m\ bPvtVm-]-ho-Xn\mw
]-amb lrZ-b- n hkn- p- p. B-kz-c q-] -\mbn tb Xp kq{X-hntZm temtI
kXys Adn-b-W-sa-m-{K-ln-p-p-sh-n B-X- Xz- tX N btm]hoXn \x
n \nv `n-ambn Hpw ImWm B{K-ln-p-n-s-
12. m\ ]qmx m\-\njvTmx
n Ah I- a-bhpw {]m]-n-I-hp-amb inJ-sbbpw
btm-]-ho-X-sbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-t--Xp-v.
m\ btm-]-ho-X n\x
m\-tah ]cw tXjmw
6. k inJw hN\w IrXzm
]hn{Xw m\-an-coXw
_lnx kq{Xw XytPXv _p[x
13. At cnh inJm \m\ym
b Zcw ]cw {_
Xky m\-abo inJm
XXv kq{X-anXn [mc-tbXv
k inJo-Xyp-NyptX hnZzm
7. ]p\P--\n-h r-Xzw
t\Xtc tIi [mcnWx
tamN--kym-l \niw kvatcXv
14. I-Wy-[n-IrXm tb Xp
kqN-\m- q{X anXypw
sshZntI euIntI ]nhm
kq{Xw \ma ]cw ]Zw
{_m-Wm-`m-k-am-t{XW
8. aXv kq{Xw hnZnXw tb\
Poht Ipn-]q-cImx
k apap-px k `npIx
{hPt \ncbw tX Xp ]p\P-\n P\n
k thZ-hnXv kZm-Nmcx
15. hmamw-k-Z ISyw
k hn{]x ]wn ]mh\x
{_-kq{Xw Xq khyXx
9. tb\ kh anZw t{]mXw A _ln-cn-hm-Xyw
kqt{X aWn KWm Ch
XXz-Xp ka-\znXw
N P

I GsXmcp m\-a-b-b-tm- ]-ho-X-[m-cn-bpsS Dn
Cu kq{X-ap-v, Ah-\mWv bYm-n kq{X-m-\-
ap--h\pw bYm btm-]-ho-X-[m-cnbpw m\-bp-
-amb inJ-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb m\-\n-jvTpw m\-am-
Ip btm-]-hoXw [cn-p--hpw m\w Xs-
bmWv khhpw. Abm Xs hnZzm\pw inJ-bp--h\pw
ap Xc-n \o Xe-apSn Isp shv Ah inJm-
[m-cn-b-. sshZn-I-eu-In-I-I--fn apgpInbn-cn-p--
h {_-Wm-`m-k-m am{Xw. Ah tIhew DZc ]qcW-
m-cm- Wv. bYm m\n CSs tXm apX hes
ISn-{]-tZiw hsc B-co-Ihpw bYmXzp-amb m\w
sImv knn ]c-a-X-Xz-am-Ip \qen-\m \nn-X- amb
{_-kq-{Xs \m`n-ap-X {_-c{w hsc bYm-{]-amWw
[cn-t- -Xp-v.
16. \m`ym-Zn-{_--c-{m
{]am-Ww [mc-tbXv kq[o
tY`yp [mcy-anZw kq{Xw
{InbmwKw Xp \nnXw
inJm m\-abo bky
D]-hoXw N Xbw
17. {_mWyw kIew Xky
t\X-tcjmw XpIn-\
CZw-b-tm-] -hoXw
Xp ]c-aw-XXv ]cm-bWw
18. hnZzm btm-]-ho-Xo
kw[m-ct- bXv bx k apn `mIv
_ln-c--tm-]-hoXn
1 ]mip-]-X-{_-tm-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhmx `{Zw
]ty-a m-`- n bP{Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXpjvT
hmwk kv X \q- ` nhy- t ia tZh- l nXw bpZmbpx
kzkvXnx \x Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm
hniz thZmx kzkvXn \kvXmty AcnjvS t\anx
N P
575
hn{]x k\y-kvXp-alXn K
19. GI-b-tm-]-hoXn Xp
ss\h k\ym-k vXp-a-lnXn
20. XkvamXv kh-{]-b-Xvt\\
tamm-t]o `thXv bXnx
_lnx kq{Xw ]cn-XyPy
kzmx kq{Xw Xp [mc-tbXv
_lnx {]] intJm-]-ho-XnXz a\m-Zr-Xy-{]-W-
h-lw-k-in-tJm-]-ho-XnXz ah-ew_y tam-km-[\w
Ipcym-Zn-Xyml `K-hm iu\Ix CXyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
Cuhn[w ]c-a-X- Xz-am-Ip Xp-hn-\m \nn--s-
Xpw hnhn[ {Inb-I-fpsS AwK-`q-X-hp-amb Cu kq{Xw [cn-
-Ww. m\-amb inJbpw m\-a-tbm-]-ho-Xhpw D-
h\v Fm hkvXp-fpw {_-am-Wv. asm-p-an-. ]c-a-X-
Xz- kz-cq- ]- amb btm-]-hoXw [cn-p m\n btm-
]-ho-Xn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Xs-bmWv tamm-[n-Im-
cn. B-cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-a m-bp btm-]-ho-Xn-bm-
bmWv k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn. tIhew btm- ]-hoXw [cn-
p--h k\ym-k-n-\-[n-Im-cn-b-, sshcmKyw ssIh--
ht\ k\ym-k-n\p A[n-Im-c-ap-q. AXn-\m Hcp bXn
kh {]Im-c- nepw apap-p-hm-bn-cn--Ww. Ah _mly-
kq- { Xs At]- nv B - c - k q{Xw [cn- - W w.
_mlyhpw {]]--a-bh - p-amb inJ shSnp btm-]-
hoXw ssIhn-v, Hmw Imc {_-cq-]n-bmb inJ-sbbpw
btm-] -h o-X -s bpw ssIsm tam-k m-[ \
sNWw Fv iu\-I Acp-fn-sN-bvXp.
]c-{_--]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
kzkvXn t\m _rl-kv]-Xn Z[m-Xp. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m- sc, R ImXp- I sImv \Xp tIp-
am-dm-I-s. Ip-I sImv \Xv ImWp-hm-\n-Sh- c
- -s.
kpZr-V - -fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c--fmepw \nsf
kvXpXn-p-sImv tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
 576

I Bbpp apgp-h\pw A\p-`-hn-m-\n-S-h-c-s. alm-Ion-
am-\mb C{ Rv \-\e - vI-s. kh-\mb Xtam-a-b-\mb ambm-cp-]hpw hnjvWp kXz-Kp-Wa
]pjmhv Rv \ \I-s. A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-KX - n-bmb
Kcp-U Rv \-b-cp-f-s. _rl-kv]Xn Rv C{m-Zn-tZ-h-m ctPm-Kp- W-Xtam KpW- bp--m- cm-Wv. Ah-
\-b-cp-fs
- . Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]qh- ImWvU w
AY l ssh kzbw-`q {_m {]Pmx krPm
\oXn Ima-Imtam PmbtX Imta-iztcm ssh{i-hWx
ssh{i- h tWm {_-] p{Xm _me- J neyx kzbw
`phw ]cn-]r-Xn PKXmw Im hnZym Im tZhXm
Pm{K-X p-c o-b-t bm-c ky tIm tZthm bm\n Xky
him\n Imemx InbXv {]amWmx Ikym-bm
chn N{-{l-lm-Ztbm `mkt Iky aln-am-KK - \
k zc q] G X - Z l w t{i mX p - a n- man \ mt\ y m
Pm\mXnXzw {_qln-{_-. kzbw `qcp-h m-N -I r-
Xvkv\P KXmw amXrIm hnZym Zzn{Xn h-kl - nXm
Zznh-amXm {Xnh klnXm Zznh amXm
{Xnh klnXw NXpam{Xm tImw-Imtcm
aa {]mWm- nIw tZhXm Al- t ah PK- { Xb
sskyIx ]Xnx aa him\n khmWn bpKm-\y-]n.
Atlm-cm-{Xm-Ztbm aXv kwhnXmx Imemx aa
c p ] m- c th k vtX P N { \ {X {K l
tXPmwkn N KKt\m aa {Xnin ambm kzcq-
t]m. \mt\ym aZ-kvXn. Xtam ambm-tIm cp{Zx
kmXzn-Ia - m-bm-tIm hnjvWpx cmP-ka - m-bm-tIm
{_m. C{m-Z-b-kvXm-a-kc - m-P-km-nIm \ kmXzn
tIm ]n. AtLmcx kh km[m-cW kzcq]x
kzbw `qhmb {_m-hns a\-n Hcn- {]P-
Isf krjvSn- -W-s a B{K-l-a p- m-b n. AtXmsS
Atlw Ima-\-Isf ]qo-I-cn-p cp{Z- s\bpw ssh{i-
h-Ws - \bpw krjvSn-p. Atm ssh{i-h-W\pw {_-
]p-{X-\mb _meJney\pw {_m-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""PK-
n hnZy FmWv?'' Pm{K-p-co-bm-h - -bpsS tZh-X-
bm-cmWv? B-[o\amWv PmKv? Ime-n\v FmWv
{]amWw? kqcy-N{- m-Zn-{K-l - BcpsS B-bm
{]Im-in-pp? Cu Imcy- Adn-bm Rv Xs Poh. ]c-am kzcq-]-amb Cu lwkw AIpw
IuXp-I-ap-v. A-bv-msX ampw CXv \n-b-an- ]pdpw k-cn-p-p. Dn-se-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw A\-
. AXp-s Imv AsXmw ]dp Xcp-I . kzbw`q
]dp: ""temI-nse amXr-Im-]-c-amb h-am-e-bmb
amXm-hm-W,v hnZy, AXv lwkw Fp cp-h--tfmSp
IqSn-b-Xp-am-Ip-p. \mep-am-{X-bp HmwImcw Fs {]mW-
tZ-hX- -bm-W.v aqp temI-n\pw Htc Hcp \mY Rm
Xs kIe bpK-fpw Fs hi-hn-I-fm-Ip-p.
Fn \npamWv Zn\-cm-{X- XpS-nb Ime- AIpw ]pdpw {]Im-i n- p btm-] -h oXw
Dm-b-Xv. kqcyt tXPpw N{-\--{X-{K-lm-Zn-If - nse
tPymXnpw Fs {]Whw aqp-h--sfbpw IqSn-
bXp Xs Cu BImiw Fs aqv in imen-bmb
ambm cq]-am-Wv. Rm\-msX Hcn-Spw Hp-an-. cp{Z
K
- -b-\mb
ambm-cq-]hpw {_mhv ctPm-Kp-Wo-b -ambm cq]-hp-am-Wv.
cn kmXzn-Ic - m-bn-m-cp-an-. tIhew inh am{X-amWv
kh km[m-cW cq]n.
2. ka-kvXb - m-Km\mw cp{Zx ]ip-Im-cp-t{Zm-cpt{Zm
bmK- t Zthm hnjv W p- c - Z z- c yptlm- t X- {- t Z-h Xm
b-`pKv am\kw {_-am-tl-izcx {_-am-\kw
lwkx-tkmlw lwkx CXn. X-b-btm \mZm-
\p- k - m- \ w. X- b - h n- I m- t cm- P ohx ]c- a mm
kzcqt]m lwkx A_-ln--cXn lwkx A
KtXm \hIm- i m- KX kph kzcqt]m
lwkx j-hXn XXz-X - p-hXv hyw Nnq{Xw
{Xb Nn-b-e- Ww \h-X-Xz-{Xn-cm-hrXw {_-
hn- j v W p- a - t l- i z- c m- - I - a - n- { X- b - I - t em- t ]Xw
NnXv{Kn _\w AssZz-X-{Knx b-km-[m-
c-W mwKw _ln-c-Pz-e \w bmwK eW
{_ kzcqt]m lwkx D]-ho-X-e--W-kq-{X-{_-
-K m-b mx {_w Ke- - W - b pw b-
kq{Xw XZv {_ kq{Xw b-kq-{X-kw-_ n
{_- b x XXv kzcqt]mw Km\nam- { XmWn
at\m-b- ky lwtkm- b- -k q- {Xw. {]Whw
{_ m - k q{X w {_ - b - - a bw {] W - h m-
hn lwtkm-{_- -k q{Xw XtZ-h -{ _- -b-
-abw tam-{Iaw {_-k-ym-{Inbm at\m-
bmKx kym {Inbm at\m- bm-K ky e- W w.
b- k q-{ X- { ]- W - h - {_- - b {Inbm- bptm
{_mWx {_-Nt- cyW Ncn tZhmx lwk-kq-
{X-Ncym bx lwk{]W-h-tbm-ct- `Zx
kIe b-fp-sSbpw Imhv ]ip-]-Xn-bmb
`K-hm cp{Z-\m- Ip-p. hnjvWp A[z-cyphpw C{ tlmXm-
hp-am-Wv. inhs am\v {_-b-t- `m-m- tZh-
m-cm-Wv. B am\k {_l-a-ns cq]-amWv lwkw.
""lwkw, tkmlw'' F Xa-bXzw knn-p-hm sN-
s-Sp b-amWv \mZm-\p-k-m\w X-b-Xz-hn-Imcw
h-Im-i-m-\v Cu lwkw kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. Cuiz-
c sXmq-mdv XXz--fpsS cq]-n hy-am-Ip
Nnns {Xnkq-{X--fm H]-Xp-X - p-t- fmSv aqn-c-
n-bm-bXpw {_-hn-jvWp-at- l-iz-c-cq-]n-bmb An-{X-b-bp-
-bmb NnXv {Kn-bp-ambn _-s AssZzX {Kn-
bp--amb b-ns km[m-c-Wa - mb AwK-cq-]-n
lwkw Xs.
Cs\ D]-hoX kq{Xw {_-b--cq-]-am-W.v AXm-
bXv btm-] -h oXw {_ns {]Xo-I -am-I p-p.

N P

I btm-]-hoXw {_-b-hpw Hv asm-ns kzcq-
]-hp-am-Wv. AXns AwKw am{X-amWv btm-]-hoXw
Cu at\m-b-b--ns lwk-amWv {_-b bp-
amb {]W-hhpw {_-kq{Xw Xs. {]W-hm-hn-
bmb lwkhpw {_- kq-{X- am-Wv. Cu {_- bw tam-
km-[-\-am- Ip- p. {_-k-y-am-\-knI b- ns e-
W-amWv b- kq{Xw {]Whpw {_- bw Fn-h-bpsS
{Inb-I-tfmSp IqSnbh\mWv {_m-W. tZh-m {_-
N-cy-n hkn-p-p. lwkhpw {]W-hhpw Hm-Wv.
lwkky {]m-\mkv{X Imemx {XnImem
kv{Xn hmx t{XXm-y-\p-k-mt\m bmKx-t{X-
Xm- ym- - I rXn h HmwImc; lwkm- \ p- k -
mt\m bmKx Nnz-cq-]h -
- -bw Xpco-b-
kz-c q]w A-cm-ZntXy tPymXn kzcq-t]m-l wkx
bXv mKw {_-k - nx {_-{]-hru XXv
{]Wh lwk-k q- t{XssW h [ym\ amN-c - n.
t{]mhmN ]p\x kzbw `qhw {]Xn-Pm-\otX {_-
]pt{Xm Ejn _me-Jneymx lwk-kq-{XmWn IXn-
kw-Jym\n InbZv hm {]amWw lrZym-Zn-Xy-a-co-Nn\mw
] Z w j - h X nx N nX v k q{X {L mW ntbmx
kz\nXm {]W-hm-[mcm jUw Kpe Zim-ioXnx
hma-_m-lp ZnW ItSym-c- - -cXn lwkx ]c-
amm {_ Kply {]Imtcm \m\y{X hnZnXx
Pm\n tX arX ^eImx kh-Imew lwkw \
{]Im-iIw {]W-h-lw-km-[ym\ {]IrXnw hn\m
\ apn.
aqp ka-b- - fn- emWv lwk-ns {]m\ th-
Xv. aqp Ime-nepw aqp h-am-Wp--X.v Cu bw
An-{X-b-m-emWv sNt--Xv. aqv An-I, Bm-
hns BIr-Xn, h-bp--amb Hmm-c-am-Ip lwkw
Ch-sb-n Nnn-p-I. B-cnI b-am-Ip-p. Nn{Zq-
]-hp-amb X-bo-`-hn-p-Xv Xpcob kzcq-]a - m-Wv. AI-
p BZn-Xy-\n lwk-ns tPymXn-kz-cq-]-am-Wp-
-Xv. b-ns Cu AwKw Xs-bmWv {_k
v. AXp-sImv {_s {]m]n-p--h {]W-h-
am-Ip lwks km[\ sNt-X - p-v.
{_-]p-{X-\mb _me-Jn-ey hopw kzbw `qhn-
t\mSv tNmZn-p. ""lwk kq{X--fpsS kwJy F{X-bmWv?
AXns {]am-W- F{X-bmWv? Abvv Fmw Adn-
bm-a-tm. Zb-hp-sNbvXv ]d-p- X-c-Ww.'' AXp-tIv kzbw`q
]dp: ""lrZ-bm-Zn-Xys Inc-W- sXmqn Bdm-
Wv. Nnq-{X-{Lm-W-n kzc-k-lnXw \nK-fn-p
{]W-h[ - m-cbvv sXmqn Bdv AwKp-e-am-Wv. CSs
`pP- n-\-Spv ISn- {]-tZ-i-ns he-Xp-`m- Kv a[y-n
]c-am-m-hmb lwkw \nh-kn-p-p. Fm \nKq-V-
amb Cu hnj-b-s-n Bpw Adn-p-Iq-Sm. Aar-
XXzw e`n--hp-am-{Xta kIe ka-bhpw {]Im-ia
am-bn-cn-p lwks Adn-bm-\m-hq. {]W-ha - m-Ip
N P
577
lwks Bcn-Ia
- mbn [ym\n-msX tamw \nn- K
p-I-bn-.
\h-kq-{Xm ]cn-Nn-Xm tXy ]nbZv {_-
N-c-n. A-cm-Zn-tXy\ m\w a\p-jym-Wmw. PK-
Zm-ZntXym tcmNX CXn mXzm tXaXymx hn_p-
[m-kvX] - \
- {- ]m-\m-bp BN-cn hmP-t]bx
A[zcypx ]ip-lm Ct{m-tZ-h Xm Alnwkm
[ bmKx ]c-a-lwkx A[zmcyx ]c-am--tZ-hXm
]ip-]Xn {_tm] \nj-i-tZm-{_- . kzmym-b-
bpm {_m-Wm--c - n. Ai-A-h-ta[m alm-b-
- I Y m X {Z m m {_ - N - c y - a m- N - c - n.
Aizta[m alm-b-I - Ym b{Zmm {_-Nc - y-
am-N-c- n. kthjmw ]qthm {_-b-{Iaw
apn- {I-a -a n- X n. {_-] p{Xx tlmhmN DZntXm
lwk Ejnx kzbw `qkvXn tcmZ-t[. cpt{Zm {_tm-
]-\ n-jtZm lwk-tPymXn ]ip-]Xnx {]W-hk - vXm-
cIx k Ghw thZx
h-bp-a - mb H]Xp \qep-I-fp btm-]-
hoXw [cn-p--h\pw {_-sap Icp-Xn-s AXns\
D]m-kn-p-p. Fm Ahv A-cm-Zn-Xy-{_--s-
-n-bp m\-an-. kqcy temI-n\v {]Imiw sImSp-
pp Fp a\-n-emn Ah ip-amb _pnpw
m\-n-\p-ambn AXns\ {]mn-p-p. hmP-t]b
bw ]ip-]Xn cq]-am-Wv. AXns tZhX C{-\m-Ip-
p. Alnwk ]men-pI Hcp alm-bw Xs. CXn
]c-al- wkw F A[z-cyphpw ]c-am-mhv tZh-X-bp-am-
Wv. thZ--fnepw D]-\n-j- p-I-fnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-
p Cu {_-ss-bmWv kzmym-b-bp-c - mb
{_-m-\n-I Bcm-[n-p-X - v. Cu alm-b-s - -
-n-bp m\w Xs-bmWv Aiz-ta-[-b-w. CXns\
B{i-bnp am{Xta Chv {_-m\w BN-cn-m
km[n-q. apv kqNn-n Fm {_-b-hpw apn
\Im t]m-Xm-Wv. {_-]p-{X hopw ]dp:
""F\nv lwk hnj-b-I-amb m\w e`npIgnp''
CXp-tIv kzbw`q A{]-Xy--\m-bn. D]-\n-j-p--fn
]d-bp lwk-tPym-Xnp Xs-bmWv cp{Z. kwkm-c-
n \npw Dmcw e`n-m-\p {]Whw Xs-bmWv
]ip-]X - n-sbv ]d-bmw.
D-c-I mWvU w
1. lwkm-a
- m-en-Im-h {_-tIme {]tNm-ZnXx
]c-amm ]pam-\n-X n-{_--k-
- n-Im-c nWn
2. B[ymt {_ Iev]k
- y-B-IrXnx IoZrko
IYw-{_-
- m\ {]`m-k-ym-Imtem KXn
[oaXmw lwkmtJym tZh-am-m-Jy-am-X
- Xz {]Px-
- m-\-
IYw

I 3. Ax-{]-W-h\- m-Zm-tJym-lwkx {]Xyb t_m[Ix
A KX-{]am KqVw m\-\mfw hncm-PnXw
4. inh-i-ym-Iw cq]-Nn-b
- m-\ thZnXw
\mZ _np-Iem {XoWn-t\{Xw hniz-hn-tN-jvSn-Xw.
5. {Xnbw-K m\n inJm {XoWn Zzn{XmWmw kmwJy
amIrXnx
AKp-V-{]am lwkx {]am-Wm-nKXw _lnx
h-{_w lwk-ns P]w Xs-bm-W.v ]c-am-
mhpw ]pcp- j\pw CXp-X-s. B-m-\-m {_-
Xp-ey-\m-bn-p--hs - \-n Fp-]-db- m-\mWv? m\n-I
Ah-cpsS kabw {_-N-bnepw D]m-k-\-bnepw sNe-
h-gn-p-p. lwk-hpw Bmhpw Hm-sWv m]n--
s-- Xn- \p- tijw {]P FhnsS? B-cnI {]W-h-\m- Z-m
Adn-b-s-Sp lwkw Xs-bmWv Fm m\hpw
\Ip-X - v. B-cn-Im-\p-`q-Xn-bm _mly-m\w e`n-
p-p. inh-in cq]-nepw Nn-bm-\--s\dnb-s-
Sp-Xpw AXp-Xs \mZw, _np, Ie Fo aqp
t\{Xfm-emWv PKv tNjvS-bm-bp--ambn cnp--Xv.
aqv AwK-f - m-epw, aqp inJ-I-fmepw ctm aqtm
am{X-I-fmepw AXns BIrXn hy-am-Ip-p. Cs\
Am\w knn-p-tm \nKq-V-amb Cu B-
m-\hpw _mly-cq-]-nepw e`y-am-Ipw.
6. {_-kq-{X-]Z- w-tbw {_w hn[yp e-
Ww-l w- k m {]W-h -[ ym-\ - -a n-X yp- t- m\
kmKtc
7. GX Zznm\ amt{XW m\-km-Kc ]mcKx
kzXx-inhx ]ip-]X
- nx-kmo khky khZm
8. kthjmw Xp a\-kvtX-\-t{]-cnXw \nb-ta\ Xp
hnjtb K-Xn. {]mW-t-jvS-btX hmKzZ Xy]n
9. Npx-]i
- yXn cq]m-Wn-t{im{Xw khw irtWm-
Xy]n A\ym\n Jm\n khmWn tXss\h t{]cn-
Xm\n Xp
10. kzw kzw hnj-b-ap-n-iy-{]-ht \nc-cw
{]h-IXzw Nm]y-ky-am-bbm X kz`m-hXx
PKXv kq{X-cq-]- amb {_-m\w t\Sp- Ibpw lwk-
cq- ] n-b mb kqcys\ {]W- h - ] qw [ym\n- p-I bpw
sNWw Fv m\n-I D]- tZ-in-p-p. C-s\- bp
m\ km-Z-\-m m\ kmK-c-ns adp-I-c-bn-
se-m km[n-pw. kzbw inh\pw ]ip-]-Xnbpw Xs-
bmWv khZm kmn-cq-]-n tim`np--Xv. inh
kI-e-cp-sSbpw a\-ns\ t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw \nb-{n-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. At-l - ns {]`m-h-m a\v hnj-
b--fn-tev t]mIp-p. {]mW {]hn-p-p. hmWn
N P
578
D-cn-p t\{X- ImWp-Xpw sNhn-I tIp-
K
Xpw A\y--fmb kth-{n-b-fpw X-fpsS I-
-fn hym]-cn-p-Xpw Fmw amb-bpsS ^e-am-bn-Wv
m- .
11. t{im{X am\n Nm[ykvXw kzbw ]ip-]Xnx
]pam A\p-{]-hnky t{im{Xky ZZmXn t{im{X
Nmw inhx
12. a\x-km-\n Nm[y-kvXw-{]-hniy ]c-ta-izcx
a\kvXzw Xky k-tm-b-ZZ- mXn \b-ta\ Xp
13. k Gh hnZn-Xm-Z\y kvXssYhm hnZnXm Z]n
At\y-jm-an-{n-bmWmw Xp Iev]n-Xm-\m-a]oizcx
X-{Zp-]-a-\p-{]m]y ZZmXo \nb-ta\ Xp XX
p-hmIv ssNh-a-\-m-\ym-\n-Jm\n N
15. \ KXn kzbw tPymXn kz`mth ]c-am-\o
AIr-hn-jb {]Xy-Iv{]-Imiw kzm
ss\h Xp
16. hn\m-X {]am-Wm-`ymw-{_ tbm
thZ thZkx
{]Xyp-Kmm ]cw tPymXnambm km Xp al-ax
t{im{Xw Bm-hns\ B{i-bn-p- p. ]ip-] Xn
XsbmWv t{im{X- n {]th-inv AXn\p {ih-W-in
\Ip--Xv. a\pw Bm-hn A[y-kvXa - m-Wv. Cuiz-
c AXn {]th-inv AvhnsS \nesImv AXns\ \nb-
{nv a\kvXzw \Ip-p. CtX-{]-Imcw B Cui
Xs-bmWv kIe C{n-b--sfbpw {]hn-n-p--X.v
Fm Bfp-I Nnn-p--Xn \npw Atlw `n-
\m-Wv. Atlw Xs-bmWv kIe C{n-b-pw ZX-
\p-Iq-e--fmb cq]w sImSp-p-Xpw \nb-{n-p-X - pw.
AXp-sImv t\{Xw hmWn, a\v XpS-nb Fm C{n-
b-pw ]c-am-m-hns kzbw tPymXn cq]s {]m]n-
m km[y-a-. ]c-am-mhv Ax-I-cW - -hn-jb - --fn
\nsmw `n-\m-sWpw AXp-sImv Xhpw {]am-
Whpw IqSmsX AXns\ Xs Bm-hn Adn-bm {ian-
-Ws - apw a\-n-em-p-h
- \v ]c-am m\w e`n-
pw. Cu Bmhp Xs-bmWv ]ca {]Im-ik - z-cq-]w.
amb-bm-Is tLmc-amb Xtam-cq-]a - m-W.v
17. XYm-kXn IXw amb-kw-`hx {]Xy-Km-\n
XkvamXv X-{]-am-Wm-`yw-kzm-\n-`qXym
NNnZv Lt\
18. kz {]Im-ssk-Ikw knt-\mkvXn ambm
]cm-\n
hymh-lm-cnI ZpjvtSy-bw-hnZym hnZym \ Nm\yYm
19. Xz ZrjvSym Xp \mkvtXy hX-z-tahm kvXn
tIhew hymh-lm-cnI ZrjvSnkvXp {]Imim
hy`n-Nm-cXx

I 20. {]Imi Gh-k-XXw Xkvam-Z-ssZzX Gh
ln AssZz-X-anXn tNmn {]Im-km-\y-`n-Nm-cXx
AXp \nanw {]Xym-Km-mhpw ambbpw GIo-`-hn-
p-I-sb-Xv Hcp hn[-nepw kw`-hy-a-. AXp t]mse
ssNX\y cq]nbpw kzbw {]Im-ih - p-amb ]c-am-m-hn
amb C FXv Xw \p`q- Xn-{]-amWw Ch-bm t_m[y-
am-Ipw. hnZy-bp-sSbpw Ahn-Zy-bp-sSbpw hnj-b- hymh-
lm-cn-I-am-Wv. Ahbvv ]c-am-m-hp-ambn bmsXmcp kw_-
-hp-an-. XXz-ZrjvSym Ch-sbmw anYy-bm-Wv. tIhew
Hp am{Xta kXy-am-bn-p-q. Fmw AssZzXw Xs-bm-
sWpw AssZz-Xhpw At`-Z-am-sWpw a\-n-em-p-I.
21. {]Imi Gh kXXw Xkvam au\w
ln bpPytX
Ab-atm almbky kzb-tah {]Im-inXx
22. \ kPothm \ N {_\ Nm\y-Z]n In\
\ Xky hm hnZy-t-\m-{i-am XssYh N
23. \ Xky [tm [m \ \ntjt[m
hn[n \ NbZm {_m-Iw khw-hn-`mXn
XX Gh Xp
24. XZm ZpxJmZn t`tZm bam`mtkm ]n
\`m-k-tX.
PK-o-hmZn cqt]-W-]i - y-]n ]cm--hnXv
25. \ XXv ]iyXn Nn{Zq-]w-{_-h
- k
- vtXzh ]iyXn
[-[mnXz hmm Nt`Z kXn ln`n-Zy-tX.
Cs\ Fmw Htc Hcp {]Imiw am{Xw AXn-s\-
n Gsd ]d-bp--Xn-s\-m au\-amWv t{ijvTw. Cu
al- mb m\w kzbw knn- -h Poh-cp-] tam
{_tam at-sX- n-eptam A, Ah\v h- tfm [m-
[-tfm hn[n \ntj-[-tfm C. khw {_-ambn
ImW-s-Sp-tm ZpxJmZn-I-sfmpw A\p-`-h-s-Sp-I-bn-.
Cs\ ]c-a{- _- - m\w knn-h - tIhew Nn{Zq-]-
amb {_-s tb ImWp-I-b p- q. [- n-s bpw
[mn-I-Xz-n-sbpw hnj-bt- `-Z-ap-s-nepw AXv `n-
am-Ip-p.
26. t`Zm-t`-Z-kvXYm t`Zm-t`-Zx-km-mXv ]cm-\x
\mkv Xn-kzm- m-Xn-tc-tI-W -kz-bta
hmkvXn khZm
27. {_ssh hnZytX kmm-Xvh-kvXptXm
hkvXptX ]nN
XssYh {_ hnm\o In KrlvWmXn
Plm-XnInw
28. A[n-jvTm-\-a-\u-]-ay-a-hm-Mva-\k
- t- Km-Ncw
b-Z-t{Z-iy-a -{Km-ly-A-cq]w tKm{X-hPnXw
N P
579
29. AN-px-t{im-{X-a-Xyw XZ-]mWn ]Zw XY K
\nXyw hn`pw kh-KXw kpkqvaw N X Zhybw
30. {_ss-th-Za
- -a-hr-XXv ]pc-kvXmXv {_m-\w
]caw ssNh-]-m-Xv. {_m-\w ]caw ZntW
N {_m-\w ]caw tNm-tc-N.
Fpw hncm-Pn-p-Xv Htc Hcp ]c-am-mhv am{X-
am- W.v ap Fm t`Zhpw t`Zm- t`Z- fpw Ah- \n Xs
hym]n-n-cn-p-p. hkvXp-hmbpw Ah-kvXp-hmbpw Fs-
m-aptm AsXmw {_w Xs. Cu nXn-bn
{_-m-\n-bmb Hcp-hs\ Fns\ {Kln-m-\tam
XyPn-mt\m Ignbpw? D]- am-c-ln-X\pw hmn\pw a\-n\pw
AtKm-N-c\pw AZr-iy\pw A{Km-ly\pw AtKm-{X\pw Acq-
]\pw Aar-Xyphpw t\{X t{im{X ]mWn, ]mZ-cl - n-X\
- pw,
Ahy-b-\p-amb B {_w Xs-bmWv kh-n\pw A[n-
jvTm-\w. Ahs apnepw ]nnepw t{ijvT-amb {_m-
\w Xs. CSpw hepw B {_m-\w Xs.
31. kzm-t\yh kzbw khw kZm-]-iyXn \n`bx
XZm-aptm \ ap--_-s - skyh hnap-Xm
32. Ghw cq]m ]cm-hn-Zym-k-tXy\ X]-kmNn N
{_-Nc- ym-Zn-`n[sx e`ym-th-Zm h\m
33. kzi-cotc kzbw tPymXn kzcq]w
]c-a mnImx
oW-tZmjm {]]-iy-n-t\-Xtc ambbm hrXmx
34. Ghw kzcq-]h- n-m-\w-bky
IkymkvXn tbmKn\x
Ip{X-NnXv Ka\w \mkvXn Xky kq cq]nWx
35. BImi taIw kqw Ip{X Nnln KXn
XZv {_m-h
- nXv t{ijvTx Ip{X Nnssh
K-Xn.
C{]-Im-c-ap km[-I Fm-h-scbpw Fpw Xs
Bm-hns Dn Xs ImWp-p. Cu `mh-\m-ap-
\mb m\n am{X-a - , Am-\nbpw ap-\m-Ip-
p. Cu ]cm-hnZy kXyw X]-v, {_-Ncyw Fn-h-
bm thZm--amw aptJ\ knn-p-p. ipmx Ic-
W-mcpw oW-tZm-jam-cp-am-bn-p--hp am{Xta ]c-
am- m-hns\ ImWm km[n-q. amb-bn IpSp- n-b-hv
km[y-a-. Cs\ Xs kzcq-]-a-dnp ]q-Xt- \-Snb
tbmKnv P\-\-a-cW -
- -fn-. kh-hym-]nv Ftmpw
t]mtI--Xn-t- m. AXp-t]mse kzbw {_-ambn Icp-
Xn-bn-p--h\v Hcn-Spw htc-X - n-. t]mtI--Xp-an-.
36. A`-yky \nhr-Xym-Xp-hn-ipw
lrZbw `thXv
Blmc ipu Nn-ky-hn-ip-n `hXn kzXx

I 37. Nn-i p-u-{I-amXv m\m-{Xp-`yn
{Kbx kv^pSw
A`yw {_l-a-h n- m-\-hn-lo\
sskyh tZln\x
38. kay-Ivm-\n-\-kvXZ- zm-Xvkz-cq]w kIew Jep
Al-aw kZm-m-Z-CXn ln {_ thZ\w
39. {_-hnZv {KkXn m\m-Xvkhw {_m
ss\h Xp {_--{Xm-ZnIw khw
kymkytZmZ\w kZm
40. btkym]m-tk-N\w arXypx-kvXw-m\n
XmZrix Jep
{_-kz-cq] hnm-\m-XvP-KXv t`mPyw
`thXv Jep
Blm-c-n A`-y-am-bn-p-Xv ssIsh-Sn-m
a\v ip-am-bn-o-cp-p. Blm-c-ipn Nn ipnv
Imc-W-am-W.v Nnw ip-am-bm m\w e`n-pw. {_-
m-\-lo-\t `ym-`-ym-hn-Nmcw thq. ImcWw
kay-Ivm-\n-bpsS kzcq]w Am-\n-sb-tmse t`Z-
m-\-bp-a -
- . `n-p--h Rm\mWv; `yhpw
Rm\m-W,v Fv m\n--dn-bmw. Fm {_-m\n
khw {_-a-b-ambn ImWp-p. AXp-sImv {_m-W-
-{Xn-bmZn `mh\ Xs Ahs t`mP-\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
arXyp-hns\ Blm-c-am-bn--cp-Xp {_- A-
s\-Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. Cu ka-kvX-P-Kpw Ah\v
t`mP-\a- m- W.v
41. PK-Zm-X
- bm `mXn bZm-t`mPyw `th-Zm
{_-kzm-X - bm \nXyw `nXw kIew XZm
42. bZm-`m-tk\ cqt]-W-PK
- Zv t`mPyw `th-XX
- Xv
am\Xx kzm\m `mXw `nXw `hXn {[phw
1 {]W-thm-]-\n-jv
Hmw kl-\m-h-hXp kl\u
`p\p kl-hocyw Ic-hm-hssl
tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXp am hnZzn
N P
580
43. kzkz-cq]w kzbw `pMvt \mkvXn K
t`mPyw ]rYIv kzXx
AkvXn tNmZ-kvanXm cq]w {_ss
hmkvXnXz e-Ww
44. AkvXnXm eWm km-km
{_ \ Nm]c
\mkvXn km-Xntc tIW-\mkvXn ambm
N hkvXpXx
45. tbmKn\m am-\n-jvSm-\mw-ambm
kzm\n Iev]nXw
kmn kv]Xbm `mXn {_-m-t\-\_ - m-[nX
46. {_-hn-m\ kx {]Xo-Xa - -Jew PKZv
]iy ]nkZm ss\h-]-iyXn kzm\x
]rYIv CXyp-]-\n-j-v.
B-cq-]-n PK-ns\ A\p-`-hn-ptm AXv
t`mPy-am-bn-o-cp-p. B-cq-]-n {_w Ftmgpw
`n- p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Bcp-sS B`m-k-am-{X-am-bm Cu
PKv t`mPy-am-bn-o-cp-p; Ftm Cu B-cq]w
hnZn-X-am-Ip-p, Atm kI-eXpw {_-m `n-
-s-Sp-p. Cs\ {_w kzkz-cq-]-s-s `n-
p-p. Fs-m `mPy ]Zmw AXn\npw `n-
a-. AXp-t]mse AXv AkvXn-Xz-cq-]-am-sW-nepw {_w
Xs. {_-an-msX Hn\pw AkvXn-Xz-an-. k-bpsS
eWw AkvXn-Xz-am-Wv. k {_-n \npw `-
a-. {_-a-msX asmcp k-bn-. amb-bn\nv Hcp
bYm hkvXphpw Dm-Ip-n-. tbmKn-I X-fpsS
Bm-hns\bmWv amb-bmbn k-ev]n- p--Xv. {_-m-
\-_m-[n-Xa - mbn AXv Ahv kmn-cq-]-n `mkn-
p-p. Cs\ {_-m-\m-\p-`qXn ssIh m\n
Hcp ]t PK-ns\ Xs apn Imepw AXns\
Xn \nv hn`n-a - mbn Nnn-p-n-.
]mip- ]X
- {- _-tm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
jm hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w R cp t]scbpw cn-p-am-dm-I-
s. Rsf ]cn-]m-en-s
- , R Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I
 581

I t\StW, R-fpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-ItW. R 5. bPpth-Zw, BIm-iw, Zn-Wm-n, tZh-t{i-jvT-\mb K

At\ym\yw hntZzjw ]pe m-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw `K-hm hnjvWp-hns kzcq]w Ch "D' Imc-n AS-
imnx imnx imnx p-p.
1. ]pc-kvXmXv {_-W-kvXky 6. kma-thZw, kzw, Bl-h-\o-bm-n, ]c-ta-iz-c, Ch-
hnjvt Wm-c -Zv`p-X -IWx cpsS kzcq]w aIm-c-n AS-p-p.
clkyw {_ hnZymbmx 7. kqcy-a-WvU-e-am-`mXn
LrXmnw kw{]-N - tX lyIm-c-{ a[yKx
2. Hman-tXy-Im-cw {_ DIm-{ km-i
bZpw {_-hm-Zn`nx kvXky at[y hyh-nXx
icocw Xky hyman 8. aIm-c
- mn kmtim
m\w Ime-{Xbw XYm hn[qtXm hnZyp-tXm-]aw
3. X{X tZhm-kv{Xbx t{]mm Xnt{km am{Xm-kvXY - m-tbm
temIm thZm-kv{X-tbm-bx tkma kqcym-n-tX-Pkx
Xnt{km am{Xm-am{Xm N 9. inJm N Zo] kmim
{]Xy-ky inhky XXv bkvanwkvXp ]cn-htX
4. EtKztZm Kml-]Xyw N A-am{Xw XYm-tbm
]rYnho {_ Gh N {]W-h-tkym-]cn nXm
AIm-cky icocw Xp 10. \mkmZn kqcy kmiw
hymJymXw {_ hmZn`nx kqcyw lnXzm XYm-]cw
5. bp thtZm-c - ow N 11. Zznk-]vXXn kl-{kmWn
Zn-am-n-kvXs
- sYh N \mUn `n kzm Xp aq\n
hnjvWp `K-hm tZhx hcZw kh-`q-Xm\mw
DImcx ]cn-IonXzx khw hymss]yh XnjvTXn
6. kma-th-Zk
- vX-Ym-Zyu 12. Imwky Lm-\n-\m-Zx-kymXv
Bl-h-\o-b-kvXs - sYh N bZm en]yXn imtb
Cuizcx ]ctam tZthm Hmm-ckvXp XYm tbmPyx
aImcx ]cn-Ion-X. {ipXtb kh-an--Xn.
1. B A`p-XI - -\mb hnjvWp-hns\ kw_-n 13. bkvan k eob-tX-i_vZ
{_-hn-Zym-]-c-amb clkyw ChnsS ]d-bm XpS-p-p. kvXXv ]cw {_ KobtX
2. {_-th-Zn-I-fmb m\n-I Hmw F GIm-bn-cs tkmarXXzmb Iev]tX
{_-sav ]d-n-p-.v AXns ico-cw, m\w, Ime- tkmar-X-Xzmb Iev]tX
{Xbw Ch \ncq-]Ww sN-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
79. AtXm-sSmw "A' F Acw N{ aWvU-e-
3. B Hmm-c-n aqp tZh-m, aqp temIw, aqp ns kao]w \ne-sIm-p--Xm-Wv. kqcy-a-WvU- e- ns
thZ-, aqv An-I Ch Dsmpp-v. AtXm- kzcq-]-hp-am-W.v N{-kz-cq- ]-amb DIm-cw. Cu Hmm-c-ns
sSmw aqp am{X-Ifpw Hcp A-am-{Xbpw AXn a[y-n \ne sImpp. AXp-t]mse An kzcq-
tNn-cn-p-p. AXv ]c-a-in-hX
- z-ns {]Xo-I-am-Wv. ]hpw (B An-bn ]pIsbXn-) an t]mse
4. EtKz-Zw, Kml-]X - ym-n, ]rYn-hn, Cu aqv A- {]Im-in-p--Xp-amb "a' Imcw nXn sNp-p. Ahsb
n Hmm-c - nse BZym- -c-a mb AIm-c - n N{, kqcy, An Cu aqp am{X-I-sfpw a\-n-
Dsm-p-p-shv {_-hm-Zn-I hy-am-n-bn-p-v. em-p-I. Zo]-in-J-sb-t- ]mse CXnepw inJ-bp-v. AXv
AIm-cD- -Im-c-a-Im-c
- tNmWv Hmmcw cq]-s-n-p- Hmm-c-ns Ah-km-\`- m-K - p A-am-{X-bm-Wv.
-Xv. 10-11 cm-a-sXv Xmac hfbw t]mse Zriy-am-\-am-Wv.

N P

I AXv \mkm-c-{-n \nv tXtPm-ab- -amb kqcy-a-WvU-
es t`Znv Fgp-] - o-cm-bncw \mUn-Ip apI-fn
kIe Pohn-Ipw hc-Zm\w \Ip-amdp \ne-sIm-p-
p. 12. apapp tam-tm-S-Sp-p-tm Hmp-a-Wn-bn
\ns-t- ]mse Hcp i_vZw apg-p-p. Cu Hmm-c-n\v
AXp-t]m-se-sbmcp kzcq-]-am-sWv a\-n-em-p-I. AXv
1 {]mWm- n- t lm- t {Xm- ] - \ n- j v
3
imn-]mTw
Hmw kl-\ m-h -hXp kl \u `p\p kl
hocyw Ic- h m-h ssl tXPkzn \mh-[ o- X - akvX p
amhn-Zzn-j m-hssl
]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw cn--s. AXv
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv PohnXw aptmp \bn-m-\n-
S-h-c-s. R Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\Sm-\n-S-hc
- -s. R-
fpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kzn-bm-Is - . R At\ym\yw
tZzjn-m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn--s.
1. AYmXx kthm-]-\n,-mcw kwkm-c-m-\m-
XoXw A-kq{Xw imcocw bw hymJym-kymax.
Akvan-t-h-] p-cp-j-i -cotc hn\m-]y- n-tlm-t{XW
hn\m]n kmwJy-tbm-tK-\-k w-k m-c -h n-ap- n `h-
XoXn tkz\ hn[n\m Aw `Du-WHu \C-n]y
bm Huj[ox tkma cmo-cnXn Xnkr-`n-c--]X
CXn Zzm`ymw A\p-a-{-btX bmx Huj-[bx tkma-
cm- o_lzox iX-h n-N - Wmx _rl-k v] Xnx
{]kvXmx t\m ap Xzw lwkx
A\-cw kIe D]-\n-j-p-I-fp-sSbpw kmc-`q-Xhpw
kmwkm-cn-I - m-\m-Xo-Xhpw A- kq-{Xhpw Bb imco-cn-
I-b - -s - n ]d-b p- p. Cu ]pcp-j s icocw
Adnp Ign-m Antlm{X-hn[n Ah-cpsS hn[n-b-
\p-k-cnv `qan-bn \nn thZn-bn ]-dn tN
Aw \nt-]nv aqe-n kqNn-n aqp a{-
sImpw A-]tX XpS-nb cp a{- sImavSpw
A`n-a-{n--Ww. {ItaW ta]- d ctm aqtm Ep-
I sImv AXm-bXv _rl-k] v Xn {]kq-X--fmb Huj-
[n-I \t ]m]-ap--cm-- s. Fw hcp B a{-
-fm ]qX- am--Ww.
N P
582
K
thZ-kz-cq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv tIm kI-e-cp-am-{K-ln-p-
p. 13. bmsXm-cp-h\ - n Cu Hmm-c-i_vZw eo\-am-bn-cn-
p-p. Abmsf {_-sav ]d-bmw. Abm Aar-X-Xz-
{]m-]Xv n-l-\mWv F Imcy-n kwi-b-n-\-h-Im-
i-an-.
{]W-thm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
2. bm ^en\ox bm A^em A]pjv]m bm-]p-
jv]nWox _rl kv]Xn {]kq-XmkvXm t\m ap
Xzw lkx
^e-ap-Xpw ^e-an-m-Xpw ]qhp-Xpw ]q-fn-m-
Xpw _rl-kv]Xn {]kq-X-hp-amb Huj-[n-I \s ]m]-
ap- -cm-- s.
3. Pohemw \hm-cnjmw am tX _[v\m-tay-j-[nw-
bmX Bbp-cp-]-lc
- m-Z] cmwkn ]mX-bmXv
4. A-]tX Aky t\ln Zzn]-tZ--Xp-jv]tZ
5. bZ--aZv`nx _lp[m hncmw cpss{Zx {]PKv[w
bZn hm -] n-i mssNx khw XZo-i mt\m A`bw
IrtWmXp inh-ao-im-\mb kzmlm
Poh-emw... Fp XpS-nb a{-mepw A-]tX
F a{- mepw A`n-t jIw sN- W w. apI- f n
sImSp Ap a{- sImv ]n- n Pe-m
A`n-tjIw sNpI. a{w sNmn Aw kv]inv heXp-
ssI-bn Pe-sa-Spv a{-]qhw t{]mWw sNp-I.
6. A- -c kn `qtXjp Kplmbmw hniztXm
apJx Xzw bkvX zw {_m Xzw cp{Z kvX zw
hnjvW pkvX zw hj-S vImc Bt]m tPymXn-c tkm
AarXw {_ `q`phx kphtcmw \ax
kh-hym-]n-bmbn \o Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-K-lz-c-n
nXn sNp-p. \o Xs bw, \o Xs {_m-hv,
\o Xs cp{Z, \o Xs hnjvWp, \o Xs hj-SvIm-
chpw Pehpw tPymXpw ckhpw Aar-Xhpw {_hpw
`q`phx kzx \n\v \a-kvIm-cw.

I 7. B]x ]q\p ]rYnhow ]rYnho ]qXm-] p-
\mXp amw ]p\p {_- W -k v] - X n{_- -] qXm
]p\mXp amw bZp-n--a-t`mPyw bZzm Zp-cnXw aa
khw ]p\p Xw lymt]m f kXmw N {]Xn
{Klw Aar- X - a - k y- a r- t Xm- ] - k v X - c - W - a - k y- a rXw
{]mtW Pptlm-X y-am-in-jymtm f kn {]mWmb
kzmlm. A]m-\ mb kzmlmw, hym\mb kzmlm
kam-\mb kzmlm, DZm-\mb kzmlm, CXn I\n-jvTn-
Imw-Kpeym AwKp-jvtT\ N {]mtW Pptlm-an, A\m-
an-I bm A]mt\ a[y-abm hymt\\ khm-` n-c p-
Zmt\ {]tZ-in\ym kamt\.
Peta \o ]rYn-hnsb ip-am- p- I. ]cn-ip-- am- -s b-]-cn-hrX Blp Xo tlma-bXn tkzi-cotc
]rYnhn Fs ]cn-ip--\m--s. {_-W-kv]-Xnbpw ]cn- bw ]cn-h-bm-aoXn
ip--\m--s. {_-`q-X- amb ]rYnhn Fs ]p\o-X-\m--
s. Dn-hpw A`-yhpw Zpn-X-hp-am-bn-p Fs
kh-kz- sbpw Pew ]cn- ip-- am--s. Fs ]m]w AI-
se-bm- - s. Cs\ t{]mWw sNbvXv cp XhW A`n-
tjIw \Sn CXp ssIsImv thZn sXmv he-Xp-ssI-bn-
se-Spv Aar-X-a-kvX-Xz-ar-tXm-]-kvX-c-Wa
- kn Fp-c
- nv
AXv ]m\w sNbvXv AarX {]mtW tlmay-am-in-jy-tmkn
Fv ]dv AarX {]mtW tlmay- am-kn-jy-tmkn Fv
]dv AarX Xpeyhpw tlma-tbm-Ky-hp-amb hkvXp \o
Bkz-Zn-n-p-sp IcpXn {]mW-\n BlpXn sNp-I.
{]B-W A]m-\, DZm-\, kam-\, hym\ XpS-n-
b-h Cu Blp-Xn-Isf {]m]n--s. {_-n Fs
Bmhv Aar-XXzw Bkz-Zn--s.
sNdp-hn-c X-hn-c Ch-bm {]mW-\nepw tamXn-
c-hn-c A]m-\-\nepw \Sp-hn-c sImv DZm-\-\ nepw
NqmWn hnc-em kam-\-\nepw BlpXn sNp--Xmbn
k-ev]n--Ww.
8. XqjvWn-ta-Im-taI Ejm PqtlmXn tZz Bl
h\otb GImw Zn-Wmu GImw Km l]tXy
GImw kh-{]m-b - n- ntb AYm- ] n-[ m-\ - aky
arX-Xzm-tbm] kv]riy ]q\-cm-Zmb ]p\-cp-]-kv]r-
tiXv kthy {]mWm-hmt]m KrloXzm lrZ-b-a-\zm-
e`y Pt]-Xv. {]mtWm f n ]c-amm ]-hm-bp-
`n-cm-hrXx A`bw kh `qtXt`ymx \ `th-Zlw
IZm-N-t\-X n.
au\n- bmbn Hcp BlpXn {]3-Wmb kzmlm F Ep
sImpw A]m-\mb kzmlm Fv Cu cv Bl-h-\o-b-
nepw Hv Zn-Wm-n-bnepw Hv Kml-Xym-n-bnepw
Hv kh-{]m-b-n-m-n-bnepw tlman--Ww. Cs\
Av Blp-Xn-Iv tijw \nb-am-\p-kmcw BlpXn
inw `nv AY ]pc-kX v mZv tlm]-cn-m AZv`nx ]cn-Z-
[mXn C {ipXn-b-\p-i-cnv A`n-[m\ kzcq]w Aar-X-n\v
kv]inv {Klnv lrZ-b-n-\-Spv ssIshv P]n-p-I.
An apJy-{]m-W Xs-bmWv F\nv {]mWn-I-fn
N P
583
\nv A`bw XcWw F\nv Hcn-epw Ah-bn \nv K
`bw Dm-Im-\n-S-bm-I-cp-Xv.
cmw Jw
1. hntizm f kn sshizm-\tcm hniz-cq]w Xzbm-
[m-cytX Pmb-am\w hnizw kzmlp-Xbx khm b{X-
{_m AartXm f kn alm-\thm Zbw ]pcptjm
tbm AwKp-j vT t{K {]Xn-j vT nXx XaZv`nx {]Xn-jn-
man tkm f kymt AarXm bmhr- X tbm f
\mhn- tXyjm Ghm- m. [ymbtX f ntlm{Xw
Pqtlm- aoXn kth- j m-t ah kp\n`- h Xn AY
apJy-amb {]mW, hrn-sbp ka-n-sbp D]m-[n-
t`-Z-m \o Xs- bmWv hnssiz-iz-\-c \o Xs hniz-
cq-]s [cn-p-p. {_m-hrX kzcq-]-n \nn
\npw Dm-bn-p hnizw Xpco-bm-n-bn kIe Blp-
Xn-I-tfm-Sp- samw hne-bn-p-p. _mlym-mhv tNm-hn-ti-
j-sf sImv Cuh [ym\n--Ww. Cu ]pcp-j Znh-
khpw {]mWmn tlmaw sNp- p. ImcWw ]c- am-m- hmb
\ns kI-ecpw ]p{X-s\-tmse kwc-n-p-p. AXp-
sImv \o kI-e-cp- sSbpw ]p{X- \m-Wv. \o \ns Cu temIm-
lp-Xn-Isf tlman-p-p. kzw ico-c-n bs
]cn-h\w sNp-p.
2. NXzmtcm f bkvtX Inw \ma-t[bmx X{X
kqtcym- n \mw kqcy-a- -em-IrXnx kl {k
civan ]cn-hrXx GIjn`qXzm aq[v\n XnjvTXn
bkva m- Zpx
ico-c-n AXyw kqva--fmb \mev \nhr-Xy-
n-I- fpv Ah-sbmw A-am-{X- I am{X-am-Wv. Cu \mev
An-Ifnepw kqcymn Fp t]cp kqcy-a--em-Ir-
Xn-bn-ep An Gsd tXP-p Bbncw civan-I-tfmSp
IqSnb hym]-I-cq-]t- msS inc-n nXn sNp-p.
3. Zi-\ m- n \ma NXp-cm-I r-X n-cm-l -h-\ otbm
`qXzm aptJ XnjvT-Xn. ico tcm f n \ma Pcm-
{h-Wp-Zm-l-hn-c-h-kvI-Xn A N{m-IrXn Zmn-
W-B-L-A\ - -Cd- A
- -R-`qXzm lrZtb XnjvTXn X{X
tImjvTm-n \mam-inXx ]oX-eo-V-Jm-Zn-Xm\n kay-
Kvhyymw {i]-bnXzm Kml-]tXym `qXzm \m`ymw
Xnjv T - X n. {]mb- n- - b - k v X z- [ - k v X m- n- c y- I v
Xnt{km lnamwipx {]`m`nx {]P-\-\-Im
Pohm-mhv kh--\mb Cuiz-cs cq]-n
ImW-s- Sp-p. Am-c- W-m AXns\ Zi-\mn Fv
]d-bp-p. AXv _oPw hncmSv apX-emb \mev BIr-Xn-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Snb Bl-h-\o-bm-n-bmbn apJv nXn sNp-p.
qe-i-co-cs Zln-n-p ico-cmn qe-i-co-cs
 584

I B{i-bn-n-cn-p Pcm-Zn-I-fm oWnp t]mIpw. AXv kymm bP-am\x _pnx ]Xv\o thZx alXznPx K
qe-{]-]--am-Ip lh-ns\ {Kkn-p- p. AXv A- Alw Im tcm f [zcypx Nnw tlmXm {]mtWm
N-{m-Ir-Xn-bp Zn- Wm-n-bmbn Fm Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw {_-W - wkn A]m\x {]Xn {]mXm hym\x
lrZ-b - n nXn sNp-p. tImjvTmn `n-Xpw {]kv t XmXm kamt\m ssa{Xm hcpWx DZm\x
IpSn-Xpw Bkz-Zn--Xp-amb Fm hkvXp--sfbpw \- DZvKmXm icocw thZnx \mknIm D-c-thZnx aq[m-
t]mse ]Nn-nv Kml-]-Xy-cq-]-n \m`n-m-\v \ne- t{Zm-W-I-eix ]mtZm cYwx ZnW lkvXx {kphx
sIm-p-p. lntm-]m[n kzc-Iq-]-ambn hncSv apX-em-b- khy-l kv X x BPy- meo t{imt{X B[mcu
hp Xmsg-bmbn {]Xn-jT v n-X-amb Pm{K-z-]v\-kp-jp-]vXm- Npjo BPy-` m-Ku, {Kohm [mcm-t]mXx Xm-
h- m- {]-Im-in-X-amb Nn{Zq-]-amb N{ Fm-n\pw {]`p- {XmWn kZkymx alm-` q-X m\n {]bmPx `qXm\y
hm-W.v kI-e-Xn-sbpw {]P-\\ - -Im-hp-am-W.v \pbmPmx Pnlzm CUm ZtmjvTu kq{X-hmIx
Xmep kpbp-]mIx kvarXn Zbm, mn-c-lnw-km,
aqmw Jw ]Xv\ o kwtbmPm Hmm-tcm-bp]x Bim cibm
1. Aky ico-c-b-ky bp]-ci - -\m-tim-`n-Xky at\m cYx Imax ]ipx tImimx Z`mx _p[o-{ n-
Xky tIm bP-am\x Im ]Xv\o tI EXznPx tIk- bmWn b-]m-{XmWn It-{n-bmWn lhowjn
Zkymx Im\n b-]m-{XmWn Im\n lhowjn Im Alnwkm Cbx XymtKm ZnW Ah-`rYx ac-
thZnx tIm-c-thZnx tIm t{ZmW Ieix tImcYx WmXv khm-l y-kvan tZh-X m-i-cotc \nx kam-
Ix ]ipx tIm f [zcypx tIm tlmXm tIm {_m- lnXm hmcW kymw artXm hm]n Camw hm
tWm-w-ko, Ix {]Xn {]mXm Ix {]kvtXmtXm {_bx ]tcXv GtI\ P\m Pptamw
tIm ssa{X-h-cpWx I DZvKmXm Im [mcm-t]mXm {]m]v\p bmZnXn tamw N {]m]v\p-bm-Zn-Xyp-]-\n-
tI Z`mx Ix {kphx ImPy-m-eo, Imhm-[m-c m, j- v.
Imhm- P y- ` mKu tI {] bm- P mtI A \ p- b mPm Bm-hmWv ico-c-b --ns bP-am-\ _pn
tIUmIx kq- h mIx Im iwbp- h mIx Im f ]Xv\nbpw thZ- alm-m-cmb EXzn-p-Ifpw Al-m-c-
lnwkm, tI ]Xv\o kwbmPmx tIm bp]x Im ci\m XXzw A[z-cyphpw Nnw tlmXmhpw {]mW {_-W-
Im Cb Im ZnWm Inw Ah-`r-Ya - n-Xn. w-knbpw A]m- \ {]Xn-{]-kvtXm-Xmhpw hym\ {]kvtXm-
bq]-c-i-\m-tim-`n-X- amb Cu ico-c-b-- ns bP- Xmhpw DZm-\ DZvKm-Xmhpw kam-\ ssa{X-h-cp-W-mcpw
am-\-\mcv? ]Xv\n EXzn-p-I kZ-ky-m Ch BcmWv? icocw thZnbpw \mknI Ath-Znbpw incv t{ZmtW-
b-]m-{X- GsXmw? lhn-p-I-sf-smw? thZn I-e-ihpw ]mZw cYhpw he-XpssI {kphhpw CS-pssI
GXv? D-c-th-Zn-tbXv? GXmWv t{ZmW-Iiw? FmWv LrX-]m-{Xhpw Iw B[m-chpw Iv BPy-`m-Khpw
cYw? GXmWv ]ip? BcmWv A[zcyq? BcmWv tlmXmhv? Igpv [mcbpw Ap Xm-{X-I tlmXmhpw ]-a-lm-
BcmWv {]kvtXm- Xmhv? BcmWv ssa{X- h-cp-W-m? BcmWv `q-X- kZ-kycpw KpWw {]bm- Phpw A\p- bm-Phpw \mv
[mcm-t]mXm? FmWv Z`? FmWv {kphw? FmWv CUbpw ]pw Nppw kq-hmpw Xmep-iw-tbmhm-
LrX-]m{Xw? Fm-Wm- [mcw? Fm-Wm-Py-`mKw? FmWv Ihpw kvarXn-Zm-bbpw imn Alnw- kbpw ]Xv\n kwbm-
{]tbmPw? GXmWv hmv? FmWv Alnwk? BcmWv Phpw HmImcw kvXw`hpw Bi-c- i-\bpw a\v cYhpw Imaw
]Xv\n kwtbmPw? FmWv bp]w? FmWv ci\? ]iphpw Imew Z`- Ifpw _po- {n- b- b- ]m- {X-fpw
FmWv Cn-I? FmWv ZnW? FmWv Ah-`r-Y- It-{n-b- lhnpw Alnwk Cn-Ibpw XymKw
kv\m\? Zn-Wbpw arXyp Ah `rK-k\ v m-\-hp-am-Ip-p. Imin-bn
shv ico-c-\miw kw`-hn-p-Itbm CXv ]Sn-p-Itbm
\memw Jw sNbvXm Htc Hcp Pw sImp Xs Abmv Nn-
ip-n-I-c-amb m\hpw tamhpw e`n-pw.
Aky icoc bky bp]-c-i\m tim`nX
{]mWm-n-tlm-t{Xm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-

N P

I K
1 _rlvhy-tNm-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw
Hmw hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta hmNn
{]Xn-jvTn-X-am-hn-cm-hoa G[n thZky h
BWokyx {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-c-t\-\m-[ntX
\mtlm-cm-{Xm-w-Z[ - man EXw hZn-jyman I kXyw
hZn-jyman I Xm-a-hXp I XZv hm-c-a-hXp I
AhXp amw AhXp hm-c-a-hXp hmcw Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
Fs hmv a\-n nc-a m-bn-cn--s. a\v
hmn nc-am-bn-cn--s. kzbw {]Im-im-m-th, Fs
apn Av {]Xy--am-I-W-ta. hmMva-\-p-Isf \n-
Fs thZ-m\nm-[m-ca - m-Wv. AXn-\m Fs
thZm-[ym-b\w \in-n--cp-Xv. Cu A[y-b-\-n Xs-
bmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Nne-h-gn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Rm EXw ]dbpw kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn- p-I. hm-
hns\ cn-p-I. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Hmw tZho ln GIm{K AkoXv sskh PK-Z-
-a-kr-PXv Ima-teXn hnm-btX irwKm-c -I-
teXn hnm-btX Xkym Gh {_m APo-P -
\Xv hnjvWp-c-Po-P-\Xv cpt{Zm-Po-P-\Xv kth acpZv
KWm APo-P-\Xv Khm-]vk-ckx Inw\cm hmZn-
X3-hm-Zn\x ka-m-Z-Po-P-\ t`mKy-a-Po-P-\Xv kh-
a- P o- \ - \ Xv khw- i m aPo- P - \ Xv A Pw
tkzZPw DZv`nPw Pcm-bpPw bXv Inw ssNXXv {]mWn-
m-h-c-Pw-Kaw a\p-jy-a-Po-P-\ -X v.
tZhn G-hp-amZyw P\n-p. tZhn Xs PK-Z-s
krnp, tZhn-Xs Ima-I-e, irwKmc Ie-sbp {_-
mhpw hnjvWphpw cp{Z\pw P\n-p. tZhn-bn \npw
{]kn-n-bmn-Xpw tZhn-X-s. tZhn-bn \nv kh-
a-cp-p-fpw Kh-mcpw A]vk-c-kp-Ifpw In-c-
mcpw P\n-p. tZhn Xs-bmWv Fm t`mKkma-{Kn-
Ipw Imc-W-`q-X-bm-bn-p-Xv Fmw tZhn-bm krn-
-s-p. A-Pw, tkzZ-Pw, DZv`n-Pw, Pcm-bp-Pw, ssNX-
\y-h-mb ka-kvX{- ]m-Wn-hw, mh-c-Pw-Ka hyqlw,
a\p-jy-hw Fm-w tZhn P\n-n-p.
2. sskjm A]cm inx sskjm imw`-hn-hn-
Zym, ImZn-hn-tZyXn hm, lmZn-h n-tZyXn hm, kmZn
hntZyXn hm, clkyw Hmtamw hmNn {]Xn-j vTm.
sskh ]pc-{Xbw ico-c-{Xbw hym]y _ln-c--c-
N P
585
h-`m-h-k-bo tZi-Im-eh- kvXp A{\-kw-Km alm-
{Xn-]p-c-kp-co ssh {]XyIv NnXnx
tZhn-sb--s -bmWv A]-cm-i-n-sbp imw`ho
hnZy-sbp clkyw cq]nWn Fpw ]d-bp--Xv. tZhn
Xs-bmWv {]W- hs {]Xn- ]m-Zn- p A- c- X- Xzw, {]W-
h-kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw Fm ]mWn-I-sfbpw hmn HXp-n-
b-hfpw tZhn-X-s. tZhn Xs-bmWv Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-
jy-]vXy--I-amb aqv Ah--bnepw qew kqvaw
ImcWw Fo icoc {Xb-nepw hym]nv Ahsb {]Im-
in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. tZiw Imew hkvXp Fn-h-
bpsS koa-bvp-n hkn-p-p. alm-{Xn-]p-c-kp--cn-
bmb tZhn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw ssNX\yw Acp-fp-p.
3. sskhmm XtXm f \yZk-Xy-a-\ mm AX
Gj {_-kw-hn-n`m-hm-`m-h-Iem hn\napm
NnZznZym AZzn-Xo-b-{_--kw-hnnx kn-Zm-\ el-
co, alm-{Xn-]p-ck
- p--co, _ln-c--c-\p-{]-hniy kzb-
ta-ssIh hn`mXn bZkvXn km{Xw bZv hn`mXn
Nnm{Xw bXv {]nb-am-\ w XtZ-XXv khm-Imcm
alm-{Xn-]p-c -kp- co Xzw Nlw N khw hnizw
kh tZhXm CX-cXv khw alm {Xn]pc kpco
kXy- t aIw efn- X mJyw hkv X pXZ- Z zn- X o- b - a - J -
mw ]cw-{_-.
tZhnsb Xs-bmWv Bm-shv ]d-bp--Xv. tZhn
HgnsI Fmw Ak-Xyhpw A\m--hp-am-Wv. tZhn ]c-{_-
m-I t_m[w \nn-p hnZym-i-n-bm-Wv. tZhn
{_-m\w \evIp-p. tZhn kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]n-Wn-bm-
Wv. tZhn Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-sbpw Dnepw ]pdpw hym]n-
n-cn- p- p. tZhn-bpsS AkvXn `mXn {]nb Fo aqp cq]-
epw kn-Zm-\--{]-t_m-[-Ia- m-Ip-p. Cs\ {Xn]p-c- kp-
-co-tZhn ka-kvX--e] - -Zm--fnepw A[n-jT
v n-X-bm-bn-
cn-p-p. \obpw Rm\pw tZh-mcpw kIe {]]-hpw
tij\pw Fmw tZhn XsbmWv. tZhn Xs efn- X- am- {Xw,
kXyw tZhn Xs-bmWv ]c-{_-w tZhn-X-s- bm-Wv.
4. ]-cq] ]cn-Xym-Km
Zkz-cq] {]lm-WXx I
A[n-jvTm\mw ]cw XXz
taIw kn-jytX alXv II
AkvXn, `mXn, {]nbw, \maw, cq]w Fo Ap-cq-]-
-sfbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-Ibpw kzkz-cq-]s shSnbmXn-cn-
p-Ibpw sNbvXm ]ns Ah-ti- jn- p ksb ]c-
a-X-Xz-sav ]d-bp-p.

I 5. {]m\w {_t-Xnhm Alw {_m-kvaoXn
hm `mjytX Xz-a-ko-tXyh kw`m-jy-tX. Ab-
amm {_tXn hm {_ss-hm-l-a-kvaoXn hm tb
f l akv a oXn hm tkm f lakv a nXn hm bm
`mjytX sskjm tjmUio {iohnZym ]-Zi - m-
co {ioa-lm-{Xn-]p-c-kp-co _memw-_nt-tIX _K-
te-Xnhm am XwKoXn kzbw-h-c-I-eym-WoXn `ph-t\-
iz-coXn Nmap-t-Xn, Nt-Xn, hmcm-lo-Xn, Xnc-
kvI -c-WoXn cmP-am-Xmw-Ko-Xn, ipI-i ym-a-tfXn hm,
eLp-iym-a-tfXn hm, Aizm-cq-tVXn hm, {]Y-A-b-
B-L-C-dB [qam-hXn kmhn-{Xo, kc-kzXo {_m-
\- - I - t e- X n, EtNm Atc ]cta thyma
bkvan tZhm A[n-hntiz \ntjZpx bkvX thZ
InarNm Icn-jyXn b C-Zzn-ZpkvX Cta kam-ktX
CXyp-] -\ n-j Xv.
{]m\w Xs-bmWv {_w, Rm Xs {_w
1 {_-_np]-\n-jv
imna{w
Hmw. k l \ mh h X p . k l \ u`p \ p .
klhocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\mh[oXa
kvXp. am hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx.
]c{_w R cpt]scbpw cnpamdmIs.
R Hcpanv PohnXn aptmv t]mIpamdmIs.
Hcpanv PohnXn aptmp t]mIpamdmIs. Hcpanv
DukzeX t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w tXtPmab
amIs. R At\ym\yw hntZzjw hlnm CSbmIm
Xncns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. at\m \n Zznhn[w t{]mw ipw Nmiptah N
Aipw Imakev]w ipw ImahnhnXw
2. a\ Gh a\pjymWmw ImcWw
_ tamtbmx
_mb hnjbmkw apssy \nhnjbw
kva rXw
N P
586
Fo alm-Im-hy--fm B ]ca XXzw hy-am--s-Sp-
K
p. AXv, \o, Rm, Fsmw ]d-bp-tm AXn-s\--
s- bmWv \mw {]I-S-am- p- -Xv. AXv GXmtWm AXp Xs
Rm. AXpw Rm Xs. {_hpw Rm Xs.
Bmhpw {_-am-Wv. ]Xn-\v Acw tN B
tZhnv _memw-_n-I, _K-f, amXw-Kn, kzbw-h-c-Ie - ym-Wn,
`ph-t\-iz-cn, Nmap- n, N, hmcm-lo, Xnc-kI v -cn-Wo, cmP-
am-Xw-Kn, ipI-iym-a-f, eLp-iym-a-f, Aizm-cq-V, {]Xyw-Kn-
c, [qam-h-Xn, kmhn- {Xn, kc- kz-Xn, {_m-\--Ie Fo \ma-
-fp-v. Ahn-\m-in-bmb BIm-i-n kI-et- Z-h-mcpw
\nh-kn-p-p. B ]c-am-Im-i-n EXp-fpw A[n-h-kn-
p- p. B ]c- am- Im- i-s- n th t]mse [cn- m {ian-
mh\v tIhew Ep-I ]Tn-p-Xp sImv Hcp
{]tbm-P-\-hp-an-. AXv icnv a\-n-em-p--h\v am{Xta
]c-am-Im-i-n imiz-X-\n-hmkw e`n-p-Ib - p-q.
_lvhrtNm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
3. btXm\nhnjb kymky a\tkmapn
cnjytX
Xkva mnhnjbw \nXyw a\x Imcyw
apappWm
4. \nckvXhnjbmkwKw k\ncpw at\m lrZn
bZm bmXyp\o`mhw XZm XXv ]caw ]Zw
5. XmhtZh \ntcmh bmhZv lrZn KXw bw
GXZv m\w Ntamw N AtXmt\ym
{KhnkvXcw
1......5. ipsapw, Aipsapw, a\v cp
{]Imcnepv . hnjbfmepw A`nemjfmepw
k ev ] D hn p XmWv a\ v . C I
DbcmXncnpXmWv ipmab a\v. _\nepw
AXpt]mse Xs tamn\pw ImcWambn hn
pXv a\p XsbmWv. hnjbfn Bkamb
a\n\m _\w kw`hnpp. hnjbfpsS
A`mhamv a\n\v tamw knnpp. hnjb
kev] clnXambncnptmgmWv a\ns ebw

I kw`hnpXv AXn\m tamw B{Klnp km[
I hnjbkev] clnX\mbncnWw a\n hnjbm
`nemjw CmXncnpAhbmWv ]ca]Zw. AtXmsS
a\n kev] hnIev] DbcmXncnpp. lrZ
bn hneo\ambncnpXphsc am{Xw a\ns\
\nb{Wnemm {ianWw. AXn\ptija
thXv. a\n lrZbw hneo\amIpXphsc am{Xw
a\ns\ \nb{Wnemm {ianWw. AXn\p
tija thXv. a\n lrZbw hneo\amIpXns\
tamsapw m\sapw ]dbpp. AXn IqSpX
]dbpXv {KhnkvXmcw am{XamIpp.
6. ss\hNnyw \ NmNnyaNnyw Nnytah N
]]mXhn\npw {_ kZytX XZm
7. kztcW km[tb tZymK a kzcw `mhtbXv ]cw
AkztcW ln`mth\ `mhm\m` CjytX
8. XtZh \njvI ew {_ \nhnIev]w
\ncRv P\w
XZv {_mlanXn mXzm {_
kZytX {[phw
9. \nhnIev] a\w N tlXp ZrjvSm hPnXw
A{]taba\mZyw N mXzm N ]caw inhw
10. \ hntcmt[m \ tNmXv] n \ _tm \
Nimk\w
\apap \ apn N CtXyjp ]camXx
6......10. Nn\obhpw ANn\obhpw Xn Hcp
A\cIcWobhpw CmXncnpIbpw cn Hn
sbpw t\v {]tXyI Nmbvhv km[I\v CmXncnp
Ibpw sNp Ahkcn {_{]m]vXnpff kabw
ASpspp. km[I\v {]WhneqsS Cuizc
\pambn sFIyw DmbnocWw. {]Whpambn khm
\m CWnb `mh\sImp am{Xw `hkzcq]\mb
]camhns\ {]m]nm Ignbpp. A`mhw sImv
AXv km[ya. `mh\bpsS A`mhn kam[n iq\y
XbmWv kw`hnpI. B ambmcq]amb a\v iq\yhpw
hnIev] hpw AhbhclnXhpw Bb \ncs\-
sbmWv {_sap ]dbpXv. "B {_w Rm Xs-
bmWv'. F `mh\bpw hnizmkhpw tNh\v {_
{]m]vXn e`npp. iq\yhpw A\mZnbpw A\ hpw
A{]]hpw ]ca IembWkzcq]hpamb {_ s
AXpambn A\\y`mhw ssIsmffm Ignbp h\v
e`npp. k rj v S nbn, ambbn, _a\an,
tamm`nemjan. tamhpan F NnmKXnbpw
hmkvXhnIm\hpw t\Snbh {_ kmmXvmcw
t\Spp.
N P
587
11. GI Ghmmathym Pm{KXv kz]v\ K
kpjp]v X njp
m\{XbmXv hyXoXw b ]p\ P \
hnZytX
12. GI Gh ln`qXmm `qtX `qtX hyhnXx
GI[m _lp[m ssNh ZriytX PeN{hXv.
13. LSkw`qXamImiw eobamt\ LtSbYm
LtSm eobtX \mImti XZzothm LtSm]a.
14. LShZv hnhn[mImcw Zayam\w ]p\x ]p\x
XXv `w N Pm\mXn k Pm\mXn N \nXyi;
15. i_vZambmhrtXm bmhmanjv TXn
]pjvItc
Znt Xakn ssNIXz taItahm\p]iyXn.
11.......15. Pm{Kv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn. Cu app
Ahsbbpw ISh\pw Htc Hcp Bmhpambn
am{Xw _w m]nph\pamb hynv ]p\P
an. {]]nse kIe PohnIfnepw Cu Htc Hcp
BmhmWpffXv. N{ Htbpffq. Fnepw AXns
{]Xn_nw_w ]ebnSpw ]eXnepw ImWm Ignbpp.
Htc ]c{_w ]e icocfnepw {]Xn`mknpp.
icocw \inmepw Bmhn\v \miapmIpn. aIp
S s]mpXpt]msebpw ]nsbpw \nnsSp
Xpt]msebpw ]nsbpw \nnsSpXpt]msebpw
Dff Hcp Ahm hntijamWnXv. ambbpambn _
sv Pohmmhv Hmtcm icocfn {]Xn`mknpp.
Am\amIp AImcw \inv m\amIp
{]Imiw {]m]nptm am{Xw Pohmmhpw ]camm
hpw Xnepff sFIyw A\p`h tKmNcambnocpp.
16. i_vZ mcw ]cw {_ bkvan
otWbZcw
XZznZzm\cw [ymtbXv bZotXv
imnam\x
17. tZzhntZy thZnXthy Xp i_vZ{_ ]cw NbXv
i_vZ {_Wn \njvWmX ]cw {_m[n KXn
18. {Ka`yky ta[mho m\hnm\ XXzX
]emeanh[m\ymo Xy tPXv {K atijXx
19. Khmat\Ih\mw. ockymt\I hXm
ochXv ]iytX m\w
enwKakvXpKhmw bYm
20.LrX anh ]bkn \nKqVw
`qtX `qtX N hkXn hnm\w
kXXw abnXhyw
a\km am\ `qXt\

I 21. m\t\{Xw kamZmb Ntc Zzn aX ]cw
\njvIew \new imw XZv{_ml
anXn kvarXw
22.kh`qXm[n hmkwN bZv `qtXjp hkXy[n
khm\p{KmlItXz\ XZkvaylw hmkptZh
XZkvaylw hmkptZh CXn.
16......22. i_vZhpw ]c{_hpw AcamIpp. Cu
cn Hn\p bw kw`hnptm atXv Ab
amb nXnbn \nesImffpp. CXp XsbmWv
hmkvXhnIamb ]c{_w. imn B{Klnp a\p
jy\v B Ac {_ssbmWv [ym\ntXv.
i_vZ {_sapw ]c{_sapapff cp hn[apff
hnZy [cntXpv. Ftm a\pjy i_vZ {_w
AXmbXv thZimkv{X icnv a\nempp
Atm ]c{_s {Klnm Ignbpp. `Ww
tXSp hyn sshtm Ifn Ctijw `W
n\v Acnbpw AXp ]mNIw sNbvX Xpw tXSpXp-
1 {_- h n- t Zym- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn]mTw
Hmw k l \ mh h X p k l \u `p \ p
klhocyw Ichmhssl tXPkzn\mh[oXakvXp
am hnZznjmhssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c{_w R cp t]scbpw cns. AXv
R cp t]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cp
t]cpw Hcpanv IgnhpI BPns. RfpsS
A[yb\w DPzehpw tim`\hpamIs. RfpsS A[y
b\w DPzehpw tim`\hpamIs. R ]ckv] cw
hntZzjw ]pem\nSbmImXncns.
AY {_hntZym]\njZpNytX
1. {]kmZmXv {_WkvXky hnjvtWmc`qX
IWx
clkyw {_ hnZymb {[phmnw kw{]tX
N P
588
t]mse Adnhpffh {Kfn \nv kmcw {Kln
K
tijw {K ssIhnSpp. ]e \ndapff ]ip
Dv . Fm AhbpsSsbmw ]m Htc hn[amWv.
shfpp \ndamWv. AXpt]mse At\I k{Zmbfpw
Nnm[mcIfpw Dsnepw AhbnsemaSp XXzw
HmsWv a\nempp. ]pdsa ImWp t`Z`mh\
I \nkmcamWv. BcnIhpw kmh{XnIhpamb
XXzw {KlnpI. ]m ssX ISbpXn \nv sh
Inpp. Nn\w sImpw a\\w sImpw hnm\
abamb {_w Adnbm Ignbpp. m\ns
{]Imiw e`np Ignbptm An kam\amb tXPv
Ie {_ns `mh\ A\p`hthZyamIpp. "
IemclnXhpw \nehpw imhpamb ]c{_w Rm
XsbmIpp' F t_m[w AtXmsS m\npm
Ipp. DXmWv icnbmb m\w. kIeXnepw ASp
Xpw kakvX `qXm[nhmkhpamb B ]c{_XXzw
hmkptZh\mWv F Adnhpw kwPmXamIpp.
{__np D]\njv kam]np.
2. HmanItXyImcw {_ bZpw
{_hmZn`x
icocw Xky hyman m\w
Ime{Xbw XYm
3. X{X tZhmkv { Xbx t{]mm temIm thZw
kv{Xtbmbx
Xnt{kmam{Xmam{Xm NmXpcky
inhky Xp
4. EtKztZm Kml]Xyw N ]rYnho {_ Gh N
BImcky icocw Xp hymJymXw {_ hmZn`nx
5. bpthZmcow N
ZnWmnkvXssYh N
hnjvWp `Khm tZh DImcx ]cnIonXx

I A\cw {_tm]\njns\n ]dbpp. A-
`qXImhpw hnjvWpcq]nbpamb {_ns ImcpWy
m {[phmncq]amIp {_hnZymclkys
]dbpp. {_ m\nI GIm ccq] n
GsXmcp {_hnZymclkys ]dbpp. {_m
\nI GImc cq]n GsXmcp {_sbmtWm
]dnpXv AXns icocw m\w Ime{Xbw
Fnhsbn ]dbmw. Hmw Imcn aqp tZhmcpw
aqp temIfpw aqp thZfpw aqv AnIfpw Dv.
inhcq]nep Acn\v apc am{XbmWv .
AImcicocs Kml]Xynsbpw ]rYnhoXXzs
{_mshpw {_m\nI ]dbpp. DImcicocw
bpthZsapw ZnWmn BImiXXzsapw
hnjvWpshpw ]dnpv.
6. kmathZkvXYm Zyumlh\obkvXssYh N
Cuizcx ]ctam tZthm aImcx ]cnIonXx
7. kqcyaWvUeaty fY lyImcx iwJa[yKx
DImc{kmi kvXkyat[y hyhnXx
8. aImckvXzn kmtim hn[qtam hnZytXm]ax
Xnt{km am{XkvXYm tbm
tkmakqcyncq]nWx
9. inJm Xp Zo]kmtim Xkvanp]cnhtX
Aam{Xm XYm tbm{]Whtkym
]cnnXm
10. ]kq{X \n`m kqva inJm kmZriytX ]cm
km \mUo kqcykmim kqcyw `nXzm
XYm ]cm
11. Zznk]vXXXnkl{kmWn \mUow `nXzm
N aq[\n
hcZx kh`qXm\mw khw hym]yhXnjvTXn
aImcns icocw kmathZhpw Blh\obm
nbpw kzhpw inh\pamsWv ]dbsSpp. iwJa
[ynep AImcw kqcyaWvU en nXnsN
pp. N{kam\amb DImcw N{\n \nesImpp.
]pIbnm Ant]msebpw an t]msebpamWv
aImcw Cs\ aqpam{XI kqcy N{ An
Fo cq]nemWv. Zo]inJZo]ns apIfnse
tmWw {]Whns apIfnsetmfw {]Whns
apIfn Aam{Xbpv. B inJ Xmac\qens\m-
XmWv. kqcyXpeyamb B \mUn kqcyt\bpw Fgp]o
cmbncw \mUnIsfbpw t`Znv aq[mhn nXn sNp
p. AXv kh`qXpw hcw \IpXmWv.
12. Imwky Lm\n\mZkvXp bYm{]obXn
imtb
HmmckvXpXY tbmPy imtb khanXm
N P
589
13. bkva n hneobtX i_vZkvXXv]cw K
{_ KobtX
[nbw lneobtX {_ tkm
arXXzmb Iev]tX
14. hmbpx {]mWkvXYmImimx {Xnhnt[m
Pohkwbx
kPohx {]mW CXyptm _mem{KiX
Iev ]nXx
15. \m`nt\nXw hnizw ipXXzw
kp\new
BZnXyanh Zo]yw civan`nmhnew inhw
HmSpsImp Xo aWnbpsS i_vZw imnbn
ebnpXp t]mse HmwImc tbmP\bm kh B{K
lfpw imamIpw. bmsXmn i_vZw ebnpp
AXmWv {_w. GsXmcp _pn{_n ebnpp
AXv AarXkzcq]hpw. hmbp tXPv BImiw tIim{K
ns \qdnsemcp `mKn\v XpeysamWv kev]w.
hnizw ipXXzhpw \nekzcq]hpamb \m`n m\
v \nesImpp. AXv kqcys\mw Fm hnizhpw
{]Iminnv awKfacpfpp.
16. kImcw NlImcw N Pothm P]Xn khZ,
\m`nc{mZzn\njv{Imw hnjbhym]vXn
hPnXw
17. tXt\Zw \njvIew hnZymXv ocmXv kncYm
ImtcW\m\mbpx
{]mWmbmssa]`nx
18. GXkvan hktX io{Lahn{imw almJKx
bmhnizkntXm PohkvXmhnjvIfXmw KXx
Poh Ftmgpw kImcsbpw lImctbpw
P]np sImncnpp. \m`nbn \npw ]pdsSp
Cu P]w hnjbhmk\ CmXmWv. ]men \npw
s\s t]mse Cu XXzw {]mWmbmaw sImdnbWw.
IStImem ]m ISbppXpt]mse NXpjvIetN
lrZbn nXnsNp XXzw icocn {`aWw
sNpp. Atm AXn Poh \nhknp#v\ izmkw
\nptm \njvIfXzw {]m]npp.
20. \`w \njvIew [ymXzm aptNyX
`h_\mXv
A\mlX[z\nbpXw lwkw tbm
thZ lrZKXw
21. kz {]ImiNnZm\w k lwk CXn KobtX
tcNIw ]qcIw apzm Ipw`tI\
nXx kp[o

I 22. \m`nIt kau IrXzm {]mWm]m\u
kamlnX
akvXImarXkzmZw ]oXzm
[ymt\\ kmZcw
23. Zo]mImcw almtZhw Pmew \m`n a[yta
A`njnNymartXss\h lk lwtkXn
tbm Pt]Xv
24. PcmacWtcmKmZn \Xky `qhn hnZytX
Ghw Znt\ Znt\ Ipcym ZWnamZnhn`qXtb
tZymhn \nesImp \njvI fXzw [ym\nv
hnip t\Sptm kwkmc_wssIhnSpp. CXlrZ
bn nXnsNpXpw NnZm\ lwks Adnbp
h lwks Adnbpp. lwkw F t]cn Ah
AdnbsSpp. tcNIw ]qcIw Fnh Dt]nv Ipw`
In ncambncppsImv {]mWt\bpw A]m\
t\bpw GIo`hnnv akvX In nXnsNp
AarXw kmZcw [ym\ nX\mbn ]m\w sNbvXv lwk
Fv P]np [ym\nv `qanbn Ignbptm Pc
acWw tcmKw Ch DmIpn. Fp am{Xa. AWna
XpSnb AjvS knnIfpw hn`qXnIfpw e`nm
IgnbpIbpw sNbvXp.
25. CuizcXzahm]vt\mXn kZmZymkcXx ]pam
_lthm ss\IamtW {]m]vX
\nXyXz amKXmx
kZm Cu A`ymkn apgpInbncnpph\v
CuizcXzw ssIhcpp. ]ecpw Cu amneqsS
\nXy]Zw {]m]np.
26. lwk hnZymartX temtI \mkvXn\nXyXz
km[\w
tbm ZZmXn almhnZymw lkmJymw
]mctaizcow
27. Xky Zmkyw kZmIpcymXv
{]bm]cbm kl
ip`w hmip`a\yXzm b Zpw KpcpWm `phn
28. XXv IpcymZhnNmtcW injyx
ktmj kwbpXx
lwk hnZymanamw e_v[zm Kpcpip{iqjm\cx
29. Bm\amm\m kmmXv {_ _p[zm
kp\new
tZl PmXymZnkw_m hm{ia
ka\znXm
N P
590
30. thZkmkv{XmWn Nm\ym\n ]Zamw kpanh K
XyP
Kpcp`nw kZm IpcymXv t{ibtk
`qXtb \cx
lmkXz {]m]npIsb Cu hnZymarXn\p
Xpeyw \nXyX {]m]nphm\pXIp Hcp km[\bn.
lwkw sNp hynsb kZm `ntbmsS ip{iqjn
pI. ip`mip`Nnp Xp\nbmsX Kpcp Fmm]n
ppthm AXv AtX]Sn injy A\pkcnWw.
Kpcphn \npw Cu hnZy kmZnv Bmhn
Bmhns\ kmmXvIcnv \n{_s Adnv
hm{iamZnIsfbpw thZ imkv {X imk\Isfbp
\ntmNw ]cXyPnv kZm Kpcp ip{iqjbn
apgpIWw. AXv t{ibn\v F{Xbpw D]Icnpw.
31. Kpcptch lcn kmmm\y CXy
{_hoXv {ipXnx
32. {ipXym b Zpw ]camtah
XXv kwitbm \m{X XXx kakvXw
{ipXym hntcm[ \ `thXv {]amWw
`thZ\mb hn\m {]amWw
kmm lcn Kpcp XsbmWv amcpa Fv
thZw ]dbpp. CX{ipXnhmIyw kibclnXambn
s ]camamWv. {ipXnv hncpambm ]ns {]am
Wan. {]amWclnX ambnpXv A\ImcnbmWv.
33. tZlx kItemttbm \njvItem tZl
hPnXx
B]vt Xm]tZi Ktaymku khXx
kanXx
34. lwk lwtkXn tbm {_qbmwtkm {_m
lcnxinhx
Kpcph{mpx e`ytX {]Xyw
khtXmapJw
35. Xntejp N bYm ssXew ]pjv t]K
Chm{inXx
]pcpjky icotcfkvan k _mlym`y
tc XYm
tZlnXambXns\ kIfsapw tZhPnXamb
Xns\ \njvI fsapw a\nemWw B]vX amb
Kpcp{]tZim AdnbsSp\\ Cu XXzw kh{X
ka`mh\tbmSpIqSn nXn sNpp. lwkmJy
{_mhnjv W p inhkzcq]\mWv . Kpcp]tZim
Ah\v khtXmpJamb {_s Adnbm Ignbpw.
Fn Fbpw ]qhn kpKhpw nXn sNp-
Xpt]mse Xs ]pcpjicocn AIpw ]pdpw
B {_w Xs.

I 36. DmkvtXm bYm temtI {Zhyam
temIyXmwXytPXv.
mt\\ tb amtemIy ]mXv
m\w]cnXytPXv
37. ]pjv ]hZv kIew hnZymXv KkvXky Xp
\njvIfx
hrkvXp kIew hnZymXv Ombm Xky Xp
\njvIem
38. \njvIex kItem `mhx khss{Xh
hyhnXx
D]mb kIekvXZz Zp t]b ssh \njvIex
39. kIte kItem `mthm \njvIte
\njvIe kvXYm
GIamt{Xm Zznam{X {Xnam{Xssh t`ZXx
40. Aam{Xm ]cmtbm XX Du[zw
]cmXv ]cw
][m ]ssZhXyw kIew]cn]jytX
Xons {]Imiw sImv ]Zm Ip
Ignm ]w Dt]nmw. AXpt]mse m\w
sImv mXhyamb hnjbw AdnXn\ptijw
m\hpw Dt]nmw. kIfs ]qhmbpw AXns
Ks \njvIfambpw IcpXpI. Asn kIfs
hrambpw AXns Ombsb \njvIfambpw IcpXWw.
Cs\bp kIf \njvI f`mh FmbnSpw
ImWmw. Iembpamb hkvXp km[\bpw km[yw
IemclnXhpamWv. Iembpamb hkvXphn kh`m
hfpapv. Fm IemclnXamb hkvXphn bmsXm
cp `mhhpan. Hcp am{X ]cbpapv. AXn\pw apIfn
]cmXv ]camWv. kIfw ]tZhXmbpsapw Av
hn[w tNncnpXmsWpw {KlntXpv.
41. {_tWm lrZbm\w IWvt T hnjvW px
kam{inXx
Xmepat[y ntXm cpt{Zm eemStm
atlizcx
42. \mkmt{K ANypXw hnZym XkymtXp
]cw ]Zw
]cXzmp ]cw \mkvXn tXyhw imkv{Xky
\nbx
43. tZlmXoXw Xp Xw hnZymmkmt{K
ZzmZimwKpew
XZw Xw l Pm\obm{Xtm
hym]tbXv {]`px
N P
591
44. amt\m]y\y{X \nn]vXw Npc\y{X K
]mXnXw
XYm]n tbmKn\mw tbm tKm hyhnnx
{]htX
45. GXp]caw Kply taXp ]caw ip`w
\mX ]cXcw Inn mXmx ]cXcw ip`w.
lrZbamWv {_ns m\w. hnjvWp lrZb
nepw cp{Z Xmephnepw atlizc s\nbnepw
nXnsNpp. \mkm{Kn ANypX nXnsN
ppshpw AXns Ahkm\ `mKv ]ca]Zsapw
AdnbpI. ]cmXv]cambn asmn. tZlmXoXamb B
{_w \mkm{Kn \npw ]{wKpew ZqscbmWv.
A Xp XsbmWv A Xns Ahk m\w. A hnsS
nXnsNp {]`p kh hym]nbmWv. a\v asmcp
m\v s]mbvsms. IpI ashnsSsbnepw
t\ms. tbmKpIfpsS tbmKw Ahnnw \Spw. AXv
Gsd clkyamWv. ip`Icambnsmpan.
46. ipm\marXw {]m]y
]camc \nbw
KplymXv KplyX\w tKm]yw {KlWobw
{]bXv\Xx
47. \m ]p{Xmb {]`mXhyw \m injymb IZmN\
KpcptZhmb `mb \nXyw `n]cmb N
48. {]`mXhyanZw imkv{Xw t\Xtc`yx
{]Zm]tbXv
ZmXm ky \cIw bmXn kn[ytX \ IZmN\
49. Krltm {_Nmco N hm\{]
`npIx
b{X X{X ntXm m\o ]camchnXv
kZm
50. hnjbohnjbmktm bmXn tZlmtc
ip`w
m\tZhmky imkv{Xky khmhtm
]nam\hx
ip m\amIp AarXw {]m]nv ]camc
XXzw \nbnpIbpw At Aw clkyamb B
hkvXp {]bXv\]qhw {KlnpIbpw thWw. Cu hnZy
]p{X\mht\m injy\mht\m sImSpcpXv.
bYm Kpcp`\pw `n]c\pta Zm\w sNmhq.
ampw Zm\w sNcpXv. CXn\v hncpambn {]hn
ph \cIw {]m]npw; Ah\v knnbn. Hcm
{_Nmcntbm hm\{]t\m Krlt\m k\ymkn
tbm Bbnsms, FhnsSsbnepw Xmakns,
]cam XXzw Adnh am{Xta m\nbmIpIbp

I p. Hcph hnjbmk\mbmepw imkv{Xm\w
sImv ip`KXn ssIhcnpp.
51. {_lXymizta[mssZyx
]pWy]mss]\ en]ytX
tNmZtIm _m[Issh tamZ]cx
kva rXx
52. CtXyjmw {Xn]nt[mtbw BNmcykvXp
aloXte
tNmZtIm Zitbmw t_m[Ix m\
amNtcXv
53. tamZkvXp ]cw XXzw bPmXz
]caiv \tX
{]XybP\w tZtl kmt]mr
WKuXa
54. tXt\jvSzm k \tcm bmXn imizXw
]Zahybw
kzbtah Xp ktiyttl _npw
N\njvIfw
55. Abt\ tZz N hnjpth kZm]iyXn amhnXv
IrXzmbmaw ]pcm h tcN ]qcI Ipw`Im
{_lXym ]m]w Aizta[mXn ]pWyw t_m[I
tamI Fnh t{ijvTcmsWv IcpXsSpp.
BNmcym Cs\ aqphn[apv. t{]cI amw
ImWnp sImSppp. t_m[I m\w \ntin
pp. tam ZmXmhv B ]ca XXzw Xs. B XXza
dnv Ah ]cammhns\ {]m]npp. KuXa,
tZlnse {]XybP\w Npcpndbmw. tIp.
AX\pjvTnm a\pjy\v imizXhpw Ahybhpamb ]Zw
e`npw. IqSmsX icocm`mKv \njvIfamb _np
hns\ ImWp cv Ab\fnepw Zn\cm{X
Xpeyambncnptmgpw BZyambn tcNIw ]qcIw Ipw`Iw
F {]mWmbmaa\pjvTnWw.
56. ]qhw tNm`mbpapmcy Atbp
bYm{Iaw
\akvI mtcW tbmtK\ ap{Zbmc`y
NmtbXv
57. kqcyky {KlWw h {]XybP\w
kva rXw
m\mXv kmbqPytathmw tXmtb
tXmbwbYmXYm
58. GtX KpWw {]ht tbmKm`ymk
IrX{issax
bkvamtZymKw kamZmb khZpxJ
_lnjv IrXx
N P
592
59. tbmK[ym\w kZm IrXzm m\w XbXmw K
{]tPXv
m\mXv kzcq]w ]caw lwka{w
kaptcXv
60. {]mWn\mw tZlatyXp ntXm lwkx
kZmNypXx
lwk Gh ]cw kXyw lwk GhXp
inIw
cpw Dcnv BZyw bYm{Iaw \akvcnWw.
\akvmc tbmKap{ZIfm ]qPnWw. h, kqcy{K
lWw {]XybP\amsWp ]dbpp. Pen
Pesa t]mse kmbqPy ]Zhpw m\m ssIhcp
mw. tbmKm`ymkn\p sNp {iaw hfsc ^ew
sNpw AXp aqew khZpxJfpw ianIpw. ZpxJ
ZpcoIcnm {ianpI. kZm Cu a{w P]npsImv
tbmK[ym\fm m\n XmZmyw {]m]npI.
tbmK`ymk {iaw Ghpw KpW{]ZamIpp. m\w
sImp am{Xta ]cakzcq]w {]m]nm km[pq. Pohn-
IfpsS icocn ANypX\mIp lwkw kZm hkn
pp. lwkw XsbmWv ]cakXyw lwkw Xs
in kzcq]sadnbpI.
61. lwk Gh ]cw hmIyw lwk Gh
Xp hmZnIw
lwk Gh ]tcm cpt{Zm lwk Gh
]cmXv ]cw
62. kh tZhky a[ytm lwk
Gh atlizc
]rYnhymZn inhmw Xp AImcmZym
]Imx
63. IqSm lwk GhkymmXrtIXn
hyhnXmx
amXrImclnXw a{amZnit \ Ip{XNnXv
64. lwk tPymXnc\q]ayw aty tZhw
hyhnXw
ZnWm apJam{inXy m\ap{Zmw
{]Iev]tbXv
65. kZm kam[nw IphoX lwk
a{a\pkva c
\ne kv^SnImIcw Znhycq]a\q]aw
]caamb hmIyw lwkw Xs kakv X thZfp
sSbpw kmcw BWv. lwk ]cacp{ZbmWv. lwkw Xs
bmWv ]cmXv]cw kIetZhmcptSbpw a[y\mb
lwkw XsbmWv ]ctaizc. ]rYzn apX inh
hscbpw AImcw apX hscbpw lwkw XsbmWv

I am{XIsftmse hyhnXambncnpXv. am{Xm
clnXamb at{m]tZian. lwkns A\p]a
tPymXnv tZhmcpsS a[yn nXnsNpp.
ZnWm`napJambn m\ap{Z kev]nv kam[nbn
lwks kv acnpsImncnpI. \ne SnI
cq]amb Znhycq]hpw [ym\np sImWw.
66. a[ytZti ]cw lwkw m\
ap{Zm cq]Iw
{]mtWm]m\x kam\tmZm\ hym\u
N hmbhw
67. ] I{nssbcywm {Inbmin
_temZyXmx
\mKx Iq IrItcm tZhZtm
[\bx
68. ] mt\{nssbcywx m\in
_temZyXmx
]mhIx in at[yXp \m`nNt{I
chnx nXm
69. _ap{Zm IrXmtb\ \mkmt{K Xp
kztemNt\
AImtc hncnXymlpcpImtc chnkwnXx
70. aImtc N{`pthat[y {]mWiym
{]t_m[tbXv
{_{KncImtc N hnjvWp{Kn
lr`nnXx
m\ap{Zmcq]tmSpIqSnb ] lwks
a[y`mKv [ym\nWw. {]mW A]m\ kam\
DZm\ hym\ Fo Ap hmbpfpw ApI
t{nbfpw tN {Inbmin A[nIw _ehm
bnocpp. \mKw Iqw IrIcw tZhZw [\bw
FnhtbmSpw Av mt\{nbtfmSpw IqSnb
m\ in _ehcamIpw. in a[yn
Anbpw \m`o{In chnbpw nXnsNpp. BZyw
_ap{Z A`yknWw. \mkm{Knepw t\{Xfnepw
AImcmnbmWpXv. lrZbm\v DImcnepw
]pcnIfpsS a[ynepw AnbmWv. Ahbn {]mW
in ebnnWw. {_{Kn AImcnepw hnjvWp
{Kn lrZbnepw nXn sNpp.
71. cp{Z {Kn{`pthm at[y `nZytX
chmbp\m
AImtc kwntXm {_m DImsc hnjvWp
cmnXx
72. aImtc kwntXm cp{Zx XtXm kymm
]cmXv]cx
N P
593
IWw kwIpNy \mUymZu kvXw`ntX K
tb\ inXx
73. ck\m ]oUyamt\bw tjmUiothm
[zKman\o
{XnIqSw {Xnhn[m ssNh tKmemJw
\nJcw XYm
74. {Xn iwJh{PtamwImc aq[z\mfw
{Zpt]mapJw
IpWvUeow Nmeb {]mWm t`Zb
iinaWvUew
78. km[b h{PIpw`mWn \hZzmcmWn
_tbXv
kpa\x ]h\mcqVx kcmtKm \nKpWkvXYm
]pcnIfpsS a[yn nXnsNp cp{Z{Kn
Achmbp aptJ\ t`ZnsSpp. AImcw {_m
hnsbpw DImcw hnjvWphnsbpw aImcw cp{Zsbpw
m\amIpp. AXns Ahkm\`mKv ]cmXv]cw
nXnsNpp. IWvTw ktmNnnv \mUymZn in
sb kvXw`nnWw. ]ns \mv Aan tjmUm
im[mcbphpw Du[zKmanbpw {XnIqSbphpw
{Xnhn[w {_c{ Kmanbpw kqvahpamb kpjpav\m
\mUntbbpw {Xn inJw h{Pw Hmw Imcbpw Du[z
\mfw XpSnbh {ZpIpSnbntev t]mIpXpamb
IpWvUen\n insbbpw {]mWsfbpw Nennv N{
aWvUew t`Znv \hZzmc _nv h{P Ipw`I
km[\ sNpI a\v \nKpWamn {]kXtbmsS
]h\mcqV\pw BIWw.
76. {_mt\Xp \mZx kymmIn\yarX
hjnWn
jSvN{IaWvUtemmcw m\Zo]w
{]ImitbXv
77. kh`qXnXw tZhw kthiw
\nXyatbXv
Bcq]w XamtemIy m\cq]w \ncmabw
78. Zriyw Xw Znhy cqt]W khhym]n
\ncRvP\w
lwk lwkhtZZzmIyw {]mWn\mw
tZlam{inXx
79. kl{ktaIw hybpXjv SiXw
ssNh khZm
Dc ]TntXm lwkx tkmlanXy`n[obtX
80. ]qh`mtKlyt[menwKw inJnXymw
ssNh ]naw

I tPymXnenwKw {Zpthmat[y \nXyw [ymtbXv
kZmbXnx
As\ Ccnptm, {_m\v \mZw
tIpp. am{Xa imnbpsS \mUnbn \npw
AarXhrjvSn DmIpp. jSvN{IaWvUew t`Zns
SpXpsImv m\amIp Zo]w {]Iminpp. kh
`qXfnepw nXn sNp ]catZhs\ Ftmgpw
]qPnWw. Bcq]w AImcs \innpXpw
m\kzcq]\pw hym[nclnXhpamIpp. khhym
]nbpw \ncRvP \hpamb B Znhykzcq]s Zinv
lwkw, lwkw Fp P]nWw. {]mWnIfpsS icoc
n nXnsNp {]mWm]m\{Knsb Acq]w
Fp ]dbpp. Cu Acq]a{w, \nXyhpw, Ccp]tm
cmbncn Adpqdp XhW P]nm lwkw tkmlw
Fp cq]ambnocpp. km[I kZm IpWvUen
\nbpsS ]q`mKv At[menwKtbpw inJmm\
v ]naenwKsbpw, {`qIpSnIfpsS ay `mKv
tPymXnenwKsbpw [ym\nWw.
81. ANyptXmlaNntymlaXtIym
latPmkvaylw
A{]mtWmlaImtbm la\wtKmkvay
`tbmkva ylw
82. Ai_vt Zmlacqt]mlakv] timkva y
laZzbx
ActkmlaKtmla\mZncartXmkva ylw
83. AtbmlaenwtKmlaPtcmkv ayI
temkva ylw
A{]mtWmlaaqtIm laNntymkvayIrtXm
kvaylw
84. Acymayla{Kmtlym\ntZtiymla
eWx
AtKmt{Xm laKmt{XmlaNpjvtImkvay
hmKlv
85. AZrtiymlahtmlaJWvt Umkva y
laZv `qXx
A{iptXmlaZrjv tSmlat\zjvS thyma
ckv aylw
Rm ANypX\pw, ANny\pw, AXy\pw,
PclnX\pw, {]mWclnX\pw, icocclnX\pw, AwKc
lnX\pw, `bclnX\pw, i_vZclnX\pw, Acq]\pw,
Akv ]i\pw, AZzb\pw, ckhnlo\\pw, Kcln
X\pw, A\mZyarXkzcq]\pw, Ab\pw, enwKclnX
\pw, Pcmlo\\pw, IemclnX\pw, A{]mW\pw, AaqI
\pw, ANny\pw, {InbmclnX\pw BIpp. Rm
khmycymanbpw, A{Kmly\pw \ntieWcln
N P
594
X\pw, AZriy\pw, hclnX\pw, AJWvU \pw,
K
ApX\pw, AZriy\pw, hclnX\pw, AJWvU\pw,
ApX\pw, A{ipX\pw, AZrjv S\pw, At\zjnt
h\pw Aac\pamIpp.
86. Ahmbpc]y\mImtimtXPkvt Imhy`n
Nmcylw
AatXmlaPmtXmlaXnkqvtam
hnImcylw
87. AcPkvtImXakvt Imlakv tzmkv a y
KptWmkva ylw
Aamtbm\p`hmml\t\ym hnj
tbmkva ylw
88. AssZztXmla]qmla_mtlym
la\cx
t{imXmlaZotLmlahytmla\mabx
89. AZzbm\hnm\Lt\m kvaylahn{Ibx
A\ntmlatemt]mlaIm
kvaylaZzbx
90. AhnZymImcylot\mlahm{Klk\tKmNcx
Aev t]mlatimtImlahnIevt]mkva y
hnze
Rm hmbpclnX\pw, BImiclnX\pw, tXtPmc
lnX\pw, Ahy`nNmcnbp, Atb\pw, PclnX\pw,
AXnkqva\pw AhnImcnbpw kXzcPkvXtamclnX\pw
KpWmXoX\pw, ambmclnX\pw, A\y\pw AhnjbI\pw
AssZzX\pw, A]q\pw _mlym`yclo\\pw,
t{im{XclnX\pw, AZoL\pw, Ahy\pw, hym[nc
lnX\pw AhnImcnbpw CmclnX\pw AImhpw
Ate]\pw AZzb\pw B\kzcq]\pw hnm\L
\\pw AhnImcnbpw CmclnX\pw AImhpw
Ate]\pw AZzb\pw AhnZymP\nXImcylo\\pw
A\ev]\pw timIclnX\pw \nhnIev]\pw hntijm-
nclnX\pamIpp.
91. BZnaymlot\mlamImikZr
timkva ylw
BssNX\ycqt]mlalam\NnZvL \x
92. B\marXcqt]m lamkwtmlacx
BImtamlamImimXv ]camt
iztcmkv aylw
93. Cuimt\mkva ylaotUymlalapa
]pcpjx
DXvI rjvtSmlap]{ZjvSmAlapcXtcm
kvaylw
 595

I 94. tIhtemlw IhnxImytmlw ]qm\\pw GIt_m[cq]\pw GIckcq]\pam K

IcWm[n]x Ipp.
Kplmi bmlwtKm]vXmlw Npjp 101. {]mtXmlw {]imtmlw {]Imix
ckv aylw ]ctaizcx
95. NnZm\tmkvaylw tNXm NnZvL\\ntbm GI[m Nnyamt\mlw ssZzXmssZzX
kvaylw hneWx
tPymXntbmkv aylwPmbmtymXnjmw 102. _ptmlw `qX]mtemlw `mcpt]mlw
tPymXnckva ylw `Khm\lw
Rm BZna[ymclnX\pw, BImikZriy\pw, alttbm alm\mkvan almttbm
BssNX\ycq]\pw B\NnZvL\\pw B\marX atlizcx
cq]\pw, BkwnX\pw Ac\pw BIma\pw
103. hnaptmlw hn`pclwhtcWymhym
BImin ]cm]ctaizckzcq]\pw Cuim\\pw
]tImkva ylw
]qPy\pw, Da]pcpj\pw DXvIrjvS\pw D]{ZjvSmhpw
]cmXv] c\pw tIhe\pw Ihnbpw Imym\pw sshizm\tcm hmkptZthm hnizX
IcWm[n]Xnbpw Kp]vXmib\pw tKm]vXmhpw t\{X pckva ylw
p t\{XhpamIpp. Rm NnZm\\pw tNX\sb 104. hnizm[ntImlwhnitZm hnjvWphnizIr
{]Zm\w sNph\pw NnZvL\\pw Nnb\pw tPymXn Zkv aylw
b\pw, tPymXnpIfn shv t{ijvTamb tPymXnp iptmkva nip{Ix imtmkva niiztXmkva n
amIpp. inthmkv aylw
96. Xakx kmylw XpcyXptcymlw 105. kh`qXmcmml\\kva nk\mX\x
Xakx ]cx
AlwkIrZzn`mtXmkv antkz
Znthym tZthmkvan ZpZtim ZrjvSm[ymtbm alnav\n kZmnXx
{[pthmkva ylw
Rm {]m\\pw, {]im\pw, {]Imicq]\pw,
97. \ntXymlw \nchtZymlw \njv{Intbmkvan ]ctaizc\pw, ssZzXmssZzXpw `namb GI
\ncRvP\x Nnyam\\pw, _p\pw `qX]meI\pw {]Imikzcq]
\ntem \nhnIevt]mlw \ncmJymtXm \pamb `Khm\pw almtb\pw, alm\mb atliz
kvan\nex c\pw hnap\pw hn`phpw t{ijv T\pw, sshizm\c\pw
98. \nnImtcm \nXy]qtXm \nptWm hmkptZh\pw, hnizNpkzcq]\pw hnizm[nI\pw
\nkv ]rtlmkva ylw hnizImhmb hniZ\pw hnjv W phpw ip\pw
imkzcq]\pw, imizX\pw, inh\pw, khm`qXm
\ncn{ntbm \nbmlw \nct]tmkvan
cmmhpw, kzalnabn nXnsNbv X psImv
\njvIex
Ftmgpw {]Imiam\\mbncnph\pamIpp.
99. ]pcpjx ]camlw ]pcmWx ]ctamkvaylw
106. khmcx kzbw tPymXnx khm[n]
]cmhtcmkvaylw ]qx Xnckva ylw
{]`pckvan ]pcmX\x
kh`qXm[nhmtkmlwkhhym
]qm\ssIt_mt[mlw ]okzcmUlw
{]XytKIctkmkva ylw
107. kakvX kmo khmm
Rm AImcn kmnbpw Xpcynsbpw kh`qX Kplmibx
Xpcy\pw, AImcn\pw ]caamb ZnhytZhkzcq]\pw
kth{nbKpWm`mkx kth{nb
Zpi\pw ZrjvSnm[mcamb {[ph\pw, \nXy\pw,
hnhnXx
\ntmj\pw, \njv{Inb\pw, \ncRvP\pw, \ne\pw,
\nhnIev]\pw, \ncmJymX\pw \ne\pw, \nhnIm 108. m\{XbhyXotXmlwkhm\p
c\pw, kZm]hn{X\pw, \nct]\pw, \njv I f\pw, {KmltIm kvaylw
]ca]pcpj\pw, ]capcmW\pw, ]cm]c\pw, {]m\pw, knZm\]qmm khpt{]am
{]]tm]ia\pw ]carX\pw ]pcmX\ ]q{]`phpw kv ]tZmkv aylw

N P

I 109. knZm\amt{Xmlwkz{]Imtim
kvanNnZvLn\x
kzkzcq]km{Xknkhm
tImkv aylw
110. khm[njvTnXkm{Xx kzm_\
ltcmkva ylw
khKymtkmkvaylw kh{ZjvSm
kczm\p`qclw
Ghw tbm thZ Xtz\ sskh
]pcpj DNytX CXyp]\njXv
Rm khmc\pw tPymXnkzcq]\pw khm[n]
Xnbpw kakvX`qXfpw Fn XsbmWv hknp
Xv. Rm khym]nbpw, km{ampamIpp. Rm
1 {_tm-]-\n-jv
imna{w
Hmw k l \ mh h X p k l \ u ` p \ p
klhocyw Ichmhl tXPkzn\m h[oX akvXp
amhnZznjmh ssl Hmw imnx imnximnx
]c{_w Rsf cpt]cpw Hcpanv cns.
R cpt]cpw Hcpanv aptmp t]mIs Hcpanv
IgnhpI {]Zinns. RfpsS A [yb\w
tXPkznbmIs R Ielnm CShcmXncns.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. AYmky ]pcpjky NXzmcn m\m\n `hn
\m`nlrZbw IWvTw aq[m N X{X NXpjv]mZw
{_ hn`mXn PmKcntX {_m kz]vt\ hnjvWp
kpjp]vX u cp{ZkvX pcobacw k BZntXym
hnjvWptizc kzbaa\kvIat{im{Xa]mWn
]mZw tPymXn hnZnXw b{X temIm \temIm tZhm
\ tZhmthZm \ thZm b\ bm amXm \
amXm ]nXm \ ]nXm kv\pjm \ kv\pjm NWvU
tem \ Nmex ]uev kx {iatWm \ {iaWx
Xm]tkm \ Xm]kx GItah XXv ]c{_
hn`mXn \nhmWw
N P
596
XsbmWv khn\pw kmn. Rm khmmhpw
K
kh`qXfpsSbpw, Kplymib\pamIpp. Rm
kt{nbclnX\pw BIpp. Rm m\{XbmXo
X\pw Fmhscbpw A\p{Klnph\pamIpp. Rm
XsbmWv FmhcpsSbpw t{]an\v Bkv]Zambncn
p knZm\]qmmhv. Rm knZm\am
{X\pw kzbw {]Imi\pamb NnZvL \cq]\pamIpp.
Rm kXykzcq]\pw, km{X\pw knnbpw khm-
mhpamIpp. Rm khm[mccq]\pw, kXykzcq]\pw
kzmm_\lmhpw BIpp. Rm Fmhtc
bpw {Kknph\pw, Fmw ImWph\pw, khm\p`
hcq]\pamIpp. C{]Imcw Xzw {Klnph\mWv
]pcpj Fv Cu D]\njp ]dbpp.
{_hntZym]\njv kam]np
3
3. \ {X tZhm Ejb ]nXcx CtX {]Xn
_pkhhntZymXn
4. lrZnmx tZhXm khm lrZn {]mWm
{]XnjvTnXm lrZn {]mW tPymXn {XnhrXv
kq{Xw N XZznZp ssNXt\y XnjvTXn
5. bt m]h oX w ]c aw ]h n{Xw {]P m]
tXbXv klPw ]pckv X mXv Bbpjya{Kyw
{]Xnap ip{`w btm]hoXw _eakv X p
tXPx
1. icocn \m`n lrZbw IWvTw {_c{w Cu
\msew Bmhns hntijm\fmWv. Ahbn
\mep NcWfpff {_w {]ImibabamIpp. Pm{KXv,
kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn,Xpcobw CXmWv Bmhns \mev
AhI. Chbn P{Kn {_cq]nepw
kz]v \ n hnjvW p cq]nepw {]Imiabambn
`hnpp.Bmhv, a\v C{nb, Imev, ssI Ch
sbmpw CmXmWv. AXv {]Imiabambn Adnb
sSpp.
2. Cu Bmhv AXmbXv {_w temIn temIkz
cq]a. amXmhv amXrcq]ne, `oe `oecq]ne,
 597

I k\ymkn k\ymknbpsS cq]ne, hm\{]n hm\{] 6. inJtbmsSmw ap\w sNbvXXn\ptijw AXmbXvK

nbpsS cq]nepa, Fm Cu {_w kZm Hp k\ymknbmbXn\p tijw PmRm\nv {_kq{Xw
Xsbmbn \nhmW kzcq]ambn {]Iminpp. ssIshSnbmw bmsXmns\ Ahn\minbmb ]c{_
3. Cu {_n tZhKWtfm EjnItfm ]nXypKW- sav ]dbpp. AXp Xs Cu kq{Xns cq]n
tfm Hcp Ignhpw Dsmffpn. m\w sImp sep {Klnp. AXns\ lrZbn [cnpI.
am{Xta AXns\ Adnbm km[nq. AXv hnZymkzcq 7. ]c{_w lrZbn IpSn sImffppshv ]dbp
]amIpp. Xv. kq{XsaXns Aw ]ca]ZsamWv. Cu
4. Fm PohnIfpsSbpw lrZbn kakvX tZhXIfpw kq{Xns XXzw {Klnh {_mWthZ]mc
\nesImffpp. lrZbnemWv {]mW. ]cammhv KmanbmWv.
aqp kzcq]n ImWsSpp. Cu XYyw kqNnnp
8. NcSnt Ipcp tImnWpXpt]mse
Xn\mbn aqp Cgbpff bkq{Xw AYhm ]qWq
]c{_n kakvX hnizhpw tImnWsn
[cnpp. AXns XXzadnbph AXv hniZampp.
cnpp. AXpsImASmWv kq{Xsa t] InnbXv.
]cammhv lrZbn ssNX\ykzcq]ambn hkn
XXz {ZjvSmfpw tbmKthmfpw Bbh CXv amdv
pp.
[cntXmWv.
5. AXns kqN\ \Ip btm]hoXw Ghpw
]cnipamWv. AXv BZys {]Pm]XntbmsSmw 9. Da tbmKamw ]npScp m\n ]pdsabpff
DmbXmWv BbpjvIcamWXv. AXp a\nemn \o kq{Xw (]qWq) Dt]np sImffs. {_kzcq]s
Dzehpw Dahpamb btm]hoXw [cnWw. AXv AdnbpXmWv kq{Xw. Cu kq{Xw [cnph AtX
_eZmbIhpamWv. ssNX\y kzcq]w Xs. Cu kq{Xw [cnpXp sImv
a\pjy A]hn{X\mIpn.
6. k inJw h]\w IrXzm
_ln kq{Xw XytPXv _p[x 10. m\amIp btm]hoXw [cnp ]pcpj-
mcpsS lrZbn {_cq]amb kq{Xw Dv. As\-
bZcw ]cw {_
bpffhcmWv kq{Xns hmkvXhnInXn a\nem-
XXv kq{X anXn [mctbXv pXv. AhcmWv bYmnepff bm]hoXw
7. kq\mXvk q{XanXymlp [cnph.
kq{Xw \ma ]cw ]Zw 11. m\ inJnt\m m\\njvTm
XXv kq{Xw hnZn Xw tb\ m\ btm]hoXn\x
k hnt{]mthZ]mcKx m\tah ]cw tXjmw
8. tb\ khanZw t{]mXw ]hn{Xw m\apNytX
kqt{X aWnKWm Ch
12. Atcnh inJm \m\ym
XXv kq{Xw [mctbtZymKo
bky m\abo inJm
tbmKhnXzZinhm
k inJoXypNytXhnZzm
9. _lnx kq{Xw XytPXv hnZzm tXtc tIi [mcnWx
\tbmKXzap]mnXx
13. IaWy[nIrXm tb Xp
{_ `mhanZw kq{Xw
sshZnIm {_mWmZbx
[mctbXv bx ktNX\x
ssXXc`n[mXyanZw kq{Xw
10. [mcWmky kq{Xky
{InbmwKw Xn ssh kvarXw
t\mnjvtSm \mipNn`thXv
14. inJm m\abobky
kq{X aKXw tbjmw
m\btm]hoXn\mw D]hoXw N Xbw
tX ssh kq{XhntZmtemtI {_mWyw k^ew Xky
tX Xp btm] hoXn\x CXn {_ hntZm hnZpx

N P

I 15. CZw bPvtRm]hoXw Xp
]caw bXv ]mcmbWw
k hnZzm btm]hoXn
kymXv kXw bn\w hnZpx
11. m\amIp inJ tNhcpw m\n Xs
\njvT tNcphcpw BbhcpsS btm]hoXs
kw_nmsWn bYm m\amWv Ahsc
]cnipcmpXv.
12. bmsXmcp hynv AninJnsbt]mse m\-
nsXmb inJtNcpp. Abmv thsdmcp inJ
th, Ahs\bmWv bYm inJm[mcnbmbpw m\n
bmbpw KWntXv.
13. sshZnIv A[nImcnbmbnpff {_mW
]qWq [cntXpv. FpsImsm AXns\
{InbbpsS AwKambn kzoIcnsncnpp.
14. bmsXmcphs inJ m\abnbmWv Abmfm-
Wv{_thmhv. AXpt]mse m\abamb btm
]hoXapffh\mWv {_mWXzns ]qn tN
h.
15. m\w XsbmWv btm]hoXw. AXpXs
bmWv kht{ijvTw. AXn\m PvRm\nbmWv bYm
n btm]hoXw [cnph. AbmfmWv icn
bmb bPzmhv.
16. GtIm tZh kh `qtXjp KqVx khhym]o
khhym]o
kh`qXmcmm Im[yx
kh `qXm[n
hmkx kmo tNXm tIhtem \nKpW
17. GtImhio kh`qXmcmm
GIw cq]w _lp[m bx ItcmXn
Xamw tb\p ]iyn [ocm
kvtXjmw imnx imizXo t\Xtcjmw
18. Bm\acWnw IrXzm
{]Whw tNmcmcWnw
[ym\ \nY\m`ymkm
t{Xw ]tiyn KqVhXv
19. Xntejp ssXew Z[\oh kn
cw]x t{kmXx kzcWojp Nmn
Gham\y]n PmbtX fku
ktXyss\\w X]km tb f\p ]iyXn
N P
598
20. Du\m`n bYm X\q K
krtX kwlXy]n
Pm{KXv kz]vt\ XYm Pothm
KXymKtX ]p\x
16. GI\mb ]cammhv FmPohnIfnepw KqV\pw
khhym]nbpw kIe `qXfpsSbpw Acmmhpw
kIecpsSbpw Isf \nban _np
h\pw kIe PohnIfpsSbpw kmnbpw ssNX\ykzcq
]\pw ip\pw \nKpW\pamIpp.
17. B GI\pw kIeXns\bpw himph\pw
kIe`qXfpsSbpw Acmmhpamb bmsXmv Xs
GIamb cq]w At\I {]Imcn {]ISampp.
AXns\ bmsXmcp _pnam Xn HXpnbncnp
Xmbn ImWpp, Ahp am{XamWvimn, A\y.
18. Bmhns\ Xmgs AcWnbmbpw Hmmcs
apIfnes AcWnbmbpw Xov [ym\amIp IStIm
epsImv ISv A{]ISamb Bmhns\ kmmXvI
cnWw.
19. F{]Imcw Fffn Fbpw ssXcn s\pw {]hml
n Pehpw hndIn Anbpw A{]IScq]n \ne-
sImffpp. AXpt]mse Bmhpw \psS Dffn
\nesImffpp. B Bmh vX]psImpw kXyw
sImpw {]ISamIpp.
20. FpImen F{]Imcw \qepI ]pdsSppIbpw
Ah Xntev henpIbpw sNpp. AXpt]mse
Pohmmhpw Pm{KZhbnepw kz]v\mhbnepw
hpw t]mbpancnpp.
21. t\{Xw PmKcnXw hnZymXv
IWvt T kz]v\ w kamhntiXv
kpjp]vXw lrZbkvX w Xp
Xpcobw aqZ[v\n kwnXw
22. btXm hmtNm \nht
A{]m]y a\km kl
kv] taXohky
bmXzmapNytX _p[x
23. khhym]n\amm\w
otc kncnhnXw
BhnZymXt]maqew
XZv {_tm]\njXv]Zw
XXv{_tm]\njXv ]ZanXn
21. Pm{KZhbnse sshizm\cs\p t]cpff Bmhv
t\{Xnencnpp. kz]v\ mhbnse ssXPk
 599

I Bmhv lrZbn, \memasXmb Xpcobmh m\s a\nemn m\nbmb hyn ap\m K

bn Bmhv {_c{nencnpp Cs\ bnocpp.
a\nemtXpv.
23. ]men s\st]mse kIeZnnepw hym]vXamb
22. bmsXmcnSv a\pjys hmWnbpw a\pw sN Bmhv X]n\m {]m]nm Ignbpw Cu Bmhv
m km[npn, As\bpff Bmhns XsbmWv {_w. CXmWv D]\njpIfpsS ]ca]Zw.
{_tm]\njv kam]np.

1 `np-tIm-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw [cnv a[p amwkw Fnh hnv {_jn- am-cpsS Krl-

Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]qp- n \npw Fv Dcp-f-am{Xw Blmcw Ign-p- Ibpw tbmK-
Z-NytX ]qky ]qm-Zmb ]q-tahm hin- amw aptJ\ tamw At\z-jn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
jytX 4. AY lwkm \ma {Kma GI-am{Xw \Ktc ]-
Cu ]c-{_ ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu {]]-hpw ]q- cm{Xw tt{X k]vXc - m{Xw XZp-]cn Xh-tkbpwx
am-Ip-p. ]qmb ]c-{_--n \nv ]q-amb Cu tKmaq-{X-tKm-a-bm-lm-cntWm \nXyw Nm{m-b-W-]c- m-
{]]-- ap-m-Ip-p. ]q-n \npw ]qw FSpp bWx tbmtK tam-am-tah {]m-bt
Ign-mepw ]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
lwk-hn-`m-K-n s]Sp k\ym-kn-am {Kman
1. AY `nqWmw tammn\x IpSo-N-I-_- Hcp cm{Xnbpw \K-c-n Ap cm{Xnbpw t{X-n
lp-Z-I-lw-k-]-c-a-lw-tkm-tXn NXzmcx Ggp cm{Xnbpw am{Xw hkn-p-p. Ah tKmaq-{X-tKm-a-bm-
tamw Imwn-p `np-, IpSo-N-I, _lq- lm-cn- Ifpw \nXyhpw Nm{m-bW {hXw A\p-jvTn-p- - hcpw
Z-I, lwk, ]c-a-lw-k Fo \mep {]Im-c-n-ep-v. BWv. Ch tbmK-am-n IqSn tamw tXSp-p.

2. IpSo-NnIm \ma KuXa `c-ZzmP bm-hevIy 5. AY ]c-a-lwkm \ma kwh-Im-cp-Wn-tizX

hkn-j v T - { ]- ` r- X tbm AjvS u {Kmkmw- -c tm
tbmK amt tam-tah {]m-bt
IpSo-Nn-I F hn`m-K-n s]Sp k\ym-kn-Ku-
X-a `c-Zzm-P bm-he - vIy hkn-jvT Fn-h-sc-
tmse Fp Dcp-f-I am{Xw `n-p-sImv tbmK-am--
n IqSn tamw tXSp-p.
3. AY _lq-ZtIm \ma {XnZ--I-a-ep inJm-
b-tm-]-ho-XI
- m-jmb hkv{X-[m-cntWm {_jn-
Krtl a[p-amwkw hP-b nXzm AjvTu-{Km-k
ss`m-N -cWw IrXzm tbmK-amt tam-tah
{]m-bt
_lq-Z-I F hn`m-K-n s]Sp k\ymkn
{XnZw Ia-ep inJm kq{Xw Imjm-b-hkv{Xw Fnh
N P
tIXp PU-`-cX Zm-t{Xb ipI hma-tZh lmco-
X-{]-`r-Xtbm Au {Kmkmw--ctm tbmK amt
tam-tah {]m-bt hr-aqte iq\y-Krtl
ivaim\ hmknt\m hm kmw_ cm hm ZKw-_cm
hm \ tXjmw [m-[ em`m-em`u ipm-ipu
ssZzX-h PnXm ka-tem-j vS m Im\m kh-
htjp ss`m-N-cWw IrXzm kh-{Xm-ss-
thXn ]iyn AY PmX-cq-]-[-cm-\nZzzmx \njv]-
cn-{Klm ip-[ym\ ]cm-bWm B-\njvTm {]mW
km-c-Wmw btYm Imte ss`-am-Nc - x
iq\ym-Kmc tZh-Kr-l -X r-W-I q-S -h-e vao-I-h r--aqe
Ipem-e-i m-em-n-tlm{X imem-\-Zo-]p-fn-\ -Kn-c n-I- -c-
Ip-lc tImSc \nQ-c- - nte X{X {_-am-
t kayIv km ip-am-\kmx ]c-a-lw-k m-

I Nc tW\ k\ym-tk\ tZl-XymKw hn tX ]c-
a-lwkm \mtaXyp]\n-jXv
]c-a-lw-k F hn`m- K- n s]Sp k\ym-kn-am
kwh-I Bcp-Wn, tizX-tI-Xp, PU-`-c- X, Zm-{X-
b, ipI-tZ-h, hma-tZ-h, lmco-X, Fn-h-sc- tmse
Fp Dcpf am{Xw `nv tbmK- am- nIqSn tams
At\z-jn--p. Cu ]c-a-lw-k-m hr aqe-If - ntem
iq\y Krl--entem ivaim-\m-Zn-I-fntem hkv{Xw [cntm
hkv{Xw [cn-m-sXtbm hkn-p-p. Ahv [m-
[m-Zn-I-sf--ntbm em`m-em-`--sf--ntbm ipm-ip-m-
Xn-Is
- f--ntbm Nn- bn-. Ahv ssZzX-`m-h-an-. apw
s]mpw cXv\hpw kam-\-ambn Icp-Xp-p. Fm h--
1 aWv U - e - { _m- - t Wm- ] - \ n- j v 3
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-an-Zw. ]qmXv ]q-
ap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm
hin-jy-tX. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKpw ]q-am-
Ip-p. ]q-amb ]c-{_--n \nv ]q-amb PKv
Dev]-a- m-Ip-p. Cu ]q {_-n \np ]q-
amb PKv amn-\nn-bmepw ]q-amb {_w Ah-
ti-jn-p-p. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
{]Ya {_mWw
1. bm-hevtIym l ssh alm-ap-\n-cm-ZnXy temIw
PKm-a. Xam-ZnbvXp \Xzmt`m `K-h-m-Zn-Xym XXz-
a\p {_qlo-Xn. k tlmhmN \mcm-bWx m\
klnX bam-Zy-jvSmwK tbmK DNy-tX. intXm-jvWm-
lmc \n{Zm-hn-Pbx khZm imn \n-eXz hnj-
tb-{nb \n{K-ls - stX bamx
Kpcp- ` nx kXy- a mm-\ p- c - n. apJm- b X
hkvX\p `h XZz-kvXm-\p-`t- h\ XpjvSn\n-kw-
KXm GIm hmtkm at\m-\ n-h r- n. ^em\
`nemjo sshcmKy `mh \nbamx
kpJm- k - \ - h r- n- nc hmk- X - s - h m- k \
\nbtam `h-Xn. ]qcI Ipw`-I-tc-NssIx tjmUi
N P
600
fn \npw `Ww Ign-p-p. kh-`q-X--sfbpw X-
K
sf-tmse ImWp-p. \-mcpw \nZz-z-mcpw A]-cn-{K-
l-cp-am-W-h. ip-[ym-\-sa tbmK-\n-e-ssI-sm-p--
hcpw B-\n-jvT-mcpw Pohn-m thn-am{Xw `n
tXSp- - hcpw iq\y- m-\--fntem tZhm- e- b- - entem B{K-
a--fntem hmevao- I- ntem hr- p-h-ntem Ipi-h-m- cpsS
hoSp-I-fntem b-im-e-I-fntem \Zo Xoc--entem Kncn-K-
lz-c--fntem Ipntem Ipgn-bntem Acp-hn-If - ntem HmS-
I-fntem Ign-p-Iq-Sn. {_-am-]-cm-b-W-cmbn ip-Nn-
-cmbn ]c-c-a-lw-kv hn[n-n-p BNm-c- A\p-
jvTnv k\ym-k-m tZl-XymKw sNp--hcpw BWv.
]c-a-lw-k-m Fp ]d-b-s-Sp Ch hnin--cm-Wv.
`np-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
NXpx- j jv Sn Zzm{Xnw iXv kwJybm bYm-{Iaw
{]mWm-bmax hnj-tb`yx C{n-bmnt`ym at\m-
\n-tcm-[\ {]Xym-lmcx hnj-hym-h ]qhIw
ssNX-t\ym-tN-X-m-]\w [mcWw `h-Xn. kh-
i-co-tcjvS ssNX-ss\y-IX - m-\Xm [ym\w. kh-i-
co-tcjvS ssNX-ss\y-IX - \
- m-\Xm [ym\w. [ym\-hn-
kvarXnx kam[nx Ghw kqvam KXnx b Ghw
thZ kap-n-`mKv `h-Xn.
alm-ap-\n-bmb bm-he - vIy kqcy-tem-I-n
t]mbn kqcy-tZ-hs\ \a-kvI-cnv tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\,
kqcy tZh, Av Fs B-XXzw D]-tZ-in--Ww.
AXp-tIv kqcy-\m-cm-b-W ]dp: m\-tmSv
tNv bam-Zn-Isf AjvSmw-Kt- bmKw Fv ]d-bp-p.
ioXw, DjvWX - , Blm-cw, \n{Z Ch-bn hnPbw kZm
imn, \n-eX C{n-b--fn \nb-{Ww Ch-bmWv
baw. Kpcp-`-n, kXy-am-n
{]oXn Inp--Xn- kwXr-]vXn, A\m-k-n, GIm-
-hm-kw, a\-ns \nb-{Ww kpJ-ambn Gsd-t\cw
Htc \ne-bn Ccn-p-hm Ignhp Ch Bhiyam-Wv.
]Xn-\m-dp-am-{X-bn ]qc-Iw, Adp-]n \mep am{X-bn
Ipw`-Iw, ap-n-cp am{X-bn tcN-Iw-C-XmWv {]mWm-
bm-a-ns kz`mhw. C{n-b-hn-jb - --fn\npw a\-

I ns\ ]nh-en-p-Xv {]Xym-lm-c-am-Ip-p. hnj-b--
fn \nv ]nn-cn-n a\-ns\ ssNX-\y-n-ep-d - n-
p- -X mWv [mc- W . kI- e - i - co-c - nepw Htc Hcp
ssNX\yw am{Xtabpq. B \ne-bn-ep nc-X-bmWv
[ym\w. [ym\-s--sbpw hnkva-cn-p--XmWv kam-
[n. CXmWv {]mWm-bm- a-ns kqvamw-K-. Ch Adn-
bp-h- apnv Al-\m-Ip-p.
2. tZlky ] tZmjmx `hn Ima- t {Im[
\nizmk `b \n{Zmx Xn-cm-kk - vXp, \nx kw-ev]-
am eLzm lmcm-{]-am-Zm XXztam Z\w. \n{Zm-
`-b-k-co-kr]w lnwkmZn XcwKw XrjvW, hw
Zzmc]w kwkm-c-hm[nw XcnXpw kqvam-a-
h-e w_y kXzmZn KpWm-\-{Xn-{Iay Xmc-I-a-ht- em-
I-tbXx `qa-[y-k-n-Zm-\ tXPx IqS-cq]w XmcIw
{_ XZm-]yp-]mbw ev{X-bm-h-tem-I\ - w.
aqem-[m-cm-Zm-{_-c
- -{-]-cyw kpjp-av \m-kq-
cym-`m. Xty XSnXv tImSn kam arWm-f-Xp
kqvam IpWvU-en-\o. X{X-Xtam \nhrnx
XZvZ i-\m kh ]m]-\n-hrnx XP\y
t{Kmo-enX I-c -{tb ^qXvIm-c-i-_vtZm-P m-
btX X{X- ntX a\kn Npay tPymXnx
]iyXn Ghw lrZ-tb-]n. _ln eyw Xp\m-
kmt{K NXpx jU-j vS-Z-i -Zzm-Z-i mw-Kp-eo`nx {Iam-
oe ZypXn iyma Xz l Zr `wKo-p-cXv ]oX-
h-Zz-tbm-t]Xw thymaXzw ]iyXn k Xptbm-
Ko. Ne-\Z- rjvSym thyma `mK-ho-nXpx ]pcp-jky
ZrjvSy-t{K-tPym-Xn abpJm h-t, XZvZrjvSnx
ncm `h-Xn. iotjm-]cn ZzmZ-imw-Kp-e-am-\-tPym-
Xn. ]iyXn XZm arXz taXn.
a[y-eyw Xp {]mX-n{Xm Zn h kqcy
N{-hn Pzmem heo-h Zznlo-\m--co--h-Xv.
]iy-Xn. XZm Imcm-Imco `h-Xn. A`ym-km-nhn-
Imc KpW-cl - n-Xm-Imi `h-Xn. hnkv^p-c
- m-cI
- m-
Imc KmV-Xtam hiw ]cm-Imiw `h-Xn. kthm-
XvIrjvS ]c-a-Xzo-Xnb {]tZym-Xvam\ XXzm-Imiw
`h-Xn. tImSn kqcy-{]-Im-i-k-miw `h-Xn. Gh-a-
`ym-km-- tbm `h-Xn. b Ghw thZ.
2. Imaw, t{Im[w, \nizm-kw, `bw, \n{Z Ch ico-c
- ns
Ap tZmj--fm-Ip-p. k-ev]-c-ln-X-X, a, Aev]m-
lm-cw, \n`-b-X, XXz-Nn-\w Ch Cu tZmj- AI-
m D]-Ic - npw bmsXm-n \n{Zbpw `bpw k-cq-h-
amWv; lnwk Xnc-am-e-I-fmWv; XrjvW Npgn-bmWv; kv{Xo
Nfn-bm-W v. A-s \-bpevf kwkm-c-k m-K-c- n\nv
Ac IS-p--Xn\v kqva-am-a-h-ew-_nv kXzm-Zn-
Kp-W--f-h-ew-_nv Xmc-I-{_-s [ym\n-W - w. cp
]pcn-I --fpsS a[y-n-emWv Xmc-I{- _-w. A`ymkw
sImv AXv km[n--Ww. AXns D]m-b-sa \ne-bn
N P
601
aqp ey- ImW-Ww. aqem-[mcw apX {_-c{w K
hsc kpjpav\ Fp t]cp kqcy-k-am-\a - mb Hcp
\mUn-bp-v. Xma-c-h-fbw t]mse kqva-amb IpWvU-en-
\n-bp-v. AXn-\m Xtam-KpWw Zqc-n-em-Ip-p. AXns
Zi-\- m kh-]m-]hpw AI-ep-p. NqmWn hnc
sImv cp sNhnbpw AS-m sNhn--I-p-\nv ""`q''
F i_vZw tImw. AXn a\-p-d - n-m t\{X
a[y-n Hcp-tPym-Xnp ImWm km[n-pw. AXp-
t]mse lrZ-b-nepw ImWmw. ]pd-sa-bp eyw
CXmWv aqn\nv \mev, Bdv, Fv, ]v, ]{v
AwKpew Zqc-n {ItaW \oenpw Idppw Npapw
a-pw, D \nd--fpsS an{iWw BIm-i - n-se--
t]mse tbmKnv ImWm Ign- bp-p. N-e-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS
BIm-i - ns a[y-`m-Kv t\mp hynv Hcp
{]tXyI tXP-In-cWw ImWm Ignbpw AXv nc-ambn
\ne-sIm-pw. inc-ns apI-fn ]{v AwKpew \of-
ap {]Imiw ImWm Ign-bp-tm tbmKnv Aa-cXzw
knn-p-p. a[y-eyw CXmWv {]`m-X-n kqcy,
N{, An, Pzme Cu amXr-I- bnepw Ah-bn-m A-
cow t]msebpw Hcp Zriyw ImWm km[n-p-p. Ah-
km\w tbmKnv \nhn-Im-chpw KpW-c-ln-X-hp-amb BIm-
i-n\v Xpey-amb Ah `h-np-p. amlm-Im-i-ns
Zi-\hpw tbmKnv e`n-pw. alm-Imiw {]Im-ia - m-\--
fmb \-{X- \nd an- ep A-Im-c-]q-sa
anepw Zriy-am-Ip-p. {]f-bmn cq]-nepw alm-Imew
A\p-`-h-s-Smw. XXz-Imi Zi-\hpw km[n-pw. IqSmsX
tImSn-W -
- n\v kqcy-m DZn-m-se-t- ]m-ep kqcym-
Im-ihpw ZrjvSn tKmN-c-am-Imw. AX-dn-bp--h A`ym-k-
m AXn X-b-\m-Ip-p.
3. XtZymKw N Zzn[m hnn ]qthm-c hn`m-KXx
]qhw Xp XmcIw hnZymXv Aa-\kvIw
XZp--c-anXn
XmcIw Zznhn-[w. aqn Xmc-Ia - -aqn
Xmc-I-an-Xn.
bZn-{n-bmw Xqn Xmc-Iw. bZv
{`qbp-Km-XoXw
XXv aqn Xmc-Ia - n-Xn. D`-b-a]n at\m-bp--
a-`y-tk-Xv.
at\m-bp-m-c ZrjvSn-kvXm-cI
{]Im-imb `h-Xn.
{`qbp-Ka- -[y-_nte tXPkx Bhn`mhx
GXXv ]qh
XmcIw Dcw Xza-\k - vIw,
Xmeq-aq-tem[z-_mtK
alm-tPym-Xn hnZy-tX. Xi\m
ZWn-amZn knnx

I ety _mlymbmw ZrjvtSm
\nta-tjmt
j hPn-Xmbmw N Cbw imw`ho ap{Zm
`h-Xn. kh-X
t{jp tKm]ym alm-hnZym `h-Xn.
XXv mt\\ kw
kmc \nhr-n. XXv]q-P\w tam ^e-Zw.
A eyw Pe-tPymXnx kzcq]w `h-Xn.
aljn thZyw
A _mly-an-{n-ssb-c-Zr-iyw.
]qthm-c hn`m-K - -fm Cu tbmKw cp hn[-
n-ep-v. ]qh-hn-`mKw Xmc-I-{_-hpw D-ch - n-`mKw
Aa-\-kvI-hp-am-Ip-p. XmcI {_w cp-hn-[-n-ep-v.
aqn Xmc-Ihpw Aaqn Xmc-I-hpw. C{n-b-sf
am{Xw kw_-n- Xv aqn Xmc- Iw. cp ]pcnIpw
aty-bp-Xv Aaqn-Xm-c-Iw. CXp cn-s\bpw a\km
A`y-kn-t--Xp-v. ImcWw at\m-bp-a - mb A
ZrjvSn-bmWv Xmc-I-{_-s ImWp--Xn\v ka-am- p-
-Xv. AsX-p-Sv cp ]pcn-I--fp-sSbpw at[y-bp
Zzmc-n \nv tXP-ns Bhn`m-h-ap-m-Ip-p. CXv
]qh hn`m-K-cq-]-amb Xmc-I-amWv; D-ch - n-`mKw at\m-c-
ln-X-am-Ip-p. Xmep-hns Nph-nse apI `mKv alm-
tPym-Xn-p-v. AXv Zin-m Ign-m AWn-am-Zn-kn-
n-I e`n-p-p. ey-ns AIpw ]pdpw
ZrjvSn \nn-ta-jhpw nc-hp-am-Ip-tm imw`-ho-ap{Z
kw`-hn-p-p. CXv Hcp Xm{n-I-amb alm-hn-Zy-bm-Wv.
AXv Adn- bm Ign-m {]m]-n-IX AIepw AXns
]qP\w tam-Zm-b-Ia - m-Wv. A ey-amb Pes
tmse AXv tPymXn kzcq-]a - m-Wv. aljn-amt AXv
I-dn-bm km[n-q. _mlyhpw B-cn-Ih - p-amb C{n-
b-v AXv hnj-b-a-.
4. kl-{kmtc Pe-tPym-Xn-c-eyw _pn-K p-
lmbmw khmw-K-kp-cw ]pcp-j-cq-]a - -e-y-an-
Xy-]-tc. iojm-K-X-a-WvUe - -a-[yKw ]-h-{-
hp-am-kl
- mbw \oe-IWvTw {]im--a-e-y-anXn
tINn-Xv. AwKp-jvT -am{Xx ]pcp-tjm- ey-an-
tXy-tI. D hnIev]w kh-am-ss-h. Xyw
ipm-Z- rjvSym hm bx ]iyXn k Gh {_-
\njvt Tm `h-X n. Pohw ]-hnw-i Ix kzI-ev] nX
NXphnw-iXn XXzw ]cn-Xy-Py-j-Uh v nwix ]c-amm
lanXn \n- b m- o- h - ptm _h- X n. Gh
a ey Zit\ Pohap-n-Z-im-bmw-kz-b-a- XZ- ` ym- k m- \x ss cyw. XtXm hmbp
ftym `qXzm ]c-am-Im-im-J-WvU -a-WvUtem sscyw. Xn-m\n BZu Xmc-Ih
`h-Xn. XtXm h{P- Z - W w. XXx ]cn- ] q N{- a -
kl-{km-c-Z-f-n Pe-sa t]mse tPymXnv WvUew XtXm cXv\-{]-`m-a-WvUe
Ae-y-am-W.v _pn-bm-Ip Kpl-bn khmw-K-kp- m-Imi aWvUe
-c-\mb ]pcp-js kzcq]w A ey-am-Ip-p. akvX- {IamXv Zriy-tX.
N P
602
Im-K-X-amb aWvU-e-ns a[y-n Ap-ap-J-ap-
K
-h\pw ]mhXo kln-X-\p-amb i-c AXn-im--amb
A ey-am-Ipp Fv ]ecpw Icp-Xp-p. tIhew
s]cp-hn-c-temfw t]m ]pcpj Ae-y-amWv Fv
Nne Nnn-p-p. Cu tZZ--sfmw Hmtcm Iev]-\-I-
fm-Wv. GXp-cq-]-n-em-bmepw ip-amb ]c-{_-s
ImWp-- h-\mWv {_-\n-jvT. Poh Ccp-]--m-as
XXz-am-Wv. Iev]n-X--fmb Ccp- ]-n- \mep XXz-fpw hni-
I-e\w sNbvXv ""Rm Ccp-]n Bdm-a-t-Xmb ]c-am-
m-hm-Ipp'' F `mh\ ]q-ambn `hn-p--h Poh-
p--\m-bn-o-cpw. Cs\ A ey-ns Zi-
I Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. Ah kzbw Ae-y-ambn
Xov ]c-am-Imi cq]-amb AJ-WvU-aW - vUew kzcq-]-
ambn `hn-p-p.
Hmw {_Ww Ign-p.
ZzXob {_mWw
AY l bm hev I y BZn- X y- a - W v U e
]pcpjw ]{]: ""`Kh eym-ZnIw _lp-
t[mw abm-X--mXx XZv {_qln alyw. XZq-
tlm-hm-N. ]`qX ImcWw XSn-XvIp-Sm`w XZz-Xp
]oT-w. Xty XXz-{]-Imtim `h-Xn. tkmXn
iqtVm hyx
Xm\ ]vf_m-[n-cq-t]W tbw. XZv_m-
lym- `y- c eyw. Xty PK- o\w Xm-Z -
_np Iem-Xo-X-a-JW
- vU-ew. XXvk-Kp-W-\nKpW
kzcq-]w. XtZzm hnap:
BZm-a- n-a-Wv U ew XZp-]cn kqcy-a -W vUew
Xt[y kp[m N{-a-WvU-ew. Xty AJ-WvU-
{_-t- X-tPm-a-WvUe- w. XZv hnZyp-t-Jm-hXv ip-
Zm-kz-cw. X-tZh imw`hn e-Ww.
XZv Z i- t \- {X-t bm- Z r-j vS bx Aam {]Xn- ] Xv
]qnam tNXn. \nao-en-XZ- i-\-am-ZrjvSnx Atm-
o-enXm {]Xn-]X - v. kthm-o-e\w ]qnam `h-
Xn. Xmkp ]qn-am-`ymkx Ihyx Xyw
\mkm{Kw XZm Xmep aqte KmV-Xtam ZriytX
X `- ` y m- k m- Z - J - W vU - a - W vU - e m- I m- c - t P y m - X n
ZriytX XtZh kn-Zm-\w {_-`-h-Xn.
Ghw kl-Pm-\t bZm at\m-e o-btX XZm
imw`ho `h-Xn. Xtah tJN-co-am-lp.
- Xv Zriy-tX.
- w. XtXm a[ym-
- w. XtXm hn inJm-a-WvUew

I ]ns b-he - vIy kqcy-a-WvUe- -n Xma-kn-
p ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""`K-hm-s\, Aeyw
XpS-n-bh Av At\I {]Im-c-n ]d-p. F\n-
Xp a\-n-em-bn-. AXv Av IpsdqSn hni-Z-ambn
]dp Xm-epw.'' Atm \mcm-bW ]dp:- ]-
`q-X
- -fpsS ImcWw anqw t]mse-bm-W.v AXn
Hcp NXpx-] o-T-ap- v. AXns a[y-n XXz-ns
{]Imiw `hn-p-p. AXv AXn-Kq-Vhpw Akv]j - vS-hp-am-
Wv. m\-am-Ip \uI-bn Ib-dn-b-ht\ AXv a\-n-
em-m Ign-bq. AXp Xs ]pd-sbpw AI-sbpw
eyw. B XXz-n temIw ebn-n-cn-p-p. AXv \mZ-
_np Ie-bpsS Ap-dv AJWvU aWvU-e-am-Wv. AXv
kKpW \nKpW kzcq-]-am-Ip-p. AXv Adn- m
apn t\Smw. BZys An aWvU-ea - m-Wv. AXns
apI-fn kqcy-a-WvU-ew. AXns a[y-n AJWvU
{_-am-Ip tXtPm-aW - vUew `hn-p-p. AXv an
]nWt]mse shfp- Xpw {]Im- i -a m- \ -h p- a m-I p- p.
AXmWv imw`-ho-ap-{Z-bpsS e-Ww. AXv Zin-m Ign-
m aqp aqn-cq]w ZrjvSn-bn s]Spw. Hv Aam-
hkym cq]w atXv {]Xn-]-Zm-cq]w atXv ]qnam cq]w.
\nao-enX ZrjvSn Aam-hmkym cq]-am-Ip-p. A-\n-ao-
enXw {]Xn-]Zm cq]w; Xpd In-sXv ]u-amko
cq]w. ZrjvSn-I-fn \nv ]qnam cq]-amb ZrjvSn-A-`y-
kn--Ww. AXns eyw \mkm-{K-am-Ip-p. Xmep-aq-e-
n \nv KmV-amb A-Imcw ImW-s-Sp-tm
AXns A`ym-k- m AJ-W vU-a-WvU -em-Im-c -amb
tPymXn-ns Zi\w e`n-p-p. AXp Xs kn-Zm-
\ {_w. CXp-t]m-ep kl-Pm-\m--n a\v eo\-
am-Ip-tm Pohn-Iv imn e`n-p-p. AXns\
tJNco ap{Z-sbv ]d-bp-p. AXns A`ym-k-m
a\v Dd-b v p-p; XpSv hmbp nc-am-Ip-p. AXns
Nnw C- s\-bmWv BZyw \-{X-s- tmse ImWpw.
]ns h{P- - p-t]mse Zriy-am-Ipw. Im-Sn-t]m-sebpw
]q-N-{-s\-tm-sebpw \h-cXv\ {]`-t]m-sebpw aym
kqcy- Xp-ey-ambpw An- Pzmem kZr-iy- ambpw AXv Zriy-
am-Ip-p.
2. XZm ]n-am-`n-ap-J{- ]-Imix kv^SnI {[q{a-_np
\mZ-Iem \-{X-I-tZym-X-Zo-]-t\{X kph-\-h-
c-Xv\mZn {]`m Zriyt XtZh {]W-h-cq-]w.
{]mWm-] m-\-t bm-s scIyw IrXzm [rX Ipw`-
tIm-\m-km-{K-Zk\ ZrV-`m-h\ - b- m-Zzo-Icmw Kpen`nx
jap-Jo-Ic - -tW\ {]Whm [z\ow \n iay a\-
kvX{X en\w `h-Xn. Xky \ I-te] cth-cp-Z-
bm-kvX-a-btbmx Ine I Ihyw Ghw hn]-
n- Z m- Z n- X y- t k ym- Z - b m- k v X - a b `mhmXv kh
I`mhx
i_vZ-I m-e -e -tb\ Znhy-c m-{Xyp-XotXm `qXzm
kh-] -c n-] q- m-t\\ D-\ y-h - m-h - ti\
{_ss Iyw `h-Xn. D\ym Aa-\kvIw `h-Xn.
N P
603
Xky \nnm [ym\w kh I \ncm-I- K
cW amhm-l -\w. \n-b- m-\ -a m-k -\w. D-\ o-
`mhx ]mZyw kZm a\-kvI-aLyw. kZm-Zo]vXn c]m-
cm-arX hrnx kv\m\w. kh{X `mh-\m-Km ZrIv
kzcq-]m-h
- m-\-a-Xmx NnZm]vXnx ]pjv]w. NnZ-
n-kz-cq]x [q]x. NnZm-ZnXy kzcq-]]w Zo]x. ]cn-
]q N{m-a r-X ky GIo- I - c Ww ss\th- Z yw.
\n-eXzw {]Z-n-Ww. tkm l`mthm-\-a-kvImcx
a\w-k vXpXnx kh-k-tm-tjm-hn-kP-\ -an-Xn. b
Ghw thZ.
B L- n ]Sn- mdp `mKs {]Imiw
kv^ SnIw t]mse [q{a-h hpw \mZ-I e \{Xw
JtZymXw Zo]Iw \h-cX - v\- CtX ap-Xpw Bbn
{]Xy--s -Sp- p. AXv {]W-h -ns kzcq-] -am-Wv.
{]mWm-hm-\ - sf tbmPn-nv Ipw`Iw sN-Ww. ]ns
ZrjvSn aqns A{K-n tI{o-I-cnv ZrV `mh- \-tbmsS
cp ssII-fn-sebpw hnc-epIfm japJo ap{Z-Imn
{]Wh \mZw {ihn-p-I. AXn eo\-\m-bm I-
tem]w Dm-hp-I-bn-. kqtcym-Zb - -nepw AkvX-a-\-
nepw Zi\w \S-p-h - v ap I- Bh-iy-
an-. i_vZI - m-e--fpsS ebw Dm-hp-I-bm a\p-jy
Zn\-cm-{X-cl
- n-X-\m-bn-o-cp-p. kI-e-n-sbpw m\w
Dm-hp-I-bm Hcp D-\m-h - -bn-se-p-p. AXns
^e-ambn {_-hp-ambn sFIyw e`np-p. D-\m-h
at\m-c-ln-X-amb \ne-bm-Wv. \nn-Xm-h [ym\-am-Wv.
I-sf ssIsh-Sn-bp- I-bmWv AXns Blzm-\w. \n-
b- m-\-amWv Bk\w; at\m-c-ln-X-\m-I pI ]mZyw;
\nXyhpw at\m-c-ln-X-\m-IpI ALyw; \nXy-{]-Im-ihpw
A]mc AarX cq]-amb hrnbpw kv\m\w; {_ kam-
\-amb `mh\ N\w; Zi\ kzcq-] - n \ne-sIm-p-
Xv Acw; ssNX\y cq]-amb kqcys kzcq]w Zo]-
am-Ip-p. ]cn-]q N{s Aar-X-c-k-hp-ambn GIo-`mhw
ss\th-Zy-am- Ip-p. \n-e-X-bmWv {]Z- n-Ww; Rm AXp
Xs' Cu `mh-\-bmWv \a-kvImcw; au\w Xs kvXpXn;
kh-hn-[ - n-ep-ap ktmjw hnkP\w; CX-dn-bp-
-h {_-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p.
3. Ghw {Xn]p-Smbw \nc-kvXmbmw \nkvXc - wK kap-
{Z-h - n-h m-X - nX Zo]-hXv Ne-] q-`m-h m-`mh
hnlo-\ -s sI-hey tPymXn`-h-X n. Pm{K- n-{`m
]cn- m- t \\ {_ hnZv ` - h - X n. kpj p]v X n
kamt[y at\m-e bm hnti-tj]n al-Z -kvX yp-`-
tbmt`Z kvXa-kn-eo-\-Xzm-apn tlXpXzm `mhm-
. kam[u arXn Xtam- h n- I m- c ky XZm- I mcm
ImcnXm JWvUm-Im-cr-Xym-I kmo ssNXt\y
{]]-e - bx k-ZytX {]]-ky a\x Iev]nb
XzmXv. XtXm-t`-Zm-`m-hmXv IZm-NnXv _ln KtX
]n aYymXz `m\m-Xv. kIr-Z zn-`mX kZm-\-m-\p-`-
sshI tKmNtcm {_n--tZh `h-Xn. bky-k--
 604

I e v] - \ mi x
k y m k y ap n. I tc - n- X m.
XkvamXv `mh-`mhu ]cn-Xy-Py ]c-am--[ym-t\\
aptm `h-Xn. ]p\x ]p\x khm-h - m-kp-m-
\-tbu [ym\-t[zbu eym-ety Zriym
Zrtiy tNml-t]m-lmZn ]cn-Xy-Py Poh-ptm `h-
Xn. k Ghw thZ.
C{]- Imcw Ftm mXmhv tbw m\-cq]w
Cu {Xn]pSn Zqc-n-em-Ip-tm icocw Xcw-K-c-ln-X-amb
kap-{Z-n-s\mw hmbp cln-X-amb m\-p-sh hnf-
n-s\m-]w AN-ehpw A]qhpw `mhm-`m-h-c-ln-Xhpw
tIhew tPymXn-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p, Pm{K-nepw \n{Z-bnepw
m\-m {_-th-m-hm-bn- o-cp-p. kpjp-]vXn-
bnepw kam-[n-bnepw a\-ns ebw kam-\-am-sW-nepw
cn\pw hfsc t`Z-ap-v. kpjp-]vXn-bn a\v Am-
\-n ebn-p--Xn-\m apnv Imc-Wa - m-bn-o-cp-
n-. Fm kam-[n-bn Xtam-Kp-W - ns hnImcw
\jvS-am-Ip-X - n-\m XZm-Im-chpw AJ-WU v m-Im-c-hp-ambn
`hn _pn-bpsS cq]-amb kmn ssNX-\y-n {]]-
-ns ebw kw`-hn-p- p. Fp-sIm-s- m
{]]w a\- n-emWv Iev]n-X-am-Ip--Xv. ]ns Hcp
t`Zhpw _mn \np-Ib - n-. Cu Imc-W - m-emWv
At\-I-{]m-hiyw kam-[n-b n \nv Pm{K-X-\m-bmepw
{]]w anYy-bmbn Adn-bp--Xv. Hcp {]mhiyw kZm-\-
s A\p-`-h-ap-m-bm B ]m{Xw Xs apJy-hn-jb - -
am-bn-o-cpw. AtXmsS a\p-jy {_-th-m-hmbn `hn-
pw. k-ev]-\miw `hn--h\v apn Ic-KX - a
- m-Wv. AXn-
\m `mhm `mh-sf XyPnv ]c-am-m-hns\ [ym\n-p-
I. AXp-Xs apn-p D]mbw. hopw hopw Hmtcm
Ah--bnepw mb-t-b--fp-sSbpw [ym\-t[y-b--
fp-sSbpw eym-e-y--fp-sSbpw Zriym Zriy--fp-sSbpw
Dulm-t]m-lm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw XymKw km[n-m a\p-jy
Poh-p--\m-Ipw. AX-dn-bp-h\v {_-km-m-Xvmcw
e`n-pw.
4. ]m-hm Pm{KXv kz]v\-kp-jp]vXn kvXpco-
bm- X o- X m. Pm{KXn {]hrtm Pohx {]hrn
amm-kx ]m]-^-e\ - c
- -Im-Zn-amwkvXp ip`-I
kzK ^e akvXp CXn Imw-tX.
Ghw k Gh kzoIrX sshcm-KymXv I
^e Pm ew kwkm-c_ - - \ ae-anXn hnap-ym-
`n-apJ \nhrn am-{]-hrtm `h-Xn.
k Ghw kwkm-c -X m-c - W mb Kpcp-a m-{ inXy
ImamZn Xyzm hnln-X-Iam-N-c km[-\N - X
- p-jvS-
b-k-tm lrZ-b-Ia - -e-at[y `K-hXv km-am-{Xm-
ey cq]-am-kmZy kpjp-]vXy-h-mbm ap
{_m-\ kvarXn e_v[zx Gh GtIm-]-a-Zzn-Xobx
InwnXv Ime-a-m\ hrXym-hn-kvarX Pm{K-Zzmk
\ m\ p - ^ - t e \ s s Z P tk m k vaoX n X Z p - ` b
\nhrym {]m CZm-\ o-a- o-X y-c -taI Ghw K
m\-t`-Zm-Z-hm t`Zky ]cw Xp \ln aZ-\y-
ZnXn PmX-hn-thIx ipm-ssZzX {_m-la - nXn `nZm-
Kw \ncky kzmhn-P rw-`nX `m\p-a -W vU e
[ym\-X-Zm-Im-c-cn-ImX ]c-{_--Im-cnX apn-am-
am-cqVx ]cn-]tIzm `h-Xn.
k-ev] m-ZnIw at\m-_--tlXp XZzn-bpw
at\m-tam- mb `h-Xn. XZzmw--p-c mZn _mly
{]]-tm-]-ctXm hnKX {]]-_ - x kh-PK - -
Zm tXz\-] iyw Xzzmlw Itcm {_m-l a
kaoXn Nn-b-nZw khw bZ-bam tXaXn `mh-
bIr-XI - rtXym `h-Xn.
PKXn kz]vaw kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Xpco-bm-XoXw
Fn-s\ Av Ah--I-fp-v. Ch-bn Pm{K-Z-h--
bn hn-p--h {]hr-n-am-n Bk-\ - m-
Ip-p. ]m]-^e - -amb \c-Km-Zn-I A\p-`-hn-p-p. ip`-
I ^e-amb kzw F\np In-Ww. Cs\ Cn-
p hyn sshcmKyw ssIsm-p-p. I-^e - -
ns cq]- n P-n\npw kwkm-c-_--\-n
\npw Abm ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p. apn-bn B`n-
apJyw ssIsm-p-p. As\ \nhrn amw B{i-
bn-pw. B \ne-bn kwkm-c-tam-N\ -
- n\v Kpcp-hns\
B{i- bn- p-Ibpw Imam-Zn-I XyPnv thtZm I-
sNbvXv \mep km[-\ - -fn\npw ap-\mbn `hn-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Cu lrZ-bI - -a-e-ns a[y-n GI-
am-{X-\mb `K-hm km-cp-]a - mb Aeyw {]m]n-
p-Ibpw kpjp-]vXn-c-ln-X-amb {_m-\w kvacn-,v Xm
AZzn-Xo-b-\m-sWv IcpXn CSbvv B-kz-cq]w ad-
mepw Pm{K-Zm-h--bnse hmk\ \nanw ""Rm tXP-
m-Ipp'' F `mh\ Ie-cp-p. As\ Pm{KXv
kz]v\m-h--I-fn \nv AIv kpjp-]X v n-bn ""Rm
{]m-\m-Ipp'' Fv Nnn-p-p. AtXm ""Rm GI-
\m-Ipp'' F A\p-`q-Xnbpw DZn-p-p. Ah-m-\p-t`-
Z-m-ep hnhn[ `mh-\I - -fmWv; hkvXpX Hp-Xs - .
C- s\-bp hnth-I-ap-m- bm "Rm ip-amb AssZz-
X-{_w Xs- bmWv' F A\p-`hw Dm-hp-I-bm t`Z-
`m-h-ns kIe hk-\-Ifpw \in-p-p. Xs Dn
{]Im-in-p tXtPm-aW - vU-e-ns [ym\-m XZm-
Im-c-ambnov ]c-{_-k - z-cq]w {]m]nv ap-a-am-
cq-V \pw ]cn-] -I z-\ p-a m-b n- o-cp- p. k-e m-] n-Z -I sf
{]m]n a\v tam Imc-Wh - p-am-Wv. PohnX kzcq-]-
n tamw {]m]n-p Bmhv Np-cmZn _mly
{]]--n \nv hnK-X-\m-Ip-p; Abm-fn {]]
_-\-an-. PK- ns\ Abm Bm-h n-s \-tmse
ImWp-p. Al-mcw XyPnv ""Rm {_-am-Ipp'' F
Nn Iev CsXmw Bm-hmWv F `mh-\-tbmsS
IrX-Ir-Xy-\mbn `hn-p-p.

N P

I 5. kh-]-cn-]q Xpco-bm-Xo-X-{_m `qtXm
tbmKo `h-X n. Xw {_tXn kvX ph- n. kh
temI-kvXp-Xn-]m{Xw kh-tem-Ik - -m-c-ioex ]c-
am--K-Kt\ _npw \ny]y ipm ssZzXm-PmUy
kl-Pm-a-\-kvIt- bm-K-\n{Zm AJ-WvUm-\ ]Zm-\p-
hrXym Poh-ptm `h-Xn.
Xm-\ ap{Zm-amx tbmKn-t\mSx `h-n. XZ-
t]-bm C{m-Zbw kzev]m-\mx Ghw {]m]vXm
\x ]c-a-tbmKo `h-Xo-Xyp-]\
- n-j-Xv.
B tbmKn kh-hn-[-nepw ]cn-]q-\mbnov
Xpco-bm-XoX {_-kz-cq-]-am-bn-o-cp-p. Ah {_-
am-Ipp Fv Bfp-I Ahs\ {]iw-kn-p-p. As\
Abm {]iwkm ]m{X-am-Ip-p. km-cn-bmb Ign-bp-p.
]c-amm cq]-amb BIm-i - n _np m]nv ipm-
ssZzX PU-Xm-cl - n-X\
- mbn kl-P-a-\-cl
- n-Xa
- mb nXn-
sbp ]d-bm-hp tbmK-\n-{Z-bn AJ-WvUm-\--a-\p-`-
hnv Poh-p--\m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp tbmKn B\--
k-ap-{Z-a--\mWv; Cs\ B\w A\p-`-hn--h ]c-a-
tbm-Kn-bm-Ip-p. CXmWv clkyw
cmw JWvUw Ign-p.
XrXob {_mWw
bm-he - vtIym-a-lm-ap-\na-Wv Ue ]pcpjw
] {] - O - k zm- a n- - a \ k vI e - - W - a p - - a - ] n.
hnkva rXw ]p\-kvX -e - Ww {_qloXn XtYXn
aWvUe ]pcptjm {_hoXv. CZ-a-a-\k - vI-aXn cl-
kyw. bm-t\\ IrXmtm `hXn XnXyw
imw`ho ap{Zm nXw. ]c-am--ZrjvSym XXv {]Xy-
b-e-ymWn ZrjvSzm XZ\p kth-ia {]ta-b-aPw
inhw ]cm-Imiw \ncm-ew-_a - -Zzbw {_ hnjvWp-
cp-{Zm-Zo-\m-taI eyw kh-Im-a-cWw ]cw {_m-
-t\yh ]iy-amt\m Kplm-hn-l-c-W-t ahw \n-
tb\ mXzm `mhm-`m-hmZn Zzzm-XoXx kphn-Zn-X-
a-t\m- -\y-\p-`-h-k vX -Z-\- c aJn-te-{n-b-h-i m-c -a-
\kvI kpJ-{_-m-\ kapt{Z a\x {]hm-lt- bm-
K- c q] \nhm- X - n- X - Z o- ] - h - Z - N ew ]cw {_
{]m]vt\mXn
XXx ipjvI-hr--hXv aqOm-\n-{Zm-ab \nizm-
tkm-zmkm `mhm-jvS Zzzm kZm Ne Km{Xx
]c-a-imnw kzoIrXy a\x {]Nmc iq\y ]c-am-
\n eo\w `h-Xn.
]bx {kmhm- \ - cw t[\p- k vX \ oc-a n- h -
kth-{nb ht ]cn-\jvtS at\m \mix `hXn
XtZ-hm-\-a-kvI w. XZ\p \nXy-ipx ]c-am- m-l-
anXn XXz-akn Xyp ]tZ-ti\ Xzta-hm-la - -l-tah
XzanXn Xmc- I - t bm- K - a mtW AJ- W v U m- \
]qx IrXmtm `h-Xn.
N P
605
]cn-]q ]c-am-Im-i-am-\-a\mx {]m]vtXm-\
- y- K
hx kw\ykvX kth-{nb hw At\-I -P-
mPnX ]pWy ]pRvP] - Iz ssIhey ]tem AJ-
WvU m-\ \nckvX kh-ti Iiva -tem-{_-m-
kvanXn IrX-IrtXym `h-Xn.
Xta-hmlw \ t`tZm kvXn ]qWXm nc-
am- \x
CXyp- -c kam-e nwKym injyw ]vX na
\o\-b -Xv .
alm-ap-\n-bmb bm-h-evIy kqcy aWvU-e-n
Xma-kn-p ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""kzman, Aa-\-
kvI-n-Xn-bpsS eWw Ap ]d-p. Fm Rm
AXv ad-p. AXp-s Imv AXv hopw ]d- m
sImmw.'' hfsc \Xv Fp ]dv B aWvUe ]pcp-
j XpSv Cu Aa-\ kvI nXn-b psS kzcq]w
F{Xbpw cl-ky- a-b-amWv AXns m\-ap-m-bm a\p-
jy IrXm-a-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ah Ftmgpw imw`-
ho-ap-{Zm-bp-\- m-Ip-p. ]c-am ZrjvSn-bm AXns
A\p-`hw km[y-am-Ip eyw I-Xn-\-ptijw kI-e-
cp-sSbpw Cuiz-c {]am-W - -fm Adn-bm Ign-bm--
h\pw inh\pw ]c-am-Im-i\pw \ncm-{i-b\pw AssZz-Xhpw
{_-hnjvWp cp{ZmZn cq]w IeXpw kI-e-n\pw
Imc-W-hp-amb ]c-{_-s Xs Bm-hn ImWp
]pcp-j lrZ-b-am-Ip Kpl-bn At-l-ns hnlm-
cs \n-b-]qh-ambpw A\p-`-hn-p-p. ]ns kIe
C{n-b-fpw \in-p--Xn\v Aa-\-kvI-n-Xn-bpsS kpJ-
cq-]a
- mb {_m-\--ns kap-{Z-n Ahs a\v
HgpIn \opp; Bh-iy-n\v hmbp tN Zo]w
t]mse AN-e-amb ]c-{_-s {]m]n-p-p. DW-nb
hr-s-tmse aq-bpsS \n{Zm-ab nXn-bp-sSbpw
Ah--bn izmtkm-zm-khpw Cm-Xm-Ip-p. AtXmsS
kpJ ZpxJm-Zn-Zz-z--fpsS \mihpw `hn-p-p. Abm
nc Km{X-\mbn `hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cs\ ]c-a-
imn ssIsmv a\v {]Nmc iq\y-am-Ipp; ]c-am-
m-hn eo\-\m-Ip-p. ]mev hn-bm-ep ]ip-hns ape-
I-fpsS Ah- C{n-b--fpsS {]h-\c - -ln-X-amb
Hcp Ah A\p-`-hs - -Sp-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv Aa-
\-kvIs nXn. AXn-\p-tijw ""\nXy-ip--amb ]c-am-
mhv Rm Xs-bmWv'' Cs\ "XXz-akn' F hmIy-
ns D]-tZiw {]m]vX-ambn "\o Xs- bmWv Rm; Rm
Xs-bmWv \o' Cs\ XmcI {_- cq- ]- amb tbmK-amw
Ah-ew-_np hyn IrXm-\m-Ip-p.
bmsXm-cp-hs a\v ]cn-]q ]cm-Im-i-n a-
ambn Xocp-p. Ah D-\m-h {]m]n-p-p. Ahs
C{n-b--sfmw hnap--am-Ip-p. At\I P--fn
{]m]n-m Ign ]pWy kaq-l-m Ahs ssIh-
ey-cq-]a
- mb ^ew ]Iz-am-Ip-p. AJ-WvU-amb B\w

I A\p-`-hn-m Ign-bp--Xn-\m kI-e-ti cq]-amb
]m]hpw Zqc-n-em-Ip-p. ]ns "Rm {_-am-Ipp'
F `mh-m Ah IrX-Ir-Xy-\m-Ip-p. "]c-am-mhv'
]q-am-Ip-p. AXn-\m \o Xs-bmWv Rm Cs\ hyk\ I IrXv . Xt\m hnebw bmXn
D-cnv Kpcp injys\ kinv Cu mt\m-]t- Ziw
\nh-ln- p.
aqmw {_mWw Ign-p.
NXp {_mWw
1. AY l bm-he - vtIym-a-WvUe ]pcpjw ]{]
thyma ]-I-e-Ww hnkvXt- c-Wm-\p-{_q-lo-Xn.
ktlm-hm-Nm-I miw alm-Imiw kqcym-I miw ]c-
am-Im-i-anXn ]-`h - - n. k_m-lym-`y--ca
- -I
- m-
c-a-b-am-Im-iw. k`ym-tc Imem-\-e-k-Zriw ]cm-
Imiw k _mlym-`ym-tc. A]-cn-an-X-Zyp-Xn-\n`w
Xzw alm-Im-iw. k_m-lym-`ym- tc kqcy-\n-
`m-kq-cy-Im-iw. A\nh-N-\ob tPymXn. kh-hym-
]Iw \nc-Xn-ib - m-\ eWw ]c-am-Imiw Gh-a-
eym-Zi-\m- -{Zq-t]m-`-h -Xn.
\ h N{Iw jUm [mcw {Xneyw
thyma ]Iw
kay-tK-Xm Pm\m Xn k tbmKo
\matXm `th-Xv.
]noSv bm-h-evIy kqcy-a-WvU-e-n, hkn-
p ]pcp-j-t\mSv tNmZnp: ""Av BIm-i - ns a\v aqp PK-p--fp-sSbpw Dev] - n-nXn kwlmc
eWw Av hnkvX-cnp ]d-bWw'' Atm Atlw
]dp: ""BIm-iw, ]c-am-Im-iw, alm-Im-iw, kqcym-Im-
iw, ]c-am-Im-iw, Ch-bmWv Av BIm-i-. Dnepw
]pdpw {]f-bm-Im-e-nse An-bvsm--XmWv ]mcm-
Imiw; AIpw ]pdpw A]-cn-an- X-amb Imn-t]m-ep
XXz-am-XmWv alm-Imiw; Dnepw ]pdpw kqcys\
t]mse Ah-\o-b-am-b-amWv kqcym-Im-iw, \nc-Xn-i-b-
amb B\--kz-cq-]-amWv ]c-am-Im-iw, GtXXp cq]-nepw
`mh-nepw Zin-p-hm-\m-{K-ln-p-pthm AtX-`m-h-
nepw cq]-nepw Hmtcmv ImWm Ignbpw; \h-N-
{Iw, jUm-[m-cw, aqp-e
- y-, Am-Imiw Ch icn-
-dn-bm tbmKn tbmKn-sbp ]d-bm Al-\-.
Amw {_mWw Ign-p.
]a {_mWw
1. khn-jbw at\m _mb \nhn-jbw aptb
`h-Xn. AXn khw Nn-tKm-Nc - w. XtZh Nnw
\ncm-{ibw at\m--\y-hm ]cn-]I- z-eb tbmKyw
`h-Xn. Xbw ]cn-]qt-abn ka`y tkXv. at\m-
e-b-Im-cW alm-ta-h.
N P
606
K
A \ m- l - X - k y - i - _ vZ k y X k z i _ vZ k y
tbm[z\nx [zt\ cKXw tPymXn tPymXn-c -
KXw a\x ba \kv{Xn-P -K Xv krjvS n nXn
XZznjvtWm ]cam ]Zw. X-bmXv ipm-s sZzX
knn t`Zm-`m-h m-X v. GX-tZh ]c-a -X - zw. k
Xtm _mtem- ]nim-N-hZv PU hrym
temI-am-Nt- c-Xv, Gh-a-a-\-kvIm-`ym-tk-ss\h \nXy
Xr]vX n- c ev] ap{X ]pco-j -a nX t`mP-\ - Z r-V mwK
PmUy-\n-{Zm-Zr-Kvhmbp Ne\m `mh {_ Zi\m
mX-kpJ kzcq] knn `h-Xn.
Ghw Nnc kam-[n-P\ - nX {_m-arX ]m\ ]cm-
btWm ku k\ymko ]c-a -lwk Ah-[ qtXm
`h-Xn. Xi-t\\ kIew PKXv ]hn{Xw `h-Xn.
XXv tkhm- ] tcm Atm]n aptm `h- X n.
XXvI p-e-ta-tIm-c
- -iXw Xmc-b-Xn. Xm-Xr-]n-Xr-
Pmbm ]Xyhw N apw `h-Xo-Xyp-]\ - n-j-Xv.
hnj-bm-k--amb a\v _-\-n-\n-cb - m-Ip-p.
hnj-b-hn-ap--amb a\v apn-n-W-p-p. AXn-\m
kakvX PKpw Nn-ns hnj-b-am-Ip-p. AtX
Nnw Xs \ncm-{i-b-n\v tbmKy-am-Ipw. Cu eb-
ns ]cn-] q-amb "Fn' A`ymkw sNp-I.
ImcWw a\v eb-ns Imc-Wa - m-Wv. A\-l-Z-i-_vZ-
n-sbpw i_vZ-n-\p-n [z\n-bp-v, AXns Dn
tPymXnv hkn-p-p. tPymXn-ns Dn a\v; Cu
cq]-amb Iw sNp Cu a\v bmsXm-n hnebw
sImp-p. AXp-Xs hnjvWp-hns ]c-a-]-Zw. AXn
a\v ebn-p--tXmsS ip AssZz-X-knn kw`-hn-p-
p. Imc-Ww, AXns ]nn bmsXmcp t`Z-`m-hhpw
C. AXp-X s ]c- a -X -X zw. AX-d n-b p ]pcp-j
_met\m D-t\m ]nim- Nns\ t]mse PU- hr- n-tbmsS
temI-n {]hn-p-p. C-s\-bp A\y-a-\-kvX-
n-Xn-bpsS A`ym-k-m \nXyhpw Xr]vXn e`n-p-p.
Blmcw hfsc Ipd-p-am{Xw aXn-sb \ne-hc - p-p.
Fmepw icocw _en-jvT-am-Ip-p. PUX Dm-hn-.
\n{Ztbm I-S-btem Dm-hn-. {_ Zi-\ - n-\mbn
kpJ-ab - -kz-cq] knn-bpsS m\-ap-m-Ip-p. Cs\
Gsd kabw kam[n A`y-kn-pXn\m Dev] - -amb
{_-cq-]-amb AarXw ]m\w sNp-I-bm k\ym-kn-bmb
]c-a-lw-k Ah-[q-X-\m-Ip-p. Abm-fpsS Zi-\ - m
kakvX PKpw ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. Abmsf tkhn-m
Xev]c - -\mb Am-\nbpw ap-\m-Ipw. Abm Xs
Ipe- nse \qn-sbmv Xe-ap-ds- bbpw ip-am-p-p.
Abm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm--mcpw kv{Xok-m-\-fpw ap-
cm-Ip-p. Cs\ D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
aWvUe {_mW D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
 607

I K
1 a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw 5. Kuc-\m-Zy--h-Xokm
Hmw ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]q- P\n{Xo `qX-`m-hn\o
ap-Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hm-h- knXm-knXm N cm N
in-jytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx kh-Ima ZpLm hnt`m
B ]c-{_w kh-hn-[-nepw ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu A[ymkw sImmWv amb Adn-b - s -S p- Xpw
hniz-{]-]w ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-amb AXn \np- hnkvXmcw {]m]n-p-Xpw t{]cn-n-p--Xpw. Cu lwkw
amWv Cu ]qw A`n-hy--am-bn-p--Xv. ]q-n Xs ]pcp-jmw P\n-n-p-p. AXn-\m {]]w
\nv ]q-sa- Sp-mepw ]qw Xs Ah-ti-jn-p- p. A[n-jvTn-X-hp-am- W.v amb ]c- am- m-hn\v Ima-t[- \p- hn\v Xpey-
Hmw imnx imnx imnx am-W.v AXv BZy-- c-ln-Xhpw kh-am-Xmhpw kh-t]m-j-
1. AjvS-]mZw ipNnw lwkw I- hp-am-Wv. AXv Npa-v, shfp- ,v Idp- v, Fo h- -tfmSp
IqSn-bXpw Fm A`n-hpw sImSp-p--Xp-am-W.v
{Xnkq-{X-aWp ahybw
{Xnhm\w tXPtkm f lw 6. ]n_-ty-\m-a-hn-j-bm
khXx ]iy--]-iyXn ahn-mXmw Ipam-c Imx
GIkvXp ]n_tX tZh
Fp ]mZw tNXpw ipNnbpw DPz-e-kz-cq-]nbpw {Xn-
kq-{X-k-lnXhpw kpkq-vahpw Ahn-\m-inbpw Bbnp- kzt f {X him-\pKx
Xv Rm Xs- bm-Ip-p. tXtPm-cq-]n-bpw kp{]-Im-in-X- m\-an-m Poh Cu ]ip-hns\ Id-p-p.
hp-amb B Bm-hns\ kh{X ImWp-p-s-nepw Fs- m AXv hnj-bhpw Ahn-m-X-hp-am-W.v temI-
ImWp- n-. n Htc Hcp ]c-am-mhp am{X- amWv kI-eXpw X\n--
2. `qX-k-tm-lt\ Imte [o-\-amn kzw Cu ambsb ]m\w sNp--Xv.
`nt Xakn sshJtc 7. [ym\-{In-bm`ymw `K-hm
Ax ]iyn kXzm `pvXtX f ku {]k-l-Zzn`px
\nKpWw KpW-K-lztc kh-km-[m-cWow t`m{ow
\nKp-W-am-sW-nepw KpW-am-Ip Kpl-bn {]Xn- ]ob-am\m Xp bPz`nx
jvTn-X-am-b-Xn-\m Pohn-Isf tamln-n-p Icm-f-tam-lm- Fmhp-ambn Idp- - hfpw bmn-I-cm Zm\w
- Imcw \-am-Ip-tm kXz-Kp-W- n-X-cmb hyn-I sN-s-Sp--hf - p-amb Cu tKmhns\ `K-hm [ym\-{In-bm-
AXns\ AxIc-Wn Zin-p-p. Zn-I-fm A\p-`h
- n-p-p.
3. AiIyx tkm\y-Ym-{Zp 8. ]iy-ykymw alm-m\x
[ymb-am\x Ipam-c ssI kphw ]n-em-i\w
hnIm-c -P-\ -\o-a- m DZm-ko\w {[phw lwkw
a-cq-]m-aPmw {[phmw kv\mX-Im-[z-c ythm PKpx
hn`n--cq-]-n [ym\n-m Am-\n-Iv AXv alm-m kph \nd-ap ]n-e-^ew `n-p-
ImWm Ignbp-Ib - n-. B nXn-bn hnIm-c-P-\-\nbpw Ibpw DZm- ko- \hpw Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb lwks amb-bn
Abpw AN--e-bp-amb amb-sb-bmWv Ah [ym\n- ImWp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-s\--s-bmWv kv\mX-I-
p--Xv. mcpw A[z-cyp-fpw Km\w sNp--Xv.
4. [ymbtX f [ymknXm tX\ 9. iwk--a-\p-jw-kn
X\ytX t{]cytX ]p\x _lzrNmx imkv{X tImhnZmx
kqbtX ]pcp-jmw N cY-cw _rlXv kma
tXss\ hm[n-jvTn-Xw-P-KXv k]vX sshss[kvXp KobtX
N P
 608

I imk-{- tIm-hn-Z-mcpw EtKz-Zn-Ifpw kvXpXn-sN-p-- 15. NXphnw-i-Xn-kw-JymXw

K
h-cp-samv Cu lwks kvXpXn-p-p. AXn-\mbn cY- hy-a-h y--tah N
cw Fv t]cp kmas Ggp-{]-Im-c-n Km\w
sNp- p.
AssZzX ssZzX-an-Xymlp
kv{Xn[m Xw ]Ym XYm
10. at{m-]-\n-jZw {_
]Zy-{I-a-k-a-\ znXm ]ecpw CXns\ Ccp-]-n-\m-em-as kwJy-sbpw
]ecpw Ahy--sap At\Iw t] hy-sap ssZzX-
]wn `m-hm-tlytX
sap ]d-bp- p. AXp- t]mse Nne AXns\ {Xnhn-[-sapw
lyYhmtWm `rip-amx
A`n- {]m-b-s-Sp- p.
{_w a{- -epsS clkyw Xs- bmWv AXn-s\- -
s-bmWv `m-h-tKm-{X-P-\mb D-a-mcpw AYth-Zn-
16. {_mZyw mh-cm-wN
Ifpw ]Z-{I-a-tmSp IqSn sNmp--Xv. ]iyn m\ Npjx
11. k {_-Nm-cn-hr-n Xta-I-tah ]iyn
kvXwt`m f Y ^en-Xk- vXYm ]cn-ipw`w hn`pw ZznPmx
A\-Uzmtcm-ln-tXm- nx m\- Zrn tN F{Xtbm ]n-X-m {_mhp
]iyt _lp-hn-kvXcw apX PU-]-Zmw hsc-bp Fm {]]--sbpw
AXn-a-lm-\mb Hcp {]`p-hns cq]-n ImWp-p.
]c-am- mhv {_-N- cy-hr-n-tbmSp IqSn-bXpw kvXw`w-
t]mse ZrVhpw ^e-bp-hpw Bbn-kw-km-c-i-ISw \nb- 17. bkvan kh-anZw t{]mXw
{nv Npa \ndhpw ap-Xpw XyPn--tijw hnim-e-cq-]- {_ mhc PwKaw
n ImW-s-Sp-p.
Xkvan-th ebw bm{n {k-hyx
12. Imex {]mW `K-hm
kmKtc bYm
arXbp ithm atl-izcx
mhc-Pw-K-am--Ia- mb Cu {]]w GXn-emtWm
Dt{Km `h cp{Z
tIm-s-n-cn-p-Xv AXp XsbmWv {_w. \Zn-I
kkpcmx kmkpcm kvXYm
kap-{Z-n hnebw {]m]n-p--Xp-t]mse khhpw Cu
Ime, {]mW, arXyp, ih, atl-iz-c D{K {_-n hnebw {]m]n-p-p.
`h cp{Z Fn-h-tcmSpw tZhm-kp-c-m-tcmSpw tN-
XmWv Cu ]c-am-m-h.v 18. bkvan `mhm {]eo-bt
eo\m-m-hy-Xmw bbpx
13. {]Pm-]-Xn hncmZv ssNh
]iyn hyXmw `qtbm
]pcpjx kene tah N
kvXpbtX a{-kw-kvX pssXy Pbt _pZv_pZm Ch
cYh-hnZn ssXhn`px Ipan-f-I Fs\ Pe-n D-hn-p. AXn
Xs ebw {]m]n- p-p. AXp-t]mse kI- e-]- Zmfn
Cu kh-hym-]n-bmb ]pcp-j Xs-bmWv {]Pm-]-
epw GXn P\nv GXn-emtWm AZr-iy-am-Ip-Xv AXp
Xn-bmb hncmSv cq]-ambpw Pe-cq-]a
- mbpw kvXpXyl-\mb
AYh thZ-nse {]kn \ma--fm kvXpXn--s-Sp- Xs-bmWv {_w m\n-I B {_s ImWp-p.
-Xv. 19. t{X-m-[n-jvTnXw ssN hm
14. Xw jUv hnwiI CtXytX ImcssWx hnZytX ]p\x
k]vXh- nwiw XYm ]tc Ghw k `K-hm tZhw
]pcpjw \nKpWw kmwJy ]iy-yt\y ]p\x ]p\x
aYh-in-ctkm hnZpx
t{X-t-{X cq]- n B {_w kh-
Ccp-]n Bdm-as XXz-sapw Ccp-]n Ggm- nepw hkn-p-p. Imc-W--fm-emWv AXv Adn-b-s-Sp-
as XXz-sap ]ecpw CXn-s\-n ]d-bp-p. AYh-h- - Xv. C- s\-bp t{X- - \mb `K-hms\ m\n- I
tZ-nse D]-\n-j- p-I CXn-s\--s-bmWv \nKp-W- hopw hopw Zin-p-p.
kmw-Jy-sav ]d-bp--Xv.

N P

I 20. {_ {_t-Xy-Ym-bmn
tb hnZp {_m-kvXYm
Ass{Xh tX ebw bmn
eo\m-m-h y- -im-en\x
eo\m-m-hy imen\x CXyp-]-\n-jXv
1 alm-\m-cm-b-tWm-]-\n-jv 3
imn]mTw
lcnx Hmw. iw t\man{Xx iw hcpWx
iwt\m`hXpcyam.
iT \ Ct{m _rlkv] Xnx iw t\m
hnjvW pcpcp{Iax at\m {_tW.
\akvtX hmtbm.
Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_ hZnjman. EXw hZnjyman
kXyw hZnjyman XmahXp. XZzmcahXp.
AhXp amw AhXp hmcw.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(lcn Hmw an{X hcpW Acyamhv C{ _rl-
kv] Xn Dcp{Ia\mb hnjvW p Chscmw \apv awKfw
sNs. {_n\v \akvImcw. hmbptZhm, Atbvv
\akvImcw. ApX {]Xyamb {_w. Asb-
s {]Xy {_w Fv ]dbpp. Rm EXw
]dbpw. Rm kXyw ]dbpw. hmbpcq]nbmb {_w
Fs cns. BNmcys\ cns Fsbpw
BNmcys\bpw cns. hnLv\v imnbp-
mIs.)
Hmw kl \mhhXpx kl \u `p\p
kl hocyw Ichmhssl. tXPkzn\n \m
h[o XakvXp. am hnZznjmhsslx
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
(]c{_w Kpcpinjymcb R cpt]scbpw
cns. R Hcpanv t]mjWw {]m]ns,
Hcpanv IIpieX t\Ss. RfpsS A[yb\w
N P
609
{_s Adn-bp--h-cmb {_m-W {_s K
{]m]n- p-p. Ah AXn hnebw {]m]nv Ahy `mh-
n tim`n-pp Fv D]-\n-jv
a{n-tIm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
DXvIrjvSamIs. R ]ckv]cw hntZzjw ]pem-
Xncns.)
1. Aw`ky]mtc `ph\ky at[y
\mIky ]rjvtT altX alobm
ipt{IW tPymXowjn ka\p{]hnjvSx
{]Pm]XncXn Kt` Ax
(A ]m ca mb A w` nep w `p h \ a[ y ne p w
k z ns ]r j v T ne p w h y m] cn ncn p
alnepw almb {]Pm]Xn ip{Im (_oPcq]w)
tPymXnpIfn A\p{]hnjvS\mbn K`n\pn
{]hnpp.PohnIfpsS PmZn]cnWman\p
ImcWw ]c{_w Xs)
2. bkva nnZw kw N hnssNXn kw
bkva n tZhm A[n hntiz \ntjZpx
XtZh {`pXw XZp `hyam
CZw XZtc ]cta thyma.
(CsXmw bmsXmn tNcpIbpw hnebnpIbpw
sNpp. Fm 2 tZhmcpw bmsXmn sFizcy
tmsS ]pecpp. AXpXs IgnXpw hcm
t]mIpXpw Fm CXv A\izcamb ]ca thyman
(BImin) \ne\nevpp.
3. tb\mhrXw Jw N Znhw alow N
tb\mZnXykvX ]Xn tXPkm {`mPkm N
bax kapt{Z Ihtbm hbn
bZtc ]cta {]Pmx
(bmsXmpsImv BImihpw tZymhpw alnbpw

I BhrXamWv bmsXmp sImv BZnXy DjvWw
sImpw {]Imiw sImpw X]npp. bmsXmcphs\
IhnI (m\nI lrZb kap{Zn kmmXv
cnpp. ]cahpw A\izchpamb bmsXmcp kXyn
{]PI ]pecpp. AXmWv ]ca{_w.
4. bXx {]kqXm PKXx {]kqXn
tXmtb\ Pohm hyNk `yqaymw
btZmi[o`yx ]pcpjm ]ipw
hnthi {`qXm\n NcmNcmWn.
(bmsXmn \nv Clns {]kqXnbmb {]Ir
Xn Dmbn. Pem `qanbn PohnIsf krjvSnp.
bmsXmv Huj[nItfmSpIqSn hynIsfbpw, arK
sfbpw NcmNc`qXsfbpw Dsmp.
5. AXx ]cw \m\yZWobkw lo
]cmXv ]cw bltXm almw
btZIahya\cq]w
hnizw ]pcmWw Xakx ]ckvXmXv
(bmsXmv ]csm ]camWv, almbnp
Xn \npw almWv. Ahyhpw hnhn[cq]hpw
]pcmX\hpw AImcn\p ]pdpXpw AXnepw
]cambn _rltm, AWptm Bbn bmsXmpan
F \nebnepXpw BWv AXmWv ]c{_w.)
6. XtZhw XZp kXyaml
kvXtZh {_ ]caw Iho\mw
CjvSw ]qw _lp[m PmXw Pmbam\w
hnizw _n`n `ph\ky \m`nx
(AXp Xs EXw, AXpXs kXyw, AXpXs
m\nIfpsS ]c{_w. {ipXnkva rXn Ifpw
AXpXs. `h\ns \m`nbmbn _lphn[n
PmXhpw DmIsSpXpw Cu temIs \nb{np
Xpw AXpXs. B ]c{_w.
7. XtZhmnkvXZvh mbpkvX Xv
kqcykvXZp N{amx
XtZh ip{IaarXw XZv{_ XZm]x
k {]Pm]Xnx
(AXpXs An, hmbp, kqcy, N{, \
{X, AarXw AXv lncayK`\mIpp. AXv Peam
Ipp. Ah {]Pm]Xn krjvSn Imhv BIpp.)
8. kt \ntajm Pntc
hnZypXx ]pcpjmZ[n
Iem aplqmx ImjvTmmtlmcm
{Xm kix
N P
610
9. Aamkm amkm EXhmx kwh K
c Iev]mw
k A]x {]Zpt[ Dt` Cta Acn
atYm kphx
({]Imiam\\mb ]pcpj\n \nv Fm \ntaj
fpw Dmbn. IeI, aplq, ImjqI,
Atlmcm{X, Aamk, EXp Fmw
Iev]nsp. Ah Pe{][m\fmb ]`qXsf
bpw ]ns kzw Acow cns\bpw Ids
Spp.)
10. ss\\aq[zw\ Xncyw \ aty ]cnP{K`Xv.
\ Xtkyti I\ Xky \ma alZyix
(Chs\ tatemv Afv a\nemnbnn. hne
s\tbm aytbm C. Bcpw Ahs m\mbnn.
Ahs t]cv t{ijvTamb biv FmIpp.
11. \ krti XnjvTXn cq]aky
\ Njm ]iyXn Iss\\w
lrZm a\ojm a\km`nIv A]vtXmb
GXw hncqZarXmkvtX `hn
(Chs cq]w Zi\hniba. Hcmfpw Chs\
NppsImv ImWpn. a\p \nb{np
lrZnX_pnbmb Ah A`nn]vX\mIpp. Bcv
CXns\ Adnbpp, Ah acWclnXcmIpp.
1. AZv`yx kw`qXx ]rYnsshy ckm
hnizIaWx kahXm[n
Xky XzjvSm hnZ[{Zq]taXn
XXv]cpjky hnizamPm\at{K
(\mcmbWkqw)
(Pen \npw ]rYnhnbpsS ckn \np
Dmbn PKZv{kjvSmhn \nv CXn\pta kah
np. XzjvSmhv Cu hncmSv ]pcpjs hnizcq]w
krjvSmcw`nepmbnpXmWv.
2. thZmtaXw ]pcpjw alm
BZnXyhw Xamkm ]ckvXmXv
Xtah hnZnXzmXn arXyptaXn
\m\yx ]m hnZytXb\mb
(\mcmbWkqw)
(Xakkns ApdXv BZnXyh\pw alm\pamb
Cu ]pcpjs\ Rm Adnbpp. B tZhs\ Adnm
am{Xta acWs AXn{IanpIbpffq. ]ca]Z{]m]vXn
v asmcp amhpw C.

I 3. {]Pm]XncXn Kt` Ax
APmbamt\m _lp[m hnPmbtX
Xky [ocmx ]cnPm\n tbm\ow
acnNo\mw ]Zann th[kx
(\mcmbW kqw)
{]Pm]Xn Dffn K`n (lrZbw) kcnp
p. PvRm\nI B th[ns tbm\nsb (Dev] n)
Adnbpp. acoNnIfpsS (tPymXnpI) m\s
Cnpp.)
4. tbm tZth`yx BX]Xn tbm tZhm\mw
]ptcmlnXm
]qthm tbm tZtht`ym PmXx \tam cpNmb
{_mtb
(\mcmbW kqw)
(bmsXmcm tZhmmbn Nppw {]Iminpp,
bmsXmcm tZhamcpsS apn lnXw sNbph
\mWv, bmsXmcm tZhmp anv P\nh\mWv B
{]Imiam\\mb {_]p{X\v \akvImcw.
5. cpNw {_mw Pebx
tZhm At{K XZ {_ph
bkvssXzhw {_mtWm hnZymXv
Xky tZhm Ak hti
(\mcmbW kqw)
{_km_nbmb {]Imiw P\nn hcmb
tZhm BZyw AXv ]dp. bmsXmcp {_mW
C{]Imcadnbpp, Ah\v tZhm hiKcmbnocpp.
6. {lo tX evao ]Xv\yu Atlm
cmt{X]mtiz
\{XmWn cq]w Aizn\u hymw CjvSw
a\njmW, Aapwa\njmW, khw a\njmW
(\mcmbW kqw)
(hnthI _pnbpw ev anbpw AbpsS ]Xv\n
amcmIpp; cmhpw ]Iepw ]miz; \{X
CnXns\ Xmepw (a\njmW) B ]cam\w
Xmepw. khXzhpw Xmepw. Ipdnv. ASp
Fp kq KncWyK`kq{XnsebmWv.
1. lncWyK`x kahXmt{K
`qXky PmXx]XntcI BkoXv
k Zm[mc ]rYnhow ZymaptXamw
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.
(lncWy K`\mb {]Pm]Xn BZyw Dmbn.
PmX\mb Ah `qXfpsS ]Xnbmbn `hnp. Ah
Cu ]rXnhnsbbpw tZymhns\bpw [cnp. Atlshnv
N P
611
GXp tZh\mWv lhnpsImv ]qP sNpI?) K
2. bx {]mWtXm \nanjtXm aln
ssXzI CXv cmPmPKtXm _`qh
b Cui Aky Zzn]Z Xpjv]Zx
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.
(lncWy K`\mb {]Pm]Xn BZyw Dmbn. PmX-
\mb Ah `qXfpsS ]Xnbmbn `hnp. Ah ]rYn-
hnsbbbpw tZymhns\bpw [cnp. Atlshnv GXp
tZh\mWv lhnpsImv ]qP sNpI?)
2. bx {]mWtXm \nanjtXm aln
ssXzI CXv cmPm PKtXm _`qh
b Cui Aky Zzn]Z Xpjv]Zx
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a.
bmsXmcm alzm {]mW\pffhcpw {]h
Icpw ASnb PKnsGI\mbns cmPm
hmbn. bmsXmcm Zzn]Zfpw NZpjv]ZfpaSnb Cu
PKns Cui\mbn, B tZh\msX ammWv lhn
psImv ]qPsNpI.
3. b BZm _eZm bky hniz
D]mktX {]injw bky tZhmx
bkyOmbmarXw bky arXyp
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjw hnt[a
(bmsXmcm PohnZmXmhpw inZmXmhpw BIpp
bmsXmcmsf seIw apgph D]mknpp tZhm
bmsXmcphs {]injs (Bm A\pkcnpp,
bmsXmcphs \ng AarXamIpp, AXpt]mse
acWhpamIpp, B tZh\msX ammWv, ]qPsN
pI?
4. btkyta lnahtm alnXzm
bky kap{Zm ckbm klmlp
btkyx am {]Zntim bky _mlp
Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[ax
(lnahm XpSnb h\ bmsXmcphs alna
Impp, kap{Zw \ZnItfmSpIqSn bmsXmcphs almyw
]dbpp. Cu ZnpI bmsXmcphs ssIIfmWv.
Atlshnv GXp tZh\mWv lhnpsIv ]qPmhn
[nsNpI.
5. bw {Icpko Ahkm XkvX `mt\
Ass`ytXmw a\km tcPamt\
b{Xm[nkqc DZncn\ thyXn
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a

I tim`np cWm Fsd sXfnbp {I
knI ( BImihpw `qanbpw) a\psImv, bmsXmcp
hs\ IavSp bmsXmcnSv kqcy DZbn Npn
\opp B ]cammhns\bmsX GXp tZhs\bmWv
]qPnnpI?
6. tb\ Zyucp{Km ]rYnho N ZrtV
tb\ kphx kvX`nXw tb\ \mIx
tbm AcotcPtkm hnam\x
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjmhnt[ax
(bmsXmcph\m D{Kamb tZymhpw ]rYnhnbpw ZrVam-
sp, GsXmcph\m kphw ( kzw) Ddnsp
GsXmcph\m Acon cmPk\amsc \nnp
B tZhs\bmsX atsXmcmsfbmWv Bcm[npI)
7. Bt]m l bXohnizambw
Zw Z[m\w P\bocnw
XtXm tZhm\mw \nchXmkptcIx
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhntj hnt[a
(bmsXmns alXzw Imp ApI (Pew)
Ansb P\nnm\m{Klnv Zs [cnv hnizmIm
cs {]m]np, ]ns tZhmacpsS GIamb Akp
(Poh) \nhnp. B tZh\msX BmWv lhn
psImv ]qPsNpI?
8. bnZmt]m aln\m ]cy]iyXv
Zw Z[m\m P\bocnw
tbm tZthjz[n tZh GI BkoXv
Ikvs sa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a
bmsXmcph Ansb P\nnmam{Klnv Z
s [cn (alXzam) ApIsf kzw alXzm
anIv GItZh\mbn, B lncwWy K`cq]\mb
tZhs\bmsX amscbmWv lhnpsImv ]qPnpI?
12. Gjm ln tZhx {]Zntim \p kmx
]qtm ln PmXx k D Kt` Ax
k hnPmbam\x k P\njyamWx
{]XyMv apJmkvXnjvTXn hniztXmapJx
(Cu tZh Xs Fm {]ZnpIfnepw hym]n
pp. BZyw P\n Ah Xs ]e hn[n P\n
pp. P\nm t]mIpp; {]XyMvapJ\mbn nXn
sNpp; Ah hniztXmpJ\mbn nXnsNpp.
Ah hniztXmpJ\mbn \nesImffpp.
13. hnizXpcpX hniztXmaptJm
hniztXmlkvX DX hnizXkv]mXv
kw _mlp`ymw \aXn kw]ss{X
Zymh]rYnho P\b tZh GIx
N P
612
(Zymhm ]rYnhnIsf P\nnp P\b tZh GI
K
hniztXm t\{X\pw hniztXm apJ hniztXm lkvX\pw
hniztXm]mZ\pw Bb B tZh _mlpfmepw ]X{X
fmepw (NndIv) kwanpp ( t{]cnnpp)
14. th\kvXXv ]iy hnizm `qh\m\n
hnZzm b{X hnizw `htXyI\oUw
bkvannZw kwN hn ssNXnx k
HmXx t{]mX hn`px {]Pmkp.
(bmsXmn hnizw Hcp \oUw (IqSv) t]mse
`hnpp, AXv Adnbh Fm `ph\sfbpw
Zinv th\ ({]Imihm) BIpp. bmsXmn Cu
temIw Hnp tNcpIbpw th]ncnbpIbpw hne
s\bpw hym]nncnpp.
15. {]XtZzmtN AarXw Xp hnZzm
Kthm \ma \nlnXw Kplmkp
{XoWn ]Zm \nlnXm Kplmkp
bkvX Zv thZ kXpx ]nXm kXv
KplIfn (lrZbw) \nlnXamb AarXs Adn
h\mb Kh ]dp, _pnbn \nlnX
fmb aqp ]Zsf (Pm{KXv) kz]v\w kpjp]vXn, Bcv
tht]mse Adnbpp. Ah khnXmhns (kqcy)
]nXmhmIpp.
16. k t\m _p P\nXm k hn[mXm
[mam\n `ph\m\n hnizm
b{X tZhm AarXam\im\mx
XrXotb [mam \yss`ycb
(bmsXmcnSv aqmas temIn (ZyptemIw)
AarXw A\p`hnphcmb tZhm. \ m\
{]m]np. B tZh \psS _phmIpp. P\I\pw
hn[mXmhpw kIe `ph\fpw Adnbph\p am
(]c{_w XsbmWv ChnS kqNnnsXv)
17. ]cnZymhm]rYnhobn kZyx
]cnt]mIm ]cn Znix ]cn kphx
EXky Xpw hnXXw hnNrXy
XZhiyXv XZ`hXv {]Pmkp.
(Zymhm ]rYnhnI (`qan, BImiw,) hym]n
temIs hym]npp. kzs hym]npp. {]PI
fn EXsap ]dbp ]cakXyns hnXXamb
Xphns\ (\q) [ym\nv AXv Zinp; AXv AXmbn
op.

I 18. ]coXy temIm ]coXy`qXm\n
]coXy khm {]Zntim Zni
{]Pm]Xnx {]YaPm EXkym
\m\`nkw_`qh
EXns (]c{_w) {]Ya P\mb {]Pm]nXn
temIfn hym]nv, `qXfn hym]np, Fm
ZnpIfnepw hnZnpIfnepw hym]nv, Bmhp sImv
Bmhns\ t\cnp cnpp.
19. kZkkv]XnaZv`pXw {]nban{ky Imayw
k\nw ta[mabmknjw
(C{s (Bmhv) {]nb\pw Imay\pw T A`pXkz
cq]\pw ta[sb \Iph\pamb kZkv] Xnsb
(AhymIrX{_w) {]m]ns Fv {]mnpp.
20. Do]ykz PmXthtZm ]Lv\ \nEXnw aa
]iqw alyamhl Poh\w N Zntim Zi
(Fs \nEXnsb (]m]w) \innph\mbn PmX
thZ (An) \mb tZh, Do]nmepw, l\nv arKsf
Xmepw. ZoLmbppw ZnpIfpw (m\w) XcpI.
21. am t\m lnwkomX thtZm
Kmaizw ]pcpjw PKXv
A_n{ZZ BKln
{inbm am ]cn]mXb
tl, PmXthZ (An) RfpsS tKmsfbpw,
Aizsfbpw, ]pcpjmscbpw, PKns\bpw lnwkn
cpXv. tl At, A_n{`Xv (RfpsS A]cm[
a\n IcpXmsX) hmepw. Fs sFizcytmsS
tNmepw.
22. ]pcpjky hnZva kl{kmky almtZhky
[oaln Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZbmXv
(]pcpjs\ R Adnbs. AXn\mbn kl{km
\mb almtZhs ( almtZhs\) R [ym\np
p. cp{Z AXn Rsf t{]cns.)
23. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZva tl almtZhmb [oaln
Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZbmXv
XXv ]pcpjs\ ]pcpjs\ (]cammhv) R
Adnbs. almtZhs\ R [ym\npp. AXn\v
cp{Z Rsf t{]cnns.
24. XXv]pcpjmb hnZvatl
h{IXpWvU mb [oaln
Xtm Znx {]tamZbmXv
(]cammhns\ R Adnbs. hf Xpn
N P
613
sbpff tZhs\ R [ym\npp. AXn Zn K
Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.)
25. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl
N{I XpWvUmb [oaln
Xtm Znx {]tSmZbmXv
(]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm Rfm{Klnpp.
N{IXpWvU s\ R [ym\npp. AXn ZntI
izc Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.(Akpcmcpambpff
bpn N{Is hmbvsImp]nSnXn\m B t]cv
Inn.)
26. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl
almtk\mb [oaln
Xtm jpJx {]tNmZbmXv
R B ]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.
AXn\p R almtk\s\ [ym\npp. jpJ
Amcyn Rv {]tNmZ\w \Is.
27. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl kphW
]mb [oaln
Xtm KcpUx {]tNmZbmXv.
(]ca]pcpjs\ Adnbm R B{Klnpp.
kph ]s\ AXn\v [ym\npp. AXn\v KcpU
Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.
28. thZm\mb hnZvatl lncWyK`mb
[oaln Xtm {_ {]tNmZbmXv
thZmmhmb ]ca]pcpjs\ R Adnbm\m{K
lnpp. AXn\v lncWy K`s\ [ym\npp.
AXn {_w Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.
29. \mcmbWmb hnZvatl hmkptZhmb [oaln
Xtm hnjvWpx {]tNmZbmXv.
(R \mcmbWs\ Adnbm B{Klnpp.
AXn\v hmkptZhs\ [ym\npp. AXn hnjvWp
Rv {]tNmZ\acpfs.
30. h{P\Jmb hnZvatl XovW
ZwjvSmb [oaln
Xtm \mcknwlx {]tNmZbmXv
(R `mkvIcs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp. alyp
XnIcs\ [ym\npp. AXn\v BZnXy {]tNmZ\
acpfs.
31. sshizm\cmb hnZvatl emeoemb [oaln
Xtm Anx {]tNmZbmXv
(R sshizm\cs\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.

I AXn\v emeoes\ [ym\npp. ( emeob AnbpsS
Hcp ]cymbamWv) AXn\v An {]tNmZ\w \Is.
33. ImXymb\mb hnZvatl I\ymIpamcn [oaln
Xtm Zpnx {]mtNmZbmXv
R ImXymb\s\ Adnbm\m{Klnpp.
AXn\v Ipamcnsb [ym\npp. AXn\v Zpn {]tNmZ\
acpfs. ( Zp Xs Zpn)
34. kl{k]cam tZho iXaqe iXmpcm
kw lcXp ta ]m]w Zpm
Zpxkz]v\m \min\o.
(BbncWn\v HuXnjvIrjvSyapffXpw, tZhn
bpw At\Iw apcpI tNXpw \qdpIWn\v apfI
fpffXpw Zpxkz]v\\min\nbpw Bb IdpIpv Fs
Fm ]m]hpw \inns.
35. ImWv UmXv ImWvUmXv {]tcmlo ]cpjx
]cpjx]cn
Ghm t\m Zpt {]X\p klt{kW
itX\ N
( Hmtcm apn \npw karnbmbn hopw apfp
hcp IdptI, C{]Imcw Rsfbpw iXambpw kl{k
ambpw hnnpI.)
36. bm itX\ {]Xt\mjn klt{kW
hntcmlkn
XkymkvtX tZhojvStI hnt[a lhnjm hbw
(Bcm[ybmb tZhn, IdptI, bmsXmv \qdpIW-
mbn hnpp, BbncIWmbn hfcpp. A-
s\bpff \n\v R lhnpsImv Bcm[\-
sNpp.)
37. Aiz{Imt cY{Imt hnjvWp{Imt
hkpcm
inckm [mcbnjyman ckz amw ]tZ ]tZ.
Aiz ,NhnnbXpw cY DcpXpw, hnjvWp
NhnnbnpffXpamb `qan, incpsImv Rm \ns
[cnpp Fs ASnbvSn cnpI.
38. {`pant[\p[cWo temI[mcnWo
DrXmkn hcmtlW IrjvtW\
iX _mlp\m
(]iphns\tmse ]pjv Sn Zmbn\nbpw, temI[mcn
Wnbpw Bb `qan At\Iw ssIItfmSp IqSnb hcml
cq]nbmb IrjvW\m \o DcnshfmWv)
39. arntI l\ ta ]m]w bbm Zpjv IrXw
arntI {_Zmkn Imiyt]\m`n
a{nXm
N P
614
arntb tZln ta ]pjvS nw Xzbn kw K
{]XnjvT nXw.
(Atbm arntI (`qan) bmsXmcp ZpjvI rX
Fm IrXyambn AXv \innmepw. arntI, \o
{_ZbmWv, Imiy]\m A`na{nXbmWv. arn
tI, F\nv ]pjvSn \IpI. \nn \nv khw
{]XnjvTamIpp.
40. arntI {]XnjvTntX kw
Xt \nWpZ arntI
Xzbm ltX\ ]mt]\
Kman ]camw KXnw.
(arntI, {]XnjvTnXbmbhsf, Fs Fm
]m]hpw \innpI. Fm lXamb ]m]m
Rm ]caamb KXn {]m]npp.
41. bX C{ `bmatl
XtXm t\m A`bw Ir[n
aLhcKvn Xh X
DuXtb hnZzntjm hnart[m Pln.
( tl C{, FhnsS \nv Rv `bapmIpp,
AhnsS \nv Rv B`bw sNbvXmepw. aLh,
AbpsS `\mb RfpsS ]m]w \innpI.
RfpsS DuXnmbn (c) bpnse i{Xpsf
\innmepw.)
42. kzkvX nZm hnikv]Xn
hr{Xlm hnart[m hio
hrtj{x ]pc GXp \x
kzkvXnZm A`bcx
(awKfw \Iph\pw hnikv]Xnbpw (P\cI)
hr{Xlmhpw ( hr{Xs\ sImh) bpn hnP
bnbpw, hjw \Iph\pw, A`bw \Iph\pw
Bb C{ RfpsS ]ptcm`mKn hcpamdmIs.
43. kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr{ihmx
kzkvXn \x ]qj hnizthZmx
kzkvXn \kvX mtym AcnjvSt\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rlkv]XnZ[mXp.
(hr{ihmb (henb Ionam) C{ \
Acpfs. hnizthZmhmb (Fmw Adnbp) kqcy
\apv \ \Is. AcnjvSt\anbmb (B]Ip
) KcpU \apv \ \Is. _rlkv]Xn \apv
awKfw \Is.

I 44. B]ma\ykvXr]e {]`tm
[p\nx inaohm icpam EPojo
tkmtam hnizm\yXkmh\m\n
\mmKn{w {]Xnam\m\n t`Zpx
B]Xa\yphpw (tIm]anm) Xr]e {]`mhpw
(aqpineIfm {]lcnp) [p\nbpw (i{Xpkwlmc
I) inaohm\pw (Ibp) iXam\pw (Bbp[[mcn)
EPojnIw (tkmagnb) Bb tkma AXkmh\sf
(hch\) hfpp. {]Xnam\ (FXncfhp
I) C{s\ Ahmmbn (Iogvtmv) Xmgvpn.
45. {_m\w {]Yaw ]pckvX mZzn
koaXx kpcptNm th\ Bhx
k _p[v\nbmw D]am Aky hnjvTmx
kX tbm\nakX hnhx
( apv {_n \nv P\nh\pw, BZyapmb
h\pw tim`mhm\pw Bb th\ ( kqcy) AXnn
I hsc hntijnv BhcWw sNpp. Ah Aco
nepffhbpw BhcWw sNpp. Chs kZri
]Zm hnhn[amWv . A h k nsbpw,
Aknsbpw Dhm\hpw hym]vXampp.
46. tkym\m ]rYnhn `hm \rcm \nthi\o
bm \x iaa k{]Yamx
(`qXPmeP\\nbpw AhbYm m\ \nthinnp
hfpw {]ikvXbpw Bb `qan, tkym\bmbn (ZpxJ\m
in\n) XocpI, Rv kpJw \IpI.
47. KZzmcm Zpcm[jmw
\nXy]pjvSmw IcojnWow
Cuizcow k {`qXm\mw
Xmantlm]lztb {inbw.
KZzmcbpw (Kwhgn AdnbsSph) Zpcm[
jbpw, \nXy]pjvSbpw, IcojnWnbpw (hfw tNh)
kh`qXfptSbpw Cuizcnbpw Bb B eva nsb
ChnsS Rm Ba{Ww sNpp.
48. {iota `PXp, Aeva ota \iyXp
hnjvWpapJm ssh tZhmivOtm`n
cnam temIm\]Pa`yPb
alm Ct{m h{Pq_mlpx
tjmUio i bXp.
({io Fs `Pns, Aevao F\nv \ins.
hnjvWp apXemb tZhm thZhnKnXIfm Cu
temIsf aphv Pbnm\mIhn[w Pbnp.
h{P_mlphpw, aKm\pamb C{\pw, ]Xn\mdp IeI
N P
615
fm N{\pw kpJw \Is. K
49. kzkvXn t\m aLhm ItcmXp
lp ]m]vam\w tbm kvam tZzjvSn.
C{ Rp \ sNs. Rsf t{Zmln
p ]m]nsb \inns.
50. tkmam\w kzcWw IrWpln
{_Wkv]tX, Iohw b HuinPw
icocw biaew, IpkoZw
Xkva n koZXp tbm kvam tZzjvSn.
({_lvWkv ] tX (thZ\mYbp]cammth)
tkmackm DmIp Fs Huinns ]p{X\mb
Iohm F Ejnsbtmse {]kn\mnXo
mepw. Fs icocs tbmKw sNm iampI,
bmsXmcph Rsf tZzjnpp. Ah \cInse
s.)
51. NcWw ]hn{Xw hnXXcw ]pcmWw
tb\ ]qXkvXcXn ZpjvIrXm\n
tX\ ]hnt{XW ipt\ ]qXm
AXn ]m]vam\acmXnw Xtca.
(hnXXambn (hym]n) ]pcmX\amb ]mZw ]cnip
amIpp. bmsXmp sImv ]qX\ambn ZpjvIrXsf
XcWw sNpp. ]cniphpw \nehpamb AXpsIm
v hnipcmbn ]m]amIp i{Xphns\ AXn{Ianv
R XcWw sNs.)
52. ktPmjm C{ kKtWm acpZv`nx
tkmaw ]n_ hr{Xl iqc hnZzm
Pln i{Xq A] art[m \pZkzm[m`bw
IrWplnhniztXm \x
(hrXm\pkmcw sImh\pw, iqc\pw hnZzm\pamb
C{m, KWklnX\mbn acpptfmSp IqSn hv
kktmjw tkmacks, IpSnpI, i{Xpsf
\innpI. bpn\v hnpff i{Xpsfbpw
\innpI. ]ns Rv Fm hn[nepw A`bw
\IpI.
53. kpan{X \ B] Huj[b kp
Zpan{XmkvXkvssa Zqb kqtmkvam
tZzmjvSn bw N hbw Zznjvax
Rv Pehpw, Hmj[nbpw \ an{Xfmbn
`hns. bmsXmcph Rsf tZzjnpp. bmsXmcp
hs\ R tZzjnpp, Ah\v tZmjw sNp an{X
DmIs.)

I 54. Bt]m ln jvTm atbm`phkvXm \ Duw
Z[mX\, atlcWmb Ntk. tbm
hx inhXtam ckvkvXky `mPbtX l\x
DiXocnh amXcx Xkvam Acw Kama
thm bky bmb Pn\zY. Bt]m
P\bYm N \x
(Atbm ApIsf, \n B\ZmbIsfv
{]knamWtm. As\bpff \n Rv
in \Inbmepw, alpw tim`\hpamb m\n
\mbn, bmsXmptm \nfpsS awKfXcamb ckw,
AXn\v ChnsS Rsf `mK`mmnbmepw kvt \ln
p Aamsctmse \nfpsS m\tv thK
n R t]mImw. Rv ApIsf, P\nn
pIbpw sNbvXmepw.
55. lncWyirwKw hcpWw {]]tZy
Xow ta tZln bmNnXx
bbm `pakm[q\mw
]mt]`y {]Xn{Klx
(kphamb IncoStmSp IqSnb hcpWs\ Rm
icWw {]m]npp. bmNnp F\nv Xo Pew
Xmepw. Rm ]m]nIfpsS `Ww Ignnpv, ]m]n
Ifn \nv km\hpw kzoIcnnpv.
56. bt a\km hmNm IWm hm
ZpjvIrXw IrXw
X Ct{m hcptWm _rlkvXnx
khnXm N ]pp ]p\x ]p\x.
(bmsXmcp ZpjvIrXw Fm a\km hmNm IaWm
sNsnptm. AXns\ C{\pw, hcpW\pw, _rl
kv]Xnbpw, khnXmhpw hopw hopw ipoIcns.
57. \tamtb ]vkpatX \a C{mb
\tam hcpWmb \tam hmcpssWy \tamZv`yx.
(Penepff Anpw, C{\pw, hcpW\pw, hmcp
Wnpw \akvImcw. ApIv \akvImcw.
58. bZ]mw {Iqcw bZKta[yw
bZimw XZ]KXmXv
ApIfpsS bmsXmv {Iqchpw, Aimhpambnp
tm AsXmw ZqcnemIs.
59. AXymi\mZXo]m\mXv
b D{KmXv {]Xn{KlmXv
Xt hcptWm cmPm
]mWn\m lyhaiXp.
N P
616
AXymi\mepw, AXn]m\mepw D{Kamb
K
{]Xn{Klmepw bmsXmcp ]m]apmbnptm AXns\
cmPmhmb hcpW ssIsImv AIpamdmIs,
60. tkm la]mt]m hnctPm
\nptm apInev _njx
\mIky ]rjvTamcply KtZv
{_ ktemIXmw.
(As\bpff Rm ]m]anmh\mbn ctPm
KpWanmh\mbn \nap\mbn ]m]lo\\mbn
kzns D]cntIdn {_ns kmtemIyw {]m]n
s.
61. bm]vkp hcpWx k ]p\mXzLajWx
(bmsXmcph\mtWm Pen ]m]\miI\mb
hcpW Atlw ipoIcnpamdmIs.
62. Caw ta KwtK bapt\ kckzXn
ipXp{Zn kvtXmaw kNXm ]cpjv Wnbm
AknIv\nbm acpZzrt[ hnXkvXbm
PoIotb irWplym kptjmabm.
(Atbm KwtK, bapt\, kckzXn, ipXp{Zn,
hcphrt[, BPnXIotb ]cpjvaWntbmSpw AkvIn\n
tbmSpw hnXkvXtbmSpw kptjmatbmSpw IqSn Fs Cu
kvtXm{Xw Fmhcpw IqSntv tImepw.
63. EXw N kXyw Nm`ozm]tkm [yPmbX
XtXm cm{XncPmbX XXx
kapt{Zm A]hx
64. kap{ZmZhmZ[n kwhtcm APmbX
Atlmcm{XmWn hnZ[Zznizky anjtXm hio.
65. kqcymN{aku [mXm bYm]qaIev]bXv
Znhw N ]rYnhow NmcnatYm kphx
(\mep]mSpw {]Iminp X]n \nv [hpw
kXyhpw Dmbn. AXn \nv Xs Pe]qamb
kap{Zw. kap{Zn \nv A\cw kwhcapmbn.
]Iepw cm{Xnbpw \nnp Cuizc Pohnp
hnizns \mY\mIpp. hn[mXmhv kqcyN{m
scbpw, ]gXpt]mse \nnpw. kzw, `qan, A
cow, BImiw Chbpw Iev]np.)
66. bXv ]rYnhymw cPx kzamcnt hntcmZko
CamwkvXZmt]m hcpWx ]p\mXzLajWx
]p\phkhx ]p\mXp hcpWx
]p\mXzLajWx
Gj `qXky at[y `ph\ky tKm]vXm

I Gj ]pWyIrXmw temImt\j
artXym lncbw
Zymhm]rYnthymlncbw kw{inXw
kphx k\x kphx kwinim[n.
(]rYnhnbnepw, Aconepw, kz`qanIfn
epw bmsXmcp kzIob]m]w AXn\nv Cu Rsf
ApIfmIp tZhXbpw ]m]\miI\mb hcpW\pw
ipoIcns. hkp ipoIcns. hcpW
ALajWs\ Ejn, Ch cns. Cu hcpW
`qX`mhnIfpsS a[ynepff temIns cI\mWv,
Ch ]pWyw sNbvXhv DNnXfmb temI
\Ip ]m]nIv bas lncbsa temIw
\Ipp. Ah \apv B\acpfs, ]m] ap-
cmn Rsf A\p{Klns.
67. B{Zw PzeXn tPymXnclakvan tPymXn
PzeXn {_mlkvan tbm lakvan
{_mlkvan. Alakvan {_ml
akvan Altahmlw amw Pqtlman kzmlm
(\\ hnv apfbvpXpt]mse {]fb Pe
n \nv Cu {]]w krjvSnp ]catPymXnp
Rm\mWv. Rm XsbmWv {_w. Rm Fs
]catPymXnn tlmanpp.
68. AImcyImcyhIotm
kvtXt\m {`qWlm KpcpXev]Kx
hcptWm ]maLajW
Xkva mXv ]m]mXv {]apNytX.
AImcyImcn (sNtmXv sNph) Ah
Io ({hX`wKwhcpph) kvtX\ (tNmc)
{`qWlm (K`]mXw hcpph) KpcpXev]mK
(Kpcp]Xv\nsb {]m]nph) Chcpw ]m]apcmIp
p. ImcWw PetZhXbmb hcpW ]m]lmcnbmWv)
69. ctPm{`pankvXzw amw tcmZbkz
{]hZn[ocmx
Rm ]m]fpsS ctPm`qanbmWv (m\w) \o
Fs Icbnnq Fv [ocm ]dbpp.
70. B{Im kap{Zx {]Yta hn[
P\b {]Pm `ph\ky cmPm
hrjm ]hnt{X A[n kmt\m Athy
_rltmtam hmhrt[ kphm\ Cpx
(kap{Zw (]cammhv) Fmw B{Ianv \nevpp.
BZyw [n\\pkcnv {]PIsf P\nnv `ph\
ns cmPmhmbn A`ojvS hjnp ]cnipambn
N P
617
DXv IrjvS amb lrZbn ]me\w sNbvX v tkma K
(DamklnX\mb tZh) _rlmbn hfv, kphm
\\mbn (IZmXmhv) Cpls\tmse ktmjw \
Ipp.
Hmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw cv
1. PmXthZtk kp\hma tkma
acmXobtXm \nZlmXn thZx
k \x ]jZXn ZpmWn hnizm
\mthh knpw ZpcnXmXymnx
(PmXthZn\mbn (An) tkmacks ]ngns
Sps. m\m kqNnnsSp An i{Xp
fmbXohsc ZlnntW. B An IepsImv
knphns\ Ft]mse \psS Fm Zpsfbpw
Apdv cntW. ZpcnXsf AIn cn tW
2. XmanhWmw X]km Pzeow
sshtcmN\ow Ia^tejp PqjvSmw
Zpmw tZhow icWalw {]]tZy
kpXckn Xctk \ax
(Anhbpw X]psImv Pzennphfpw,
tim`bam\bpw, Ie tNhfpw Bb ZpmtZ
hnsb Rm icWw {]m]npp. Ffpn adpIsc
F n p h s f , R s f t h K n A s c
FnpI)
3. At Xzw ]cbm \thym Akvan
kzkvX n`ncXn ZpmWn hnizm
]p ]rYzo _lpfmN Do
`hmtXmImb X\bmb iwtkmx
(tl At, \hy\mb \o Rsf kzkvXnIfm
Fm Zpsfbpw AXn{Ianv adnIcbnsenpI.
Nppw `qanbpw Irjnehpw [mcmfapmIs. tXmI
n\pw (km\w) X\bpw (IpnI) kpJw
tbmPnnph\mbn `hnmepw.)
4. hnizm\n t\m Zp{Klm PmXthZx
knpw \ \mhm ZpcnXmX]jn
At A{Xnh\km KrWmt\m
kvamIw t_m[yhnXm X\q\mw
(Atbm PmXthZ, B]p\innp `hm
RfpsS Fm ZpcnXsfbpw \uIsImv knp
hns\tmse AXn{Ianv \innmepw.)

I 5. ]rX\mPnXw klam\ap{Ka\nw
lptha ]camXv k[mXv
k \x ]jZXn ZpKmn hnizm
matthm AXn ZpcnXmXynx
(ssk\ysf Pbnh\pw kw klnph\pw
`bc\pw Bb Ansb DXvIrjvSamb m\p\nv
Rv Blzm\w sNpp. B tZh\hmb An
\psSm Zpsfbpw (B]v) AXn{Ianv \inn
s, ZpcnXsf AXn{Ianv Atlw cns.)
6. {]Xvt\mjn IaotUym A[ztcjp
k\mtlmXm \hy kn
Xzmw Nmt X\phw ]n{]bkzm
kva`yw N ku`KambPkz.
A[cfn (bmKw) CuUyXmb AnbkpJw
Dmpp. appffhhmbn, Ctmgpffh\pambn,
bmKfn tlmXmhmbn Av hknpp. tl At,
Xs tZlsbpw kpJabampI. Rpw ku`m
KyacpfpI.)
7. tKm`nPpjvSabptPm \njnw
Xth{ hnjvt Wmc\pkwNtca
\mIky ]rjvTa`nkwhkmt\m
sshjvWhow temI ClamZbmw
tl C{, ]m]lo\\pw khym]nbpw Bb A
bpsS tKmfm tkhnsSpXpw AarX[mcbm
\\bvsXpamb ]Zs \apv ]cnNcnmw. kz
nsepw IgnbptZhm hnjvWp `nsb Cu
temIn \In ktmjns.
cmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw aqv
1. "`qcatb ]rYnsshy kzmlm,
`pthmw hmbthcomb kzmlm,
kphcamZnXymb Znth kzmlm `q`ph
phcw N{amtkm ZnKv`yx kzmlm,
\tam tZth`yx kz[m ]nXrt`ym `q`phxkphc
(An\mbn Anpw ]rYnbvpw s\v ka
npp. An\mbn hmbphn\pw Acon\pw
lhnv Anpp. An\mbn `qan, BImiw,
kzw, N{, ZnpI Chv lhnv Anpp.
tZhmv \akvImcw. ]nXrv kz[. `qan kzw
BImiw Ch Rv Aw \Is.)
aqmw A\phmIw Ignp.
N P
618
A\phmIw \mev K
{`pctb ]rYznsshy kzmlm, `qthm
hmbth Acomb kzmlm, kphcm
ZnXymb Znth kzmlm, \tam tZth`yx,
kz[m ]nXrt`ym `{`q`phx kphc Hmw.
(`qanpw `qx `ph,x kzx Fo aqp hymlrXnI
pI BZnXy\pw tZymhn\pw lhnv kanpp.
tZhmv \akv I mcw, ]nXrv kz[. At,
Fs AwKoIcnpI.
\mew A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Av
1. {`qctb N ]rYznsshy N altX N
kzmlm, `pthm hmbth Acmb N
altX N kzmlm, {`p`phph{atk
N \t{X`y ZnKv`y altX N
kzmlm, \tam tZth`yx kz[m ]nXrt`ym,
`q`phx kphaltcmav.
(`qan, An, ]rYnhn, hmbp, A\cow, `ph
temIw, kztemIw, N{, \{X, ZnpI, tZh
m, ]nXr Chsmw Rm ]qP Anpp.)
Amw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Bdv
1. ]mln t\m At G\tk kzmlm, ]mln
t\m hnizthZtk kzlm,
bw ]mln hn`mhtkm kzmlm,
kw ]mln iX{ItXm kzmlm.
(AtX ]m]n \nv Rsf cnpI. PRm
\n\v Rsf cnpI. bPvRs cnpI. \qdp
tbmK sNbvX C{m kIeXpw cnpI.)
Bdmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Ggv
tama. ]mln t\m A GIbm,]mlypX ZznXo
bbm,]mly p P wXr X obbm] ml n K o`n
Xkr`nhtkm kzmlm.
(AtX Hp sImv Rsf cnpI. cmat
XpsImpw aqmatXpsImpw Rsf insb
cnpI hkphmb tZhv, Rsf \mepKocpIfm
(\mepthZ) ]menpI.)
Ggmw A\phmIw Ign p.

I A\phmIw Fv
1. bkmarjt`m hnizcq]tm
`rivOmwkymhnthi kXmwinIyx
t{]mhmtNm]\njZt{m tPyjvT C{nbmb
Ejnt`ym \tam tZth`yx kzm[m ]nXrt`ym
`q`phhivO Hmav.
(thZfn shv bmsXmcm t{ijvT\pw thZ
fn \nv PmX\pw k\v {]m]Wob\pw
t{ijvT\pw Bb C{ aljnamv C{nbPbn\v
D]\nj{Zlky hnZysb D]tZinp. As\bpff
tZhmv \akvImcw. ]nXrv kz[. `q; `phx)
Fmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw HXv
1. \tam {_tW, [mcWw ta AkvXp
\ncmIcWw [mcbnXm {`pbmkw, Itbmx
{ipXw amthymVw amamapjy Hmav.
({_n\v \akvImcw. F\nv [mcW imnbp
mIs. \ncmIcnmsX kIeXpw Hmph\mIs.
sNhn apXemb C{nbfm Adnbm IgnsXmpw
\jvSamImXncns.)
HXmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw ]v
EXw X]x kXyw X]x {ipXw X]x
imw Xt]m ZakvXx iakvXt]m Zm\w tXm
bw Xt]m {`p`phx kph{_
GXZp]mkz GXx
(a\km kev]nsSp kXyw X]mWv. thZm
[yb\w, _mlym`ytc{nbfpsS D]cnXnbmIp
imn, X]v, Zm\w, bw, Ch X]Ipp. `q, `phx
kpJx "" Cu aqp hymKrXnIfpw {_amIpp. AXns\
D]mknpXpw X]mWv.
]mw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw ]Xns\mv
1. bYm hrky kw]pjv] nXky
ZqcmXv Ktm
hmtXyhw ]pWyky ItWm
ZqcmXv Ktm
hmXn, bYmkn[mcmw It
hlnXmah{Ita
N P
619
bZypth bpth lhmw hnlzbnjyman Iw K
]XnjymaotXyhaarXmZmm\w PqKp]vtkXv.
(\hw ]qp\np hrns Kw
Zqctbvv hoipXpt]mse ]pWyIns Zqc
tv hoipp. AXpt]mse Ipgnbn sh hmfns
hmbve Rm Nhnn \Smw Fp]dv \Sm
Ipgnbn hogpw. hnlze\mbnocmsX (amb) knnpX
Iphn[w Bmhns\ cnm\m{KlnWw.
]Xns\mmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw ]{v
1. AtWmcWobm altXm alobm
Bm Kplmbmw \nlntXm ky Ptm
Xa{IXpx ]iyXn hoXtimtIm
[mXpx {]kmZmlnam\aoiw
(AWphns\m AWphmbnpffXpw alns\
m almbnpffXpamb Bmhv Cu Pphns
(Pohn) lrZb Kplbn nXnsNpp. hnjbm`nemjc
lnX B alXzapffCuis\ Cuizcs {]kmZm
ImWpp. kpJZpxJclnX\mbnocpIbpw sNpp.
2. kvX {]mWmx {]`hn XkvamXv
k]vXmnjx kan[x kvXPnlzmx
k]vX Cta temIm tbjv S Ncn {]mWm
KplmibmnlnXmx k]vX k]vX.
3. AXx kap{Zm Knc kct
kvamyt knhx kcq]mx
AX hnizm Hmj[tbm cmkm
tbss\j {`pX kvXnjvTXycmm
(Ch\n \nv kIe kap{Zfpw, ]hXfpw
DmIpp. Ch\n \np Xs Fm hn[nepff
\ZnI HgpIpp. Ch\n \np Xs kIe Hmj
[nIfpw [ym\fpw DmIpp. bmsXmn Ch
`qXfm Nps Acmmhmbn \nesImffpp.
Bckhpw Ah\n \npXs.)
4. {_m tZhm\mw ]Zhox I\o\mw
Ejn hn{]mWmw alntjm arKmWmw
tiyt\m Kr{[mWmw kz[nXn h\m\mw
tkmax ]hn{XatXyXntc`.
(tZhmcn {_mhpw IhnXIfn ]ZhmIym
\nbpw, _pnammcn Ejnbpw arKfn t]mpw
IgpImcn ]cppw h\fn ]ciphpw bmKfn
tkmambmKhpw ]cnipambn i_vZnpXmbn AXni
bnp hn[n {]tim`npp.)

I 5. APmtaImw temlnipIrjvWmw
_lzow {]Pmw P\bow kcq]mw
AtPm tlytIm PqjamtWm\ptitX
PmltXy\mw `qt`mKatPm \yx.
(Xpeycq]w Ie At\Iw {]PIsf P\nnp
Npav, shfpv, Idpv \ndtmSp IqSn PclnXamb
Hcp {]IrXnsb A\p`hnp Hcp PclnX\mb
hyn euIoIhnjbfn apgpIngnbpp. Pan
m asmcp Poh t`mKsfmw A\p`hnp Xop.
Cu ambm {]IrXnsb ]cnXyPnpp. (]cammhpw
PohmmhpamWv ChnsS ]cmainsSpXv)
6. lwkxkpNnjZv hkqccnkZv
tlmXm thZnjZXnYn ZqtcmWkXv
\rjZzctkZrXkZv thymakZ_vPm
tKmPm EXPm A{ZnPm EXw _rlXv.
(Ah BImiNmcnbmb lwkhpw (kqcy)
A co k mb hk ph pw (hmb p) t hZnb n
hknp tlmXmhpw (An) Ieifn hknp
AXnYnbpw (tkmackw) \rknepw hckpw
(a\pjycnepw tZhmcnepw Ccnp) EXkpw
(bmKnX) thymakpw (BIminX) A_vP-
hpw (shffn P\nXv) tKmPbpw (`qanbn P\nXv
EXPbpw (bmKn P\nXv) _rlpw (alpw
BIpp.)
6. bkva mmXm \ ]cm ss\h InwN
\mk b Bhnthi `ph\m\n hnizm
{]Pm]Xnx {]Pbm kwhnZm\
kv{XoWn tPymXowjn kNtX k tjmUio.
(P\nnpff bmsXmn \nv A\yfm, Hpw
Dmbncpnm bmsXmcph Fm `ph\sfbpw
{]thinp. B {]Pm]Xn {]PItfmSv Hnp aqp
tPymXnpIfmb Hnp tNcpp. Ah ]XnmdpIe
Ifpffh\mWv ({_ns ]Xnmdp IeI {]mW,
{i, BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, `qan, C{nbw, a\v,
Aw, hocyw, X]v, a{w, Iw, temI, \ma
, ChbmWv)
6. hn[mcw lhmatl htkmx IphnZv
h\mXn \x khnXmcw\rNkw
(temIs [cnph\pw a\pjycpsS NnmZnI
Adnbph\pw Bb khnXmhns\ R Blzm\w
sNpp. Ah Rp [\w karambn \Is.)
7. LrXw ananntc LrXaky tbm\n
LrtX {inXu LrXaphky [ma
N P
620
A\pjzYamhl amZbkz K
kzmlmIrXw hrj` hn lhyw.
(LrXw tlmanp; LrXamWv Chs tbm\n.
(Dhm\w) LrXn B{ibnh\mIpp.
LrXmXs Chs [maw. tl At, Hmtcm AW
nepw tZhmsc sImphcpI. aZnnpI. t{ijvT
\mbhs\, kzmlm Fp ]dv tlmanp tlma
{Zhyw hlnpI.
8. kap{ZmZqn a[pam DZmc
Zq]mwip\m kaarXXzmam\Sv
LrXky \ma Kplyw bZkvXn
Pnlzm tZhm\maarXky \m`nx
(kap{Z hnimeamb krjvSnbn \m`nt]mse
{]]w tX t]mse ktmj{]Zambn Dhnp.
LrXwt]mse t]mjIamb ]cakXyns\ bmsXmcp
Kplyamb \maaptm AXns aamb P]m
AarXXzw {]m]npp. AXv {ZhymcpsS PnlzbmIpp.
AarXns \m`nbnw ( (tI{w) BIpp.
9. hbw \am {]{_hmam LrtX\m
kvan bt [mcbmam \tam`nx
D] {_m irWhkyam\
NXpx irtKm haoZv Kuc GXXv.
(Cu bn {]Imicq]n R Hmw
F \maw Dcns. \akvImctfmsS Hmns.
\mep irwJtfmSp IqSnb ikyam\amb (]pIgv
sSp) irWh\mb (tIp) Kuc\mb (]cnip
) {_w CXns\ cns.
10. NXzmcn irwKm {Xtbm Aky ]mZm
tZz iotj k]vX lkvXmw tkm Aky
{Xn[m _tm hrjt`m tcmchoXn
atlm tZthm aXym Bhnthi
CXn\v irwJ (sImv) \mseamWv. ]mZ
aqmWv. incpI cmWv. CXn\v ssIbpI GgmWv.
aqp hn[ n _ambnpff hrj `w (Imf)
i_vZ npp. {]mIicq]nbmb tZh a\pjycn
{]thinp. (ChnsS Hmmcw, ]c{_w, [w ChbmWv
]cmainsSpXv. ]cm{]IrXnbpw A]cm{]IrXnbpw
cp incpI; Ggp temI, ssII, Pm{KXv
kz]v\kpjp]vXnI ]mZ)
11. {Xn[m jnXw ]Wn`nKplyam\w
KhntZhmtkm LrXa\zhn
C{ GIw kqcy GIw PPm\
th\mtZIw kz[bm \njvXpx

I (tZhkam\cmb an\nam aqp {]Imcn A\p
jvTnsXpw BNmcym clkyambn shsXp
amb LrX (kzbw {]Imiamb ]cakXyw) hmpIfn
{]m]np. C{ Hns\bpw kqcy Hns\bpw
P\nnp. B\ kzcq]amb Hn \np Hv kz{]
XnjvTnXamb BmhpsImv \njv]ambn.)
12. tbm tZhm\mw {]Yaw ]pckvXmX
hnizm[ntIm cpt{Zm aljn
lncWyK`w ]iyX Pmbam\w
k t\m tZhx ip`bm kvXpXym kwbp\p
(At Aw DXvI rjvS\pw EjnIamb bmsXmcp
cp{Z\n tZhmcn shv Hma\mb lncWyK`\p
appXs P\nph\mbn ImWpp, B tZh
\sf ip`amb kvarXntbmSp tbmPnns.)
13. bkva mXv ]cw \m ]cakvXn InnXv
bkva mmWotbm \ PymtbmfkvXn InXv
hr Ch kvX_vt[m ZnhnXnjvT tXyI
kvtXt\Zw ]qWw ]pcptjW khw
(bmsXmn \nv ]cambntm A]cambntm Hpw
Zlnpn. bmsXmns\m sNdpXmbntmhepXm
bntm Hn. bmsXmcph hrstmse kvX w`n
h\mbn GI\mbn tZymhn nXnsNpp B
]pcpj CsXmw ]qamWv.
14. \ IWm \ {]Pbm [t\\
XymtKss\tI AarXXzam\ip
]tcW\mIw \nlnXw Kplmbmw
hn{`mPtX bZyXtbm hnin
Ime, {]P (kXn) sIm, [\me,
XymKw sImmWv Nne tamw {]m]nXv. bmsXmn
s\bXnam {]thinpp, AXv kzn\pw Apdv
DffXmWv lrZbKplbn AXv {]Iminpp.)
15. thZm hnm\ kp\nnXmmx
k\ymktbmKmXv bXbx ipkzmx
tX {_temImjp ]cmImte
]cmarXm ]cnapNyn kth
(thZmm\w sImv Aw \nbw hcpn-
bnpffhcpw k\ymk tbmKm hnipmxIcW
mcpw Bb Fm bXnIfpw DXvIrjvShpw acWclnXhp
amb {_ambnov Ahkm\Imev {_temI
fn ]qambn apmcmbnocpp.
16. Z{lw hn]mlw hcthiva`qXw
bXv ]pcoIw ]pca[ykww
N P
621
X{Xm]nZt{l KK\w hntimIw K
Xkvan bZkvXZp]mknXhyw
Z{lhpw (Aev]w) hn]m]hpw (]m]anm) hcth
iy`qXhpw (Bmhns Ahkm\w) ]pca[ykww
(icoca[ynXw) Bb bsXmcp ]pcoIw (lrZbI-
aew) AhnsSbpw Aev ev timIclnXamb
bmsXmcp BXXzw AXv, D]mknstSXmWv.
17. tbm thZmZu kzcx t{]mtm thZmt N
{]Xnjv T nXx
Xky {]IrXneo\ky bx ]cx k atlizcx
thZn BZnbn bmsXmcp kzcw ]dbsp,
thZmnepw Ddnp ]dp. {]IrXnbn ebnp
tNcp A Xn\pw Apdv bmsXmcph\mtWm
Ah\mWv atlizcCuizc
A\phmIw ]Xnaqv
1. kll{kiojw tZhw hnizmw
hniz iw`phw
hnizw \mcmbWw tZhacw ]caw ]Zw
2. hnizXx ]caw \nXyw hnizw \mcmbWw lcnw
hniztathZw ]pcpjx kvXZznizap]PohXn
3. ]Xnw hnizkymtizcw imizXw
inhaNypXw
\mcmbWw almtbw hnizmm\w
]cmbWw
(Cu hnizw ]pcpj XsbmWv. AXpsImv
Bbncw incpIfpffh\pw {]Imikzcq]\pw At\Iw
Ipffh\pw temIawKfZmbI\pw {]] kzcq]I\pw
\ckaqlns {]`phpw tZh\pw \mianmh\pw
]ca{]Zambh\pw {]]n\v AXoX\pw \nXy\pw
hniz\pw \mcmbW\pw lcnbpw (]m]\miI) hniz\m
Y\pw Btizc\pw imizX\pw awKf kzcq]\pw ANyp
X\pw \c\mbn AhXcnh\pw almtb\pw hnizm
mhpw ]cmbW\pw (DXvIrjvSamb {]m]ym\w) Bb
tZhs\ Cu hnizw D]Pohnpp.)
4. \mcmbWx ]cw {_ XXzw \mcmbWx ]cx
\mcmbWx ]cw tPymXncmm \mcmbWx ]cx
\mcmbWmx ]tcm[ymXm [ym\w \mcmbWmx ]cx
(\mcmbW ]caamb {_mhmIpp; ]caamb
XXzamIpp; ]caamb tPymXnmIpp; ]cammhm
Ipp. ]caamb [ymXmhpw [ym\hpw Fmw \mcmbW
Xs)

I 5. b InnXv PKXykvan ZriytX
{irbtX]n hm
A_ln XXv khw hym]y
\mcmbWx nXm
(Cu PKn Fsmw hkvXp ImWsSp
p; tIsSpp AsXmw AIpw ]pdpw
hym]np \mcmbW \nesImffpp.
A\yahybw Ihnw kapt{Zw hnizw`phw
]tImi{]XoImiw lrZbw
Nm]yt[mapJw.
(Aanmh\pw \mianmh\pw Ihnbpw
(kh) hniz iw`ph\pw (temIn\v kpJw
\Ipp) Bb \mcmbWs\ [ym\npI Xmacsamn\p
Xpeyamb lrZbhpw Xmtgmp apJapffXmbncnpp.
7. At[m\njvSym hnXkvXymt \m`ymap
]cnXnjvTXn
lrZbw XZv hnPm\obmZv hnizkymbX\w
alXv
(bmsXmv \njvTnbpsS Xmsg (IWvTIq]n\p
Xmsg) hnXkvX ymn (cp{ZNmWns Ahkm\w)
\m`npapIfn \npp. Cu lrZbs hnizmm
hns almb BbX\ambn (m\w) a\nemWw
8. kXw Xp kncm`nkvXp ew_Xym
tImi kn`w
Xkymt kpjncw kqvaw Xkvan khw
{]XnjvT nXw
(BImiknZaman (Xmacsamn\p Xpeyamb
lrZbw) kncIfmb FmbnSpw hym]nv XqnnS
pp. AXns An\v kqvaamb kpjncapv.
AXns An\v kqvaamb kpjncapv. AXn
Fmw {]XnjvTnXambncnpp.
9. Xkyatyalm\n hnizmn
hniztXmapJx
tkm {K `pIvhn`P XnjvTmlmc
aPcx Ihnx
10. XncyKq[za[ximbo civabkvXky kXm
km]bXn kzw tZlam]mZXe akvXIw
11. \oe tXmbZa[ym hnZyptJh`mkzcm
\ohmc iqI]\zo ]oXm`mkzXyWp]cam
(AXns a[yn hnizmnpw (FmbnSpw
Pzmebpff hniztXmapJambn A{K`pmbn (BZyw
`np) Blmcs hn`PnpXmbn nXnsNp
Xpw PcbnmXpw Ihnbpw (Fmadnbp) Bb
N P
622
bmsXmcp almb An AXv kzamb tZls
K
B]mZNqVw NqSpffXmpp. AXns a[yn
AXyw kqva hpw ImtaLfpsS \Sphnepff
ansImSnt]mse tim`npXpw hcns\ns ap\
pt]mse Irihpw a\ndnepffXpw AWpXpey
hpw Bb hninJ nXnsNpp.
12. Xkymx inJmbm aty ]camm hyhnXx
k {_ kinhx (k lcnwx) tk{x
tkmcx ]caxkzcmSv
(B inJbpsS ayn ]cammhv \nesImffpp.
AXv {_amXpp. AXv inh\mIpp. AXv hnjvWphpw
C{\pamIpp. AXv \miclnXhpw DXvIrjvShpw kzbw
{]Imicq]hpamIpp.
A\phmIw ]Xnmev
1. BZntXym hm Gj Gaeew X]Xn,
X{X Xm EN kvXZrNmaWvUew, k ENmw
temtIm Y b Gj GXkvan ate n
o]ytX Xm\n kmam\n, k kmav\mw temtIm Y
b Gj GXkvan ate njn ]pcpjp
kvXm\n bPpwjn k bPpjm aew
k bPojmw
temIx sskjm {Xth hnZy X]Xn k
GtjmcZmtXy lncbx ]pcpjx
(Ch Xobmbpw BZnXy\mWv. Cu aWvUes
X]nnpp. AhnsS Ah EXpfmWv. Ah Ep
IfmWv. aeamIs EpIfpsS m\amWv. bmsXmcp
{]Imiw Cu aWvUen DPzenpp. Ah kma
fmIpp. AXv kmafpsS m\amWv . ]ns
bmsXmcph Cu aen Dff P]mebn Dtm
B ]pcpj bppIfmWv. AXv bPppsImpff
aeamWv. Ah bPppIfpsS m\amIpp. B
{XbohnZyXs {]IminXamIpp. BZnXys A`mK
pff ]pcpj lncb ]pcpj\t{X.
A\phmIw ]Xn\v
1. BZntXym ssh tXP HmtPm
_ew bipx
t{im{Xamm at\m a\ypa\p
arXyqx ktXym
ant{Xm hmbpcmImix {]mtWm temI]mex
IxInw Iw XXyaaartXm Pothm hnizx
IXax kzbw`q {_ssXZarX Gj ]pcpj
Gj `qXm\m[n]Xn {_Wx kmbpPyw

I ktemIXmam]vt \mXyXmkmtah tZhXm\mw
kmbpPyw kmjvSnXmw kam\temIXm
am]vt \mXn
b Ghw thtZXyp]\njXv.
(BZnXy XsbmIpp, tXPv, HmPv, _ew,
in, biv, Npv, sNhn, icocw, a\v, tIm]w,
a\p, arXyp, kXyw, an{X, hmbp, BImiw, {]mW,
C{mZnIv]mem, {_mhv, A\nhN\obamb XXzw,
kpJw ]cakXyw, {]IrXntamw, Poh, temIw,
]caambkpJw, kzbw `qhmb {_w acWclnX\mb
]pcpj CtlamIs `qXfpsS A[n]XnbmWv.
bmsXmcm CXdnbpp, Ah {_mW\mIpp.k
Ah {_kmbpPyw {]m]npp. Cu tZhmcpsS
kmbqPys AXpt]mse kam\amb temIs
{]m]npp Fv D]\njv D]tZinpp.
2. LrWn kqcy BZntXymabn X]x kXyw
a[p cn, XZv {_XZm], Bt]m tPymXn
ctkmarXw {_ `q`phx kphtcma
(LrWn ({]ImiZmXmhv)e kqcy, BZnXy {]Wh-
hmNyamb {_w Chsbmw Xs {_s An
pp. X]v, kXyw, a[p (D]mk\bpsS ew) \
Ipp. AXv {_amIpp. AXv Pew t]mse kh-
hym]nbmWv. {]Imikzcq]amWv. ckkzcq]amWv. AarX
kzcq]amWv. {_amWv. `qtemIw, `phtemIw, kz
temIw Chsbmw Xs {]Whcq]amb {_amIpp.
A\phmIw ]Xn\mdv
1. \n[\]Xtb \ax \n[\XmnImb \ax
Du[zmb \ax Du[zenwKmb \ax
lncWymb \ax
lncWyenwKmb \ax Znhymb \ax
ZnhyenwKmb \ax`hmb
\ax `henwKmb \ax imb \ax i
enwKmb
\ax inhmb \ax inhenwKmb \ax
Pzmemb \ax
PzeenwKamb\ax Bmtb \ax B
enwKmtb \ax
]camtb \ax ]caenwKmb \ax
GXXv tkmaky
kqcyky kenwKw m]bXn ]mWn
a{w ]hn{Xw
(1. \n[]Xnv \akvImcw ({]fbkmn) 2. acW
Imhmb ba\v \akvImcw. 3. apIfn \nesImffp
N P
623
inh\v \akvImcw., 4. kZminhXXzn\v \akvImcw. K
5. kzh\mb inh\v \akvI mcw. 6. kz
\nnX inhenwKn\v \akvImcw. 7. \ Imnbpff
inh\v \akvI mcw. 8. Znhy\mb inhenwKn\v
\akv I mcw. 9. kzcq]nbmb inh\v \akvI mcw.
10. AeuInIenwKcq]nbmb inh\v \akvImcw. 11. awKf
Imc\mb inh\v \akv Imcw. 12. ih\v \akvImcw,.
14. kh\miI\mb inh\v \akvI mcw 15. awKfkzcq
]nbmb inh\v \akvImcw. 16. awKfmb eWw tN
tZh\v \akvImcw. 17. {]Imiam\\v \akvImcw. 18. tPym
XnenwK cq]nv \akvImcw. 19. PKns Bmhmb
tZh\v \akvImcw. 20. Fm PohnIfpsSbpw lrZbn
Dsmffph\v \akvImcw. 21.DXvIrjvS\mb inh\v
\akvImcw. 22. tammIenwKcq]nv \akvImcw. Cu
a{fm DamklnXw Fmn\pw ImcW`qX\pamb
inhs ]cnip {]mWna{cq]\pamb enwKs
`m m]npp.
A\phmIw ]Xnt\gv
1. ktZymPmXIw {]]Zyan ktZym
PmXmb ssh \tam \ax
`th `th \mXn`th `hkz amw
`thmZv`hmb \ax
(ktZymPmXs\ Rm icWw {]m]npp. ktZym
PmX\v \akvImcw. hopw hopw Pn\v Fs
AbcptX. kwkmcs AXn{Ian tamnte
bvv Fs Abmepw. kwkmcns DZv`hm\amb
inh\v \akvImcw.)
A\phmIw ]Xns\v
1. hmatZh\mb \tam tPyjvTmb \ax
t{ijvTmb \tam
cp{Zmb \ax Imemb \ax IehnIcWmb \tam
_ehnIcWmb \tam _emb \tam
_ep {]aY\mb
\ax k `qXZa\mb \tam at\m\mb \ax
(hmatZh\v \akvI mcw. 2. Ghpw t{ijvT\mb
tZh\v \akv I mcw. 3. Ghpw t{ijv T\mb tZh\v
\akvImcw. 4. {]fbImev P\sf Icbnnp
tZh\v \akvImcw. 5. Imecq]nbmb tZh\v \akv Imcw.
6. {]Ir Xnbn am ap m n o p tZ h\v
\akvImcw. 7. _en amapmnop tZh\v
\akvImcw. 8. inkzcq]\v \akvImcw. 9. i{XpfpsS
i n \ i n n p h \ v \ a k v I m cw. 1 0 . F m
`qXfpsSbpw A[n]Xnbmb tZh\v \akvImcw 11. Pohn
IfpsS a\ns\ \nb{np tZh\v \akvImcw.

I A\phmIw ]sm]Xv
1. AtLmtct`ym Y tLmtct`ym
tLmctLmcXtc`yx
kXx iktt`ym
\akvtX AkvXp cp{Zcpt]`yx
imambnpffh\pw ]ns tLmcfmbhbpw
Ghpw tLmcXchpamb kIe cp{ZtfmSpw IqSnb
Atbvv tl, inh, kZminh, FmbnSpw \akvIm
cw `hns.
A\phmIw Ccp]Xv
1. XXv ]pcpjmb hnZvatl hmkptZhmb [oaln
Xtm cp{Zx {]tNmZtbXv
(XXv ] pcpj s\v (]cammhv ) {]kn\mb
]pcpjs\ R Adnbs. hmbptZhs\ R
[ym\npp. AXn\mbn cq{Z Rsf t{]cnns.
A\phmIw Ccp]smv
1. Cuim\x khnZym\maoizcx
k `qXm\mw
{_m[n]Xn{_tWmXn{_m
inthm ta AkvX p kZminthmav
(kIe hnZyIfpsSbpw \mY\pw kh`qXfp
sSbpw \nbmhpw thZns A[n]Xnbpw {_
ns A[ntZh\pw Bb ]cammhv F\nv awKf
Imcnbmbn im\mbn `hns. kZminh HmmchmNy
amb {_amIpp.
A\phmIw Ccp]ncv
1. \tam lncWymb _mlth lncWyhmb
lncWycq]mb lncWy]Xtbw _nIm]Xtb
Dam]Xtb ]ip]Xmb \ax
(kzm`cW`qjnXamb ssII tNh\pw
kzm\Lfmb thZm c v Dev ] n 1.
m\hpw kzcq]\pw (1) kns \mY\pw
Aw_nIm\mY\pw Dam]Xnbpw kIe PohnIfpsSbpw
\mY\pw Bb kZminh\v \akvImcw.
A\phmIw Ccp]naqv
1. EXw kXyw ]cw {_ ]pcpjw
IrjvW ]nwKfw
DuztcXw hncq]mw hnizcq]mb
ssh\tam \ax
N P
624
(EXamb kXyhpw (AXy kXyw) ]camb {_hpw
K
IrjvWhtmSpw ]nwKfhtmSpw tNXpw
Du[ztcXpw (tcXns\ {_c{n [cnp
(hncq]m\pw ({Xnt\{X) ]pcpj\pw (]pcpjcq]w
tNh\pw hnizcq]\pamb tZh\v hopw hopw
\akvImcw.
A\phmIw Ccp]n\mev
1. ktm ssh cp{Zx Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam
AkvXp]pcptjm
ssh cp{Zx ktlm \tam \ax hnizw
`qXw `ph\w
Nn{Xw _lp[m PmXw Pmbam\w N
bXv ktm
tlyj cp{ZkvXkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp
(kIeXpw cp{Z\mIpp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw
`hns. Acymanbmb Bmhpw kmbnpffXpw
almtXPpw cp{Z\mWv. cp{Z\v \akvImcw. {]]hpw
krjvSns Bmfpw ]e {]Imcn Dmbn
pffXpw DmbnsmncnpXpamb hnNn{Xamb
`ph\amsI cp{Z\mIpp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw `hns.
A\phmIw Ccp]nbv
1. p{Zmb {]tNXtk aoUpjvSamb Xhytk
thmtNa iaw lrtZ ktmtlyj cp{Z
kvXkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp
({]tNXpw (hninjvSm\bp) aoUnjvThpw
(B {Kl k m[nnp sImSp p) Xhy pw
(AXninam)lrZ\pw (lrZbn XnsNp)
I{ZpZ\v (kvX pl\mb cp{Z) iwXaamb (awKfIcw)
kvt Xm{Xw R Km\w sNpp. CsXmw cp{Z\m
Ipp. B cp{Z\v \akvImcw `hns.
A\phmIw Ccp]nbmdv
bky sshIXyntlm{X lhWo `hn
{]XnjvT nXmx {]tXyhmkymlpX
bkvXnjvTn
AtYm {]XnjvTnssXy
(bmsXmcphs Antlm{XbmKn BPyw
tlmanp D]IcWw sshbXIv acw sImpmn
bXmtWm Ch BlpXnI {]tXyIw Xs {]XnjvTnX-
fmbn XnsNpp. ]noSv {]XnjvTnXnv (Nn
ipn Zzmcm XXzm\w t\S) `hnpp.
 625

I A\phmIw Ccp]ntbgv ]p\p {_Wk]vXn {_]qXm K

1. IrWpjzm ]mP CXn ]
IrWpjzm ]mP Fp XpSp Apa{
m\mP\nse hnLv\ ]cnlcnm\pw i{Xp
kwlmcn\pw ]nbhbmWv Fv kqN\ \Ipp.
A\phmIw Ccp]nsbv
1. AZnXntZhm Km a\pjymx ]oX
tcm kpcmkvtXjmw k`qXm\mw
amXm taZn
\o alXo alo kmhn{Xo Kmb{Xo PKXyp
o ]rYzn _lpem hnizm, `qXm IXam
Imbm km ktXyXyartXXn hknjvTx
(AZnXn (`qan) tZhm, Khm, a\pjym,
]nXr , Akpcm, B kh`qXfpsSbpw
amXmhpw taZn\nbpambn almbn ]qP\obambn
khnXmhns\ kw_npXmbn kvXpXnp hsc
c n phfmbn, Fmn\pw B {ib`qX\mbn,
[m\yfm karntNXmbn, hnimeambn [m\yk
arbmbn ]`qXmnIbmbn kpJkzcq]nWnbmbn,
`qXfpsS icocambn, \nesImffphfmbn, kXykz
cq]nWnbmbn, acWanmhfmbn Ah {]tim`np
pshv hknjvT ]dp.
A\phmIw Ccp]nsbm]Xv
1. Bt]m hm CSw kw hnizm`qXm\ym
]x {]mWm hm B]x ]ih Bt]m
amt]m arXam]x k{amUmt], hncmUm]x
kzcmUm]RvO mwkymt]m tPymXowjym
t]m bwjym]x kXyam]x km
tZhXm Bt]m `q`phx kzcm] Hmw
CsXmw shffw XsbmIpp. Fm `qXfpw
shffamWv. {]mWfpw shffamWv. arKfpw shff
amWv. Aw shffamWv, AarXw shffamWv. lncWy
K` shffamWv. {]]]pcpj PeamWv. AhymIr
Xamb Cuizc\pw shffamWv. Kmb{XymZn OpI
shffamWv. tPymXnpI shffamWv. kXyw shffam
Wv. khtZhXIfpw shffamWv. `qtemIw, `qhtemIw,
kztemIw, Cu aqp temIsf PeamWv. Hmmchm
Nyamb shffw XsbmWv kIeXpw.
A\phmIw apXv
1. Bx ]p\p ]rYznhow ]rYznhow ]qXm
]p\mXp amw
]p\mXpamw
kw ]p\p amamt]m kXmw N
bZpnjvSat`mPyw bZzm ZpcnXw aa
{]Xn{Kmlx kzmlm
(Pew `q\nnXamb Cu tZls ipams.
ipoIcns tZlw Fs ipamIs. bmsXmcp
DnjvStam At`mPytam Fs Zpjv{]hrnsImpff
]m]tam ZpjvS mcn \nv Rm Zmlw kzoIcnnp
sn AsXmsbpw Pew Fs ipamno
s.
A\phmIw apnHv
1. An am a\yp a\yp]Xb
a\ypIrtX`yx
]mt]t`ym cmw bZm ]m]aImjw,
a\km
hmNm lkvXm`ymw ]Zv`ymapZtcW
iniv\m, Al
kvXZhepp, bXv InZpcnXw abn CZalw
amarXtbm\u ktXy tPymXnjn
Pptlman kzmlm
Anbpw a\yphpw a\p]XnIfmb tZhmcpw Fs
tIm]w sImv sNs ]m]fn \nv cnp
amdmIs. ]I a\psImv, hmpsImv, ssII
sImv, ImepIsImv, hbdpsImv, enwKw sImv,
bmsXmcp ]m]w sNbvtXm AXns\ Alc`nam\ntZhX
\inns. am{Xa FXn Fsmcp ]m]aptm
AsXmw Rm AarXImcWamb kXy{]Imin
tlmanpp. kzmlm
A\phmIw apncv
1. kqcy am a\yp a\yp]X
a\ypIrtX`yx
]mt]`ymw cmw b{Zm{Xnbm
]m]aImjwa\km
hmNm lkvXm`ymw ]Zv`ymapZtcW iniv\ m
cm{XnkvXZhep
Xp bXv In ZpcnXw abn CZalw
amaarXtbm
\u kqtcym tPymXnjn Pptlman, kzmlm
(kqcy\pw a\yphpw a\yp]XnIfpw a\ypIrXfmb
]m]fn \nv Fs cns. cm{Xnbn Rm
Fp ]m]w sNbvtXm, a\psImtm enwKwsImtm

N P

I AsXmw cm{Xn \innpamdmIs. Rm Fsmw
]m]w sNbvXnptm AsXms AarXtbm\nbmbn
kqcy\mb tPymXnn Rm tlmanpIbmWv. kzmlm
A\phmIw apnaqv
1. HmantXyImcw {_. AntZhXm {_
CXymjw. Kmb{Xw Ow ]cam kcq]w
kmbqPyw hn\ntbmKw
(Hmw F GImcw {_amIpp. AntZhXm
bmWv {_amWv. Ejn Kmb{Xn OmIpp. ]cam
mhv hnizamIp cq]tmSp IqSnbXmWv. Cuizc
\pambn GIo`mhw {]m]npIbmWv D]tbmKw.
A\phmIw apn\mev
1. BbmXp hcZm tZho Acw {_kwlnXw
Kmb{Xo Okmw amtXZw {_ Pqjkz \x
(hc Zm\w sNp tZhnbmb Kmb{Xn \mianm
Xpw thZkXhpw {_XXzw kzcq]nWnbpamWv.
AXv {_XXzw kzcq]nWnbpamWv. AXv {_XXzw
D]tZinpXn\mbn hcs. OpIfpsS amXmhmb
Kmb{Xn Cu {_XXzs Rv ]Tnnpamdm
Is.
2. bZmXv IpcptX ]m]w XZmXv
{]XnapNytX
b{Zm{XnbmXv IpcptX ]m]w X{Zm{XnbmXv
{]XnapNy
tX kht almtZhn kymhntZy
kckzXn
(kIe Acpw aqeambnpff {]Imikzcq
]nWn kyIfn AdnbsSphsf, kckzXn, ]I
kabv GsXmcp ]m]w sNpp AXv ]I Xs
\ins. cm{Xnbn bmsXmcp ]m]w sNsSpp AXv
cm{Xn Xs \inpamdmIs.
A\phmIw apnAv
1. HmtPmkn, ktlmkn, _eakn, {`tPmkn,
tZhm\mw [mam\makn, hnizakn
hnizmbpx k
akn kmbpc`n`qtcmw, Kmb{Xoamhm
lbman, kmhn
{Xoamhmlbman, kckzXoamhmlbman,
Ojo
\mhmlbman, {inbamhmlbman, Kmb{Xnbmx
Kmb{Xo Otm hnizman{X Ejox khnXm
tZhXm
N P
626
napJw {_mintcm hnjvWplrZbx K
cq{Zx in
]rYznho tbm\ox {]mWm]m\thymt\mZm
\kam\m
k{]mWm tizXhm kmJymb\k
tKmt{XmKmb{Xo
NXpnwiXycm {Xn ]ZmjSvIpnx]
iotjm
]\bt\ hn\ntbmKx
(Atbm Kmb{Xo, \o HmPmIpp, ss[cyamIp
p, _eamIpp, AtNX\ PKmIpp, hnizns
\ne\nev]mIpp, FmamIpp, kIecsSbpw Bbpm
Ipp, i{Xp\miIamIpp. Rm Kmb{Xnsb Bhmln
pp. kmhn{Xnsb Bhmlnpp. kckzXnsb
B hmln pp. OpIfpsSbpw EjnIsfbpw
Bcm[npp. evansb Bhmlnpp. Kmb{XnbpsS
Ov Kmb{XnbmWv. hnizman{X\mWv Ejn. khnXm
hmWv tZhX. AnbmWv apJw; {_mhv incv, hnjvWp
lrZbw; cp{Z inJ; ]rYnhntbm\n; {]mW A]m\,
hym\, DZm\, kam\, F ]{ mW ,
{]mWhmbpfmWv, shfp \ndapffhbmWv, kmwJy
mv B{ibamb ]cammhns tlm{XamWv, Kmb
{Xnv Ccp]n\mev AcamWv. aqp ]mZfmWv,
AXv Bdp tImi tNXmWv; Av incpff
XmW; D]\b\nemWv AXns D]tbmKw.
2. Hmw `qx Hmw `qhx Hmw kphx Hmw alx
Hmw P\x HmwX]x Hmw kXyw Hmw
XXv khnXq htcWyw `tmtZhky [oaln
[ntbm tbm \x {]tNmZbmXv Hmamt]m
tPymXn ctkm arXw {_ `q`phx kztcmw.
(Hmw `qtemIw, `phtemIw, kpIrXnI Xmakn
p kphtemIw, alXztadnb altemIw, Iev]m
cn ebnpt]mIp P\ ASp Iev] n
BZyw sNp Xt]mtemIw kXy\njvTmv B{i
bamb kXytemIw Chsb kw_np hymlrXn.
{]Imicq]amb khnXmhns htcWyamb (t{ijv Tw)
`w (tXPv) R [ym\np bmsXmcphs
RfpsS _pnsb t{]cnns. ]rYnhnbnse Pew,
BZnXy\nse {]Imiw, ckw, AarXw, Fmw {_
amIpp. `qx `phx kphx Hmw aqp almhymlrXnIfpw
{_amIpp.
A\phmIw apnbmdv
1. Dta inJtc tZhn
{_mtWt`ym `y\pRvP mXm
K tZhn bYmkpJw
 627

I CXv {InbIfpsS Ahkm\n hnk\w 2. {Xnkp]abmNnXw {_mWmb ZZymXv K

sNp kabv sNmp a{amWv. tZhnbmbKmb{Xn {_lXymw hm GtX Lv\n tb
{_mWmbn hopw hopw hcphm kXn {_mWm
shfmbn DXvI rjvSamb sImSpapSnbn, `qanbn,
kv{Xnkp]w ]Mvnw ]p\n Hmw
]hXincn, P\nhfmb tZhn bYmkpJw Kanm
epw. (bmNnmsX Xs {Xnkpha{w {_mW\v
Zm\w sNWw. Cu a{w P]nph {_lXym
2. kvXptXm am hcZm thZamXm ]m]sqSn \innpp. GsXmcp {_mW {Xnkp
{]tNmZbo ]ht\ ZznPmXm h a{w P]npp, Ah tkmabmKw sNbvX^ew
Bbpx ]rYnhymw {ZhnWw {_hkw t\Spp. Bbncwhsc Pesfbpw ipoIcnpp.)
alyw ZXzm {]PmXpw {_temIw
A\phmIw apnH]Xv
(Fm kvXpXnshfpw hcw Zm\w sNp
hfpw thZP\\nbw hmbphns\tmse {]tNmZ\acpfp 1. {_ ta[bm a[p ta[b, {_tah
hfpw cpep P\nhfpamb tZhn, `qanbn a[p ta[bm
F\nv Bbppw [\hpw thZ]T\w sImpff tXP 2. AZymt\m tZh khnXx
pw \evIn hninjvSamb {_lvatemIntev t]mbm {]Pmhmhoxku`Kw
epw.
]cm Zpxjznbpw kph
A\phmIw apn Ggv ({_w _pninsImv {]m]nsSpp. a[p
(]cam\w) ta[sImv {]m]nsSpp. khnXm hmb
1. LrWnx kqcy BZntXym \ {]`m tZh, Cv Rp ]p{Xu{XmZnItfmSp IqSnb
hmXycw a[p cn cp{Zkw kXyw ku`mKyw Xmepw, Zpxkz]v\w \innmepw,
ssh X{Zkamt]m tPymXo ctkm arXw 3. hnizm\n tZh khnXpZpcXm\n ]cmkph
{_ `q `phx kphtcmav bZv` {Zw X Bkph
LrWn ({]ImiZmXm) kqcy (HmPp\Iph) (khnXrtZh Fm ZpcnXfpw \innpI,
BZnXy {]fbLn hnizw XneSph, bmsXmmtWm \aymbnpffXv AXns\ F\nv Xmepw.)
Ac (\milo\) kzw {]`sbtmse kcn
pp. AXns Pew tX t]mse a[pcambn HgpIp 4. a[phmXm EXmbtX a[p cn knhx
p. AXns ckw kXyw XsbmWv. Pew, {]Imiw, am[zo\x ktzmj[ox
ckkzcq]w, AarXkzcq]w Cs\bpffXmWv {_w (]cakXyw {]m]nm\m{Klnph\v hmbp
`qx `phx Hmw Cu aqphymlrXnIfpw HmmchmNyamb B\IcfmIpp. \ZnI B\Icambn HgpIpp.
{_w Xs. \apv Hmj[nI B\abfmbn `hns.)

A\phmIw apnsbv 5. \[p\aptXmjkn a[paXv]mnhw cPx

a[pZyuckvX p \ x ]nXm
{_tXp amw a[ptaXp amw {_tah
(cm{Xnbnepw {]`mXnepw B\w `hns
a[ptaXp amw bmkvtX tkma{]Pm
`qanbnepff s]mSnbpw B\ZmbIamIs. ]nXmhmb
htm `n
tZymhv \apv B\w \Is.)
tkm Alw Zpxkz]vt\l Zpcpjv jl
6. a[pamtm h\kv]Xna[pam
bmkvtX tkma {]mWmkvXm Pptlman
AkvXp kqcyx
({_w Fs {]m]ns. ]cam\w Fs {]m]n am[zoKmthm `hp \x
s. {_w XsbmIp ]cam\w Fs {]m]n
s. tkma (DamklnX\mbn inh) bmsXmcp AbpsS (hrw \apv B\Icambnocs. kqcy
{]PI Ahsc kw_nv B Rm IpnbmIpp. B\Ic\mIs. tKm B\ZmbnIfmIs.
Z p k z ] v \ s f \ i n n p t Z h m , Z p x J 1. bmw ta[mw tZhKWmx ]nXm]mktX
\innmepw tl tZhm, AbpsS bmsXmcp {]mW Xbm amaZy ta[bmt ta[mhn\w
Ahsb Rm Abn tlmanpp. Ipcp kzmlm
N P

I (bmsXmcp _pnsb tZhmcpw ]nXrfpw D]kn
pp. AntZh Fs B _pntbmSp tNpI.
Fs _pnam\mpI.)
2. ta[mw ta hcpWm ZZmXp ta[manx
{]Pm]Xnx
ta[man{ hmbp ta[mw [mXm ZZmXp
ta kzmlm
hcpW\pw {]Pm]Xncq]\pamb Anbpw C{\pw
hmbphpw {_mhpw F\nv _pn\IpamdmIs.
kzml
3. Xzw t\m tat[ {]Yam tKm`nctiz`ncmKln
Xzw kqcyky civankvXzw t\m Akn
bnbm
Atbm ta[tZhtX, BZyw Rv tKmfpw
IpXncIfpw DmIm\\p{KlnpI. kqcycivanIfm
Rp bmKw \Sm klmbIambnocpI.
4. ta[malw {]Yamw {_WzXow {_PpXm
arjv SpXmw
{]]oXmw {_Nmcn`ntZh\maht\ lpth
(BZyw {_n \nv Dmbhfpw {_m
hfshfpw aljnbm kv XpXbpw khhym
]n\nbpw Bb ta[mtZhnsb Rm Blzm\w sNpp.
{_NmcnIfmb tZhImcy \nhlWn\v Rm
i\mIs.
5. bmw ta[mar`thm hnZpcymwmw
ta[makqcm hnZpx
Ejtbm `{Zmw ta[mw bmw hnZpkvXmw am
thihnt\m hnZpx
(EXp, tZhm, Akpcm, EjnI Ch
A\p`hnp _pnin Fn BthinnpI.)
6. bmarjtbm `qXIrtXm ta[mw
ta[mhnt\m hnZpx
Xbm amaZy ta[bmt ta[mhn\pw IrWp
(`qXsf \nnphcpw _pnammcpamb
ap\nam bmsXmcp ta[mtZhnsb Adnbpp, An tZh,
B _pn Fn BthinnpI Fs _pnam\m
pI.)
7. ta[mw kmbw ta[mw {]mXt[mw
am[yn\w ]cn
ta[mw kqcyky civan`n
hNkmthibm atl
N P
628
kmbw Imenepw {]`mXnepw Dbvpw B
K
ta[ Fnepmhs. kqcyciva nIfm Rv
AXn\v inbpmIs.
A\phmIw \mev]Xv
1. {_ta[hm a[pta[hm {_tha[p ta[hm
{_w _pninbm {]m]nsSpp. ]ca
amb B\w _pninsImv e`npp. {_w
XsbmWv a[p (]cam\w) AXv _pninsImv
{]m]nsSpp.
2. {_m tZhm\mw ]Zhox Iho\marjn
hn{]mWmw alntjm arKmWmw tiyt\m
Kr{[mWmw kz[nXn h\m\mw tkmaw
]hn{XatXyXntc`w
tZhmcpsS ayn {_hpw IhnIfpsS
a[yn ]ZhmIy{]amW\pw _pnammcpsS
a[yn Ejnbpw arKfpsS ayn t]mpw
IgpImcpsS ayn ]cppw Bbp[fpsS
a[yn ]ciphpw bmKfpsS ayn tkmabm
Khpw ]cnipambn i_vZ npXmbn kIeXns\bpw
AXnibnpp.
3. lwkxipNnjZzkpccnkZvt lmXm
thZnjXYnZptcmWkXv \rjkZv hc
kZrXkXvthymakZ_vPm tKmPm EXPm
A{ZnPm EXw _rlXv
Ah BImin {]tim`np kqcy\pw,
A co n Ignbphmbphpw, `qanbnepff
Anbpw, IpSfnepff tkmackhpw a\pjycn
IpSnsImffph\pw, tZhmcn hnph\pw,
bmKfn tNh\pw BImin Dffh\pw
shffn P\nh\pw, `qanbn ]ndh\pw bmK
n \nv DZv`qXambh\pw ]hXfn P\nh\pw
kXyhpw alpamIpp.
4. EtN Xzmw cptN Xzm kanXv {khn
kcntXm \ t[\mx AnlrZm a\km
]qbam\mx LrXky [mcmw A`nNmIioan
EtKzZmZnIfpsS m\n\v Asb EtKzZ
cq]nbmbn kev]nv NaXIsf Rm Anbn tlman
pp. lrZbns A`mKp \nv a\km tlman
s ipoIcn s\ns [mcI henb \ZnIsf
sse HgpIpp. F\nv m\w sImv {]Imin
m Ignbs.

I 5. lncWytbm thXtkm a[y Bkmw
Xkva n kp]tm a[pIrXv
Ipembo `PmkvtX
a[ptZhXm`yx XkymktX
lcbx k]vXXotc
kz[mw Zplm\m AarXky [mcmw
B Blh\obmK\nbn Cu LrX[mcIfpsS
a[yn {]Imiam\\pw [\hm\pw I^eZmXmhpw
a\pjy lrZbamIp IqSpIfn Ignbph\pamb
{Xnkpha{fm kvXpXnsSp ]cammhv
tZhXIv a[p (AarXv) hn`Pnp sImv \nesImffp
p. A hs k ao]w AarX[mcsb lhnmbn
tlmanphcpw ]m]lmcnIfpamb Ggpap\nI
\nesImffpp.
6. b CZw {Xnkp]abmNnXw {_mWmb
ZZymXv hoclXymw hm GtXLv\n tb
{_mWmkv{Xnkp]w ]mn tX tkmaw
{]m]v\phn Bkl{kmXv ]Mvnw
]p\n Hmw
bmNnmsX Xs {XnkphWa{w {_mW\v
Zm\w sNWw. Cu a{w P]nph {_lXym]m]
s IqSn XcWw sNpp. CXv sNmp {_mWv
tkmabmKw sNbvXXns ^ew e`npp. Hcp ]wn
bn Bbncwt]sc Ah ipoIcnpp. a{tZh
Xsb kXytmSv Ah sFIyw {]m]npp.
A\phmIw \mev]n Hv
1. ta[mtZho PpjamtWm BKmZv
hnizmNo `{Zm kpa\kyam\m
Xzbm PpjvSm PpjamWm Zpc
_rlZztZl hnZt[ kphocmx
kIeXpw Adnbphfpw awKfkzcq]bpw Da
a\pffhfpw tkhnphcn {]kbpamb ta[m
tZhn RfpsS ASpp hcs. hcpXn\p apv
ZpjvShmpI D]tbmKnncp R \nm
A\p{KloXcmbn. m\w t\Sn hocmcmb km\
tfmSpw injymtcmSpw IqSn ]ca kXys ]dbp-
amdmIWw.
2. Xzbm PpjvS Ejn`hXn tZhn
Xzbm {_mKX{iocpX Xzbm
Xzbm PpjvSn{Xw hntX hkp
km t\m Ppjkz {ZhntW\ tat[
N P
629
tl ta[mtZhn, AhnSps A\p{Klw knnh K
aljnbmbnocpp. AhnSps A\p{Klw t\Sn
bh {_mW\mbn `hnpp. `hXnbm A\pKrlo
X sFizcykq\mIpp. `hXnbm A\pKrlo
X ]ehn[nepff [\w t\Spp. AhnSpv Rsf
[\wsImv A\p{KlnpamdmIWta.
A\phmIw \mev]ncv
1. ta[mw a Ct{m ZZmXp ta[mw tZho kckzXo
ta[mx a Aizn\mhp`mhm[mw ]pjvIc {kPu
C{ F\nv _pnin \IpamdmIs.
tZhnbmb kckzXn ta[( _pnin) \Is. Xmac
ameI AWn cv Aizn\o tZhmcpw F\nv
_pnhnImkw \Is.
2. A]vkcmkp N bm ta[m
Ktjp N b\x
ssZho ta[m kckzXo amw ta[m
kpc`nPpjXmw kzmlm
A]vk cpIfn bmsXmcp _pninbptm,
Khmcnepw bmsXmcp Nnminbptm thZm[n
jvTnXamb kckzXnbmb ta[ (_pnin) bmsXmm
tWm B ta[ kuc`y]qambn Fs A\p{Klnp
amdmIs. kzmlm
\mev]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]naqv
1. B amw ta[m kpc`nnizcq]m
lncWyhm PKXo PKaym
DukzXo ]bkm ]n\zam\m
kmw amw ta[m kp{]XoIm PpjXmw.
bmsXmcp ta[bmIp tZhn kuc`y]qabpw
khcq]fpw tNhfpw kz htmSp
IqSnbhfpw temInemsI hym]nhfpw ]mepsImv
t]mjnnsSphfpw BWv, Bta[ ktmj
]qhw Fs A\p{KlnpamdmIs,
\mev]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]n\mev
1. abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw ankvt XtPm
Z[mXp
abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw abo{
C{nbw Z[mXp
abn ta[mw abn {]Pmw abn kqtcym
{`mtPm Z[mXp.

I AntZh Fn ta[sbmw kXv kXn
sbbpw, thZ]T\mepff tXPns\bpw \Ipamdm
Is, C{ Fn _pninsbbpw Dankm
\sfbpw \Is. Fn kqcy _pninbpw
]p{Xkpw i{Xpv `bw \Im t]m
HmPns\bpw hnns.
\mev]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]nbv
1. Ass]Xp arXypcarXw \ BK
sshhkztXm t\m A`bw IrtWmXp
]w h\kv]tXcnhm`n \x iobXmw
cbnx kNXmw \x iNo]Xnx
acWw Zqsc t]mIm\nShcs. acWanm Ah
Rv DmIpamdmIs. kqcy]p{X\mb ba
\apv A`bacpfs. \psS ]m] hrnse
CeIsft]mse Nppw hoWp\inpamdmIs. iNo
]Xnbmb C{ Rv [\w ham\amnsNs.
\mev]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]nbmdv
1. ]cw artXym A\p]tcln ]mw
bkvtX kz CXtcm tZhbm\mXv
Npjv atX irWztX tX {_hoan
am \x {]Pmw cocotjm tamX hocm.
Atbm arXytZh tZhbm\n \nv apff
AbpsS bmsXmcp ]mhptm. A\yamb B ]m
hneqsS (amw) aSntmbmepw, ImWphm Ignbp
h\pw, tIphm Ignbph\pw Bb AtbmSv
Rm ]dbpp. RfpsS {]PIsf \innm CSbm
IcpXv. hocmcmbhscbpw \innm CSsImSpcpXv.
\mev]nbmdmw A\phmIw Ignp
A\phmIw \mev]ntbgv
1. hmXw {]mWw a\kzm\zc`matl
{]Pm]Xnw tbm `ph\ky tKm]mx
k t\m artXymkv{XmbXmw ]mXzwltkm
tPymKvPohm Pcmaioaln.
bmsXmcp {]Pm]Xn `ph\ns tKm](c)
BWv As\bpff hmXns\mw {]hnp
sImncnph\pw {]mWs\tmse BcnIambn
\nesImffph\pamb {]Pm]Xn (Cuizc) tbmSv
R \nccw {]mnpp. Atlw Rsf
N P
630
acWn \nv cnpamdmIs. DPzeamb PohnXw
K
\bnpsImv Rv hmIyImehpw A\p`hnm
\nShcs. \mev]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]nsbv
1. Aap{X`qbmZY bZyaky
_rlkv] tX A`nikvtXcapx
{]XyulXmaizn\m arXypakva
tZhm\mat `njPm iNo`nx
Atbm _rlkv ] Xn. (]cammhv ) ba\nev
\npff `bn \npw A`nikvXn (A]hmZw) bn
\npw ]ns ]ctemIbm{Xbn \npw Rsf
tamNnnmepw. tl At tZhmcpsS sshZymcmb
Aizn\o tZhI Rfn \nv Ia inbm
acWs amn \ns.
\mev]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw \mev]nsbmXv
1. lcnw lcw bn tZhm hniztkyim\w
hrj`waXo\mw
{_kcq]a\ptaZamKmZb\w am hnh[o
n{Iakz
temIns \mY\pw _pnammcnev {]apJ\pw
`mcpsS ]m]w A]lcnph\pw Bb lcnsb
tZhm A\pKanpp ({_Xpeyw) Cu Ab\s
(amw) F\nv A\pKanphm km[npamdmIs.
\inncptX. AXn\v Fs klmbnmepw.
\mev]smXmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw AXv
1. ievs sIcnanm\ D`u temIu kt\alw
D`tbmtemItbm E[zmXn arXypw
Xcmaylw.
ievsfsmv (hndIv) Ansb Cm\\mbn
(Pzennph) Rm cp temIsfbpw {]m]n
pp. cp temIfpsS En (karn) sImv Rm
arXyphns\ AXn{Ianpp.
AXw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Ansbmv
1. am OntZm artXym am h[om ta _ew
hnhrtlm am {]tamjox
{]Pmw amta cocnj Bbpcp{K
\rNm hnt[a.
 631

I D{K\mb artXym(acWta) apdncptX; h[ncptX, `hntW. R cbnIfpsS (kv) ]XnIfmbn `hn K

Fs _ew \inncptX, FSpv \jvSamcptX, pamdmItW.
Fs km\sfbpw Bbpns\bpw D]{ZhncpXv.
An\memw A\phmIw Ignp.
ZrNmb (a\pjysc Fpw t\mnmWpp.)
Asb lhnpsImv R tkhns. A\phmIw Anbv
Asmmw A\phmIw Ignp. 1. kzkv XnZm hnikv]XnhrXlm
hnart[m hio
A\phmIw Ancv hrtj{x ]pc GXp \x kzkvX nZm A`bcx
1. am t\m alapX am t\m A`Iw kzkvXn`mcw (awKfZmbI) hnikv]Xnbpw (P\c
am \ DapX am \ DnXw I) hrXlmbpw (hrXs\ sImh) hnar[fn
am t\m h[ow ]nXcw tamX amXcw (bpw) hinbpw (Pzenph) hrjmhpw (hjw
Xcph A`bIc\pw (A`bw \Iph Bb
{]nbm am \kvX\pthm cp{Z cocnjx C{ RfpsS apn hcpamdmIs.
Atbm cp{Z, RfpsS alm\mbhs\ h[ncpXv,
Anbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
am{Xa RfpsS A`Is\ (Ipn) h[ncpXv.
Rfnepff Ds\ (bphmhv) h[ncpXv. RfpsS
A\phmIw Amdv
DnXs\ (K`inip) h[ncpXv. RfpsS
]nXmhns\ h[ncpXv. amXmhns\bpw h[ncpXv. 1. {Xyw_Iw bPmatl kpKnw
RfpsS {]nbs X\phsfbpw (icocw) \inn ]pjvSnh\w
cpXv. DmcpIanh _\mrtXym
apob amarXmXv
Ancmw A\phmIw Ignp.
kpKapffh\pw ]rjvSnh\w Bb {Xyw_I
A\phmIw Anaqv. \mb (ap) inh R bPnpp. _\
n \nv shffcnsbt]mse arXyphn \nv
1. am \kvtXmI X\tb am \ Bbpjn
R ap\mbnocs. AarXn \nv (tamw)
am t\m tKmjp am t\m Atizjp cocnjx apcmIm\nShccpXv.
hocm am t\m cp{Z `mantXm h[o
Amdmw A\phmIw Ignp.
lhnjvStm \akm hnt[a tX.
Atbm cp{Z, RfpsS imIfn(a) A\phmIw Antbgv
X\bmcn (afpsS a) \miw sNcpXv. Bbp
1. tb tX kl{kabpXw ]mim
nepw AcpXv. RfpsS tKmfn, IpXncIfn,
\miw sNmXncnpI, `manX\mbn (tIm]nh) artXym aymb lth.
RfpS hocmsc h[ncptX, Atbvv lhnv Xm bky ambbm
Anphcmbn \akvIcnmw. km\hbPmatl.
Anaqmw A\phmIw Ignp. arXyp tZth, aysc l\nph\mbn At
bv v bmsXmcp Bbnctam, ]Xn\mbnctam ]mi
A\phmIw An\mev Dtm Ahsbmw bns ambbm R
1. {]Pm]tX \ XztZXm\yt\ym hnizm \inn pp. (b w k wkv mcnI ZpxJ
AIem\pw tamnap]Icnpp.)
PmXm\n ]cn Xm _`qh
bXv ImamkvtX PqlpakvXtm AkvXp Antbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.

hbw kyma ]Xtbm cboWmw.

Atbm {]Pm]tX, CmWp P\n Fm ]Zm
fpw Abn \nv A\yf. Ah ]cm`hw
{]m]np. bmsXmcpImatmSp IqSntbm (B{Klw)
Atbvv R tlmaw sNp AXv Rv
A\phmIw Ansbv
1. arXypth kzmlm, arXypth kzmlm
arXyphn\mbn CXv kanpp; arXyphnmbn
CXv kanpp. Ansbmw A\phmIw Ignp.

N P

I A\phmIw AnsbmXv
1. tZhIrXssky\tkm hbP\akn
kzmlm. a\pjyIrXssky\tkm hbP\
akn kzmlm. BmIrXssky\tkm hbP
\akn kzmlm.BIrXssky\tkm hb
P\akn kzmlm. A\yIrXssky\tkm h
bPa\kn kzmlm. AkvaXv IrXssky
\tkm hbP\akn kzmlm. bnhm N
\w ssN\Ira Xky AhbP\akn
kzmlm. bXv kz] Pm{KXss\
Ira XkymhbP\akn kzmlm bXv
kpjp]vX Pm{KXss\Ira
Xkymhb
P\akn kzmlm. bZv hnZzmwkm
hnZzmwkss\Ira XkymhbP\akn
kzmlm. G\k G\tkm hbP\akn
kzmlm.
tZhmsc DtZinv sNbvXnpff Ifnepm
bnpff ]m]ns Ahb P\amWv (\mi) BWv
Av, a\pjysc Dtinv sNbvX npffXv, ]nXrsf
Dtinpw sNbvXXv. A\ypthn sNbvXv R
pthn sNbvXXv. Cu Ifnepff G\ns
(]m]w) AhbP\amIpp. (hn\miI) Av ]Iepw
cm{Xnbnepw bmsXmcp G\v (]m]w) R sNbvXpthm
AXns hn\miI\pamWv. Ddptmgpw DWncn
ptmgpw bmsXmcp]m]w R sNbvXnptm,
Adnhpffhcmbnpw (AdnpsImtm) Adnhnm
hcmbnpw (AdnbmsXtbm) GtXsXmw ]m]w sNbvXn
ptm AsXmw \innphm\mWv Av. At
bvv kzmlm.
(]cammhns\ An kzcq]\mbn Iev]nv bmKm
nbn s\v tlmanphm sNmt a{fmWv.)
A\phmIw Adp]Xv
1. bZvt hm tZhmIra Pnlzbm Kpcp
a\tkm hm {]bpXn tZhtlU\w
Acmthm tbm t\m A`n ZpivOp\mbtX
Xkvan XtZt\m hkthm \nt[X\ kzmlm.
Atbm tZhmsc, Atbm hkpsf PnlzsIm
tm (\mv) a\v sImtm {]bpXn ({]hrn)
sImtm \nv bmsXmcp tZhtlU\w (tZhmcpsS
t\pff Aham\w) sNbvX nptm bmsXmcm
RfpsS t\v i{Xp`mhn D]{Zhw sNpp,
N P
632
Ah\n \nv B ]m]s amnbmepw,
K
Adp]Xmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]n Hv
1. Imtam Imjotam \ax Imtam Im
joXv, Imax ItcmXn \mlw Imtam Im
Im \mlw Im, Imax
ImcbnXm \mlw
ImcbnXm, Gj tX ImaImamb kzmlm.
ImaamWv sNbvXv. \akvImcw, kakvImcw kIe
tZhmpw \akvImcw. Ima sNpp. Rm sNp
n. Ima\mWv Imhv. Ima\mWv sNnph.
Rm sNnp\h. ImaIma\mb (kpckzcq])
Atbvv CXm BlpXn kanpp.
Adp]nsbmmw A\phImw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]ncv
1. a\yqcImjotam \ax a\yqcImjoXv
a\ypx ItcmXn \mlw Itcman, a\yqx Im
\mlw Im,a\yqx ImcbnXm \mlw Imc
bnXm, Gj tX at\ym a\yth kzmlm.
a\yq (tIm]w) BWv sNbvXXv. \akvI mcw. \a
kvImcw, tIm]w sNpp; Rm sNpn. tIm]amWv
Imhv; Rm Imh tIm]amWv sNnpXv.
Rm\. Atbm tIm]ta, \n\p Rm BlpXn
kanpp.
Adp]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]naqv
1. Xnem Pqtlman kckm k]njvSm
Kmc aaNnt cap kzmlm.
2. Kmthm lncWyw [\a]m\w
ktjmw {inbw kzmlm
3. {inbw N eva nw N ]pjvSnwN Ionw
Nm\rWyXmw. _mWyw _lp]n{XXmw.
{imtat[{]Pmx k ZZmXp kzmlm.
Atbm Kmmc (DaKpW XnI ]cam
mth) kckfpw (ckapff) khnjvSfpw (Ac)
Bb XneIsf (Fffv) Rm tlmanpp. AbpsS
KpW Fs a\n tim`ns. tKm
lncWyw (kzw) [\w A]m\ev a nsbbpw
]rjvSnsbbpw Ionsbbpw A\rWyXsbbpw (ISan

I m Ah) {_tXPns\bp _lp ]p{XXzs
bpw {isbbpw ta[sbbpw {]PIsfbpw (km\w)
A{Zlw (B ]c{_w) \IpamdmIs.
Adp]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]n\mev
1. Xnemx IrjvWmkvXnemx
tizXmkvXnemx tkymaym
him\pKmx Xnemx ]p\p ta ]m]w bXv
InnXv ZpcnXw abn kzmlm
Xne (Idp Fffv), shfp Fffv, tkma
fmb Xne(BtcmKyIcamb Fffv), him\pK
fmb Xne (Fs hinepff) Fs ]m]s
bpw Fn GXnepw ]m]apsn AXns\bpw
Fn Fsnepw ZpcnXapsn AXns\bpw
Fn Fsnepw ZpcnXapsn AXns\bpw
ipoIcns. (CXv Fffv tlmanptm sNmm\pff
a{amWv)
2. tNmckym\w \h{imw {_lm
KpcpXev ]Kx
tKmkvtXbw kpcm]m\w {`qWlXym
Xnemimnw
iabp kzmlm.
tNmcs (tamjvSmhv) `Ww IgnXp sImpmb
]m]w, ASp Ln acn hynbpsS {imn,
`Ww IgnXp sImpmb ]m]w {_lXy aqew
Dmb ]m]w, Kpcphns `mcysb {]m]nXp sImp
mb ]m]w, tKmsf tamjvSnXp sImpmb ]m]w,
aZyw IgnXpsImpmb ]m]w, {`qWlXy (K`
iniphns\ sImXnepff ]m]w) Chbvs mw Cu
XneI (Fv) imnbpmpamdmIs.
3. {io evao ]pjvSn Ionw
Nm\rWyXmw
{_Wyw _lp]p{XXmw. {imta[
{]m Xp
PmXthZx kwZZmXp kzmlm.
{iosbbpw evansbbpw, ]pjvSnsbbpw, Ionsb
bpw, EWapmhsbbpw, {_mWysbpw, _lp
]p{XXsbbpw, {iXsbbpw _pnsbbpwPmXthZv
(AntZh) \IpamdmIs.
Adp]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.
N P
633
A\phmIw Adp]nbv K
1. {]mWm]m\hymt\mZm\kam\m ta ip[yw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
{]mW, A]m\, hym\, DZm\, ka\, Ch
AWp {]mWfpw, Fs kw_nnStmfw ip
fmbnocs. ]cam henjbIamb {]Imiw Fn
DmIpamdmIs.
2. hmMva\px t{im{XPnlzm{LmWtctXm
_pymIqXnx kev]m ta ipymw
tPymXnclw
hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
hmv, a\v, Npv, t{im{Xw, Pnlz, {LmWw,
tXPv, _pn, BIqXn, (Nn), kev]w Chsbmw
]cnipfmbnocs. Rm ctPmKpWw Cmh
\mbn ]m]w Cmh\mbn `hnpamdmIs.
3. XzIvNmamwkcp[nctatZm amkv\mbthm
o\n ta ip[ymw tPymXnclw hncPm
hn]m]vam`qbmkw. kzmlm.
Fs sXmen, tXmev, amwkw, cw, ta[v, a,
sRcpI, AnI Fmw ipambnocs. Rm
ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw Cmh\mbn Cuizckmm
Xvmcw {]m]npamdmIs.
4. incx ]mWn]mZ]mizrjvtTmcqZcPwLm
inivt\]]mbthm ta iq[ymw tPmXn
alw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
Fs incv, ]mWnI, ]mZ, ]miz,
]rjvT`mKw, Ducp (XpS), PwL (IWm) iniv\w,
D]cw, aeZzmcw Chsbmw ipfmbnocs.
Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw Cmh\mbn ]cam
kzcq]amIs.
5. DnjvT ]pcpj lcnX ]nwKf temlnXm
tZln tZln ZZm]bnXm ta ip[ymw tPymXn
clw hncPmhn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
lcnX \ndhpw (]) ]nwKf\ndhpw (a) Dffh
\pw, temlnXm\pambiv (NphIpff) ]pcpj
Fgptmepw. F\nv hnipn \ItW. F\nv
m\ ZmXmhmbn XotW.
Adp]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp
A\phmIw Adp]n Bdv
1. ]rYnhy]vtXtPm hmbpcmImim ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm

I Fs icocn\v tlXp`qXfmb ]rYnhn,
ApI, tXPv , hmbp, BImiw, Fnh ]cnip
fmIs. Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inv Cuizc
\pambn sFIyw {]m]npamdmIs.
2. i_vZ kv]icq]kKm ta iq[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam
`qbmkcw kzmlm
Fs icocn\v tlXp`qXfmb ]`qXfpw
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, Kw Fnhbpw ]cnipfpw
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, Kw, Fnhbpw, ]cnipfm
Is Rm ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inh\mbn`hnp
amdmIs.
3. at\mhmmbImWn ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
Fs a\v, hmv icocw Ch sImp sNbvXnpff
Isfmw ipambnocs. Rm ]c{_hpambn
GIo`hnm\nShcs.
4. Ahy`msshclmsscx
PyXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm.
`Khms\, AbpsS Ir]bm hyamI
`mhtfmSpIqSn AlmcmZnIfn \nv hnap\mbn
ctPmKpWhpw ]m]hpw \inv Rm ]cammhpambn
sFIyw {]m]ns.
5. Bm ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbkw kzmlm
Fs Bmhv ipambnocs. Rm tPymXn
mWv. ctPmKpWclnX\pw ]m]clnX\pambn Rm
Xocphm\nShcs.
6. Acmm ta ip[ymw
tPymXnclw hncPm hn]m]vam `qbmkw kzmlm
Fs ]cammhv ipoIrXambnocs cmtPmKp
Whpw ]m]hpw \inv Rm tPymXnx kzcq]\mb
]cammhn hnebw sImffpamdmIs.
8. pt[ kzmlm. pXv]n]mkmb kzmlm
hnhnssy kzmlm. Kzn[m\mb kzmlm
ItjmXvImb kzmlm. (Hmw kzmlm.)
hnins A[jvTm\tZhXbpkzml. hnin
sbpw Zmlntbpw A[njvTm\ tZhXIv kzmlm
khhym]nbmb ]cammhn\v kzmlm. EpIsf
hn[m\m sNbvXnpff tZhXbvv kzmlm. krjvSns
hbpsS kwcWn XXv]c\mb tZhXbvv kzmlm.
N P
634
9. pXv]n]mkmaew tPyjvTmaevao K
\mibmaylw
A{`pXnakrnw N kmnpZ ta
]m]vam\w kzmlm
hnipw ZmlhpamIp aesbpw tPyjvT F
t]cn AdnbsSp Aeva nsbbpw A`qXnsbbpw
(sFizcyanmbv a) Akarnsbbpw Fmw \innp
p. Fs ]m]s \innmepw
10. Aab {]mWabat\mab hnm\ab
am\abamm ta ip[ymw tPymXnclw
hncPm hn]m]vamam `qbmkw kzmlm
Aabw, {]mWabw, at\mabw, hnm\abw,
B\abw F Ap tImitfmSp IqSnb Fs
ipambn Rm sFIyw {]m]npamdmIs.
A\phmIw Adp]ntbgv
1. Attb kzmlm. hntizt`ym tZhth`yx
kzmlm. {[phmb `qamb kzmlm, {[ph
nXtb kzmlm. ANypXnXtb kzmlm,
Atb kzjvSIrtX kzmlm. [mb
kzmlm, A[mb kzmlm. AZv`yx
kzmlm, Hmj[nh\kv]Xn`yx kzmlm.
ctmtZhZt\`yx kzmlm. Ahkm\
]Xn`yx kzmlm. k`qtX`yx kzmlm.
Imamb kmlm. Acnmb kzmlm.
btZPXn PKXn Acnmb kzmlm.
`tKmbw \mavt\ kzmlm. ]rYnsshy
kzmlm. Acnmb kzmlm. Znth
kzmlm. kqcymb kzmlm. N{atk
kzmlm. \t{X`yx kzmlm. C{matk
kzmlm. {_lkv]Xtb kzmlm. {]Pm]Xtb
kzmlm. {_tW kzmlm.kz[m ]nXr`yx
kzmlm. \tam cp{Zmb ]ip]Xtb kzmlm.
tZth`yx kzmlm. ]nXr`yx kz[mkvXp `qtX
t`ym \ax a\ptjyt`ym lm. {]Pm]Xtb
kzmlm. ]ctajvTnt\ kzmlm.
1. A n, 2. h ni zt Zh m , 3 . im iz Xa mb
{[ph\{Xw, 4. alqamhv , 5. {[phm\w, 6.
\miclnXamb `qan, 7. BPykanXamb An, 8.
[w, 9. A[w, 10 Pew, 11. Hmj[nI, hr,
12. cpI tZhm, 13. KrlINmcnI, 14.

I Krl]cn[nbnepff tZhm, 15. B tZhmcpsS
\mbIm, 16. kh`qX, 17. Ima, 18. Acow,
19. temII\maw, 20. ]rYnhn, 21. Acow.
22. BImiw, 23. kqcy, 24. N{, 25. \{X,
26. E, 27. C{, 28. _rlkv]Xn, 29. {]Pm]Xn,
30. {_mhv, 31. ]nXr, 32. ]ip]Xnbmbcp{Z,
33. tZhm, 34. ]nXr, 35. `qX, 36. a\pjy,
37. {]Pm]Xn, 38. ]ctajv Tn Chsmw {]XyIw
kzmlm Fp sNmn s\v tlmanpI.
2. bYm Iq]x iX[mcx kl{k[mtcm AnXx
Ghm ta AkvXp [m\yw kl{k[mc anXw
[\[mss\y kzmlm.
\qdpw [mcItfmSpIqSnbXpw Bbncw [mcItfmSp
IqSnbXpw, bnmXpamb InWdv F{]Imcw,
A{]Imcw F\nv Bbncw [mcItfmSpIqSnbXpw A
Xhpamb cm\yw `hns. [\[m\ntZhXv kzmlm.
3. tb `qXmx {]Ncn Znhm\w
_enantm hnXpZky t{]ymx
tXt`ym _enw ]pjvSnImtam lcman
abn ]pjvSnw ]pjvSn]XnZ[mXpw kzmlm.
hnXpZs (in \Ip cp{Z) t{]ym
(`rXym) _ensb B{Klnphcmbn cmhpw ]Iepw
kcnpp. Ahp ]pjvSnsb B{Klnp Rm
_ensImphcpp ]pjvSn]Xn(]pjvSnbpsS \mY)
F\nv ]pjvSn \IpamdmIs.
Adp]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]nsbv
1. Hmw XZv {_w Hmw XZv hmbpx Hmw XZmm.
Hmw XXv kXyw. XXv kw. Hmw XXv
]ptcm \ax
Hmw AXv {_amIpp. Hmw AXv hmbp]mIpp.
Hmw AXv BmhmIpp. Hmw AXv kXyamIpp. Hmw
A\y. khamIpp Hmw. B]cammhn\v \akvImcw.
2. Hmw AcnXn {`ptXjp Kplmbmw
hnizaqnjp
Xzw bkvXzw hjvSImckvXzan{kvXzw
cp{ZkvXzw
hnjvWpkvXzw {]Pm]Xnx Xzw XZm]
Bt]m tPymXo ctkm arXw {_`q`phx
kphtcm.
Fm aqnItfmSpw IqSnb PohnIfn Hmmccq]n
bmb B {_w lrZbm`mKv hnpp.
N P
635
]cammth, Av bamWv, hjvSImcamWv, C{\m K
Ipp, cp{Z\mIpp, hnjvWphmIpp, {_mhmIpp,
{]Pm]XnbmIpp. \ZnIfnse PeamIpp, kap{Znse
PeamIpp, kqcy XpSnb tPymXnpIfmIpp,
a[pcw apXembh ckamIpp, Av AarXamIpp,
thZamIpp, `qtemIhpw `phtemIhpw kphtemIhpw
ApXsbmIpp.
Adp]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Adp]n HXv
1. {imbmw {]mtW \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman.
{imbma]mt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmw hymt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmapZmt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
{imbmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman.
{_Wn a BmarXXzmb.
Rm {ibn {]mW\n AarXw kanpp.
Rm {ibn A]m\\n AarXw kanpp.
Rm {ibn hym\\n AarXw kanpp. Rm
{ibn DZm\\n AarXw kanpp. Rm
{i b n k a m \ \ n A a r X w k a n p p .
AarXXzn\mbn (tamw) Fs Bmhv {_n
GIo`hns.
2. AartXm]kvX cWakn
`Ww Bcw`npXn\papv shffsaSpv
BNanptm sNmt a{w \o AarXamb A
{_n\v hkv{ XamIpp (Pes A{_s
aqSp hkv{Xambn kev]nsSpp.)
3. {ibmw {]mtW \nhnjvtSmarXw
Pqtlman inthm am hniz{]Zmlmb, {]m
Wmb kzmlm. {imbma]mt\ \nhnjvtSm
arXw Pqtlman. inthm am hnim{]Zmlmb.
A]m\mb kzmlm. {imbmw hymt\
\nhnjvtSmarXw Pqtlman inthm am hnim
{]Zmlmb. hym\mb kzmlm. {imbmw
DZmt\ \nhnjvtSmarXw Pqtlman. inthm am
hnizm{]Zmlmb DZm\mb kzmlm. {im
bmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSm arXw Pqtlman
inthm am hnim{]Zmlmb. DZm\mb kzm
lm. {imbmw kamt\ \nhnjvtSmarXw
Pqtlman. inthm am hniz{]Zmlmb. kam
\mb kztlm {_Wn a BarXXzmb.

I {ibn {]mW\n \nhnjvSambn Aars Rm
tlmanpp. awKfambnXov ZlnnpXn\mbn
Fntev {]thinmepw. {]mW\mbn kzmlm.
A]m\\mbn kzmlm, hym\\\mbn kzmlm. DZm\\mbn
kzmlm. kam\\mbn kzmlm.
Adp]smXmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Fgp]Xv
1. {imbmw {]mtW\nhniymarXw lpXw
{]mWat\m]ymbkz {imbma]mt\
\nhniymarXw hyt\ \nhniymarXw
lpXw. hym\at\m]ymbkz {imbm
apZmt\ \nhniymarXw lpXw. DZm\at\m
]ymbkz. {ibmw kamt\ \nhniym
arXw lpXw. kam\at\m]ymbkz.
Rm {itbmSp IqSn {]mW\n AarXcq]amb
lhnv Anncnpp. Cu Am Fs {]mW A\phmIw Fgp]nbv
in hnnmepw Rm {ibtbmsS A]m\\n
AarXcq]amb lhnv Anp. Cu Am
A]m\in Av hnnWw. Rm {itbmsS
kam\\n AarXcq]amb lhnv kanncnpp.
Cu Aw sImv Fs kam\insb hnnmepw.
(Cu a{ `Wn\ptijw Fgptp
Xn\p apv ]{]mWtfmSpff {]m\bmbn sNmm
\pffXv.
A\phmIw Fgp]n Hv
AwKpjvTam{Xx ]pcptjmwKpjvT w N kam{inXx
Cuixkky PKXx {]`px {]oWmXp hniz`pIv
AwKpjTam{X\mb ]pcpj (s]cphnctemfw
t]m ]pcpj) AwKpjvTsbpw incns\bpw
B{ibnncnpp. khPKnsbpw Cui\pw
hniz`ppamb (Fmw A\p`hnph)
Fgp]ncmw A\phmIw Ignp
A\phmIw Fgp]naqv
1. hbx kp]m D]tkZpcn\{w
{]nbta[m Ejtbm \m[am\mx
A] [zmaqpln ]qn Npx
apapKvykvamn[tbh _m.
\ hfpff (NndIpI) hbppI (]n
I) Ft]mse \mYam\mcpw (bmNnph) {]nb
ta[mcpamb (bmKw CjvSsSp) EjnI C{s\
N P
636
D]kmZnp. (kao]np) [ms (Ccpv) Av \inn
K
mepw. Npns\ (m\{]Imis) hnn
mepw. \n[ (Ne) sImst]mse _mcmbS
(ambbm _ns) Rsf tamNnnmepw
Fgp]naqmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmImw Fgp]n\mev
1. {]mWm\mw {Knckn cpt{Zm am
hnimIx tX\mt\m]ybkz.
Atbm cp{Z, Av {]mWsfbpw C{nbsf
bpw Iqn tbmPnnp sImIpp. ZpxJsfmw
AIp AI\mbn Fn {]thinmepw Rm
Ign `Wm Fs hnnmepw.
(lrZbn sXmv ]Xps sNmm\pff a{amWnXv)
Fgp]n\memw A\phmIw Ignp.
1. \tam cp{Zmb hnjvWpth arXypt ]mln.
cp{Z\v \akv I mcw. hnjv W phn\v \ak v I mcw.
arXyphn \nv Fs cnmepw.
Fgp]nbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Fgp]nbmdv
1. Xzat Zyp`nkvXzamipipmWo
kvX zaZv`ykvX zaiva\kv]cn
Xzw ht\`ykvXztamj[o`ykvXzw
\rWmw \r]tX Pmbtk ipNnx
tl At Av Zypfm (bmKZnhksf \an
amn) Npp]mw ipipWnbmbn ({]Imiam\\mbn)
`hnpp. \cmcpsS a[yn \r]Xnsm
(cmPmhv) Av ApIfn \nv (Pew) P\npp.
Aizfn \nv (Iv)DmIpp. Av h\fn
\nv P\np Av Hmj[nIfn \npmIpp.
ipNnsbtmWw (kqcy)]cnip\mbn P\npp.
Fgp]nbmdmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw Fgp]n Ggv
1. inht\ ta kwXnjvTkz tkymt\\ ta
kwXnjvTkz
kp`qtX\ ta kwXnjvTkz {_htk\ ta
kwXnjvTkz bkyn a\pkwXnjvTkz
D] tX bt D] tX \a D] tX \ax
 637

I tl b kzcq]\mb tZh, AbpsS apn sImv {ibn B{Klnph Zm\n canpp. K

\akvImcw. AbpsS ASpv \akvImcw. AbpsS
6. [ CXn [tW kanZw ]cnKrloXw
ASpv \akvImcw. AbpsS ASpv \akvImcw.
inhtmSp IqSn (awKfw) Fs ASpv \nesImm [mXnZpcw Xkva mt cat
epw, tkym\hpw (kpJZmbIw) kp`pXhpamb (kpcw) tam km[\ambnpffXv [amsWv ]dbpp.
cq]n {_hktmsS (thZw ]TnhcpsS [m CsXmw Xs kwcnsSpp.
tXPtmSpIqSn Av tim`npp. [stmse A\pjvTnphm {]bmktadnbXmbn
Fgp]ntbgmw A\phmIw Ignp. asmn. AXn\m t{ibv B{Klnph
[n canpp.
A\phmIw Fgp]nFv 7. {]P\ CXn `qbmwkkvXkva mXv `qbnjvTx
1. kXyw ]cw ]cw kXyw ktXy\ \ {]Pmbt
kphmtmIImyht IZmN\ Xkva mXv `qbnjvTmx {]P\t\ cat.
kXmw ln
{]P\w (kmt\mev]mZ\w) tam ImcWsapw
kXyw XkvamXv ktXy cat hfscb[nIw BfpI ]dbppv. AXn\m hfscb
k X y w F {X b p w t {ij v Ta m I p p . G h p w [nIw BfpI {]PIsf P\nnpp. As\ ]ecpw
t{ijvTambnpffXv kXyw XsbmIpp. kXyw \nan kmt\mev]mZ\n ktmjnpp.
w kztemIn \nv Hcmp Hcnepw
8. Ab CXyml XkvamZb B[mXhymx
Xmtgmp]XntXmbn hcpn. FpsImsm
kXyw k\pffXmWv. AXpsImv kXyn thZ\njvTmcm sshZnIm AnI tamIm
ktmjnpp. cWsav ]dbpp. BbXn\m tamtNvibm Ah
Aym[m\w sNpp.
2. X] CXn Xt]m \m\i\mXv]cw bn ]cw
X]kvXZv Zp[jw XXv Zpcm[jw XkvamXv 9. Antlm{XanXyml
X]knca\v tX. XkvamZntlm{X cat
Nne X]sv ]dbpp. A\i\n \np tamImcWamWvAntlm{Xsav Nne ]dbp
]camb (D]hmkn IqSnb) X]n. bmsXmmtWm p. AXpsImv Antlm{Xn ktmjnpp.
DXvIrjvSamb X]v AXv Zp[jamIpp. (ioenp
10. b CXn bt\ ln tZhm Znhw KXmx
hm {]bmkapffXv) AXv Zpcm[jhpamIpp.
(apffhv kao]nm {]bmkapffXv)AXn\m XkvamZv bPvtR cat.
t{ibv B{Klnph X]n ktmjapsm Nne ]dbpXv bamWv tamkm[\sa
ffpp. mWv. AXn\m Nne bn ktmjnpp,
3. Za CXn \nbXw {_NmcnWkvXkvamZv BWv tamImcWsav m\nI hnNmcnpp.
Zta cat AXn\m m\nI a\v sImpff D]mk\bn
am{Xw hnizknpp.
Zasav (C{nb \n{Klw) {_NmcnI Ftmgpw
]dbpp. AXn\m t{ibv B{Klnph C{nb 12. am\kanX hpZzmwkx XkvamZv hnZzmwk
\n{Kln canpp. Gh am\tk cat.
4. ia CXyctWy ap\kvXkvamta cat. lncWy K` ]dbpXv k\ymkamWv tamIm
iaamsWv (at\m\nb{Ww) BcWynepff cWsamWv lncWyK`\mb {_mhv At Alw
(h\w) ap\nI ]dbpp. AXpsImv at\m\nb{W t{ijv T\mWtm. bYmn CXphsc ]d
n Ah ktmjnpp. Fm [fpw A]cfmb (XmW\nebnepff)
5. Zm\anXn kmWn `qXm\n {]iwkn X]pIfmIpp. \ymkw XsbmWv (k\ymkw)
Fmn\pw anIXv. bmsXmcph Cs\ Adnbpp
Zm\mmXnZpjvIcw Xkvammt\ cat
D]\njmIpp (clkythZhnZy)
Zm\sav Fm `qXfpw (PohnI) {]iwknp
Fgp]nsbmw A\phmIw Ignp.
p. Zm\sm AXnZpjvI cambn Hpan. AXp

N P

I A\phmIw Fgp]n H]Xv
1. {]Pm]tXym lymcpWnx kp]tbx
{]P]Xnw ]nXca]kkmc Inw `Khx
]caw hZoXn. Xkvs sa t{]mhmN.
{]Pm]Xy\pw ({]Pm]XnbpsS ]p{X) kphtb
\pamb (kphbpsS ]p{X) BcpWn ]nXmhmb
{]Pm]Xnsb kao]np. `Khmmcmb aljnam Fn
s\ Ghpw DXvI rjvSsav ]dbpp Fv Aht\mSv
]dbpIbpmbn.
2. ktXy\ hmbpcmhmXn ktXy\mZntXym
tcmNtX Znhn kXyw hmNx {]XnjvTm
ktXy kw {]XnjvT nXw XkvamXv
kXyw ]caw hZn
kXym Imv hoipp. kXym BZnXy
BImin {]Iminpp. hmns {]Xnjv T
kXyamIpp. kXyn kIeXpw {]XnjvTnXambn
cnpp. AXn\m kXys kthmXvIrjvSsav
aljnam ]dbpp.
3. X]km tZhm tZhXm{K Bb
X]kmjbx kphc\zhn
X]km k]Xv\m {]WpZmam
cmXokvX]kn kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkva mXv X]x ]caw hZn.
BZyw tZhm X]psImv tZhXm`mhw {]m]n
p. Ejnam X]psImv kphtemIs {]m]np.
X]psImv AcmXnIfmb k]vXmsc (t{ibn\v
{]Xn_ambn \np i{Xpsf) \inns.
kIeXpw X]nemWv {]XnjvTnXambnpffXv. AXn\m
X]v AXyw t{ijvTambn aljnam ]dbpp.
4. Ztat\ Zmmx Inev_ njah[q\zn
Zta\ {_NmcnWx kphcK Ztam
`qXm\mw Zcm[jw Zta kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkv amax]cawhZn.
Zmm (C{nb \n{Klw km[nh) Za\w
sImv (C{nb\nb{Ww) Inev_ njs (]mhw)
\innpp. Zan {]XnjvTnXambncnpp. AXp
sImv Zaw At Aw t{ijvTamsWv Adnhpffh
]dbpp.
5. itat\ immx inhamNcn iat\
\mIw ap\tbm \zhn itam `qXm\mw
Zpcm[jw ita kw {]XnjvTnXw XkvamXv
iax ]caw hZn
N P
638
iam (at\m\nb{Ww) immcmb ]in
K
hs (awKfw) BNcnpp. ap\nI iaw sImv
\mIs (kzw) {]m]np. iaw `qXv (PohnI
{]m]nphm hnjapffXmWv kIeXpw ian
{]XnjvTambncnpp. AXn\m iaw kht{ijvTsav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.
6. Zm\w bm\mw hcqYw ZnWm, temtI
ZmXmcw k `qXm\yp]Pohn, Zmt\\
AcmXoc]m\pZ, Zmt\\ Zznjtm
an{Xm `hn, Zmt\ kw {]XnjvTnXw
Xkva mm\w ]caw hZn.
ZnWbmKfpsS hcqYamb ({][m\w) Zm\am
Ip temIn kIe `qXfpw ZmXmhns\ D]Pohn
pp. Zm\w sImv AcmXnIsf (i{Xp) CmXm
m Ignbpp. Zm\w sImv Zznjp (i{Xp)
an{Xfmbn `hnpp. kIeXpw Zm\n {]XnjvTn
XamWv. AXp \nanw Zm\w AXyw DXvI rjvSsav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.
7. [tm hnizky PKXx {]XnjvTm temtI
[njvTw {]Pm D]k]n [tW ]m]
a]\pZXn [t kw {]XnjvTnXw Xkvam
w ]caw hZn.
hnizamb PKnsbpw (Fm temIw) {]XnjvT
(B{ibw) [amIpp. temIn [njv Ts\
{]PI kao]npp. [m ]m]w \inpp.
[m Fmw {]XnjvTnXambncnpp. AXp
sImv [w t{ijvTamb t{ibx km[\sav Adn
hpffh ]dbpp.
8. {]P\\w ssh {]XnjvTw temI
km[p {]Pmbm
kv\pw X\zm\x]nXrWma\rtWm `hXn.
XtZh Xkym\rWw XkvamXv {]P\\w
]caw hZn
k Xypev ] mZ\w temI n \ne\nev ] n\v
ImcWamIpp. imkv{X{]Imcw {]PIsf \ne\nev]ns\
sNp ]nXmv ISanmh\mbn`hnpp.
AXpXsbmWv Ah\v ISanmXncnp Ah.
AXpsImv iXypev]mZ\w F{Xbpw t{ijvTNIsav
]dbpp.
9. Atbm ssh{Xbo hnZym tZhbm\x ]m
KmlXy EIv ]rYnho cYca\zmlmcy
]N\x bPqccnw hmatZhyamlh\obx
kma kphtm temIm _rlXv Xkva mo
]caw hZo.

I {Xbo hnZy (aqp thZfn \nv Inp m\w)
tZhbm\amb ]mhv(amw) Kml]Xymn, EtKzZw,
]rYnhocphw, cYcsa kma Km\w CsXmss
AntZhmXs. A\zmlmcy ]N\sa An
bPpthZhpw Acocq]hpw hmhtZhysap
]dbp kmaKm\hpw Blh\obmnbpw kma thZ
hpw, kzhpw _rlsp ]dbp kmaKm\hpw
Fmw An kzcq]tfm, AnIfm {]m]nsSm
IgnbptXm BWv. AXn\m AnIsf t{ijvTsav
tZhhnp IcpXpp.
10. Antlm{Xw kmbw {]mXKrlmWmw
\njvIrXnx kznjvSw kplpXw
b{IXq\mw
{]mbWw kphky temIky tPymXnx
XkvamZntlm{Xw ]caw hZn.
kmbw Imenepw {]mXx Imenepw sNp
Antlm{Xw Krlv (hoSpIfn sNp
]m]v) \njvIXnbmIpp. ({]mbnw) kznjvSw
(\t]msebPns bmKw) kplpXw. (th hn[w
\Snb tlmaw) bfpsSbpw {IXpfpsSbpw
{]mbWhpw ({]mcw`w) kztemIns tPymXnpw
BIpp. AXpsImv Antlm{Xw Ghpw t{ijvT
sav sshZnIm IcpXpp.
12. am\kw ssh {]mP]Xyw ]hn{Xw
am\tk\ a\km km[p ]iyXn a\km
Ejbx {]Pm AkrP am\tk kw
{]XnjTnXw Xkvamm\kw ]caw hZn
am\kw (a\psImpff D]mk\) {]mPm]Xy
amWv ({]Pm]Xnsb kw_nXv) AXv ]hn{XamIpp.
D]mk\bm GIm{Kamb a\n\m \Xv ImWm
Ignbpp. a\psImv ap\nam {]PIsf krjvSnp.
a\ns GIm{KXbnemWv kIeXpw {]XnjvTnXambnp
ffXv AXn\m am\ks Gddhpw t{ijvT sav
Adnhpffh ]dbpp.
13. \ymk CXymlp\ojntWm {_mWmw
{_m hnizx IXax kzbw{`qx
{]Pm]Xnx kwhc CXn.
a\ojnI (m\nI) \ymbw Fv {_mhns\
]dbpp. {_w hnizamIpp. IXa (B\kzcq]n)
kzbw `q (X\nsb Dmbh) {]Pm]Xn ({]PIfpsS
\mY) kwhc (Imekzcq]n) Cs\sbmw
{_mhns\n ]dbpp.
14. kwhtcm kmhnZntXym b Gj
BZntXy ]pcpjx k ]ctajvTo {_mm
N P
639
Imekzcq]amb kwhcw B BZnXy\mIpp. K
BZnXy\n bmsXmcp ]pcpj\ptm Ah ]ctajvTn
bpw (lncK`) {_mmhpw (]c{_kzcq]n)
BIpp.
15. bm`ncmZnXykvX]Xn civan`nkvXm`nx
]t\ym hjXn ]t\yt\mj[n
h\kv]Xbx {]Pmb Hmj[nh\kv]Xn
`ncw`hXyt\ {]mWmx {]mssW_ew
_te\ X]kvX]km {im {ibm
ta[m ta[bm a\ojm a\ojbm at\m
a\km imnx imym Nnw Nnt\
kvarXnx kvarXym kvamcw kvamtcW
hnm\w
hnmt\\mm\w thZbn Xkva mZw
ZZ kmtWyXm\n ZZmXymXv {]mWm
`hn {`qXm\mw {]mssWt\m a\k
hnm\w hnm\mZm\tm {_tbm\nx
GsXmcp civanIsfsmmtWm kqcy NqSpm
pXv B civa nIsfsmv h\y (taLw)
Bbnov ag s]npp. ]P\y \nanw
Hmj[nIfpw h\kv]XnIfpw AapmIpp. (`W
km[\) Aw sImv {]mWMAMfpw, {KmW
fm _ehpw, _em X]pw, X]psImv
{ibpw, {isImv ta[bpw (_pn) ta[sImv
a\ojbpw (C{nbkwbaw C{nb kwbaw sImv a\\p
inbpw, a\m\n{Klw sImv imnbpw, imnsImv
m\Xr]vXamb Nnhpw, NnwsImv Hmin
bpw, Hminbm \ncckvacWhpw, \ncckvac
Wm hntitjW Dff m\hpw e`npp.
hnPRm\w sImv BXv amhns\ Adnbm Ignbpp.
AXn\m Aw Zm\w sNph CsXmw \Ipp.
An \nv PohnIfpsS {]mWfpmIpp.
hnm\m B\w knnpp. AXmIs Fm
nsbpw Dhm\amb ]c{_mhv.
16. k hm Gj ]pcpjx ]mm
tb\ kanZw t{]mXw ]rYnho Nmcnw N
Zyu ZnimhmcZnim k ssh
kanZw
PK k `qXw k `hyw PnmkIv\ p]vX
EXPm
cbnjvTmx {im ktXym ]lkzmatkm
]cnjvSmXv mXzm Xtahw a\km
lrZmN `qtbm
\ arXypap]bmln hnZzm. XkvamZv\ym
ktajmw X]kmaXncnamlpx

I k\ymkw sImv ]cakXyw kmmXvcnnpff
B ]pcpj Ap hn[n Av kz`mhtfmSp
IqSnbh\mbnocpp. ]rYnhnbpw Acohpw BIm
ihpw Ah Xs. Cu P\sbpw Ah\mWv. Ah
`qXImeamWv. Ah `hyamWv. (hcm t]mIpXv)
A h PnR v P mkm e y nse nbh\mWv .
cbnjvT (Bm\amIp [\amh) hnizmk
hpw, kXyhpw ]lkzm\pw (kzmbw {]Imi) BWv
Ah Xans D]cn\npp. a\pw sImpw
lrZbwsImpw Ahs\ Cs\ a\nemn m\n
acWw {]m]npn. AXn\m \ymks (k\ymkw)
Cu X]pIfn shv AXncnsav (hninjvSw)
]dbpp.
17. hkpctWzm hn`pckn {]mtW Xzakn
kmXm {_ Xzakn hnizkrt
tPmZmkXzakytckn htmZmkvXzakn
kqcyky Zypavt\mZmkvXzakn N{amk
D]bma
KrlotXmkn {_tW Xzm altk.
Atbm {_, Av hkpcWz\mIpp. (B
m\amIp [\w \Iph) hn`phpamIpp,
{]mW\pambn Iqn LSnnpph\mIpp. Av hniz
krv BWv (hnizhym]n) Ap N{s Zypavt\mZmhv
({]ImiamIp [\w \Iph) D]bma KrloX\m
Wv (D]bmasa ]m{XnseSp tkmackw)
ssNX\y kzcq]amb {_ XXzm\n\mbn A
sb Rm `Pnpp.
18. HmanXymm\w bpoX GXssZz atlm]
\njZw tZhm\w Kplyw b Ghw thZw {_
tWm alnam\am]vt\mXn XkvamXv {_tWm
alnam\anXyp]\njXv.
"Hmw' FpcnpsImv Bmhns\ tbmPnn
Ww. tZhmpIqSn clkyambnpff hninjvSamb
D]\njv CXmIpp. GsXmcph Cs\ {_
ns alXzw Adnbpp, Ah {_ns alXzw
{]m]npp. Cs\ D]\njv
Fgp]smaXmw A\phmIw Ignp.
A\phmIw F]Xv
1. Xsskyhw hnZptjm bkymm bPam\x
{im ]Xv\o icocan[vaaptcm thZntemam\n
_lnthZx inJm lrZbw bq]x Ima BPyw
a\ypx ]ipkvXt]mnZax iabnXm
(Zm\w) Zn
N P
640
Wm hmIvtlmXm {]mW DZvKmXm K
Npc[zcyp
at\m {_m t{im{XaoXv bmhnbtX km
Zom bZiv\mXn XhnXv]n_Xn XZky
tkma]m\w b{ZatX XZp]ktZm bXv kc
Xyp]hniXypnjvTtX N k
{]htKymbpJw
XZmlh\otbm bm hymlrXncmlpXnZky
hnm\w XptlmXn bmbw
{]mXcn
Xan[w bXv{]mXm[yn\w kmbw N
Xm\n kh\m\n tb Atlmcmt{X tX
Zi]q
amku tb amkm amkm tX
NmXpm
kym\n tb EXhkvtX ]ip_m
tb kwh
cm ]cnhcm tXlKWmx kthZ
kmw hm GXXvk{Xw bcWw
XZh`rYw GX
ssZz Pcmaantlm{Xw k{Xw tb
Ghw hnZzm
\nZKbt\ {]aobtX tZhm\mtah alnam\w
KXzmZnXyky kmbpPyw KXyY tbm
ZntW
{]aobtX ]nXrWmtah alnam\w KXh N{
akxkmbpPyw KtXyXu ssh kqcymN{
atkmlnam\u {_mtWm
hnZzm\ `nPbXn
Xkva mZv {_tWm alnam\am]vt \mXn
Xkva mZv
{_tWm alnam\anXyp]\njXv.
Cu hn[n kXyns kmmXv mcw e`n
npff m\nbpsS PohnXw Xs bamWv. PvRm
\nbpsS Bmhv B bn bPam\\t{X.
bPam\]Xn Atlns {iXs. Atlns
{i Xs. Atlns icocw Xs hndImWv.
amdnSamWv thZn. tcma Z`ppIfmIpp. thZam
Wv inJ, lrZbw, bp]hpw, B{Klw, BPyamIpp.
tIm]w tlmanphm\pff arKamWv. X]v AnbmWv.
_en \Iph C{nb \n{Klw; hmv tlmXmhv,
DZvKmXmsh ]ptcmlnX\pw hmmWv Npv A[zcyw
F ]ptcmlnX\t{X. a\v {_amIp ]ptcmlnX;
t{im{Xw AoXv F ]ptcmlnX\mWv. Poh F{X
 641

I Imew Dtm A{Xbpw Imew ZobmWv. `npXv
lhnv; IpSnpXv tkma]m\w; ktmjnpXv
D]kZv F Iw. kcn, Ccn, Fhpt
Ch {]hKyw F IamIpp. apJw Blh\o
bmK\nbmWv. kwkmcnpXv BlpXn. hnm\w,
tlmaw, {]`mXnsebpw sshIptcsbpw `Ww
An hndInSpXmWv . {]`mXhpw a[ymhpw
kmbm Imehpw kh\fmWv. ]fpw, amk
fpw, NXpamky, EXp ]ip_bmKw,
kwhcfpw ]cnkwhcfpw AlKW bmK
; Fmw IqSn k\ymknbpsS PohnXw Hcp b
amWv acWw Ah`rY kv\m\amIpp. Cs\ PXac- K
W]cyapff PohnXw Antlm{XamIpp An-
tKm{Xsa bamIpp. CXdnbph DcmbW
Imev tZhmcpsS amlmyw {]m]nv BZnXym
Iamb kmbpPyw {]m]npp. kqcysbpw N{sbpw
alXzw {]XyIadnbp hn{] Ah cpw kmmXvI
cnpp. Fm ]cakXyw kmmXvIcn k\ymkn
{_ns amlmyw t\Spp. AXn\m ]c{_
s a\nempXv {ianWw.
alm- \m-cm-b- tWm]\njv kam]np.

1 alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv
3

imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw AXn-s\-p-Sv {_mhv A]-tcm-m-\p-`h - ]- -c-amb D]-
]tiy-]-am--`n-cy- Pt{Xx nssc-cw-ssK-kvXp--h mw- \n-jv hymJym-\n-m-sav ]d-p. Cu D]-\n-jv
k-kvX-\q-`n-hy.-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn \x {]mIr-X-mv D]-tZ-inp sImSp--cpXv ImcWw CXv
Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hniz-thZmx F{Xbpw tKm]-\o-b-amWv Fnepw kmXzn-Ih - r-n- tbm-Sp-
kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx kzkvXn t\m Iq-Sn-bh
- \pw Aap-J\pw Kpcp ip{iq-j m-]c - -\p-amb
_rl-kv]X - n Z[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx injy\v D]-tZ-in-mw. AXn-\m kmwkm-cn-I-amb _-
\-n\pw tam- n\pw Imc-W-`q- X- amb Ahn-Zym-t\- {X-
tZh- m- s c, R ImXp-I sImv awKfw
D]-kw-l-cnv Am-\m--Im-c-a-In kIm-a-I--fn
tItW. Ip-I sImv awKfw ImWtW. Atcm-K-
hym]r-X-amb temIs XXz-m-\-n-tev \bn-t--
Zr-V-Km-{X-cmbn R \nsf kvXpXn--sIm-n-cn--tW.
Xm-h-iy-am- W.v
Rv \n- bn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h R A\p-
`-hn--tW. alm-Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv awKfw 2. ss\tjm f Imtcm f bamm hnZym lnIm-
\I-tW. kh--\mb ]qjmhv Rv awK- f-a-cp-f- m--cm-ZntXym tPym-Xna-ew {Kmlyw \m]cw
s. A{]-Xn-l-X-th-K-hm-\mb Kcp-U Rv awKfw Akm-h m-ZntXym {_t-Xy-P-]-tbm-]-lnXw lwkx
\ItW. _rl-kv]Xn Rv \-bc - p-ftW. Hmw tkm f lw {]mWm-] m-\m`ymw {]Xn-tem-am-\ p-tem-
imnx imnx imnx am`ymw kap-]-e-ss`yhw km Nncw e_v[zm-Xr-hr-Zm-
1. lcn Hmw AY tlmhmN `K-hm {_ ]tcm- \n {_-Wy-`n-[ym-b-amt\ kn-Zm-\x ]c-am-m-
m-\p-`-h-]-tcm-]-\n-jZw hymJym-kymax Kply-XvKp- hn`hn
ly-X-c-tajm \ {]mIr-Xmb D]-tZ-hym kmXzn-Im- Bmhv A-Im-c-a-b-a-sp kzbw {]Im-i-n
bm- apJmb lcn-i p- {iq-j th AY kwkrXn \np `n-a-m--Xp-sImv kzbw {]Im-i-cq-]-am-sW-p-
_-tam- - tbmhn- Zym-h ntZy Npjn D]-k w- ap m\w e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-n- S-t mfw a\p-j y
l r X y hn m- b m- h nZy te mIm- - k vX tam m\w t\S-Ww. hnZy tPymXnkz-cq-]-am-Wv. Gsd {]b-
ZrJvXtam ln imco-c-{]-]-am {_ mh-cm-- Xv\-an- m- sXbpw ti-km-[-\- IqSm- sXbpw {_- {]m]vXn
a-m-Jn-em--`qXw \nJne \nKtam ZnX-k-Im-a-I kpe-`-am-Wv. AXns t]cmWv lwkw. Xm\pw {_-ns
hyh-lmtcm temIx Hcw-i-sap IcpXn {]mWm-]m\ izmk- aptJ\ CXn-
N P
 642

I \p m\-amnv Nnc-km-[\ sNbvXv Cu hnZy km[yw am{X-am-bn-cp-Xv AhnsS Fn-btm {]Im-i-

K
aptJ\ kan hyn XssZIyw Fo aqp cq]-n-ep cq-]-am-bn.
{_-n [ym\n-m kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-\mb ]c-am-m-
4. tkm f lax ]cw tPymXn
hns\ kmm-XvI-cn-mw.
c-tPym-Xn-clw inhx
3. kl-{k-` m-\p-a- p-cnXm ]qcnXm ]qcn-X-Xzm-Z-en-
B-tPym-Xn-clw ip{Ix
]ym-]m-c-hm-c-qc Ch ss\jm kam[nx ss\jm-tbm-
K-knnx ss\jm at\m-ebx {_ssIyw XXv BZn- kh-tPym-Xnc kmh-tZmlx
Xyhw Xa-k kvX p ]tc khmWn cq]mWn Rm NnZm-Zn-Xy\pw ]cw tPymXn-p-am-Wv, AtX inh-
hnNnXy [ocm \mam\n IrXzm f `nh-Z\y ZmkvtX X-Xz-am-W,v AtX B-tPym-Xn-mWv kI-eXpw {]Im-in-n-
[mXm ]pc-kvXm-Zy-ap-Zm-P-lm-c. i{Ix {]hn-Zzm {]Xn- p B {_-ns kzcq-]hpw AXn \n `n-hp-
i--X{kx Xtahw hnZzm-\-apX Cl `hXn \m\yx am-Wv.
]m Ab-\mb hnZy-tX. bt\ b-a-P-b
5. b GXZ Yh-intcm f [otX {]mX-c[ - n-bm-t\m-
tZhmx Xm\n [mWn {]Y-am\ym k tX l
cm-{Xn-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn kmb-a-[o-bmt\m Znh-
\mIw aln-am\w kNt b{X ]qth km[ym
k-IrXw ]m]w \mi-bXn XXv kmbw {]mXx {]bp-
kn tZhmx
RvPm\x ]mt]m f A]mt]m `hXn a[yw-Zn-\-am-Zn-
XXz- m- \hrn Bbncw kqcy- m- cpsS {]Im-i-tm- Xym-`n-aptJm f [obm\x ] alm-]m-X-tIm-]-]m-X-
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw {]im-hpw {_-c-k-]q-cn-Xhpw BWv. Cu ImXv {]ap-NytX kh- th-Z-]m-c m-b-W -] pWyw e`-
hrn kam-[ntbm tbmK-kn-ntbm at\m-eb - tam A. tX. {ioa-l m-hnjvWp kmbq-P y-a-hm-] vt\m-Xo-Xyp-]-
{]Xy--{_- - ns GIm kzcq-]-am-W.v BZn-Xy-kz-cq- \n-j-X v.
]-am-Wv. kh-N-cm-N-c-fpw anYy-sbp IcpXn Xs
Cu AYh-in-cv {]`m-X- n A[y-b\w sNp--
Xm{X kzcq]w {Kln-p--h am{Xw {_-kzq]w {]m]n-
h cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \in- n- p-p. sshIp-tcw A[y-
p-p. {_mhpw CXv ]d-n-p-v. Znp-Ifpw D]-Zn-p-
b\w sNp- -h ]I-e s ]m]w \in- n- p- p.
Ifpw {_- m-\n-I-fn apJy-\mb C{\pw CXv ]d-n-
Imepw sshInpw A[y-b\w sNp-- h ]m]n-bm-sW-
p-v. Cu {_s Cs\ a\-n-em-p hnZzm ]c-
nepw ]m]-lo-\-\m-Ip-p. DN-Nv kqcym-`n-ap-J-ambn A[y-
am--kz-cq-]-\m-bn-o-cp-p. tam- e_
- v[nv thsd am-
b\w sNp- -h ]-a-lm- ]m-XI tIm]- n \n ap-
an-. C{mZn tZh-mcpw m\-bw sImv bPn-p-
\m-Ip-p. kh-th-Z-]m-cm-bWw ]pWyw t\Sp-p. {ioa-lm-
Ibpw As\ Poh-p--cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Poh-
hnjvWp kmbqPyw {]m]n-pp.
p cq]-n- ep I- -fmWv BZy-ap-m-bXv BZyw
alm-hm-tIym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 atlm-]-\n-jv 3

imn]mTw \ncmIcWw ta AkvXpI

Hmw B]ybp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mWpx I
t{im{XatYm _mean{nbmWn N khmWn.I
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw
{_ \ncmIpcymw.I
am am {_ \ncmItcmZ\ncmIcW akvXz
XZm\n \nctX b D]\n I
jq [mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp I
Hmw imnx imnx imnx I
]c{_sa, Fs khmwKfpw hmv, {]mW,
t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fnhbp, inbp C{nbfpw

N P

I ]cn]pjvSams. CXv D]\njXvZpamb {_amWv.
Rm CXns\ \ncmIcnpn. {_w Fs \ncmIcn
mXncntW. F\npw {_n\pw Xn At`Zy
amb _w DmItW. {_\ncX\mb Fn D]\n
jZpfmb [ \ne\ntW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
1. AYmtXm atlm]\njZw hymJymkyma kvXZm-
l p tc t I m l s s h \ mc mbW B k n
{_mt\imt\m \mt]m \mKv\otjmau t\ ta
Zymhm ]rYnho \ \{XmWn \ kqtcym \
N{am k GImIo\ catX. Xkym[ym\m
ky bkvtXmaapNytX.
C\n atlm]\njns\n {]Xn]mZnmw. BZn
bn tIhew \mcmbW am{Xta Dmbncppffp.
{_mthm cp{Zt\m Petam Antbm hmbpthm BIm
itam ]rYzntbm \{Xtfm kqcyt\m Hpw Dm
bncpn. GImInbmbncnm Atlw CjvSsn.
AXpsImv Atlw kev] [ym\w sNbvX p. B
[ym\n\v b kvtXmasav ]dbpp.
2. Xkvan]pcpjmXpi PmbtX
GImI\ym I
Zti{nbmWn a\x GImZiw tXPx ZzmZtimf
lwImcx I
{Xtbm ZiIx{]mWmx NXpi Bm
] Zio I
_pnx `qXm\n]Xm{XmWo. ]alm
`qXm\n I
k GIx ] hnwiXnx ]pcpjx XXv]pcpjw
]qcptjm I
\nthiy \mky {][m\ kwhcm
Pmbt I
kwhmcm Z[n Pmbt I
B [ym\^eambn ]Xnmep ]pcpjmcpw Hcp
I\yIbpw P\np. ]v C{nbfpw tXPkznbmb
a\pw Almchpw {]mW\pw BmhpamWv. B
]Xnmep ]pcpjm. Cu ]Xnmep ]pcp]mp
]pdsa _pnbmIp I\yIbpmbn Chbv pw
`nambn kqva`qXtfmSpIqSnb Ap Xm{XIfpw
]alm`pXfpw Dmbn. Cu ]pcpj {]thinp.
Fm Ccp]nbp XXztfmSp IqSnb hncmSv ]pcp-
j\n \npw kwhc DmIpn kwhc-
ImeamIp kwhcn \npamWpm
IpXv.
3. AY ]p\tchw \mcmbW. tkm f\yXv ImtamI
a\km [ymbXv krXky [ym\mx
N P
643
ky eemSmXvI K
{Xbx iqe]mWnx ]pcptjm PmbtX _n{_I
{nbw bix kXyw {_Ncyw Xt]m
sshcmKyw I
a\ sFizcyw k{]Whm hymlrXb
EKyPpx kmamI
YhmwKnckx khmWn Omwkn Xm\ywtK I
kam{ioXm\n XkvamZoimt\m
almtZthmalmtZhxI
A\cw \mcmbW asmcp kev]tmSp IqSn
[ym\n apgpIn. Atm Atlns s\nbn
\npw {Xnt\{X\pw {Xniqe]mWnbpamb hninjvS]pcp-
j\pmbn. biv, kXyw X]v, {_mNcyw, ssh-
cmKyw, \nb{nX a\v, sFizcyw {]Whw tN
hymlrXnI, \mep thZ, kqOpI
Fnh B kn]pcpjs\ B{ibnncnpp. AXn-
sImv Atln\v Cuim\s\pw almtZhs\pw
t]cpI Dmbn.
4. AY ]p\tch \mcmbWx tkmf\yXv ImtamI
a\km A[ymbX. Xkym [ym\m kyI
eemSmXv tkymtZmf]XXv. Xmx Camx {]XXmI
A]vk xXXkvtXtPm lncbmWvUw X{XI
{_m NXpptJm PmbX I
\mcmbW hnpw asmcp kev ] tmsS
[ym\np. AtXmsS Atlns s\nbn \nv
hnbv s]mSnp. B hnbmWv Pecq]n k
h{X hym]nncnpXv. B Pen AWphns
BImcn Hcp lncb tKmfw ImWsp. B
tXtPmtKmfn \npw NXpapJ\mb {_mhp
mbn.
5. tkmf[ymbXv ]qhm`naptJm `qXzm `qcnXn
hymlrXnKmb{XwO EtKztZm AntZhXm.
]nam`naptJm `qXzm `phcnXn hymlrXnkv
ss{XjvTp`w Otm bpthtZm hmbp tZhXm
Dcm`naptJm `qXzm kzcnXn hym lrXnPmKXw
Ox kma thZx kqtcym tZhXm ZnWm`naptJm
`qXzm alcnXn hymlrXncm\pjv S p`w Ntm-
AYhthZx tkmtam tZmhXm.
Ingtmp t\mn \nv {_mhv `x Fp
cnpsImv Kmb{Xo, Ov, EtKzZw, An Fnh
sbbpw ]Snmtdmp t\mn \nv `phx Fpcnv,
PKXn Ov kmathZw, kqcy Fnhsbbpw sXtmv
t\mn \nv ""al v '' F pcnv A \pj v S p]v

I AYhthZw tkma Fnhsbbpw [ym\np.
6. kl{kiojw tZhw kl{kmw
hniziw`qhw I
hnizXx ]caw \nXyw hnizw \mcmbWw lcnwI
7. hniztaZthZw ]pcpjkvXZznizap]PohnXn I
]Xnw hntizizcw tZhw kapt{Z
hnizcq]nWw.I
]noSv {_mhv kl{kioj\pw kl{km\pw
khawKfkzcq]\pw khhym]nbpw ]cmXXv]c\pw
\nXy kzcq]\pamb \mcmbWs\ [ym\np. Atlw
B PKoizcs\ ZinXv ockmKcimbnbmbnmWv.
I am{Xbn Xs Atlw XsbmWv hnizcq]
s\mpw kIe {]]nsbpw Poh Ctls
sbmWv B {ibnncn psXpw {_mhn\v
t_m[ysp.
8. ]tImi {]XoImiw ew_Xym
tImikn`w I
lrZbw Nm]yt[m apJw kwXpkvssXkoXv
Imcm`n I
9. Xkyat[y alm\n hnizmn
hniztXmapJw I
XkyatyhninJm AWotbm[zm
hyhnXm I
10. Xkym inJbm at[y]camm hyhnXx I
k {_m k Cuim\x tk{ tkmcx
]cax kzcmUnXn atlm]\njXv I
]tImiw t]mse ZoLhpw At[mapJhpamb
lrZbn \nv koXvImci_vZw ]pdspsImncn 6. tNXtkmfku {]ImiXtZzZy `mhmn
pp. B lrZbns a[yn almb Hcp
Pzmebpv. B An PmebpsS. B PzmebmWv Zo]in
tJmse ]p Znnepw {]Imiw hnXdn hnizs
{]Imiam\ampXv . B An PzmebpsS at[y
apIfn sNdnb Hcp An inJbpv. AXns
a[ynemWv ]cammhp XsbmWv {_mhpw Cu-
izc\pw C{\pw Ahn\minbpw Fv atlm]\njv
]dbpp.
cma[ymbw
1. iptIm \maalmtXPmxkzcq]m\XXv] cx I
PmXamt{XW ap\ncmUv bXv kXyw XZ
hm]vX hmI
2. tX\mku kzhnthtI\ kzbtah alma\mx I
{]hnNmcyNncw km[p kzm\nb
am]vX hm I
N P
644
B ]cam\w \nccw BkzZnph\pw alm K
tXPkznbpamb ap\nbmbncpp ipItZh. P\ntm
Xs Atlw kXyXXzm\ Bnp.
]cm{ibw IqSmsX Xs Nnnp. hnthI_pnbm
Bkzcq]w FmsWpffXns\n kp\nnX
t_m[apsmp
3. A\mJyXzmZKayXzm\xjjvtT{nb
ntXx I
Nnm{Xtah ammWpcmImimZ]n
kqva Ix I
4. NnZtWmx ]cakymx tImSn
{_mWvUtcWhx I
DXv] nnXn at`yXy eobt in
]cybmXv I
5. BImiw _mlyiq\yXzmZ\mImiw
Xp NnXzXx I
\ InnZyZ\ntZiyw hkvXp ktXn
In\ I
A\nhN\obamb Bmhv AKayamIpp.
a\mIp Bdmas C{bn CcnpXn\m
AXv AWphnmImcamWv. AXv Nnm{Xhpw BImi
XX zs m A Xnk q v hp amI pp . C u ]a
Nn{Zp]mWphn tImSm\ptImSn {_mWvUtcWp
krjvSnnXnebw tNcpp.
Bmhv Nn{Zq]ambXn\m BImin \npw
`namWv. Fm _mlyiq\yXbm CXns cq]w
hnm {]bmkamWv. CXv hkvXpcq]a. Fm
k BbXn\m hkvXp cq]hpamIpp.
tem]ax I
kzm\n thyma\n kztPKZptj
Nn{XIrXv I
7. XXv `mam{XanZw hnizanXn \kymXx ]rYIvI
PKXv t`tZmf]n XZv`m\anXn t`tZmf]n XbxI
8. khKx khkw_tm KXy`mh\m KXn I
\mkv X ykmhm{ibm`mhmXvk {Zq]Xzm
XYmkvXnN I
9. hnm\am\w {_cmtX ZmXpx
]cmbWw I
kh kev] k\ymk tXkmbXv
]cn{Klx I
10. Pm{KXx {]Xybm`mhw bkymlpx {]Xybw
_p[mx I
bXv ktmN hnImkm`ymw PKXv
{]fb krjvSbx I

I 11. \njvTm thZmhmIym\m aY hmNma
tKmNcx I
Alw knXv ]cm\ {_sshmkvXn
\ tNXcx I
CXv {]ImimIamIbm ssNX\y kzcq]amWv.
Fm thZ\mIamIbm inemcq]hpamWv. Dffn
CXv hn`n {]Imcn hntizmtjw hfpp.
hnizw AXn \npw `na. Bmhn ImWp
hnizt`Zhpw Bmhn \npw `na. kh _I
ambXn\m AXv FhnsSbpw Kanpp. Fm AXn
KXn kzm`mhanmXn\m kcnpn. \ncm{in
XamIbm \mkvXn cq]amWv; XXzcq]amIbm AkvXn
cq]tabpffq. [\Zmmhns almb KXn CXpXs
GsXmcp {_w B\ hnm\ cq]amWv, GXns\
kzoIcnpIbmtWm am\knI kev]fneqsS XymKw
am{XambncnpXv, _pnamm GsXmns t_m[
sbmtWm am\knI kev ] fneqsS XymKw
am{XambncnpXv, _pnamm GsXmns t_m[
sbmtWm Pm{KZhbpsS t_m[sbmtWm
Pm{KZhbpsS t_m[sap ]dbpXv. GsXmns
ktmNw sImmtWm {]fbhpw hnImkw sImv
krjv Snbpw kw`hnpXv . GsXmmtWm thZm-
hmIyfpsS \njvTmcq]hpw hmNmXoXhpambncnp-
Xv. B knZm\ kzcq]amb {_n \npw
Rm `n\.
12. kzssbh kqva bm _p[ymkhw
hnmXhmipIx I
kzbw {]m]vtX ]tchkvXp\y hn{im a\mx
nXxI
13. CZw hkvXznXn hnizmkw \mkmhm
\yp]mb I
bu tIhew hnccmamky tNtXm hnjb
Nm]ew I
t`mtKt`ym `qcn `wtKt`ym [mcm`y Ch
NmXIx I
14. GIZmftkm ae {]tm tacm thIm
kwnXx I
]{] ]nXcw `ym IrjvWssZz]mbm\w
ap\nw I
15. kwkmcUw_canZw IYa`ypnXw apt\ I
IYw N {]{iaw bmXn Inw bXv Iky
IZmN\ I
{ioipI Xs kqv a _pnbm CsXmw
a\nemn kzbw e`n ]cam XXzn Atlw
eo\Nn\mbn. lrZbn CXpXsbmWv hkvXp
F ]cam t_m[hpw CXn \npw `nambn
N P
645
asmns hnizmkhpw Dmbn. [mcmfw ag InnbXnK
\m ktmjn NmXIns at\mhymIpeX AIe
mIpXpt]mse ipItZmhs a\v hn`nt`mK
sImp `qhmb Nm]eyn \npw apambn. Aae
{]\mb ipI almt]cp]hXn GImamb
`mKp Xt]m\njvTbnencnp ]nXmhmb IrjvW
ssZz]mb\ ap\ntbmSv tNmZnp:""almapt\, Cu
kkmcmUw_cns D`hw Fs\bmWv? CXv
FmWv hnebw {]m]nmXv? CsXmWv? BcpsS
XmWv? CXv Ftm Dmbn. CsXmw F\nv ]dp
XctW''
16. Ghw ]rjvtS\ ap\n\mhymtk\mJn
eamtP I
bYmhZJnew t{]mw hhyw
hnZnXm\m I
17. Amknjw ]qhtahalanXyY XXv
]nXpx I
k ipI kzXbm _p[ym\ hmIyw _lp
a\ytX I
18. hymtkmf]n `Khm _pzm]p{Xm`n{]mbaoI
Zriyw {]XyphmN ]p\x]p{Xw\mlw Pm\man
X XzXxI
19. P\tIm \ma `q]mtem hnZytX anYnem
]ptcbYm I
hXv thku thZyw XkvamXv kh
ahym]vkyknI
20. hn{Im XyIv X x ipIx {]mbmXv k ptatcm
hkp[mXew I
hntZl\Kcnw {]m] P\tI\m`n]menXmw I
ipIs Pnmk I v B m\nbmb
hymk Fm Imcyfpw ]p{X\v ]dpsImSpp.
Fm ipI\mIs CsXmw X\nv t\cs
AdnbmhpXmsWv Nnnp. ]nXmhp ]dXn
A{Xsbmpw {inn. ]p{Xs `mhw a\nemnb
hymk Cs\ ]dp:- ""Cu Imcyw Xz]cambn
Rm Adnbpn. \n\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]
cyapsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]
cyapsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn Xmev]cy
apsn anYnem[n]Xnbmb P\IalmcmPmhns\
kao]npI. Atln\v Cu Imcyn ]cn]q
m\apv. \o B{Klnp Adnhv Atln
\nv Inpw.'' ]nXmhv ]dXptIv ipI almtacphn
\npw Xmsg Cdn P\IalmcmPmhns anYnem
\Kcnbnsen.

I 21. BthZntXmfku bmjvSossIP\Imb
almt\I
Zzmcn hymkkptXm cmP iptImf{X
nXhm\nXnI
22. Pnmkmw ipIkymkmhmkvXm
tathXy hI
mbm Dzm _`qh P\IkvXpjvWow
k]v XZn\m\yY I
23. XXx {]thibmamk P\Ix ipIatW I
X{Xmlm\n k kv]ssXh XssYhmhk
Zpm\mx I
24. XXx {]thibmamk P\tImx]qcmPntc I
cmPm \ ZriytX XmhZnXn kv] vX Zn\m\nXw
25. Xt{Xm Pzem`nx Im`nt`mPss\x t`mK
kssbx I
P\tImemfbmamkipIw iin \n`m\\w I
26. tX t`mKm kvXm\n t`mPym\nhymk ]p{Xky
Xmn\x I
\mPlmca]ht\m_]oTanhmNew. I
27. tIhew kpkvax kztm au\o apZnX am\kxI
kq Ch ioXmwipcXnjvTZaex ipIx I
Zzmc]mem ipI hXmbdnv P\Ialmcm-
Pmhnt\mSv ]dp. ""cmP hymkap\nbpsS ]p{X\mb
ipItZh sImmchmXp \npp.'' CXp tIv
P\I AhtbmsS ]dp. "" Atlw AhnsS
\ns''Ggp Znhkw Atlsn Hpw At\z-
jnn. Fmw Znhkw sImmcaptp Wnp.
hopw Ggp Znhkw AtltmSv kwkmcnn. ]ns
A]pcnse aptv Wnp. Fm ]ns
bpw Ggp Znhkw P\I ipIs apn hn.
As\ Ccp]ncmw Znhkw P\I bphXnIfpw
kpcnIfpamb kv{XoItfmSpw hnhn[ t`mP\{Zhy
tfmSpIqSn ipIs\ bYmhn[n kcnp. ipI\v
Bt`mKhkvXpsfmpw BIjIfmbn tXmnbn.
Cfmn\v Dd ]hXs Cfm t]mXmbn. ]nXmhpw ]cam\nbpamb hymk apt Xs
Atlw hnImcclnX\pw {]k Nn\pambn kwKtZm
jclnX\mbn ]qN{s\tmse ip{` tXPtmsS
AhnsS ImWsp.
28. ]cnmXkz`mhwXw ipIw k
P\tIm \r]x I
B\ob apZnXmt\ ahtemIy \\ma l I
29. \ntjnX PKXv Imcyx {]m]vX mJne
at\mcYx I
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Bl Xw I
N P
646
30. kwkmcmUw_canZw IYa`ypnXw Kptcm I K
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ip\Is\ P\I Cs\ ]conpIbpw Xs
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hnjb Ahkm\nnncnpp.
Ctm Av khat\mcYfpw knnh\mbn
FmWm{Klsav ]dmepw."" ipI Adnbnp.
""Kpcphc, Cu kmwkvImcnI {]]w Fs\ Dm
Ipp? CsXs\ hnebw {]m]npp.? AXns\pdn
pff Imcy bYmh ]dbm ZbhpmIWw''.
31. bYmhZJnew t{]mw P\tI\ alm\mI
XtZhXXv ]pcmt{]mw Xky ]n{Xm
alm[nbm I
32. kzbtah abm ]qha`nPvR mXw hntijXxI
GXtZh ln ]rjvtS\ ]n{Xm ta
kapZmlrXw I
33. `hXmt]jy Ghmx IYntXm
hmKznZmw hc I
Gj Gh ln hmIym imkvt{Xjp
]cnZriytX I
34. at\m hnIev] kwPmXw XZznIev]
]conbmXv I
obtX ZKv[ kwkmtcm\nmc
CXn\nnXx I
35. XXv Inta Xlm`mKkXyw {_qln
aam New I
Xztm hn{iaam]vt\mantNXkm {`aXm
PKXv I
AXv tIXn\ptijw almmhmb P\I ipI
t\mSp ]d Imcysfmw Xs Atlns
]dp Ignncpp. AXn\m ipI ]dp:-""
CsXmw Rm kzbw a\nemnbhbmWv. A
F\nv ]dpXnpapv. Ap ]dXpw AtX
Imcy Xs. imkv{Xfpw CXp Xs DZvtLmjn
pp. am\knI kev] m {]]tmXv]nbpw
B hnI ev ] ns \ mi n {] ] \ mih pw
kw`hnpp. {]]w kmclo\amWv. Atm Cu
hkv Xp FmWv? AsX\nv tht]mse ]dp
XcWw. Fs a\v {]m]nI hnjbfn {`anv
sRcppp. AbpsS D]tZimse AXn\v imn
e`nq''

I 36. irWpXmhZnZm\ow Xzw IYyam\anZw abm I
{ioipIw m\hnkvXmc _pn
kmcmcmcw I
37. bZznm\mXv ]pam ktZymPohp
Xzam]v\pbmXv I
38. Zriyw \mkvXoXnw t_mt[\a\tkm
ZriyamP\wI
kw]w tNXv XZpev] m]cm\nhmW
\nhrXn I
39. AtitjW ]cnXymtKymhmkm\mbmw
b Dax I
tam CXypNytX kZv`nx k Gh
hnae {Iax I
40. tb iphmk\m `ptbm \ Pm
`mKn\x I
mXtbmkvX DNytPohpm
alm[nbx I
41. ]Zm`mh\mZmVyw _ CXy`n
[obtX
hmk\mXm\hw {_tam
CXy`n [obtX. I
{ioipIs A`y\ tIv P\I ]dp:-
C\n Rm Abv v m\sn hnkvX cnv
]dp Xcmw. Cu m\w Fm m\amWv. Cu
m\fpsSbpw kmchpw kh clkyhpamWv. Cu
m\w e`nph AXnthKw apn {]m]npp.
m\e_v[ntbmsS Zriy{]]w {_aamsWdnbpp.
a\v ipamIpp. \nhmWabamb imn Xpew
e`npp. GsXmcp XymKw sImmtWm hmk\I
]qambpw Ahkm\npXv AXmWv ]cahpw
t{ijv Thpamb XymKw. Cu Ahbv v hnZzmm
tamw Fp ]dbpp. ipamb Ima\ItfmSpw
Aiq\yamb PohnXtmSp IqSn BcmtWm
Adntb XXz \t]mse AdnnpffXv Ah
XsbmWv Pohp. ]Zm `mh\m ZmVyamWv
_\w hmk\m\i\w Xs tamw.
42. X] {]`pXn\mbkvssatlXpss\h
hn\m ]p\x
t`mKm Cl\ tcmNt k Pohp DNytX
44. ljmaj`bt{Im[ImaImWy ZrjvSn`nx
\ ]cmariytX tbmfx k
Pohp DNytX
45. Almcabow Xyzmhmk\mw
eoessbhbm bx
XnjvTXn t[yb kwXymKo k
Pohp DNytX
N P
647
46. Cu]vkoXm\o]vk otX \ kvtXmbkym K
hrnZrjv Sp
kpjp]vXnhZycXn k Pohp DNytX
47. A[ymcXncmko\x ]qx ]mh\ am\kx
{]m]vXm\pa hn{imn\
InnnlhmRvOXn
tbm PohXn KXkvt\lxk
Pohp DNytX
kzm`nhnIambns X]p apXemb km[\I
IqSmsX {]m]nIt`mKkpJfn hnc\mbh\mWv
Pohp. XmmenI kpJtam ZpxJtam GXm
bmepw AXn Bk\mImsX kpJn kwXr
]v X t\m ZpxJn hymIpet\m BImh\mWv
Pohp. As\bpffh Imat{Im[ lj
timImZn hnImcfn \nv apcmbn Almcw
AIemIpp. Nnw kZm AapJ ZrjvSntbmSp
IqSn Ima\mclnX\mbn Hcp hkvXphnepw Xmev]cytam
shdptmqSmsX kpjp]vXnp kaamb Ahbnen
cnph\mWv Pohp ipa\tmSpw Beo\
NntmSpw {]im\mbn Ignbph\pw B{Kltam
Bkntbm Cmh\pw Ftmgpw DZmko\\pam-
bh\mWv Pohp.
48. kwthtZy\ lrZmImti a\mK]n \ en]ytX
bkymkmh PUm kwhnXmk Pohap
DNytX
49. cmK tZzju kpJw [m[u ^em ^te
bx ItcmXy\ t]ssyhk Pohp
DNytX
50. au\hm \nclw`mthm \nmt\m ap
ac
bx ItcmXn KtXmtZzKx k Pohp DNytX
51. kh{X hnKXkvt\tlm bx
kmnhZhnXx
\ncntm htX Imcy k Pohp
DNytX
52. tb\ [a[w N at\m a\\ aolnXw I
khax ]cnXyw k Pohp DNytXI
53. bmhXoZriyIe\mkItebw hntemIytX I
kmtb\ kpjvT pkwXym k Pohpm
DNytXI
54. ISzehWw XnaarjvSw arjvT tahNm I
katah N tbm `pMvtk
Pohp, DNytX I

I 55. PcmacWam]ncmPyw Zmcn{Ztah N
cayantXyh tbm `pMvtwk
Pohp, DNytX
56. [m[u kpJw ZpxJwXYm acW P\oI
[nbmtb\ \y kwXywk Pohp
DNytX I
57. DtZzKm\ clnXxkabm kzbm [nbm I
\ timNXn \ tNmtZXn k Pohp
DNytX I
58. kthmx kIemx imx XYm kh
\nbmx
[nbm tb\ ]cnXymx k Pohp DNytX
59. PnXnhn\mtijptkmZbm
kvXatbjv T N
katah at\m bky k Pohp DNytX
60. \ In\ tZzjvSn XYm \ Inn
Z]nImw Xn
`pMvtb {]IrXm t`mKmk Pohp
DNytX
61. imkwkmc Ie\xIemhm\]n
\njvIfx bx
k Nntmf]n \nnk Pohp
DNytX
62. bx kakvXm Pmtejphyhlmc]n
\nkv ]rlx
]cmtjzn h ]qmm k Pohp
DNytX.
Hcp Imcynepw lyZbn BknbnmsX
tNX\okwhnXv kzcq]\mb \na {]IrXnbmWv
Pohp. Hcp Imcynepw ^emt]IqSmsXbpw
cmKtZzj clnX\mbpw \ntc\mbpw [m[
fn \nen]vX \mbh\pamWv Pohp. am\a
cmZnI shSnv AlwImcw XyPnv hnImchnap
\mbn DtZzKclnX\mbn I \ncX\mbnpffh\mWv
Pohp. tamclnX\pw kmnsbtmWw
PohnXw \bnph\pw ^emt]IqSmsX Iw
sNph\mWv Pohp. [m. [sfbpw
{]m]nI hnjbsfbpw ]nbpff Nn shSn
h\mWv Pohp. Cu hnimeamb {]]s
]cn]qambpw XyPnh\t{X Pohp. ]qfnv,
Ibv],v a[pcw, Dv Fo ckbpfmb ]Zmsf
AhbpsS kzmZns\n NnnmsX kzmZmkzmZNn
IqSmsX kIe ]Zmfpw Hpt]mse IcpXn
Blmcw Ignph\mWv Pohp. hmIyw, sImffpp. AhnsS tXPtm Xatm C. A`nhy
acWw B]v, sFizcw, Zmcn{Zw Fo hn`n ZiIfn
N P
648
Fm ]cnnXnIfnepw kpjv TNn\mbnpffh
K
\mWv Pohp. [m[fnepw kpJ ZpxJ
fnepw P\\acWfnepw ktmjtam hnjmZtam
{]ISnnm h\mWv Poh p. DtZzKm\
clnX\mbn timIljmZnIfn ka_pnbmbn kzNn
tmSp IqSnbncnph\mWv Pohp. kIe
hn[nepff CIsfbpw kwibsfbpw Ima\I
sfbpw \nbsfbpw ]qambn ]cnXyPnh\mWv
Pohp. krjvSn, nXn, ebw, Cu AhIfnepw
DXn, Ah\Xn Fnhbnepw kam\Nn\mWv
Pohp. Innb kpJw am{Xw A\p`hnph\pw,
BImwmclnX\pw Hnepw Cujytbm tZzjtam
C m h\ p a m W v P o h p . X e m bp t a m
IemclnXtam PohnXw GXphn[ambmepw {]m]nIhn
jbNnI ssIshSnh\mWv PohpIv X .
Xembptam IemclnXtam PohnXw GXphn[ambmepw
{]m ] nIhnj bNn I ssIs hSn h\ mWv
Pohp. {]nse kIe [\hpw Npp]mSpap
snepw Ahsb ]c[\sat]mse IcpXn \nkv]rl
\mbn Ignbph\mWv Poh p B mhn
]qXzm\p`qXn Dsmffp almmhmWv Pohp
Bmhn ]qXzm\p`qXn Dsmffp
almmhmWv Pohp.
63. Pohp ]Zw Xypzm kztZtl Ime
kmXvI rtX
hnapNy tZl apXzw ]ht\mfkv]Xmanh
B alm icocw ImekmXvIcnv Pohp ]Zw
XyPnv \ne ]h\s\tmse tZlpmhkv Ysb
{]m]npp.
64. hntZl aptmt\mtZXm\mkvX taXn
\ imayXn I
\ kmk Zqctm \ Nmlw \ N
t\ Xcx
hntZlapmhbn DXntbmAh\Xntbm
ia\tam C. Ahs Ah kXv AkXv Fnh
bvpw AXoXamWv. Ah Zqc\ Ah\n Alw`m
htam ]cm`htam C.
65. XXx cnXXnX Kw`ocw \ tXtPm \
XakvXXw
A\mJya\`n hyw kXv Inn
Zh injytX I
hntZlmhbn Kmw`ocyhpw kvX_v[Xbpw \ne
amImXpw A\nhN\obhpamb kpam{XamWhnsS.

I 66. \ iq\yw \m]n NmImtcm \ Zriyw \m]n
Zi\w I
\ N `qX ]ZmuL kZ\Xbm
nXw I
67. Ina\y{Xb]tZimm ]qmXv
]qXcm IrXnxI
\ kmk kZk `mthm `mh\w \ N I
68. Nnm{Xw ssNXyclnXa\aPcw inhw
A\mZn a[y]cyw bZ\mZn \ncmabw I
69. {ZjvSp Zi\ Zriym\mw at[ybi\w
kva rXw
XmXx ]cXcw Innntbm
kvXy]tcm apt\
70. kzbtah Xzbm mXw KpcpX
]p\x {ipXw
kz kev]himZv _tm\nxkev]m
ZznapNytX
71. tX\ kzbw Xzbm mXw tbw
bkyalm\x
t`mtKt`ym lycXnPmXZriymZzm
kIemZnl
72. {]m]vXw {]m]vXhyaJnew `hXm ]q
tNXkm
kzcqt] X]kn {_ apkvXzw
{`mnarP
73. AXn_mlyw XYm_mly acm`ycw [nbx
ipI ]iy ]tiykvXzw kmo
kqtIhexI
Hcp Xcnepff BImchpw AXn\n. AXv
iq\ytam AZriytam A. Zriyhpa. `qXm\n ]mZm
kaql lo\hpw. k{Zq]amb A\n nXn
sNpXpamWv . hnNn{X kXzmIamb AXns\
hnm\mhnym AXns BIrXn ]qsm 1. \nZmtLm \ma ap\ncmSv {]m]v X hnZy
]qamWv.
AXv knepw Aknepw s]Spn. kwtbm
KmXoXhpw `mh\mXoXhqamWv. Nn clnXw, A\w,
tNX\mam{Xw hnizcq]w PcmclnXw IeymW Imcn
BZna[ym clnXw Cu hn[samapffXmWXv. AXv
khtZmjhn\nphpw A\mZnbpamWv. {ZpjvSp
Zi\ Zriy cq]n AXv tIhew Zi\ cq]sav
]dbsSpp. ipI, CXns\n C{Xtb ]dbm\pffp.
Abvv Cu XXzw Adnbmatm. kev]m Poh
_ \ n s]Sppshpw ]nXmhn \npw
a\nemnbnptm. k\v {]m]nIamb p aSn ]nXmhmb E`yaljntbmSv Xs XomS\
Zriy{]]tmSv hncn tXmm\nSsImSpp XXzw
N P
649
Av kzbw a\nemnbnptm. ]qssNX\yw K
t\Sn Av thXp t\Sngnp. {`aw Dt]nmepw
Xt]mcq]n AhnX\mWv. Av AXn\m
ap\mWv Av _mlym`yc Zriy Inpw
ImWpn. Fsm Av ssIheymhbn
tIhe kmn cq]n \nesmffpp.
74. hni{ima ipIkvXpjvWow kzt
]cahkvXp\n
hoXtimI `bmbmtkm \ncolx On
kwibx
75. PKma ioJcw tatcmx kam[ya
JJWvUnXw
76. XXz hj kl{kmW \nhnIev]
kam[n\m
tZimnXzm iimamkmhm\y
kvt\l Zo]hX.v
77. hy]KX Ie\mIf ipx I
kzbaaem\n ]mht\ ]tZfku I
k e oe I W C h mw _ p [ u am l m m
hnKfnXhmk\taIXmw PKma I
{ioipI P\Is Cu D]tZi tIv timI`b
kwib {iasfmpw IqSmsX Imalo\\mbn ]caXz
cqamb Bmhn nXn sNbvXv almtacp ]hXn
tev t]mbn. BtZiamb AhnsS Atlw Bbncw
hjwXmaknp. \nhnIev] kam[naptJ\]caKXn
{]m]np. shffpffnI ISen ebnv ISembno
cpXpt]mse ipItZh\pw kev ] tZmjhn\nap
\mbn ipkzcq\mbn hmk\mclnX\mbn ]cammhp
ambn ebnp tNp.
aqma[ymbw
_ me I x h nl r X k v X o bm{ X m w
]n{Xm\pmXhm kzbw.
2. k m [ {X ntI mS n X o tX zj p k v\ mX zm
Krlap]mKXx tkzmZw IYbmamk E`pw \Xzm
almibmx
sNdpnte hnZyIsfmw A`yknp \nZmL
F ap\nt{ijvT ]nXmhns A\phmn Xom
S\n\v ]pdsp Cu bm{Xbn Atlw aqctmSn
Xofn kv\m\w sNbvXncpp.]ns Krlnte
IY hnhcnp.

I 3. km[ {XntImSnXotbp kv\m\ ]pWy
{]`mhXxI
{]m`p`qtXm a\kntahnNmcx
tkmfbao Zriyw
4. PmbtX {anbtX temtIm {]nbtX
P\\mb N I
Ancmxkh Gthta kNcmNc
tNjvS nXmx I
5. khmhZmw ]Zw ]m]m `mhm hn`h`qabx I
AbxiemImkZrim ]ckv ]cakwKn\x I
injyt tIhem `mhm a\xIev]
\bmf\bm I
A, Rm aqctmSn Xofn kv\ m\w
sNbvXp Cu PKv DmIpp. \inpp.At\I Xo-
fn kv \m\w sNbvX Fs a\n Cu Nn
Dmbn. DmIm\mbnmWv \inpXv. CcppInI
AImWncnpsXnepw ImtmSSpptm 15.
ASppp.
6. `mthjzcXncmbmXm ]Yn Ikyacpjznh imay
XoZw IYw ZpxJanXn X]vtXm kvan tNXkm
7. Nnm\nNb N{ImWn \m\w b [\m\n ta
k{]kqXIf{XmWn KrlmWyw {Km]Zm hnh
8. Cbakvan ntXm Zmcm
kwkmtc]cnt]ehm I
{in apt\ ]cntamlmb tkmf]n ss\h\
iZm I
9. Bbpx ]h tImWm{K ew_mw_p
W`wKpcw I
D Ch kwXyPybmXyImWvtU
icocIw I
10. hnjbmio hnjmkwK ]cnPPctNXkmw I
A{]uVm hnthIm\ambpcmbmk
ImcWw. I
kcnp hyn acq`qanbnseptXmsS
Xfcpp. AXpt]mse kmwkmcnIX Ip AXn Rm
hnc\mbn. Cu ZpxJn \nv Fs\ tamN\w
Inpsa NnbnemWv Rm. [\mIhymtaml
P\sf hebvpp. Cu [\ F\np kpJw
\Im t]mX.`mcym]p{XmZnI ZpxJtlXp-
fmWv. evao tZhnbpw _pnamyw DmphfmWv.
[\w Bpw kpJw \IpIbn. Ceppff
Pe_np t]mse a\pjys PohnXw W`wKpc-
amWv. AXpsImpXsbmWv Rm AsXmw hnv
Ds\tmse bm{X XncnXv. hnjbkpJamIp
N P
650
km _nsv Poa\pIv B
K
t_m[w Dmm sRcpw. AhcpsS PohnXw
tiImcWambn `hnpp.
11. bpPytX thjv \w hmtbm cmImiky N
JWv U\w
{KlWw N XwKmWmhmm\mbpjnbp
PytX
12. {]m]yw kw{]m]vtXy tb\`qtbm tb\ \
timNytX
]cmbx \nhrtX m\wbolX
apNytX
13. Xcthm ]n ln PohnPohn arK
]nWk
PohXnat\mbkya\t\m Pohn.
14. PmXmkvX Gh PKXnPhx km[p PohnXm
tb ]p\ t\l Pmbttihm Pcw K`mx
`mtcmhnthIn\ximkv{Xw`mtcm m\w
NcmKnWx
Aimkyat\m `mcxZmtcm\m hnZmw h]px
16. Alwmc himZm ]Zlmcmpcm[bx
Alwmc himZolm\mmcmXv]tcmcn]px
17. CXt X kphy{Kwhy tahm
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at\mZqcXcw bmXm{Kmta IutebtXmbYm
19. {IqtcW P\Xmw bmXmXrjvWm `mcy\p
Kman\m
himw Iuteb tIt\h{_
`ptmkvantNXkm
20. A]n kmKc]m\Xv NkptaczmtcmlWm Z]n
Ahnhyi\mXv {_hnjan
\n{Klx
Xkva n otW PKXv oWwXXv
NnInyw{]bXmX!
hmbphns\ NpcppXpw BImiw IjWamp
Xpw kap{ZXcwK sInsbmXppXpw km[n
tmw. Fmepw PohnXn B hlnm
F\nv {]bmkamWv. PohnXw Fm {]Imcnepw
sRcpw \IpXmWv. PacWN{In InSv
sR c m\nShcmXns PohnXamWv t{ij v T w.
Bhm NpaSp Nphp hb IgpXbpsS amWv
]ecpsSbpw PohnXw. m\n v imk v { Xw `mc-
amWv.Bm\lo\\v PohnXw Xs `mcamIpp.
AlmcamWv. kIe ZpxJn\pw ImcWw. AXv
B]v hcpnopw. a\pjys Ghpw henb

I i{XphmWXv AlwImcw \nanw Rm ]e hn[
t`mKfnepw s]p AsXms anYybmbncpp.
Almcw \nanw Rm ]e hn[ t`mKfnepw s]p
AsXms anYybmbncpp. AlmccmlnXyamWv
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Xncnbp ]nsbtmse ]ecpw t`mK tXSn
Aebpp. almtacp ]hXw ]ngpXpampXnepw
kap{ZPeamsI IpSnp hnpXnepw {]bmkamWv
a\ ns\ \ nb{ n pIsb Xv A nIpSn pI
FfpamWv; ]t Nn \n{Klw {]bmkamWv. a\v
_mlym`ym cfn Dgepp. Pm{KXv k z]v \
kpjp]vXymIamb PohnXw t{ijvTamm {ianWw.
a\ns\ \nb{npIbmWv AXn\v {][m\ambpw
Bhiyw.
22. bmw bmalw ap\nt{ijvT kw{ibman
KpW{inbw
Xmw Xmw IrXnta XrjvWmX{n anh
IpaqjnIm
23. ]Zw ItcmXyewt^y ]nXr]vtX
]n^eaohmtX
Nncw XnjvTXn ss\I{XXrjvWm N]e
aSo
24. WambXn ]mXmfw Ww bmXn
\`ew
Ww {`aXn ZnpRvtP XrjvWm lrXv
NjSv ]Zw
25. khkwkmc ZpxJm\mwXrjvssWh ZoL
ZpxZm\mwAx]pca]nbmtbmPb
XyXnktS
26. Xrjv WmXn jNnIm a{nm XymtKm
kZznP
kvtXmtI \m\ ambmXnkvtXmtXm
tX\mbmXn tJZmXmw
27. kmkvXn tZh kax timtNym \ \otNm KpW
hnX
28. Itfhc almcKrlky almKrlw.
EtXz taXp hm sscyw Inat\\ Kpcu aa.
29. ]wn _t{nb ]ipwhevKXrjvWm
KrlmWw Nn `rXy P\mIowt\jvSw
tZl Krlw aa
30. Pnlzm aSnIm {ImhZ\Zzmc `njWw
ZrjvT Zmn Ie\wt\jvT w tZl
Krlw aa
apt\, sImffcpXm Fen hoWbpsS In apdnp
IfbpXpt]mse XrjvW Fs t{ijv T KpWsf
N P
651
apdnp IfbpIbmWv. Cu XrjvW Nebmb Hcp K
s]Ipcp t]msebmWv AXptIdn ieyapmm
ean. AXv HcnSw Ignm asmv Cs\
NmSnmSn \Spp. AXv Nnetm BImin
Npndpsan Nnetm ]mXmfn Idpp.
]ns hn`n ZniIfnepw ]mbpp. temIn Ghpw
ieyapmpXv XrjvWbmWv. layfn kpJnp
Ignbphscbpw AXv Xmsg Xffnhnjannpp.
XrjvW Hcp almamcnbmsWpw ]dbmw. Nn Hcpanp
\nm Ignm kpJw t\Smw. Nn ZpxJIcamWv.
Cu tZlstmse Xpambnsmn. Almcsa
Krl `cnp hoSmWv Cu tZlw. Cu tZlw
Gsdmew \ne\ns. DS Xs \ins. F\nv
B Imcyn Nnbn. \mmIp s]Ipcv
ISm{Ianp Cu hmbv `oIcw Xs. ]pIfIp
An Xnnb Cu tZlamIp Krlw F\nv
lrZya.
31. camwkabkymky_mlym`ymtc apt\
\mssiI [ntWm {_plnssIh
ImbkycayXm
32. XSnp icZt{`jvTKhw \KtcjvTp N
sscyw tb\ hn\iynk hnizkn Xp
hn{Ktl
33. ssiith KpcptX `XnamXrXx ]nXrXYm
P\tXm tPyjvS hmemssihw `bancw
34. kz Nn _ne kwt\\m\m hn{`a
ImcnWm
_emXv Ima]nimtN\hnhi ]cn`qbtX
35. Zmkmx ]p{Xm kv{Xosb ssh_m hmx
kplrXkvXYm
lk yp ahnh\cw _m[IInXw
36. ssZ\ytZmjabo ZoLmhtX hmtI
kv] rlm
kh]ZmtaI kJolrZn Zml{]Zmbn\o
37. IzNnZzm hnZytX tbjmwkwkmtc kpJ `m
th\BlpxkvXw `anhmkmZrImekvXma]n
IrXn
38. XrWw ]mwkpw atl{xNkphw tacp
kjhw
B`ocpXbm kham kmXv
IpapZyXx
Imtem bw khkwlmcotX\m{Imw
PK{Xbw
Cs\bpff tZlamIp Krlw F\nv \mbn
tXmpn. Cu tZlw AIpw ]pdpw amwk

I cabamWv. Cu \mihmb tZln kucysa
hnsS? an NeXbpw Kh\Kcnbn N]eXbpw
Csn am{Xw Cu icocns ncXbn hnizm
kanpI. icocnse aqhIfpw `b{]ZamWv.
Ipnmen henbhcn \npw amXm]nXmmcn
\npw `bw; bu\n Xs Dffn Xsbpff
ImaamIp ]nimNn \nv `bw; hmIyn
Zp_e\mbn hndbvp kv{XoIfpsSbpw _p,
an{X, ]p{Xm, ]p{XnI, them kIecpsSbpw
]cnlmkn\v ]m{XamIpp. IgnhptISp hcptm
B{Kl IqSpp. hmIyw k IecpsSbpw
B]pIpw ImcWamWv. a\pjy tXSp kpJw
FhnsSbmWv? Ime PohnIsf ]pns\mw Acnbpp.
Imen\v atl{ ]Xs IpSpm\pw ISpIv
almtacphmm\pw Icp pv . AXp kIeXpw
XIpp. As\bpff Imew aqptemInepw
hym]nncnpp.
39. amwk ]mmen ImbmkvXpa{temew
K]Rv Ptc
kv\mbzn{Kn imekym; kv{Xnbx
Inan]tim`\m
40. XzMv amwkc _mjv]mw_p]rYIv IrXzm
hntemNt\
kamtemIb cayw tNXv Inw ap[m]cn
aplykn
41. tacpirwKw XtSmmkn KwKm Pectbm]am
Zrjv Smbkvan apt\ bpmlmctkym
maimenXm
42. ivaimt\jp ZnKtjvTk Gh ee\mkvX\x
iz`ncmkzmPytX ImteeLp]nWvUan
hmkx
43. tIi km hn[mcntWym Zpkv]item
N\{]nbm
Zpjv IrXm ninJm \mtcymZln XrW
hcw
44. PzeXmaXn Zptc ]mkckm A]n \ockm
kv{Xotbm ln\cImo\mhn\w
tZmjImcIw.
45. Ima\mav\m IncmtX\hnIomxapKv[tN
Xkx\mtIym \chnlwKm\mawK_\
hmKpcmx
46. P ]ev]eam\mw Nn Ia NmcnWmw
]pwkmw Zphmk\m cq\mco
_ni]nWv UoIm
N P
652
47. kthjmw tZmjcXv\m\mkpa K
apZvKnIb\mbm
ZpxJ iywJebm\nXyaeakvXp aa kv{Xnbm
48. bky kv{Xn Xky t`mtKm\nkv{XoI
kyIzt`mK`pw
kv{ Xobw XyhXm \nXywPKXv Xyzm
kpJo`htX
tZlw b{wt]mse NeamWv. Anamwk
]nWvUamb kv{Xo icocn Fp kucyamWncn
pXv? Imcyambn HpanmXn tamlnpXn
sev Aw? kv {Xo, kptacp inJcn \nsmgp
Ip \Znt]mse NeamWv. ]ecpw tamlnp kv{Xo
icocw iv a im\n ]nI ISnp henpp.
tIi`wKnbpw ARvP\sagpXnb IpIfpsS `wKnbpw
{]nbwIcambn tXmmw, ]t Ahkm\w AsXmw
hn[mhns ZpaqXnsbp ]dbmw. Ah \cImnbnse
C\Xpeysav ]dbmw. AhcpsS kckXbpw
\ockXbmbn ]cnWanpp. Ima\mb thImc
am\mIp ]pcpjs\ sInbnSm Xo IbdmWvkv{Xo,
a\mIp Nfnbn IpSpnb ]pcpj\mIp
ays ]nSnm ]nb hebmWv kv{Xo. Cu kap{Zw
kIetZmjfpamIp cXv \ \nnpp.
kv{XoI ASppffh AhcpsS hnemktNjvSIfn
IpSppp. kv {XoI ASpnmhv t`mKem-
ekn Inpn.
kv{Xosb XyPnm Ignh\v temsI XyPnm
Ignbpw kmwkvImcnI kpJw XyPnh\mWv kpJnam.
AXn\m ZpxJns B Ne s]mnsdntb
Xpv.
49. Zntim]n Xln ZriyttZtim ]y tkym
] tZiIrX
ssiem A]n hnfocytiocyt
XmcIm Ahn
50. ipjyn N kap{Zmep]yt {[ph XmcImx
knm A]nhn\iynPocyt Zm\hmZbx
51. ]ctajvSy]n \njvTmhm lnbtX lcnc]yPx
`thm ]y `mhambmXnPocytX N ZnKoizcmx
52. {_m hnjvWp cp{Zkhmhm
`qb PmXb
\mitahm\p `qbtkenem\oh _mUhw
53. B]Zx WambnWambmn kZx
Ww PmYacWw khw \izctahXXv
54. AiqtcW lXm icmGtX\ ]n iXw lXx
hnjw hnjb sshjayw\ hnjw hnj apNytX

I 55. PmcLv\m hnjbmGIPlcw hnjw
CXn ta tZmj Zmhmn ZKt
kw{]Xn tNXkn
56. kv^pcn ln \ t`mKmZv arK
Xrjv Wm kcxkz]n
AtXm amw t_m[bmipXzw XXzmt\\
sshKptcm
57. t\m tN\w kamb \nmt\m
KX acx
`mhb a\km hnjvWpw en]n
ImntXm]ax
Cu PKv \mihmWv. CXv AZriyamIptm
ZpIfpw ImWsSn. tZi Imen\pffn
Bgpp. ]hX XIcpp. \{X Nnn
nXdpp. kap{Zw hpp;{[ph\{Xhpw ep]v Xam
Ip p. Zm \h mcpw k n mcpw \m iaSbp p.
APmhmb hnjvW phpw Nncmbnbmb {_mhpw
IqSn cp{Z\pw Pew _Uhmn eyamn hnebw
{] m ] n p k I e X p w h n\ m i n\ p t \ v
]mSppp. B Ln kIe `mhfpw B
`mhfmbn ]cnWanpp. B]pI IqSpp;
kIe ssh`hfpw ep]v X ampp. Wn
Phpw Wn arXyphpw hpIqSpp. Cu
PKsmw \inpXmWv . `ocp iqcmsc
\innpw. Hcph Xs At\Iw t]sc sImsmSp
pp. Cs\ kIe Znnepw {]bmkw ]cpp.
hnjbm`nemjamIp hnjw Gsd \miw hnXbvpp.
Fs Nnw tZmjamIp ImpXobm Incnp
Fmepw arKacoNnIbmIp XSmIn \npIbm
sWnepw Rm t`mKm`nfmjn \nv AIsebmWv.
Kptcm, F\nv Av XXzm\w \IpI. Asn
Rm A`nam\acmZnI ssIhnv au\nbmbn `Khms\
kvacnp Ignbs.
NXptmymbw
1. \nZmL Xh\mkvX\yXvtbw
m\hXmw hc
{]bmXzw hnPm\mkn Cuizcm\p
KrloXbm
2. Nnamen\y kwPmXwamPbman {`aw apt\
tamZzmtc Zzmc]memXzmcx ]cn
IonXmx
itam hnNmcx ktmjXpm km[p
kwKax
3. Ghw hm khbXvt\\khaprPy
kw{itbXv
N P
653
GIkvan hitKbmn NXzmtcm hn K
]iwKXmx
4. imkvss{Xx k\ kwk ]qhssI
Xt]mZssax BZu kwkmc apyw
{]PRmtahm`nhtbXv
5. kzm\p`qtX imkv{Xky Kptcm
sssshI, hmIyXm
bkym`ymtk\ tX\mm kXXw Nmh
temIytX
6. kev]mip km\ hP\w tNXv
{]XnWw
Itcmjn XZNnXzw {]m]vX
Ghmkn ]mh\w
7. tNXtkm bZIrXzw XXv kmam[m\
aocnXw
XtZh tIheo`mh km ip`m \nhrXnx]cm
8. tNXkmkw ]cnXyPy kh `mhm
`mh\mw
bYm XnjvTkn XnjvTXzw aqIm
_[ntcm ]ax
9. khw {]imaPtaIa\mZna[y
am `mkzc kzZ\am{Xa ssNX\yNnw
kh{]imanXn i_vZabo N ZrjvSn
t_m[mtah ln apss[h XtZmanXoZw
10. khw InwNnZnZw Zriyw ZriytX
tNZv PKZvKXw
Nnnjv]mw i am{Xw Xm\yZkvXoXn
`mhb
11. \nXy {]_pNnkvXzw Iph hm]n
PKXv {Inbmw
BssIXzw hnZnXzm Xzw XnjvTp_v[
kap{ZhXv.
\nZmLs Cu hmptIv Ahs ]nXmhmb
Ejnhc E`p ]dp:- ""]p{X \o m\nIfn
t{ijvT\mWv. C\n \n\v AdntbXmbnsmpan.
Cuizc Ir]bm kzbw \o AdnsbsXmw Adnp.
Fnepw Nnnepmb aen\XbpsS {`aw Rm
AIncmw iaw Nn, B\w, kwKw Ch\m
epamWv. tamZzmcns Imhm. AXnsemv
himnbm _mnbm _mnbpffsXmw
hiambnsmffpw.
PKXv ]min \nv apvX\mIm\pff B{Kl
apff ]w A[yb\w X]v, Zaw, kwKw Chbm
{]sb hfpI. imkv{Xm`ymkw Kpcp]tZiw

I \nccm`ymkw. Chbm BNn\w km[yamIpw.
ZrVkev]apff ]w ssIhey{]m]vXn kpe`amWv.
Nnns AIrXzw XsbmWv Nnhrn
\ntcm[w {]m]nI hkv X pfnse B`mh\
ssIhnSWw. {]m]nI kpJfpsS t\v aqI\pw,
A\pw, _[nc\pamIpI. i_v Z Iamb bpn
NnsImv ^ean. {]WhamWv ]caamb km[Iw .
N n v ] \ ns {] Xn` m k ns k I e X p w
NnamWv kIeXpw NnamW kIen\pw B[mcw.
kmwkvImcnI Ifn Dsmepw {]_pamb
tNX\tbmsS Bmhns GIo`mhn\pXIp
PmRm\w t\SpI. almkmKcns\mw Ap_v[Nn
\mIpI.
12. XXzm t_m[tahmku hmk\m XrW ]mhIx
t{]mwkam[ni_vtZ\,hXpXqjv W oa
hnXnx
13. \ncnt kwntX cXvt\ bYm temIx
{]htX
kmamt{X ]tc XtXz XssYhmbw
PKZv KWx
14. AXm\n IrXzw AIrXzw N
sshapt\ \ncnXzIm kuIm
kn[nam{XXx
15. tX tZz {_mWn hntXIrXm
IrtX apt\
bss{Xh sshj NaXvmckvXam{inXy
ntcm`h
16. Xkva mnXyaImlanXn`mh\tbbm
]camarX\mav\ o km kassXhmh injytX
17. \nZmL {irWpkXztm PmXm
Zphn alm KptWmx
tX \nXytahm`ypZnXm apZnXmx N Cthhx
Bm\w t`mKm`nemjamIp ]pv In
sbcnbnp AnbmWv. AXpXs kam[n. shdpsX
au\ambncpm kam[nbmhn. cXv\w InSpXp
Im Bmbmepw AXn\pt\v Xmev] cyw
D mIpw. A Xpt]mse ]cmXXzn\p t\ pw
hnizsamw BIrjv Sambncnpw. Bmhn I-
rXzhpw AIrXzhpwapv. Ima\bnm ]w
Bmhv AImhmWv, kn[nbm ImhmIpp.
{_n IrXznsbpw AIrXznsbpw
D]e_v [ nbpv . ""Rm Fpw A I mhmWv ''.
A\s `mh\bnmbm ]camarXsa Ah
bpmIpp. kXzKpWtmSp tNh\mWv. KpW
hm. Ah BImi\mb N{s\tmWw ljn
X\mIpp. DXnioe\mbn `hnpp.
N P
654
18. \m]Zn m\nambn \nintlaw _pPw bYm K
t\lt {]IrXmZ\y{`at injvSh\n
19. BIrssXyh hncmPt ssa{XymZn
KpW hrn`nx
kamx kackmx kuaykXXw
km[p hrbx
20. A_v[ nhXacymZ `hn hniZmibmx
\nbXnw \ hnapnalmtm `mkvIcm Ch
21. tIm lw IYanZw tNXnkwkmc ae amXXw
{]hnNmcyw {]btX\\ {]mt\
klmhtkXv
{ZjvShyx khkwlm\ arXypctl bm
23. icocan amwkw N Xyzm
cmZy tim`\w
`qXapmheoXpw Nnm{XahtemItbXv
24. D]mtZbm\p]X\wtlssbIm hnkP\w
btZX\tkm cq]w XZv_ mlyw
hnn t\XcXv
25. Kpcpimkvt{Xm amtWkzm\p`qXym
NNnZv Lt\
{_ss hmlanXn mXzm hoX
timtIm`thp\nx
b{X \ninXmkn iX]mX\ apev] eXmU\
hXv tkmUhyw An Zmtlm lnatkN\ anh
AwKmcmhn\w N\ Nt\h \nch[n\mcm
N \n Ic ]mXm \nZmL hnt\mZ[mc. KrlioI
c W h j W anh k zi nc t Z x k p J \ n t{Z h
aqIoIcW am\\apss{Zh _m[ncyw alm\pNb
Ch \mh tl \bm `hnhyw Ghw ZrV sshcm
KymXv t_mt[m `hXn.
26. KpcphmIy kap{Z `qXkzm\p`qXymXn ipbm
bkym Zymtk tX\mmkXXw Nmh
temIytX
27. hn\jvSZnKv{`akym]nbYm]qhw
hn`mXn ZnYm
hnm\hn[zkvXw PKmkvXoXn `mhb
28. \ [\m\yp] Iphn \ an{XmWn
\ _mhmx
\ Imbti ssh[pcyw \ Xombcm
\m{ibx
tIhew Xat\mam{Xa\t\mkmZytX ]Zw XXzm[n
jvTnX\mb hyn cm{XnbmIp hn]n kzm
acsbtmse IpWvTnXsSpIbn. X\nv kzm`mhnI
ambn InpXnemsX asmnepw Bi hlnm

I h\pw imkv{Xm\rXamb Ncybn s]Sph\pw
ssa{Xn, IcpW, kpjvSn apXemb KpWw tNh
\pamb hynv am{Xta bYm k\ymknbmIm
Ignbq. kap{Zns\mw Kmw`ocytmsS kqcys\tm
se \nbX amn Ncnm Abmp Ignbpp.
{] krjv Snsbnbpw apw NnnWw. \ncI
Imcyfn s]SpItbm ZpjvSkwkw hlnpItbm
AcpXv. acWw kIeXns\bpw hngppsatmpI.
An amwkmI \izc tZln aaX AIpI.
\qen tIm PohPmesf kvacnpI. tlbh
kvX p ssIhnv D]mtZb hkvX p {KlnpI.
a\v, _mlyamWv; BcnIa, ""Alw {_mkvan
F XXztamv timImZnIsf XyPnpI. AZvt_mZ
apmbm \qdpIWn\v hm hoiepw Xmachfbpambn
A\p`hsSpw. Xobnenp Npmepw XWp shffn
hoW{]XoXntb DmIq. Xo\ icocn hogp
Xpw N\te]\hpambn A\p`hsSpw aqtbdnb
_mW hjnse agpffnIv kam\am
bncnpw. Xe shnsbSppXpw im\n{Zv Xpey
ambn A\p`hsSpw. aqI\mIpXv au\tmsSm
amIpw; sNhn tImXmIpXv imn {]ZamIpw.
sshcmKym am{Xta As\sbmcp Ah ssIh
cpIbpffq. kZv Kpcphns D]tZiw ]npScpI;
am\knIamb ]hn{XX t\SpI. As\bmIptm
B kmmXv mcw e`npw. ZnKv{`aapmbmepw
icnbmb Znimm\w e`npw. [\nt\m an{X
tm _ptm ]p{X]cnhmcmZnItm a\pjy\v
bYm D]Imcw sNm\mhn. imcocnI tiw Dm-
bnsv shtm Xo kv\m\mZnIfn apgpInsb-
XpsImtm a\pjy\v bYm em`w Dmhn. Nnm{X
e_v[ntb Ah\v imizXamb kpJw \IpIbpffq.
29. bm\n ZpxJm\n bm XrjvWm Zpxklm
tb Zpcm[bx
imtNXx kpXXvkhw Xtamtjp
Ch\iyXn
30. amXcoh ]cw bmn hnjamWn arZq\nN
hnizmk anl `qXm\n khmWn iaimen\n
31. \ ckmb\]mt\\ \ evaymenwK\n
tX\ N
\ XYm kpJam]vt\mXn ita\m
bYm P\x
32. {ipXzm kv] rjvSzm N `qzm N ZrjvSzm
mXzmip`m ip`w
\ lrjyXn mbXn bx k im
CXn IYytX
33. XpjmcIc_nw_mw at\m bky \ncmIpew
actWmhbptjvT k im CXn IYytX
N P
655
34. X]kznjp _lptjp K
bmPtIjp \rt]jp N
_ehp KpWmtVyjp iahmt\h cmPtX
35. ktmjmarX]mt\\ tb imm kvXr]vXn
amKmXmx
Bmcmam alm\kvtX alm ]Z amKXmx
36. A{]m]vXw ln ]cnXyPy kw{]m]vtX
kaXmw KXx
AZrjvS tJZ tJtZm [o bx kpjvS
CXn IYytX
37. \m`n\Xy kw{]m]vXw{]m]vXw kvtX\
`pvtX btY]vknXw
bx k kuaykamNmcx kpjvS
CXn XYytX
38. catX [ocyYm {]m]vtX km[zo hmfx
]pcmPntc
km Pohptm tZXn kzcq]m\ Zmb\ow
39. bYmWw bYmim{Xw bYmtZiw
bYm kpJw
bYm kw`hwKanaw tam]ZmIw
XmhZznNmctbXv {]mtm bmhZzn{imn
am\n
40. Xpcyhn{imnbpky\nhrky
`hmhmXv
PohtXmfPohXssh Krlkym
YhmbtX
41. \mIrtX\ IrtX\mtm \ {ipXn
kvarXn hn{`ssax
\nc Chmwt`m[n k XnjvTXn
bYm nXx
temIn GtXsXmw ZpxJfpw tifpw
ZpnIfpaptm Ahsbmw imNn\v kqcyInc
Wfn AImcsatmse \jvSamIpp. _me
Abn hnizmkanpXpt]mse ia {]IrXn
kIeXpw ]cammhn Anpp. imn e`nm
DmIp B\w Gsd ]Ww InnbXpsImtm
AarX]m\w Xs km[yambXpsImtm Dmhn.
ip`w tIv ktmjm[nIytam ZpxJhm tIv
hnjmZteitam DmImh\mWv im. N{s\mw
ioXfamb a\pffh\pw Dhtam bptam acWtam
Fmbmepw ]m] hnjmZmZnI tNcmh\pamWv
im. bmNImtcm X]kznItfm cmPmmtcm
h\hmknItfm BcpamIs iaamWv Ahsmw
tbmKyX \IpXv. ktmjmarXw ]m\w sNbvXv
imcmIphcmWv Bmcmacmb almm.

I AhmWv ]ca]Zw InpXv. InnbXn Xr]vXn
sSpI, InmXn \ncmitXmmXncnpI Fnepw
kwXr]vXn hlnpI Cs\bpffh\mWv bYm
n kpjvS . ]hn{XX Xs KrlmWn
Ignp IqSn X\npffXn B\w ImWphcmWv
Poh\apm, B kwXr]vXn e`npXp hsc
Ime tZimhIf\pkcnp; im{Xm\pIqeI
sNbvX pw tamWamsn Nnnpw Ignp 54. Alw Xzw PKZnXym Zu {]imt
IqSWw. Xpcobmhbnse hn{iaw e`nhcpw kwkmc
kap{Zn \npw \nhrcpambh Krlt\m
k\ymkntbm BIs. kmwkv mcnI _\fn
s]p Ign mep w A m \nebnemsW nepw
{ipXnkvarXnIfpsS IpSppIfn s]tSXn. Ap
_v[amb kap{Zw t]mse \nesImv BnX\mbn
Ah\v kIeXpw {]m]nm km[npw.
42. khmthZ\w ipw btZmtZXn XhmIw
`mXn {]krXn Znmem_mlyw
Nn{Zq] tZlIw
43. Ghamm bYm b{X kapmkap]mKXx
XnjvT Xymip XYm X{X X{Zq] hncmPtX
44. bZnZw ZriytX khw PKXvmhc PwKaw
XXv kpjp]vX mhnh kz]v\x
Iev]mt {]hn\iyXn
45. EXamm ]cm {_ kXyanXymZnIm_pss[x
Iev] nXm hyhlmcmw bky kwm
alm\x
46. bYm ISI i_vZmx ]rYKv`mthm
\ Im\mXv
\ tlaISImZzK_vZmXm ]cm
47. tX\ban{Pme {inPKXo {]hnX\ytX
{`jvSp Zriyky km_
CXy`n [obtX
48. {ZjvSm ZriyhimZv_vt[m Zzt\zm Zriym`mth
hnapNytX
PKXzalanXymZnkmm ZriyapNytX
49. a\sskth{Pme {ioPKXo {]hnX\ytX
bmhtZXXv kw`hXn Xmhtmtm
\ hnZytX
50. {_Wm X\ytX hnizw a\sskh
kzbw `qhm
at\mabatXm hnizw bma]cnZriytX
51. \ _mtly \m]n lrZtb k{Zq]w
hnZytX a\x
bZw {]Xn`m\w XXv a\ CXym`n[obtX
N P
656
52. kev]\w at\m hnn, kev] K
kvX{X hnZytX
b{X kev]\w X{X at\mfkvX oXy
hKayXmw
53. kev]a\ko`ntm \ IZmN\ tI\ NnXv
kev]PmtX KentX kzcq]ahinjytX
Zriy kw{`ta
kymmZriyio tIheXm Zriykm
ap]mKtX
55. alm{]fb ku lykmw
kap]mKtX
Atij ZrtiykmZu imtahm
hinjytX
56. AkvX\kvXantXm `mkzm\tPm
tZthm \ncmabx
khZm khIrXv khw
]camtXyp ZmlrXx
57. btXm hmtNm\nht tbm
apsschKaytX
bky NmmZnIx kwmx Iev]nXm
\ kz`mhXx
A\ysc Xsftmse ImWp khmIamb
NnmKXnbpmIptm ZnmemXnKamb Nn{Zq ]mI
`mh\ DZbw sImffpp. Cs\ Bmhv GXp
hn[n DkmIpp, AtX cq]n Xs
{]Xn`mkoXambn `hnpp. kpjp]vXnbn hneo\mh-
{]m]n kz]v\sa t]mse Cu kqamb
mhc PwKa PKv {]fb Imev \jvSamIpp.
m\nI Cu Bmhns\ ]c{_ kXykzcq]-
ambpw bkzcq]ambpw IcpXpp. hf Fp
]dbptm AXv kzamsW [mcWbpmIpXp
t]mse PKv ]c{_w Xs. ]c{_ns
BImct`Zw am{XamWv PKv ]cammhv Xs
ambbmbn ]cnh\w sNbv Xp Fp am{Xw {`jvS mhv
Zriyn A`qXamIptm _\amIpp.
Zriym hio`qXambn {`jv S mhv _\n
s]Spp. Zriyw CmXncpm tamambn temIn
""FsXv'' ""\nsXv'' Fc `mhamWv. amb a\ns\
\nbWnempp. am\knIamb Cu Iev] \
hnpt]mImsX apnbpsS amw ImWsSpIbn.
kzbw `qhmb {_mhv Cu hnizs am\knI
Iev] \sImv \nnp. CsXmw at\mabsav
a\nempI. hnjbsf kw_n _\wa\v
\nnpp. Npcpn a\ns\ kev] sav
]dbmw. kev]sbpw a\ns\bpw thXncnm

I Bpw Ignnn. Fm kev]fpw \inm
B kzcq]w shfnhmIp ""Rm'' \o Fpff
t`Z_pnbpw kzmNnbpw ssIhnSptmtg
ssIheyw A\p`qXamhpIbpffq. alm{]fbImepw
k hn\jv SamIpw Atm imamb Bmhp
am{Xta AhtijnpIbpffq. BmhmIp kqcy
AkvXanpn. Bmhns\ Adnbptm a\pjy
ap\mIpp. Bmhnsbpw cq]n cq] clnX
{_w Xs ]cammshv ]dbsSpp.
58. NnImiw NnZmImiamImiw N XrXobIw
Zzm`ymw iq\yXcw hnn NnZmImiw almapt\
59. tZimZvtZimc {]m]vtX\
kwhntZmaytahtbXv
\ntatjW NnZmImiw XZznn ap\n]pwKh
60. Xkva n \nckvX\nx tij kev] nXn
tajn tNXv
khmI]Zw imw XZm
{]m]vt\mjy kwibx
61. DZnXuZmcykucysshcmKyck K`nWo
B\kyn\ossbjm kam[nc`n [obtX
62. Zriymkw`h t_mt[\ cmKtZzjmZn Xm\th
cXn_temZnXm bmku kam[nc`n[obtX
63. Zriymkw`h t_mt[mln m\w tbw
NnZmIw
XtZh tIheo `mhw XtXmf\yIew arjm
64. a sFcmhtXm _x kj]n
tImW tImStc
aitI\IrXw bnw knwlu
ssLcWp tImStc
65. ]Zvamt m]ntXm tacq \nKotWm
`rwKkq\p\m
\nZmLw hnn XmZrzw PKtZXXv {`amIw
66. Notah ln kwkmtcm
cmKmZnti ZqjnXw
XtZth ssXhn\napw N `hn
CXn IYytX
67. a\km `mhyamt\m ln tZlXmw
bmXn tZl Ix
tZlhmk\bm aptm tZl[s
\ en]ytX
68. Iev]w WoItcmXyxWw
\bXn Iev] Xmw
at\mhnemkxkwkmc CXn ta \nnXm aXnx
N P
657
K
BImiw aqmWv. NnmtImiw, NnZmtImiw, `uXn
ImImiw, NnZmImiw CXns\msfmw kqvaXcamWv.
Hcp tZin \nv asmcp tZintep t]mIptm
a[yn Nnnse hyh[m\ns \ntajs
NnZmImisav ]dbpp. B NnZmImin Fm
kev] fpw kmlo\amn \nesImffptm
khmI ]Zw e`npp. NnZmImin \nsemffp
tm DZmcXbpw sshcmKyhpw tN khm\a
bamb Ah e`npw. AXn\v kam[nsbv ]dbpp.
B Ln Zriy ]ZmfpsS iq\yX t_m[s
Spp. cmKtZzjmZnI \inpp. AtXmsS kam[n
]qamIpp GIm{KX ]qambpw B Ln
kwPmXamIpp. BssIheyhpw AtXmsS km[np
p. B Ahbn \nv `nambsXmw Xs anYy
bmWv. sNdnb amfn shv knwltfmSv sImXpIp
I sNp bpw t]msebpw aZn sFcmhXs
ISpIns Iqmcnepff Zzmcn _npXpt]m
sebpw Xmacbv pffn m]n almtacphns\
sNdnb hv hngppXpt]mse shdpw {`aamWv. Cu
{]]ns \ne\nev] pw cmKtZzjmZntZmj
Xnnb NnamWv kwkmcw B tZmjfn\nv
apambm am{Xta tamw knnpIbpffq. a\n\v
imcocnI `mh\bpmIptm Bmhv tZlmIambn-
ocpp. tZlamIp hmk\ \inm ]ns tZl[
sfmpw \apv ieyw sNpIbn. a\v Xs
bmWv bpKs Wam{Xhpw Wam{Xsb bpKhpam
nopXv . AXn\m Cu hnizw a\ns
kev]w am{XamsWv Rm hnNmcnpp.
69. \mhnctXm ZpcnXmxm imtm
\m kamlnXx
\mim a\tkmhm]n {]m
t\ss\\ am]v\ pbmXv
70. XZv {_m\ aZzw \nKpWw kXy
NnXv L\w
hnZnXzm kzmt\m cq]w \ _nt`Xn IZmN\
71. ]cmXv]cw bltXm almw kzcq]tX
tPmabimizXw inhw
Ihnw ]pcmWw ]pcpjmk\mX\w
kthizcw khtZsshcp]mkyw
72. Alw {_tXn \nbXw tamtlXp
alm\mw
tZz ]tZ _tammb \ntXn ataXn N
ataXn _ytX Cp \ntXn hnapNytX
73. PothizcmZn cqt]W tNX\m tNX\mIw
CuWmZn {]thimm
krjvSncoti\ Iev]nXm
Pm{KZmhntamm kwkmtcm Poh Iev]nXx

I ZphrnIfn \nv ]nXncnbmh\pw im
a\nmh\pw {imlo\\pw ]mWvUnXyw sImv
tamw {]m]nm km[ya. \nKpWhpw NnXv
kzcq]hpw ZzzmXoXhpw B\abhpamb B {_s
Bkzcq]w Xs Fv IcpXph\v Hcnepw
`bstSXn."" Fpw tZhmpw D]mky\pw
t{ijvTcnepw t{ijvT\pw almmcn alm\pw imiz
X\pw IeymWcq]nbpw ]catXtPmab\pw kh\pw
k\mX\\pw ]pcmW ]pcpj\pamb {_w XsbmWv
Rm.'' F `mh\bmWv tam{]m]vXnv ImcWw. aaX
_\w \nnpp. aaXm XymKw Xs tamw.
Ch cpw PohnIfpsS _tamn\v ImcWamWv.
PothizcmZn `mhn PUw tNX\mI krjvSn\Sn
bnpffXv Cuizc XsbmWv Pm{Kp apX tam
e_vZnhsc kIe{]]hpw Pohmmhn\m Iev]nX
amIpp.
74. {XnWmNnImZn tbmKmm Cuizc
{`mnam{inXm
temImbXmZn kwJymm Pohhn{`m
nam{inXmx
75. Xkv ampapp`nss\haXn
Pothi hmZtbm
Imcym Inp {_XXzw \nte\
hnNmcyXmw
76. AhntitjW khw Xp bx
]iyn NnZ\zbmXv
k Gh kmm Zznm\o k inhx k
lcn hn[nx
77. Zpet`m hnjb XymtKm Zpe`w XXz Zi\w
Zpe`m klPmhm kZvKptcmx
IcpWmw hn\m
78. Dev] in t_m[ky Xy
\nxtj IWx
tbmKn\x klPmhm kzbtathm
] PmbtX
79. bZmtlysshj GXkvanev] a]ycw \cx
hnPm\Xn XZm Xky `bwkymm{X kwibx
80. khKw knZm\w m\Np
\ncotX
Am\Npt\tX `mkzw
`m\pahXv
81. {]PvRm\tah XXv {_ kXy
{]m\ eWw
Ghw {_]cnm\m tZhatymartXm
`thXv
N P
658
82. `nZytX lrZb{KnnZyt khkwibmx K
obt Nmky ImWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS]cmhtc
{XnWmNntIXmn apX (ItTm]\njXv {]Xn]m
ZnXw) tbmK]cyapff m\n (tizXmtizXtcm
]\njXv {]Xn]mZnXw) B]mcw Cuizcob {`mnbmWv
NmhmI aXw apX kmwJyknm]cyapff Zmi
\nIXzn\v B[mchpw Pohmmhns\nbpff
{`mnbmWv . AXn\m ap n B{Kln ph
Pohs\nbpw Cuizcs\nbpapff hmZhnjbfn
kz _pnsb hym]cnncpXv. {_XXzw Xs a\\w
sNpI Cu ImWp kakvX {]]hpw Nn{Zq]sav
m\n IcpXpp. {_mhv hnjvWp, inh Hsbpw
AXp Xs. hnjb ]cnXymKw t]mse Xs XXz
m\ {]m]vXnbpw {]bmkamIpp. kZvK pcphns
ImcpWyw IqSmsX ssIheyw e`nm sRcpamWv.
t_m[w {]Zm\w sNp in DWn khI
fpw ]cnXyPnp tbmKn kzbw klPmh {]m]n
pp. CXn `nX tijnpXphsc Ah\v
ZbhmWv. knZm\ kzcq]w ZinWsam{Klap
sn m\Npp sImv AXns\ ImWm
I gnbp w. A \v k q cy s\ Im Wm k m[ n m
Xpt]mse m\ Npnmh\v ]c{_
Zi\w kmya. {_w {]mX cq]amWv. kXy
ns eWhpw {]m\w Xs. acWapff
a\pjy\v {_m\w sImp {ItaW AacXzw
t\Sm\mhq. {_ kmmXv mcw e`nmepS Xs
khkwibfpw AIepp. kIe Ifpw
bnpp. lrZbnse Fm {KnIfpw XIcpp.
83. A\mXmw ]cnXyPy \nhnImtcm
PKXv nXu
GI\njvTXbmx x kwhnm{X] XXv
84. acp`qau Pew khw Nnm{Xw kz hnNmcX
85. eyeyaXnw Xyzm bkvXnjvtTXv
tIhem\m
inh Gh kzbw kmmZbw {_ hnZpax
86. A[njvTm\a\u]ayahmMv a\k tKmNcw
\nXyw hn`pw khKXw kpkqvaw
N X Zhybw
87. khit atlikyhnemtkm ln
at\m PKXv
kwbamkwbam`ymw N kwkmcx
imn a\zKmXv
kmwkvmcnI nXnbn \nhnImc `mhtmsS
A\m`mhw ssIhnv B ssNX\yn Xs
apgpIpI. {`am acp`qanbn ImWsSp Pew
 659

I tIhew qeambn ImWpXpt]mse Pm{KXv kz]v\ 95. Abw tkm l anZw X GXmh K
kpjp]vXymhI tN Cu kIe hnizmkhpw am{XIw a\x
B hnNn\m Nnbw Xssbv [cnWw. XZ`mh\ amt{XW Zmt{XtWh hneobtX
e y m e y _ p n s sI h n v t I h e w B
96. Onm{`aWvUew thymav\n bYm
\njvT\mbh\mWv t{ijvT m\nbpw inh kzcq]\pw.
icZn [qbtX
kwbaw sImpw AkwbawsImpw kmwkvmcnI
{]mWmw imamIpw. ImcWw, hnizw kh i\pw hmtX\ Iev]tIss\h XYm
alm\pamb {_ns at\mhnemkw Xs. B ]qbtX a\x
{_w A\p]ahpw hmnt\m a\nt\m AtKmNchpw 97. Iev] m]h\m hmp bmp
\nXyhpw hn`qhpw khhym]nbpw kqvamXnkqvahpw ssNIXz ahmx
Ahyb kzcqhpamWv. X]p ZzmZimZnXym \mkvan
88. at\mhymt[nInmap]mbw \n\ kXnx
IY bmantX 98. Akev]\amss{XI kmt[y
bZykzm`naXw hkvXp XXv XyP kIe knntZ
tamaiv\ ptX Akev]mZn km{amtPy
89. kzmbtImlnXw tkz]vk nX XnjvTmhjvS_v[ XXv ]Zx
XymK thZ\w 99. \ln NeXmlo\w a\x IzN\ ZriytX
bky ZpjvIcXmw bmXw [nw NeXzw at\m[tm ht [tm
]pcpj IoSIw btYmjv WXm
90. kz ]ucpssjIkmt[y\ tkz]vknX 100. Gjm ln Nem kv]iniv
XymKcq]nWm NnXz kwnXm
a\x{]iva amt{XW hn\m\mkvXn ip`mKXn. Xmw hnn am\kow iow PKZmUw
91. Akevt]\ ikvt{XW Onw _cmnImw
NnanZw bZm 101. bp NeXmln\mw Xt\m arXaapNytX
khw khKXw imw {_ XtZh N X]x imkv{Xknmttam
kw]ZytX XZm DNytX
92. `h `mh\bm aptm apx ]cabm[nbm 102. Xky NeXmssbjm Xz hnZym
[mcbmm\ahyt{Km {KkvXNnw NnXx]Zw hmk\mnIw
hmk\m]c\mav\ow Xmw hnNmtcW hn\mib.
at\mhym[n amm\pff amw Rm ]dpXcmw.
GtXXp e`nWsa B{KlnemtWm a\v Nns ]caamb ]ucpjam{ibnv iq\yXbn
NeamIpXv B hkvXp ]cnXyPnpIbmWv epdnv lrZbmImin [ym\npI. m\ N{I
tam {]m]vXnv Ffpamb amw kzmbh kvXp ns XovW [mcbn a\ns\ \nb{npI.
AXyw lnXIcampIbpw Ah XyPnm\m Atm ImamZnI \ns \nb{nm Ai\mIpw.
hmsX hcpIbpw sNp hyn IranXpey\pw \nnX \ntsXpw FtsXpapff `mh\bmWv a\ns
\pamWv . Xs A`ojvS hkv X p kz{]bXv\ m {]IrXn. Cu `mh\ XyPnm a\v kzbw \inpw.
XyPnmepmIp a\x imn sImt ]ca KXn icocn Nn`nfmIp taL iIe
DmIq. kev] cmlnXyamIp imkv{Xw Nns hmbphns XmU\m BImin hnebw {]m]n-
t O Z n p t m k h cq] \ pw A cy m anI am b pXpt]mse a\v iq\yXbn hnebnpp.
]cammhns\ {]m]nmw. AXn\m {]] hmk\ at\mclnX\mb hynv bmsXmcp lm\nbpan.
shSnv t{ijvT _pn tNcpI. a\ns\ \nb{nv kap{Z Hnncs, {]fbImehmXw ASns,
Nnm{X Nn\mIpI. ZzmZimZnXym Hcpanv I nsbcnbs. a\v
ASnbXn\v Hcp XIcmdpan. Fm knnIfpsSbpw
93. ]cw ]ucjam{inXy \oXzm NnaNnmw
DdhnSw kev] iq\yXbmWv. AXn\m kev]
[ym\tXm lrZbmImti NnXnNn{I[mcbm lo\\mhpI. AnbpsS [w NeXbmWv. Ne
94. at\m amcb \nxw Xzmw lrZbw ZrjvSnv tKmNcamIpp. Neamb kv]
{]_[v\n \mcmbx \ i nb m W v N n ns [ w. C u i n

N P

I {]ns AUw_camWv. NeXmclnXa\mWv
AarXw. AXp Xs X]v. imkv{Xw AXns\ tam
sav ]ddbpp. a\v NmeyamWv. AhnZy hmk\
AXns eWamIpp. Cu hmk\ i{XphmWv.
hmk\ \innphm\pff {iaamWv hnNmc ioemcpsS
Ihyn {][m\w.
103. ]ucptjW ]mbXvt\\ bkv\ nth
]tZa\x
tbmPytX XXv]Zw {]m]y \nhn
Ievt]m `hm\L
104. AXx]ucpjam{inXy Nn am{Iay tNXkm
hntimIw ]Zamew_y \ncmXxntcm `h
105. a\ Gh kaw ln a\tkm ZrV \n{Ktl
AcmPIx kax kym{Zmtm\n{Kl
IWn
106. XrjvW m{KmlKrloXm\mwkwkmcm
h]mXo\mw
Bhscqlyam\m\mw. Zqcw kza\
Gh \u
107. a\sskh a\ivOnXzm ]miw ]ca _\w
`hmZpcbmm\w \mkm ht\y\ XmcytX
A\L, GsXmcp m\v a\v ebnnWtam
B m\nsem ]ucpjmepw {]bXv\mepw
\nhnIev] kam[n {]m]npI, hnjbclnXamb
a\mWv at\m\n{Kln\v kaw. Hcp cmPmhnt\
asmcp cmPmhns\ Iogvs Spm Ignbq. Xrjv W
bmIp apXebpsS hmbn s]v kwkmc kmKcn\
sc ISm Aka\pw Npgenbn s]v kwkmc
kmKcn\sc ISm Aka\pw Npgenbn
s]v sRcpph\pw c \Im hnjbhnImc
iq\yamb a\pam{XamWv kaw. AXn\pam{Xta
A hs\ A scsb nphm Ignbq. C s\
Ignthdnb a\p aptJ\ tLmc_amb am\knI
]mis apdnWw. ]ns Cu kwkmc kmKcn
\nv IcIbdpI. ImcWw, thsdmn\pw \ns Cu
`h\micn \nv IcIbm\mhn.
108. bm tbmtZXn at\m\mav\n hmk\m
hmkoXmcm
Xmw Xmw ]cnltcXv {]mkvtXm
hnZymtbm`thXv
109. t`mssKIhmk\mw Xyzm XyP Xzw
t`Z `mh\mw
`mhm`mh\ XXkvXyzm\n
hnIev]x kpJo`h
N P
660
110. Gj Gh at\m\mikvXzhnZym\mi Gh N K
bXv kwthZytX Inn{Xmm]cn
\w
A\ssh ln \nhmWw ZpxJamm
]cn{Klx
111. AhnZymhnZyamss\h\jvS {]tmjp
ZriytX
\mavss\hmwKoIrXmImcmkayIv
{]kykmIqXx
112. XmhXv kwkmc `rKpjp kzm\m
kltZln\mw
BtmfbXn \oc{w ZpxJII imenjp
113. AhnZymbmhZkymkvXp t\mXv
]mbImcnWo
kzbammh temtIm taml
kwb ImcnWo
114. Akymx ]cw {]]iymymx kzm \mix
{]PmbtX
Zrjv tS khKtX tamt[ kzbw
tlyjm hneobtX
115. Cmam{XahntZybw Xmtcm tam DNytX
k Nmkev] amt{XW kntm
`hXn sshapt\
AxIcWs adp a\mIp hmk\
D mIptmsgmw Ah XyPn pI _pnams
IhyamWv. As\ sNbvX m AhnZybmIp
AImcakvXanpw. BZyw t`mKhmk\ ssIshSn
bpI. ]ns hmk\Isfbpw. `mhm`mhsfbpw XyPnv
hnIev] clnX\mbn kpJnam\mbn XocpI. at\m\miw
Xs AhnZym\miw a\km A\p`qX hnjbfn
B shSnbpI. Bm ]cnXbmKamWv apn.
Bsb B{ibnpI ZpxJIcamWv. m\nbn
AhnZymkv]ian. AhnZy Ahcn \nIepp.
{]mlo\cnte AXpffq. {]]amIpp. {`aPmew
ZpxJIIfm \ndXmWv. AXv \innmsX
tamN\an. B kmmXvImtc _ehmIpXp
hsc AhnZy icocs {`anemgv pw. ]cXXzw
Idnbptm Cu AhnZyambpw khm t_m[\w
e`nm AhnZy kzbw ambpp. AhnZym kzcq]amb
B{Klw \inpI FXmWv tamw. kev ]\miw
kw`hnmte C \inpIbpffq. asmcp hn[nepw
Cm\miw kw`hnpn.
116. a\mK]n at\mthymav \n hmk\m cP\o tb
IenIm X\pXmtaXn NnZmZnXy{]Imi\mXv
 661
I 117. ssNXym\p]mXclnXw kmamt\y\
N khKw
bnz a\mtJybw k Bm ctaizcx
118. kw N JeznZw {_\nXy
NnXv L\ aXw
Iev] \m \ym at\m\mav\o hnZytX
\ln ImN\
119. \ PmbtX \{anbtX InnZ{X PK{Xtb
\N `mhhnImcmWmw km IzmN\ hnZytX
120. tIhew tIhem`mkwkh kmam\yaXw
ssNXm\p]mXclnXw Nnm{Xanl hnZytX
121. XkvanntXyXtX ipt
Nnmt{X \ncp]{Zth
imt iakt`mtK\nhnImtcNnZm\n
122. ssbjm kz`mhm`naXw kzbw
kev]y [mhXn
NnssXyw kzbam\w a\\m DNytX
AXx kev] kntbw kevt ]ss\
h\iyXn
NnamIp BImin hmk\bmIp cm{Xn
IjbnpIbpw tNX\bmIp kqcy {]IminpIbpw
sNbvXmte IenbmIp AImcw ianpIbpffq.
Nnw hnjbkwKw shSnv khKmanbmbn Xocp
tm AXns Ah hyamm sRcpw.
AXpXsbmWv Ahybhpw \nXyhpw Nn{Zq]hpamb
{_w. {_abamb a\n asmcp kev] hpw
DmbncnpIbn. Cu temIn Bcpw P\np
n. Bcpw acnppan. CsXmw anYybmWv .
khhym]nbmbn, tIheambn Ahybambn B`mknp
Xpw Nn hnImcsf A \pKan m Xpamb
Nnm{Xmmhn\p am{Xta ChnsS AkvXnXzapffq. Cu
NnZmmhv \nXyhpw hym]Ihpw D]{Zh clnXhpw im
hpambn \nhnImc`mhn iacq]n \nesImffp
p. AXn kz`mhm\pkmtcW kev]nXamb Nnw
a\\w sNpXpsImv a\v F t] Inn.
123. \mlw {_tXn kev]mXv kpZrVmXv
_[ytXa\x
khw {_tXn kev]mXv
kpZrVm pNytX a\x
124. Irtim lw ZpxJ_tm lw lkvX
]mZmZn hm\lw
CXn `mhm\pcqt]W hyhlmtcW _[ytX
125. \mlw ZpxJo \ta tZtlm_xtIm
kymXv a\nnXx
CXn `mhm\p cqt]W hyhlmtcW apNytX
N P
126. \mlm amwkw \ Nmo\n tZlmZ\yx K
]tcmkva ylw
CXn \nnX hm\x oW
hntZym hnapNytX
127. Iev]ntXbahntZyba\ym `mh\mXv
]cw ]ucpjam{inXy bXv\mXv
]cma bm[nbm
t`mtKmw ZqcXkXyzm \nhnIev]x
kpJo `h
{_ kev]w sImp am{Xta kev] knamb
a\v \inpIbpffq.""Rm {_a'' F ZrVk
ev]m a\v kwkmcn IpSppp.AXn\p
]Icw ""khw {_w''F kev]w a\ns\ apam
pw. icoc NnsImpw {]m]nI Imcyfnse
{isImpamWv PohnI _\n s]SpXv.
icoc Nnmap\pw {]m]nI hnc\pamb Pohn
kZm hnap\mIpp. Xm amwkc \nnXamb
]mhbmsWp IcpXmsX `n `mh\ Iephs
AhnZy bnpp. Ah apn {]m]npp. A\m-
hkvXpfn B`mhw DmbncnpXp Xs-
bmWv AhnZym kev]w. AXn\p hn]coXambn A`ymk
sshcmKyfm _pn]qw t`mtK ASn \nhn
Iev]\mbn Xocph ]a kpJw {]m]npp.
129. aa]pt{Xm aa [\alw tkm b anZw aa
CXoban{Pmte\ hmkss\h hnhevKXn
130. am `hmtm`h, kvXzwPln
kwkmc `mh\mw
A\m\ym `mth\ Ina ChtcmZnjn
131. Ikv X hmbwPtUmaqtImtZtlm
amwkatbm ipNnx
bZw kpJ ZpxJm`ymahix ]cn`qbtk
132. Atlm\p Nn{Xw bXvk Xyw {_ XZv
hnkva rXw\rWmw
XnjvT XkvXh Imtcyjp am kvXp
cmKm\p cRvP\m
133. Atlm\p Nn{Xw ]Zvtam ss_m
kvX p`nc{Zbx
AhnZyam\m bm hnZym Xbm hnizw
Jneo IrXw
CZw XZz{PXmw bmXw XrWam{Xw PK{Xbw
C{Pmemset]mse \sf Fs aI,
Fs kzv, Rm, Ah,Ch, FtXv, \ntXv
XpSnb NnI \s {`annpp. Am\\m
ImsX kwkmcw {Klnv AXv ssI shSnbpI. A\m
hkvXpfn B `mhw AXv ssI shSnbpI. A\m

I hkvXpfn B `mhw Zinv IcbpXv aqVXz
amWv. Cu PU icocw \ns Bcpa. CsXmcp amwk
]nWvUw am{Xw. A]hn{X\pw aqIhpamb CXn\pthn
kpJ ZpxJ N{I N{In s]pgepsXn\v? ]caX
Xzamb {_w hnkvXcnv P\ tZlhebn s]pg
epXv AZv`pXw! apt\, Xm m\nbmbnocpI.
Ihy I\ncX\mbmepw a\ns\ I\ncX\m
bmepw a\ns\ I_ IepjamcpXv. Xmac
\qepIfm ]hXw XfbvsSpXpt]mse Cm
Am\m temIw Xfbvsncnpp. {_ tNX\bmbpamWv, t`Z`mhclnXamWv.
m\w h{Pns\mw inamWv. ]psmSnp
kam\amb {]]w XIm AXn\v Hcp {]bmk
hpan.
Amaymbw
1. E`q: AYm]cw {]hyman irWp XmX
bYm XYw
Am\ `qx k]vX]Zm `qx
k]vX] ssZhln
2. ]ZmcmWykwJym\n {]`hy
\yssYXtbmx
kzcq]mhnXnapnkvXZv {`wtim
lz thZ\w
3. ip km{X kwhnt kzcq]m
Nen tb
cmKtZzjm Ztbm `mhmkvtXjmw \m
Xz kw`hx
4. bx kzcq]]cn{`witXym NnXn a\w
GXkvamZ]tcm tamtlm \ `qtXm
\ `hnjyXn
5. AmZmcw Nnt bmXn at[y
Xp bmnXnx
km [zkvXa\\mImcm kzcq]nXn cpNytX
6. kwimkhkev] m bx inemhZh
nXnx ]cm
7. Almwti tX imt t`Z
\njv] NnXm
Almwti tX imt t`Z
\njv] NnXm
APUm bm {]NeXn XXvk zcq]anXocnXm
E`p ]dp:""]p{X asmv ]dbmw. tIq.
m\n\pw Am\n\pw Ggp `qanI hoXapv.
Ahp at[y av AkwJyw `qanIfpw Dv. Bm
hns kzcq]mhbmWv tamw. AXn \nv sXp
XmWv kmwkvImcnI PohnXw. ip {_ kzcq]n
N P
662
\npw hyXn Nenmhv Am\ P\yfmb
K
cmKtZzjmZn tZmj DmhpIbn. kzcq] hyXnN
e\w hv hmkbpsS ]pdsI t]mbn Nnn apgpIp
Xn ]cw A[nIamb tamlw DmIm\n. Hcp hnjb
n \nv asmntebvv IpXnp a\ns at[y
nXn sNpXns\bmWv NnmXoXamb Bkzcq]
{]m]vXnsbv ]dbpXv. kev] imambXn\p
tijw DmIp ]mdbvsm\ntSmhbmWv
Bmhns ]caamb kzcq]nXn. Cu kzcq] nXn
8. _oPPm{KYm Pm{KlmPm{KssYh N
Pm{KXv kz]v\ kvXYm kz]v\ kz]v\ Pm{KXv
kpjp]vX nIw
9. CXn k]vX hnt[m tamlx
]p\tcj ]ckv]cw
njvt Sm `hXyt\Im{Kyw irWp
eWaky Xp
10. {]Yaw tNX\w bXv kymZ\mJyw
\new NnXnx
`hnjyn PohmZn\mai_vZm `mP\w
11. _oP cq]nXw Pm{KXv _oPPm{KXv
kwnXnw irWp
12. \h {]kvXpXky ]cmZbw NmlanZw aa
CXn bx {]Xybx kz kvXXv Pm{KXv
{]mK `mh\mXv
13. Abw tkm lanZw X CXn Pm tcmZnXx
]ohcx {]Xybxt{]mtm alm
Pm{KXnXn kv#pSw
14. BcqVaYhmcqVmw khYm XmIw
bXv Pm{KtXm at\m cmPyw XXv Pm{KXv
kz]v\ DNytX.
tamlw Ggphn[nepv . 1. _oPPm{KZh.
2. Pm{KZh, 3. almPm{KZh, 4. Pm{KXv kz]v\
h, 6. kz]v\ Pm{KZh, 7. kpjp]vX mh, Ch
]ckv]cw tbmPnv hnhn[ cq]amWv. AhbpsS {]tXyI
eWw ]dbmw. _oPPm{KZhsbp ]dbpXv
\maclnXhpw, hnImclo\hp, ssNX\ymIhpw,
Nnw, Poh XpSnb \ma i_vZ mtfmSp
IqSnbXpamb AhbmWv CXv . mXmhns
\ho\mhbt{X. ]noSv Pm{KZh P\n DSs\
Xs Hcp hynv Xsbpffn FtsXpw
\ntsXpapff `mhw DmIpp. CXv AXncn
`mh\Ivapv DmIppv. almPm{KZhbn
"" CXv AXmWv '' ""Rm CXIpp'' ""Cu hkvX p
FtXmWv'' XpSnb ]qhmPnX kwkvImc ^eamb

I `mh\I DmIpp. \mematXv Pm{KXv kz]v\mh
AXns cq] cqVm cqVhpw at\mabhpamb krjvSn
bt{X.
15. ZznN{ipnImcq]yarKXrjvW mZn
ZZXx A`ymkw
{]m]y Pm{KXv kz]vt\m \m\
hnt[m `thXv
16. Aev] Imew abm ZrjvS taXtmtZXnb
{X ln
]cmaix {]_pky k kz]v\ CXv IYytX
17. Nncw ki\m`mhmXv A{]^pmw
_rlZzNx
NncImem\p hrn kvXp kz]vt\m
Pm{KZn thmZnXx
18. kz]v\Pm{KZnXn t{]mw Pm{KXy]n
]cnkv^ptcXv
jUhm]cnXymtKm PUm Pohky
bm nXnx
19. `hnjy ZpxJ t_m[mVym kujp]vXnx
tkmNytXKXn
PKkymambmakvX akn eobtX
20. k]vX mhm Camx t{]mmabm
m\ky sshZznP
GssIIm iX kwJym {X \m\mhn`h
cq]nWo
21. Camw kp]vX]Zmw m\
`qanamIbm\L
\m\bm mXbm `qtbm taml]t
\naXn
Hcp N{s m\v cp N{\ps tXm
epw, Nnnbn shffnbpsS {]XoXnbp,acoNnIbn
Pe{]XoXnbpw DmIpXp t]mse A[ymkm
Pm{KXv kz]v\ ]e hn[nepmIpp. Ddn
ImWp ImgvN ]ns ImWmXncnpIbpw DW
tijw B Zriyns kvarXn am{Xw _mn \np
Ibpw sNpIbmsWn AXn\v kz]v\w Fpt].
Gsdt\cw ImWmXn\m sXfnp \nmXpw
DWmepw Hmbn Gsd \op \npXpw
Pm{KZhbnsetmWw ImWmsSpXns\ kz]v\
Pm{KXv Fp]dbpp. Cu Ggp AhIsfbpw XcWw
sNbvXv PUmImhbn ebnv `mhn ZpxJ t_m[
tmsS Poh Ccnp kpjp]vX nbmIp Cu
Ahbn hnizw BcnIamb AImcn
ebnpp. m\ns Ggp kz]v\ mhIsf
nbmWv Rm ]dXv. CXn Hmtcm Ahbpw
N P
663
hn`nmhIfpsS cq]n [cnpp. m\ K
kw_nbmb kz]v\mhsbn C\n ]dbmw. AXdn
m a\pjy tam]n ]Xnm\nSbn.
22. hZn _lpt`Z\ hmZnt\mtbmK `qanImx
aa Xym`naXm \q\manam Gh ip`v {]Zmx
23. Aht_m[w hnZpPRm\w XZnZw
km]vX `qanIw
apnkvXp tbanXypm `qanIm
k]vXImXv]cw
24. m\`qanx ipt`mJym {]Yam
kapZm lrXm
hnNmcWm ZznXobm Xp XrXobm X\p am\ko
25. kXzm]nx NXpo kymtXm
kwkn\manIm
]Zm`mh\m jjvTo k]vXao
XpcpKm kvarXm
m\nI ]dbpXv tbmK `qanIv At\Iw
t`Z DsmWv. Ahbn k]vX`qanIsf am{XamWv
Rm Ghpw awKfImcnIfmbn IcpXpXv. k]vX
`qanIfm {]ISamIp Aht_m[w XsbmWv m
\sav ]dbsSpXv. Cu `qanIp tijw Dm
Ip apnbmWv tbw Fv ]dbsSpXv .
Hmas m\`qanbpsS t]cv "ipt`'sbmWv;
cmas "hnNmcW;' aqmatXv "X\pam\kn;'
\mematXv "kzm]n;' AmatXv Akw
kn; BdmatXv ]Z`mh\; GgmatXv XpcyKm
FpamIpp.
26. Bkmax nXn apnbkymw
`qtbm \ timNXn
GXmkmw `qanIm\mw Xzw CZw
\nhN\w irWp
27. nXx Inw aqV Ghmkvan t{]t lw
imkv{Xkss\
sshcmKy ]qh antXn ipt`tXyp
NytX _pss[x
28. imkv{Xk\ksshcmKym
`ymk ]qhIw
kZmNmc{]hrnbm t{]mNytX
km hnNmcWm
29. hnNmcWmipt`m `yman{nbm
tjp cXm
b{X km X\pXmtaXnt{]mNytX X\pam\ko
30. `qanIm{XnXbm`ymkmXvN ntXp
hnctX himXv
 664

I kzm\nntX iptkzm 36. tb \nZmL alm`mKmx k]vX aow K

]ncpZmlrXm
31. Zim NXpjvSbm`ym kmZkwk
Iem Xp bm
cqVkXzNaXvI mcmt{]mm
kwkn \manIm
32. `qanIm ]Im`ymkmXv kzmm
cmaXbm ZrVw
B`ycmWmw _mlym\mw ]Zm\ma
`mh\mXv
33. ]c{]bpt\ {]bXvt\\mh t_m[\w
]Zm`mh\mw \ma jjvT o`hXn `qanIm
34. `qanjSvI Nncm`ymkmXv t`Zkym\p
]ew`\mXv
bXv kz`msshI\njvT Xzw km tbm
XpcyKmKXn
35. GjmlnPohptjpXpcym
htXn hnZytX
hntZl apn hnjbw XpcymXoX aXx]cw
GXn apgpIptm hopw ZpxJntnhcp
n.B apn ChbpsS Dffn nXnsNpp.
`qanbpsS \nhN\w ]dbmw. sshcmKy[mcWn\p
appXs {]m]nIamb ambmPmetmSv sshapJy
hpw imkv{XmZnIfn B`napJyhpw t{ijvT Ifn
Bknbpw DmIpp. AXns\ m\nI "ipt`'
Fp]dbpp. AtXpSv k\ kwkhpw
imkv{Xm[ymb\m A`ymk sshcmKytfmSpIqSnb
BNcWfp t\sc Xmev] cyhpw DmIpp.
AXmWv hnNmcW. Cu Ah bnseptm
hnjbmkn Npcppp. Cu Ahbvv X\pam
\kn Fp ]dbpp.Cu aqp `qanIfpsSbpw A`ymkw
]qamIptm sshcmKym Nnw ip kXz
kzcq]n \nesImffpp. Cu Ahbvv "kXzm
] n' F p]dbpp. Cu `qanIsfmw icn v
A`yknXn\p tijw kXzn cqUamb a\v
GsXmcp kwklo\amb Iesb {]m]npp.
AXpXsbmWv "Akwkn' Cu Ap `qhnI
IfpsSbpw A`ymkw ]qambm BcmamXzw
{]3]npXn\m _mlym`yc ]ZmfpsS
`mh\ \inptm ]c{]bXv \ ]Zmsf
`mh\ sNpIbmsWn AXn\v ]Zm `mh\sbv
t] ]dbmw. Cu Ap `qanIIfpw A`yknp Ign
m t`Z_pn \inpw; km[I B `mhn
GI\njvT\mIpw. CXmWv "XpcyKm' F Ah. Cu
Ah Pohmt ssIhcpIbpffq. AXn\p
tijw hntZl apn F Xpcobmh ssIhcpp.
`qan am{inXm
Bmcmam almm\akvtX
alXv ]ZamKXm
37. Pohpm \ an kpJ ZpxJc
k ntX
{]IrtX\mY ImtcyW InwNnXv Iphn
hm \ hm
38. ]miz _m[nXm kx ]qhmNmc
{IamKXw
BNmcamNmctyh kp]vX_ph ZpnXmx
39. `qanImk]vXIw ssNXXv[oaXm
tah tKmNcw
{]m]ym\Zim taXmw ]ip tmZ
tbm ]n tb
40. ktZlm hm]ytZlm hm tX apmx
\m{X kwibx
]vX n ln {Kn hntZkvXkvan
kXn hnapXmx
tl \nZmL, Ggmas XpcyKmh {]m]nm
alm `mKyhmmt km[nq. Ah Bmcmamcma
mcmWv. kpJ ZpxJm\p`hfn \npw \ntjw
AIv Pohpcmb almmcmWv Cu alXv ]Zw
{]m]nnpffXv. I\ncXscnepw Ah AXn \nv
AIncnpp. kvt\lnXm DWptm a\p
jy Ddn FgptpXpt]mse Ah I
Xev]ccmIpp. AXnta[mhnIt k]vX `qanIIfpw
tKmNcamIq. arKmZnIfpw Cu m\ `qansb {]m]npI
bmsWn icoctmSp IqSntbm IqSmsXtbm ap
cmbn `hnpp. m\saXv lrZb {KnIfpsS
DXv L mS\amWv . m\ e_v [ nbm apnbpsS
e_v[nbpw km[npp.
41. arKXrjvWmw _p_pym`nimn
am{XmI kvXzku
tbXp Xp tamlmhomkvssXx
{]m]vXw ]caw ]Zw
42. tXnXm `qanIm kzmkq
kzmem` ]cmbWmx
a\x{]iat\m]mtbm tbmK CXy`n[obtX
43. k]vX `qanx k hntbx IYn
XmkvX m `qanImx
GXmkmw `qanIm\mw Xp Kayw
{_m`n[w ]Zw
44. Xzzm lmXzm b{X ]cXm
\mkvXn ImN\
\IzNnXv `mhIe\m \ `mhm`mh tKmNcm

N P

I 45. khw imw \ncmew_w thymaw
imizXw inhw
A\maba\m`k a\maI aImcWw
46. \ kmk a[ymw \ khw
kh tah N
at\mh tNm`nc{Kmlyw. ]qmXv ]qw
kpJmXv kpJw
47. AkwtXZ\amimamthZ\ amXXw
km kh ]Zmm\mw \m\ym
kwthZ\m ZrtX
t_m[iq\yXbmIp ISen \nv IcIbdnbh
p am{Xta ]ca ]Zw e`nq. acoNnIbn Pe {`mn
t]mse A\mXXzn B _pnbpmIpp.
CXmWv AhnZy. Cu AhnZym\miamWv apn. Bkm
mXvImcw e`nm\pff {]bXv\n apgpInbncnp
h am{Xta Cu `qanIfn kcnppffq. a\xm
npff ]qamamWv tbmKw. tbmKns k]vX
`qanII hnhcntm. Cu `qanIIfpsS DtZiw
{_]Z{]m]vXnbmWv. {_la]Zn FtXv, \ntXv
A\ytXv F t`Zan. Atm `Khnbpw C.
`mhmI _pn tijnpn. {]m]nI ]Zm
fpsS \ne\nev]v BkwthZ\w am{XamWv. AXn
\nv `nambnsmpan. Cuizc imiz\pw, tZmjc
lnX\pw, \ncmew_\pw, ImcWclnX\pw, A\nhN\o
b\pw, kZkXvhnclnX\pw, a[ym lo\\pw, Akq
\pw, kq\pw at\mhmWnIv AKay\pw,
]q im\pw, kpJkzcq]\pw, BkmmXvImc
cq]n hym]nncnp ]c{_hpamsWv a\n
empI.
48. kw_t{ZjvSr Ziym\mw at[y ZrjvSn
ln bZz]px
{ZjvSr Zi\ ZriymZn hnXw XZnZw ]Zw
49. tZimtiw KtX Nntat[ybt
Xtkm h]px
APmUy kwhn\\w Xtbm `h khZm
50. APm{Kkz]v\\n{Zky bt cq]w k\mX\w
AtNX\w NmPUw N Xtbm `h khZm
51. PUXmwhPbnssXzIm inebm
lrZbw ln XXv
Aa\kvI kzcq]w btbm `h khZm
Nnw Zqtc ]cnXyPy tbm kn tkm
kn ntcm`h
52. ]qhw a\x kapZnXw ]camXzm
t\mXXw PKZnZw khnIev] Pmew
N P
665
iqt\y\ iq\ya]n hn{]bYmw _tcW K
\neXzapkXn NmcpXXcm`n[m\w
53. kev] kwibhimXv KentXXp Nnt
kwkmc tamlanlnIm KfnXm `hn
kz hn`mXn icZoh JamKXmbmw
Nnm{XtaIaPamZya\ax
Zriyw, ZrjvSmhv FnhtbmSv _sncnpXpw
a[y`mKmbn ImWp ZrjvSn kzcq]hpw {ZjvSmhn\pw
Zriyn\pw Zi\n\pw `nambn kmmXvImc
cq]n \nesImffpXpamWv B ]ca]Zw. HcnSp
\npw asmcnStp IpXnp Nnns a[y`m
Kv m\cq]amb XXzn\o hnebnpI.
k\mX\ {_ns kzcq]w Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp
]vXnIpw BXoXhpw PUtNX\m iq\yhpamWv. \o
AXn eo\\mIpI. PUXzw ]mjmW cq]amWv. AXp
XyPnm a\kvI nXn ssIhcnpI. Nns
Zqsc ]cnXyPnv e`npXmWv kzoImcyw. AXn Ddp
\npI. ]camXXzn \nv BZyw a\pmbn.
a\ns hnIev] cq]amWv Cu {]Xy {]]w.
{_w iq\ytm iq\yamWv. iq\yamb BImi
n \nmWtm at\mlc \oena {]XysSpXv.
AXpt]mse {_n \npw NnhrnIfp-
mIpp.kev] \miw hcptm NnhrnI
DcpIpp. AXns ^eambn {]]tamlamIp aqS
apw DcpIntmIpp. Atm AXv icXvImeKa
nse \nemImiw t]mse PclnXhpw kIe
PohnIfpsSbpw BZnbpw Ahpw A\hpamb
Nnmbn {]tim`npp.
54. AIrIacwKw N KKt\ Nn{X apnXw
A{ZjvSpIw kzm\p`ha\n{Zkz]v\ Zi\w
55. kmo `qtX kta kzt \nhnIevt]
NnZm\n
\ncnw {]Xn_nw_n PKn apIptc bYm
56. GIw {_ NnZmImiw khmI
a JWvU nXw
CXn `mhb bt\\ tNXmey imtb
57. tctJm]tcJmhenXm bssYIm ]ohco inem
XYm ss{XtemIy henXw {_ssI
anl ZriyXmw
58. ZznXobImcWm`mhm Z\pev] anZw PKXv
mXw mXhya[p\m ZrjvSw
ZrjvS hyapXw
59. hn{imtm kvan Nncw imnm{Xm
mkvXnIn\
]iyhn{im ktlw hnKXmtij
IuXpIw

I AcKwtam AIrIambpw Cm BImin
Hcp Nn{Xw Dbcpp. AXv ImWm\mfn. Ddnem
bmepw DWhnembmepw AXv ImWm\pw km[ya.
AXpt]mse kakz \nhnImc kmn cq]hpw
ZWw t]mse \nehpamb NnZmmen aqp
temIfpw CmclnXambns {]Xn^enpp.
{_w kh cq]hpw NnZmImi kzcq]hpw AJWvUhpw
GIhpamWv. XSn inebn tcJI hcncnpXp
t]mse {_sbpw ImWpI. Hcp ImcWw ]dbm
\nmXn\m Cu {]]n\v Dev]n Dmbnn. tNhcpw sshcmKy_em {]m]nI hmk\I
Nnm{XamsX thsdsbmpan. Nnm{Xs am{Xw
ZinpI. Rm AdntbXv ]dp. ImtWXv
Ip. {im\mb Rm C\n hn{ians.
60. \nckvX Iev]\m PmeaNnzXzw ]cw ]Zw
X Gh `qXamw {]m]vXmx kwimm
tij Inev _njmx
61. alm[nbx im[ntbm tb bmXm
hna\kvI Xmw
Ptmx IrX hnNmcky hnKeZv
hrn tNXkx
62. a\\w XyPtXm \nXyw InnXv
]cnWXw a\x
Zriyw kyPtXm tlbap]mtZb apt]bpj
63. {ZjvSmcw ]iytXm \nXyaZrjvSmca ]iyXx
hnmXthy ]tc Xtz
PmKcpIky PohnXw
64. kp]vX ky L\ktaml atb
kwkmc h\n
AXy ]Iz sshcmKymZctkjp ctkjz]n
65. kwkmc hmk\mPmte JKPme Chm[p\m
t{XmSntX lrZb{Ku ttY
sshcmKy cwlkm
66. ImXIw ^eamkmZy bYm hmcn {]koZXn
XYm hnm\hiXx kz`mhx kw{]koZXn
67. \ncmKw \ncp]mkwKw \nZzw \ncp]m{ibw
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 669

I m\nIfpsS a\v \inpp. Ah a\ns\ 110. hnZym kw{]m]ytX {_ K

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131. IzNnXv{]IrXncnXypcvXw IzNnamtbXn
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I 134. Nnm\einJmZKv[w tIm]mPmKcN
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141. tI Nn atl{aebklyactachx
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mn\m hpgpsv ImaamIp kap{Znse
Npgnbnsncnpp. AXv Xs ]nXmal\mb
Bhns\tmepw hnkva cnp. AXn\m BZyw
AXns\ DcnpI. Pohnsb B{ibnp At\Iw
`mh esa tImSnWn\v t`Zfn
{_m kev]nXmambn DmIpp. AcphnIfn
PeIWsftmWw CXv `mhnbnepw DmIpw. Nne
`mh At\I iXw XhW Dmbn cpw aqpw
XhW P\nhbpw C\n P\nm t]mIphbpw Dv.
N P
671
Ah hn`n\ma cq] tNhbmWv. NneXv kqcy, K
N{ lcn, inh hcpW, {_mhv XpSnb cq]
fnemsWn NneXv b Inc K hmZnIfpsS
cq]nemWv NneXv {_mW {Xnb sshiy iq{ZmZn
\ma tNhbpamWv. NneXv ]\, ]ne, ISv,
\mcIw, ]pv, hrw thcv, Ce, Imbv Fnhbmbn-
op. NneXv hn`n ]hXfpsS cq]nepamWv.
tacp, aebw, acw, atl{w, kly Fo \mafn
NneXv AdnbsSpp. NneXv kap{Zcq]nepw NneXv
]mev, s\v Icnn \ocv Fo cq]nepw nXn
sNpp. NneXv ZnpIfpsS t] [cnp. NneXv
Hgppff \ZnIfpsS th [cnp. ASnp Xmgvnbmepw
]v tatemv s]mpXpt]mse NneXns\ arXyp
hopw hopw XmUnpp. F{Xtbm t] BIm-
intepbXn\ptijw Iotgmp ]Xnpp.
144. ]Xn tINnZ _p[mx kw{]m]ym]n
hnthIXmw
ZnmemZy\hnamXXzw kz in Xx
145. {ioessbh bZmZt ZnmeIenXw h]px
XtZh Poh]cymb hmk\mthiXx ]cw
146. a\xkZytX temew Ie\m Iet\mpJw
Imeo a\xincmZu `mhbXnWmXv
147. BImi_mh\mamw i_vZ _oP
ctkm\apJo
XXkvXZvL\Xmw bmXw kv] i_oP
ctkmpJw
148. `mhbXy\nekv]w kv] i_oP
ctkmpJw
Xm`ymamImi hmXm`ymw ZrVm`ymk
himXx
149. i_vZ kv]i kzcq]m`yw kwL
jm\y tX \ex
cq]Xm{X klnXw {Xn`nkvssXx
k l knXw
150. a\kvXmZrKv KpW KXw at\m
`mhbn WmXv
KXm{XtaXkvamZv `qankwthn
tXm `thXv
151. XXkvXmZrKv KpW KXw at\m
`mhbXn WmXv
KXm{XtaXkvamZv `qan
kwhntXm `thXv
152. AtYw `qXXm{XthjvSnXw
X\pXmw PlXv
h]qahn IWmImcw kv^pcnXw
thymav\n ]iyXn

I ZnpI Imew FnhbpsS {]`mhnepw kz
insImpw BXXzw tZlw [cnptm AXp
Xs hk\mhim kev] fntep t]mIp
Ne a\ns cq]w sImpp. kev]bpamb
Cu a\xin Wn kzamb BImi `mh\
tbmsS Db \nebnemIpp. AXn i_vZ _oP
ns Apcw DmIpp. ]ns a\p XsbmWv
L\o`qXambn kz]\{Iam hmbp kv]\ `mh
n canpXv. AXn kv]i _oPns Apc
apmIpp. ]ns ZrVm`ymkm i_vZkv ]i
cq]amb BImihpw hmbp kwLjm Anbpw
DIpp. Ancq]w Xm{Xm kwtbmKm {XnKp
WmXvaIamIp {XnKpWmIamb a\v ckXm{Xsb
`mh\ sNpp. Atm AXv Pens ioXfkz
`mhw Nnnv Pehpambn XmZmyw {]m]npp. ]noSv
AXv NXpKpWamIpp. K\[ Xm{Xabambn AXv
]rYznsb A\p`hnm XpSpp. Cs\ Av
X\am{XItfmSpw IqSn AXv Xs kqva XXzw shSnv
BImin An kv^ pnwKfpsS cq]n
{]Iminp. icocs Zinpp.
153. AlmcIembpw _pn_oP ka\znXw
XXv]pcyjvSIanXyw `qXlrZv] jSv]Zw
154. Xkva owkvXp Xo{hkwthKmXv `mh
bZv `mkpcw h]px
qemtaXn ]mtI\ at\m
hnIev]^ew bYm
155. aqjm {ZpXtlam`w kv^pcnXx
hnaemw_tc
knthi aXmZt Xt Px kz kz`mhnX
156. Du[zw incx]nWvUab a[x ]mZabw XYm
]miztbm lkvX kwm\w
at[ytNmZw [nWw
157. Imtem\ kv^pStXmtaXy `hXyae hn{Klw
_pnkvz _temmlhnmss\
izcy kwnXx
158. k Gh `Khm {_m khtemI
]nXmalx
AhtemIy h]p {_m Imamo
b apaw
icocw XsbmWv Almcbphpw _pn_oP
bphpamb ]pcyjvSIw Fv ]dbsSpXv. AXv
PohnIfpsS lrZb Iaen Idnsmncnp
hns\tmsebmWv . thhnptm Iqhfmbv
qeambnocpXpt]mse B kqva icocn
Xo{hhpw kwth\mIhpamb icoc`mh\bpmbm
AXv qeambn Xocpp. B tXPv kzmImin
N P
672
K
aqibn sh kzw t]mse Xnfpp. AXv apIfn
incpt]msebpw Xmsg]mZ t]msebpw ]m-
izfn `pP t]msebpw a[y`mKv hbdpt]mse
bpw Ccnpp. Cs\ AXv ]q icocw {]m]np
p. B icocw XsbmWv _pn _ew hocyw Dmlw
hnm\w ssh`hw Ch tNv temI]nXmal\mb
{_mhmbn cq]w sImffpXv.
159. Nnmat`yXy `Khm {XnImemae Zi\x
GXkvan ]camImti Nnm
ss{XIm cq]nWn
160. AZrjvS]mc]cyt {]Yaw Inw `thZnXn
CXn NnnXhm {_m ktZymPm
Xmaem \rIv
161. A]iyXv kzhrm\n kaXoXm\y t\Iix
kvacXytYm k kIem kh [
KpW {IamXv
162. eoebm Iev]bmamk Nn{Xx
kev]nXx {]Pm
\m\mNmckamcwt`m Kh \Kcw bYm
163. Xmkw kzm]hmw [
Imam kntb
A\m\n hnNn{XmWn imkv{XmWn
ka Iev]bXv
164. hncnncq]mkx Iev]nX XzmXv
PKXv kvXntXx
Cs {]Xys {_mhv `qX `hnjy Zz
am\ {]Xyn ImWph\mWv. Atlw Xs
kpccq]w Iv Cu Nnm{XamIp ]camImin\v
BZnbpw Ahpw Csv hnNmcnp. CXn BZytXv
Fsv Nnntm Atlns B Npv
ssNX\yabambn AXoX Ime Zriyambn. At\Iw
kz ImWsp. AtXmsS Atln\v kh
[fpsSbpw KpWfpsSbpw {Iaw Hmnm
Ignp. ]ns ]e hn[nepff {]PIsf krjvSnp.
AhcpsS [m Imatam hnNn{X ]Zm
sfbpw imkv { Xsfbp kz\cImZnIsfbpw
kev] np. Cu a\p XsbmWv {_ cq]w. Fp
sImsm `mh\bm {]] nXambXn\m
{_mhns PohnXtmsSmw Xs CXns PohnXhpw
cq]wsImpw {_mhns PohnXtmsSmw Xs
CXns PohnXhpw cq]w sImpw {_mhns Bbpv
\inptm a\pw \inpp.
165. \ PmbtX \ {]nbtX Iz NnXv
InnXv IZmNu
]camt\ hnt{]anYym khw
Xp ZriytX

I 166. tImiamim`qPwKm\mw kwkmcm
Uw_cw XyP
AktZXZnXn mXzm amXr`mhw \nthib
167. Kh\Kckymt ZqjntX ZqjntX XYm
AhnZymw ti kpXm Zuhm Ix {Iamx
kpJ ZpxJtbm
168. [\Zmtcjp hrtjp ZxJbpw \ XpjvSXm
hrbmw taml ambmbmw Ix
kaizmkhm\nlm
169. ssb tch PmbtX cmtKmaq
J\ym[nbXmw KssXx
ssXtch `mssKx {]mky hncmK
D]PmbtX
{_ bYmn Bcpw acnpn. P\np- m\nI In en]vXcmbncpn. _pnsb
pan. CumWpsXmw anYybmWv. Cu kmcm-
Uw_cw Bim`pPwKfpsS C cnnSamWv . C Xv
ssIshSnbpI. CXv AkmWdnv amXE`mhn
{]thinpI. K\h\Kcw Fs\sbnepambncn
s, AXv \nmcamWv. AXpt]mse AhnZymwKfmb
`mcym]p{XmZnIfpw XpSamWv. AXn\m Ahsbn
Nnnt. [\w k{Xn Fnhsbmw {]]w Xs.
AhbpsS hrn ZpxJIcamWv. CXn ktmjnpXv.
\ncas{X. tamlambIfn Bpw kpJtam
imntbm Innbn. Am\nI kpJ{]Zsap-
tXmp hkvXp m\nI shdppp.
170. AtXm \nZmL XXz
hyhlmtcjvT kwkrtXx
\jvSw \jvSapt] kz {]m]vXw
{]m]vX ap]mlc
171. A\mKXm\mwt`mKm\mahmRvO\ aIr{Xnaw
BKXm\mw N kwt`mK CXn
]WvUnX eWw
172. ipw k Z ktZma[yw ]Zw
_p[zmhew_y N
\ Xky en]ytX {]m ] ]{X
anhmw _p`nx
173. bky tNmXz\nmkymXv ky IWn
XnjvTXx
\ Xky en]ytX {]m ] ]{X
anhmw _pZnx
174. bZntXt\{nbm{io kv] tX
lrZn sshZznP
XZm hnmX hntbm kapotm
`hmhmXv
N P
673
175. Dssx ]Zmb ]cbm {]bm K
hmk\m KWmXv
XmhXv ncnbwt{]mm Xmti\m
iam]v\pbmXv
AXpsImv \nZmL, XXzm\nbmb \o {]m]
nI hyhlmcfn GsXmw \jvSsSppthm Ah
B{KlncpXv. kzbw Inph kzoIcnmw. {]m]vX
fmb t`mK bYmhn[n kzoIcnmw. A{]m]y
B{KlnmXncnpI. CXmWv ]WvU nX eWw
kZkpp at[y \nesImffp ip]Zsn
Adnhpt\Sn AXv Ahew_npI. _mlym`cZriy
XyPnptbm {KlnmXncnpItbm sNpI.
shffnse Xmac AXpambn _sSpn. AXp
t]mse Cm\nI kam\ambn IcpXn PohnpI.
AXn en]vXamn. lrZbn C{nb hn^e
kv]npnsn AdntbImcyfdnv kwkmc
kmKcw XcWw sNpI. t`mKhnjbfmIp ]q
fpsS Kw FSpp IgXn\ptijw AXn \npw
Nnhrnsb amn hnm Db ]Zw e`nm
Ignbpw.
176. kwkmcmw_p\n[makvan hmk\mw
_p]ctX
tb {]m \maamcqVmkv t X Xomx
]WvUnXmx]tc
177. \XyPn \ hmRvOn hyhlmcw PKZvKXw
khtahm\pht ]cmhc hntZmP\mx
178. A\kym XXzaky km
kmam\y cq]nWx
Nn{XtXmpJXzw XXv
kev]mpcw hnZpx
179. teiXx {]m]vXkmI k Gh J\Xmw
iss\x
bmXn NnXzam]qcy ZrVm
PmUymb taLhXv
180. `mhbn NnXnivs sXyw
hyXncn anhm\x
kev]Xm anhmbmXn _oPapcXmanh
181. kev]\w ln kev] kzbtah {]PmbtX
htX kzbtahmip ZpxJmb \
kpJmb XXv
kwkmcamIp kmKcw t`mtK Pe ]cnXamWv.
{]bmIp tXmWnbn Ibdnb ]WvUnXm Cu
kmKcw XcWw sNbvXp. {]]sn Adnh
{]m]nI hyhlmcfn B{Klw {]ISnnpItbm

I Ah ssI hnSpItbm sNpn. Ah kIeXn\pw
A\mkcmbncnpw kev]ns Apcw B
XXzssNX\yns hnjbm`napJamb {]bmWamWv.
ImcWw kev]w {ItaW ZrVambnocpp. Atm
Ahbm adbvsp PUXzw {]m]np _oPw Ap
cmhbnsepp; tNX\ hnjbfn \npw`n
sap IcpXn kev ] cq]n \nesImffpp.
kev]n AXns {]h\w kpJ{]Za; ZpxJw
\IpXmWv.
182. am kev]b kev]w am `mhw
`mhb nXu
kev]\mti\ btXm \ `qtbm\\p KNvOXn
183. `mh\m `mhamt{XW kev]x
obtX kzbw
kevt ]ss\h kev]w
a\sskh at\mapt\
184. OnXzm kzm\nXnjp Xzw IntaXm
hXn ZpjvIcw
bssYthZw \`x iq\y PKXv iq\yw
XssYh ln
185. X_peyky bYm N bYm Xm{aky Imfnam
\iyXn {Inbbm hn{] ]pcpjky XYm aew
186. Pohky XWvUe tkyh aew klPa]yew
\iytXyh \ ktlkvX kvam
ZptcymKhm `thXv
AXn\m NnnepmIp kev] {Inbsb
XSbpI. Hcp ]t kev] w Dmbmepw AXn
]Zm `mh\ AcpXv. ImcWw kev]w \innp
hm Ddh AXns\ {InbmIamphm A\p
hZnpIbn. `mh\ \inm kev ]hpw \inpw.
a\psImv a\ns\ PbnpI. kev ] m
kev]s PbnpI. Cs\ Bkzcq]n
nXnsNm {ianpI. BImisatmWw Cu {]]
hpw iq\yamIpp. sNns mhpw s\ns Danbpw
{ianm amm IgnbpXpt]mse a\pjys amen\y
tZmj {InbsImv AIm Ignbpw. kwibnm
\n. AXn\m kZm bXv\ ]c\mIpI.
Bdma[ymbw
1. Acmw ]cnXyPy `mh{inw `mh\mabnw
tbm kn.tkm kn. PKXykvan
eoebm hnlcm\L
2. kh{Xml aItXn ZrV
`mh\bmkva bm
]camarX\mav\o km kassX hm h injytX
N P
674
3. tJtZmmk hnemtkjp kzm K
IrX ssbIbm
kzkevt] bw bmtX kassX hm
h injytX
4. kaXm kh`mthjp bm ku
kXy ]cmnXnx
Xkyma\nXw Nnw \ `qtbm
P`mKv `thXv
5. AYhm kh IrXz aIrXzw
N ssh apt\
khw Xyzm a\x ]oXzm tbm kn
tkm kn ntcm`h
6. tijnc kam[mt\m tb\ XyPkn
XXv XyP
Nn\x Ie\mImcw {]Imi Xnancm ZnIw
7. hmk\mw hmknXmcw N {]im [ox
8. lrZbmXv kw]cnXyPy
khhmku ]wbx
bkvXnjvTXn KXhy{Kx kapx ]ctaizcx
9. ZrjvS m {`jvShyaJnew {`mw
{`mym ZntimZi
bpym ssh NctXm ky
kwkmtcm ZntimZi
bpym h NctXm ky kwkmtcm
tKmjv] ZmIrXnx
10. k_mlym`ytc tZtl ly[ Du[zw
N `np N
CX Bm XtXm ]ym \m kvXy\m
abw PKXv.
tl A\L, Acmh, `mh\mkv Ch
ssIhnv Xs bYm cq]n {]]n bm{X
XpScpI. kh{X AImhmIpI. Cs\bmbm
AarXmIamb kaX t\Smw. tJZw, Dmkw, hnemkw,
Ch a\pjy \nnXamWv. CXp a\nemnbm
kaXtb AhtijnpIbpffq. kaXbpsS bYmm
h {Klnv Ignm P\acWImcWw Xs
Ahkm\npp. Ihym Ihy XyPnv
a\v ]Tnv bY m cq]n \nesImffpI.
Ahkm\w kIeXpw ssIhnv kam[n\mIpI.
tNX\ XsbmWv {]Imikzcq]w. AXpXs A
ImcambnocpXpw. ImcWw, am\knI kev] w
hlnpXv AXmWv. AXn\m t`mtKv ImcWamb
hkv X pXI kaqew XyPnv BImistmse
k z h p w im h p am b N n t m s S I g nbp I .
lrZb]qhw kIe t`mtKIfpw XyPnv a\n

I hymIpeXbvnSsImSpmsX IgnbpI. As\bpff
h\mWv ap. ]p ZnpIfnepw Npndn Ah
ImtWXp ImWmi\mbn Xop. icocn\I
pw ]pdpw Xmsgbpw apIfnepw kh{X Bmhv
\ndncnppv. AXn\v Cu hnizw Hcnepw
A\mabamIpn. Fnepw {]bXv\nv kZmNmc
\ncX\mbn Ignbp m\nI kwkmc kmKcw
XcWw sNm Wn tbmKycmbn`hnpp.
11. \ XZkvXXn \ b X3lw \ XZkvXn
\ Xbw
Ina\yZ`n hmRvOman khw knbw XXw
12. kakvXw JeznZw {_khamt Z amXXw
Ala\y CZw Nm\yZnXn {`mnw XyPm\L
13. XtX{_ Lt\ \ntXykw`hn
\ Iev]nXm
\ timtIm kvXn \tam tlm kvXn\
PcmkvXn \ P hm
14. bZkvXn l X tZhmkvXn hnPztcm `h khZm
bYm {]m]vXm\p`hXxkh{Xm\`n
hmRvO\mXv
15. XymKmm\ ]cnXymKo hnPztcm `h khZm
btky Zw P ]mmXyw Xamtizh almatX
16. hnin hnZym hnaem apm thWp
anthmaw
hnca\kmw kayIvkz{]kwKm Zp ZmlrZw
17. {`jvSZi\ Zriym\n Xyzm
hmk\bm kl
Zi{]Xybm `mk amm\w kap]mkva tl
19. Zztbma[yKXw \nXyakvXn \mkvXoXn
]tbmx
{]Imi\w {]Imim\mamm\w
ka]mkvat]m
20. kwXyPy lrZvKptlim\w tZha\yw
{]bmn tb
tX cXv\ ma`nhmRvOnXylkvX
IukvXp`x
21. DnXm\pnXm t\yXm\n{nbmco
]p\x]p\x
l\ymXv hnthI ZWvt U\ ht{PtWh
lcn Knco
\nZmL, ""Rm A\y\msW sXnmcWA
ssIshSnbWw. Rm\nm ean. Bkaba
m hkvXphpan. CsXmw kpw NnbhpamsW
n ]ns Rm Fns\ B{KlnWw? CsXmw
N P
675
BmhmWv. CXv _w XsCXn\p timItam taml K
tam Pctbm Ptam Hpw Xsbn. \nXy\pw knZm\
L\\pamb Cu ]ctaizc\n Iev]\mabamb `mh
v km[yXbn. B XXzn ebnXmsWmw.
AXn\m Hpw BinmsX, Ffpn ssIhcpXv
A\p`hnpI. XymPy {Kmly Nn IqSmsX hnImc
clnX\mbncnpI. C\n PsaSpt Ahbp
ffh\n t{ijvSPmXnbn s] apnset]mse
kzamb hnZb {]thinpp. {`jvSmhn\v Zrkyw aptJ\
e`np kpJm\p`qXn BXzm Dmb kv]\w
XsbmsWpw AXns\ \Xpt]mse D]mknpp
shpw sshcmKy Nnm kzw A\p`qXnbm
hyamnbnpv . ""Dv'' ""C'' Fnhv cn\pw
at[y nXnsNpXpw Fm {]Imifmpw
{]Imihpamb Bmhns D]mkImcmWv \.
Bmhv \psS lrZbn atlizcs\ \nebn
hknpp. B imizXmmhns\ ssIhnv A\yhkvXp
v {]bXv\nph ssIbnencnp IukvXp`
cXv\w hnv ap cXv\w At\zjnphcmWv. {]_e
tfm _elo\tfm BIs. C{nbfmIp
i{Xpsf hnthIamIp hSnsImSnv \nb{Ww
C{ Xs h{Pmbp[m alm]hXsf shn
hogv nbXpt]mse hnthI _pnbm C{nb
fmIp i{Xpsf hnhIamIp hSnsImSnv
\n{nWw C{ Xs h{Pmbp[m alm]h
Xsf shn hogv nbXpt]mse hnthI _pnbm
C{nbfmIp i{Xpsf Dbcm CSsImSpm
XncnpI.
22. kwkmc cm{Xn Zpxkz]vt\ iqt\y
tZlatb {`ta
khtahm ]hn{Xw XXv ZrjvSw
kwkrXn hn{_aw
23. Amt\m]ltXm _mte buht\
h\nXm lXx
titjIf{X Nnmx In ItcmXn \cm[ax
24. ktXm kmnXm ap[v\n ZpxJm\n In
taIw kwibm arlw
25. tbjmw \ntajtWmtazju
PKXx{]ftbmZbu
XmZrim ]pcpjmbmn amZrimw
KWss\h Im
Cu kpc icocw kwkmcamIp cm{Xnbn
ImWp Zpxkz]v\w t]msebmWv. AXns KXn A]hn
{XamIpp. _meyn Am\mKX; bu\n
kv{Xohnjb NnI, AyImev `mcym ]p{XmZnIsf
kw_n Nn Cs\bpff \cm[a\v Btm
Xnv FpsNm Ignbpw? kns ta Ak

I ns hnPbhpw kucynsta sshcq]yns
hnPbhpw kpJns ta ZpxJns hnPbhpw
\ S p A h b n X m G X ns \ i cW w
{]m]nWw? BcpsS \nthtjmtjmtemtWm
kwkmcnse krjvSn nXn ebmZnI \SpXv
B ]pcpj t]mepw Imem I_foIrXamIptm
Fstmepff \nmcmcpsS Ah FmIpw?
26. kwkmc Gh ZpxJm\mw koam
CXn IYytX
Xt[y ]XntX tZtl kpJ
amkzmZytX IYw?
27. {]_ptm kvan {]_ptm kvan
ZpjvStmtcmbam\m
at\m \ma \nlktay\w a\km
kvan Nncw lrXx
28. amtJZw ZP tltbjpt\m]mtZb ]tcm `h
tlbm tZbZriu cyzm tijtx
kp ntcm`h
29. \ncmiXm \n`bXm \nXyXm akXm Xm
\ncolXm \njv{InbXm kuayXm
\nhnIev ]Xm
30. [rXnssa{Xo a\kvXpjvSn arZpXm
arZp `mjnXm
tltbm ]mtZb \npt t
XnjvTy ]hmk\w
31. KrloX XrjvWm i_co hmk\m PmeaXXw
kwkmc hmcn {]krXw Nnm Xp`ncm XXw
32. A\bm XojvWbm XmX Onn _pn
iemIbm
hmXy tbhmw_pZw Pmew OnXzm XnjvT
XtX ]tZ
At A\s ZpxJsav IcpXsSp Cu {]
n IpSpp tZlw Fs\ kpJw BkzZnm
\mWv? Bmhns\ tamjvSn Iff Fs Cu Zpjn
Nnw Xs. CXv FtmgmWv Fs tamjvSnsX
dnpIqSm. Fm Ctm F\n hyambn. AXn
\m Rm AXns\ XIpw? tlb]Zmp
thn ZpxJnpXn FmWw? AXpt]mse
D]mtZb hkvXpfn Bkn DmIpXp shdp
sXbmWv. AXn\m tlbw D]mtZbw FnhbpsS
t`Z_pn shSnv apffhbn Ddncn Ww.
Fsmev m\nbn \nXyX, A`nX, kaX,
\njv{ InbXzw \njvI ma`mh\ kmwkvmcnI hnjb
fn hncn \nhnIev]vXzw kuayX, amhw, [rXn
ssa{Xn ktmjw, kcf`mjWw Fo KpW
N P
676
\ndncnpw. XrjvWbmIp Immfn t`mKhmk\
K
bmIp he hncnncnpp. \o AXn AIsp.
acoNnImIamb Cu Pew NnamIp IncWfm
kh{X hym]vXamWv. Ipt, Cu ambsb m\
amIp Iq icm sImSpmv taLsfsb
t]mse XIv Xs bYm cq]n Ddv \ne
sImffpI.
33. a\sskh a\xivOnXzm IpTmtctWh ]mZ]w
]Zw ]mh\amkmZy kZy Gh ntcm `h
34. XnjvT K kz] Pm{K \nhkpXv
]X ]X
AktZthZaniyw \nnXymmw
]cnXyQ
35. Zriyam{ibkoZw tNXv kntm
kntamhm
36. \mlw t\ZanXn [ymb XnjvT XzaNemNe
Bt\m PlXm ZrjvS Zriy
Zimtc
37. Zi\mJyw kzamm\w khZm `mhb `h
kzmZykzmZI kwXyw kzmZy
kzmZI a[yKw
acns IjWw LSnn tImSmensImv acs
shn hogv pXpt]mse a\psImv Xs a\
ns\ tOZnv kpnc\mbncnpI. Ccnptmgpw
Fgptptmgpw \Sptmgpw Ddptmgpw
F Fm AhIfnepw Fmw Ak{Zq]sav
IcpXn ZriyhkvX ptfmSpff B ssIhnSpI.
ImcWw, Zriyw sImpXs Nnns _\n
AIsSpp. Zriyfv ssIshSnm Nn iq\yX
sImv \o tam {]m]vXn[nImcnbmIpp. ""temIhp
an, Rm\pan F `mh\tbmsS ]hXw t]mse
ANe\mhpI. BXvamhn\pw hnizn\pw a[ynepw
Zriyns a[ynepw kzbw Zi\amIp Bm
hpsv IcpXpI. kzmZpff ]Zmw. AX vBkzZnp
h cn\pw at[ybpff AhtbmsS tIhew
kzmZns\ am{Xw Nnnp ]cammhn ebnm
Xmev]cyw hlnpI.
38. kzZKw tIhew [ymb ]camatbm `h
Ahew_y \ncmew_w at[y at[y
ntcm `h
39. cq _m hnapNyt XrjvWm
_m \ tI\NnXv
Xkva mnZmLp XrjvW mw Xzw XyP
kev] hP\mXv

I tIhew kzmZKw [ym\npsImv ]cam]cam
hpI. \ncmew_s Ahew_nv a[yn nc\m
hpI. IbdpsImv sIsh tamNnsSpp.
Fm XrjvWm_m tamNnsSpn. AXn\m
\o \nZmL XrjvW ssIhnv kev]sf shSnv
ap\mIpI.
40. GXmalw `mhabo a]pWymw
OnXzm \lw `mh iemIssbh
kz`mhPmw `hy `hm `qau
`h {]imm Jne `qX `oXnx
41. Altajmw ]Zmm\m tatX Naa PohnXw
\ml ta`n hn\m InnhssbtX
hn\m Ine
42. CXy \nbw Xyzm hnNmcy
a\km kl
\mlw ]Zm ky \ ta ]Zm
CXn `mhntX
43. AxioXebm _q[ym IphtXm eoe
bm {Inbm
tbm \q\w hmk\mXymtKm t[ytbm {_
{]IonX
XrjvW Almcbphpw kev ]abhpamWv.
Cu XrjvW tOZnm\pff almkv{Xw Alw `mhcm
lnXyamWv. P\\acW `ojWnbn kIe PohnIfpw
apgpIpp. Cu temIn \npw \n`b\mbn ]cam
temIn kcnpI, im\mbn Nnnv
t`mtK shSnbpI. Cu ]Zmw FsX; F\nv
Cu ]Zmfpambn _an F `mh\tbmsS
\ncmew_mhbn nXn sNWw.
44. khw kaXbm _p[ym bxIrXzm
hmk\mbw
PlmXn \ntam tZlw \tbm ku
hmk\mbx
45. Almcabow Xyzm hmk\mw
eoessbh bx
XnjTXnt[yb kwXymKo kPoh
p DNytX
46. \nqew Ie\mwXyzm hmk\mw
bx iaw KXx
tbw XymKanaw hnn apw
Xw {_mtWma
47. ZzmthXu {_ Xmw bmXu Zzmth Xu
hnKX Pzcu
B]vk p bYmImew kpJZpxtJ jz
\mcXu
N P
677
kv\mbk tbmKn\m\ Zmu hnn K
imu ap\oizc
48. Cu]v knXm \o]vkntX \ kvtXmbkym
hn ZrjvSnjp
kpjp]vX hZycXn k Poh DNytX
49. ljmaj `bt{Im[m ImaImWy
ZrjvSn`nx
\ lrjXn mbXnbx ]cami hnhPnXx
50. _mlym hmkt\mZv `qXm XrjvWm
_tXn IYytX
khm hmkt\m`qX XrjvWm aptXn
`WytX
51. CZakvXp ata Xy anmw
{]m\bm\znXx
Xmw XoW irwJemw hnn ZpxJP
`b {]Zm
52. XmtaXmw kh`mthjvS kXv kzkp
N khZm
kwXyPy ]ctamZmcw ]ZaXn alma\mx
53. _mmaY tammnc kpJ
ZpxJ Zima]n
Xyzm kZkZmkmw Xzw XnjvTm p_v[
alm_v[nhXv
kaXzt_[w Iev t`mtKsb khYm _elo
\amn aaXm lo\\mbnocph\v icoc_hpw
XyPnmw. AXn\m t`tK \miamWv ]caIhyw
AlmcmIhmk\ XyPnv t[yb hkvXphns\bpw
XyPnph\mWv Pohp. kev]hmk\ kaqew
ssIhnSpIbmWv imn{]Zw. {_m\nt B XymKw
km[yamIq. As\bpff {_m\n t{ijvT\m
Ipp. Ah {]mnI ZpxJpcmbn {_]Zw
{]m]npp. tbmKnI iaZabpcmIbm kpJZpxJ
en]vXc, Cm \nmclnX\bn kpjp]vXs\t]mse
s]kcpamdph\mWv Pohp. hmk\mclnX
Imat{Im[tamllj `bmZnIv ASnabmIn.
_mly hnjb \Ip XrjvW _\w \Ipw.
khhmk\mclnXamb Xrjv W apn {]ZamWv .
GsXnepw InWsa B{Klw ZpxJ{]ZamWv. CXv
tLmc_\ kzcq]amWv. k\ kZk{Zq]
fmb ]Zmfnepff B{Klw khZm shSnv
]ca]Zw {]m]npp. Ipt, _\nepw tam
nepw DmIp hnizmk Fmw Xs kpJZpxJ
kzcq]fmWv. Ahsbmw ssIhnv {]im alm
kap{Zw t]mse \ne\pw im\pambn XocWw.

I 54. PmbtX \nbx kmt[m ]pcpjky
NXphn[x
55. B]mZakvXI alw amXm]nXm]nXr
hn\nnXx
CtXytIm \ntbm {_ _mbmk
hntemI\mXv
56. AXoXx kh`mth`ym _mem{Km
Z]ylw X\p
CXn ZznXotbm tammb \ntbm
PmbtX kXmw
57. PKPzme ]Zmmm kh Ghml abx
XrXotbm \nbtm tamm
ssbhZzntPma
58. Alw PKZzm kIew iq\yw thyma kaw kZm
Gh taj NXptm ]n \ntbm tam
knnZx
59. GtXjmw {]Yax t{]m kv X rjv W bm
_tbmKybm
ip XrjvWmkv{Xbx kzm Pohpm
hnemkn\x
60. khw Nm]yl tahXn \ntbm
tbm almatX
XamZmb hnjmZmb \ `qtbm PmbtX aXnx
{_, \mep hn[nepff \nbfmWv a\pjy
\pffXv. 1.""Fs icocw krjv SnXv amXm]nXmm
cmWv'' 2. Rm PKZmI `mhclnX\pw tIim{Ks
mfpw kqvaImchpamb BmhmWv. 3. Rm AJne
hniz]ZmfpsS Bmhmb khkzcq]\pw
Ahn\minbpamIpp. 4. Rm\pw Cu kq hnizhpw
BImistmse iq\yhpamWv. cmw \nbw sImv
k\ apn {]m]npp. aqmasXp sImv nXmcmbn ktmjtam km]tam IqSmsX ]cn
apn e`nm\nSbmIpp. \memw \nbhpw tam{]Z
amWv. HmasXmIs _\w \Ip XrjvW
tbmSp IqSnbXmWv. cpw aqpw \mepw \nbtfmSp
IqSnbh BXXz \ncXcmb PohpcmWv. Fmw
Xm XsbmsW t_m[apffh hnjmZn s]Sp
n.
61. iq\yw XXv {]IrXn ambm {_
hnm\ anXy]n
inhx]pcpj Cuimt\m \nXyamtXn
IYytX
62. ssZzXmssZzXkapZv`qssX PKnmW
eoebm
]cam abn inssZzssXhw ]n{Pw `tX
N P
678
63. khmXoX ]Zmew_o ]cn]q INnbx K
t\mtZzKo \ N Xpjv Smm kwkmtc
\m hkoZXn
64. {]m]vXIItcm \nXyw i{Xp an{X
kam\ ZrIv
CulnXm \o ssXaptm \ timNXn
\ ImwXn
65. khkym`naXw hm tNmZnXx
t]itemnam
Bib `qXm\mw kwkmtc
\mh ko ZXn
66. ]qhmw ZrjvS nahjvS`yt[yb
XymK hnemkn\ow
Pohpbm kztm temI hnlmc hnPzcx
67. AxkwXb khmtim hoX cmtKm
hnhmk\x
_lnx kth kamNmtc temI hnlc hnPzcx
68. _lnx IrXna kwcwt`m lrZnkwcw` hPnXx
Im _lncIm temI hnlc
ip [ox
69. Xy lw IrXycmizkvX aXn ] cmImi
tim`\x
AKrloX Ifmt, temtI hnlc ip [ox
Bmshp ]dbsSp iq\yw XsbmWv
{]IrXn, amb, inh ]pcpj Cuim\ {_m\w
Chsbmw. ]c{_ kw_nbmb AssZzXin
XsbmWv ssZzXambn ImWsSpXv. AssZzXm
{]ISamIp ]Zmfm hnizkrjv Snpff amb
{]hamIpp. hniz {]]mKXambn Bmh
]q Nnbmhbn Ccnph {]m]nI
ZpxJfn s]Spn. \o kIe BiIfpw ssIhnv
hmk\m iq\y\pw cmKclnX\pw Xm] clnX\pambn
Fm kmwkvImcnI Ifpw _mlycq]n am{Xw
sNpI. ]pdsa tIm]apmbmepw Dffn AXv ]mSn.
_mlyambn IhmWv Fnepw cnIambn AIm
hmIWw. Cs\ ip Nn\mIpI. Fsm
i{Xphns\bpw an{Xsbpw Hcp t]mse IcpXph\pw
\nXy {]m]vX I sNph\pw Cm\nm
hnap\pw timI ljmZn clnX\pw {]nb `mjnbpw
]cwKnX m\nbpambncnph am{Xw Cu temI-
n ZpxJn\ncbmIpn. Almc ssIhnv If
Imfna IecmX BImiw t]mse \neamb lrZb
tmsS ipam\k\mbn kzw PohnpI.

I 70. DZmcx t]iem NmcxkhmNmcm\p hrnam
AxkwK]cnXymKo _lnx kw`mc hm\nh
71. Ass sshcmKyamZmb _lncmImtim
ptJ lnXx
Abw _pcbw t\Xn KW\m
eLp tNXkmw
72. DZmcNcnXm\mw Xp hkpss[h IpSpw_Iw
`mhm`mh hn\npw PcmacWhPnXw
73. {]imIe\m cay \ocmKw ]Zam{ib
Gjm {_monXnx kzm
\njvImamhnKXmabmx
74. BZmb hnlcthw ktSjp \ aplyXn
sshcmtKyWmY imkvt{XmW alXzmZn
KpssWc]n
75. bXv kev] hnlmcmw
kzbtathmb a\x
sshcmKymXv ]qXmtaXn at\m\mi
him\pKw
76. Bibm cXmtaXn icZoh ktcm
aew Xtah
`n hnckw hym]mcuLw ]p\x ]p\x
77. Znhtk Znhtk Iph {]mx Ikvam
etX
NnssXy IentXm _kvXpu
apn cpNytX
DZmcmNcWw tNv, DZmcaXnbmbn hnjbm\m
k\mbn t{ijvTmNmc]c\mbn AxIcWn
sshcmKytmsS _mlyambn Da coXnbn s]cpam
dpI. CXv Fs _ph, Cbm _phmWv. Cu
amXncnNn Aev] _pnIfpsSXmWv. DZmcaXnIv
kakvX hnizhpw kzw IpSpw_amIpp. `mhm`mh
clnXhpw PcmacWhnlo\hpw kh kev]m{inXhpw
cmKclnXhpamb ]ca ]Zn AhnX\mIpI.
CXmWv Ima\mclnXhpw \nehpamb {_mo F
nXn. Cu nXn B{ibnp km[I\v kSw
hps]mepw e`n m\m DmIp alXzmZn
KpWfmtem sshcmKy _pnbmtem kmev]w ssI
shSnp Ignm a\v DXmh {]m]npp.
\ncmimabamb a\n\v sshcmKy sat\y ]qX
t\Sm Hn. a\v BimabamIptm icXv
Imes kz ktcmhcw t]mse cmKapamIpp.
Fm t`mKapamb a\v hopw cmKmZnIfn
AIsSpphm hnmmv e tXmm
sXmWv? Nn hnjbfpsS kwtbmKw Xs _
\w. _\n \npw tamN\w t\SpXpXs apn.
N P
679
78. NnZssNX\ymInem tXn khknm K
kw{Klx
GXn bamZmb hntemIb [otbbm
79. kzbtahm\mm\am\w ]Zam]v\ y kn
NnZlw NnZntatemImn Zm imnZn
amx {]Pmx
80. Zriy Zi\ \npx tIhemae cq]hm
\ntXymZn tXm \ncm `mtkm {`jvSm kmo
NnZmIx
81. ssNX\y \np Nn{Zq]w ]q
tPymXn kzcq]Iw
kwim khw kw thZyw kwhnm{X
alw alXv
82. kwim kh kev]x {]im
kItejWw
\nhnIev] ]Zw KXzm kztm `h ap\oizc
hnjb hnap NnamWv Bmshv thZmw
A\pimknpp. Cu Nn kXysadnv ipmx
IcWm Bmhns\ ZinpI Atm B\
kzcq]amb ]Zw ssIhcpw. Cu temIfpw ZnpIfpw
PohnIfpw Fmw Nnw Xs Rm\pw NnmWv.
Zriymepw Zi\mepw, khpw \nehpamb
cq]tmSp IqSnb Cu k mnbmb NnZm mhv
B`mkclnXhpw \nXyhpw {]Xyambpw {`jvShmbn
Xoncnpp. Rm alpw Nnm{X kzcq]hpw
]q tPymXnx kzcq]hpw kh{]Imcnepw kwth
Z\m aphpw Nn{Zq]hpamIpp. apt\, kIeev]fpw
imamn Ima\I ssI shSnv \nhnIev] kam[n
ssIsImffpI.
83. b C am w atl m] \ nj Z w {_ m tW m
\nXya[otX At{im{Xnbx t{im{Xntbm `hXn.
A\p]\oXx D]\otXm `hXn. tkm n ]qtXm
`hXnx
k tkma]qtXm `hXn k kXy ]qtXm `hXn.
kkh `qtXm `hXn k ksshx tZ sshx
mtXm `hXn. kx kthjp Xot jp
k\mtXm `hXn. kxksshx tZ sshc\p[ym tXm
`hXn. kkh{X Xp`ncnjvShm `hXn. Kmb-
{Xymx jjv T n kl{kmWn P]v X m\n ^em\n
`hn. CXnlmk ]pcmWm\w iX kl{kmWn
P]v X m\n ^em\n `hn. {]Whm\m abpXw
P]v X w `hn B Npjx ]wn ]p\mXn
Bk]vXam ]pcpj bpKm ]p\mXn. CXyml
`Khm lncWy K`x Pt]y\m arXXzw N
KXoXyp]\njv.
 680

I GsXmcp {_mW Cu atlm]\njv \nXyhpw Ip ^en\l\mIpp. ]Xn\mbncw {]Whw

A[yb\w sNpp. Abm At{im{Xnb\msWn
t{im{Xnb\mbnocpp. D]\oX\sn D]\oX\m
Ip p. A h A n]q X\m bn, hmb p]q X\m bn
tkma]qX\mbn kXy]qX\mbn `hnpp. ]cn]q
ip\pw kIetZhmcmepw [ym\n ^ehpw Xom
S\ ^ehpw Ah\v knnpp. Ah kh
Imhmbn At\Ikl{kw Kmb{Xn P]nmepm
K
P]nXpsImpw At\I kl{kw CXnlmk ]pcmW
hmbnXpsImpw e`nmhp ^ew Inpp.
ImWm IgnbpnStmfw ]wnIsf ]cnipamp
p. Ahs GgpapXeapdmcpw Ggv ]n Xeapd
mcpw ipcmIpp. CXp P]npXn\m AarXXzw
e`npp. CXv almb D]\njmsWv {_mhv
]dnpv.
atlm\njv kam]np.

1 apn-tIm-]-\n-jv 3
imn]mTw kpcamb Atbmym\Kcnse cXv\aWvU]
Hmw. ]q aZx ]qanZw ]qmXv ]qapZ aty koXm`cX evaW i{XpLv\amtcmsSmcpanv
NytX. ]qky ]qamZmb ]qtahmh {iocmaN{ hmgpp.
injytX. k\ImZnap\nam hknjvTmZn {_jnam, ap
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx. `mKhXm Fnhcm kv X pXnsSph\pw
Hmw. {]Whcq]amb ]c{_w khhn[nepw _pnbpsS [qjW\ kl{kp kmn`qX\pw
]qamIpp. ]qambXn \npamWv Cu ]qw Bb {iocma N{ kam[nbn \np hncantm
A`nhyambnpXv. ]qn \np ]qs Atls ip{iqjnXn\ptijw {io l\pam ]d
FSpm ]qw Xs Ahtijnpp. Hmw. imnx p: Atbm cmaN{m, Av knZm\kzcq]\mb
imnx imnx ]cammhmWv.
5. CZm\ow Xzmw cLpt{ijvTm {]Waman
Hmaymbw
aplplpx
1. Atbmym \Ktc ctay cXv\aWvU] ayta
Xz{Zq]w mXpanman XztXm
koXm`cX kuan{Xn i{XpLv\mssZyx
cmaaptb.
ka\znXw.
6. A\mbmtk\ tb\mlw aptNybw
2. k\ImssZyap\nKssW hknjvTmssZyx
ipImZn`nx `h_\mXv
Ass\y`mKhssXm]n kvXqbam\ Ir]bm hZ ta cma tb\ aptm `hmaylw.
alniw tl cLpt{ijvTm, Rm Asb hopw hopw
3. [ohn{Inbmkl{kmWmw kmnWw \akv cn pp. apnmbn Rm A bpsS
\nhnImcnWw. bYmcq]w Adnhm\m{Klnpp. GsXmn\m
kzcq][ym\ \ncXw kam[nhncta lcnw. Rm A\mbmtk\ kwkmc_\n \npw
4. `ymip{iqjbmcmaw kvXph] ap\mIptam B bYm cq]adnhm\mWv Rm
{]amcpXnx B{KlnpXv. I\nhpmbn F\nv apnt\Sphm
cma Xzw ]cammkn knZm\ eWx thnbp AbpsS Xzw D]tZinp Xmepw.

N P

I 7. km[p ]rjvSw alm_mtlm hZman irWp
XzXx
thZmt kp{]XnjvtTm lw thZmw
kap]m{ib.
tl alm_mtlm, \o tNmZnXv hfsc \s.
Rm Xzw ]dbmw \o tIpsImI. Rm thZm
n {]XnjvTnX\mIpp. \o thZms B{ibn
pI.
8. thZmx tI cLt{ijvT, ht
Ip{X tX hZ
l\pam irWp hyan
thZmnXnaRvPkm.
l\pam: tl cLphoc, thZm GhbmWv?
Ah FhnsSbmWv nXnsNpXv? Cmcyw F\np
]dp Xmepw
{iocma l\pam, tIpsImI. Rm thZm
ns nXnsbn CtmXs ]dp Xcppv.
9. \nxizmk`qXmtahnjv tWmthZmPmXx
kphnkvX
cmx Xntejp ssXehtZztZ thZmx
kp{]XnjvT nXx
{iocma ]dp: thZm AXnhnkv XrX
fmWv. Ah Fs \nizmkn \npw DmbXmWv.
Fn Fsbt]mse thZfn thZmw kp{]
XnjvTnXambncnpIbmWv.
10. cma thZmx IXnhn[mkvtXjmw
imJm cmLh
Xmkq]\njZx Imx kyqx Ir]bm hZ XzXx
l\pam tNmZnp: tl cma, thZ F{Xhn[
apv? AhbpsS imJI GsXmw? Ahbn D]\nj
pI GsXmamWv? Chsbmw kZbw F\np
hniZambn ]dp Xmepw.
11. {iocma DhmN:
EtKzZmZn hn`mtK\ thZmXzmc CucnXmx
tXjmw imJmlyt\Imx kypkvX mkp
]\njZkvXYm
{iocma ]dp: EtKzZmZnhn`mKm thZ
\mseapsp Imcyw {]knamWtm. Ahbvp
At\Iw imJIfpw Dv. Ahbn D]\njpIfpw
At\Iapv.
12. EtKzZky Xp imJmx kyptcI
hnwiXnkwJyImx
\hm[nIiXw imJm bPpj amcpXmP
N P
681
tl amcptX, EtKzZn\v Ccp]smp imJIfpw K
bPpthZn\v \qnH]Xv imJIfpapv.
13. kl{kkwJybm PmXmx imJmx
kmav\x ]c]
AYhWky imJmx kyqx ]miZvt`
ZtXm ltc.
kmathZn\v Bbnchpw AYhthZn\v A]
Xpw imJIfpv.
14. GssIIkymkvX pimJmbm GssItIm]
\njaXm
XmkmtaImarNw tb\ ]TtX `ntXm abn.
15. k ambpPy ]Zhow {]m]vt\mXn
ap\nZp`w.
cmatI Nnap\nt{ijvT apntctIXn
Nntc.
16. tINnXv Xzmma`P\mXvImiyw
Xmtcm]tZiXx
At\y Xp kmwJy tbmtK\ `ntbm
tK\Nm]tc.
Hmtcm imJbvpw Hmtcm D]\njpapv. Ah
bnse Hcp thZhmIysanepw Fn `ntbmSp IqSn
]Tnp B a\\ioecmb ap\namp t]mepw
Zp`amb Fs kmbqPy]Zw {]m]npp.
l\pam ]dp. tl cma, Nne ap\nt{ijv Tm
{]m]yambXp apn Hpam{Xtabpq. Fv A`n{]mb-
sSpp. Nne A bpsS \ma`P\w sIm pw,
apNne Iminbn XmcIat{m]tZimepw thsd
Nne kmwJytbmKw sImpw A]cm `ntbmK
mepw apn {]m]npp. Fp ]dbpp.
17. At\y thZm hmIym hnNmcmXv
]cajbx
kmtemIymZnhn`mtK\ NXp [mapncocnXm.
ap Nne aljnam thZm hmIymhnNmc
mepw apnsb {]m]npp. kmtemIyw XpSn
apn \mep hn[apsv A`n{]mbapv.
Pohmmhv ]cammhn ]qambn hnebncpp
XmWv. ssIheyapn. hnjvWp temIw {]thinpI.
Atlns ASpncnpI. Atlns cq]s
kZm [ym\npsImncnpI. HSphn B cq]s kZm
[ym\npsImncnpI. HSphn B cq]n ebn
pI. Fns\ tamn\v \mehmt`Zfpv.
AhbmWv kmtemIy, kmao]y, kmcq], kmbqPy.
cq][ym\n Cs\ Aev ] mev ] ambn Dbv
`m kmbqPyw {]m]npp. cmaa{wsImv Cu

I \mehtbbpw {]m]nmw. kmbqPyw XsbmWv ssI
heyw.
18. ktlmhmN {iocmax
ssIhey apntcssIh ]mcamn
Icq]nWo
ZpcmNmctXm hm]nama`P\mXvIt].
19. kmtemIy apn am]vt\mXn \Xp temIm
Imiyw Xp {_\mtfkvan artXmamc
tam]v\pbmXv.
20. ]p\cmhrn clnXmw apnw
{]m]vt\mXn am\hx
b{X Iq{Xm]n hm Imiymw actW
k atlizcx
{iocma ]dp bYmn ssIheyapn
Hp am{Xta Dp. Zqhr\mbmepw Ah Fs
\ma`P\w sImv kmtemIyapnsb {]m]npp.
Ah\v A\ytemI {]m]vIn thn hcpn. Cu {_
\mf`qXamb Iminbn hv AyImev Fs XmcI
a{w {Klnph ]p\PclnXamb apnsb
{]m]npp. Iminbn FhnsS hv Ncaw{]m]nmepw
Ah atlizc\mbnocpp.
21. Ptm ZnW It Xp amcw
kap]mZntiXv
\nqXmtij ]m ]utLmamcq]yw
`PXybw.
Fs XmcIa{w {]mWnbpsS heXpsNhnbn
tInpI. B {]mWn kh]m]hn\np\mbn
Fs kmcq]ys {]m]npIXs sNpw.
22. sskh kymtemIy kmcq]y
apncnXy`n[obtX
kZmNmcctXm `qXzm ZzntPm \nXya\\y[ox
23. abnkhmtI `mthm amao]yw `PXybw
sskh kmtemIy kmcq]y kmao]ym
apncnjytX.
kmtemIy kmcq]yapn Fp ]dbsSpv
AXpXsbmIpp. k ZmNmc\ncX\mbn ov
khmI\mb Fn \nesImv A\\ykvI\mbn
AxIcWs kanp {_mlva W Fs
kmao]ys {]m]npp. AXp XsbmWv kmtemIy
kmcq]y kmao]yapn Fp ]dbsSpXv.
24. Kpcp]ZnjvSamtW [ymb a{Zq]ahybw
ambqPyw ZznPx karKv`tPZv {`aIoShXv.
N P
682
Kpcp D]tZin amn IqSn Ahybamb Fs
K
cq]s icnbmbhn[w [ym\np sImv {_mW
{`aIoS\ymtb\ thmf kzw Iqn Hcp ]pgphns\
sImphp shpp. Ipdp\mfpIv tijw
AXn \nv hcpXv ]pgph. asmcp thmf\mav cma
a{cq]m ]pXnb krjvSnbmhpp. Fs kmbqPy
s {]m]npp.
25. sskh kmbpPy apnx kymZv {_m\Ico
inhm NXphn[m Xpbm apn aZp]mk
\bm`thXv
AXpXsbmWv {_m\ {]Zhpw kpawKfZm
bIhpw BbkmbqPyapn. Cu \mephn[nep
`nbpw Fs D]mk\sImp e`npp.
26. Cbw ssIhey apnkvXp tIt\m]mtb\
knyXn amWv UqIytaItahmew
apapqWmw hnaptb
l\pam ]dp: `Khms\ Cu ssIhey apn
e`nphm\p D]mbsamWv?
{iocma ]dp_ apappv apnmbnv
amWvUptIym]\njXv Hpam{Xw aXnbmIpw.
27. XYm]yknw tNvRm\w Ztim]\njmZw
m\w e_v[zmNncmtZh amaIw
[ma bmkykn.
AXpsImv m\w e`nnsn Ztim]\nj
pI ]TnpI. Cu ]T\m m\w e`nv ANn
tcW Fs [mas {]m]npXmWv.
28. XYm]n ZrVXm t\m tNZv hnm
\kymRvPkm
kpZZzm{Xnw imtJym]\njZw
ka`yky \nhb
cma\ ]dp: Fnpw hnm\w ZrVambn
sn tl ARvP\mP, apncp]\njpI
\t]mse A`yknv tams {]m]nmepw.
29. hntZl apmhnm tNZjvtSmciXw ]m
Xmkmw {Iaw \imnw N irWp
hyman XzXx
hntZlapnbmWv B{Klsan \qn Fv D]\n
jpI ]TnpI. AhbpsS bYm{Iaw Rm ]dbw.
30. CuitI\ IT {]iv\apWvU
amWvUqIyncnx
sFXtcbw N OmtmKyw _rlZm
cWyIw XYm

I Cuimhmkyw, tI\w, Imw, {]iv\w, apWvU Iw,
amWvUqIyw, ssXncobw, sFXtcbw, OmtmKyw,
_rlZmcWyIw.
31. {_ssIhey Pm_metizXmtizm
lwk Bcp
WxKt`m \mcmbtWm lwtkm _np
\mZincxinJm.
{_w, ssIheyw, Pm_mew, tizXmizXcw, lwkw,
BcpWoIw, K`w, alm\mcmbWw. ]ca lwkw,
{__np, AarX\mZw, AYhincw, AYh inJw.
32. ssa{XmbWo IujoXIo _rlm
_meXm]\o
Imemncp{Zssat{Xbo kp_mep
cna{nIm.
ssa{XmWn, IujoXIn {_mWw, _rlPvQm
_mew, \rknwl]qhXm]n\n, \rknwtlmcXm]n\n,
Imemncp{Zw, ssat{Xbo, kp_mew, pcnIw, am{nIw.
33. khkmcw \ncmew_w clkyw h{PkqNnIw
tXtPm\mZm[ym\
hnZymtbmKXzmt_m[Iw.
khkmcw, \ncmew_w, ipIclkyw, h{PkpNnIw,
tXtPm _np, \mZ_np, [ym\_np, {_hnZy,
tbmKXzw, B{]t_m[Iw.
34. ]cnhv]mSv {XninJo koXm NqUm\nh
hmWaWvUew
ZnWm ic`w kvIw alm\mcmb
Wmlzbw.
\mcZ ]cp{hPIw, {XninJn {_mlvaWw, koX, tbmK-
NqUmaWn, \nhmWw, aWvUe{_mWw, ZnWm-
aqn, ic`w, kvIw, {Xn]mZzn`qXnalm \mcmbWw.
AZzbXmcIw.
35. clkyw cmaX]\w hmkptZhw N apZvKew
imWvUneyw ss]wKew `np
almcocIw inJm.
cmaclkyw ({iocma]qhXm]n\n) {iocmtamcXm
]n\n) hmkptZhw, apZvKew, imWvUneyw, ss]wKew,
`npIw, alw, imcocIw, tbmKinJw.
36. XpcobmXoXk\ymk ]cn{hmPm
amenIm Ahy
ssImcw ]qmeqcym
[ymIpWvUnIm.
(XpcobmXoXw, kymkw, ]calwk ]cn{hmPIw,
N P
683
AamenIw, Ahyw, GImcw, A]qm, K
kqcym, An, Aymw, IpWvUnIw.
37. kmhn{Xymm ]mip]Xw ]cw {_mh
[qXIw
{Xn]pcmX]\w tZho{Xn]pcm IT`mh\
lrZbw IpWvUeo `kva cp{ZmIv, KW Zi\w
kmhn{Xn, Bw, ]mip]X{_w, ]c{_w,
Ah[qXw, {Xn]pcXm]n\n, tZhn, {Xn]pcw, Iwcp{Z, `mh\,
cp{Z lrZbw tbmKIpWvUen\o, `kvaPm_mew, cp{Zm
Pm_mew, KW]Xn, Zi\w.
38. XmckmacalmhmIy ]{_mn
tlm{XIw
tKm]meX]\w IrjvWw bmhIyw
hcmlIw.
Xmckmcw, almhmIyw ]{_w, {]mWmn
tlm{Xw, tKm]me]qhXm]n\n, tKm]mtemtXm]n\n)
IrjvWw, bmhevIyw hcmlw.
39. imSymb\ lb{Kohw Zmt{Xbw N KmcpUw
IenPm_men ku`mKyclkyENapnIm
imSymb\obw, lb{Kohw, Zmt{Xbw, KmcpUw,
Ien kcWw, Pm_men, ku`mKyevan, _lzrNw,
apnIw.
40. GhtajvtSmciXw `mh\m{Xb\mi\w
m\sshcmKyw ]pwkmw hmk\m{Xb
\mi\w
C{]Imcw \qn Fv D]\njpI Dv. Ch`m
h\m{Xb\miIhpw, m\sshcmKy{]Zhpw BIp
hbmWv Ch.
41. ]qthmtcjp hnlnXXmn
]pckxcw
thZhnZym{hXkv\mXtZinIky apJmzbw
42. KrloXzmjvtSmciXw tb ]Tn
ZzntPmamx
{]mc_v[ b]cyw Pohapm
`hn tX
Cu Hmtcm D]\njnsbpw BZyhkm\fn
AXXns imn]mT tNnpv. AhtbmSpIqSn
{_mWt{ijv T Cu \qnsbv D]\njpIfpw,
thZhnZym{hXkv\mXI\mbncnp Kpcphns apJp
\npw ]Tnm Ahs kwkmctimIw apgph\pw
\inv PohapmcmIpp.

I 43. XXx ImehimtZh {]mc_vt[ Xp
bw KtX
sshtZlow amaIow apnw bmn
\mkvXy{X kwibx
XpSv Ime{Ian {]mc_v[bw DmIp
tm Ah FtmSp tNv hntZlapn {]m]np
p. CXv imclnXamIpp.
44. kthm]\njmZw aty kmcajvtSm
cw iXw
kIrhWamt{XW khmLuL
\nIr\w
Fm D]\njpIfnepw hv kmc`qXfmb \qn
Fv D]\njpI Hcp {]mhiysanepw {ihnm
kh ]m]fpw CmXmIpp.
45. atbm]ZnjvSw injymb Xp`yw ]h\\\
CZw imkv{Xw abmZnjvSw KplyajvtSm
cwiXw
46. mtXmm\tXm ]TXmw_ tamNIw
cmPyw tZbw [\w tZbw bmNXx Imacq]Ww
47. CZajvtSmciXw \ tZbw bky Iky NnXv
\mkvX nImb IrXLv\mb ZpcmNmc
cXmb ssh
48. aZv`n hnapJmbm]nimkv{XK
tjp aplytX
Kpcp`nhnlo\mb ZmXhy \ IZmN\
{iocma ]dp: tl hmbp]p{X, injy\mb
\n\p Rm D]tZin clkyamb Cu \qn Fv
D]\njpI Adntm AdnbmsXtbm ]Tnp
hv Ah _tamNIambn `hnpp. A`nemj]q
nv [\w, cmPyw Fnh Zm\w sNmhpXmWv.
Fm \qn Fv D]\njpIfpw Fmhpw
sImSpmhpX. hntijnpw \mkvXnI\pw IrXLv\
\pw ZpcmNmcXXv]c\pw aZ`n hnlo\\pw Akmb
imkv {XKfn ]Xnv tamlnp t]mbh\pw,
Kpcp`nbnmh\pw sImSpsSmhpX.
49. tkhm]cmb injymb lnX]p{Xmb amcptX
aZv` mb kpioemb Ipeo\mb kpta[tk
50. kayIv ]coy ZmXhytahajv t Smcw
iXwbx ]tTrWpbmZzm]n k amtaXn \ kwibx
XtZX ZrNm`ypw
Atbm amcptX, tkhmXXv] c\mb injy\pw
lnXImcnbmb ]p{X\pw Fs `\pw kpioe\pw
N P
684
Ipeo\\pw _pnam\pw Bb injys\ icnbmbn
K
]conXn\p tijw am{Xw Cu \qn Fv D]\njp
I D]tZinmw. D]\njpI tIpItbm
]TnpItbm sNph Fss {]m]npp.
kwiban. CXv Ipdnp thZhmIyapv.
51. hnZym l ssh {_mWamPKma
tKm]mb am tih[njv tS lakvan.
AkqbImbm\rPth iTmb
am am {_qbm hocyhXo XYm kymbw
52. btah hnZym{ipXa{]aw
ta[hn\w {_Ncym]]w
Xkva m Camap]mkmb kayIv
]coy ZZymssZzjvWhoam\njvTmw
Hcn hnZy {_mWs\ kao]nv C{]Imcw
]dp: Av Fs clkyambn cnWw. At
bv v Rm Hcp \n[nkam\amb \nt]amWv. Akq
bmep, h{I_pn, iT Fnhv Fs Hcnepw
Zm\w sNcpXv Fn am{Xta Rm Fspw
hncyhXnbmbn \nesImpIbpq.
hnZym{ipX\pw ta[mhnbpw A{]a\pw {_
\njvTm\ncX\pw Bb GsXmcp hyn D]tZie_v[n
mbn kao]nptm Ahs\ \Xpt]mse ]con
Xn\ptijta Ah\v sshjvWhamb Cu BhnZy
\Imhq.
cma[ymbw
1. XYm ssl\w {iocmaN{w amcpXnx
]{]tIbw
hm Xnnx knym hmInw {]tbmP\anXn
ktlmhmN {iocmax ]pcpjky
IrXz t`mrXz
kpJZpxJmZneWn [x
ticq]XzmZv
_tm `hXn Xntcm[\w Pohapnx
D]m[nhn\npLSmImihXv
{]mc_v [bm
ZzntZlapnx Poh apn hntZl
aptmcjv tSm
citXm]\njZx {]amWw
IrXzmZnZpxJ
\nhrnZmcm \nXym\mhm]vXn
{]tbmP\w `hXn
XXv]pcpi{]bXv \kmyw `hXn
bYm]p{XImta

I jvSn\m ]p{Xw hmWnPymZn\mhnw
tPymXn jvtSmta\
kzw XYm ]pcpj{]bXv\ kmy
thZm {ih
WmZn P\nXkam[n\m PohapymZn
emt`m `hXn
khhmk\mbmm`x
l\pam {iocmaN{t\mSp tNmZnp. `Khmt\,
Pohapn Fm FmWv? hntZlapn Fm?
AXn\p {]amWw FmWv? Fs\bmWv AhbpsS
knn DmIpXv? B knnsImp {]tbmP
\sav?
{iocma ]dp ]pcpjs IrIXzt`mrXz
kpJZpxJmZncq]amb Nn[w ticq]ambXn\m
AXp _amIpp. AXns \ntcm[amWv Pohapn.
D]m[n hn\npamb LSmImiw t]mse {]mc_v[
bmepmIpXmWv hntZlapn. Pohapnpw
hntZlapnpw {]amWw \qn Fv D]\njpI
IrXzmZnZpxJ\nhrn aptJ\ e`np \nXym\
{]m]vXnbmWv {]tbmP\w. AXv ]pcpj{]bXv\XXm
t\SWw. ]p{XImtajvSnsImv ]p{X\pw hmWnPym
hnhpw PmXjv tSmaw F bmKm kzhpw
ssIhcpXpt]mse ]pcpj{]bXv\ kmyamIp
thZm {ihWmZnIfm e`np km[nbm Poh
apn XpSnbh kmnpp. khhn[amb hmk\
Ifpw bnXn\ptijw am{Xsa Ah kpkm[yamhp
Ibpp.
A{X tmIm `hXn
1. Dmkv{Xwimkv{XnXw tNXn ]ucpjw
Zznhn[w aXw
Xt{Xmmkv{Xa\mb ]cammb
imkv{XnXw
imkv{XewL\w imkv{Xm\pkmcnbmb {]h\w
Fv ]ucpjw sImv (]pcpj{]bXv\w) cv hn[apv.
A hbn imk v { XewL\w A\{]m]v X npw
imkv{Xm\pkmcnbmb {]h\w ]camem`n\pw
tlXphmIpw.
2. temImhkm\bm Ptm imkv { Xmhmk\
bm] n N tZ l h m k \ bm] n N tZ h m k \ bm
m\w bYmhssh PmbtX.
{]mWnIv temIhmk\sImpw icnbmb
m\w knnpn.
3. Zznhnt[m hmk\mhyqlxip`sship`Xu
hmk\utL\ ipt X{X tNZ\pkobtk
N P
685
XXv{ItaWmip tXss\h amaIw K
]Zmam]v\ plp
AY tNZipt`m `mhkvXzmw
tbmPbXn ktS
tl amcptX, hmk\m kaqlw ip`sapw, Aip`
sapw cphn[apv . Ahbn \o hniphmk\
Ifm \bnsSpIbmsWn AXpsImp Xs
{ItaW \o Fs ]Zs {]m]npw. t\sc adnv Aip
`hmk\IfmemWv \o \bnsSpsXn \o
kSntemWv \bnsSpXv.
5. {]m\kvXZu bXv\tPXthym `hXm It]
ip`mip`m`ymw amm`ymw hlo
hmk\mkcnXv
6. ]ucptjW {]bXvt\\ tbmP\obm
ipt`]Yn
Aipt`jp kamhnjvSw ipt`tjzhm
hXmctbXv
Atbm, amcptX A\mZnbmb Cu hmk\sb \o
{]bXv\m PbntWw. ipt`jzhmhXmctbXv
Atbm, amcptX A\mZnbmb Cu hmk\sb \o
{]bXv\m PbntWw. ip`mip`amfn IqSn
kcnpsImncnp hmk\m\Znsb ]ucpjm
\o ip`amn IqSn \bntWw. Aip`kamhn
jvSamb Cu hmk\mkaqls ip`amn Xs
AhXcnnWw thWw.
7. Aip`mmenXw bmXn ip`w XkvamZ]oXcXv
]ucptjW {]bXvt\\ emetb
Nn_meIw
hmk\ Aip`amn\ \npw amsv ip`am
ntev kcnWw. AXn \np atXnepw
{]thinnpp. NnamIp _mes\ ]pcpj{]
bXv\w sImv innX\mWw.
8. {KmK`ymkhimZymXn bZm tX hmkt\mZbw
XZm`ymkky km^eyw hnn Xzacna\x
Atbm i{Xpa\, A`ymk\m \n\v
ip`amb hmk\ DZbw sNptm \ns A`ymkw
k^eambn Fp \o a\nemWw.
9. knKvZmbma]n `riw ip`mtah kamNc
ip`bmw hmk\mhru \ tZmjmb acppX
tl amcptX, ip`mip` GXmsWp knKv
mk`nepw IqSn ip`hmk\mhrnbn tZmjan.

I 10. hmk\mb hnm\at\m\mi almatX
kaImew Nncm`ykvXm `hn ^eZm aXmx
Atbm almatX, hmk\bw, hnm\w, at\m-
\miw Fnh hfscmew Hnv A`yknXn\ptijw
am{XamWv ^e{]ZfmbnocpXv. Cmcyw kk
Xamb ImcyamWv.
11. {Xb Ghw kaw bmhm`ykvXm
]p\x ]p\x
Xmh ]Zkw{]m]vXn`hXy]n kamissXx
Cu hmk\m{Xbw \nccw A`ykvXamImXncnp
tm Imew \qmpI sImp t]mepw ]ctam
X]Zw ssIhcpX.
12. GssIItim \ntjhyt btZytX
Nnca]yew
X knw{]bn amx konXm Ch
Ch Hmtcmmbnv hfscmew ]cnioensm
Xsbpw lrZbkv]ianmsX ko\w sNs
a{w Ft]mse knnsb {]Zm\w sNpn.
13. {Xn`ntcssXncm`ykvssXlrZb {Ktbm
ZrVmx\nxitah{XpSn_nk
tZmZvKpWm Ch
Ch aqpw Nncm`ykvXfmbXpsImv, _nktZw
sImp Xp s]mntmIpXpt]mse, ZrV
emb lrZb{KnI imclnXambn XIcm CSbm
Ipw.
14. PmciXm`ykvXm anYym kwkmchmk\m
km Nncm`ymk tbmtK\ hn\m\
obt IzNnXv
PmcmiXm`ykvX amb, AbYmamb B
kwkmchmk\ NncImem`ymkw CmsX HcnSpw b
s {]m]npn.
15. Xkva mXv kuay{]bXvt\\ ]ucptjW
hnthIn\m
t`mtKmw ZqcXkvXyzm {Xbtah
kam{ib
tl kuay, hnthInbmb ]pcpj\v ]ucpjm
t`mtKsb XyPnv hmk\mbw hnm\w at\m
\miw Fnhsbs B{ibnWw.
16. XkvamZzmk\bmbpw at\m _w
hnZp_p[x
kayKzmk\bmXyw apanXy`o[n
btXat\m\nhmk\\o`mhamNcmip
almIt]
N P
686
AXn\m hnZzmm hmk\mbpamb a\ns\
K
_sapw a\nempp. Fm hmk\Isf \
Xpt]mse XyPnnp a\v apsap ]dbsSpp.
Atbm amcptX, \o thKw Xs a\ns hmk\mc
lnXamb `mhss B{ibnpI.
17. kaymKmtemN\mXymZzmk\m {]hoenbtX
hmk\mhnetb tNXx iaambn Zo]hXv
kayIvZi\w kXyw Fnhbm hmk\ \inp
p. hmk\m\mim a\v Zo]w AWp t]mIp
Xpt]mse ias {]m]npp.
18. hmk\mw kw]cyXyP abn Nnam{Xhn{Ktl
bkvX njvTXn KXhy{Kx tkmlw knXv
kpJmIx
hmk\Isf \t]mse ]cnXyPnv KXhy{K\mbn
Nnam{Xhn{Kl\mb (m\am{Xkzcq]\mb) Fn
BcmtWm nXn sNpXv Ah knZm\\mZkzcq
]\mbn `hnpp.
19. kam[naY ImcymWn am ItcmXp ItcmXp hm
lrZtbmkthhm ap Gthmamibx
Cu ]Zw e`nXn\ptijw kam[n{Inbbpw I
fpw sNpItbm sNmXncnpItbm BImw. lrZb
n ian khm`nemjtfmSpIqSnbh\pw Dami
b\pamb Ah ap\mbns `hnpp.
20. ss\jv I tyW\Xkymkym
tmkv Xn\
I`nx\ kkm[\mPm]m`ymw bky
\nhmk\w a\x
hmk\mclnX\mbncnph\v ss\jv I yw
sImtm Isfsmtm bmsXmcp {]tbmP\hp
an. kam[nsImtm P]mZnI sImv Ah\v bmsXmcp
Imcyhpan.
21. kwXyhmk\mau\mZrtX
\mkvXypaw Zw
hmk\mclnXamb au\amWv Daw.
AXnt\m t{ijvSamb thsd ]Zan.
22. hmk\mlo\ at]yX NpcmZo{nbw kzXx
{]htX _lnx kzmt
hmk\mam{XImcWw
hmk\mlo\amb Ahbnepw NpcmZnIfmb
C{nb kzm`mhnIambn _mlyamb kzhnjbfn
{]h\ \ncX\mIpw. A h hmk\mam{Xbm
DmIpXv tZmjtlXpf.

I 23. AbXvt\m]\tXjzn ZrKv{Zthyjp
bYm ]p\x
\ocmKtah ]XXn XZzXvImtcyjp [oc[nx
BbmkanmsX ZrjvSnp hnjbo`hn ZrKznjb
fn t\t{X{nbw cmKclnXambn ]XnpXpt]mse
bXnhcy Imcysf A`napJoIcnpp.
24. `mhkwhnXv{]ISnXma\pcq]m N amcptX
NntkymXv] yp]camwhmk\w
ap\tbmhnZpx
tl amcptX ]Zmt_m[m DmIpXpw
]Zm kzcq]hpw Nnns D]np {][m\
tlXpambmXmWv hmk\sbv ap\namam ]dbpp.
25. ZrVm`ymkvX]ZmssI `mh\mZXn
New
Nnw kwPmbtX PPcmacW ImcWw
hmk\bpsS ZrVm`ykvXamb hnjb`mh\bn
\nv AXnNehpw PaPcmacWp ImcWhp
amb Nnw `hnpp.
26. hmk\mhiXx {]mWkv]\kvt X\
N hmk\m
{InbtX Nn_oPky tX\_oPmpc{Iax hmk\m-
thKn sImv {]mWkv]\hpw {]mWkv ]\
m hmk \bpw D mIpp. C Xp c pamWv
Nn_oPnsbpw, Nnmpcnsbpw {Iaw.
27. tZz _otP Nnhrky {]mWkv]
\hmkt\
GIkvanw Xtbmx otW n{]w tZz
A]n\iyXx
ta ]dbs NnamIp hrns cp
_oPfmb {]mWkv]\w, hmk\, Chbn Hp
oWnptm Xs thKw \inpp.
28. AwKhyhlmcXzmZv`h`mh\h\mXv
icoc\miZinXzmkmZ\m \ {]htX
hmk\mkw]cnXymKmnw KXyNnXm
AkwK hyhlmcw sImpw (AXmXv, Xn
\npw hyncnamb kwkmc`mh\sb hPnp
Xnepw icocw \izcamsWp Zi\nepw Nnw
{_abambncnWanpp.
29. Ahkmk\XzXXw bZm \ a\ptX a\x
Aa\kvXm XtZmtZXn ]ctam]ia{]Zmamb
at\mhnebw kw`hnpp.
N P
687
30. AhypXv]a\m bmhZv `hm\m K
XXXv ]Zx
Kpcpimkv{ X{]amkv s sWkvX p\noXw
XmhZmNmcw
\o AhypXv]aXnbmbpw XXv] Zm\clnX
\mbpw CcnpnStmfw Imew kZvKpcp imkv{X
{]amW Fnhbm \nbnsnp Imcy
sNpI.
31. XXx ]IzIjmtbW \q\w hnmX
hkv Xp\m
ipt`m]ykuXzbm XymtPm hmk\mtLm
\ncm[n\m
\n\v Xzm\t_m[apmbm hnm\X-
hkvX phmIp ]IzIjmbm ip`hmk\Isfbpw
\nZyZpxJ\nhr\mb \o Dt]nWw.
32. Zznhn[nm\mtimkvXnkcqt]mcq] GhN
Pohapx kcq]x kymZcqt]m tZlapnKx
Nn\miw kcq]sapw Acq]sapw cphn[
apv. Pohapnbn kzcq]Nn\mihpw hntZl
apnbn Acq]\mihpw kw`hnpp.
33. Aky \mianZm\ow Xzw ]mht\
irWp kmZcw
Nn\mim`n[m\mw ln bZm tX
hnZytX ]p\x
34. ssa{XymZn`n KpssWbpw Pohap
kyXa\x
Atbm amcptX, Nn\misn \o k{iw
{ihnpI. Pohapamb \nhnIev]kam[nbn
\maam{Xamb Nn\miw (kcq]Nn\miw) DmIp
tm ssa{Xn XpSnb KpWtfmSp IqSnb B Nnw
imnsb {]m]npp. AXn kwiban. Ahs
(Pohaps) a\v ]p\PclnXambnocpp.
35. kcqt]mkuat\m\mtim Poh
apkyhnZytX
Acq]kvXp at\m\mtim sshtZln
apntKm`thXv
Poh ap\v kcq]hpw hntZlap\v Acq]
hpamb at\m\mi kw`hnpp.
36. kl{kmpcimJm^e]himen\x
Aky kwkmchrky at\maqeanZw
nXw
Bbncw ApctfmSpw imJItfmSpw ^e]h
tfmSpw IqSnb Cu kwkmchrns thcmWv a\v.

I 37. kev] Gh Xat\y kevt]m
]ita\ XXv
timjbmip bYm timjtaXn
kkwkmc]mZx
kwkmchrw kev]w am{XamsWp Rm
hnNmcnpp. Fs\bmbm kwkmchrw timjn
nphm Ignbptam A{]Imcw kevt]miaw sImv
\o AXns\ hfsc thKw timjnnpI.
38. D]mb GI GhmkvXn a\kx kzky \n{Ktl
a\k`ypZtbm \mtim at\m\mtim atlmZbx
Xs at\m\n{Kln\v D]mbw Hpam{XamIpp.
a\ns DZbw \mihpw a\ns a\ns \miw
atlmZbhpamIpp.
39. at\m \miat`ymXn at\m
kylnirwJe
m\nbpsS a\v \inpp. Fm Am\n
bpsS a\v _\nep irwJebmIpp.
40. Xmhoinh thXmfhevKXn lrZn hmk\x
GIXzZrVm`ymkmZymh hnPnXw a\x
[ym\w, [mcW FnhIfm {_Xzns ZrV
amb A`ymkw F{Xtmfw Imew cm{Xnbn thXmf
Ft]mse lrZbn hmk\I NmSnfn
pp.
41. {]ZoW NoZky \oKrlo
tX{nbZznjx
]Zvan\y Ch tlat obt
t`mKhmk\mx
Nnmlmcm ITn\ambn oWnv C{nb
fmIp i{Xpsf ASnbh\v t`mKhmk\I
tlaImense XmacsmbvI I F t]mse
\inpp.
42. lkvX wlkvtX\ kw]oUy ZssZm
hnNq N AwKm\ywssKx kam{Iay
PtbmZmZu kzIw a\x
ssIIfn sRcnpw, ]pIfm ]pIsf s]mSn
pw AwKfm AwKsf B{Ianpw BZyw kzIo
bamb a\ns\ PbntXm
43. D]hntiym]hniyImw NntI\
aplpplpx
\ iIytX at\m tPXpw hn\m
bpna\nnXmw
NnI\v H Ccpn Ccpv hopw hopw A\n
N P
688
nXamb bpnsbAhew_nmsX a\ns\ Pbnp
K
hm kmya.
44. Apti\ hn\m atm bYm ZpjvSaXwKPx
AymhnZym[nKax {]mWkv]\ntcm[\w
45. hmk\mkw]cnXymKx {]mWkv]\ntcm[\w
GXmkvXm bpbx ]pjvSm kn
NnPtbIne
aZbm\sb \nb{nphm Apiw A{]Imcw a\
ns\ Pbnphm Aymt_m[w k\ kwkw
hmk\m]cnXymKw {]mWkv]\\ntcm[w Fo kp
jvSfmb bpnI A]cnXymPfmWv.
46. kXnjvT bpntjXmkp ]nTmnbansb
tNXtkm Zo]aprPhnNn\zXtamRvP ss\x
bpnI D Ahbn _eambn a\ns\
\nba\w sNm Xp\nbph Zo]s Dt]n-
tijw Am\wsImv Ccpns\ At\zjnp
hcmWv.
47. hnaqVmx IpapZypm tblTm
Xtkm Pbw
tX \n_v\n \mtK{apaw
_nkXp`nx
_emmtcW at\mPb\pZypcmIp
aqVm Xmachfbw sImv aZbm\sb _nphm
{ianpIbmWv.
48. tZz _otP Nnhrky hrnhrXXn
[mcnWx
GIw {]m]cnkv] tm ZznXobw ZrV`mh\m
hrnIfmIp eXIsf [cnp NnamIp
hrns hnpI cmIpp. Hv {]mW]cnkv]
\hpw cmatXv ZrV`mh\bpamIpp.
49. kkmlnkhKXmkwhnXv {]mWkv]t\
NmeytX
NnssIm{KymZytXm m\apw
kap]PmbtX
khKXambncnp Nnw {]mWkv]\m
Nenpp. {]mWmbmam NnNe\imnbpw
Nnns GIm{KX sImv {_m\hpw e`n
pp.
50. Xm[\atYm [ym\w bYmhZp]cniytX
hn\m]yhnIrXnw Ir\mwkw`h
XyXyb{IamXv
]cninjvSw N Nnam{Xw NnZm\w hnNnb

I XpSv km[Iambncnp [ym\s Rm D]tZ
inp Xcmw. kakvXhnImcsfbpw krjvSnp hn]coX
amb {Ian hnebnnnv Hmtcm hnImcsbpw AX
Xns A[nIcWn hnebnnWw Ahkm\w
]cntijnp Nnam{Xhpw NnZm\hpambXzs
[ym\npI.
51. A]mt\kv XwKtX {]mtWmbmhm`yp
ZntXmlrZn
Xmhm Ipw`Imhm
tbmKn`nbm\p`qbtX
]m\ Akv X anpIbpw lrZbmImi n
{]mW DZbw sNmXncnpIbpw sNp Ah
bmWv Ipw`Imh. tbmKnIfn CXv DmIpp.
52. _lnckvXwKtX {]mtW bmhm
]m\ DZvKXx
XmhXv]qmw kamhmw _lnjvTw
Ipw`Iw hnZpx
_mlymImin AXmbXv \mknIbvp shfnbn
embn ZzmZimwKpe]cnanXamb BImin {]mW
AkvXanpIbpw A]m\ DZbw sNmXncnpIbpw
sNp ]qamb kamh _mlyIpw`Iw Fdnb
sSpp.
53. {_Imcat\mhrn{]hmtlmlw
IrXnwhn\m
kw{]mXkam[nxkymym\m`ymk
{]IjXx
A\famb {_[y\m\nep Almc cln
Xamb {_mImcat\mhrn{]hmls kw{]mX
kam[n Fp ]dbpp.
54. {]imhrnIw Nnw ]cam\ZmbIw
Akw{]mX\mambw kam[n
tbmKn\mw {]nbx
{]imamb hrnIfpXpw ]cam\kmbI
hpamb Nnw XsbmWv tbmKnIp {]nbamb Akw
{]mXkam[n
55. {]`miq\yw a\xiq\yw _pniq\yw
NnZmIw
AXZvh ymhrncqt]mku
kam[nap\n`mhnXx
{]`miq\yhpw a\xiq\yhpw _pniq\yhpw
(Ahm{XbclnXw) NnZmIhpamWv ap\namcmev `mhn
Xamb knnbmWv AXZvhymhrn.
N P
689
Duz]qhpw A[x]qhpw a[y]qhpw K
kh]cntZclnXhpw inhmIhpw kmmXv thtZm
hpamb ]canImkam[n CXp XsbmIpp.
57. ZrV`mh\bmXyIX ]qhm]chnNmcWw
bZmZm\w ]Zmky hmk\m km {]Ion CXv
Dv F Dd`mh\bm ]qhm]chnNmc clnXamb
hkvXp{KlWamWv hmk\.
58. `mhnXw Xo{hkwthKmZm\m btZh kx
`hXymip I]nt{ijvT hnKtXXchmk\x
tl I]nt{ijvT Xo{hamb kwthKm GsXm
mtWm Bmhn DmIpXv AXp XsbmWv hnK
tXXchmk\\mb Ah.
59. XmZr{Kqt]m ln ]pcptjm hmk\mhnh
ioIrXx
kw]iyXn ssZsshXXv
kZzkvXnhnXnhnaplyXn
A m\ \ncmk w k w`hnh\msWnepw
]pcpj hmk\bm ]chi\mbn FtmgmtWm CXv
kzkv Xp F\p ImWpXv Atm Ah hntamln
bmIpp.
60. hmk\mthKsshNNnXymXv kzcq]w
\PlmXnXXv
{`mw ]iyXn XrjvSnx khw aZhimZnh
]ehn[nep hmk\mhntijm kzcq]
s Dt]npXpsImv Ahs ZrjvSn aZm
Ft]mse Fmw {`amIambn ImWpp.
61. hmk\m Zznhn[m t{]mm ipm N
aen\m XYm
aen\m PatlXpx kymXv ipm
P hn\min\o
hmk\ aen\sapw ipsapw cp hn[apv.
aen\hmk\ PatlXphpw iphmk\ Phn\mi
IhpamIpp.
62. Am\kpLm\mIImc L\mlwImc
imen\n
]p\Ico t{]mm aen\m hmk\m
_pss[x
]p\mpcw Xyzm nXnx
kw`rjvS _oPhXv
aen\hmk\ ARvP m\n_hpw L\mlwImc
imen\nbpw ]p\PImcnWnbpw BsWv hnZzmm
]dncnpp. hdp amhns nXnbmWv iphm
k\bvpXv.

I 63. _lpimkv{XIYmImtcmat\
hrssYh
Inw? At\zjvN hpw {]bXvt\\
amcptX tPyXn cmcw
{]tbmP\anm At\Iw imkv{Xfpw ]pcmW
fpw ]TnXpsImtm XpSscbp kymk thj[m
cWw sImtm FmWv {]tbmP\w? tl amcptX, {ia
m AtPymXnns\bmWv t\zjntXv.
64. Zi\mZit\ lnXzm kzbw tIhecq]Xx
b BkvtX I]nimqe {_ k
{_hnXv kzbw
Zi\mZi\w AXmbXv Aymtcm]hmZ
shSnv tIhew Bkzcq]\mbn hnph
{_hnmbb {_w XsbmIpp.
65. A[oXy NXptcm thZm khimkv{Xm
Wyt\Iix
{_Xzw \ Pm\mXn Zho
]mIckw bYm
]camw Adnbmh \mepthZfpw kh
imkv{Xfpw ]eXhW Ayb\w sNbvXmepw Xhn
F{]Imcw ]mIcks Adnbpntbm A{]Imcw
{_Xzs AdnbpIbn.
66. kztZlmipNnKt\ \ hnctPyX bx ]pam
hncmKImcWw Xky Ina\yp]ZniytX
kzw icocns AipoKm Bicoc
tmSv hncnbpmIm ]pcpj\v thsd sshcmKy
XImcW Fp]tZinpw.
67. AXyaent\m tZtlm tZlo
NmXy\nex
D`tbmccw mXzm Iky iuNw
hn[obtX
tZlw AXyw aen\hpw tZln AXyw \ne
hpamIpp. ChbpsS Acw a\nemnbnv GXn\m
Wp ipNnXzw hn[ntsXv NnnpI.
68. _tm lnhmk\m_tm tamx
kymZzmk\m
bx hmk\mwkw]cnXyPytamm
nXza]nXyP
hmk\m_\mWv _. hmk\mbw Xns
bmWv tamw. hmk\Isf ]cnXyPnv \o Xs B\
aqnbmbn tammnXztbpw Dt]npI.
N P
690
69. am\kohmk\mx ]qhw Xzm K
hnjbhmk\mx
ssa{XymZnhmk\m\mav \ oKrlmWm
aehmk\x
\o BZyambn am\knIamb hnjbhmk\Isf shSn
v Aaehmk\Ifmb ssa{XymZn kZzmk\Isf {Kln
pI.
70. Xm A]yXx ]cnXyP Xm`nhyhlc]n
Ax imx \akvt\tlm `h
Nnam{Xhm\x
Ahbn hyhlcnph\msWnepw A\cw
Ahtbbpw ]cnXyPnv Bcambn ian khm`nem-
jtfmSpIqSnbh\mbpw Nnam{Xhmk\tbmSpIqSnb
h\mbpw `hnpI.
71. Xma]yY ]cnXyPy at\m_pn ka\znXmw
tijnc kam[mt\m abn Xzw `h amcptX
Atbm l\pamt\, a\v , _pn ChtbmSp
tN AXns\bpw ]cnXyPnv \o _mn hnjb
fnepw Fn [ym\\njvT \mbpw `nbp\mbpw
XocpI.
72. Ai_vZakv] iacq] ahybw
XYm ckw \nXyaKh bXv
A\matKm{Xw aa cq]aoZriw
` Pkz \nXyw ]h\mPmnl
i_vZclnXhpw kv]iclnXhpw Acq]hpw Ahy
bhpw cklo\hpw Fspw KclnXhpw \matam
tKm{Xtam Cm cq]s \nXyhpw `PnpI.
73. Zrin kzcq]w KKt\m]aw ]cw
kIrZzn`mXw hPtaI acw
Ate]Iw khKXw bZZzbw
XthZ Nmlw kIew hnapnZw
Fs kzcq]amIs [ym\nphv In
BImiw t]mse A]cnanXambn ImWsSppw {]`mab
hpw GIhpw \milo\hpw \nt]hpw khKXhpw
AZzbhpw Bbn {]XysSp. tamZmbIamb B
]c{_lvaw XsbmWv Rm.
74. ZrinkvXp iptm lahn{InbmtIm
\tam kvXn InZznjbx kz`mhXx
]pckvXnctm[za[ khXx
kp]qW `qaml anXol `mhb
Rm ip\pw Ahn{InbmI\pamWv. F\nv
kz`mhmXv {]tXyI hnjbsampan. apnepw ]pdIn

I epw kh`mKpw Rm kqamb `qamthmSv IqSnb
hs\v a\nempI.
75. AtPm acssh XYm PtcmarXx
kzbw {]`x khKtXm lahybx
\ ImcWw ImcyaXoXy\nex
kssZh Xr]vtXm l anXol `mhb
Rm P\\anmh\pw acWanmh\pw Pcbn
mh\pw arXnbnmh\pw kzbw {]\pw khKX
\pw BWv. ImcWsbpw Imcysbpw AXn{Ianp
h\mWv Rm. Rm kZm Xr]vX\mIpp. Amcyhpw
Hmp sImpI.
76. Pohp]Zw Xyzm kztZtl
ImekmXvI rtX
hniXytZlapXzw ]ht\mkv]Xmanh
Pohaps ]Zw ssIhnv kztZlw ImehiamIp
tm Imv kv]lo\Xsbt]mse Bmhn\v AtZ
lapXzw ssIhcpp.
XtZkZrNmhypw XZznjvt Wmx ]caw ]Zw
1 apZvK-tem-]-\n-jv
imn]mTw
Hmw hmMvta a\kn {]XnjvT nXm at\m ta
hmNn {]Xnjv T nXamhncmhna G[n thZky a
B W o mx {i p X w ta am{] l mk o
Xt\\m[otX\m tlmcm {XmXv kwZ[manEXw
h Z nj y man k X y w h Z nj y man. X m ah X p
XZzmcahXp. AhXpamw AhXphmcw Hmw.
imnx imnx imnx
Fs hmv a\n ncambncns. Fs
a\v hmn ncamIs. kzbw {]Imimmth,
Av Fs apn {]XyamIWta. Atbm at\mhm
WnIsf, \n Fs thZm\n\m[mcamWv.
AXn\m Fs thZm`ymks \inncpXv. Cu
thZm[yb\w sImmWv Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Pohnp
sImncnpXv. Rm am\knIambpw hmNnIambpw
N P
691
kZm]iymn kqcbx Znhnh NpcmXXw II K
XZzn{]mtkm hn]\zthm PmKrhmwkx
kantX II
hnjvtWmcyXv ]caw ]Zw II kXyanXyp]\njXv II
B Imcyw En\mepw ]dbsnpv. B hnjvWp
hns ]caamb ]Zs m\nI kZm ImWpp.
tZymhnse t]mse kaambnImWpXpw GIhpw al
pamb B ssNX\ys t_m[aph Ispp.
CXv kXyamIpp.
]qaZx ]qanZw
]qmXv ]qapZNyptX
]qky ]qamZmb
]qtahmhinjytX
(B ]c{_w ]qamWv. Cu kwkmchpw ]qw
Xs ]qamb {_n \nv ]qXzw Xpfpp
kwkmchpw {]h\\ncX\mIpp. kap{Zn \nv
F{X shw tImcnsbSpmepw AXnse shw
AXpt]mse \npXpt]mse {_hpw Fpw
]qambn Ahtijnpp. Hmw XXv kXv).
3
kXyw ]dbpw kXyw Fs cns. hmhns\
cns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
{]YaJWvU w
1. Hmw ]pcpj kqm \nbw hymJym
kymax]pcpjkwlnXmbmw ]pcpj kqmx
kw{KtlW t{]mNytX. kl{k iotjXy{ck
i_vt Zm\ hmNIx A\tbmP\w {]ml Zimw
Kpe hN\kvX Ym.
]pcpj kqm ]dbsnpff A
\nbw Nnnmw. ]pcpjkwlnXbm AXv Cs\
Npcpn hymJym\nncnpp. "klt{k i_vZns
Aw A\w FmWv A\tbmP\sa A
s Ipdnpp. ZimwKpew F ]Zhpw A\m
IamWv.

I 2. Xky {]Yabm hnjvtWmx tZi tXm hym]vXn
cocnXmx ZznXob bm Nmky hnjvtWmx ImetXm
hym]vXncpNytX
]pcpj kqnse BZys a{m `Khm
hnjvWpkhtZi hym]nbmsWpw ZznXob a{m
Atlw khImehym]nbmsWpw ]dbsp.
3. hnjvtWm tam {]ZXzw N IYnXw
Xp XrXobbm
GXmhm\ky alnam, FXn\m lcnbpsS
ssh`hw hnp.
4. GtXss\h N at{W NXphyqtlm
hn`mjnXx
{Xn]mZnXy\bm t{]ma\ncpky ssh`hw.
Cu aqp a{fn IqSnbpw NXp hyqlhpambn
_sncnp `KhXv kzcq]w hnp. "{Xn]mZ'
m NXp hyqlnse A\ncpaqnbpsS
ssh`hw ]dp.
5. XkvamZzncmUnXy\bm ]mZ\mcmbWmtcx
{]IrtXx ]pcpjkym]n kapXv]nx
{]ZinXm
""XkvamZv hncmSv' FXn\m ]mZ hn`qXncq]amb
\mcmbW\n \npw {]IrXnbpw ]pcpj\pw DZv` hn
Xmbn {]Xn]mZnncnpp.
6. bXv ]pcptjtWXy\bm krjvS nbx
kaocnXx
k]vXmkymk ]cn[bx kan[ kaocnXmx
"bXv ]pcptjW' FXn\m krjvSnbmIp
bn ]dXn\ptijw "k]v X mkymk'
FXn\m krj v S nbn\pff kan pI
hnpp.
7. "Xw bmanXn' at{W krjvSn
bPvRx kaocnXx
At\ss\h N at{W tamm
kapZocnXmx
""Xw b'' sa a{m Cu krjv Snsb
nsbpw ]pjvS nsbnbpw apnsbnbpw
{]Xn]mZnp.
8. ""AkvamZnXn'' N at{W PKXv krjvSnx
kaocnXm
""thZmlanXn'' a{m`ymw ssh`hw
IYnXw ltcx
""XkvamZnXn'' F a{m k]vX a{hsc
N P
692
K
bpff hnizkrjvSnsbn {]Xn]mZnp. ""thZmlw'' F
Xn\m lcnbpsS ssh`hw ]dbsp.
9. btt\Xyp]kwlmcx krjv tStamky
tNcnXxb GhtaXZv Pm\mXn kln
aptm `thZnXn.
""bt\'' F a{m krjvSnsbnbpw
apnsbnbpw D]kwlmc cq]n hnncn
pp. Cs\ ]pcpj kqsn Adnnp
ffh Xobmbpw ap\mIpp.
ZznXobJWvU w
1. AY XYm apZvKtem]\njZn. ]pcpj kpky
ssh`hw hnkvX tcW {]Xn]mZnXw hmkptZh
C{mb `KhXv m\ap]Zniy ]p\c]n kqva
{ihWmb {]WXmtb{mb ]caclky`qXw
]pcpj kqm`ymw JWvUZzbm`ymap]mZniXv.
apZvKtem]\njn ]pcpj kqssh`hs
n khnkvXmcw {]Xn]mZnnpv. B kqva PvRm\w
e`nWsapff B{KltmsS hn\b]qhw h
tZth{\v `Khm hmkptZh cp JWvUfnembn
]pcpjkqw D]tZinp.
2. Zzu JWvUmhpw tNymtXtbm b apx k
] p c p tj m \ m \ m c q] m\ m tK mN c w
kwkmcnWmaXn Zptbw hnjbw hnlmb
timZn`nx kwnjvS tZhmZn Pnlojbm kl{k
Iemhbh IeymWw ZrjvSamt{XW tamZm
thjamZtZ tX\ thjW `qaym`ntemIw hym]y
A\tbmP\ aXyXnjvTXv.
]pcpj kqn cp JWvUfpv Ahbn
hnsSp ]pcpj \maw, cq]w, m\w Fn
hbn \nsmw ap\mbXn\m kwkmcmZnIv
Zptb\mWv. AXn\m B ]pcpj {]]nse
PohnIv thn Xs Zptbamb B cq]ap
t]nv ZpxJmZnIfns]pgep tZhmZnIfpsS \I
cpXn A\ Iembpamb cq]w [cnp. B cq]w
Zi\am{Xbn tamw \Ipp. AtX cq]n
Atlw temInemsI hym]nncnpp.
3. ]pcptjm \mcmbtWm `qXw `hyw `hnjym
koXv k Gh kthjmw tam
ZmkoXv k
N khkvam alnavt\m Pymbm Xkvam
tIm]n Pymbm.
hniz krjvSnp apv {XnImemI\mb \mcmb
W am{Xta kz kzcq]n Dmbncppffq. Atlw

I alnamXni\mWv. kh PohnIpw tamZ\mWv.
Atln Ihnv Bcpan.
4. alm ]pcpj Bm\m NXp[m IrXzm {Xn]m
tZ\ ]cta thymav\nNmkoXv. CXtcW
NXpt\ A\ncp \mcmbtW\
hnizm\ymk.
B almmhv kzbw \mep cq]n Bhn`hnp.
Ahbn aqwitfmSp IqSn ]ca thyman hknp.
NXpmwiw A\ncp\mcmbW F t]cn
AdnbsSpp. B \mcmbW XsbmWv {]]w
krjvSnXv.
5. k N ]mZ \mcmbtW, PKXv {kjvSw {]Ir
Xna P\bXv. k karImbx k krjvS nI
\ Pnhm. k karImbx k krjvS n
I \PPv R nhm. tkm \ncp \mcmbW
kvXkvs sa krjvSnap]mZniXv. {_wkvXth{n
bmWn bmPIm\n [ymXzm tImi `qXw ZrVw
{Kn Itfhcw lhn [ymXzm ic`qXpw ckw
[ymssXzhu lpXzm AwKkv]imXv Itfh
tcm h{Pw lojytX. XXx kzImcym kh
{]mWn Pohm krjv S ]m]izm[ymx {]mZp
`hnjyn XXx mhc PwKamIw PKZv `
hnjyXn GtX\ Pohm at\mtcymtK\ tam
{]Imc IYnXx CXy\p ktbwx b Caw kr-
jvSn bw Pm\mXn tam{]Imcw N khambp
tcXn.
NXpmwi cq]nbmb A\ncp temI krjvSn
pthn {]IrXnsb krjvSnp. {]IrXncq]amb {_m
hn\v icocw e`nnpw krjvSnI m\w t\Sm
Ignn. Atm A\ncp\mcmbW {_mhn\v
krjvSn{Iaw D]tZinp sImSpp. Atlw {_mhn
t\mSv ]dp:""{_, Av kzw C{nbsf
bImfmbpw Iae\mfn \npw Dmb
AbpsS icocs lhnmbpw Fs Anbmbpw
hkImes BPyambpw {Kojvas kanmbpw
icXv Imes ckcq]ambpw [ym\nv bmKw \Snbm
AbpsS icocw h{Pw t]mse kpZrVambnocpw.
Atm Fm PohnIfpw DmIpw. As\ mhc
PwKa cq]nepff kq hnizhpw ZriyamIpw
Pohm ]cam kwtbmKm tamamhpw
D]tZinsp. Cu krjvSn bsbpw tam {]Im
csbpw Adnbp a\pjy ]qmbpv t\Spp.
Xr{Xob JWvUw
1. GtIm tZthm _lp[mhn\njvS APbam\m
_lp[mhnPmbX.
N P
693
bYmn PmZn clnX\mb B Htc Hcp K
tZh Xs ]e {]Imcn {]thinv At\I cq]
n {]ISambn.
2. XtaXancnXy[zcyhxD]mktX bPpcntXy
j laoZw khw bp \n. kmtaXn OtmKmx
GXkvan loZw khw {]XnjvTnXw. hnjanXn
kmx k CXn k hnZx DXnXm tZhmx
cbncnXn a\pjym amtbXy kpcmx kzt[Xn ]nXcx
tZhP\ CXn tZhP\ hnZx cq]anXn Khmx
Kh CXn A]vk cx Xw bYm btYm]mkvtX
XssYh `hXn. XkvamZv {_mWx ]pcpj cq]w
]cw {_hmlanXn `mhtbXv X{Zqt]m `hXn b
Ghw thZ.
An cq]n CXns\sbmWv A[zcyp
D]mknpXv. bPpthZnI AXns\ bPpv Fp
IcpXn kh bfnepw \ntbmKnpp. kmaKm
CXns\ kmasav IcpXpp. Zriy {]]amsI \mcm
bWcq]n \nesImffp AXns\ k
hnjsav IcpXpp. ks Adnbph AXns\
A ar Xs a pw a\ pj y [\ sa p w I cp Xp p .
Akpcm ambsbpw A]vkcpI Khs\pw
D]mkIm tZhs\pw ]nXr kz[m Fpw
Nnnpp. Cs\ CXv ]e {]Imcn IcpXpp.
Fs\ D]mknptm B hn[n ImWsSpp.
AXn\m {_ m\n ]pcpjcq]amb ]c{_w Rm
Xssbv IcpXpp. As\ `mh\ Ahs\ AXmn-
opp. Cu clkyw Adnbph\pw AtX `mhw
e`npp.
NXp JWvUw
1. XZv {_ Xm]{XbmXoXw jSvtImihn\n
pw. jUqn hPnXw ]tImimXoXw
jUv `mhhnImc iq\ytah amZn kh hneWw
`hXn. Xm]{Xbw Xzm[ymnIm [n `uXnIm[n
ssZhnIw Ir IImcy mXr PvRm\
tb t`mr t`mKt`mKanXn {Xnhn[w.
]c{_wXm]{XbmXohpw jUtImihn\nap
hpw jU qan hnhPnXhpw ]tImimXoXhpw
jUv`mh hnIm iq\yhpw kh hn[nepw hneWam
Ipp. B[ymbnIw, A[n`uXoIw, B[n ssZhoIw
F Xm]{Xb IrI Imcyw m\mXr
tbw t`mr t`mKt`mKyw Fv aqv hn[amWv.
2. XzMv amwk timWnXmn kv\mbp
amx jSv
tImim Imat{Im[ tem`tamlaZ
amcy amXymZn

I jSvh mx Aab{]mWat\mab
hnPvRm\abm \abm CXn ]
tImimx {]nbm
P\\ h\ ]cnWmab\mimx
jUv `mhmx
Ai\mbm ]n]mkm timItaml Pcmacm
\oXn jUq
abx IpetKm{X PmXn hm{iacq]mWn
jUv {`amx GXtZymtK\ ]ca ]pcptjm
Pothm `hXn, \m\y;
Nw, amwkw, cw, An, \mUn, a, Ch
Bdpw jUv tImi; Imaw t{Im[w tamlw, tem`w
aZw amcyw Ch i{Xpfmb jUv h; {]mW
abw tat\mabw Aabw B\abw hnPvRm\abw Ch
Apw ]tImi; {]nbXzw P\\Xzw, hrn
]cnWmawbw, \miw Ch Bdpw jUv `mh;
hniv, Zmlw, timIw, tamlw, PcarXyp Ch Bdpw
jUaqnI; PmXn, hw, B{iaw, Ipew, tKm{Xw,
cq]w C h Bdpw jU v { `a; C hbpsSsbmw
kwtbmKmemWv ]ca]pcpj Poh\mbnocpXv.
ap hn[ne.
3. b GXZp]\njZw \nXya[otX tkm n
]qtXm `hXn. khmbp ]qtXm `hXn. k BZnXy
]qtXm `hXn. AtcmKo `hXn. {ioamw `hXn.
]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn. {ioamw
`hXn. ]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn.{ioamw
`hXn. ]p{X]\{XmZn`nx kartm `hXn. hnZzmw
`h Xn. e alm]mX ImXv ] qtXm `hXn.
kpcm]m\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. AKaymKa\mXv ]qtXm
`hXn. amXrKa\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. ZplnXr
kv\ pjm`n Ka\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. kzkvt X
bmXv ]qtXm `hXn thZn P lm\mXv ]qtXm
`hXn. ZplnXrkv\pjm`n Ka\mXv ]qtXm `hXn.
Kptcmc{iqjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn. AbmPybm-
P\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. AZy `WmXv ]qtXm
`hXn. D{K{]Xn{KlmXv ]qtXm `hXn. ]cZmcK
a\mXv ]qtXm `hXn. Imat{Im[ tem` tamtl
jym Zn`nc_m[ntXm `hXn. kth`yx ]mt]t`ym
aptm `hXn. Cl P\n ]pcptjm `hXn.
Fpw Cu D]\njv hmbnph An]q
Q
N P
694
X\pw hmbp]qX\pw AtcmKnbpw sFizcyhm\pw
K
]p{X]u{XmZnkar\pw hnZzm\pw alm]m]hnapIvX\pw
aZy]m\tZmj hnap\pw AKayKa\ ]m]hnap\pw
amXrZplnXrkv\pjmZnKa\]m] hnap\pw Bbno
cpp. Kpcpip{iqj sNmXncn, A`y `Ww
]cZmcKa\w apXemb ]m]n \nv hnapIvX\mIp
p. Ahs\ Imat{Im[ tem` tamtljymZnI _m[n
n. kh]m]hnap\mbn Cu Pn Xs
]pcpj\mbn Ah km\y\mIpp.
4. XkvamtZXXv ]pcpj kqmaXnclkyw
cmPKplyw tZh Kplyw KplymZ]n KplyXcw
\mZonXmtbm]ZntiXv; \m\qNm\mb
\mb ioemb' \msshjv Whmb
\mtbmKnt\ \
_lp `mjntW \m {]nb hmZnt\
\mkw hc thZnt\ \mXpjvSmb
\m\[oX thZmb D]ZntiXv
Kpcpct]yhw hnXv
ipNu tZti ]pWy\t{X {]mWm\mbay
]pcpjw [ymbp]kmb injymb ZnW
It. ]p cpj kq{Xm ap] Zn tiXv
hnZzm \ _lptim htZXv bmXbmtam `hXn.
AkIrXv Iap]ZntiXv. GXXv IphmtWm
At[yXm A[ym]I Cl P\n ]pcptjm
`hXoXyp]\njXv.
AXpsImv Cu ]pcpjkqmw cmPKplyhpw
tZhKplyhpw KplymXvKplyXchpamWv. CXns A
w AXyw clkyamWv. A`nnX\pw A\qNm\\pw
Abioe\pw AsshjvWh\pw AtbmKnpw _lp
`mjnpw. A{]nbhmZnpw A\[oXthZ\pw CXv
DtZincpXv. hnZzm\mb Kpcp hnip m\ncpv
]pWy\{Xn {]mWmbmatmsS ]c]pcpjs\
[ym\nv hn\bPnmkm\znX\mb injys heXp
sNhnbn ]pcpjkqma]tZinpI. Gsd
]dbcpXv. As\ sNbvXm D]tZiw ZqjnXamIpw.
sNhnbn ]ehw ]dp sImSpWw. Cs\ D]-
tZinm At[yXmhpw A[ym]I\pw ]pcpj\mbn
`hnpw Fv D]\njv \ntinpp.
apZvKtem]\njv kam]np.

I K
1 ssass{X-b-Wyp-]-\n-jv 3
imn]mTw
Hmw. B]ymbp aamwKm\w hmIv {]mW
p t{imXmatYm_ean{nbmWn N khmWv.
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw
hm\m {_ \ncmImtcm Z \ncmIcW akv X z
\ncmIcWw ta Akv X p XZm\n \nctX b
D]\njXv kp [mkv X abn kp. tXabn
kp. Hmw imn: imn: imn:
Hmw Fs AwK ]cn]pjvSn {]m]ns. hmv
{]mW t\{Xw t{im{Xw Fnhbpw C{nbfpw ]pjvSn
{]m]ns. CXv D]\njZpamb {_amWv. Rm
AXns\ \ncmIcnpn. {_w Fs ]cnXyPnm
Xncns. F\npw {_n\pw Xn At`Zyamb
_w DmIs. {_ \ncX\mb Fn D]\nj-
Zpfmb [ nXnsNs. Hmw. imn:
imn: imn:
Hmw _rl{ZtYm ssh\ma cmPm cmtPy
tPyjv T w ]p{Xw \n[m]bnXzm GX aimizXw
a\ yam\mx ic ocw ss hc mKy apt]tX mcW yw
\nPKma. kX{X ]caw X] Bmb BZnXy
aoamW Du[z _mKpkvXnjvTt kl{kky
ap\ncnIamPKmamK\ncnhm[paIkv t XPkm
\ n Z l nh m h nX v `K h m i mI mb\ y
DnjvtTmnjvT hcw hrWojzm AXn cmP\
a{_ h oX v. k X k vs s a \ a k vI r tX y m h mN
`Khmmlam hnw XXz hnXv irWptam
hbw kXzw t\m {_qlotXyXZv {hXw ]pckvXm
ZiIyw am]rp {]iv \ ssazm XIm\ym
Imam hrWotjzXn imImb\yky NcWm h`n
apiyamt\mcmtPamw KmYmw PKmZ.
Cu icocw A\nXyamsW t_m[w _rl{ZY
F cmPmhn\papmbn. AtXmsS Atln\v sshcm-
Kyw DZbw sNbvXp. Xqew cmPys tPyjvT]p{Xs\
Gev]nv h\ntep t]mbn. AhnsS Atlw Gsd-
mew ITn\ X]p sNbvXp. kqcym`napJambn \np-
sImv Atlw Du[z_mlphmbn \nebpdnp.
Bbncw hjw Igntm Atlns X]cy-
bpsS ^eambn Bm\nbmb imImb\ F
ap\n Atlns ASpsen. ]pIbnm
Ansbtmse Atlns tXPv {]Iminp.
Atlw cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp-: Fgptq.... Fgp
tq. hcw BhiysSpI.
N P
695
cmPmhv ]dp: `Khms\, Rm Bm\n-
bmsWv Rm tInpv. AXn\m F\nv B-
m\amIp hcw XctW; AXp tIv ap\n ]dp:
CzmIp hwiP\mb cmPmth, assnepw hcw tNmZn-
psImpI. ]p apXte hfsc hfsc ITn\sap
IcpXntm Cu hcw tNmZncpXv. CXv tIv _rl{Z
Y imImb\s ]mZ {Klnp Cs\ ]dp.
2. `Kh\\n N kv \ mbp am amwk
ip{I timWnX tjvam {ip ZpjntX hn aq{Xm
hmX]n I^ kwLmtX ZpKt \nmtc f
kvan icotc Inw Imtam]t`mssK:
3. Imat{Im[ tem` `btamlhnjmtZ thyjvS
h ntb mK m\ nj vS k w{] bK X aX v ] n ] mk m
CcmarXyp tcmK timImss[y c`n]tX f kva n
icotc Inw Imtam ] t`m ssKx
4. k h w tN Z w bn j vW p ] i y mtam
btYtaZwiaiImZb kvI rWhXv \y X tbmZv
`qX {]m[znwkn\x
5. AY In ta ssX hm ]tc f t\y alm [\p
[cm {Ihn\: tINnXv kpZypav\: `qcnZypav\:
C { Z y p av\ : I p h e bmi z buh \ mi zh Z v
[nbmizmiz]Xn: ii_np: lcn{ Aw_co
tj ma\ q k zmbmX n: bbmX n: A \ c W y :
Djtk\: Dacp `cX{]`rXtbm cmPmt\m
anjtXm _phky alXow {Xnbw Iyzm
AkvamXv temImXn Aapw temIw {]bmn:
6. AY IntassX hm ]tc f t\y Kh
hmkpc bcmk `qXKW ]nimtNmcK
{KlmZo\mw \ntcm[\w ]iyma:
`Khms\, Cu icocw Am, Nw, kv\mbp,
a, amwkw, cw A{ip, akw , aq{Xw, hmXw, ]w,
I^w FnhtbmSp IqSnbXpw ZpK]qcnXhpw
\nmchpamWv B nXnv hnjb kpJsfsmv
Fsmcp]tbmKw? Cu icocw Imaw t{Im[w tem`w `bw
ZpxJw Cujy {]nb P\hntbmKw hniv Zmlw
hm[Iyw acWw. tcmKw timIw Fnhbm ]oUnX
amWv . B \nev hnjb kpJsfsmsp
{]tbmP\w? Cu kakvX PKpw \{iamWv. a\pjy
XpSnb kIeXpw acWaSbpXv Rm ImWpp.
AXpt]mse sImXpIp XpSnbh t]mse Gsd \m
PohnpXn\p app Np t]mIpp. henb henb

I hnmfnIfpw, kpZypav\, `qcnZypav\ CvZypav\ Iphe
bmizc [nbmiz Aip]Xn ii_np, lcn{
Aw_co a\pjy]p{X\mb icymXn bbmXn A\c
Wy Dtk\ acp, `cX apXemb henb
henb N{Ihnam t]mepw XfpsS _p
Ip sImncnth Xs Cu temInse kIe
sFizcyfpw D]tbmKnv ]ctemIw {]m]n nXnv
apv kqNnn IoSfpsS nXnsbn Fp
]dbm\mWv. a\pjy am{Xa Khm Akpcm
bm cmkm `qX ]nimNp k]y
apXembhbpw \miaSbpXmbn \mw ImWpp.
7. AY In ta ssX hm\ym\mw timjWw
alm hm\mw inJcnWmw {]]X\w. {[phky
{]Ne\w m\w hm XcpWmw \na\w ]rYn
hym: m\m Z]kcw kpcmWmw; tkm f l
antXy hw hnt[ kvan kwkmtc Inw Imtam]
tZmssKssbtchm {inXkym kIrZnlmh\w
ZryX CXn Dpw AlkoXy tm Z
] m\ t m t`I C h ml ak van k w k mtc
`Khm; kXzw t\m KXn kvXzw t\m KXn:
Asn AhbpsS Imcyw t]mIs. henb
kap{Z t]mepw hntmIpp; ]hX s]mn
Icpp. {[ph\{Xhpw kzm\v ncambncnp
n. hr \new ]XnppN `qanbpw Hcp
m\v ncambn \npn. tZhmv m\
Ne\w DmIpp. B \nev Almcw \nd Cu
temIn hnjb kpJfn IpSpnnSpXp
sImv FmsWmcp KpWw? hnjbn IpSpnbh
hopw hopw P\\N{In IpSpnbh hopw
ho pw P\\N{I n IpSp pp. A Xn\m
`Khms\, AIq]n hoW Xhfsbtmse Cu
temIn Rm\pw hoWncnpp. Av Fs
DcnWw. Rm Asb icWw {]m]npp.
AmsWmcm{ibw.
cmw {]]mTIw
1. AY `Khm imI mb\y : kp{]oX: kp
A{_hoXv cmPm\mw almcmP, _rl{ZtY
zmIphwi [zP iojmP: IrXIrXykvXzw
acpXv\mat\Xn hn{iptXmkoXn Abw hmhJezm
xtXmx IXtam `Khm hw CXn Xw hmtNXn.
2. b G tjm DzkmhnjvSphjvSw `t\t\m
[ zap X v {I mt m h y bamt\ m h y am\ k v\ a:
{]Wp`tXyj Bt Xyml `Khm ssa{Xox
C tX y h w A l w A Y b G j k w {] mk m
tZmkva cocmXv kapmb ]cw tPymXn cq]
kw]Zy tkz\ cqt]W A`n\njv ] ZyX Gj
N P
696
B tXn t_mhmssNX `arXh`b taXXv . K
{_tXn.
]ns `Khm\mb imImb\y Gsd {]k\mbn
cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp. {_{ZYalmcmPmth, Av
CzmIp hwiP\mb {]PiojcmPmhns ]p{X\mWv.
acpv F \man hnJymX\pw Fmhn[nepw
IrXIrXy\pamWv. Bmhv Gs\sbv Rm
Atbvv ]dpXcWw ap\n ]dp: _mlyfmb
C{nbsf \ntcm[nptm Cu {]mW\mIp
Bmhv tbmKw aptJ\ apIfntemv Ibdpp. AXv
ZpxJmIsap tXmnbmepw bYmn ZpxJlo
\hpw AImc\miIhpamWv. Cu BmhpXsbmWv
icocn\p shfnbn hv ]ca tPymXn kzcq]amb
{_s {]m]np Xs kzcq]n ncambn
nXnsNpXv. Cu Bmhv A`b cq]hpamWv.
3. AY Jezn]nbw {_hnZym kthm]\njZv
hnZym hm cmPkvamIw `KhXm ssat{XtbW
hymJymXm f ltX IYbnjym ao Xy Ym]lN
] m] v am\ k vaX n tX P k . DuZ [ ztc X tk m
_meJneym CXn {ipbt f tX {]Pm]Xn
a{_ph `Kh iISanhm tNX\ anXrw icocw
I s s k y j J e v] o Z r ti m al namb X o { ob
`qXkytbss\ XZzn [anZw tNX\hXv {]XnjvTm
h nX w {] tamZ bnX m f k y t I m `K h t X
`kvamIw {_qloXn Xm tlmhmN.
cmPmthm kakvtXm]\njpfpw Fns\n
bmtWm D]tZinpXv B {_snbp
m\w `Khm ssat{Xb Rv \Inbnpv.
AXns\s Rm Abv v ]dpXcmw. ]m]w
\inhcpw tXtPmcq]nIfpw {_NmcnIfpamb ap\nam
{]ikvXcmWv. Ah Hcn {_mhnt\mSv tNmZnp.
`Khms\ Cu icocw iISXpeyamWv. B kvYnXnv
Fns alnabnemWv GXv C{nbns kmnyw
sImmWv ssNX\y]msWp tXmphn[w
{]XnjvT {]m]npXv? B Imcyw Rv ]dp
XcnI.
4. tb l Jep hmtNm ]cn: {ipbtX k hm
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Xm tlmhmNm.
{_mhv ]dp: hmn\XoXsap ]dbsSp
iphpw ]hn{Xhpw iq\yhpw imhpw A{]amWhpw
A\hpw Ahn\minbpw nchpw k\mX\hpw
PclnXhpw kzX{hpamb Bmhns alnabmWv

I CmWpsXmw. AXp aptJ\bmWv icocn
ssNX\ykZriamb {]XnjvT InpXv . CXptIv
_mehneym tNmZnp: `Khms\, Cu Bmhv Cm
clnXambncpnpw icocn ssNX\ykZriamb
{]XnjvT InpXv. CXptIv _mehneym tNmZnp:-
`Khms\, Cu Bmhv CmclnXambncpnpw icoc
n ssNX\ycq]n Fs\bmWv Ddp \np
Xv, CXp Fn\p t{]cW sImSppp? FmWv
CXns alXzw {_mhv ]dp.
5. k hm Gj kqvtam f {Kmtlym AZriy:
]pcpj kwmtIm _pn]qjan ssl hm
htX Awit\Xn. kp]v X tky ]m _pn
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tjm f hytkyXn. tX tlm Np: `Kh, bZv
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hXv {]XnjvT mhnXw {]tNmZbnXm sshtjm f ky
IYanXn Xm tlmhmtNXn.
Cu Bmhv kqv ahpw A{Km]yhpw AZyiyhp
amIpp. ]pcpjs\mWXns t]cv Xs Hcwim
AXv ChnsS _pn]qw {]hnpp. Ddp
hs\ DWpI CXns Hcwisas{X. kIePohnI
fnepw Pohmmhmbn hnpXv AXp Xs. AXv
kIe icocnepw t{Xm\cq]n hn
pp. tXPpw kev]bphpw AXpXs. {]Pm
]Xn cq]hpw khZinbpamWXv. B ssNX\ymemWv
icocw ktNX\mbn hnpXv. _meJneym
tNmZnp: `Khm Cu Bmhv AJWvUambncpnv
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{_mhp ]dp:
6. {]Pm]Xnhm GtIm f t{K AXnjvTXv. k
\mcaX GI: k Bm\a`n[ymXzm _lzo:
{]Pm: AkrPXv. Xm Asskyhm {]hrm
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\mc`X. tkm f a\yssXmkmw {]Xnt_m[\mbm
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k ][mm\w {]hn` tPymNytX b: {]mtWm
f ]m\w kam\ DZmt\m hym\ CXn.
BZyw {]Pm]Xn am{Xta Dmbncppp. GImIn
bmbXn\m Btln\v kzX e`nn. Xqew
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Xsapw XqWpt]mse PUsapw Atln\v a\n
N P
697
emm Ignp. AXnjvSsSmsX Cu {]PIsf K
ktNX\amm Chbv pn {]thinWsav
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s\tmse Ahbn {]thinp As\ Htc {]mW
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N GtX jm ac {]kqXn tcthmZm ky Y tbm
f bw sshj hmh k DZm\:
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KpZ o\s n pXv k am\; XnnIbpw
IpSnpIbpw Xmtgmpw apIfntempw t]mIpIbpw sNbvXv
icoc{]h\w \nb{npXv DZm\, \mUnIfn
\ndncnpXv hym\. #nXmWv ]hmbpfpsS
GItZi kz`mhw.
8. AtYm]mwipccytfm aap]mw iptaXtbm
c c m tZ h uj vW y w {] m k h Z y Z u j W y w
k ] p c p tj m Y b: ] p c p j : tk m A n
sshzm\tcm ]y \y{X A]n Abpan
sshizm\tcm tbmba: ]pcptjm tbt\ Zaw
]NytX bZnZaZytX XsskyjtLmjm `hXn
btZ X X v I m h ] n[ zm b i r tW m X n k
btZ m X v{I anj y `h X n s s \ \ w t L mj w
irtWmXn.
DjvWXm ]pcpj Fp ]dbpXv kao]n
AcymanbmIpw Hcp bman\pn FcnSp
Xpw As\ cn\pw at[y DjvW amkfnep
mIp Djv WamWv. AXpXs sshizm\cs\
An. As\ Dn hknp ]pcpj\mWv sshizm
\cmnsbpw AXpXsbmWv `nsSp Aw
ZlnnpsXpw AdnbpI. AXns i_vZw Xs
bmWv AIv tIsSpXv. ImXSm tIp
i_v Z w A Xp Xs icoc n \nv {]mW
hnIm Cu i_vZw tIn.
9. k hm Gj ][m f m\w {]hn`Py
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k hm Gtjm f kva Xv lrZcmXv AIrXm
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am\n`ntXzmZnX: ]Rvaociva n`n hnibm\oXn
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m {]IrXnatbm f ky {]tXmtZt\\ Jep

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{]Pm]XnbmIp Bmhv kzbw Ambn hn`Pnv
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k ns s X : I ^ s s e c \ `n`qX C h {] X n
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KpW htb\ ]tS\mm\a [mb Ahn
tXm CXyhnX CXn.
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shpw ip`mip`IfpsS ^eambn _\mbncnp
pshpw. AXv \anw `n`nicocfn kcn
psImncnpIbmsWpw tXmntmIpw. Fm
bY m n A Xv A hy hpw k q v a a hpw
A{Klyhpa XmclnXhpw BsWv a\nemm
Ignbpw AXv khmmclnXamWv. AXn Ir
Xzansnepw AXv ImhmsW\v tXmntmIpp.
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clnXhpw CmclnXhpw Zrjv Ssahn[w kzI
^ea\p`hnpXmbn tXmsSpXpamIpp.
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N P
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a m\w amcyw \njv I mcpWyw aqVXzw,
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B]vt \mXn CXn B]vt\mXn.
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ZpxJw, tIm]w, hmIyw, hniv, Zmlw, ssZ\yw, \n{Z,
Bekyw, \mkvXnIyw, Am\w, amcyw, \n`bX,
auVyw, ebnmbva, IrXLv\X, Almcw, hnjaX
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N P
699
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] kw`hnpp.
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tlmhmtNXn.
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kw`hnmXncnpnStmfw AXns\ lrZbn
\ntcm[nWw. AXp Xs m\nsbpw tam
nsbpw kmcw. kam[n aptJ\ amen\yw ZqcoIr
XamhpIbpw Bmhn kwtbmPnnsSpIbpw
sNp Nnw B\a\p`hnpp. AXv hnm
{]bmkw. Pen Pehpw Anbn Anbpw BIm-
in BImihpw tNp Ignm ]ns {]YIv
`mhan. AXpt]mse Nnebw kw`hnm a\pjy
ap\mIpp. a\pjycpsS _tamp ImcWw
a \ p Xs b mW v . hnj b mh nap a mb a \ v
tamn\pw ImcWamIpp.
12. AY btY\w IuXv kmb\ kvXpXn:
Xzw {_m Xzw N ssh hnjvWpkvXzw
cp{ZkvXzw {]Pm]Xn Xzan hcptWm
hmbvkvX zan{ kvXzw \ncmIc:
13. Xzw a\pkvXmw NakvXmw ]rYohoXzw
JaYmNypX:
kzmt kz`mhntIt N
_lp[mkwnXn kvXzbn
14. hntizizc \kvX p `yw hnizmm
hnizI IrXv
hniz `Kv hniz ambpkvXzw hniz
{IoUmcXn: {]`p:
15. \a: immt\ Xp`yw \ tam KplyX
amb N ANnym bm t{]tabmb A\mZn
\n[\mb tNXn
IuXv kymb\s kvX pXn: \o {_amWv. \o
hnjv WphmWv. \o cp{Z\mWv,\o {]Pm]XnbmWv, \o
A nbmWv , \ohcpW\mWv \o hmbphmWv , \o
C{\mWv. \o N{\mWv \o a\phmWv, \oba\mWv, \o
]rYznhmWv, \o ANypX\mWv, \o XsbmWv hnjb
cq]n kzm`mhnIamb AnepXv . \o
XsbmWv kzn Atb {]Imcn hkn
pXv. kthizc, \n\v \akv mcw. \o Is
khmmhpw khIIcvUmhpw ambm ab\pw
kh {IoUmcX\pw {]`phpw \o Xs. tl im
kzcq]m \n\v \akvI mcw. KqV Xa\pw ANny\pw
A{]tab\pw A\mZn\n[\\pw BWv \o.
16. \tam hm CZ a{K B kotZIw XXv ]tckymXv
X X v ] tc tW c nX w h nj i a X ze w {] b mX n.
GXcq]w ssh cPkv X {ZP: Jep CucnXw
N P
701
hnjaXzw {]bmXn. GXssZzkXzky cq]w XXv K
kXzt\thcnXw ck: kw{h {kmhXv. tkmw f
timbw btXmam{X: {]Xn ]pcpj: t{X:
k e v] m[ y h k mbm`nam\ e nwK : {] P m] X n:
hntizXyky {]mKpm G \mkvX \a: AY tbm
l Jep hm hky Xmatkmw f tim ku k
{_Nmcn tWm tbm f bw cpt{Zm f Y tbml
Jep hmhky cPtkmw tim ku k {_
NmcntWm tbm f bw {_m f Y tbm l Jep
h mh k y k mX zntI mw f ti m k uk {_
NmcntWm tbm f bw hnjvWp. k hm Gj GI
kv{ Xo[m`qtXm f jvSss[Im Zi[m ZzmZi[m
f ]cn anX[m hthmZv `qX DZv`qXXzmZv `qXw
`qtXjp NcXn {]hnjvS: k `qXm\m a[p]Xn
_`qth Xykm hmm f _lnKzm
hlnm
AXv krjv Snpapv tIhew AImaabambn
cpp. ]noSv ]cammhn \npw t{]cWbm
C{nbhnjbambn . CXnsem\v ctPmKpWkzcq]hpamWv.
AtX {]Imcw CXv ctamKpWns cq]hpamWv. t{]cW
e`n Xtam KpWw Xs Xtam KpWn \npm
bXpt]mse CXv kXv en \nv DZbw sImXp
t]mse Hmtcm Pohnbnepw IpSnsImpXv t{X
kzcq]n D ssNX\y kXs. ]cammhns
Awiw Xs AXv . \nnX kzcq]amWXv. ]camm
hns Ghpw hepXpw t{ijvTamb icocw {_m
hnjvWp atlizcmcmsWv ]dbsSpp. AXn
]cammhns ctPmKpWmw iw {_mhmWv. Xtam
KpWmw iw cp{Z.
hnjvWphmWv kXzKpWmwiw. Hcp ]cammhv
XsbmWv aqp cq]fnepw Fp cq]fnepw
]Xns\mv cq]fnepw ]{p cq]fnepw A\Iw
cq]fnepw ImWsSpXv. AXv A\ambn Hmtcm
`qXnepapv. kh{]mWnIfpsS A[n]XnbmWv AXv.
AXnemWv AIpw ]pdpw Bcq]n IpSn
sImpXv.
Amw {]m]mTIw
1. ZznZm hm Gj Bm\w hn`Xybw bx
{]mtWm bmkmhnZnXyx AY Zzu hm GXm
A ky ] m \m A _ ln ml c mt{X
sWtXm hymht tX. Aku hm BZntXym
_ lnc m mIy mKX y m c m t\mf \ aob tX
KXncntXyhw lymhw. AY bx InXv hnZzm
A]lX]m]va m f m[ytm f hZmXa\mkvX
njv T Bhr Npx tkm AcmIym
KXym _lncmt\m f \paobtX KXncntXyhw

I lyml AY b Gtjm f cmZntXy lncbx
]pcptjm bx ]iyXn amw lncWy f hm
Gtjm f tc lrXvjvIc Gh B{intXm A-
an.
1. ]cammhv cv Xcnep Bmhp AYhm
kzcq]sf [cnpp. Cu {]mW\pw kqcy\pw BZn
bn Dmbncpp. Ah AIpw ]pdpw cmhpw
]Iepw kcnp sImncpp. kqcy _mlymmhpw
{]mW AmcmmhpamIpp. CXns KXnbm Xs
CXv AcmmhmsWv a\nemmw. CXv KXn cq]
amsWv thZ A`n{]mbsSpp. ]m] clnXamb
m\n khmy\mbnXocpp. Ahs a\v
ipamIpw. Ah ]cam \njvT\pw Ahs m\
Npv XpdpIbpw Ah Acmmhn Xs
nXn sNsSpIbpw sNpp. i{Xp aptJ\ Ah
]pdtp t]mIpp. Bmhns KXn A\pam\n
mhpXmsWmWv thZfpsS A`naXw. kqcys
AImbn ImWp lncb ]pcpj \app
lncWyw ({]mImiw) t]mse tXmpp. lrZbIae
n IpSnsImpXv ]pcpj XsbmWv. AXv X-
s Aw `npp.
2. AY b G tjm f tc lrX v ] pjvIc
Ghm{inXx A an k Gjx Anx Znhn
{inXx kucx ImemtJym fZriymx kh`qXm\n
AaoXn. Imx ]pjvIcx Inw atbm thXn. CZw
h mh X X v ] p j vI c w t bm f b am I mti m
ftk y mam X t{k mZ ni k vN X {k D] Z nti m
Zekwm Bkw. AhmKznNcX GXm D]Zntim
Z e k w m B k w. A h mK znN c X G X m
{]mtWmZnXym GXm D]mkoX Hm\ntXyZtcW
hym]rXn`nx kmhnXymx tNXn.
lrZbIaen nX\mbn Aw `npXv
Xsbmb Cu kqcy X\n cq]n BImin
hknpXv. BZriycq]nencpv CXv kh`qXfm
Ip As `npp. Cu Iaew FmWv?
CXn\v Fdnbmw? CXmWv CXns Dcw Cu
BImiamWv Iaew. Cu \mep ZnpIfnepw \mep D]
ZnpIfnepw AXv nXn sNppv. Fmn\pw
AXoXamb Cu {]mWs\bpw BZnXys\bpw HmwF
AcneqsSbpw hymlrXnIfneqsSbpw Kmb{Xn
a{neqsSbpw D]mknWw.
3. tZz hmh {_tWm cqt] aqw Nmaqw
NmY baqw XZkXyw bZaqw. XXy
XZv {_ XtymXnx btymXnx k BZnXy
k h m G j Hma ntX y X Z mX v am `h X v k
t{X[mm\w hymIpcptXm anXn Xnt{km am{Xm
GXm`nx khanZw HmXw t{]mXw N GhkvaoXn
N P
702
K
G h w l y ms s l X Z m B Z nX y Hmant X y h w
[ymbtX. Bm\w bpRvPotXXn.
{_n\pw aqw, Aaqw Fns\ cv
k zcq] f p v , aq w A k Xyhpw A aq w
kXyhpamWv. AXv XsbmWv {_w. {_w Xs
tPymXnv. tPymXnmWv Hmw AXv XsbmWv Bmhv.
Bmhv Xs kzcq]s aqmbn hn`Pnpp. Hmw
aqp am{XIfpsS cq]nemIpp. Cu aqpam{XIfn
khhpw HmXt{]mXambncnpp. CXn\mWv khhpw
nXn sNpsX thZ DZvt Lmjnpp.
Asn BZnXy XsbmWv Hmw Fp [ym\np
Bmhns\ ]pcpj AXpambn tNWw.
4. AY\y{Xm ]pw AYJep b DZvKoYx k
{]Wthm bx {]Whx k DZvKoY CXyku hm
BZnXy DZv K oY Gj{]Whm CtXyku hm
B Z nX y DZ vK oY G j {] W h m C t X y h w
lymtlmZvKoYw {]WhmJyw {]mtWXmcw `mc
cq]w hnKX\n{Zw hnPcwhnarXypw {Xn Zw Xycw
]p\x ][m tbw \nlnXw Kplmbman-
tXyhw lymlw Duz aqew {Xn]mZv {_ imJm
B I mi h mbp A n DZ I ` qay mZ b G I x
Aiz\msaXZv {_ss Xssky XttPm
bZkm hZnXyx HmantXyXZcky ssNXXv .
XkvamXv. HmantXyt\\ GXZp]mkoXm P{kanXn.
GtIm ky kwt_m[abtX tXy hw lyml.
GXtZh mcw ]pWy taXtZhmc w ]cw
GXtZh mcw ]pWy taXtZhmc w ]cw
tZXtZhmcw mXzmtbmbZnXn Xky XXv.
DZvKoYw (kmathZnse Hcp `mKw) BWv {]Whw
{]Whw XsbmWv DZvKoYsav thsdsbmcnSv
]dncnpp. {]Whw F\\ \maap Xzw BWv
khsbpw krjvSnpXv. CXv \mahpw cq]hpw
\n{ZmclnXhpw hrmh CmXpw arXypclnX
hpamWv. AXn\v Aphn[apv. AXv lrZbipnbn
hknppshv {ipXnbn ]dbpp. CXns aqew
apIfnepw imJI {_w hscsbpXpamIpp.
BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew ]rYzn FnhbmWv
imJI C GIIzneqsS Fmw {Klnmw. CXm
Ipp {_w. khPlpw AXns kzcq]amIpp.
Hmw F Acns kzcq]amWv kqcy AXn\m
Hmw F Ac{_s {]mnWw. AXneqsS
AXns GIam{Xamb cks a\nemWsav
{ipXnbn ]dbppv. Cu ]hn{Xamb Acs
a\nemn a\pjy Fm{Klnmepw AXv Ah\v
knnpw.
5. A Y m\ y {X m] y w k z\ h tX y j m f
kyX\q tbm anXnkv{Xo ]pw\]pwktIXnenw-

I KhtXyjm f Ym{_m cpt{Zm hnjvWp cnXy
[n]XnhtXyjm f YKml]tXym ZnWmncm-
lh\ob CXnapJhtXy jm f Y EK y Ppx
kmtaXn hnm\htXyjm `q`phx kzcnXntem
I h tX y j m Y `q X w `h y w `h nj y Z nX n
ImehtXyjm Y {]mtWm f nx kqcy CXn
{]Xm]htXyjm f Yam]{am CXym]ymb\
h tX y j m f Y _ p n at \ m fl wI mc
tNX\htXyjm f Y {]mtWm f at\mhym\ CXn
{] mWhtXyt XyX Hman\y pt ss\X mx
{]kv X pXm AnXm AnXm `hntXyhw.
lymssl AssZz kXymImw ]cw Nm]cw N {_
btZmantXyX canXn.
hopw ap]ebnSpw {_icocw i_vZnpp
shv AXv HmwImcsav ]dbppshpw {]kv Xm
hnnpv. kv{Xo]pcpj \]pwkenwK apamIpp CXv.
An, hmbp, kqcy Fo cq]fn {]Imiam\mamb
CXv cp{Z, hnjvWp, Fo cq]fn A[n]XnbmWv.
Kmly]Xyw, ZnWmn, Blh\obw Fnh CXns
aqp apJfmIpp.
EtKzZw, bPpthZw, kmathZw Fo thZ
sfpdnv AXn\v Adnbmw. `px `qhx, kzx Fnh
CXns ImefpamWv. {]mW, An, BZnXy,
Fnh AXns {]Xm]hpw Aw, Pew, N{ Fnh
CXns {]mWfpamsWv At\Iw t] A`n{]mbs
npv. Rm XyPnpp Fv AXv ]dbsncnpp.
AXns\ kv XpXnph\pw AWw sNph\pw
BIpp Fv {ipXnbn ]dbpp. kXyIma, CXv
Xs, CXv XsbmIp ]cm]c{_w CXv Hmw F
AcamIppx
6. AYmhymlrXw hm CZa koXv k kXyw
{]Pm]Xn kvX]kvX]vXzm A\phymlcZv`px `qhx
kzcntXy ssjhmky {]Pm]tXx hnjv T m
X \ q bte mI h X oX nk zc nX y k y mx
intcm\m`nc`pthm `qx ]mZm B ZnXypx
N pc mb ml n ] p c p jk y al X oam{X m
N p j m l y bw am{ X m c X n kXyw
sshNpcnWy hntXmln ]pcpjx kthm
f t j p N c X n . G X k vam Z v `q `p h x
kzcnXyp]mkoXm t\\ ln {]mPm]Xn hnizm
kvam hnjzNqcnthm ]mkntXm `hXntXyhw
lyml. Gj m ssh {]P m]tX hniz`r
\ qtc X k y m anZ w k h a l nX ak vanw
k h k ant j m l ntX X n . X k vam tZ -
tjm]mkoX.
FmtWm hnhcnXv AXv kXyw. {]Pm]Xn X]v
sNbvXv Dcn `px `qhx kzx Fnh aqpw CXns
N P
703
temIfpw, `qXw, `mhn, ham\w Fnh CXns K
ImefpamWv. {]mW, An, BZnXy Fnh
AXns {]Xm]hpw Aw, Pew, N{ Fnh
AXns t]mjWhpamWv. a\v, _pn, Almcw
Fnh CXns tNX\bpw {]mW, A]m\, hym\
Fnh CXns {]mWfpamsWv At\Iw t]
A`n{]mbsnpv . Rm XyPnpp Fv AXv
]dbsncnpp. AXns\ kvXpXnph\pw A
Ww sNph\pw BIpp. Fv {ipXnbn ]dbpp.
kXyIma, CXpXs, CXv XsbmIp ]cm]c{_
w CXv Hmw F AcamIpp.
t\{Xn IpSnsImp ]pcpj XsbmWv
kh ]Zmsf kw_nv hnhcnp XcpXv.
AXn\m `px, `qhx, kzx F hn[n{]ImcamWv D]mkn
tXv. Aw XsbmIpp {]Pm]Xn FmhcpsS
Bmhpw Nppw t]mse AXv D]mkyamsWv
thZw ]dbppv. PKns icocamIp {]Pm]Xn.
CXn khhpw nXnsNpp. Ah Chbnsem
bnSpw nXn sNpXn\m CXns\ D]mknt
XmWv.
7. XXv khnXp htcWy anXyku hm BZnXyx
khnX k hm Ghw {]hcWob BZnXyx khnX
k hm Ghw {]hcWob B Imtat\Xymlq
{_hmZnt\m Y`tm tZhky[oaloXn khnXm
ssh tZhkv X tXm tbm ky `mJymkv X w
Nn bmaoXyml p {_ hmZ nt\m Y[ntbm
`bm\x {]tNmZbmZnXn _ptbmssh [nbkvXm
tbm kvamIw {]tNmKbmZnXymlp {_hmZn\x
AY` CXntbmlhm Aapjv NnmZntXy \nln
X k vX mc tI m oW n s s h j ` m J y wx
`m`nKXncky loXn `x `PbXoXn sshj
` C X n c p t {Z m{_ h mZ n\ x A Y `
CXn`mkbXnamw tmIm c CXn cRvP bXo
am\n `qXm\n K CXn. K\y kv a nmK\y
kvamZnam {]PmkvXkvamZv `cKXzmXv `x iizXv
kqbam\mXv kqcyx kh\mXv khnXm. BZm\mXv
BZnXyx ]h\mXv ]mht\m AY Bt]m ]y
b\mZntXyhw lyml. Jep Bt\m Bm.
t\XmarXmJyt Xm am KtmXv {kjvSm
B\bnXm Im hm ckbnXm {LmXm
{Zjv S m t{imXmkv ]piXn N hn`p hn{Ktl
kw\nhnjvS CtXyhw lyml AYb{X ssZzXo
`qXw hnm\w X{Xln irtWmXn ]iyXn
Pn{LXn. ckbXn ssNh kv]ibXn khamm
Pm\otXXn bm{XmssZzXo `qXw hnm\w Imcy
ImcWI \npw \nhN\a\u]ayw
\ncp]mJyw Inw XZmhmNyw.

I kqcys t{ijvTamb tXPmWv CXv. AYhm
CXpXsbmWv BZnXy CXpXsbmIpp. khnXmhv
(khtbpw krjvSnpXv) Cs\ a\nemn
Btp AXns\ kzoIcnm {imephmbncn
Wsav {_hmZnI ]dbpp. Rfntm Cu
kqcy tZhs hs [ym\npp. FpsIms
m AXp \psS ap]n \npp. Ahs hw
hrnsb {]m]npsImncnppv. \msans\bmWv
NnntsXv {_ hmZnI tNmZnpp. Dcw
Cs\bmWv \psS _pnsb Do]npXv, km-
ntemv \bnpXv FmWv. {_hmZnI ]dbp
Xv.
C t m h i _ v Zs h y m Jy m \n p p .
kqcy\n m]nXambncnpXmWv hw. IWn
bn hw F t]cv AXpXsbmWpXv. B
hns ImnbnemWv a\pjy Ka\n\v inbpw
ZrUXbpw DmIpXv. AXpsImv CXv khn
t\bpw X]nnpp. AXn\m CXv hamWv. AYhm
{]mWnIsf cRvPnnpXn\m hamWv. AYhm
CXv {]mWnIfn KanpXn\m hamWv. AYhm
CXv temIn hcnIbpw t]mIpIbpw sNp p.
AYhm CXv CXn\mbnv {]PbmIpw. AYhm CXv Fm-
nt\bpw [cnpIbpw t]mjnnpIbpw sNp
Xn\m hamIpp.
CXv i{Xpsf \innpXn\m kqcy\mWv.
khtbpw krjvSnpXn\m khnXmhmWv. kh-
tbpw {]IminnpXn\m BZnXy\mWv. k
hs ]mh\ampXn\m ]ham\amWv. khKman
bmbXn\mepw khm{ibambXn\mepw CXv BZnXy\m
Ipp. CXv kzbw BmhpamIpp. AarXsadnb
sSp CXv khXns\ AdnbnpIbpw NnnpI-
bpw sNpp. CXv Kanpp, krjvSnpp, B\w
\Ipp, Nnnpp, ]dbpp, cpNndnbpp,
{LmWnpp, kv ]inpp, icocn hym]nncn-
pp. Dam\cq]amsWv thZ ]dbp CXv
hnm\ ssZzX cq]w sImpXv FhnsSbmtWm
AhnsS tIpIbpw ImWpIbpw aWnpIbpw cpNn
N P
704
AdnbpIbpw kv] inpIbpw sNpp. Fm K
CsXmw Bmhv XsbmsWv ZrVambn Xocp
am\nWw. AXn\m hnm\w AssZzXamIp nSv
AXv ImcyImcW clnXhpw Ah\obhpw D]amc
lnXhpw hymJym\clXhpamIpp. CXns\pdnv
FmWv ]dbm IgnbpI?
8. Gj ln Jep Btim\x iw`p `thm cp{Zx
{]P m]Xnx hnizk rIv , l ncay K`x k Xyw
{]mtWm lwkx imkvXm hnjvWpx \mcmbWx
Ax khnXm [mXm, hn[Xm, k{amSv, C{x
Cpx CXn. b Gj X]Xyncnhmn\m ]nlnXx
klss{ktW lnc atb\m\t\. Gj
hmhhnmn Xthym t\zjvShyx kh`qtX
t`ym `bw ZXzmcWyw KXzm Y _lnx IrXzm C{n-
bm m k zm c o c mZ p ] e t`s s X \ a nX n.
h ni zc q]w l nc W w PmX th Zk w ] cmbW w
tPymXntcIw X]w. kl{kciv a nx iX[m
ham\x {]mWx {]Pm\mapZbtXy j kqcyx
CXv XsbmWv Bmhv, CXv XsbmWv kh-
\nmhpw, Cuizc\pw, ic\pw, `h\pw, cp{Z\pw,
{]Pm]Xnbpw, hniz{kjvSmhpw lncWy K`\pw, kXy-
hpw, {]mW\pw lwkhpw, imhpw, hnjvWphpw, \mcmb-
W\pw, A\pw, khnXmhpw, [mXmhpw, km{ampw, C{-
\pw, N{\pw. Cu Ancq]n k]vXhpw At\Im-
bncfpsS t\{Xcq]n {]Imiabamb B\n
hym]vX\mbpw nXn sNp CXns\bmIpp Adn
ncntXv. kh {]mWnIpw A`bw \In
h\n t]mbn AXns\ At\zjntXpv. C{nb-
hnjbw XyPnphv AXv AhcpsS icocn
\np e`npXmWv. CXv XsbmIp hnizkz
cq]\pw tXPkznbpw P\nphsc Adnbph\pw
khcpsSbpw ]cam{ibm\hpw tIhew tPymXn
cq]n X]nph\pamb Cu kqcys\ ]cammhv
kl{kIncW\pw, At\Ihn[n hnph\pw
{]PIfpsS {]mWcq]ambn DZnph\pamWv.
ssa{XmbWyp]\njv kam]np.

I K
1 ssat{X-p-]-\n-jv 3
imna{w
Hmw. B]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
px t{im{XatYm _ean{nbmWn NkhmWn
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcymw
am am {_ \ncmItcmZ \ncmImtcmZ \ncmIcW
akv X p A\ncmIcWw ta Akv X p. XZm\n
\nctX b D]\njp [m kvtX abn kp
tX abn kvXp tX abn kp Hmw. imnx imnx
imnx.
Fs AwK hnImkw {]m]ns. hmWn {Lm-
Ww Npv , t{imXw _ew Fm C{nb Ch
A`nhrn {]m]ns. kIe D]\njpIfpw {_am-
Ipp. Fn \nv {_w XyPnsSm\nSbmIcpXv
. {_w Fs XyPnm\nSbmIcpXv.As\ {_cX-
\mbn F\nv D]\jn {]Xn]mZnXfmb [-
{]m]nm\nShcs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
{]YtamAymbx
_rl{ZtYm ssh\ma cmPm cmtPym tPyjvTw
]p{Xw \n[m]bntXzZaimizXw a\yam\x icocw
sshcmKyapt]tXmcWyw \nPKma. k X{X ]caw
X] BmbmZnXyaoamWv. Du[z_mlpkvXn
jvT Xn At kl{kky apcnIam PKma
Ancnh A[paIkvtX Pkm \nlnhm
hnZv `hm imIm\yb Dnjvt TmnjvT hcw
hrWotjzXn cmPm\a{_hoXv. k Xkvs sa \a
kvXrtXym hmN`hm \mlamhnX Xzw XXz
hnXvirWptam hbwam ]r. {]iv\ ssazmWm
\ym ImamhrWotjzXn. imImb\yky NcWm
]`nariamt\m cmPXmw KmYmw PKmZ.
_rl{ZY F cmPmhn\v icocw\inpXm
sW t_m[w DmbXns\pSv sshcmKyw DZnp.
AXn\m Atlw cmPyw aq]p{X\p sImSpv
h\n t]mbn AhnsS ITn\amb X]\pjvTnp.
Atlw kqcy\p t\v t\mn ssIbpbn \np.
Bbnw sImn\ptijw X]ns ^eambn Hcn
]pIbnm Ant]mse tXPkznbmb imIma\y
Fp t]cpff Bthmhmb almap\n Atln
s ASpsn. Atlw cmPmhnt\mSp ]dp-x -
""Fgptp. Fgptp. hcw BhiysSpI''.
Atm cmPmhv Atls \akv Icnv ]dpx
""`Khms\, Rm Bmthmh. Av XXzm
N P
705
XmhmWv Fv Rm tInpv F\np XXzw D]tZinp
XcWw .''
AXptIv almap\nbmb imIma\y hnjbw Gsd
GsXnepw hcw BhiysSm ]dp. AXptIv
_rl{ZY cmPmhv imImb\yap\nbpsS cp ImepIfpw
]nSnv ]dp.
2. A Y I nt as s X h m \ y m\ mw t i mj W w
almWhm\mw inJcnWm {]]X\w {[phky
{] N e \ w m\ w bm X c q W mw \ n a \ w
]rYnhymm\mZ]kcWw kpcmWmw. tkm
flantXyXZ znhnt[ Akv a n kwkmtc Inw
Imtam]t`mssKssbtchm {inXky AkIrZp ]m-
h\w ZriyX CXyppw al koXn
AtmZ]m\ t`I Chmlakv a n kwkmtc
`Kh Xzw t\m KXncnXn.
henb IS hpp. ]hXw XIcpp. {[ph\
{Xhpw Xs m\n\v amdpp. hrw ]ngpXp
hogpp. `qan kap{Zn Xmgpp. tZhmpw
\ne\nm\mIpn. As\ \inp {]]
n t`ml sImv Fp{]tbmP\w? hnjbkpJ
fn apnb PohnIv hopw hopw Pmac
WfpsS N{In IdtXmbn hcpp. AXn\m
ap\nt{ijvTm s]mnWnse Xhft]mse Ignbp
F\nv DcWn\v At klmbapff `mKhms\,
Cu kwkmcn F\nv icWambnpffXv Ap
Xs.
3. `Khm icocanZw ssaYp\m tZthmZv`pXw
kwhnt[yX \ncb Gh aq{XZzmtcW \njv{Im
an`nnXw amwtk\m\p en]vX w NWm
h _ w h n aq{X h mX ] n I ^ a m
tatZmhkm`n css\y a sse _lp`nx ]cn
]qw. GXmZrti icotc ham\ky `Kh,
Xzw t\mKXncnXn.
3. Atbm `Khms\, ssaYp\mepmb Cu
icocw m\clnXambm AXns\ \cIsav
a\nemWw. ImcWw, CXv aq{XZzmcneqsS ]pdp
hXmWv. AnsImpmnbXmWv. amwkabamWv.
tXmsImv s]mXnXmWv. aew aq{Xw ]nw a
Cs\ ]e aefpw \ndXmWv. As\bpff
icocn Ignbp F\nv ApXsbmWv Hcp
icWw.

I 4. AY, `Khms\ imImb\yx kp{]otXmf
{_hoXv cmP\w.almcmP _rl{ZY CzmIp
h wi [ zP i o jm I r X I rX y k v X zw
acpmavt\m hn{iptXm koXybw Jezmm tX .
IXa `Kh hWy CXn. Xw tlm hmN.
5. kv]ikv]imZtXm tb f m A\m
Ch tX nXmx tbjmw kkvXp `qXmm \
kvatc ]cw ]Zw.
4.5. CXp tIv `Khm\mb imImb\yap\n Ghpw
{]k\mbn cmPmhnt\mSv ]dp:- "" `Khms\, Bm
shm FmWv, AsXmv hnhcnp Xcq.'' CXp tIv
ap\n ]dp:- i_vZw kv]iw XpSnb hnjb
A\apmphbmWv. Ahbn Bk\mb
`qXmmhv ]ca]Zw {]m]npIbn.
6. X]km{]m]ytX kXzw kXzmXv kw
{]m]ytX a\x
a\km {]m]ytXlymm lymm
]Xym \nhtX
X]psImv m\w {]m]npp. m\m
a\v hiambm Bmhv e`npp. Bmhp
e`nm {]]n \nv apn Inpp.
7. bYm \ncnt\m hnx kzbtathm ]iyayXn
XYm hrnbmnw kzbtathm]
imayXn
8. kzbtathm ] imky a\kx kma Kman\x
C{nbm hnaqVkym \rXm
Imahim\p Kmx
9. NnntahlnkwkmckvXXv {]bXvtX\\
tim[ tbXv
bnkvXtbm`mXn KplytaXXv
k\mX\w.
10. Nnky ln {]kmtZ\ ln
I ip`mip`w
{]kmm \nnXzm kpJahyaiv\p tX
7. hndIv Xop Ignm An kzbw sISpp.
AXpt]mse hrnI \inp Ignbptm Nnw
AXns ImcW`qXamb Bmhn imamIpp.
8. Xs aqImcWn imambXpw kXyn\pt\-
v XncnXpamb C{nbfpsS aqVX ZqcnemIp-
tm IhiKfmb hnjb hymPsf
m\apmIpp.
9. Nnw XsbmWv kwkmcw. AXn\m {iasv
AXns\ ipamWw. Hcphs a\ss\bmWv
N P
706
AX\pkcnmIpw Ahs KXn. CsXmcp k\mX\
K
knmamIpp. 10.Nnw imambnocptm ip`m
ip` I \jvSamIpp.;im\mbno a\p
jy Bmhn ebnpp. Atm Ah\v Ab
amb B\w e`npp.
11. kamkw bZm Nnw Ptm
hnjbtKm Ntc
bmssZyhw {_WnkymXv tIm
\ aptNyX _\m
12. lrXv ]pWvUcoI atyXp `mhtbXv
]ctaizcw.
kmoWw _pnhrky ]ca
t{]a tKmNcw
13. AtKmNcw at\m hmNmw AZqXm[n
kkw]vfhw
kmam{X {]ImssiI {]Imiw `h\mXnKw
14. Atlba\p]mtZbakmam\y hntijWw
{[phw kvXnanX Kw`ocw \ tXtPm
\ kakvXw
\nhnIev]w \ncm`mkw \nhmWab kwhnZw
15. \nXyx iptm _pap kz`mhx
kXyx kqaw kwhn`qzm ZznXobx
B\ _v[o bx ]cx tkmf lakvan
{]XyKv [mXq \m{X kwKoXnckvXn.
11. a\pjys Nnw F{Xam{Xw _mly hnjbfn
BkamWv A{Xbpw {_ hnjbfn B k-
\mIpIbmsWn _\fn \nv ap\mIpI.
kz`mhnIamWv.
12. lrZbIaens a[yn _pnbpsS kakvX
Ipw kmnbmbn ]cat{]a hnjbIamb
Cuizcs m\w DmIWw.
13. Cu ]cammhv a\kpsImtm hmpsImtm
AdnbsSmhpX. AXv B`yclnXamWv. GIam{X-
amb k{Xq]{]Imim {]IminXambnocpp. AXv
NnbvpdpffXmWv.
14. AXns\ {KlnpItbm ssIhnpIfbpItbm sNp-
Xn\v kmam\y `mhnstbm hntij`mhnstbm
Iev]\ sNtXn. AXv imhpw Kw`ochpw BWv.
tXP ; AImchpa. kev]clnXhpw B`mkc-
lnXhpw apkzm`mhhpw kXyhpw kqvahpw kh-
hym]Ihpw GIam{Xhpw BWv. Cu ]cam\kmKc-
ns {]tXyI kzcq]w [cnpXpw Rm Xs.
AXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan.

I 16. B\ a \nPam{ib
amim ]nimNo aham\bw
BtemI bw PKZn{ Pme
am]XvIYw amw {]hntiZ kwKw
17. hWm{iamNmbpXm hnaqVm
Iam\pktcW ^ew e`t
hmZn [w ln ]cnXyPx
kzm\ Xr]vXmx ]pcpjm `hn
18. hWm{iaw kmhbhkzcq]
aZy bpw lyXn IrNv{N am{Xw
]p{XmZntZtljzm`nam\ iq\yw
`qXzm htkXv kuJyXta ly\t CXn
16. Ax IcWn e`nm Ignbp B\n
Ignbph\pw BibmIp ]nimNns\ Zqcn Xfp-
h\pw kIe temIsbpw ]mmnsbtmse ImWp
AkwK\pambh\v BnI ZpxJw DmIpsX
s\bmWv?
17. hm{ia [ ]menp aqVmcmWv
XfpsS IfpsS ^ew A\p`hnpXv. Fm
hmZn [ ssIhnv Bmhn Ddp\nevp IsbXmWv m\w. a\ns\ hnjbfn \nv
hyn BcnIamb B\w sImp Xs kpjvS-
\mIpp.
18. hm{ia [, AXpt]mse Ahbh
tfmSp IqSnb Cu icocw CsXmw Ahkm\apffhbmWv.
AXn\m ZpxJ ZmbIfmWv. AXn\m ]p{XmZnIfnepw
icocnepw hymtamlw shSnp ]cam\cq]amb
A\ kzcq]n n\mbn hnWw.
Hmw A[ymbw Ignp.
[znXotbm f ybx
AY`Khm ssa{XbssIemkw PKma XwK
tXzmhmN t`m `Kh ]ca XXz lkya\p{_q
loXn.k. tlm hmN almtZhx
tZhmebx I
t{]mx kPnhx tIhex inhx
XytPZm\ I
\nmeyw tkm f lw `mth\ ]qPtbXv I
2.. At`ZZi\mm\w [ym\w
\nhnjbw a\x
kv\m\wat\maeXymKx OuN
an{nb \n{Klx
N P
707
3. {_marXw ]nt_Zvss`amNtcZv K
tZlc tW
htktZImntIm `qXzm ssNImt
ssZzX hPntX
CtXy]amNtcXv [oam k Ghw
apn am]v\pbmXv.
4. PmXw arXanZw tZlw amXm ]nXr aemIw
kpJ ZpxJ ebmta[yw kv] pjvSzmkv\m\w
hn[obtX
5. [mXp_w almtcmKw ]m]anc a {[phw
hnImcmImc hnkvXow kv]yjvSzm
kv\m\w hn[obtX
1. Hcn `Khm ssat{Xb ssIemk ]hn
t]mbn almtZht\mSv tNmZnp: ""`Khms\, ]cam-
XXzns clkyw FtmSv ]dmepw''. almtZh
]dp:'' icocw tZhmebamIpp. AXn Poh
tIhew ]cammhmWv. AXn\m Am\cq]amb
\nmeyw ssI shSnv ]cammhv Rm Xsbm-
sWp a\nemn AXns\ ]qPnpI.
2. Poh\pw ]cammhpw Xn t`Zw AdnbmXncnp-
thsSpWw. AXmWv kv\m\w. C{nbsf hin-
empXmWv ]hn{XX.
3. {_mamIp AarXw IpSnpIbpw tZl c-
Wn\v `n tXSnbpw IgnbpI. _pnam\mbh
Cs\ kcnp. apnsb {]m]npp.
4. amXm]nXmamcm \nnsXpw PacW-
tfmSp IqSnbXpamb Cu icocs kv]inm Ipfn-
tXmWv.
5. Ggp [mXpfm \nnXhpw almtcmKw Ie-
Xpw ]m]ns hoSn\p Xpeyhpw Anchpw hnIm-
cabhpamb Cu icocs kv ]inm Ipfnt-
XmWv.
6. \hZzmcae{kmhw kZm Imte kz`mhPw
ZpKw Zpatemt]Xw kv]rjvSzmkv\m\w
hn[obtX
7. am{Xm kqXI kw_w kqXtI
kl PmbtX
arX kpXIfpw tZlw kv]rjvSzm kv\m\w
hn[obtX
8. Alw ataXn hnaq{Xte]KmZn tamN\w
ipiuNanXn t{]mw arem`yw
Xp euIoIw

I 9. NnipnIcw iuNw hmk\m {Xb\mi\w
m\ sshcmKy artmssbxm
f\mXv iuN apNytX
10. AssZzX`mh\m ss``bw ZzX `mh\w
Kpcp imkv{Xm `mht\ `ntmss`w
hn[obtX.
6. Iv, sNhn XpSnb H]Xp ZzmcfnIqSn
Ftmgpw aew ]pdv hpsImncnpp. Ah ZpK
`cnXhpamWv. As\ ZpjvShpw aen\hpamb
icocw kv]inm IpfntXpv.
7. AbpsS B iuNtmS\p_nv B iuNap-
ffXn\m a\pjy AipntbmsSbmWv P\npXv.
acWns B iuNhpw Dv. As\bpff icocw
kv]inm IpfnWw .
8. aew aq{Xw ZpKw XpSnbhbpsS ipn av
shffw Ch sImv \opp. AXv euInIipnbmWv.
hmkvXhnIamb ipn ""Fs F\nv'' Fp XpSnb
`mh\ ssIshSnbpXnemWv.
9. ]cnipn Nns hnipZ[ampp. AXv ImamZn-
IfIpp. PmRm\amIp apw sshcmKyamIp
Pehpw sImv IgpInbm ipnbpmIpw. AXmWv
bYmnepff ]hn{XX.
10. AssZzX`mh\ A`yhkvX phmIpp. `np
Kpcphnsbpw imkv{Xnsbpw \ntia\pkcnv
`n tXSWw.
11. hnZzm kztZiapXv krPy
k\ymkm\w kzXx
ImcmKm hn\pap tNmchXv ZqtXmhtkXv
12. AlmckpXw hnw {`mXw tamlancw
Bim]Xv\ow Xy tPZymhXv Xmaptm
\ kwibx
13. arXm tamlabo ambmPmtXm
t_m[abx kpXx
kqXI Zzb kw{]m]vXu IYw
kymap ]mkva tl
14. lrZmImti NnZmZnXyx kZm`mkXn `mkXn
\mkvXtaXn \ tNmtZXn IYw kym
ap]mkva tl
15. GI tahmZznXobw bZv Kptcm
hmtIy\ \nnXw
GXtZIm anXypw \ aTw \ h\mcw
N P
708
K
11. Iff XShdbn \nv tamN\w t\Sn Zqsc hbn-
Spw IgnbpXpt]mse m\nbmb hyn kw\ym-
kw kzoInv Xs tZin \nv Zqtc Xmaknm-
\m{Klnpp.
12. Almc\mb ]p{Xs\bpw [\cq]\mb tkmZc-
s\bpw tamlcq]amb Krlsbpw Bimcq]amb
]Xv\ntbbpw Dt]nph s]sp Xs ap
\mbnocpp. FXn bmsXmcp kwibhpw C.
13. Am\amIp A acnp, m\amIp
]p{X\pmbn. As\ acWnsbpw P\\n
sbpw amb_n IqSpnb F\nv ]ns
kym h\mZnI Fs\ sNm Ignbpw?
14. lyZbamIp BImin ssNX\ymIamb
kqcy Ftmgpw {]IminpsImncnpp. AXn\v
AkvX a\saXn. DZbhpw C. ]ns Fs\
kymh\w sNm Ignbpw ?
15. AhnsS kIeXpw HmWv. thsd Hpw C. A-
s\bpff Kpcphns D]tZim, aTtam h\aytam
Hpw GImm\as t_m[w F\npm-
bncnpp.
16. AkwibhXmw apnx kwibmhnjvS
tNXkmw
\ apn P Pmt Xkvam Zznizmk
am]v\pbmXv
17. Ia XymKm kw\ymtkm \
t{]tjmctW\ Xp
ku Pohmt\msscIyw kw\ymkx
]cnIo nXx
18. ha\mlhZy ky `mXn kthjWmZnjp
Xkym[nImx kw\ymtk XztZlm`nam\n\x
19. bZm am\knsshcmKyw PmXw kthjp
hkv Xpjp
XssZh kw\ymtkZznZzm A\yYm
]XntXm `thXv
20. {Zhyma hkv{Xmwbx {]XnjvSm
tah hmk\ymtk Zp`b{`jvSx kapnw
\m]vXp alXn.
16. kwibclnXt\ ap\mIm km[npIbpffp.
kwib {KkvX\v At\I P sImvapn e`np-
Ibn. AXn\m Kpcphnsbpw im{fpsSbpw
hN\fn hnizkanWw.
17. I ]nXyPnp shpam{Xw kw\ymkamIpI-
bn. ""Rm k\ymkn\nbmWv''. Fp ]dXpsIm-

I pam{Xw Hcm k\ymknbmbnocpIbn. kam[nbn
Poh]ammfpsS GIXpmIptmtg k\ymkamIp-
Ibpffp.
18. bmsXmcph\vkIe CIfpw On ]Zms-
tmse tXmpp. bmsXmcm tZlns aaX
ssIhnp., Ah\v am{Xta k\ymkn\v A[nImapffq.
19. kIe ]Zmsfkw_npw a\n ssh-
cmKyw hpZnpp. Adnhpff hynt kw\ymknbm-
Im km[npIbpffq. Am ]w]X\amWv.
]cnWmaw.
20. ]WwkmZnm thntbm `Ww e`np-
Xn\pthntbm {]ikvXnpthntbm kw\ymkw kzo-
Icnph p temIn \npw {`jvS\mbno-
cpp.Abmv Hcnepwapn e`npIbn.
21. Dam XXz Nnssh a[yaw
imkv{XNn\w
A[am a{NnmNXnw {`my [am[am
22. A\p`qXnw hn\m aqtVm ]rYm
{_Wn tamZtX
{]Xn_nw_nX imJm{K ^emkzmZ\tam ZhXv
23. \ XytPt ZyXn aptmtbm am[pIamcw
sshcmKy P\Iw {im If{Xwm\\\w
24. [\hrm htbmhrm hnZymhrm
kvX ssYh N
tX kth PmRm\ hrky Incmx
injy Incm
25. a\zmbbm tamlnX tNXtkm amw
Bm\ am ]q a e_v[hx
]cw hnZKvtm Z ]qcWmb
{`an ImIm Ch kqtbm ]n
21. XXzhnNmcamWv Daw. imkv {XhnNmwa[yaam-
Ipp. a{km[\ A[aamWv. Xofn AebpI
A[anepw A[aamIpp.
22. Hcp acns Imbns {]Xn^e\w Iv AXp
Xnv hniSmsav IcpXpXpt]mse hmkvX hn-
Iamb A\p`htmSp IqSmsX aqV]pcpj {_m\w
{]m]nmsav hrYm `mh\ sNpp. 23. [\ hr
mcpw {]mbm hrmcpw hnZymhrmcpw Fmw
A\p`h m\nepw tammI m\nepw
hrcmbhcpsS themtcm injymtcm am{XamWv.
25. bmsXmcp ambm {]`mhm aqVaXnIfmbn
""Rm '' F Bmhns\ icndnbpn. Ah
N P
709
_pnammcmsWnepw shdpw Imsbtmse hbp K
\ndbvm AXnsebnXnsb Aebpp.
26. ]mjmW temlaWn arab hn{KtljvS
]pPm ]p\P\\ t`mKIco apaptm
Xkva mZymXnx kzlrZbm P\tah IpcymXv
_mlym\w ]ntl Z]p\ `hmb
27. Ax ]qtm _lnx]qx]q Ipw`
Chmth
Ax iqt\ym _lnx iyqt\ym
iq\yIpw` Chmw_tc
28. am `h {Kmly `mhmm `mhmm N am `h
`mh\maJnew Xyzm bnjvSw Xtbm `h
29. Zrjv SZi\ Zriym\n Xzm hmk\bm kl
Zi\ {]Yam `m kam\w tIhew `P
30. kwim khkev] bm inemh
Zh nXnx
Pm{Kn{Zm hn\napm km kzcq]
nXnx ]cm
26. Iv, kzw, av Ch sImpmnb hn{Kl-
fpsS ]qP tammnIsf kw_nnStmfw ]p-
\PmZn tit D]IcnpIbpffp. AXn\m
kw\ymkn Cs\bpff _mly hkvXpfpsS ]qPmZn-
Ifn hym]rXmIcpXv.
27. kap{Zn C IpSn\v AIpw ]pdpw Pew
\ndncnpw. Imbv v shXv AIpw ]pdpw
iq\yambncnpw.
28. \o kzoIcnph\mIcpXv. AXpt]mse {KlW-
tbmKyamb hizq]hpamIcpXv. kIe Iev]\Ifpw ssI-
hnv _mnbpffXn am{Xw Xev]\mbn `hnpI.
29. ZrjvSw, Zriyw, Zi\w ChbpsS hmk\ ssIhnv
bmsXmn \nv Zi\ns B`mkapmIpp.
B Bmhns\ `PnpI.
30. bmsXmcp\n kIe kIe kev]fpw im-
ambncnpp. bmsXmcph\n PmlrXnbpw \n{Zbpw AI-
ncnpp, As\ shdpw ]mdp t]msebpff
Ah AXp XsbmWv kzcq]mh.
cma[ymbw Ignp.
XrXntbmymbw
1. Alakvan ]cmkvan {_mkvan
{]`mthm kvaylm
khtemI Kpcpmkvan kh temtImkvan
tkmkva ylw

I 2. Altahmkvan knmkvan iptmkvan
]ctam kvaylw
Alakv]n kZmtkmkvan \ntXymkvan
hnatem kvaylw
3. hnmt\mkvan hntitjmkvan tkmtam
kvank Itemkvaylw
ipt`mkvan timIlot\mkvan ssNXt\ym
kvan ktam kvaylw
4. am\mham\ lotdmkvan \nKptWmkvan
inthm kvaylw
ssZzXmssZzX hnlot\mkvan Zzz lot\m
kvantkm kvaylw
5. `mhm`mhhnlot\mkvan `mjm lot\mkvan
`kva ylw
iq\ymip\y {]`mthmkvan tim`\m
tim`t\m kvaylw
6. XqeymXpey hnlot\mkva n \nXyx ipw
kZm inhx
khm kh hnlot\mkva n kmXzntIm
kvan kZmkvaylw
16 Rm `hnpp. Rm ]c\mbn `hnpp. Rm
{_hpw {]`hhpamWv. Rm khtemI Kpcphpw
kh temIhpamWv.Rm temIhpamWv. Rm kn\pw
ip\pw ]cakzcq]\pw \nXyhpw hnae\pamIpp.
R m h nP v R m \ h p w h nt i j h p w t k m a \ p w
kIehpamIpp. ip` timIlo\, ssNX\y ka
CsXms Rm\mWv . Rm am\mham\lo\\pw
\nKpW\pw inh\pw ssZzXm ssZzXholo\\pw `mjm
lo\\pw `mbpw ip\yip {]`mh\pw tim`\mi\pw Xpey-
hnlo\\pw \nXy\pw ip\pw kZm inh\pw Fm
Rm\mIpp. Rm khmkh holo\\pw kmXzo
I\pw Bbn `hnpp.
8. GIkwJym hnlot\mkvan ZznkwJym
hm\lw \N
kZkZv t`Zlot\mkvan ]yJWvtUm
\ hn{Klx
\mlakvan \Nmt\ymkvan tZlmZn
clntXm kvaylm
9. B{ibm{ibn lot\mkvan B[mcclntXm
kvaylm
_tam hnlot\mkva n ipZv{_mkva n
tkmkva ylm
10. NnmZnkhlot\mkva n ]ctamkvan
]cmtamkvao ]cmXv]c
N P
710
kZmhnNmc cqt]mkvan \nhnNmtcmkvan K
tkmkva ylw
8,9,10. Rm GIkwJym hnlo\\pw ZznkwJymhn-
lo\\pamWv. Rm kZkZv`m]lo\\pw AJWvUm\-
hn{Kl\pamWv. A\y\pw tZlmZn clnX\pamWv Rm.
B{imbm{inbnlo\\pw ip{_hpw HsbmWv
Rm. Nnm[nkhlo\, t{ijvTXa,]cmXv]c,
hnNmccq], hnNmc Cu AhIsfmw F\npv.
11. BImtcmImc cqt]mkvan
aImtcmkvan k\mX\w
[ym\m[ym\ hnlot\mkvan t[yblo
t\mkvan tkmkvaylw
12. kh{X ]q cqt]mkvan
knZm\ eWw
kh Xokzcqt]mkvan ]camm kvaylw
13. eymey holot\mkvan tab lo\x
inthm kvaylw
amXp am\hnlot\mkvan tab lo\x
iothm kvaylw
14. \ PKXv khZyjvSmkvan t\{XmZnclntXm
kva ylw
{]_ptmkvan {]_pkvan {]mktmkvan
ltcm kvaylw
15. kh{nb hnlot\mkvan khI
IrZhylw
khthZm Xr]vtXmkvan khZmky
et`mkva ylw
11,12,13,14,15. Rm AImc DImc aImc cq]\pw k\mX-
\\pamWv; [ym\w A[ym\w Chbnmh\pw t[yb
lo\\pw kh{X ]qcq]\pw knZm\ eW\pw
BWv Rm. AXpt]mse Rm khXokzcq],
]cammhv, eymeyhnln\,eblo\, am\w
sNph, am\hnlo\ tablo\, inh Hs
Rm Xs. Rm kIe PKpw Zinph\pw
t\{XmZnclnX\pw, {]_p\pw, {]k\pw lwk\pw
kth{nb hnlo\\pw kh I Irpw kh
thZm Xr]vX\pw khZmkpe`\pw Bbn `hnpp.
16. apZnXm apZnXm tJymkvan khau\
^tem kvaylw
\nXyw Nnm{X cqt]mkvan
kntbm kvaylw

I 17. bXv InnZ]n lot\mkvan kZm
kntbm kvaylw
lrZb {Kn lot\mkvan lrZbmw
_pPa[yKx
18. jUv hnImc hnlot\mkvan jUtImic
lntXm kvaylw
AcnjUz aptm kvan AcmZtcm
kvaylw
19. tZiIme hnapIvtXmkvan ZnKw_ckptJm
kv aylw
AkvX n\mkvXn hnaptmkvan \Imcc
lntXm kvaylw
20. AJWvUmImi cqt]mkvan ]yJWvU mImc
akva ylw
{]]ap Nntmkvan {]]
clntXmkv a ylw
16,17,1,8,19,20. Rm apZnX\pw AapZnX\pw khau
\^ehpw \nXyNnm{X cq]\pw knb\pw Hpan
mh\pw kZm knb\pw lrZb {Knlo\\pw
lrZbmw_pP a[yK\pw jUv hnlmchnlo\\pw
jUvtImilnX\pw Acnj kz ap\pw Acn
\nv Achpw tZiImehnap\pw ZnKw_ckpJ\pw
AkvXn\mkvXn hnapIvX\pw \ImcclnX\pw AJWvUm
Imicq]\pw AJWvUmImc\pw {]]papIvXNn\pw
{]]clnX\pw Bbn`hnpp.
1 bm-h-evtIym-]-\n-jv 3
imn-]mTw
Hmw ]q-aZx ]qanZw ]qmXv ]q-
ap-{Z-NytX ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh
injytX Hmw imnx imnx imnx
B ]c-{_ kh-hn-[-nepw ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu
{]]-hpw ]q-am-Ip-p. ]q-amb ]c-{_--n
N P
711
21. kh{]Imi cqt]mkvan Nnm{X K
tPymXnkva ylw
Ime{Xb hnaptmkvan ImamZn
clntXm kvaylw
22. Ima\m`n hnaptmkvan \nKpWx tIhtem
kvaylw
bpnlot\mkvan aptmkvan tamlot\m
kvaylw kZm
23. kXymkXyhnlot\mkvan km{Xm
hm\lw kZm
KhytZi lot\mkvan Ka\mZnhnhPnXmx
24. khZmkacqt]mkvan imtmkvan
]pcptjmax
Ghw kzm\p `thm bky tkmlakvan
\ kwibw
bx irtWmXn kIrZzmln {_ssh `hXn
kzbw CXyp]\njXv
21, 22,23,24,25. Rm kh{]Imicq]\pw Nnm{X tPymXn-
pw Ime{Xbhnap\pw ImamZnclnX\pw Ima\mhn
an\pw \nKpW\pw tIhe\pw apnlo\\pw ap
\pw tamlo\\pw kXymkXyhnlo\\pw Khy
tZilo\\pw Ka\ hnhPnX\pw Fpw kacq]\pw
im\pw ]pcptjma\pw BIpp. Cs\sbmapff
kzm\p`htmSpIqSnbh\mWv Rms\Xn kwib
an. CXv Hcp {]mhiysanepw tIph {_w
Xsbmbn `hnpp.
ssat{Xbp]\njv kam]np.
\np-amWv Cu ]q {]]w Dm-bn-p--Xv. ]q-
n \nv ]q-sa-Sp-mepw ]qw Xs Ahti-
jn- p- p.
lcn Hmw AY P\tIm l sshtZtlm bm-
h- e vI y- ap- ] -k -t a-t Xym-h mN `Kh k\ym-k -a \p
{_plo-Xn. IYw k\ym-k-e-Ww k tlmhmN
bm-hevIyx {_-Ncyw kamly Krlo `thXv

I Krlm-Zz\o `qXzm {]{h-tPXv bZn thX-cYm {_-N-
cym- t Zh {] {h- t P- X v. Kr lm- Z zm- h - \ mZzmx AY
]p\{hXo hm A{hXo hm kv \ mXtIm hm
Akv\m-XtIm hm D-m-KvZnc \ntIm hm b
Zl-t ch hnc-t P- - Z- l - tch {]{h-t PXv XtZtI
{]mPm-]-Xym-ta-thnw Iphn AYhm \ Ipcym
Zmt-m-tah IpcymXv Anln {]mWx {]mW-
ta-ssh-Xbm ItcmXn ss{X[m-h-Xo-bm-tah IpcymXv
GX-ssbh {Xtbm [mXthm bZpX kXzw cP-kvXa
CXn Abw tX tbm\n EXzntPm btXm PmtXm
Atcm- N Ymx X w Pm\- B tcm- l m- [ mt
hbm cbn-anXy t\\ at{m-Wm-nam Pnt{LXv
Gj hm At tbm\nb {]mWw K kzmw
tbm\nw K kzmtl-tXyh ta ssh XZm {Kmam-
Zn amlr-Xy-]qh-h-Z-n-am-Pn-t{LXv
]ns Hcn- hntZ-l-cm-Pm-hmb P\-I bm-h-
evIys\ kao-]nv ]d-p. `K-hm-s\, Av Rv
k\ym-km-{i-a-s- n ]dp Xcp-I. FmWv k\ymk
eWw? Atm bm-he - vIy ]dp bYm-hn[n
{_-N-cym-{iaw Ah-km-\n-n-X - n-\p-tijw Krl-m-{i-a-
n {]th-in--Ww. Krl-m-{iaw A\p-jT v nv ]p{X-an-
{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS kpJ- samw A\p-`-hn- -Xn-\p- tijw hm\-{]- -
\mbn k\ymkw {Kln--Ww. As-n PntX-{n-b-\m-sW-
n {_-N-cy-n \np Xstbm Cm-\p-k-cWw
Krl-n \ntm hm\-{]--n \ntm k\ymkw
kzoI-c n-mw. {hXntbm {hX-c -l n-Xt\m kv\mX- It\m
Akv\m-X-It\m An-tlm-{Xntbm A\-n-tlm-{Xntbm
Bcm-bmepw bYm sshcmKyw tXmn-bm-ep-S Xs
k\ymkw kzoI-cn-mw. AXn-\p-tijw {]Pm-]Xy bw
sN-Ww. As-n Btbn am{Xw sNbvXmepw aXn.
Fs-m An Xs-bmWv {]mW. Cu bw
sImv {]mW t]mjWw km[n-p-p. As-n ss{X[m-
h-Xobw (aqp [mXp--sf, kXz-c-P-kvX-a-p-Is - f, kw_-
n-p bw) sN-Ww. aqe-a-{-m Ansb
{LmWn--Ww. At, GsXmcp aqe-Im-c-W - m-emtWm
Av Dev]--ambn {]Im- inp sImn-cn-p- - Xv, AXv CXm-
Wv. AXp a\-n-emn Av \-hw Pzenv R-fpsS
sFiz-cyhpw kpw hn-n-p-w. CXp Xs An-
bpsS aqe-Im-cWw At. Av kztbm-\n-bm-Ip {]mW-
\n {]th-in-p-I. ]noSv {Kma-n \npw An
sImp hv apn-es t]mse Ansb {LmWn-p-I.
2. bZnw \ hnt-Z]vkp Pplp-bm-Zmt]m ssh
khmx tZhXm khmt`ym tZh-Xmt`ym Pptlman
kzmtlXn kmPyw lhn-c-\m-abw tam-a-{-kv{X-
thw thZ XZv {_ XZp-] m-k n- X hyw inJmw
btm]-hoXw OnXzm kwXrkvXw atbXn {Xnhm-
c-ap--tcXv Gh-ta-ssh-XXv `K-h-nXn ssh bm-
hevI yx
N P
712
An e`n-n-s-n Pe-n tlman--Ww. Pew
K
kh-tZ-h-Xm-a-ba - m-Wv. Rm kI-e-tZ-h
- mpw thn
tlman-pp kzmlm Cs\ tlmanv AXv `n--Ww.
AXv tcmK-\m- i- I- amb LrX- bp lhn-m- Wv. tam-a-{w
sImp thZ-sf {]m]n-p- . AXp Xs {_-sa \ne-
bn D]m-kn-p. inJbpw btm]ho-Xhpw s]mnv
Rm k\ymkw kzoI-cnv Fv aqp {]mhiyw D-cn--
Ww. P\-I, CXmWv hn[n.
3. AY s sl\ - a {Xnx ]{] - - b - - h me v I yw
btm-]-hoXv IYw {_mW CXn k tlmhmN
bm-hmevIyx CZw {]W-h-ta-hmky XZy-tm-
]-hoXw b Bm {]miym-N -aymbw hn[n-c Y hm
]cn-{hm-k zn-hhmkm apW-A t[m A]-c n-{Klx
ipNn-c-t{Zmlo ss`-amtWm {_ `qbmb `hXn
Gj ]mx ]cn-{hm-P -Im\mw hocm-[ z\n hm\m-
isI f hm]mw {]thti hmn-{]-thti hm alm-
{]-mt\ hm Gj ]m {_Wm lm\p-hn--
kvtX- t\Xn k kw\ymko {_-h n-ZnXn Ghta
sshj `K-h-nXn ssh bm-hevIyx
]noSv bm-h-e vIy-t\mSv A{Xn-ap\n tNmZn- p.
btm-]h - oXn Fs\ {_m-W-\mIpw? bm-h-
evIy ]d-p. Cu Hmmcw Xs- bmWv kw\ym-kn-bpsS
btm-]-ho-Xw. ]qthm--hn-[n{]-Imcw tlmanv AXv
`nv BN-a\w sN-Ww. AsXmp am{X-amWv hn[n.
Cs\ Imjmb hkv{X-[m-cn-bmb k\ymkn {_-cq-]-am-
bn- o-cp-p. AXmWv k\ym-kn-I-fpsS amw. Pe- {]-thiw
An-{]-thiw hoc-KXn alm-{]-m\w Fn-hb - nepw ap-
-Xnepw Cu amw Xs- bmWv {_w \nt-in-n-p--
Xv. As\ k\ymkn {_--\mbn `hn-pp `K-hm-
s\, CXmWv hn[n Fv bm-h-evIy ]d-p.
4. A{X ]c-a-l wtkm \ma kwh-I m-c pWn
tizX-tIXp Zphmk EXp-\n-Zm-L-Z - m-t{Xb ipI-
hm- a - t Z- h - l m- c o- X I {]`p- X tbm hy- e nwKm f
hym-N mcmx A\p- m D- -h-Zm-N -c x ]c-
kv{ Xo- ] p- c - ] -c m-M v ap-J mkv { Xo Zw Ia- epw
`p-]m{Xw Pe-]-hn{Xw inJmw btm ]hoXw
_ln-c - -t-tXy-X Xv khw `q kzmtl-X y]vk p
]cn- Xy-Pm-m-\-a- \zn-t-X v.
]c- a-lw- k-m F t]cn Adn- b-s- Sp k\ym- kn-
am t{ijvTc - m-Wv. Ahy--enw-K-[m-cn-Ifpw Ahy-m-N-c-
Wcpw PmK-cq-I-sc-nepw D--sc-tmse {]hn-p--
h-cm-Wv. kwh-I BcpWn lmco-X tizX-tIXp
Zphm-k-, EXp- \n- Zm-L Zm- t{X-b ipI hma- tZ- h
XpS-n-bh - Cu hn`m-K-n s]Sp-p. Ah kpJ
ZpxJm\p-`-h-lo-\cpw ]c-kv{Xo-]p-c-]-cm-Mvap-Jcpw {XnZw
Ia-ep `q-]m{Xw Pe-]-hn{Xw inJ btm-]-hoXw
Fo _mlyhpw B`y- - c- hp-amb Fmw `qxkzmlm Fp-
 713

I -cnv XyPnv Bm-\p-k-m\w sNp--h-cm-W.v {]mW-taXv Iw XZm-tm K

5. bYm PmX-cq-]-[cm \nZzzx \njv]-cn-{K-lm-kX v - \ Imcyw IWm XZm
Xz-{_- - amt kayIv kmx ip-am-\ kmx 10. Cuiztcm Poh-I-ebm
{]mW-k-m-c-Wmw btYm Imte-hn-aptm {]hntm `K-hm-\nXn
ss`-am-N-c-p-Z-c-]m-t{XW em`m-em`u kau `qXzm
{]W-taXv Z-hXv `qau
Ic-]m-t{XW hm Ia--eq-Z-It]m ss`-am-Nc - -p-
Z-c-am{X kw{Kl ]m{Xm-c iqt\ym Pe-e Ia- Bizm-N- me tKmJcw
-ep-c -_m-[-I-clx e-\n-tI-Xt\m em`m-em`u 11. amwk ]mm-en-Im-bmkvXp
kau IrXzm iq\ym Kmc tZh- Krl XrW- I qS b{ temtI f K]-Rv Ptc
hevaoI hr-aqe Ipem-emn tlm{X-imem \Zo kv\mbz- n-{]- n-im-en\yx
]pfn\ Kncn-Ip-l -c-tIm-S-c-I--c-\nQ-c- -n-te-
kv{Xnbx Inanh tim`\w
jz-\n-tI-X-hmky {]bXv\x ip`m-ip-`I - \nq-
e-\] - cx kw\ym-tk\ tZl-XymKw ItcmXn k ]c- 12. XzMv amw-k-c - -_m-jv]mw_p
a-lwtkm \mtaXn ]rYIv IrXzm hntem-Nt\
P\n--]-Sn-sb--\n-enbn \nZz--`m-ht- msS \njv]- kam-tem-Ib cayw tNXv
cn-K3-l-m-cmbn XXz {_-am-n ip-a-\-kvIc - mbn Inw ap[m ]cn-ap-lykn
tIhew {]mW-c - -W-n\p am{Xw bYm-Imew FhnsS
X\nv apv k\ymkw kzoI-cn--h-s\bpw Xpey-
\nm-bmepw em`m-em-`m-Nn IqSmsX ssIbntem As-
[w BN-cn-p--hs\ \a-kI v -cn--Ww. am-scbpw Hcn-
n I]m-e- ntem `n kzoI-cnv Ia--ep-h nse
epw ]mSn-. hnj-bm-k-, \oN-m, Ie-l-{]n-b - m
shw IpSnv ktm-j-tmsS k-cn--Ww. hni--S-
Zqjn-Xm- i- b-m Cu \ne-bn- ep k\ym- kn-amcpw Dm- Imw.
m am{Xta bmNn-m-hq. anw shbvt-Xn-. X\nv
\maw [maw Imaw Ah Fn-h-bvsmw AXo-X- ambn
Ignp IqSm GsX-nepw GIm-hpw hnP-\-hp-amb
Db \ne-bn B-XXzw [cn k\ymkn Bscbpw
m\w Is--Ww. iq\y-Kr-lw tZhm-ebw B{iaw
\a-kvI-cn-t--Xn-. bYm k\ymkn khhpw kzcq-
hevIoIw hr-aqew Ipi-h-m-cpsS Krlw b-ime
]-n ImWp--h-\m-Wv. Ah\v temI-n sNbvXp
\Zo-XSw Kpl ]md-I apX-em-b-h-bn nc-ambn Krlw
Xom Hcp I-hp-an-. kI-e-]- Zm- fpw bYm-
\nn-msX Ign-p-IqSn ip`m-ip-`-Nn IqSmsX k\ym-
k-\ym-knv Xpey-am-Wv. Cuiz-c Poh-cq-]-n kIe
k- [- n- en-cpv tZlw XyPn-p- -h-\mWv ]cw-a- lw-k.
Pohn-I-fnepw {]th-in-n-cn-p-I-bm-sWp a\-n-emn
6. Bimw-_tcm \ \a-kvImtcm \ Zmc-]p-{Xm-`n- IpXn-c-bm-bmepw Nm-f-\m-bmepw ]ip-hm-bmepw Igp-X-
emjo eym-e - y-\ nh- Iw ]cn-{hmSv ]c-ta- bm-bmepw Ah Z-\a-kvImcw sNp-p. amwkmn
iztcm `hXn Ass{XtX tmIm `hn \nn-Xa - mb kv{Xo-icocn FmWv kucyw? Cu
ico-c- nse amwkw sXmen cw Ip-\o Fnh
\-\mbn Bscbpw \a-kI v -cn-m-sX, Fm-nepw ]c-
{]tXyIw ths]-Spn t\mn-bm AXv kp-c-amtWm?
{_w Iv `mcym-]p-{Xm-Zn-If
- n-ep Bk-n- IqSmsX
AXn tamln-m-s\-n-cn-pp?
eym-ey \nh-I-\mbn kh-kzhpw Dt]-n- p
k\ymkn ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Wv. AXns\ kw_- n-p tmI- 13. tacp irwK-X-tbm-mkn
-fn-Xm. KwKm-P-e-c-tbm-]am
7. tbm `thXv ]qh k\ymkn Zrmh bkvan apt\-apm
Xpteym ssh [tXm bZn lmc-tkym-mk imen\m
Xkvssa {]Wmax Ithym 14. ivaim-t\jp ZnvtXjp
t\X-cmb IZm-N\ k Gh ee\m kvX\x
8. {]am-Znt\m _ln-nm iz`n-cm-kzm-ZytX Imte
]nip\m Ie-tlm-pImx eLp-]n Chm-kx
k\ym-knt\m f ]n Zriyt 15. tIi-I-p-f -[m-cntWym
tZh- k-q-jn-X m-ibmx Zpkv]iu temN-\{- ]nbmx
9. \mam-Zn`yx ]tc `qav\n ZpjvIr-Xmn inJm \mtcym
kzcm-tPy-tNXv ntXm f Zztb Zln XrW-h-cw

N P
 714

I 16. Pze\m AXn-Zqtc f ]n Ihpw ZpxJirw-J-eb - p-ambn kv{Xnbn \nv Cuiz-c

K
kckm A]n \ockmx cn--s. kv{Xobph\v t`mK-hm-RO v -bp-v. kv{Xoc-ln-
X\v t`mK-sa- hnsS? kv{Xnsb Dt]-n-h - {]]w shSn-
kv{Xntbm ln \c-Im-o\m
p-shv Icp-Xmw. {]]w XyPn-m kpJw t\Smw.
an\w Nmcp ZmcpWw ]p{X\pw ZpxJZm-bI - \- m-Wv. ]p{X-\n-s-n amXm-]n-Xm-
17. Ima-\mav\m Incm-tX\ v ZpxJw K`-]m{Xw {]k-h-th-Z-\m-tiw Cs\
hnIom apKv [-tN-Xkx ]eXp Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. ]p{X P\n-mepw {Kl-
\mtcym \c-hn-lw-Km\m _m[ tcmK-_m[ apX-em-bh Dm-Imw. ]p{X [q-
\mbn Fpw hcmw. D]-b-\ - n\p tijhpw aqV-\m-bn-
awK-_ --\- hm-Kpcmx
sbv hcmw. hnhm- lm- Zn- I-fnse XS-hpw ZpxJZm-b-I-am-Imw.
kv{XoIfpsS amdn-e-Wn cXv\-ame tacp XS-n
23. bp-\ ]c-Zm-cmZn
\n- f n- p KwKv Xpey- a m- W v . A- s \- b p
kv{XobpsS kvX\m-Zn-I ivaim-\ - nepw apw tOZn-- Zmcn{Zyw N IpSpw-_n\nx
sp InS-p-tm ]n-I tNmdp-cpf t]mse Xnp-p. ]p{XZpxJky \mkvXytm
tImXn-sbm-Xp-nb Xe-ap-Snbpw ARvP-\-sa-gp-Xnb Ip- [\o tN{n-btX XZm
am kv{Xo `bm-\-I-amb An-in-Jp Xpeyw ]pcp-j- 24. \]m-Wn-]m-Z-N] - tem
msc `kvao-I-cn-p-p. kv{Xo Zqsc shp Xs Zln-n-
\t\-{X-N-]tem bXnx
p--hfpw kc-k-sap tXmp-sa-nepw ck- lo-\bpw \c-
Im-n-bpsS C-\-hp-am-W.v Ima-\m-Ip thS a\pjy-cm- \ N hmIvN-]-es - sh
Ip ]n-Isf AI-s- Sp- m hoin- b- h-e-bmWv kv{XoI- {_-`qtXm PntX-{nbx
sfp ]d-bmw. 25. cn]u _t kztZ-tlN
18. P-]-ez-e-a-ym\mw kssa-Imyw {]]-iyXx
Nn-I- a-N m-cnWmw hnth-In\x IpXx tIm]x
]qwkmw Zphm-k -\m-c-p kztZ-l m-h- b-thjznh
\mco _Un-i-]n-nIm 26 A]-Im-cnWn tIm]-tXv
19. kthjmw tZmjm-c-Xv\m\mw tImt] tIm]x IYw \tX
kpk-ap-ZvK n-b-am-\ bm [m-I m-a-tam-mWmw
ZpxJir-J-ebm \nXy {]kly ]cn-]-n\n
ae-amkvXp aa kv{Xnbm 27. \tamkvXp aa tIm]mb
20. bkykv{Xo Xky t`mtKm kzm{i-b-RvPzm-ent\ `riw
\nkv{Xo-Iky Iz t`mK`qx tIm]ky aa sshcmKy
kv{Xnbw Xyzm PK-yw Zmbnt\ tZmj-t_m-[nt\
PKXv Xyzm kpJo `h
bph-\-b--\mb ]p{X\v ]c-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn Ahn-ln-
21. Ae-`y-am-\-kvX-\bx X-_w Dm-Iptam F `b-n\pw CS-bp-v. hnhm-ln-
]nXcu ti-tb-ncw X-\m-bm km\ kwJy-hn-ptam F `bhpw D.
e_vt[m tl K`-]m-tX\ ]p{X\n \n ]e ZpxJ-fp-ap-m-Imw. [\-hm-\m-sW-
n ]p{X-\p-m-hn-. Dm-bm acn-p-shpw hcpw.
{]k-th\ N _m[tX
Cs\ ]e-t-i- pw Imc-W-`q-X- bmb kv{Xosb Hgn-
22. PmX-ky-{K-l-tcm-KmZn hm- - Ww. hnhm-ln- X- \m-I-cp- Xv. B `mK- t-p Bkn
Ipam-cky N [qXm Acp-Xv. Ic-N-c-W- t\{X- hmv Fn-h-bn bXn-
D]-\ otX f ]yhn-ZyXz kw-b-an-bm-bn-cn--Ww. PntX-{n-b\ - mtb ]q. Fmte
a\p-Zzm-l ]ntX {_-a-b\ - m-Im km[n-q. i{Xphpw kmwkm-cn-I-_w
tN-Xp-amb ico-c-n GI-`mhw ImWp m\-io-
P-]ezme-n hkn-p-Xpw Nn-]--n Ncn- e-\mb bXnv HmtcmSpw tIm]-an-. a\p-jy\v kzw Ah-
p--Xpamb ]pcp-j- \m-Ip ay-n\v Zphm-k- \m-]mi b-h--fn tIm]w tXmm-dn--tm. Bsc-nepw \nc-]c - m-
_n-X- amb Nq-bmWv kv{XoI. kh-tZm-j-cXv\ t]S- [n-I-fpsS t\v tIm]w Imn-bm B a\p-jy-t\mSv

N P

I [mm-Im-a-tam---fpsS {]_ew i{Xp-hmb tIm]-
tmSv Fp-sImv tIm]n-p-n Fv tNmZn--Ww.
kzm{i-b-s-s Npp Nm-em-p tIm]-n\v
Fs \a- kvIm- cw. F\nv sshcmKyw \Ip- Xpw tZmjw
Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xp-amb tIm]-n\v \a-kvIm-cw.
28. b{X kp]vXm P\m \nXyw
{]_p--kvX{X kwbao
{]_p b{X tX hnZzm
kpjp]vXnw bmXn tbmKn-cmSv
29. NnZn-lm-kvXoXn Nnm{X-
anZw Nn-b-ta-hN
Nnzw NnZ-l-tatX N
temIm-n-ZnXn `mhb
1 tbmK-IpWvUeyp]-\n-jv 3
imn]mTw
Hmw. k l\ mh hX p. k l \u `p\ p .
klhocyw Ichmh ssl. tXPkzn\mh[oX
akvX p. am hnZznjm hssl.
{_w Rsf cp t]scbpw cns. AXv
Rsf cp t]scbpw ]cn]mens. R cp
t]cpw Hcpanv tbmKyX t\SpamdmIs. R ]ckv]
cw hntZzjnmXncns. Hmw imnx imnx imnx.
Hmw Aymbw
1. tlXp Zzbw ln Nnky hmk\m
N kaocWx
Xtbm hn\njvS GIkvanw kvXZv
hm]]n hn\iyXx
2. XtbmcmZu kaocky Pbw Ipcym \mcx kZm
anXmlmc mk\, N in
NmekvXrXobbx
N P
715
30. bXo\mw XZp-]m-tZbw K
]mc-lwky ]cw ]Zw
\mXx ]c-Xcw InnXv
hnZytX ap\n-]pw-Kh
CXyp-]- \ n-jXv
km[m-c-W - m-c-\mb hyn Dd-p-tm kwb-an-
bmb ]pcp- j DWn-cn- p-p. AXm-bXv hnj-bm-k- n-
bpsS L-n kwban XnIpw PmK- cq-I-\m-Ip-p. km[m-
c- W-m DWn-cn-p-tm tbmKn kpjp- ]X v n- bn ebn-
p-p. bXn {]]--n NnXv kzcq-]-\m-Wv. kI-e-kr-
nbpw Nn{Zq-]-am-Ip-p. AJ- -amb {_mw Nn-b-
am-Wv. Nn{Zq]w Xs-bmWv ka-kvX-hpw. Rm\pw Nnp
Xs. kh-kr-nbpw Nn{Zq-]-am-Ipp. ap\n-h-cym, bXn-
Iv D]m-tZ-ba - m-bn-p-Xv ]c-a-lw-ks ]c-a-]-Za- mb
tamw Xs-bm-Ip-p. CXnepw D]-cn-bm-bn-sm-p-an-.
bm-h-teym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p
3. GtXjmw eWw hty irWp KuXa
kmZcw
kpkv\nKv[ a[pcmlmc kpmwti
hnhPnXx
4. `pPqtX inhkw{]ossXy anXmlmcx
k DNytX
Bk\w Zznhn[w t{]mw ]Zvaw
h{Pmk\w XYm
5. Duthmcp ]cntNt Dt` ]mZXte bYm
]mk\w `thtZXXv kh]m] {]Wmi\w.
a\ns AncXbvv ImcWw cmWv. Hp
hmk\ cmaXv izmkw FnhbmWv. Chbn Hp
XIcmdnembm atXpw XIcmdnembn. AXn\m km[
I {][m\ambn sNtXv izms AXmbXv {]mWs\
PbnpI FXmWv . Ah anXmlmcw Bk\w
inNme\w Ch ioenWw. KuXa, C\n Rm Ah
bpsS eW ]dp Xcmw. {itbmsS tIpI.

I BZyambn kv\nKv[hpw a[pchpamb Blmcw IgnWw.
hbdns \mensemcp `mKw HgnnSWw. inh{]oXyw
Cs\ anXmlmcw IgnWw. Bk\fn cs
amWv. {][m\w ]mk\hpw h{Pmk\hpw. cp XpSI
fpsSbpw apIfnembn ]ckv]cw cp ImepIfpsSbpw
]mZXesf t\sc shbvpXmWv ]mk\w. AXv
kIe ]m]fpw \innpXmWv.
6. hmamw {Ln aqeImt[m ]y\pw
XZp]cnnt]Xv
ka{Koh incx Imtbm h{Pmk\anXocnXw.
7. IpWv Uteyh `thXv inx Xmw Xp
kme tbXv _p[x
kzm\mZm{Zpthm a[yw inNme\
apNytX
8. XXv km[t\ Zzbw apJyw kckzXym kvXp
Nme\w
{]mWtcm[ aYw `ymk ZrPzo IpWvU en\o
`thXv
9. XtbmcmZu kckzXymme\w IYbman tX
AcptXyh IYnXm ]pcmhnZv`nx kckzXn
10. bkym kmet\ ss\h kzbw NeXn
IpWv Ueo
CUmbmw hlXn {]mtW _[zm
]mk\w ZrVw
tbm\n m\v CSXp Imens Dqn shbvp
Ibpw heXp Imens Dqn AXn\p apIfnembn
shbvpIbpw Igpv Xe Fnh t\sc \nhpIbpw
sNbvX m AXv h{Pmk\ambn. IpWvU en\nbmWv
apJyin. m\nbmb km[I AXp Nennv cv
]pcnIfpsSbpw a[yn sImpt]mIpp. CXp
Xs inNme\w. IpWvUen\o Nme\n\v cp
apJyamb km[\Ifpv. Hv kckzXo Nme\w. atXv
{]mW \ntcm[w. Npcpp InSp IpWvUen\n A`ym
kwsImv \nhphcpp. BZyw kckzXoNme-
\sn ]dbmw. ]qhnI, kckzXnsb AcpXn
FmWv ]dncpXv kckzXo\mUo Ne\m
IpWvUen\n kzbw Nenpp. CSs CUm\mUnbn
IqSn izmkw {]hlnptm ]mk\nencnWw.
11. ZzmZimwKpe ssZLyw N Aw_cw
NXpcwKpew
hnkvXocy tX\ XmUnw thjvT bnXzm
XXx kp[o
12. AwKpjvT XP\o`ymw Xp lkvXm `ymw
[mctbXv ZrVw
kziym Nmetb Zzm ta ZnWu
]p\x ]p\x
N P
716
13. aplq Zzb ]cyw \n`bmme K
tbZv kp[ox
Du[zmamIjtbXv InnXv kpjva v\mw
IpWvU enKXmw
14. tX\ IpWvUen\o Xkymx kpjpav\ mbmx
apJw {htPXv
PlmXn XkvamXv {]mtWm bw kpjpmw
{hPXn kzbw
15. Xpt Xp XmWw Ipcym IWvT
kwtImN\ IrtX
kckzXym met\\ hKtm
[ztKm acpXv.
]{v AwKpew \ofhpw \mev AwKpew hoXnbp
ap BImi Ipesf kev]nv IpWvUen\nsb
NpWw. ]ns CSsbpw hesbpw \mknImc{
sf Xhnc sImpw Nqphnc sImpambn
]nSnv BZyw hep `mKp \mknIbn IqSnbpw
]noSv CSs \mknIbn IqSnbpw hopw hopw
tcNI ]qcI sNWw. AtXmsSmw AXns\ Nn
bneqsS heXpw CSXpw `mK hopw hopw Nenn
Ww. Cs\ Hcp aplq kabw kckzXo Nme\w
sNWw. ]ns IpWvUen\np kao]ap kqjvav\
\mUnsb Aev]w apIfntev BIjnWw. Cs\
A`yknptm IpWvU en\n kpjva v\bpsS apJv
{]thinpp. Atm {]mW\pw kzbw Bm\w
hnv kpva v\bn {]thinpp. hbdv apIfnte
bvmIjnv Igpv ktmNnnv kckzXo Nme\w
sNptm hmbp lrZbn \npw apIfntev
Kanpp.
16. kqtcyW tcNtbZzmbpw kckzXym
kvXp Nmet\
IWvT ktmN\w IrXzm hK
tm [ztKm acpXv
17. Xkva mXv kmetbnXyw i_vZK`mw
kckzXow
Xkymx kmet\ ss\h tbmKo tcmssKx
{]apNytX
18. Kpevaw PtemZcw olm tb Nmt\y
Xp a[yKm
kthXp in Nmte\ tcmKmx
\iyn \nbw
19. {]mWtcmLatYZm\ow {]hyman kamkXx
{]mW tZltKm hmbpcmbmax
Ip`Ix kvarXx

I 20. k Gh [znhn[x t{]mx klnXx
tIhe kvXYm
bmhXv tIhe knnx kym mhXv
klnXa`ytkXv
kckzXo Nme\w sNptm hep kqcy
\mUnbn IqSn hmbphns\ tcNIw sNWw. IWvTw
ktmNnnm hmbp lrZbn \npw apIfntemv
t]mIpw. Cs\ i_vZ K`amb kckzXo Nme\w
CShnSmsX sNWw. CXp ioenm tbmKn kIe tcmK
fn \npw hnap\mIpw. in Nme\m
\inpw. {]mW \ntcm[\sn C\n ]dbmw. tZl
kmcnbmb hmbphns\ {]mWs\p ]dbpp. AXv
ncambncnp AhbmWv Ipw`Iw. AXv klnX
Ipw`Iw, tIhe Ipw`Iw Fv cp hn[apv. tIhe
Ipw`I nXn ssIhcpXp hsc klnX Ipw`Iw
A`ykntXpv.
21. kqtcymmbo ioXfn N `kv{Xo
ssNh NXpnIm
t`ssZtch kaw Ipwt`m bx kymXv
klnX Ipw`Ix
22. ]hnt{X \nPt\ tZti icmZn hnhPntX
[\px {]amW ]cyt ioXmn PehPntX
23. ]hnt{X \mXyp \o tN lymkt\
kpJtZ kptJ
_ ]mk\w IrXzm kckzXymkvXp
Nme\w
24. Z\mUym kam Irjy _lnjvT
]mh\w iss\x
btYjvSw ]qctb Zzmbpw tcNtb ZnUbm XXx
25. I]me tim[t\ hm]n tcNtbXv
]h\w iss\x
btYjvSw ]qctb Zzmbpw tcNtb ZnUbm XXx
25. I]me tim[t\ hm]n tcNtbXv
]h\w iss\x
NXpjvIw hmXtZmjw Xp Iran tZmjw
\nln N
kqcy, Dmbn, ioXfn, `kv{XnI Fo \mep
hn[ap {]mWmbmatfmsSmw klnX Ipw`Iw sN
Ww. GImhpw ]cniphpw Ipw Ibpw CmXpw
ASpv ]pv, Xov, Pew FnhbnmXpw A[nIw
XmgvNtbm Dbtbm CmXpw ASpv ]pv, Xov,
Pew FnhbnmXpw A[nIw XmgvNtbm Dbtbm
CmXpw Bb hnip ev kpJambn _
]mk\nencpv kckzXo Nme\w sNWw.
I]metim[\nepw hmbphns\ kmh[m\n ]pd-
N P
717
tbvv hnSWw. Cu {InbbpsS ^eambn Fm hn[ K
hmXtcmKepw IrantZmjhpw CmXmIpw.
26. ]p\x ]p\cnZw Imcyw kqcyt`Z apZmlrXw
apJw kwbay \mUoZym amXrjy
]h\w iss\x
27. bYm{] KXn IWvTmp lrZbmh[n kkz\w
]qhhXv Ipw`tbXv {]mWw tcN tb
ZnUbm XXx
28. iotjmZnXm\elcw Kftjlcw ]cw
kh tcmKlcw ]pWyw tZlm \ev hn\mi\w
29. \mUo PtemZcw [mXp KX tZmj hn\mi\w
KI kXvjTXx Imcy apmbmJyw
30. Pnlzbm hmbphmIrjy ]qh
hXv Ipw`ImZ\p
iss\kvXp {LmW c{m `ymw tcNtb
Z \newkp[o
31. Kpev] olmZnIm tZmjm bw
]nw Pzcw Xrjmw
hnjmWn ioXfn \ma Ipw`tIm bw
\nln N.
kqcyt`Zn FmWv Cu {]{InbbpsS t]cv. CShn
SmsX CXv A`yknWw. C\n Dmbn. hmbv ASp
aqns cp Zzmcfn IqSnbpw hmbphns\ kmh[m
\n Dntev henWw. Atm AXv i_vZtm
sS IgppapX lrZbw hsc \ndbpw ]ns ]gb
t]mse Ipw`Iw sNbvX v CSs aqn IqSn tcNIw
sNWw. AXns ^eambn Xebnse DjvWw Igpn
se I^sv apXemb ]e tcmKfpw ianpp;
PTcmnbpw hnpw ap tcmKpw iaw Inpw.
Cu Dmbn Ipw`Iw kcnptmgpw sNbvXp sIm-
ncnmw. ioXfn F {]mWmbmaw sNptm hmbn
hns\ \mn IqSn henv apnestmse Ipw`Iw
sNWw. ]ns kmh[m\n aqneqsS tcNIw
sNmw. Kpevaw ol ]nw Pzcw Zmlw Ch ianm
Cu {]tbmKw DaamWv.
32. XXx]mk\w _[zm ka{Kothm Zcx kpJo
apJw kwbay bmtXm\ {LmWw
{LmtW\ tcNtbXv
33. bYm eKXn IWvTmp I]mte
kkz\w XXx
thtK\ ]qctbXv InnXv lrXv
]mh[n amcpXw
34. ]p\ hntcNtbXv XZzXv ]qctb ]p\x ]p\x
bssYh temlImcmWmw `kv{Xm thtK\
NmeytX

I 35. XssYh kz icocw Nme tbXv
]h\w iss\x
bYm {ita `thXv tZtl XYm
kqtcyW ]qctbXv
36. btYmZcw `thXv ]qw ]ht\\
XYm eLp
[mcb \mknIm a[yw XP\o`ymw
37. Ipw`Iw ]qhhXv IrXzm tcNtbZn Ubm\ew
IWvt Tm nXzm \nelcw icocmn
hnh\w
38. IpWv Ueo t_m[Iw ]pWyw ]m]Lv\w
ip`ZwkpJw
{_ \mUo apJm I^ ZpK
\mi\w
39. KptWm{XbkapZv `qX {Kn {Xb hn`ZIw
hntitjssW h Ihyw `kv{XmwJyw
Ipw`Iw XznZw
`kvXnI F {]mWmbmaw hnhcnpp. ]mk
\nencpv Igppw tZlhpw \nhn hmbSv kmh
[m\w aqn IqSn tcNIw sNpI. ]ns hmbphns\
thKn i_vZtmsS Igpv Amv Xetbmn
lrZbw Fnhbv v AXns kv] i\w A\p`h
sSphn[w BIjnWw hmbpshfnbn hv
hopw ]qcIw sNWw. Cu {]{Inb sIms Desb
tmse XpScWw. Cs\ icocnse hmbphns\
\nb{nv NennpI. tiw tXmnbm kqcy\mU
aptJ\ ]qcIw sNbvX v NqmWn hnc HgnsIbp
\mep hncepI sImv aqns a[yw ZrVambn ]nSnv
Ipw`Iw sNWw. ]ns CSs aqneqsS tcNIw
sNWw. icocmn hnnm CXv D]Icnpw.
IpWvUensb DWpw ]pWyIchpw ]m]\miIhpam
WnXv. kpjpav\ bpsS apJs ^emZnI CXp aqew
\inpw. {XnKpWmIfmb aqp {KnIsfbpw t`Zn
pXmWnXv. `kvXnI Fp t]cp Cu {]mWmbmaw
{]tXyIw A`ykntXmWv.
40. NXpWma]n t`Zm \mw Ipw`tI
kap]ntX
_{Xb anZw Imcyw tbmKn`n
hoXIssjx
41. {]Ytam aqe_kvXp ZznXotbmob
\m`n[x
Pmec kvXrXob kvXp tXjmw eW
apNytX
42. At[m KXn a]m\w ssh Du[zKw IpcptX
_emXv
AIpt\\ Xw {]mlp aqe _tm
bapNytX
N P
718
43. A]mt\ tNm [ztKm bmtX K
kw{]m]vtX hn aWvUte
XtXm \e inJm ZoLm htX
hmbp\m lXm
44. XmtXm bmssX hy am \u hmbp
tjva kzcq]Iw
tX\mXy {]Zo]vtX\ Pzet\
tZlPkvXYm
45. tX\ Ip WvU en\ o kp ] v X m k wX ] v X m
kw{]_p[ytX
ZWvUmlXp `pPwKoh \nx izky
EPqXmw {]tPXv
Cs\ \mep hn[nep {]mWmbma ioen
ptXmsSmw tbmKn aqp _ IqSn sNWw.
Hv aqe_w cv Dobm\w aqv Pmec_w.
At[mKat\mpJamb A]m\s\ intbmsS KpZn
s B Ip\m apIfntebvp sImpt]mIpXp
sImv AXv aqe _amWv A]m\ apIfntep
t]mbn. AnaWvU ehpambn tNcptm AXns
{]`mhm An DzeamIpw. AsXmsS DdnnS
p IpWvUen\n DWcpw; hSnsImv ASntb s]
kstmse ^qXvImctmsS AXv EphmIpp.
46. _ne {]tZitXm b{X {_ \mUycw
{]tPXv
XkvamnXyw aqe_x Ithym
tbmKn`nx kZm
47. Ipw`Imt tcNImZu Ithym
tbmKn`nx kZm
47. Ipw`Imt tcNImZu I
hykvXp nbmWIx
_tm tb\ kpjpav\mbmw {]mW
kvXpo btXbXx
48. Xkva m Zpob Wm tJym bw tbmKn`nx
kapZm KrXmx
kXn h{Pmkt\ ]mZu Icm`ymw
[mctbXv ZrVw
49. Kpev^ tZi kaot] N Iw b{X
{]]oUtbXv
]naw XmWapZtc [mctbXv lrZtb itf
50. iss\x iss\ bYm {]mWkvXp
kow \nKXn
XptZmjw hn\n [qb Ihyw kXXw
iss\x
AsXmsS AXv amfn {]thinpXpt]mse
kpjpav\bn {]thinpp. AXpsImv tbmKnI

I aqe_w Fpw A`yknWw. Ipw `Ivn\p tijw
tcNInpapv Dobm\ _w sNWw. Atm
{]mWhmbp kpjpav\bpsS Dn ]dpp. AXpsIm
p XsbmWv Cs\sbmcp t] Xs InnbXv
(Db\w sNpI. ]dpI) CXn\v h{Pmk\\mbn
ImepIsf ssIsImv ZrVambn ]nSnWw. IWmen\
Spv Icpm\ anWw. hbdv taevt]mmI
jnv lrZbhpw IWvT \onnSnv henWw. Cs\
sNptm {]mW hbnse knIfn {]thinp
Ibpw hbnse k tZmjfpw AIpIbpw sNpw.
AXn\m Cu A`ymkw Fpw sNWw.
51. ]qcImt Xp Ithym _tm
Pmecm`n[x
IWvT ktmN cqt]m ku hmbp
am \ntcm[Ix
52. A[kvXmXv Ipt\\mip IWvT
ktmNt\ IrtX
at[y ]na XmtW\ kymXv {]mtWm
{_\mUnIx
53. ]qthmt\ {ItassWh kaynXx
Nme\w Xp kckzXyx IrXzm {]mWw
\ntcm[tbXv
54. {]Yta Znhtk Imcyw Ipw`Im\mw
NXpjvSbw
{]tXyIw ZikwJymIw ZznXotb
]`nkvXYm
55. hnwiXpew XrXotb n ]hrym
Znt\ Znt\
Ihyx Ipw`tIm \nXyw _ {Xb
ka\znXx
IWvT ktmN\w sNpXv. Pmec_n
hmbphns\ \ntcm[m\mWv. Cu _w ]qcIm
n sNWw. Xmsg aqe_w aptJ\ KpZs B
Ip\w sNbvXp apIfn \npw Pmecm IWvT
ktmN\w sNbvXv a[yn ]na Xm\w AXmbXv
Dnbm\w aptJ\ {]mWs\ BIjnWw. Cs\
Fm `mKp\npw \ntcm[s {]mW kpjpav\
bn Ibdpp. kqNnn {]Imcw \t]mse Bk\
\mbn kckzXoNme\w sNbvXv {]mWs\ \ntcm[nWw.
BZy Znhkw \miIpw`Ifpw ]pXhW sNWw.
cmw Znhkw Ccp]Xp XhW; aqmw Znhkw Ccp]Xp
XhW; Cs\ Hmtcm Znhkhpw Ap XhW hn
Ww. Cu Ipw`Im`ymkw aqp _tfmSp IqSn
\nXyhpw sNtXpv.
N P
719
56. Znhmkp]vXn \nimbmw Xp PmKcmZXn K
ssaYp\mXv
_lpkw{IaWw \nXyw tcm[m
aq{X]pcojtbmx
57. hnjamk\ tZmjm {]bmk
{]mWNn\mXv
io{LapXv]ZytX tcmKx kvXw ` tbZy
Zn kwbao
58. tbmKm`ymtk\ ta tcmK Dev]n
CXn IYytX
XtXm `ymkw XytPtZhw {]Yaw
hnLv\ apNytX
59. ZznXobw kwibm Jym N XrXobw
N {]aXx
BekymJyw NXpw N \n{Zm cq]w
Xp ]aw.
60. jjvT XphcXn {`mnx k]vXaw
]cn IonXw
hnjaw NmjvSaw ssNh A\mJym
\haw kvarXw
61. Ae_v[n tbmK XXzky Ziaw
t{]mNytX _pss[x
CtXy\ ZznLv\ ZiIw hnNmtcW
XytPXv _p[x
]Iepdw cm{Xn Ddanfv AXnssaYp\w; Gsd
\Sw, aeaq{X \ntcm[\w, Bk\ sshjayw, \n_
npff {]mWmbmaw Cu tZmjfm tcmKw DmImw
AXpIv tcmKn\p ImcWw tbmK`ymksa tXm
epmImw. A\s tbmKm`ym ]cnXymKw Hmas
hnLv\amWv, cmas hnLv\w kwibw, aqp {]a
X, \mev Bekyw, Av AXn \n{Z Bdv hncXn,
Ggv {`mn, Fv hnjaX, H]Xv A\mJy ]matXv
tbmKXXzns A{]m]vXn. hnhcapff km[I Nnn
v Ah ssIhntSXpv.
62. {]mWm`ymkkvXXx Imtcym \nXyw
kXzbm [nbm
kpjpav\m eobtX Nnw \N
hmbpx {][mhXn
63. ipjvtI ate N tbmKo N kymZv \ Xn
menXm XXx
At[mKXn a]m\w ssh Du[zKw
IpcptX _emXv

I 64. BIpt\\ Xw {]mKp aqe
_tmb apNytX
A]m\ tm [ztKm `qXzm hn\u
kl KXn
65. {]mWm\w XtXm hnx {]mRm]m\u
N kXzcw
anfnXzm IpWvTeow bmXn {]kp]vXm
IpWvUemIrXnx
66. tX\mn \m Nk ]vX m ] h t\ss\
h NmenXm
{]kmcy kz icocw Xp kpjpav\m hZ\mtc.
Cs\ {]mWmbmaw \nbanX cq]n kmXznI
_p[ym A`yknWw. AXns ^eambn Nnw
kpjpav\bn ebnpp. AXn {]mW hmbp HmSp.
aetim[\bvp tijw {]mW Nem XpSptm
{]bXv \ ]qhw A]m\s\ Du[zKXnbntev \bn
Ww. CXn\pff KpZmIp\ {]{Inbv aqe_w Fp
t]. A]m\ apIhnXsen Anbpambn tbmPn
pp. ]ns {]mWhmbphpambpw tbmPnptm
{]mW \n{Zbnemb IpWvU eo\nsb {]m]npp.
tm AXns DjvWm NensSp IpWvUen\n 75. CXyt[m[z cPx ip inth XZ\p amcpXx
icnbmb hn[nembn h{Pn {]thipp.
67. {_ {Knw XtXm `nXzm ctPm
KpWkapZv `hw
kpjpav\m hZt\ io{Lw hnZypttJh
kwptcXv
68. hnjvWp {Knx {]mbmXyp ssx kXzcw
lrZn kwnXw
Du[zw KXn bmkvtX cp{Z {Knw
XZphw
69. {`qthm a[yw Xp kw`nXy bmXn
ioXmw ipaWvUew
A\mlXmwJyw b{Iw Zssf
tjmUi`nbpXw
70. X{X ioXmw ip kwPmXw {Zhw
timjbXn kzbw
NentX {]mWthtK\ c Nnw
chn {KlmXv
ctPmKpWn \npmb {_{Kn t`Znv Cu
IpWvUen\o in kpjpav\bvpffn hnZypns
tcJt]mse tim`npp. AXnthKw AXv lrZbnse
hnjvWp {Knsb {]m]nv apIfn Bm N{In
sen AhnsS cp{Z{Knsb {]m]npIbpw AhnsS
\nv cp]pcnIfpsSbpw a[ym\w t`Znv N{
aWvUensepIbpw AhnsS ]Xn\mdp ZftfmSp
N P
720
IqSnb A\mlX N{In N{\n \nv DmIp
K
{Zhs DWnfbpI am{Xa {]mWhmbphns
thKm kqcy csbpw {Klnp nXn
hntijw kwPmXamIpp.
71. bmtXp N{Iw b{XmkvtX ip
tjva {ZhmIw
X{X knw {KkXypjvWw IYw
ioX kz`mhIw
72. XssYh c`km ipw N{ cq]w ln X]ytX
Du[zw {]hlXn _p_vt[m XssZhw
{ihtX Xcmw
73. \kymkzmZhimnw _lnjvSw
hnjtajvT bXv
XtZh ]caw `pzm kzkym
ctXm bphm
74. {]IrXymjvSI cq]w N m\w KXn
IpWv Ueo
t{ImUoIrXy inhw bm{Xn t{ImUoIrXy
hneobtX
{]mWm ]m\u kau bmXn kl PmXu
XssYh N
N{aWvU en t]mbn AXv AhnSs {Zh
]Zmw timnnv AXns\ NqSpffXmpw. Atm
AhnsS XWpss\? CXv N{s ip cq]w X]vX
amn {]p_v[ambn apIfn Ibdpp. XXv^eambn
_mly ]Zmfn I]qInbncp Nnw ]camm
hn ebnv Bm\a\p`hnpp. Cs\ IpWvU
en\n Fp hn[nepff {]IrXn {]m]nv inht\mSp
tNv AXn ebnpp. AXn\m Xmgs cPpw
apIfnse iphpw tbmPnv inh\n hnebw {]m]np
p. {]mW\pw A]m\\pw kam\cq]n klPm-
XcmbXn\m cpw Ahbn s ebnpp.
76. `qtXybvt] Nat\mevt] hm hmNtX
XzXn h[tX
[mhXyJne hmX Anaqjm lncWyhXv
77. B[n `uXnItZlw Xp B[n
ssZhnI hn{Ktl
tZmtlm Xn hnaew bmXn NmXnhmlnI
XmanbmXv
78. PmUy`mh hn \n ap aaew NnbmIw
XkymXnhmlnIw apJyw kthjmw Xp
aZmnIw

I 79. Pmbm `hhn \napnx Ime cq]ky hn{Zax
CXn Xx kzkzcq]m ln aXo cp `pPwKhXv
80. hrssjthm t`Xn kIew hrssjh
{]hneobtX
cu]y_pnx ipn Imbmw kv{Xo]pwtkm
{`atXm bYm.
sNdpXmbmepw `uXnIicocw DjvW w hnp
tm kzw t]mse X]npp;hym]npp. CXns
{]`mhm B[n`uXnI icocw B[n ssZhnamIpp.
hnIeambn AXv kqva icoc XpeyamIpp. Cs\
bp km[I\v ]p\Pan. Ime\pw Ahs\ \nb{n
m Ignhn. bYm m\w Ah t\Spp.
Ibdn k {`mnbpw Nnnbn cPX{`mnbpw
kv{Xobn ]pcpj {`mnbpw DmImdptm. km[I\v
Xs tZls kw_np {`a anYysbv
t_m[yamIpp.
81. ]nWvU{_mWv UtbmsscIywenK
kq{Xm t\mc]n
kzm]mhymIrXtbmsscIyw kz{]Imi
NnZmt\mx
inIpWvU en\o \ma _nkXp\n`m ip`m
aqeIw ^Wmt{KW Zrjv SzmIaeIhXv
83. aptJ\ ]pw km Krly {_ c{
ka\znXm
]mk\ KXx kztm KpZamIpWvUym
km[Ix
84. hmbpaq[zKXw IphIpw`
ImhnjvSw am\kx
hmbzLmX himZnx kzm[njvTm\KtXm
Pze
85. Pze\mLmX ]h\mLmssXx cpn{ZntXm
lncmSv
{_ {Knw XtXm `nXzm hnjvWp
{Kw `n\cyXx
86. cp{Z {Knw N `n ssXyh Ihem\n
Zn\n jSv
kl{kIate inx inth\ kl tamZtX
sskhmhm ]cmtbm sskh
\nhrXn ImcnWo. CXn.
AXn\m ]nWvUhpw {_lmamWvUhpw ewK ico-
chpw GIo`hnv Xs Bmhv kzbw {]Imi cq]hp
amb ssNX\ym GIo`hnpp. IpWvU en\o
in Xmac \qen\v XpeyamWv. AXv Iae Iw t]mse
aqeIs ^Wm{Kn I ]pw hmbn \nt
N P
721
]nv {_c{ apJs BhcWw sNbvXv Ddnsm K
ncnpp. AXnmbn km[I ]mk\\mbn
KpZw BIp\w sNbvXv Ipw`Im hmbphns\ apI
fntemv IbWw. hmbphns inbm kzm[njvTm\
N{I nse A nsb D zenn Ww. Atm
AnhmbzmLmXm kpjp]vXnbn apgpInbncp
IpWvUen\n DWcpp. {_ {Kn, hnjvWp{Kn,
cp{Z{Kn, jSvN{Iw Fnhsb t`Znv kl{k IaeZf-
nsepp. AhnsS inh\pambn incq]n
kwtbmPnv tamZmbIhpamb Ahmhntijw.
cmw A[ymbw
1. AYmlw kw {]hyman hnZymw tJNcn
kwn Imw
bYm hnm\ hm\kym temtI
kvan Ptcm acx
2. arXyp hym[n Pcm{K kvX ZrjvSzm hnZym
anamw apt\
_pn ZrV Xcmw IrXm tJNco
Xp ka`ytkXv
3. Pcm arXyp PcmLv\ bx tJ Ncow
thn `pXte
{KX mcy Xss XZ`ymk {]tbmKX.
4. Xw apt\ kh _mth\ Kpcpw aXzm
kam{itbXv
Zpe`m tJNco hnZym XZ`ymtkm ]n Zpe`x
5. A`ymkw taf\w ssNh bpK
]ssh knyXn
A`ymk am{X \ncXm \ hnt l taf\w.
tJNcn hnZy ]dbmw. Cu hnZy A`yknm hm
Iyw acWw Chbn \nv tamN\w Inpw. hmIy
tcmK]oUnX Xobmbpw Cu hnZy A`yknWw.
{K, AhbpsS \ hymJym\ A`ymkw
Chbm Cu hnZysbn \ Adnhp kmZn alm
]pcpjs\ kh `mth\ Kpcphmbn IcpXn Abmfn
\nv Cu hnZy kmZnWw. ImcWw Cu tJNcohnZy
hfsc ITn\amWv. A`ymkhpw taf\tbmKhpw Htc L
n thWw A`ymkw am{Xw t]mcm.
6. A`ymkw e`tX {_ P
Pmtc IzNnXv
taf\w Xp Pm\mw iXmt ]n
\ e_ytX
7. A`ymkw _lpPmt IrXzm
XZv `mhkm[nXw
taf\w e`tX InXv tbmKo
Pmtc IzNnXv

I 8. bZm Xp taf\w tbmKo e`tX Kpcp h{Xx
XZm XZvknnam]vt\m Xn b Zpm imkv{X
k Xu
9. {K XmX ssh taf\w e`tX bZm
XZm inhXz am]vt\mXn \naptm kh
kwkrtXm
10. imkv{Xw hn\m]n kwt_m[yw Kpcthm
]n \ iIv\pbpx
GsXnepsamcp Pn A`ymkw Innsbp
hcmw. Fm taf\w P Pmc Ignmepw 18.
InpIbn. At\I Pfnse A`ymkm tbmKnv
Hcp Pn taf\w knntmw. icnbmb Kpcphn
\nv taf\a{w A`yknm imkv{X\pIqeamb knn
bpmIpw. km[I {Kfnse Aw {Klnv
taf\w kmZnmepw kwkmc ap\mIpw. imkv{Xw
AXymt]nXamWv. Fsm AXp IqSmsX
Kpcphn\p t]mepw bYm inWw km[ya. AXn
\m imkv{X kmZ\hpw A]cnXymPyamWv.
11. bmh\v\ e`ytX imkv{Xw XmhZv Kmw
]cytSXv bXn.
bZm kwe`ytX imkv{Xw XZm knn
Itc nXm
12. \ imkvt{X W hn\m knn ZrjvSm
ssNh PK{tb
XkvamXv taf\ `mXmcw imkv{X
ZmXmc aNypXw
13. XZ`ymk {]`mXmcw inhw aXzm kam{itbXv
e_v[ m imkv{XanZw alym at\yjmw
\ {]ImitbXv
14. Xkva mXv kh{]bXvt \ tKm]\obw
hnPm\Xm
b{XmkvtX N Kpcp {_ ZnhytbmK
{]ZmbIx
15. X{X KXzmN tXt\m hnZymw kwKrly
tJNcnw
tXt\mx kayK`ymkw Ipcym
ZmZm hX{nXmx
tbmKm imkv{X knnhsc `qanbn Npn IdWw.
AXn\v {ianWw. bYm imkv{Xw e`nptm
knnIcKXamIpw. aqp temInepw imkv{X klmbw
IqSmsX Bpw knn ssI hnn. AXn\m taf\ 23. Xky {iotJNco knnx kzbtah
ZmXmhpw imkv{XZmXmhpw A`ymkw \Inb kZvKpcp
Xssbp IcpXn Atls B{ibnWw. hnZy
t\Snbm AXv A\ycpsS apn {]ISnncpXv.
clkyambn kqnWw. FhnsSsbnepw Cu tbmKw
N P
722
a\nemnb Kpcphpsdnm sNv Iv {Kln
K
v th t]mse ]TnWw.
16. A\bm hnZybm tbmKo tJNco knn
`mIv `thXv
tJNcymw tJNcow bpRvP tJNco
_oP ]qcbm
17. tJNcm[n ]Xn `qXzm tJN tcjvT
kZm htkXv
tJNcmhw hnaw _p aWvUe `qjnXw
BJymXw tJNco_nPw tX\ tbmK
{]knyXn
tkmamw i\hIw hw {]Xn temta\
tNmtcXv
19. Xkva mXv ss{Xyw iI amJym\ acw
N{cq]Iw
Xkva mZ ]rjvSaw hw hntemta\
]cw apt\
20. XYm XXv ]caw hnn XZmZnc]n]ao
Ctm _lp `nt N
IqtSmbw ]cnIonX:
tbmKnv Cu hnZybm tJNco in e`npw.
tJNIo tbmKw sNbvXm km[I tJNcmcm A[o
izc\mbn AhcpsS IqtSm hknpw. tJNcns
{]XoIamb lImcw Bhns {]XoIambn Cu
Imcw AnbpsS {]XoIamb cImcw Pens {]XoI
amb aImcw FnhbpsSsbmw kwtbmKm {low
DmIpp. AXmWv tJNco _oPa{w. AXns knn
bm tbmKw ssIhcpw. tkmamwiw kImcw; {]Xntema
KXnb\pkcnv AXns H]Xmas Acw `; N{
s _oPmcw k; AXns Fmas Acw
hntemaKXnbn a; hopw Acw hn]coXambn
Fnbm ]; F Acw hcp Ncq _oPamb
k; bpw At\I hamb ; bpw Anamc
fmWv. Cs\ {low, cw, kw, aw, ]w, kw, w F
tJNco _oPa{w {]knamWv.
21. Kpcq] tZi e`yw N kh tbmK {]knn Zw
bkyt`lPm ambm \ncp IcWm{ibm
22. kz]vt\ ]n \ et`ky \nXyw ZzmZi
P]yXx
b Camw ]emWn Pt]Z]n kpb{nXx
{]htX
\ iyn kh hnLv\m\n {]koZn
N tZhXmx

I 24. heo]enX\mi `hnjyXn \ kwibx
Ghw e_v[zm almhnZym a`ymkw
ImctbXx
25. A\yYm niytX {_ knnx
tJNco ]tY
bZ`ymk khn[u hnZymw \ et`Zyx
kp[m abow
26. XXx ktfImZu N e_u[zm hnZymw
kZm P t]Xv
\m\yYm clntXm {_ km InnXv
knn `mKv `thXv
tJNco a{w kIe knnIfpw \IpXmWv.
Kpcp]tZiw sImt CXv InpIbpp. \nbta\ \nXyw
CXv ]{p XhW P]nphs\ amb hym]nn.
th hn[w CXv Ap ew P]nn. th hn[w
CXv Ap ew P]nph\v JNco hnZy kzbtah
ssIhcpw kIe hnLv\ hpw \opw. tZh {]kmZw
e`npw. Pc \opw; kwiban. hnZy icnbmbn A`y
knWw. ap hn[nembm tiamWv ^ew. bYm
hn[n A`ymkw XpSnpw km^eyw Innbnsnepw
KpcpfpsSbpw apw \nti {]Imcw CXv kZm P]n
Ww. tbmKy\mb Hcp inI\nsn CXns knn
Dmhn.
27. bZnZw e`ytX imkv{Xw XZm hnZymw
kam{itbXv
XX kvX tXmZnXw knnamip Xmw
e`tX ap\nx
28. Xmepaqew kapXv Irjy k]vX
hmkcamhnXv
kz Kpcp {]ImtcW aew khw
hntim[tbXv
29. kv\plo ]{X \n`w ikv{Xw kpXovWw
kv\nKv[ \new
kamZmb XXkvtX\ tcmam{Xw k apnt\Xv
30. lnXzm sskh ]Yym`ymw NqnXm`ymw
{]IjtbXv
]p\x k]vX Znt\ {]m]vtX tcmaam{Xw
kapnt\Xv
31. Ghw {ItaW jamkw \ntXym`ypx
kamNtcXv
j amkmZv ck\maqew kncm_w
{]WiyXn.
km[I\v Cu hnZybpsS imkv{X kw_amb
icnbmb Adnhp e`nm knn Inm ImeXmakw
Dmhn. BZyambn km[I Ggp Znhkw Xmep
aqem\s Kpcphns \nti{]Imcw tXv Ahn
N P
723
Ss kIe amen\yfpw amWw. ]noSv Inbne K
t]mse \ aqbp ipamb InsImtm atm
Xmepaqes Hcp XeapSnp Xpeyw apdnpItbm
Kpcphns\smv apdnnpItbm sNWw. apdn
m\n\p apIfn Cpps]mSn ]pcWw. Ggp
Znhkw Ignv hopw apnestmse XeapSnp
Xpeyw apdnWw. Cu {Ian \nccw {]bXv\nm
\mn\pw Amn\pw \Spp _\w hnSpw.
32. AY hm Knizoco[maintcm hkvt{XW
thjvS tbXv
iss\cpXv Ijtb tZymKo Ime
themhn[m\ hnXv
33. ]p\x j amkamt{XW \nXyw
kwLjmpt\
{`pa[ym h[n Nmt]yXn XncyW _nemh[nx
34. AY Nn_pIw aqew {]bmXn {IaNmcnXm
]p\x kwhcmWmw Xp XrXobm tZh
eoebm
35. tIimaq[zw {IaXn XncyIv
imJmh[n apt\
A[kvXmXv IWvTIq]mw ]p\ hj
{XtbWXp
36. {_ c{w kamhrXy XnjvtT tZh
\ kwibx
XncyIv NqenXew bmXn A[x IWvT _nem
h[nx
37. iss\ iss\akvX Im alm
h{P I]mS`nXv
]qhw _oPbpXw hnZym hymJymXm
bm {X Zpe`m
38. Xkymx jUmwKw IqhoX XbmjSv
kzc`nbm
IpcymtZhw Ic\ymkw khknym
Zn tlXth
39. iss\tchw {]Ihy a`ymkn bK]mln
bpK]Xv htX bky icocw
hnebw {]tPXv
40. Xkva mXv iss\x iss\ Imcy a`ymkw
ap ]pKh
bZm N_mly amtW Pnlzm {__new
{htPXv
41. XZm {_mKP {_ Zpt`Zyw
{Xn Z ssic]n.
AwKpeyt{KW kwLrjy Pnlzmam{Xw
\nthitbXv

I ]noSv \mns Aw XpWnsImv Npn kmh
[m\w tZml\w sNWw. AXmbXv shfnbntebvv hen
Ww. Cs\ Bdpamkw A`yknm \mv hfv
{`qa[yw hsc FpIbpw ]miz`mKfn sNhnhsc
FpIbpw sNpp. shfnbn XmSnhsc Fpw.
Cs\ \nccm`ymkm aqmw sImw \mv
XeapSnhscbpw ]mizn tXmhscbpw Fpp.
Xmsg IWvT Iq]w hscbpw ]noSv aqp hjs
A`ymkw sImv {_c{w hscbpw Fn. AXns\
BhcWw sNpp. AXn kwibnm\n. ]ns
AXv Igpn\v ]pdIp hscbpw Xmsg IWvTmyw
hscbpw Fpw. Cs\ {ItaW \mv {_ c{s
t`Znpp. Cu kakvX _oPmc hnZy hn[nt]mse
A`yknpI hfsc {]bmkamWv. apIfn sImSp
Bdp _oPmc sImv jUw K\ymkhw Ic\ym
khpw sNWw. AsXmsS kq knn hcpw. {i
tbmsS sNtXmWv. A{itbmsS sNbvXm lm\n
bmWv ^ew. Cu A`ymkn Hpw [rXn ImcpXv.
_mlyamn IqSn \mv {__nen {]th
inm XpSptm AXns\ hnc sImv ]nSnv
AXns Dnemmw.
42. Ghw hj{Xbw IrXzm {_Zzmcw
{]hniyXn
{_ Zzmtc {]hnjvt S Xp kayIv
aY\amNtcXv
43. aYt\\ hn\m tINnXv km[bn hn]nXx
tJNco a{ knky knytX aY\w hn\m
44. P]w N aY\w ssNh IrXzm io{Lw ^ew
`thXv
kz Pmw cu]y Pmw hm]n temlPmw
45. \ntbmPy \mkoImc{w ZpKv[
knt\ Xp\m
{]mWm \ncp[y lrZtb kpJam
kuam\x
46. iss\x kpaY\mw IpcymXv {`qat[y\yky
Npjo
j amkaY\m hkv{Xm `mthss\h
{]PmbtX
47. bYm kpjp]vX n _mem\mw
bYm`mhkvXYm `thXv
\ kZmaY\w ikvXw amtk amtk
kamNtcXv
48. kZm ck\bm tbmKo amw
\ ]cnkw{ItaXv
Ghw ZzmZi hjmt kwknn `hXn
{[phw
N P
724
49. icotc kIew hnizw ]iyXym m hnt`ZXx K
{_mWvtUm bw almamt cmPZtm [z
IpWvUeo. CXn.
Cu hn[n aqp sImw sNbvXm \mv
{_c_nen Fpw AtXmsS hn[n]qw AXns
aY\w Bcw`nWw. Nne aY\w IqSmsX taJco hnZy
sNpp. tJNco a{ knn ssIhnphv C
s\ sNmw. P]c aY\w cpw sNbvXm ^ew thKw
Inpw. a\n\v kznstbm shnbpsStbm
Ccpnstbm In A{K`mKv ]mepsImp \\
\q sIn AXns\ aqn\pn CSWw. ]ns
{]mWs\ lrZbn \ntcm[nv kpJmk\n
IpI ]pcnIn m]nv kmh[m\w aY\w sN-
Ww. Bdp amkw Cs\ aY\w sNbvXm ^ew Ip
XpSpw. Atm AXns Ah Ddp amIpw.
a\w \nXyhpw th. amkn Hcp XhW aXn.
As\ \mv IqsSqsS {_ c{n {]thin
pIbpw AcpXv. ]{v sIms A`ymkm
knn ssIhcpw. AtXmsS tbmKn kIe hnizhpw Xs
Dn Ip XpSpw. ImcWw, \mv {_ c{w
hsc t]mIp amnemWv {_mWvUw nXn
sNpsXv ]dbsSpp.
aqmw A[ymbw
1. taf\a\p {low `w kw ]w ^w kw w
]ZvaP D]mN
Aamhmkym N {]Xn]Zv ]u amko
N ic Akym Im hWytX kwm
GXZmJym ln XXzXx
2. {]Xn]n\tXm Imte Aam hmky
XssY h N
]uW amkymw ncoIpcymZv k N
]m ln \m\yYm
Imta\ hnjbm Imwo hnjbmXv
ImatamlnXmx
Zzmthh kwXytPnXyw \ncRvP\
ap]m{itbXv
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 725

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11. Xkva n ZrjvtS almtbmtK bmXm
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16. {][m\m {]mW hmlnt\ym
`qbkvXmkp ZikvarXmx I
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N XrXobKm
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bikzn\n
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tbmKn `nx kZm
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hma Npjo I
ZntW lkvXn Pnlzm N ]qjm It
N ZntW
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I ]qjm, bikzn\n, Aew_pk, Iplp, iwJn\n ChbmWv
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k tbmKhnXv
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P]Xn khZm
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khZm
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tam{]Zhpw kev] m Xs ]m]hntamNI
hpamWv. CXn\p Xpeyambn Hpan. IpWvUen\nbn
\np kapZv`qXamb Cu Kmb{Xn {]mWhnZybpw almhn
ZybpamWv. CXcnbph thZ\s{X.
36. Itmt[z IpWv Ueoin cjvS[m
IpWvU emIrXnx I
{_Zzmc apJw \nXyw aptJ\mZy XnjvTXn.
37. tb\ ZzmtcW Khpw {_Zzmca\mabw I
aptJ\mmZy XZvZzmcw {]kvX pX ]ctaizco
38. {]_pm hntbmtK\ a\km acpXm
kl I
kpNohZv Km{XamZmb {hPXyqyw
kpjpav\bm
39. DZvL mStbXv IhmSw Xp bYm
IpnIbm Krlw I
IpWv Uen\ym XYm tbmKo tamZzmcw
{]t`ZtbXv
40. IrXzm kw]pSnXu Icu ZrVXcw _[zmYp
]Zvamk\w KmVw hkn kn[mb Npw_pIw
[ym\w N XtjvSnXw hmcw hmca]m\ aq[za
\new t{]mmtbXv ]qcnXw ]p {]mWap
ss]Xn t_m[aXpew in {]`mhmcx
Ins apIfn IpWvUnen\o imn AjvS
IpWvUen\o imn AjvSIpWvUefn hy]cnv
AhnsSs {_s BhcWw sNbvXv kZm nXn
sNpp. GsXmcp {_c{n IqSnbmtWm
{]bmkw hn\m t]mtIn hcpXv Bc{w. apJw
sImp adv kZm Cu ]ctaizco in kpjp]vXnbn
Bncnpp. AXv hn tbmKn DWv a\pw 47. A]m\{]mWtbmsscIyw
{]mW\psamw kpjp]v\bn IqSn kqNn t]mse
apIfntev t]mIpp. Xmtm sImv hmXn
XpdpXpt]mse tbmKn IpWvUen\o iym
tamIhmSw t`ZnWw. cp ssIIsfbpw kwLSn
Xamn ZrVambn ]Zvamk\nencpv XmSn s\tmSv
tNv {_ [y\tSv hopw hopw hmbp apIfn
tev henpIbpw ]ns shfnbntev hnSpIbpw
thWw. Cs\ sNbvXm a\pjy hntijm Hcp
in A\p`hsSpXmWv.
41. AwK\mw a\w IrXym{iakwPmX
hmcnWm I
ISzehW XyKn oct`mP\amNtcXv
42. {_Nmco anXlmco tbmKo tbmK
]cnbmWx I
N P
730
A_vZ mZp[zw `thXvkntm \m{X K
Imcym hnNmcWm
43. kpkv \nKv[ a[pcmlmcXpmwi
hnhPnXx
`pRvPtX inhkw{]oXym anXmlmco
k DNytX
44. Itmt[z IpWv Ueo incjvS[m
IpWv U emIrXn I
_\mb N aqVm\mw tbmKn\mw tam
Zm kZm
45. almap{Zmw \t`map{Zmw HmUymWw N
Pecw I
aqe_w N tbm thn k tbmKo
apn `mP\w
A`ymkm hnbpmbm AwK anv
Ibv]v, ]pfn, Dv, Fnh Ie Blmc km[\apt]
n ocmw `nWw. {_Nmcnbpw anXmlm
cnbpw tbmK]cmbW\pamb tbmKn Hcp hjn\Iw
Xs knn {]m]npw FXn kwiban. kv\nKv[
a[pcamb Blmcw IgnWw. hbdns \mensemcp
`mKw HgnnSWw. inh {]oXntbmsS Blmcw Ignp
hs\ anXmlmcnsbv ]dbpp. IcpnsapIfnepff
AjvSIpWvUe klnXamb IWvUen\o in aqV
mv _\{]Zhpw tbmKnIv tam {]Zhpam
Ip Xt]map{Z, DUymWw, Pe[c_w,aqe_w
Fnh Adnbp tbmKn apnv Al\mWv.
46. ]mjWnLmtX\ kw]oUy tbm\n
amIptbXv ZrVw I
A]m\aq[zmamIrjy aqe_tm
ho[obtX
bmq{X]qcojtbmx I
bphm `hXn hrtm f kXXw aqe
_\mXv
48. HUymWw IcptX bkvamZhn{imw
almJK I
HmnbmWw XtZhkym arXyp
amXwKtIkco
49. DZcmXv ]naw XmW at[m\mt`
\nKZytX I
HmUyWapZtc _kvX{X _tm
hn[obtX
50. _[v\ mXn ln intcmPmXat[mKman
\t`mPew I

I XtXm Pmetcm _x IWvT
ZpxJu L\mi\x
inbn DqnsIman tbm\n m\w ZrV
ambn ktmNnnv A]m\hmbphns\ apIfntebvmI
jnm AXv aqe_amWv. Cu {Inbbm {]mW]m\
hmbp HmbnocpIbpw aeaq{X IpdbpIbpw
sNpp. Cu aqe_w A`yknp hyn hr
\msWnepw bphmhmbnocpp. arXyphmIp B\
bvv knwlw t]msebmWv DUymbWm`ymkw. DZcn
\nv \m`np Xmtgmv \op ]w AXv ]nbXm\
amWv. Dnbm\_hw DZcn Xs sNWw.
At[m{ianbmb \`ehpw PeXXzhpw incn
Xs ncambn shm Pec_ambn. CXv ZpxJ
timZn\miIamWv.
51. Pmetc IrtX _t IWvT ktmN
etW I
\ ]obqjw ]XXyu X N hmbp {][mhXn
52. I]meIpltc Pnlzm {]hnjvSm
hn]coXKm I
tiNco {ZpthmcKXm ZrjvSnap{Zm `hXn
53. \ tcmtKm acWw Xky \ \n{Zm a p
[m Xrjm I
\ N aqOm `thky tbm ap{Zmw
thn tJNcnw
54. ]oUntX \ NtcmtKW en]ytX \
k I`nx I
_[ytX \ N tI\m]n tbm ap{Zmw
thn tJNcnw
55. Nnw NcXn tJ bkva mnlzm NcXn
tJ bXx
tXt\bw tJNco ap{Zm khkn
\akvI rXm
Pm\c _w sNptm IWvTw ktmNnn-
pXn\m AarXw Anbn ]Xnpn. hmbp
Nenpn. \mv hn]coXamn I]meIplcn
{]thinnpIbpw cp ]pcnIpw at[y ZrjvSn
DdnpIbpw sNbvXm AXv tJNco ap{ZbmWv. AXp
sNbvXm tcmKtam, acWtam, hnitm, Zmltam Dm
In. tJNcoap{Z A`yknnpffh\v t_m[tSn;
tcmKnbmIn. AXv Adnh\v {]Xn_ Dm
In. AXns km[\bm Nnhpw Pnlzhpw BIm
in kcnpp; knmcpw B ap{Zsb \akv
cnpp.
56. _npaqe icocmWn inckvX{X
{]XnjvTnXmx I
N P
731
`mhbo icocmWn B ]mZXe akvXIw K
57. tJNcy ap{ZnXw tb\ hnhcw
ew_n tImzXx I
\ Xky obtX _npx Iman\ymenwKn
Xky N
58. bmhXv _np ntXm tZtl XmhpXyp `bw
IpXx bmhXv _m \t`m ap{Zm XmhXv
_np\ KXn
59. PzentXm f ]n bYm _npx kw{]m]vX
lpXmi\w
{hPXyp [zmwKXx iym \ncptm
tbm\n ap{Ztbm
60. k]q\ hnhnt[m _npx ]mWv Utcm
temlnkvX Ym
]mWvU cw ipanXymlq temln
XmJymw Pyw almcPx
]mZw apX incphscbpff khmwKsfbpw
t]mjnnp kncpIsmw B[mcw _nphmWv.
tJNcnap{Zbm \mn\p apIfn I]me Iplcw _n
phs hocyw \jvSsSpn. kv{XobpsS BenwK\
mepw \jvSsSn. tZln hocyapffnStmfw
Imew arXyp `bw th. tJNcn ap{Zm _ambncnpnS
tmfw Imew _np (hocyw) \jvSsSn. _np
\nKanp AnXXzs {]m]nmepw tbm\nap{Zbm
AXv XSp \ndpn Du[zKmanbmmhpXmWv.
_np cp hn[apv. Hp shfpXv, atXv NpaXv.
shfp\ndapffXns t]cv ipsapw Npa \ndap
XntXv almcPv FpamWv.
61. knqc {hmXkmiwchnm\nXw cPx
iinm\nXw ipw XtbmsscIyw
kpZpe`m
62. _npx {_m cPx inx _ncnp cmtPm
chnx D`tbmxk kwKamtZh {]m]ytX
]caw ]Zw.
63. hmbp\m inthtK\ t{]cnXw N bYm cPx
bmXn _npx kssZhXzw `thZv
Znhyh]pkv XZm
64. ipw Nt{W kwbpw cPx kqtcyW
kwKXw I
Xtbmx kacsskIXzw tbm Pm\mXn
ktbmKhnXv
65. tim[\w \mUoPmeky Nme\w
N{kqcytbmx I
ckm\mw timjWw ssNh almap{Z`obtX.
knqcw t]mse {]Iminp chnm\amWv cP
ns m\w. ipns m\w N{\mWv cns

I bpw kwtbmKw ITn\amWv. _np {_mhpw cPv
inbpa{X. _np N{\pw cPv kqcy\pamWv. cn
sbpw kwKam ]ca{]m]vXn ssIhcpw. hmbp\oX
amb cPv _nphpambn kwtbmPnv Hmbnocp
tm tZlw Znhyambn `hnpp. ipw N{t\mSpw
cPv kqcyt\mSpw tNncnpp. ChcpsS sFIyw
Adnbph\mWv tbmKhnv C\n \mUo Pmetim-
[\bpw N{kqcymcpsS Ne\w cktimjWw Ch
kw`hnp almap{Zsbn ]dbpp.
66. h t m \ y k y l \ p x {] ] oU y k p N nc w
tbm\nw N hmamw{LnWm lkvXm`ymk\p[mcb
{]kcnXw ]mZw XYmZnWw. B]pcy izkt\\
InbpKfw _zm iss\x tcNtb GXZv hym[n
hn\min\n kyalXo ap{Zm \rWmw t{]mNytX.
XmSn s\tmSp tNp shv CSXpImep sImv
tbm\nm\s hfsc t\cw Aan sh heXp
Im t\sc \on cp ssII sImpw ]nSnWw.
]ns Ccp ]mizfnepw izmkw \ndv kmh[m\w
tcNIw sNWw. CXv alpw khtcmKfpw AIp
Xpamb almap{ZbmWv.
67. N{mwti\ ka`yky kqcymwti\m`y
tkXv ]p\x I
bm XpeymXp `thXv kwJym XtXm ap{Zmw
hnk PtbXv
68. \ln]Yya]Yyw hm ckm kth]n
\ockmx I
AXnapw hnjw tLmcw ]obpj
anh PocytX
69. b IpjvT KpZm h KpevamPo
]ptcmKamx I
Xky tcmKmx bw bmn almap{Zmw Xptbm f
`ytkXv
70. IYnXm f bw almap{Zm
almknmIn\rWmw I
tKm]\obm {]bXvt\\ \ tZbm
bkyIkyNnXv
BZyw CSs \mkmc{n IqSn A`ykn
Ww. ]ns hes \mkmc{n IqSn. cns
bpwkwJy XpeyamIptm A`ymkw \ndpmw. CXp
ap{ZbpsS {]`mhm GXp Xcw `Whpw lrZyambn
ocpp. Xo{hhnjhpw AarXw t]mse Zlnpw. bw,
IpjvTw, `Kcw, Kpeam, APow F ktcmK
fpw alm ap{ZbpsS A`ymkw sImv ianpp.
almknn {]Zm\w sNp Cu almap{Zsbn tKm]y
ambn shWw. In Ihv ]dp sImSp
cpXv.
N P
732
71. ]mk\w kamcply kaImbintcm[cx K
\mkm{KZrjv SntcImt P]tZmwImahybw
GIm ev ]mk\nencpv \nh
ncpv icochpw incpw t\scbmn. \mknIm{Kn
ZrjvSn Ddnv Ahybamb HmlvImcw P]nWw.
72. Hmw \nXyw, ipw, _pw, \nhnIev ] w,
\ncRv P \w, \ncmJymXw, A\mZn\n[\taIw
Xpcobw bZv `qXw `hZv. `hnjyXv ]cnham\w
khZm A\hnw ]cw{_w Xkva mmXm
]cminx kzbw tPymXncmnIm Atcm]x
AZv`ym ]rYnhn. tXjmw ]`qXm\mw ]Xbx ]
kZminthizccp{Z hnjv W p {_mWtXn.
tXjmw {_hnjv W p cp{ZmmNv ]nn
Xneb Imc cmPtkm {_m kmXzntIm
hnjvW p kvX matkm cp{Z CXn. GtX {Xtbm
KpWbpmx {_mtZhm\mw {]Yax kw_`qhx
[mXm N krjvSu hnjvW p nXu cp{Z
\mtit`mKmb N{x {]YaPmx _`qhpwx GtXjmw
{_mtWm temIm tZhXncyv \c mhcm
Pmbt I tXjmw a\pjymZo\mw ]`qXka
hmbx icocw I m\hnjssb. {]mWmZn]
hbbpw at\ m_n n N nl mss cx qe
Iev] nssX tkm f ]n qe{]IrXncnXypNtX.
m\ I t{ ns s b m\ h nj s s b
{]mWmZn ]hmbp at\m _pn`n kqva
t f ]n enwKtath Xyp NytX. KptWm{Xb
bpw ImcWw kthjmtahw {XoWnicocmWn
hnt. P{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXnXpcotXy
hmX{kxk Xmkma akvYmama[n ]Xb
Xzmcx ]pcpjmx hnizssXPk{]mmtXn.
hntizmln qe `qv \nXyw ssXPkx {]-
hnhn `pIv B\ `pIv XYm {]mx kh
kmoXyXx ]cx
\nXyhpw, iphpw, _phpw, \nhnImhpw,
\nRvP\hpw, \malnXhpw, A\mZnbpw, arXypkzcq]hpw,
GIhpw, Xpcob\pw, `qX`hnjy ham\ Imefnepw
Ahnncq]\pw Bb ]{_n \npw kzbw
tPymXn cq]nWnbmb ]cminbpmbn. Bmhn
\nv BImiw Dmbn. BImin \nv hmbp;
hmbphn \nv An; Anbn \nv Pew, Pen
\nv ]rYzn. Cu ]`qXfpsS \mYm kZminh\pw
Cuizc\pw cp{Z\pw hnjvWphpw {_mhpamWv. {_mhv
krjvSn ImhmWv. hnjvWp kwcI; cp{Z {]fb
Imhv; {_mhv ctPmKpWbp\mWv;hnjvWp kXz
KpWbp; cp{Z Xtam KpWbp, {_mhv
tZhmcn {]Ya\mbn P\np. krjvSnm {_mhpw,
cnm hnjvWphpw, kwlcnm cp{Z\pw, t`mK

I p N{\pw B Zyambn D hnp. C hcn
{_mhn \np temIhpw, tZhmcpw, XzncypIfpw,
a\pjycpw, mhcfpw Dhnpp. a\pjy icocw
]`qXfpsS kwtbmKmepmIpp. mt\
{ob, It{nb, m\w, hnjbw {]mWmZn
]hmbp a\v , _pn, Nnw, Almcw
Chsbmw pe cq]n kev]nXfmWv. Cu
icochpw qe {]IrXnbptSXmWv. mt\{nbfpw
It{nbfpw m\hpw hnjbhpw ]hmbpfpw
a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw Chsbmw qe cq]-
n kev]nXfmWv. Cu icochpw qe {]IrXn-
bptSXmWv. mt\{nbfpw, It{nbfpw
m\hpw, hnjbhpw, ]hmbpfpw a\v, _pn
Fnhbpw kqva cq]nenwK Fp ]dbpp.
ImcWw {XnKpWmIamWv. Ghpw aqp icocapv.
Pm{KX, kz]v\ w, kpjp]vXn,Xpcobw Fv \mev Ah
Ifpw Dv. Ahbvsmw A[n]Xnbmbn hnizw,
ssXPkw, {]mw, Bmhv Chbn \mep ]pcpj
mpv.qens t`mmhv hnizhpw GImn
tXv ssXPkhpw B\ntXv {]mhpw BWv.
]c khn\pw kmn cq]amWv.
73. {]WXx khXmXnjvtTXv kh Pothjp
t`mKXmx
A`ncmap khmky hyhmkp
lyt[mapJx
74. BImc DImtcm aImctXn {Xtbm hm
kv{Xtbm tZhm kv{Xtbm KpWm kv{Xo\ym
cmWn Ghw {]Whx {]ImitX {Xbx BImtcm
P m{K X n t\ t {X h t X k h P p j p
kzcmDImc IWv T Xx kz]v t \ aI mtcmlrZn
kp]vXnXmx
75. hncmUv h nizx qeImc lncWy K`
sskXPkx kpva DImcx ImcW hymIrXx
{]m aImcx BImtcm cmPmtkm ctm
{_m tNX\ DytX. DImc kmXznIx iptm
hnjvWpcoXym`n[n btX.
kh PohPmefpsSbpw t`mKImev {]Whw
`ncq]n hknpp. AXv Fm AhkvYbnepw
A t[mpJambn A`ncanpp. AImcw DImcw aImcw
ap pw ap ph fpw aqp thZ fpw a pp
temIfpw app KpWfpw appAcfpw
appkzcfpw Fmw {]Whw aptJ\ {]Iminpp.
Fmnepw Pm{KZmhbn AImcw t\{Xfn
hknpp. kz]v\mhbn DImcw IWvTnepw
kpjp]vXmhbn aImcw lrZbnepw hkn
pp. BImcw qehpw hncmpw hnizhpamWv. DImcw
N P
733
lncWyK`hpw, ssXPkhpw, kqv a hpw, aImcw K
ImcWhpw, AhymIrXhpw {]mhpamIpp. AImcw
cmPkw, chw {_mhv Fns\ ]dbsSpp.
DImcw kmXznIw iphw hnjvW p Fpw aImcw
Xmakw IrjvWhw cp{Z Fo \mafmepw ]db
sSpp.
76. aImckvXakxIrjvtWm cp{ZtXn
XtYmNytX I
{]WhmXv {]`thm {_m {]WhmXv
{]`thm lcnx
77. {]WhmXv {]`thm cp{Zmx{]Wthm ln
]tcm `thXv
BImtc eobtX{_ DImtc enbtX lcnx
78. aImtc enbtX cp{Zmx {]Wthm ln
{]ImitX I
m\n\m aq[ztKm `qbm Zm t\kym
Zt[mapJx
79. Ghw ssh {]WhkvXn jvtTZykvXyw thZk
thZhnXv I
A\mlX kzcqt]W PmRm\n\
aq[ztKm `hXv.
80. ssXe [mcmamhnNvOnw ZoLL
\n\mZhXv I
{]Whky [z\n kvssXhkvX `{K,
{_ tNmNytX:
{]Whn \npamWv {_mhv, hnjvWp, cp{Z
Fo aqp aqnIfpw DmbXv. {]Whw XsbmWv
]cmXXzw {_mhv AImcnepw hnjvWp DImcnepw
cp{Z aImcnepw hnebw {]m]npp.{]Whw am{X
amWv ncw. AXv m\nIfn Du[zapJambpw
Am\nIfn At[mapJambpw nXnsNpp.
{]Whw am{Xta ncambnsmffq. AXns\ Adnbp
h\mWv thZhnv AXv A\mlX cq]n PvR m\n
Ifn Du[zKXnbmbncnp {]Whns A\ml-
X [z\n Ahnn ssXe[mct]msebpw ZoL Lm
\mZw t]msebpw `hnpp. A{K`mKw XsbmWv {_
sap ]dbpXv.
81. tPymXna abw XZ{Kw kzmZhmNyw
_pn kqva Xmx I
`Zrqtcy almmt\m bkvX thZ
kthZ hnXv.
82. Pm{Kt{X Zztbm at[y lwk
Gh {]ImitX I
kImcx tJNco t{]mkvXw]Zw
tNXn \nnXw.

I 83. lImx ]ctaix kzmXv ]Zw tNXn
\nnXw I
kImtcm [zbtX Pp lImtcm ln
`thZv {Zphw.
84. C{nssb h[ytX Poh Bm ssNh
\ _[ytX I
aaXzt\ `thm othm \natXz\ tIhex
85. `q`qhx kzcnta temIm tkmam
kqcymn tZhXmx
bky am{Xmkp XmjvTn XXv]cw
tPymXntcmanXn.
A{K`mKamb {_w tPymXn abhpw AhmNyhp
amWv. almm AXns\ kqva _pnbn ImWpp.
AXdnbphm\mWv thZhnv. Pm{KZmhbn cp
t\{XfpsSbpw at[y lwkw {]Iminpp. AXnse
kImcw tJNcocp]amIpp. lImcw ]ctaizcs ]Z
amWv. kImcs [ym\np Poh \nbambpw
lImccq]amb Cuizc\mbnocpp. C{nb
Pohs\ _ns]Sppp. Ahv
Bmhns\ _nm Ignhn. aaX \nanw
Poh Pohnpp. aaX \jvSsm ssIheykzcq]
ambn `qtemIw `qhtemIw, kztemIw, N{, kqcy,
An, BZnthm Fmw ]catPymXnkzcq]amb Hmwm
cam{XIfn XsbmWv \nesImffpXv.
86. Cm {Inbm XYm m\w {_mo cu{Zo N I
sshjvWho {Xn[mam{XnXn b{X
XXv] cw tPymXn tcmanXn
87. hNkmXt]nXyw h]pjm XXv
ka`ytkXv I
a\km Xt]nXyw XXv]cw tPymXn
tcmanXn
88. ipNn hm]yipNn hm]n tbm Pt]Xv
{]Whw kZm I
k \ en]yXn ]mt]\ ] ]{Xahmw `km
89. Nte hmtX Ntem _nq \nte \ntem
`thXv tbmKo mWp Xzam]v t \mXn XtXm
hmbpw \ncptbXv.
90. bm]Zv hmbpxntX tZtl Xm] othm
\apXn I
acWw Xky \njv{Imn kvXtXm hmbpw
\ncptbXv
Cmin, m\in, {Inbmin Fo
aqpw {_o cu{Zo sshjvWho Fo aqpam{XIfpw
]catPymXn cq]amb Hmwmcn nXn sNpp.
AXns\ hmpsImv kZm P]npIbpw icocw
N P
734
sIm`yknpIbpw a\psImv P]npIbpw thWw.
K
AXp Xs ]catPymXnkzcq]amb Hmwmcw. ipmh
bnembmepw Aipmhbnembmepw Hmwmc\ncX-
\mbh ]m]ap\mIpp. Xmacbnse Pens
AhbmWh\v hmbp Nenm _np Nenpp.
\neamIptm \neamIpp. _np ncXbm
emW v tbmKn \ne\mIpXv. AXn\m hmbphns\
\ntcm[nWw. tZln hmbp DffnStmfw Imew
Poh\v AXns\ Dt]nms\mn. hmbphns
_lnKa\w Xs acWw. AXn\m hmbphns\ \ntcm
[ntXpv.
91. bmhXv _tm acpXv tZtl XmhXv
Pothm \apXn I
bmhXv ZrjvSn {`pthm a[ym
XmhXvIme`bw IpXx
92. Aev] Ime `bmXv {_ {]mWmbma
]tcm `thXv I
tbmKnt\m ap\b ssh XXx {]mWmn
tcm[tbXv
93. jUv hniZwKpen lwkx {]bmWm
IpcptX _lnx I
hma ZnW amtW {]mWm bmtam
hn[obtX
94. ipn taXn bZm khw \mUoN{Iw
aemIpew I
XssZhPmbtX tbmKo {]mW
kw{KlW ax
95. _ ]mkt\m tbmKo {]mWw
Nt{W ]qctbXv I
[mctbZzm bYm iym `pbxkqtcyW
tcNtbXv.
hmbp tZln nambncnpnStmfw Poh\v
tamN\an. cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw at[y ZrjvSn nc
ambncnpnStmfw Fn\v `bsSWw? Ime\n
\nv ct\Sm {_mhpw {]mWmbman apgpIp
p. AXn\m tbmKnacpw ap\namcpw {]mW\ntcm[w
A`yknWw.lmkw AXmbXv izmkw Ccp]n Bdv
AwKpew _lnKanpp. CSXpw heXpw amn
eqsS {]mWmbmaw sNWw. \mUo N{Iw kIe amen\y
fn apamIptm {]mW\ntcm[\ kaamIpp.
tbmKn ]m\\mbn CSs \mknImc{n-
eqsS hmbp Dffn henXn\ptijw AXns\ bYm
iIvXn DffnXs XSp \ndpn he \mknIm
c{n IqSn shfnbntev hnSWw.

I 96. AartXmZ[n kmiw tKmoc[htfm
]aw I
[ymXzm N{akmw _nw_w {]mWmbmta
kpJo `thXv
97. kv^pcXv {]Pme kwPmem ]qPymamZnXy
aWvU ew I
[ymXzm lyZn nXw tbmKo
{]mWmbmta kpJn `thXv
98. {]mWw tN Zn X bm ]nt_nb anXw
`qtb \yYm tcNtbXv I
]oXzm ]nwKfbm kaocWatYm
_zm XytPZv hmtatbmx I
kqcyN{ akmct\\ hn[n\m _np
Zzbw [ymbtXx I
ipm \mUnKWm `hnbant hmk
Zzbm Zq[zx
99. btYjvS [mcWw hmtbmc\eky
{]Zo]\w I
\mZm`n hyncmtcmKyw PmbtX \mUn
tim[\mXv
100. {]mtWm tZlntXm bmhZv ]m\w Xp I
\ncptbXv GI izmkabo am{Xm
Du[zt[m Kat\ KXn.
]mS t]msebpw ]iphn ]mep t]msebpw
shfp N{_nw_w [ym\npsImv {]mWmbmaw sN
Ww. AXn\ptijw Pzenp Pzmebvsw lyZb
nX\mb kqcys\ [ym\nv {]mWmbmaw sNWw.
BZyw CUbn izmksaSpp ]nwKfbn IqSn tcNIw
sNbvXv ]nwKfbneqsS izknv CUbn IqSn ]pd
tp hnSWw. Cs\ kqcyN{ _npsf [ym\nv
A`yknm cp amkn\pffn Xs \mUnI
ipamIpw. hmbphns btYjvS{]thiw, PTcmnZo]\w
\mZ {ihWw BtcmKyw Ch \mUntim[\sImv km[y-
amIpp. tZln {]mWhmbp \ne\npnStmfw
A]m\s\ \ntcm[nWw. GImizmkbpamb am{X
lyZbmImin apIfnepw Xmsgbpw hpw t]mbpancn-
ppv.
101. tcNIx ]qcI ss h Iqw`Ix
{]mWhmXIx I
{]mWmbmtam `thtZhw am{Xm ZzmZikwbpXx
102. am{Xm ZzmZi kwbpu, ZnhmImc \nimIcu
tZmj Pmea_w\ u mXhyu
tbmKn`nx kZm
N P
735
103. ]qcIw ZzmZiw IqcymXv Ipw`Iw tjmUjx K
`thXv
tcNIw ZitNmw Imcx {]mWmbmax
k DNytX
104. {][ta ZzmZimam{Xm a[yta ZznKpWm aXm I
Dta {XnKpWm t{]mm {]mWm
bmaky \nbx
105. A[ta tkzZP\\w Itm `hXn
a[yta Dta I
m\a]vt\mXn XtXm hmbpw \ncptbXv
tcNIw, ]qcIw, Ipw`Iw Ch {]mW kzcq]fmWv.
{]mWmbmaw ZzmZi am{Xbn sNWw. ]{p am{XI-
tfmSpIqSnb kqcyN{mcpsS Cu {]mWmbmaw, kakvX
tZmjfpw \innpXmWv. ZzmZi am{Xmbpamb
]qcIw, sNbvXnv ]Xn\mdp am{XItfmSp IqSnb Ipw`Iw
sNWw. CXns\ Hmm {]mWmbmasav ]dbpp.
ZzmZiam{Xmbpamb {]mWmbmaw eLphpw CXns
CnbpffXv a[yahpw aqnnbpffXv DahpamIpp.
eLphmb {]mWmbman hndbepmIpw. Da
{]mWmbman CcnnSn \nv s]mppthm
Fp tXmepmIpp. Cs\ hmbphns\ \ntcm-
[ntXpv.
106. _]Zvam kt\m tbmKo \akvIrXy
Kpcpw inhw I
\mkm{K Zrjv SntbImIo {]mWmbmaw
ka`ytkXv.
107. ZzmcmWmw \hkw\ncpy apXw _zm
ZrVm [mcWmw I
\oXzm Imea]mhn klnXw iym
kawNmenXw I
B[ym\bpX kvXzt\ \ hn[n\m hn\yky
aq[v\n ncw I
bmhnjvT Xn XmhtZh alXmw kwtKm\
kwkv XqbtX
108. {]mWmbmtam `thtZhw ]mXtI\
]mhI I
`thmZ[n almtkXp I t{]mNytX
tbmKn`n I kZm
109. Bkt\\ cpPw ln {]mWm bmta\
]mXIw I
hnImcw am\kw tbmKn {]XymlmtcW
apPv NXn.
110. [mcWm`n at\mss[cyw bmXn
ssNX\yaZv`pXw I
kamt[m tamam]vt\mXn Xzzm
I ip`mip`w.

I kam[\ tam am]vt\mXn Xyzm I ip`m`p`w
]mk\nencppsImv inh\mIp Kpcphns\
\akvIcnWw. ]ns \mknIm{KnZrjvSnbpdnv
GImInbmbn {]mWmbmaw sNWw. \hZzmcsfbpw
\ntcm[nv hmbp ASn ZrVambn in Nme\w sNbvXv
A]m\s\bpw An klnXw IpWvUen\nsbbpw apI
fntev sImpt]mbn B[ym\tmsS AXns\
incn \ndppI. F {X kabw AXv AhnsS
nambncnptm A{Xbpw \XmWv. Cs\bpff
{]mWmbmaw ]m]amIp hndIn\v Anbpw kwkm-
ckmKcXcWn\v tkXphpamWv. Bk\w sImv
tcmKm[nIfpw {]mWmbman ]m]hpw ianpp.
tbmKnbpsS am\knI hnImc {]Xymlmcm
ZqcoIrXamIpp.[mcW sImWASv at\mss[cyhpw
kam[nbm ApXmhlamb ssNX\yhpw DmIpp.
As\ tbmKn ip`mip` I hnapIvX\mbn tamw
hcnpp.
111. {]mWmbmaZznjSvtI\ {]Xymlmcx
{]IonXm I
{]XymlmcZznjSvtI\ PmbtX [mcWmip`m
112. [mcWm ZzmZi t{]mw [ym\w tbmK
hnimcss` I
[ym\ ZzmZ ktIss\h kam[n c`n PmbtX
113. bXv kam[u ]cw tPymXn c\w
hniztXm apJw I
Xkva n ZrjvtS {InbmI bmXm
bmtXm \hnZytX
114. kw_mk\ ta{UawLnbpKfw
Imn\mkm ]pS I
ZzmcmZywKpen`n \nbay]h\w ht{W
hm ]pcnXw I
_[zm hkn _lz]m\ klnXw
aq[v\n ncw I
[mctb tZh bmn hntij XXzkaXmw
tbmKoizc kvX\x
{]mWmbmahpw {]Xymlmchpw ]{p XhW
A`yknm ip`amb [mcWbpmIpw ]{p XhW
sNp [mcWsb [ym\w Fv ]dbpp. ]{p
[ym\w sImv kam[nssIhcpw kam[n ssIhm
]catPymXnns A\hniztXm apJ`mhm
{InbmImi KXmKXfn \nv tamN\w e`npp.
Bk\\mbn cp ImepIfpw ta{Um\p
tNp sNhn, Iv, aqv FnhbpsS Zzmc hncep-
I sImv_nv hmbphns\ hmbphn IqSn henv
Dffntev sImp t]mIWw. AXns\ A]m\\pambn
tbmPnnv s\n \ntcm[nWw. ]noSv incn
ocoIcnWw. Cs\ AXn tXPns\ ebnnv
N P
736
tbmKnI ka`mh\tbmsS hntijXXzw {]m]npp. K
115. KK\w ]ht\ {]m]vtX [z\n cpXv
]ZytX alm I
LmZo\mw {]mhmZymXmw \mZ
knocpZocnXmx
BImin ImSnptm almb [z\n
DmIpp. aWnbpsSbpw apw i_vZw tIsSpp.
AtXmsSmw \mZ knnbpw ssIhcpp.
116. {]mWmbmta\ bpt\ kh
tcmKtbm `thXv I
{]mWmbma hnbp`yx khtcmK
kapZv `hx
117. lnm ImkkvXYm izmk;incx
Imn thZ\mx I
`hn hnhn[mx tcmKmx ]h\ hyXyb{IamXvx
118. bYm knwtlm KtPm hym{Lx `thZv
hiyx iss\x I
iss\xXssYh tkhntXm hmbp \yYm
ln km[Iw
119. bpw bpw XytPXv hmbpw bpw bpw
{]]qctbXv I
bpw bpw {]_o bmtZhw
knnahm ]m\pbmXv
120. NcXmw NpcmZo\mw hnjtbjp
bYm{Iaw I
bXv {]XymcWw tXjmw {]Xymlmcxk
DNytX.
121. bYm XrXob Imte Xp chn{]XymltcXv
{]`mw I
XrXobmwKntXm tbmKn hnImcw am\kw
ltcXv CXyp]\njXv
kh tcmKfpw {]mWmbmam kpJsSpp.
{]mWmbma clnXambm kIe tcmKfpw ]nSns
Spp. Fn Npa, izmkw, sNhnthZ\, Ip thZ\
XpSnb tcmKp ImcWw hmbp hnImcamWv.
knwlw, B\, hym{Lyw XpSnb Ppsf kmh[m\w
sacpnbm himmw. AXpt]mse hmbphns\bpw
himmw.Asn AXv km[Is acW ImcW
amImw. hmbphns\ bpn]qhw \ntcm[nWw. F
m knn ssIhcpw. hnjb kpJ fntep
t]mIp NpcmZnIfmb C{nbsf XSppXmWv
{]Xymlmw. aqmw bman kqc y{]Imiw Ipdph
cpXp t]mse XrXoXmwK\mbn tbmKn at\mhnIm
csf \nb{nWw D]\njv DXvt_m[nnpp.
tbmKNqUmaWn D]\njv kam]np.
 737

I K
1tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n-jv
3

imn-]mTw n ]d-bmw. {i-tbmsS tIp-I. kh Pohn-Ifpw

Hmw. kl-\m-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-q. kl- amb -bpsS ambm-Pm-e -m _Zv[a - m-Wv. ambm-Pmew
hocyw Ic-hm-hs- sl. tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-a-kvXp. am XIv Ahv apn amw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\p-
hnZz-jm-h-ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx Xpw P Pcm-hym-[n-If- n \nsmw tamN\w Inm-\p-
-Xp-am-b-amw CXmWv''
]c-{_w Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn--
s. cp t]scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--s. R cp- 6. \m\m-amsskvXp Zpjv{]m]w
t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[y-b\w ssIheyw ]caw ]Zw
tXPn-kzn-bm-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw tZzjn-m-Xn-cn--s. ]XnXm imkv{X-Pm-tejp
Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
{]bm tX\ tamlnXm
1. tbmK-XXzw {]h-yman
7. A\nhmNyw ]Zw hpw
tbmKn\mw lnX Imaybm
\ iIyw XXv kpssc-c]n
brXzm N ]TnXzm N
kzm-{]-Imi cq]w XXv
kh ]mss] {]ap-NytX
Inw imkvt{XW {]Im-itX
2. hnjvWp \ma alm-tbmKo
8. \njvIew \new imw
alm-`qtXm alm X]mx
khm-XowX \ncm-abw
Xz-amt bYm-Zot]m
Xtah Poh-cp-t]W
ZriytX ]pcp-tjm-ax
]pWy ]m] ]ssehrXw
3. Xam-cm[y PK-mYw
9. ]c-am ]Zw \nXyw
{]Wn-]Xy ]nXm-alx
]{]-t- bm-K-XXzw ta XXv IYw Poh-Xmw-KXw kh-`m-h]
- Z- m-XoXw
{_pln NmjvSmwK kwbpXw m\-cq]w \nc-RvP\w
4. Xap-hmN lrjo-tItim 10. hmcn-hXv kv^pcnXw Xkvanw
hyman irWp XXzXx kvX{Xmlw IrXn-cp-nXm
kth Pohm kpssJ ZpxssJ ]m-I
- a
- -`qXv ]nWvUw
ambm Pmte\ thjvSnXmx [mXp _w KpWm-I
- w.
5. tXjmw apn-Icw amw ap amw B{i-bn-m ssIh-ey-am-Ip ]c-a-]Zw
ambm Pme \nIr-\w Inm {]bm-k-am-W.v hnhn[ imkv{X-a-X--en IpSpn
P-a rXyp Pcm-hym-[n m\n-I-fpsS _pn ]I-bvp-p. A\nh-N-\o-b-amb
B ]Zw tZh-mpw hn-m {]bmkw kzm-{]-
\mi\w arXyp Xmc-Iw.
Im-in-Xc
- q-]s imkv{X-s-s\ {]Im-in-n-m
Rm tbmKn-I-fpsS lnX- n-\p- thn tbmK-X- Xz-s- Ignbpw? \njvI-f-hpw \n-ehpw imhpw khm-Xo-
n ]d-bmw. AXp tIp- Itbm ]Tn-p- Itbm sNbvXm Xhpw \ncm-a-b-hp-amb XXzw Xs-bmWv Poh-cq-] - n
]m]-samw \in-pw. hnjvWp Xs-bmWv alm-tbmKn; ]pWym-]p-Wy-^-e-bp--am-bn-cn-p--Xv. \nXy\pw `mhm-
kh-`q-X
- -fp-sSbpw BZn-a-lm-`q-Xhpw alm X]-kznbpw
Xo-X\pw m\ kzcq-]nbpw ambm-c-ln-X-\p-amb B]-c-
Atlw Xs. B ]pcp-tjm- -a XXz-am-n Zo]w
am-m-hns ]Zw Pohn-Is-s\ e`nmw? AXn
t]mse {]Im-in-p-p. {_mhv PK-m- b-I-\mb hnjvWp-
sh-n-s\m kv^pc-Wa - p-mbn AXn Al-m-c-
hns\ Bcm-[nv \a-kvI-cnv Cs\ ]d-p. ""As-
ap-m-bn. ]ns ]-a-lm-`q-Xa - m-Ip [mXp-hn-\m _-
\nv AjvSmw-Kb - p-a
- mb tbmKw D]-tZ-inp XcWw''
amb KpWm-I ]nWvUw ]nd-p.
AXp-tIv lr-jn-tI-i ]dp ""Rm B XXz-s-

N P
 738

I 11. kpJ-ZpxssJ kam-bpw 19. tbmtKm ln _lp[m {_ K

Poh-` m-h-\-bm- Ipcp `nZytX hyh-lm-cXx
tb\ Pohm-`n[m t{]mm a{-tbmtKm eb-ssh
hnipssx ]c-am-\n ltTmku cmP-tbm-KXx
12. Ima-t{Im[ `bw Nm]n 20. Bcw-` LS-ssh
taml-tem` atZm cPx XYm ]cn-Nb- x kvarXx
P-a r-Xyp ImWyw \njv]-n-tXyhm N
timI-kvX{m p[m Xrjzm kh{X ]cn-IonXm
13. XrjvWm em `bw ZpxJw Am-\-m kwkm-chpw m\-m kwkm-
hnjmtZm lj Gh N c-hn-ap-nbpw `hn-p-p. BZy-ap-m-bXv m\-kz-cq-]-
G`ntZm-ssj hn\nap-xt# am- Wv. m\-m tbw ssIh-cp-p. GsXm- n-\m
Pohx k tIhtem aXx kzkz-cq-] - m\w e`n-p-p, AXp-Xs ssIh-ey-sa
14. Xkvam-tm-j-hn-\m-im ]c-a -]-Zhpw \njvIf- -\n-e-amb kn-Zm-\ kzcq]w
Dev]n nXn kwlm-c-, kv^pc-W - m\w Ch
ap]mbw IY-bman tX
ssIh-cp-p-p. AXp Xs bYm m\w. C\n
tbmK-lo\w IXw m\w tbmK-s-n ]d-bmw. {_, tbmK-n\v hyh-lm-c-
tamZw `hXn {[phw ZrjvSym ]e t`Z--fp-ap-v. a{-tbm-Kw, eb-tbm-Kw, lT-
15. tbmtKm ln m\-lo-\kvXp tbm-Kw, cmP-tbm-Kw. Cs\ tbmK-n\v \mev Ah--
\ tam. tam IWn I-fp-s-Xv {]kn- -am-Wv. Bcw`w LSw ]cn-Nbw
\njv]n Cs\ \mev Ah-I - -fp-ap-v.
XkvamXv m\w N tbmKw N
apap-pZr-V-a -`y-tkXv 21. GtXjmw eWw {_
kpJ ZpxJ-k-am-bp-\ - mbn Poh-`m-h-\t- bmsS AXv
hty irWp kam-kXx
sNp-I. hnip--amb ]c-am-m-hn Pohm-`n[w F t]cn- amXr-Im-`n-bpXw a{w
\m AXv Adn-b-s-Sp-p. Imaw, t{Im[w, `bw, tamlw, ZzmZ-im_vZw Xp tbm Pt]Xv
tem`w, aZw, ctPm-Kp-Ww, Pw arXyp ImWyw timIw 22. {ItaW e`tX m\w
X{, hni-v, Zmlw, XrjvW, e, `bw, ZpxJw, hnjm-
Zw, ljw Fo tZmj- -fn\nv hnap--am-bm Poh
AWn-a m-Zn-Kp-Wm-nXw
"tIhew' Fv Adn-b-s-Sp-p. tZmj- Zpco-I-cn-m- Aev]-_p-n-cnaw tbmKw
\p D]mbw Rm ]d-bmw. tbmK-hn-lo-\-amb m\w tkhtX km[-Im-[ax
Fs\ tam- {]-Z-am-bn- ocpw? m\-c-ln-X-amb tbmKw 23. eb-tbm-K-n--eb;
sImv tamw {]m]n-m km[y-a-. AXp-sImv apap-
p- m\hpw tbmKhpw A`y-kn-t--Xp-v.
tImSnix ]cn-IonXx
Kw-kvXn-jvT P] `pRvP
16. Am-\m-tZh kwkmtcm
[ymtb-n-jvI-e -ao-izcw
m\m-tZh hnap-NytX
24. k Gh eb-tbmKx kymXv
m\-kz-cq- ]t- a-hmZu
lT tbmK-aXx irWp
m\w tssb-I-km-[\w
17. mXw tb\ \nPw cq]w ba \nb-a-ssh
ssIheyw ]caw ]Zw Bk\w {]mW-kw-bax
\njvImew \new kmmXv 25. {]Xym-lmtcm [mcWm N
kn-Zm-\ cq]Iw [ym\w {`qa-[yta lcnw
18. Dev]-n-n-Xn-kw-lm-c kam[nx ka-Xm-hm
pn m\-hn-hPnXw kmjvSmwtKm tbmK DNytX
GXXv m\-anXn t{]m Npcpn Rm Ch-bpsS eWw ]d-bmw. am{X-
aY tbmKw {_hoan tX tbmSp tN a{w Bbn-cn Ccp-\qdp {]mhiyw P]n-

N P
 739

I p--h {ItaW AWna XpS-nb AjvssS-izcy 32. {]mWm-bmaw XXx-Ip-cymXv K

knnsb {]m]n-p-p. Fm Aev] _pn-I-fmWv ]m-k\ - K- Xx kzbw
A-s\-bp tbmKw sNp-Xv; Ah km[-Im-[-a - m-
kptim-`\w aTw IpcymXv
cm-W.v Nn-e-b-n\v tbmK-sav ]d-bp-p. AXv ]e-hn-
[- n-e p-a p-v . \S- p-t mgpw Ccn-p-tmgpw Dd-p-
kqva-Zzmcw Xp \n{h-Ww.
tmgpw Dp-tmgpw \njvI-f --\mb ]c-a m-m-h ns\ 33. kpjvSbp en]vXw tKma-tb\
[ym\n--Ww. An-s\-bm-bm AXv eb-tbm-K-am-Wv. C\n kp[bm hm {]b-Xv\Xmx
lT tbmKw baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w, {]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym- ap-ssW-i-s sIep-ssX
lm-cw, [mc-W, [ym\w, kam[n Fn-h-bmWv AjvSmw-K-
hPnXw N {]b-Xv\X
tbm-Kw.
34. Znt\ Znt\ N. krjvSw
26. alm-ap{Zm alm-_tm kP\ym hnti-jXx
alm-th[ tJNco hmknXw N kpK-t\
Pme Do-bm-\ [p]nXw KpevKp-em-Zn`nx
aqe-_-k - vX-ssYh N 35. \mXyp-{nXw \mXn-\oNw
27. ZoL {]W-h-k-m\w ssNem-P n-\-Ip-tim- cw
knm {ihWw ]cw Xt{Xm-]h - niy ta[mho
ht{Pmfo Nma-tcmfo N ]m-k\ ka-\znXx
kltPmfo {Xn[m aXm
Ima \oI-s\ temep-]X - sb arK-Xr-jvWs- bp
28. GtXjmw eWw {_ IcpXn _pn-am-\mb km[-I Ah ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww.
{]tXyIw irWp XXzXx ]m-k-\--\mbn {]mWm-bmaw A`y-kn--Ww. AXn\v
eLzm-lmtcm bta-tjzmtIm Hcp \ IpSocw sNdnb hmXn-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Zzmc-
-sfmpw Cm--Xp-ambn Xo-Ww. NmWIw sImv
aptJym `hXn t\Xcx
AXp sagp-Ip-I. ap, Nnen XpS-nb Pohn-I Cm-
29. Alnwkm \nb-ta-jzIm - X m-b n-cn- - W w. Znhkw Xqp hrn-b m- -W w.
apJym ssh NXp-cm-\\ KpKpep XpS-nb kpK-{- Z-hy--fm hmkn-X-am-p-
knx ]m XYm-knwlw `{Zw tNXn I. A[nIw heptXm sNdptXm Am hkv{Xw [cnp
NXp jvTbw amtm-entem Ipim-k-\-ntem Ccpv ]m-k\w ioen-
p-I.
30. {]Y-am-`y-kI - mte Xp
hnLv\m kypXp cm\\ 36. EPp-Imbx {]mRvP-en
Bekyw I\w [q tKmjvTo {]W-ta-ZnjvS tZhXmw
a{m-Zn-km-[\w XtXm ZnW lkvXky
alm-ap-{Z, alm-_-w, alm-th-[w, tJNco Pme-- AwKp-jvtS-ss\h ]nwKemw
c-_- w, Do-bm-\w, aqe-_-w, ZoL-{]-W-hkm\w, 37. \ncp[y ]pc-tbZv hmbp
]c-ak- n-m--{i-hW - w. ht{Pm-fn, Aa-tcm-fn, kl-tPm-fn, anU-bmXp iss\x iss\x
Fnh aqp-hn-[-n-ep ap{Z-I-fm-W.v {_ Ah-bn bYm-iy hntcm-t[\
Hmtcm- n-sbpw eWw ]d- bmw. ba--fn Aev]m-lmcw
XXx Ipcym Ipw`-Iw.
am{X-amWv apJyw. \nb-a--fn Alnw-kbpw {][m-\a - m-
Wv. A`ym-k-ns BZy-L- - n oWw BXva-{]- 38. ]p\-kvXy-tPXv ]nwK-ebm
iwk [q-k-m]w a{ km[\w apX-emb hnLv\ iss\-tch \ thKXx
Dm-Ipw. ]p\x ]nwK-fbm ]qcy
31. [mXp-kv{Xo-eu-ey-Im-Zo\n ]pc-tb-Zp-Zcw iss\x
arK-Xr-jvWm-a-bm\n ssh 39. [mc-bnXzm bYm-in
mXzm kp[o-kvXp-tPXv khm tcN-tb-Zn-Ubm iss\x
hnLv\m ]pWy-{]-`m-hXx b bmXy-tP-tbm ]qcy [mc-tb-Z-hn-tcm-[Xx

N P
 740

I 40. Pm\p-{]-Z-nWo IrXy 45. Pmbt tbmKnt\m tZtl K

\{ZpXw \ hnfw-_nXw Xm\n hymay tijXx
AwKp-en-kvt^m-S\w IpcymXv ico-c-eL
- pXm Zo]vXn
kmam{X ]cn-Ko-btX PT-cmn hnh\w
\nhn-cpv ssIIqn CjvS-tZ-hs\ \a-kvI-cnv 46. IriXzw N ico-cky
heXp ssIsImv ]nwK-f sb Aan kmh-[m\w XZm-Pm-tbX \nn Xw
]pcIw sNbvXv \ntcm-[nv Ipw`Iw sNp-I. ]ns ]nwK- tbmK-h n-Lv\I - -cm-lmcw
f-ap-tJ\ hmbp-hns\ km[m-cW KXn-bn ]pdtv hnS- h-tb-tXym-K -hn- ax
Ww. ]ns ]nwK-f-bm hmbp-hns\ hb-n \nd-bvp-
47. ehWw kj]w Nm
I. bYm-in [mcWw sNbvXp. CU-ap-tJ\ tcNIw sN-
apjvWw XovWw N cqIw
Ww. Cs\ GXp aqnZzm-c-n-eq-sS-bmtWm izkn-
Xv AXnIqSn hopw \ndv at aqnZzm-c- n IqSn imI-PmXw cma-Tm-Zn
]pd-tp hnp-sIm-a-n-cn--Ww. Gsd ]Xp-stbm hn kv{Xn ]Y-tk-h\w
Gsd thK-ntem AmsX hnc-ep-sImv apv {]Z-o-I- 48. {]mXx kv\mt\m ]hm-km-Zn
cn-p-I. B ka-bs Hcp am{X-sbv ]d-bp-p. Imb-t-imw hP-tbXv
41. CUbm hmbp atcm]y A`ymk Imte {]Yaw
iss\x-tjm-U-i-am-{Xbm ikvX w ocm-Py-t`m-P\w
Ipw`-tbXv ]qcnXm ]m 49. tKm[p-a-ap-ZvK-im-eyw
Xpx jjvTym Xp am{Xbm tbmK-hr-n-Icw hnZpx
42. tcN-tbXv ]nwK-fm-\mUym XXx ]cw btYjvSw Xp
Zzm{Xnw-i-m-{Xbm ]p\x iw kymZzm-bp-[m-ctW
]p\x ]nwK-f-bm-]p-cy 50. btYjvS [mc-Wm-Zzmtbmx
]qhXv kpk-am-lnXx kntXv tIhe Ipw`Ix
43. {]mXa-[y-Znt\ kmb tIhte Ipw`tI knt
a-cmt{X N Ipw `Im tcN-]p-c-hn-hPntX
iss\-c-ioXn ]cyw AtXm-sS tbmKn- bpsS ico-c-n ImW- s- Sp Nn-
]d-bmw. Hv ico-c-em-L-h-am-Wv. AtXm-sSmw PT-
NXphmcw ka-`y-tkXv
cmn Xo{h-am-Ip-p. icocw \nn--amIpw tbmK-hnLw
44. Ghw am{Xm-{X-bm-`ym-km hcp-p Blmcw ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww. Dv, F, ]pfn-v,
mUo ipn-kvXtXm `thXv NqtS-dn-b-Xv, cq-XojvW t`mP-\w, Imbw XpS-n-bh,
bZm Xp\mUo ipnx kym kv{Xo kw, A[nIw \S-p-I, {]mXx-kv\m\w, D]-
hmkw XpSnbh hn-p-I.
Zm Nnm\n _mlyXx
A`ym-km-cw-`
- n ocm-hpw s\bvsIm-p
BZyw CU-bn IqSn ]Xn-\mdp am{X hmbp-hns\ D-
t`mP-\hpw t{ijvT-am-Wv. tKmX-v, Dgp-v, Acn-`-Ww
n-tebvv henv ]ns Adp-] - n-\m-ep-hsc Iw`Iw Fn- h tbmK-hr-n-I-c-am-Wv. Cs\ A`ymkw sNbvXm
sNbvXp ap-n-cp hsc ]nK-f\ - m-Un-bn IqSn tcNIw hmbp-hns\ btYw [cn-m-\p in Inpw. hmbp-[m-
sN-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw cmw {]mhiyw ]nwK-eb - n cWw km[n-m tIh-e-Ipw-`Iw kn-am-Ip-p. Atm
IqSn hmbp-hns\ henv apn-e-s-t]mse sNbvXp-sIm- tcNI ]qc-I- ssIsh-Sn-bmw.
n-c- -Ww. cmhn-sebpw Dbvpw kypw A-cm-
51. \ Xky Zpe_w InnXv
{Xn-bnepw \mep-{]m-hiyw kmh-[m\w F]Xp Ipw`Iw
hsc sN-Ww. Cs\ aqp-am-ks A`ym-k-m {Xnjp temtIjp hnZytX
\mUo-ipn ssIh-cpw. km[-Is tZl-n AXns {]tkztZm PmbtX ]qw
Nn-fpw ImWm-dm-Ipw. a\w tX\ Imc-tbXv

N P
 741

I 52. XtXm]n [mc-Wm-Zzmtbmx 60. knwtlm hm tbmKn\m tX\ K

{Ita-ssWh iss\x iss\x {anbt lkvX XmUnXmx
Itm _hXn tZlky Iky bYm cq]w
Bk\ ky tZln\x XYm kymZ]n tbmKn\x
53. XtXm-[n-I -X-cm-`ym-km ]t Xs kmayhpw inbpw ap--hc - psS
ZpZpco tkz\ PmbtX apn {]I-Sn-n-c - p-Xv. kzbw Iv Xs Dmlw
hn-n-p-I. AXn ]ns km[m-cW {]bm-k--
bYm N Z Zptcm `mhx
sfmpw km[-I-\p-m-hn-. ae-aq-{X- Ipdbpw \n{Z
DXvp-tXym-XvXy KXn Npcp-pw, aqn- tbm Xptem hnbtm hmbp-hns ZpK-
54. ]Zvam-k-\-ntXm tbmKo tam Ah-\p-m-In-. A`ymkw hn-p--tXmsS \
XYm KXn `qXte in-bp-m-Ipw. Fn-s\bpw t\cn-Sm-\p in Inpw.
ISph B\ knwlw XpS-nb arK-fpw tbmKn-bpsS
XtXm-[n-I-X-c m-`ym-kmXv
ssIsIm-p Hcp ASn-tb-m Np-t]m-Ipw. Ima-
`qan-Xym-K PmbtX s\m ku-cyhpw Dm-Ipw.
55. ]tam-k-\ Ghmku 61. X{Zp-]h
- i
- Km \mcyx
`qan-ap- rPy htX Imwt Xky kwKaw
AXn-am-\p-j-tN-jv SmZn bZn kwKw Itcm-tXzj
XYm kmay-ap-Zv` -thXv Xky _np tbm `thXv
tbmKnv AXn-\p-tijw aqp temI-nepw Hpw 62. hP-bnXzm kv{Xnbmx-kmKw
Zpe-`-am-hp-I-bn-. A`ym-k-L-
- n Dm-Ip hnbv Ipcym-`-`ym-k-am-Z-cmXv
tZl-n an--Ww. AtXmsS hmbp [cn-m-\p tbmKn-t\mwtK kpK-
in IqSpw. AtXmsS Ccn-p km[-Is icocw hnd-
PmbtX _np [mc-WmXv
bvp-p. Ipsd--gn-bp-tm Xh-f-bvsm tNjvS Dm-
63. XtXm cl-kyp-]m-hnjvSx
Ipw. AXm-bXv IpXn-p-Nm-Sp Ahm hnti-jw.
AXnepw D]-cn-bmb A`ym-k-n Ah `qan-bn \nv {]Whw pX-am-{Xbm
s]mm XpS-p-p. CXp-t]mse Aam-\p-jn-I-{]-hr-n- Pt]Xv ]qhmPn-Xm\mw Xp
I sNm\pw Ign-bpw. ]m]m\mw \mi-tl-X-th
56. \Zi-tb kmayw 64. kh hnLv\l - tcm a{x
Zi\w hocy hcw {]Whx c htZm-jlm
kzev]w hm _lp[m ZpxJw Gh-a-`ym-k-tbm-tK\ knn-cm-c w-`-kw-`hm
tbmKo \ hyYtX XZm 65. XtXm `thXv cT hm
57. Aev] aq{X-]p-co-j ]h-\m-`ymk XXv]cm
kzev]\ - n-{Z PmbtX {]mtWm-]mt\m at\m _pn
Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
Ioethm Zpjn-Im-emem tkzZ-Zp--Xm-\t\
66. At\ym\y kmhn-tcm-tZ\
58. GXm\n khYm Xky
GIXm LStX bZm
\ Pmbt XXx ]cw
lSm-ht- Xn km t{]mm
XtXm-[n-I-X-c m-`ym-kmXv
Xn-m\n {_ho-aylw
_e-apXv ]ZytX _lp
kv{XoI Ahs cq]-m BIr-jvS-cmbn Ah-
59. tb\ `qNc knnx kymXv
\p-am-bp kwKaw B{K-ln-p-shp hcmw. tbmKn kv{Xo
`qN-cmWmw Ptb-ax kwKaw sNbvXm Ahs hocyw \jvS-s-Sp-p. AXn-
hymt{Lm hm ict`m hm]n \m kv{XoIsf {in-msX ZrV-X-tbmsS A`ym-k-]-c-
KtPm Khb Gh hm \m-I-Ww. hocy-[m-c-W
- m Abm-fpsS icocw kpK-n-

N P
 742

I X-am-Ip-p. Abm GIm--Xb- n-en-cpv X-am-{X-bn 74. hmIvknnx Ima-cq-]X

- z K
{]Whw P]n-W - w. Xqew ]m]w \inp; {]Whw aZr-iy-I-cWo XYm ae-aq{X {]te-t]\
kh-hn-Lv\-lm-cn-bm-Wv. Cs\ A`ym-k-tbm-K-m
temlmtZx kzXm `thXv
knn ssIhcpw hmbp [mc-W-m {]mW A]m-\
a\v _pn Pohm--]-ca - m-m- Fn-h-bpsS ]mc- 75. tJ KXn-kvXky PmtbX
kv]c
- n-X-amb sFIyw m]n-X-am-Ip-p. AXns Nn- k-Xm-`ymk tbmKXx
]d-bmw. kZm _pn-aXm `mhyw
67. ]qhw bx IYn-tXm-`ym-k tbmKn\m tbmK kntb
pmwiw ]cn-{K-tlXv \mn GXp ck- a mtWm {K- l n- - s - Sp- Xv
Znhm hm bZn hm kmbw AXns\ B-cq-]-n `mhn--Ww. Xzn GsXmv
bma-am{Xw ka-`y-tkXv kv]in--s-Sp-p, AXnepw A-`mhw thWw. Cs\
mt\-{nb hnj-b- km[Iw sNbvX Znh-k-n
68. GI-hmcw {]Xn-Zn\w
Hcp bmaw hsc A`ymkw thWw. am\-kn-I-amb Ign-hp-
IpcymXv tIh-e-Ipw-`Iw Ip ]pdsa km[-I\v Zqc-{ip-Xn, Zqc-Zr-jvSn, hmIy-kn-
C{n-bm-W o-{n-bmtt_ym n, Ima-cq-]-[m-c-W, AZr-iy-\m-Im-\p Ignhv CsXms
bXv {]Xym-l-cWw kv^pSw knn- pw. Abm-fpsS ae-a q-{X-t e-]-\- m Ccpv
kz-am-Ip-as - {X. BIm-iK- a- \w XpS-nb knn-Ifpw
69. tbmKn Ipw`-I-am-mb
Dm-Ipw. _pn-am-\mb tbmKn {im-ep-hm-I-Ww.
{]Xym-lmc k DNytX
76. GtX hnLv\m alm-knZvt[x
bZyXv ]iyXn Np `ymw
\c-ta {X _pn-am
X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
\ Zi-tbXv kzkm-ayw bky Ikym
70. bZyXv irtWmXn Im`ymw
]ntbm-Kn-cmSv
X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
77. bYm aptVm bYm lytm
e`tX \mkbm bZr
bYm _[nc Gh hm
-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv
XYm htX temIky kzkm-ay
BZyw sNbvXn-cp A`ymkw ]noSv \men-semv ky Kp]vXtb
sNbvXm aXn ]Item cm{Xntbm Hcp bmaw A`ymkw 78. injym kzkz-Im-tcjp
sN-Ww. Ip`Iw am{Xw {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp {]mhiyw sN-
{]m-bn \ kwibx
Ww. Ipw`Iw sNbvXv C{n-b-sf Ah-bpsS hnj-b--
fn\nv {]Xym-lc
- n-W
- w. CXmWv {]Xym-lm-cw. Cu XXv I Ic-hy{Kx
L-n Fp-I-mepw GXv tImepw Fv aW-n- kzm`ymtk hnkvartXm `thXv
mepw Ah-sbmw B-`m-h\ - t- bmsS kzoI-cn-p-I. 79. Ahn-kvarXy Kptcm hmIy
71. Pnlzbm b{Zkw lrn a`y-tk Zlmiw
X-Zm-tXn `mh-tbXv Ghw `thXv lTm-hm
XzNm bZyXv kv]ptiXv tbmKo kXm `ymk-tbm-KXx
X ZmtXn `mh-tbXv 80. A\-`ym-k-h-X-ssh
72. Ghw mt\-{n-bmWmw Xp hrYm tKmjvTym \ knymXn
XXv kuJyw kpkm-[t- bXv Xkva mXv kh-{]-b-tX-\\
bma-am{Xw {]Xn-Zn\w tbmK-tah kZm-`y-tkXv
tbmKo bXv\m-ZX - {- nXx
Ch alm-kn-nv hnLv\a - m-Wv. Adn-hp tbmKn
73. bYmhm Nn-km-ayw AXn Xmev]cyw Im-cp-Xv. Ah-bn \nsmw Hgn-p-
PmbtX tbmKnt\m {[phw am-dW
- w. Xs Ignhv {]Zin-n--cp-Xv. km[m-c-W-m-cs
Zpc-{ip-XnZp-c-ZrjvSnx apn {`mt\m _[n-ct\m aqIt\m Bbn A`n-\-bn-
mw. Xs Ign-hp-I tKm]y-ambn shbv-Ww. injy-
Wm pcm-Ka - -kvXYm
m At]-n-mepw hg-msX kZm A`ym-k-n \nc-
N P
 743

I \m-bn-cn--Ww. Cs\ \nc--c-amb A`ym-k-m lTm- 87. ]rYn ho tbmKtXm arXyp K

h ssIhcpw A`ym-k-mte CXv ssI hcp-Ib - p- \ `th-Zky tbmKn\x
q. {]kwKw sImv Hpw \S-n-. kZm tbmKm-`ymk
B Pmt\mx ]mbp ]cy-
\nc-X-\m-hp-I.
a]mw m\w {]Ion-Xw.
81. XXx ]cn-Nb - m-hm
88. Bt]m N{w ipw N
PmbtX `ymk tbmKXx
hm_oPw ]cn-IonXw
hmbpx ]cn-NntXm bXv\m
hmcptW hmbp-am-tcm]y
Zn\m kln IpWvUeo
hIm-tcW ka-nXw
82. `mh-bnXzm kpjp-av\mbmw
89. kvatc-m-cm-bWw tZhw
{]hn-ti-Z-\n-tcm-[Xx
NXp _mlpw Incn-Sn\w
hmbp\m kl Nnw N
ip kv^SnI kmiw
{]th-in alm-]Yw
]oX hmkk aNypXw
83. bky Nnw kz]-h\w kpjpav\mw
90. [mc-tbXv ]-LS- nImx
{]hn-ti-Znl
kh ]mss]x {]ap-NytX
`qan cmt]m \tem hmbp
XtXm PemZv `bw \mkvXn
cmIm-itXn ]Ix
Pte arXyp\ hnZytX
84. tbjp ]kp tZhm\mw [mcWm
]-t [m-NytX ]rYzn-tbm-K-{]-`m-h-m tbmKnv ac-W-ap-m-hn-.
aqSp-ap-X KpZw hsc-bp `mK-n\v Pe-X-Xz-m-\-sav
]mZmZn Pm\p-]c - yw
]d-bp-p. AXv A-N{- m-Im-c-n "hm' F _oP-
]rYzn ho m\-ap-NytX tmSp IqSn- b- Xm-Wv. Cu Pe- X- Xz- n hmbp-hns\ Btcm-
85. ]rYnho NXp-c{w N ]nv "h'sb ka-Xz-bnv NXp _mlphpw Inco-S-[m-cnbpw
]oX-hw ehIw kv^S-In, km-i\pw ]oXmw-_-c\pw ANyp-X-\p-amb \mcm-
b-Ws\ [ym\n--Ww. Cs\ Ap \nanjw [ym\n-
]moth hmbpam im]y
m `K-hm km[-Is\ Fm ]m]--fn \npw ap-
eImtc ka-\znXx \m-pw. ]ns Hcp hn[-nepw Abmv Pe-n\n-
86. [ymbw-X - q `pPm-Icw p `bw Dm-Ip-n-. Pe-n Abmv acWw
NXph{w lnc-bw Dm-In-.
[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIw 91. B]m-tbm lrZ-bmw N hn-m\w
]rYn-ho-P -b-am- ]v\p-bmXv {]IonXw
]noSv A`ym-k-m ]cn-Nbw t\Sm Ign-bp-p. hn-kv{XotImw cw N tc^m-c kap-{Z-`hw
AXns\ {ianv hmbp klnXw An-tbbpw IpWvU-en- 92. hl\u Nm\n e am tcm]y tc^m-c
sbbpw km[Iw sNbvXv `mh\m ]qhw kpjp-av\b - n kap-Pzew
{]th- i n- -W w. Ahn- Ss \ntcm[w Pbnv hmbp {Xnb-cw hcZw cp{Zw Xcp-Wm-ZnXz kn`w
klnXw alm cY-n {]th-in--Ww. BcpsS Nnw 93. `kvtam qfnX khmwKw kp{]-k
hmbp klnXw kpjp-av\b - n {]th-in-p-p. Ah a\p-kva-c
]rYzn Pew An hmbp BImiw Fo ] alm-`q-X-
[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIm hn\m ku \ ZlytX
-fm-Ip tZh-msc Ap-hn-[ - n [mcWw sNp-
p. ]mZw apX app-hscbp `mKs ]rYzo-X-Xz-m- 94. \ ZlytX icocw N {]hnjvS kym
\-sap ]d-bp-p. ]rYzn NXp-jvtIm-W-bp-hpw ]oX- n aWvUte
hhpw eIm-c-bp-h - p-am-Ip-p. A-s\-bp ]rYzo- B lrZ-bmZv {`pthym ayw hmbp-m\w
X-Xz-n hmbp-hns\ Btcm-]nv eIm-c-n AXns\ {]IonXw
tbmPn-nv AXn kz-ab - hpw NXp`p-Pm-Im-chpw 95. hmbpx jSvtIm-WIw IrjvWw bIm-cm-c
NXpap-J- hp-amb {_s [ym\n--Ww. Cs\ Ap- `mkpcw
L-Sn-Ih
- sc [ym\n-m ]rYzo-XXz hnPbw knn-pw.
amcpXw acpXmw mt\ bIm-cm--cc `mkpcw

N P

I 96. [mc-tb-{X kh-a- o-izcw hniztXm apJw
[mc-tbXv ]-LS- nIm hmbp-hXv
thyma-t Km-`-th-Xv.
ae-Zzmcw apX lrZbw hsc-bp `mK-n\v An-
m\w Fp-]-db - p-p. An {XntIm-W-bp-hpw Nph-
-\n-da
- p-Xpw tc^-bp-h - p-am-Ip-p. An-bn hmbp-
hns\ Btcm-]nv cYs ka-\z-bnv {Xnt\-{X\pw ]c-
Z\pw Xcp-Wm-ZnXy kam-\\pw `kva [qfnX khmw-K\pw
Bb cp{Z\ A\p-kvac - n-W- w. Cs\ Ap-LS- nI
[ym\n- m Ah An-b m Zln- -s -S p-I - b n- .
Ip Xobn IqSn \S-mepw Ah Zln-s - -Sn-.
lrZbw apX ]pcnIw hsc-bp m\-n\v "hmbp-
m-\-sav ]d-b p-p. AXv jv StIm-Whpw Irjv W-
hhpw "b' Imc-bp--hp-am-Wv. hmbp \-n bIm-
c-tm-Sp-IqSn hniz-tXm-J\pw kh--\p-amb Cuiz-cs\
[ym\n-W - w. Cs\ Ap-\n-anjw [ym\n-m hmbp-
hn-s\-tmse BIm-iN - m-cn-bmbnocmw.
97. acWw \Xp hmtbm `bw `hXn tbmKn\x
B{`p a[ymp aq[m amIm-i - m-\-ap-NytX
98. thyma-hrw N {[qaw N lIm-cm-c `mkpcw
BImti hmbp amtcm]y lImtcm ]cn-i - cw
99. _np-cq]w alm-tZhw thymam-Imcw kZm-inhw
ip-kv^-SnI kmiw [rX _mtep auen\w
100. ]-h-{-bqXw kuayw Zi _mlpw
{Xntem-N\w
khm-bp-ss[y [rXm-Imcw khm-`q-j-W-
`q-j nXw
101. Dam[ tZlw hcZw kh-Im-cW ImcWw
BIm-i-[m-cWm Bky tJN-cyXzw
`thXv {[phw
A-s\-bp tbmKnv hmbp-hns\ Aev]hpw `b-
s-tS--Xn-. hmbp ImcWw Ah acn-n-. ]pcnIw
apX aqmhp hsc-bp `mK-n\v BImiw hr-m-
Im-chpw [qa-hhpw "l' Imc-m {]Im-in-X-hp-am-W.v
BIm-iX - X
- z-n hmbphns\ Btcm-]nv hnjvWp cq]-
n alm tZh\pw thymam-Im-c-n kZm inh\pw ip-
kv^-Sn-I-Xp-ey\pw \na-e\pw N{-I-em-[-c\pw ]-ap-
J\pw kuay\pw Zi-_m-lphpw {Xnt\-{X\pw khm-bp-[-
[m-cnbpw kh-`-c-W-`q-jn-X\pw ]m-Xo-Im-\pw kh-
Im-c-W-pw Imc-W-hp-amb `K-hm inhs\ BIm-i-
n [mcWw sNbvXm Xo-bmbpw BIm-iK - -a-\-n-
\p Ignhv ssIh-cp-p.
102. b{X b{X ntXm hym]n kpJ-a-Xy
ai-ptX
Ghw N [mcWmx ]-Ip-cymXv tbmKo
hnN-Wx
N P
744
103. XtXm ZrU-Vi
- c
- ocx kzmrXyp kvXky K
\ hnZytX
{_mWmx {]f-tb-\mln \ko `Xn alm-aXnx
104. kKpWw [ym\ taXXv kymZWn amZn
KpW-{]Zw
\nKpW [ym\ bpky kam-[o
XtXm-`-thXv
A-s\-bm-bm km[-I Fhn-sS- bn-cp- mepw hfsc
kpJ- hm-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Cs\ Ign-hm tbmKn Ap-
hn-[-n [mcWw sN-Ww. Xqew Ahs icocw Zr-
V-am-Ip ac-W`- bw Dm-Ip-n-. {_-{]-fb - -n\p
tijhpw Ah ZpxJn-X\ - m-Ip-n-. Bdp \nanjw hsc
Cs\ hmbp-hns\ \nb-{nv BIm-i- n CjvS-knn
\Ip tZh-msc [ym\n--Ww. kKpW cq] [ym\-
m AWn-amZn KpW-knn; \nKpW [ym\-m kam-
[nbpw ssIh-cpw.
106. Zn\ ZzmZi tI ss\h kam[nw ka
hm]v\p bmXv
hmbp \ncp[y ta[mhn Poh-ptm `hy-Xbw
107 kam[nx ka-Xm-hm Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
bZn kztZ-la
- pXv krjv-Sn-anm tN ZpXv
krtPXv kzbw
108. ]c-{_Wn eotbX \X-tkym-Xv{Imn
cnjytX
AY t\m tNXv kapXv krjvS kz icocw
{]nbw bZn
109. kh-tem-tIjp hnl-c
- W
- n-amZn KpW \znXx
IZm-NnXv tkzbm tZthm `qXzm kzt
alo-btX
110. a\pjym hm]n btm hm tkzbm
ho-WmXv `thXv
knwtlm hymtLm KtPm hmiy tkzmbm
_lp-Xm-an-bmXv
tbmKw Adn-bp km[-I ]{v Znh-k-p-
n Xs kam[n ssIh-cnv Poh- p-\ - m-I p-p.
kam[n Pohm--]-c-am-m--fpsS kam-\m-h--bm-Wv.
AXn kzio-c-XymKw sN-W-sa-m-{K-l-ap-s - n
As\ sNmw. C-s \-] -c-a m-m-h n ebn- -h\v
hopw P-an-. icocw {]nb-am-sW-nepw Ah ico-c-
n Xs nXn-sNbvXv AWn-am-Zn-kn-n-ap-s-n
Ftm thW-sa-nepw kz-n tZh-\p-am-Imw. a\p-
jyt\m bt\m BIm Ignbpw knwlw, ISph apX-
em-b-h-bpsS cq]- ssIsIm-m\pw Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.

I 111. btY-jvS-tah htX bZzm tbmKo atl-izcx
A`ym-k-t`-ZtXm t`Zmx ^ew Xp ka tah ln
112. ]mjvWow hmaky hmZ-ky-tbm-\n-mt\
\ntbm-P-tbXv
{]kmcy ZnWw ]mZw lkvXm`ymw
[mc-tbXv ZrVw
113. NnpIw lrZn hn\yky ]qc-tb-Zzm-bp-\m-]p\x
Ipw`-tI\ bYm-in [mc-bnXzm Xp tcN-tbXv
114. hmamw-tK\ ka-`yky Zmw KuX-
tXm`ytkXv
{]km-cn-Xk - vXp. bx ]mZkvX aq{X
]cn-\m-a-tbXv
115. Ab-tah alm-_ DZ-b-ss{Xh a`y-tkXv
alm-_--ntXm tbmKo IrXzm
]qc-It- a-I[o
116. hmbp\m KXn amhrXy \nZrXw I-ap-{Zbm
]pS-Zznbw kam-{Iay hmbpx pn kXzcw
tbmKn-a-tl-izc ]Zw {]m]n-- Xn-\p-tijw C-sm CXv tbmK knn-I-ca
hw Ign- bmw. CXv A`ym-k-t`Zw am{Xw ^e- ZrjvSym cpw IcWn F ap{Z-sb--n-bm-Wv. CXv kh-hym[n hn\m-in-
Xpeyw Xs. CSs ]mZ-ns Dq-n-bm tbm\n- \n-bm-Wv.
m-\-a-an hes ]mZw \on AXns s]cp-hn-c
cpssIsImpw _e-n ]nSn- -Ww. XmSn s\tmSp
tNv hmbp Dn\n-dv bYm-in Iw`Iw sNbvXv
tcN-I-m hmbp shfn-bn hnS-Ww. Cu A`ymkw CS-
Xp-`m- K-m sNbvXv he-Xp-`mKw sImpw sNp-I. AXm- 124. Aev]m-lmtc bZn `th-Z
bXv \on-bn-cn-p Im tbm\n-m-\v m]n--Ww.
CXv ""alm-_ - -\-amWv'' cp hn[-nepw tbmKn GIm-
{K-ambn I-ap{Z aptJ\ hmbp KXn \ntcm[nv cp
aqnZzm-c-fpw km-Nn-n-m hmbp-thKw \nd-bpw.
117. Ab tah alm-th[x kn ssc-`y-ky-tX-
\n-ic
Ax-I]- m-e-bp-Il
- tc Pnlzmw hymhrX
[mc-tbXv
118. {`qa[y ZrjvSn ct]yjm ap{Zm `hXn tJNco
IWvT-am-IpWvey lrZb m]-tbZv
ZrV-bm-[nbm
119. _tm Pme--cymtWym bw arXyp
amXw-K-tI-kco
_tm tb\ kpjva-\mbmw {]mWm-kvXpo
btX bXx
120. DUym\m tIymln _tm bw tbmKn`nx
kap-Zm-lrXx
N P
745
]mjvWn `mtK\ kw]oUy tbm\n K
amIp--tbXv ZrVw
121. A]m\ aq[z apm]y tbm\n
_tmb apNytX
{]mWm-]m\u \mZ-_np aqe-_-t\
ssNIXmw
122. KXzm tbmKky k know btXm
\m{X kwibx
IcWo hn]-co-XmJym kh-hym[n hn\m-in\n
Cu alm-th-[s kn-tbm-Kn-I kZm A`y-kn-
p-p. C\n tJNco ap{Z \mv apI-fn-temp aSn
I]m-e-Ip-l-c
- n m]n-p. cp ]pcn-I - -fp-sSbpw
at[y ZrjvSn Dd-n--Ww. Igpv ktm-Nn-nv ZrV-ambn
s\n m]n-m ""Pme-c ap{Z-bm-bn. AXn\v arXyp-
am-Xm-K-tI-k-cn-sbpw ]d-bpw. CXn-\m _-amb
{]mW kpjp- a v\ -b n {]th- i n- p- p. tbmKn-I
AXns\ Do-bm\ _w Fv ]d-bp-p. Dqn sImv
tbm\n kv\m\s \-t]mse Aan A]m-\s\ apI-
fn-tebvv hen--Ww. CXn\v tbm\n _-sav ]d-bp-
p. Cu hn[n-{]-Imcw {]mW A]m-\ \mZw _np
Fn-h-bn aqe-_w aptJ\ GIo-`mhw ssIh-cp-p.
- mWv ASp-p-]d
- b
- p-Xv hn]-coX
123. \nXy a`-A-bm-k-bp-ky PT-cmn hnhn\o
Blmtcm _lp-e-kvXky kw]m\y
km[-Iky NX
- n tZlw
ltc XvWmXv
A[x intcm-tm[z ]mZx Ww kymXv
{]Yta Znt\
125. Wm Inn Z[nI a`y-tkp Znt\ Znt\
heo N ]enXw ssNh jam-km
m--Zr-iytX
126. bma-am{Xw Xp tbm \nXy a`y-tkXv k
Xp Ime-PnXv
ht{Pmfn a`ytk ZykvXp k tbmKo
knn `mP\w
127. e`ytX bZn Xsskyh tbmK-knnx
Itc-nXm
AXo-Xm-\m-KXw thn tJNco N.
`thXv {[phw
\nXyhpw Cu ap{Z km[Iw sNp--hs PT-cmn
hn- pw. AXns ^e- a mbn km[- I \v A[nIw
Blmcw thn hcpw. Aev]m-lmcw XpSm Abm-

I fpsS tZlw Xs XI-cpw. Cu ap{Z A`y-kn-p BZy-
Zn-hkw \nan-jt- \cw incv Xmsgbpw ]mZw apI-fn-tempw
shbv-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Fm Znh-khpw Hmtcm \nan-
jhpw A`ymkw hn-n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. A-s\-
bm-bm Bdp amkn\p-n Xs ico-c-nse Npfn-
hp-I amdpw. Xe-ap-Sn-bpsS \ndw Gdpw {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp
bmaw hsc A`y-kn-p--h\v Ime-s\bpw Pbn-m
Ignbpw ASpv ht{Pm-fn-ap{Z A`y-kn-p tbmKn AXn-
thKw kn-\m-Ip-p. tbmKn Cu A`ymkw sNp
]w tbmK-knn Abm-fpsS ssIbn-em-bn-cn-pw. `qX-`-
hn-jy-p- Adn-bm Abmv km[n-pw. BIm-i-
K-a\- -n\pw Abmv Ign-hp-m-Ipw.
128. Aacow bx ]nt-nXyw \kyw Iph
Znt\-Znt\
ht{Pmfn A`y-k-Xy aa-tcm-foXn IYytX
129. XtXm `th {Zm PtbmtKm \mcm
`hXn {[phw
bZmXp cmP tbmtK\ \njv]m
tbmKn`nx {IoUm
130. XZm hnthI sshcmKyw PmbtX tbmKn
t\m {[phw
hnjvWp\ma alm tbmKo alm `qtXm
alm X]mx
\nXyhpw Aacn IpSn-p-Ibpw AXp aqn \kyw
sNp-Ibpw sNbvXv ht{Pmfn km[Iw sNp--hs\ Aa-
tcmfo km[-I-s\v ]d-bp-p. Ah cmP-tbm-Kn-bm- sW
Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. cmP-tbmKw ssIhp Ign-m
tbmKnv lT-tbm-K-ns imco-cn-I-{]-{Inb Bh-iy-an-. 138. Du[z-\m-f-at[m _np kvXky at[y
Ah\v ZrV-ambn hnth-Ihpw sshcm-Kyhpw ssIh-cp-p.
`K-hm, alm-hn-jvW- X-s-bm-Wv. alm `qX- kz- cq- ]; AXp-
t]mse alm X]-kznbpw
131. XXz-amt bYm Zot]m ZriytX ]pcp-tjm-ax
bxkvX\x ]qh-]oX kvXw \njv]oUy
apZvaiv\p tX
132. bkvamXv PmtXm `Km-Xv]qhw Xkvan th
`tK-c\p
bm amXm km ]p\ `mcym bm `mcym
amXtc hln
133. bx]nXm k ]p\x-]pt{Xm bx]p-{Xxk
]p\x ]nXm
Ghw kmc Nt{IW Ip] Nt{I LSm Ch
134. {`at tbm\n Pm\n {ipXzm temIm
ka-iv\ptX
{Xtbm temIm kv{Xtbm thZm kv{Xn{kx
kymx kv{Xb kzcmx
N P
746
135. {Xtbmb {XnKpWm ntXm K
kh-{X-bm-tc
- mWmw N tbmZ-[o-tX
{Xbm-Wm-a-c
]ya-cw
]pcp-tjm--as\ XXz-am km-cnv hnf-p-
t]mse kv] jv S-ambn ImWm Ignbpw Cu Poh
At\Iw tbm\n-If - n {`aWw sNbvXp a\p-jy-tbm-\n-bn-
se- p- p. Hcp ka-bv IpSn kv X \ss
asmcp ka-bv anv B\-a - S- -bpp GXp tbm\n-bn-
eq-sS-bmtWm P\n-Xv A-s\-bp tbm\n-bn can-p-
p. Hcp P-n A-bmbn asmcp P-n `mcy-
bm-bn-o-cp-p. `mcym-am-Xm-hm-Ip-p. ]nXmhv ]p{X-\m-
Ipp; ]p{X ]nXm-hm-Ipp Cs\ kwkmc InWn-
nse Nc-Sp-t]m-se-bmWv Pohn-I `n-tbm-\n-I-fnhpw
t]mbp-an-cn-p-p. aqp- tem-I-fpw aqp thZ-fpw aqp
kwJy-Ifpw aqp kzc-fpw aqv An-Ifpw aqp
KpW- fpw Fmw Xs aqv A-c- -fn \ne
sImp-p. tbmKnv aq--c-fpw A--chpw
A[y-b\w sNt--Xp-v.
136. tXu kh-anZw t{]mXw XXv khw
XXv]cw ]Zw
]pjv]-aty bYm Kx-]tbm at[y
bYm LrXw
137. Xne at[y bYm ssXew
]mjm-tWjzh Im\w
lrZn mt\ nXw ]Zvaw Xky-h{
at[m-apJw
nXw a\x
AImtc tcNnXw ]-ap-Im-tc-ssWh `nZytX
139. aImtc e`tX \mZ-a am{Xm Xp \nem
ip-kv^-SnI kmiw \njvIfw ]m]-\m-i\w
140. e`tX tbmK bpmm ]pcp-j-kvXXv
]cw-]Zw
Iq kz]mWn ]mZmZn inc-m-\n
[mc-tbXv
14. Ghw ZzmtcjvT kthjvT hmbp ]qcnX tcNnXx
\njnw Xp \h Zzmtcm Du[zw {]mMv
\niz-kw-kvX Ym
142. LS-at[y bYm Zot]m \nhmXw Ipw`Iw hnZpx
\nj-ss \h`nx Zzmsscx \nPt\ \ncp-]-
{Zth \nnXw Xzm-am-t{XWm hinjvSw tbmK-
tk-ht- bXv CXyp-]\
- n-jv
kI-eXpw AXn Hmcm t{]mX-am-Wv. AXp-Xs
bmWp kXyw; AXp-X-s-bmWv ]c-a-]-Zw. ]qhn aWw
 747

I t]msebpw Fn F-sb-t- ]m-sebpw ]md-bn Ic-N-cW - - fpw Dn-tev hen-p-X - pw-t]mse Fm K

kz-sa t]mebpw AXv kI-e-Xnepw hym]n-n-cn-p- Zzmc--fn IqSnbpw \nd-bv-s-h - mbp \h Zzmc-
p. lrZ-b-Ia - e
- -ns apJw Xmtgmpw AXns \mfw _n-s - -X- n-\m apI-fn-tev t]mIp-p. Ip`Iw
apI-fn-tem-p-am-Wv. Xmsg _nphpw AXna-\pw nXn Fp ]d-bp-Xv IpS-ns a[y-n shbv-s Zo]-
sNp-p. AIm-c - n tcNIw sN-s Iaew DIm-c- sa- -t]m-se-bm-Wv. tbmK-km- [-\-bn \h-Zzm- c-fpw \ntcm-
n t`Zn--s-Sp-p. aIm-c-n \mZw e`n-p-p. [n- -s - -X n\ptijw \nP- \ hpw \ncp- ] -{Z- h -h p- a mb
A-am-{X-\n-e - hpw ip-kv^-Sn-I - n-s\m--Xp-am-Wv. ev Bmhp am{Xw _mn-bm-Ipp Fv D]-\n-
AXv \njvI-f-hpw ]m]-\m-iI - -hp-am-Wv. Cs\ tbmK- jpI hy-am-p-p.
bp--\mb ]pcp-j tamw {]m]n-p-p. Ba Xebpw
tbmK-X-tXzm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 tbmK- c m- t Pm- ] - \ n- j v 3

1. tbmK-cmPw {]h-yman Cs\ \mem-W.v 2. XXz {ZjvSm--fmb tbmKn-I CXv

tbmKn\mw tbmK kntb \mep-{]-Im-c-n-sev ]d-bp-p Bk-\w, {]mW-kw-tcm-
a{ tbm tKm eb-ssh [w, [ym\w kam-[n. 3. Fm tbmKn-Ipw k-X-am-bn-
p-Xv Cu tbmK-sav [cn-p-I. {_mhv hnjvWp,
cmP-tbm-tKm. lT-kvXYm
inh Ch-cpsS a{- P]n-t-Xv ChnsS Bh-iy-
2. tbmK--Xp hn[x t{]mtm
am-Wv. 4. h-cm-P XpS-n-b-h a{-tbmKw kn-am-
tbmKn-`n-kvXzXz Zin`nx n-bn-p-v. hymk XpS-n-b-h eb-tbmKw kn-am-n.
Bk\w {]mW kwtcmt[m 5. alm-m- \mep-N{- I--fpsS ebw km[nv tbmK-
[ym\w ssNh kam-[nPx knn {]m]n-p. BZys N{Iw `Km-IrXn tN-XmWv
3. GX--Xp-jvSbw hnn AXns\ {_ N{I-sav ]d-bp-p.
kh tbmtK\ kXw 6. A]mt\ aqe ImJyw
{_ hnjvWp inhm-Zo\mw Ima-cq]w N XKpx
a{w Pm]y hnim-cssZx XtZh hn-IpWvUw kymXv
4. km[ytX a{ tbmKkvXp XXz IpWvU-en\o bYm
hkv Xc- m-Pm-Z n-`nbYm 7. Xw Poh-cq-]nWw [ymtbXv
IrjvW ssZz]m-b-\m-ssZykvXp tPymXnjvTw apn-tl-Xth
km[ntXm eb-kw-nXx kzm[n-jvTm\w ZznXobw kymXv
5. \h-tkzh ln Nt{Ijp
N{Iw X-[yKw hnZpx
ebw IrXzm alm-`nx
8. ]-am-`n-apJw enwKw
{]Yaw {_-N{Iw kymXv
{]hm-fm-p-k-n`w
{Xncm-hrw `Km-IrXn CXn.
Xt{Xm-{Zo-bmW ]otTjp
1. tbmKn-If
- psS tbmK-kn-n-p-thn tbmK-cm-Ps\
\ncq-]Ww sNmw. Cu tbmKw a{w, ebw, cmPw, lTw bym-Xzm-Ij- tb- K
- Xv

N P
 748

I 9. XrXobw \m`n-N{Iw kym 11. {]Imi kzcq-]-amb lwks ({_-w) CXn-\n-S-bn

K
t[y Xp PKXv nXw tin-m-sW- nepw [ym\n--Ww. ]c-{_-[ - ym-\n-bmb
hyn-bpsS hi-n kkm-c-amsI Ds-Sp-sa--Xn
]m-hm a[y-inw
kwi-b-an-. 12. Am-a-tXv IWvT N{I-am-Wv. AXns
Nn-tb-Zzn-Zm-IrXnw CSp `mKv CUbpw he-p-`m-Kv ]nwK-fbpw a[y-
10. Xmw [ymXzm kh-kn-o\mw n kpjp-av\bpw nXn-sN-p-p. 13. Ch-bn ]ca
`mP\w PmbtX _p[x ]hn-{X-amb tPymXn- ns\ [ym\n-p--hv kIe
NXpw lrZbw N{Ip knnbpw e`n-p-p. Bdm-at- Xv Xmep N{I-am-Wv.
AXns\ Ln-Im-m-\s - av ]d-bpw. 14 Zi-Zzmc am-
hntbw XZ-t[m-apJw
sap ]d-bp AXn\v cmP-Z - -sa-mWv t]cv AhnsS
6. A]m\ e-n aqe-Iw BWv. AXns\ Ima-cq- iq\y-n a\-ns\ HXp-n-bm a\p-jy Xobmbpw
]-sav ]d-bp-p. AXns\ hn-Ip-WvU-sapw IpWvU- ap-\m-p-p.
en\n Fpw ]d-bm-dp-v. 7. `n-p-thn tPymXn kzcq-
15. Ggm-at- Xv {`qN-{I-am-Wv. AXns\ _np-shv ]d-
]-ambn Poh-cp-]s [ym\n--Ww. cm-as N{Iw
bp-p. ]pcn-I
- -fpsS a[y-n tKmfm-Im-c-amb tPymXn-
kzm[n-jvTm-\a - mWv AXv \Sp-`m-K
- m-bn-m-Wv. 8. ]n-am-
ns\ [ym\nv tbmKn ap-\mbn `hn-p-p.
`n-ap-Jy-n Hcp enwK-apv AXv {]hm-f - ns Dn
Ap-c-sa t]mse tim`-Ie - -Xm-Wv. D{Zo-bmW ]oT- 16. AjvSamw {_-c{w kymXv
n AXns\ [ym\nv {]]- s Xn-te-bvm-Ijn- ]cw \nhmW kqNIw
-Ww. 910. aqm-a-tXv \m`n-N{- I-am-Wv. AXn-emWv Xw [ymXzm kqXn-Im-{Kmaw
kwkmcw \ne- s Im- p- -X v. Ap hfbw tN
[qam-Imcw hnap-NytX
ansmSn t]mse tXP- p-I -e a[y-i -nsb
Nnn-W - w. m\nv AXns\ [ym\nv Fm knn- 17. X Pme-tc tbw
Ifpw {]m]n-m Ignbpw \mem-as N{Iw lrZ-b-n- tamZw \oe-tN-Xkw
emWv AXv apJw Xmtgm-m-Wv. \haw thyma-N{Iw kymXv
11. tPymXn cq]w N Xty Zfw tjmU-i`- n bpXw
lwkw [ymtbXv {]b-Xv\Xx 18. kwhnZv {_qbm Xty
Xw [ymXtbm PKZv khw in-cpm nXm-]cm
]iyw kmm{X kwibx X{X ]q-Kncu ]ntT
12. ]aw IWvT-N{Iw kymXv inw [ymXzm hnap-NytX
t\t{X hmta CUm `thXv 19. GtXjmw \h-N-{Im-Wm
ZntW ]nwKfm tbm tassIIw [ymbtXm apt\x
kpjpav\m a[yXx nXm kntbm apn-kl - nXmx
13. X{X [ymXzm ipNn-tPymXn Icmx kypZn-t\-Znt\
kno\mw `mP\w `thXv 20. tb tI ZWvUZ- zbw at[y
jjvTw N Xmc-IN - {Iw ]iyn m\ Npjm
Ln-Im-m-\-ap- NytX IZw-_tKmfmImcw Xw
14. Zi-a-Zzm-ca
- mw XXv {_-temIw {hPn tX
cmP-Zw N XKpx 21. Du[z-in \n]m-tX\
X{X iqt\y ebw IrXzm A[x it\n-Ip-\ - mXv
aptm `hXn \nnXw a[y-in {]t_m-t[\
15. `qN{Iw k]vXamw hnZymXv PmbtX ]caw kpJw
_np m\w N XZznZpx PmbtX ]caw kpJw CXn.
{`pthmat[y hpfw N 16. Fm-as N{Iw {_-c-{-am-Wv. B [q{a-h-amb
[ymXzm tPymXnx {]ap-Ny-tX. kqXnIm kaqlw [ym\n-p tbmKn-tamw t\Sp-p.

N P

I 17. AXv Pec-sav a\-n-em-p-I. AXv \oe-\n-d-ap-
Xpw tamw \Ip- -X p-a m-W v. H]Xmw N{Iw
thymabmWv AXn\v ]Xn-\mdv Zf--fp-v. 18. AXns
a[y-ns t] kwhnZv FmWv AXn ]cm-in
AS-p-p. B ]q-amb Kncn-bm ]q insb
[ym\n-p tbmKn-_-\ ap-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
19. Cu H]Xv N{I-- fn Hmtcm- n-s\bpw {ItaW [ym\n-
1 cmt[m-]-\n-jv
imn]mTw
Hmw ] q aZ x ] q a nZ w ] q mX v
]qapZNytX ]qky ]qamZmb ]q
tahmhinjytX Hmw imn imnx imnx
B ]c{_w ]qamIpp. Cu PKpw ]q-
amIpp. ]q {_n \nv Cu ]q PKp-
mIpp. Cu ]q{_n PKv apgph amnh-
mepw ]qamb {_w Ahtijnpp.
HmatYm[zw a n\ Ejbx k\ImZym`
Khw lncWyK`ap]mknXzm DuNpx tZhx Ix
]ctam tZhXmx Im hm Xbx Xmkp N Im
hcobkn krjv Sn`qXm N tIXn ktlmhmN:tl
] p {X I mx i r W p tX Z w l h mh K p l y mX v
KplyXa{]Imiyw bkvs sa IkvX zw \ tZbw
kv \ nKv [ mb {_ hmZnt\ Kpcp`mb tZb
a\yYmZpalZhw`oXIrjvW l ssh lcnx
]ctamtZhx jUznss[sscizsscyx ]cn]qtm
`K h m tK m] otK m] tkth y mh r mc m[ ntX m
hrmht\ \n\mb k GIxkthizcx Xky l
s s h tZ z X \ p \ mc mbW m J ne {_ mW v-
Vm[n]XntctIm {]IrtX {]mNot\m \nXyx Ghw
ln Xky i bkv X z t\I[m B mZn\o,
k n\o, mt\m, {InbmZym _lphn[x
ibx XmkzmZn\o hcnb ko ]amcwK`qXm
cm[mIrjvW w kamcm[mbXn ktZXn cm[nIm
KthXn hy] ZniyX CXn tbbw cm[m b
N P
749
p ap\nv {ItaW [ym\n-p ap\nv apn-tbmSp K
tN knn-I ssI hi-am-Ip-p. 20. m\ N{I-
ns a[y-n IS-n ]qp-e-t]mse cp ZWvU-
ImWm Ign-bp--h {_ temI-n-se-p-p.
21. Du[z in-\n-]mXw sImpw A[x-in ktm-
N\w sImpw a[y-i-n-bpsS {]t_m-[\w sImpw ]c-
a-amb kpJw e`n-p-sa-X
- n kwi-b-an-.
tbmK-cm-tPm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
IrjvW x ckm_v[ n tZtlss\x {Io[\m
Zzn[m`qXv
lcn Hmw Hcn DuztcXpIfmb k\ImZn
Ejnam {_mhns\ kvXpXnv tNmZnp. ""`Khms\,
B cm W v ] ca t Z h ? A t l ns i nI
GsXmsbmWv. B inIfn kht{ijv Thpw
krjv Snv ImcWhpamb GsXmcp inbmWv hn
p X v ? {_ m h v ] d p ] p {X m s c, R m
AXnclkyamb B Imcyw \ntfmSv ]dbmw. amtcmSpw
CXp ]dtbXn. Kpcp`\mb {_Nmcnp am{Xta
CXv ]dp sImSpmhq.AXn\p hn]coXambn
A\[nImcnv sImSpp ]w hfsc ]m]apmIpw.
`Khm IrjvW\mWv Ghpw henb tZh. Atlw
Bdp hn[w sFizcymepw ]cn]qW\mWv.tKm]nIfpw
tKm]mcpw Atls tkhnpp. hrbm
Bcm[nX\mb Atlw hrmh\ns A[oizc\mWv.
GIam{X kthizc\pamWtlw. {io \mcmbW\pw
Atlns cq]n kakvX PKpfpsSbpw
k zmanbmWv . {ioIrj v W {]IrXnbn \npw
Apdpffh\mWv. BmZn\o, kn\o, mt\m,
{Inbm XpSn Atln\v At\Iw inIfpv.
Chbn BmZn\o inbmWv {][m\w. Atl
ns Ghpw {]nbsh cm[bmWv. `Kh IrjvW
\pw Ahsf Bcm[npp. cm[nI ""KhbmsWpw
]dbsSmdpv. Fm tKm]nIfpw `Khms alnjnI
fmWv. evanbmWv cm[bmbn ]ndnpffXv. `Khm
kzbw {IoUbvmbn ]e cq] ssIsmp.

I Gjm ssh ltcx kthizco khhnZym
`ymk k\m\o Irjv W {]mWm[ntZho tNXn
hnapttZhmkvX phn bkymKXnw hpw \
tNmXv ktl k ssh bky {]koZXn Xky
IXemhIenX kIe anXnGXm ahmb bx
Irjv W amcm[bnXp anXn kaqVXa tXn
AYsslXm\n \mam\n KmXn {ipXb
{iocm[ `Khm {ioIrjvWs kthiznbmWv.
Ah IrjvWs kthizcnbmWv. Ah IrjvWs
{]mWm[nI{]nbbmWv. \mep thZfpw cm[sb kvXpXn-
pp. {_m\nIfmb ap\nIv cm[sb kw_-
np KoXfdnbmw. BbpjvImew apgph hnhcn-
mepw Xocm hn[w cm[bpsS KpWKW A]mc-
amWv. cm[bpsS ktmjn\v ]m{XamIphv ]ca-
[maw e`npp. cm[sb AhWnv IrjvWs\s
Bcm[nph ]caaqVmcmWv. thZ Cu Imcyw
FSpp]dbppv .
cm[m cmtkizco caym Irjv W m a{m[n
tZhX m khmZ ym khh ym N hr mh\
hnlmcnWo hrm cm[ym cam f tij tKm]o
aWv U e ]qPnXm kXym kXy]cm kXy`mam
{i oI rj vW h `m h nj `m\ p k p X m tK m] o
aqe { ] I r X nc oi zc o K h m c m[ nI m c ay m
c p I v anW o ] c t ai zc o ] c mX v] c X m] q m
]qN{ \n`m\m\m `pn apn {]Zm\nXyw
`h hym[nhn\min\o
cm[, cmtaizco, cay, IrjvW , a{m[ntZhX,
khmZy, kha\y, hrmh\ hnlmcWn, hr, cm[ym,
cam, Atij tKm]o aWvUe ]qPoXm, kXykXy]c,
1cp{Z- l r- Z - t bm- ] - \ n- j v
imn- ]mTw
Hmw kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl-s\u `p\p kl-
hocyw Ic-hm-h-ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am
hnZzn-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
N P
750
kXy`ma, {ioIyjvW h`, hrj`m\pkpX, tKm]oaqe
K
{]IrXn, Cuizco,Kh, cm[nIm, cay, ]ctaizco,
]cmXv]cm, ]qN{\n`m\\, `pnapn{]Zm, \nXy,
`hhym[n, hn\min\n, Ch cm[bpsS hntijWfmWv.
C tX y X m\ n \ mam \ n bx ] t c X v k
Pohptm `hXn CXyml lncWyKt`m `Khm
\nXn kn\o Xp [mb `qjW imk\mZn an{X
`rXym Zncqt]W ]cnWX arXyp temImhXcW
Imte amXr ]nXr cqt]W Nm f kn ZnXyt\Imh
X mc I mc W m\ i nk vX p t {X
incnXn C `qXm ambm kXzcPkv X tam
abo _lncwKm PKXv I mcW `qXm sskhm
hnZymcqt]W Pnh _\`qXm {InbminkvXp
e oe m i nc nX n b C ama p ] \ nj Z a [ otX
tkm{hXo {hXo`hXn k hmbp]qtXm `hXn cm[m
Irjv W {]ntbm `hXn k bmhp ]mXw
]wo ]p\mXn Hmw XXv kXv
Cu \ma sNmph Pohpmcmbn
`hnpp. {_mhv Cu Imcyw FSpp]dbppv.
cm[bpsS kn\oin, hkXn, B`cW, i,
Bk\w, XpSnbhbpw an{X tkhImZne_v[ npw
{]tbmP\sSpXmWv. kXzcPkvX tamKpWmIbmb
tZlPKn\v ImcW`qXbmIpp. ambbmWv Ahn
ZybpsS cq]n Pohs\ _\n s]SppXv.
`Khms {Inbmin XsbmWv eoem in. Cu
D]\njp hmbnp {hXlo\\pw {hX]q\mbn
ocpp. Ah hmbphns\mw ]cnip\mIpp.
At As ]cnip\mbn Ah KWnsSpp.
Ahs ZrjvSn ]XnbpnSsamw ]cnipamIpp.
cmt[m]\njv kam]np.
3
]c-{_w R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn--
tW. R cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-]m-en--tW.
R cp-t]cpw Hcp- anv Ign-hp- I hfp-am- dm- ItW.
R ]c-k] v cw hntZzjw Ie-cm-Xn-cn--tW. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
 751

I 1. lcn Hmw 7. tb Zznjn hncq-]mw K

lrZbw Ipeo `kva tX Zznjn P\m\w
cp{Zm KW Zi\w tb cp{Zw \m`n-Pm-\n
Xmc-kmcw alm-hmIyw tX \ Pm\n tIihw
]-{_-mn tlm{XIw 8. cp{ZmXv {]htX _oPw
2. {]Way inckm ]mZu _oP-tbm-\nP-\m\x
iptIm hymk-ap-hmN l
tbm cp{Zx k kzbw {_m
tIm tZhx kh-tZ-thjp
tbm {_m k lpXm-i\x
Ikvan tZhm khix
9. {_ hnjvWp-atbm cp{Z
3. Iky ip{iq-j-Wm-nXyw
An-tjm-am-Iw PKXv
{]oXm tZhm `hn ta
]pnwKw kh-ao-im\w
Xky XZz-N\w {ipXzm
kv{XoewKw `K-h-Xypam
{]Xyp-hmN ]nXm ipIw
4. k0h-tZ-hm-tIm cp{Zx 10. Dam-cp-{Zm-nImxkhmx
kth tZhm inhm-Ix {]Pmx mhc PwKamx
cp{Zky ZntW ]mtiz hyw kh-ap-a m-c q]
chn{_m {Xtbm bx ahyw Xp atl-izcw
5. hma-]mtiz Dam tZho 11. Dam i-c-tbmtKm bx
hnjvWpx tkm tam f ]n tX {Xbx k tbmtKm hnjvWp cpNytX
bm Dam km kzbw hnjvWp bkvXp Xkvssa \a-kvImcw
tbm hnjvWpx kx ln N{ax IpcymZv `n-ka
- -\znXx
6b tb \a-kyn tKmhnw
inhs\ tZzjn-p--h hnjvWp-hn-s\bpw tZzjn-p-
tX \a-kyn iIcw p. inhs\ a\-n-em-m--h hnjvWp-hns\ a\-n-em-
tb f bn lcnw `ym p-n-. Fs- m ihns Xs- bmWv kIe Pohn-I-
tX f bn hrj-[zPw fp-sSbpw krn-Im-hv. hnjvWp _oP-cq-]- hp-am-Wv. An-
cp{Z-lr-Z-b-n {]W-h-ns aqe-XXzw {]Xn-]m-Zn- tkm-am--I-amb hnizhpw cp{Z Xs.- kr-n-bn ]pnw-
p-p. tbmK Ip-en-\n, `kva Pm_m-ew, cp{Zm Pm_m- K-cq-]-n- ep kh-{]m-Wn-Ifpw cp{Z\pw kv{Xoenw- Km--
ew, KW-]Xn Fo D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw Cu hnjbw {]Xn- I-amb kh {]mWn-Ifpw Da-bp-am-Ip-p. Cs\ mh-
]m-Zn-p--h\ - -bm-W.v c-Pw- K-a-cq-]-n- ep kI-e-kr-nbpw cp{Z\pw Da-bp-am-Ip-
Hcn- ipI-tZ-h Xs ]nXmhpw alm m\n-bp- p. Ahy {]]w cp{Z-sbpw hy-{]-]w Da-bp-
amb hymks ]mZ- -fn inc- nv ]dp: GXp tZh- sS-Xp-am-W.v Dam-a-tl-iz-c-mcpsS kwtbm-K-am-Wv hnjvWp.
\mWv Fm tZh-m-cnepw hkn-pv? GXp tZh-\n-emWv hnjvWp-hns\ \a-kvIc - n-p--h `ntbmsS ]c-{_--
kI-eXpw hkn-p-Xv? GXp tZh\w D]m-kn-m-emWv tmSv tNcp-p.
Fm tZh-mcpw Fn {]k--cm-Ip-Xv? Cu tNmZyw
12. Bm\w ]cam m\
tIv XXz-m-\n- bmb hymk ]dp: `K-hm cp{Z- \n
kI-e-tZ-h-mcpw hkn-p-p. At-l-ns he-p-`m- a-cm-m\ tah N
Kv kqcy\pw {_hpw Kml-]-Xyw, Zn-Ww, Al-h- mXzm {Xnhn-[-am-m\w
\obw Fo aqv An-Ifpw hkn-p-p. CS-Xp-h-iv ]c-a m- m-\-am-{i-tbXv
Dabpw hnjvWphpw N{\pw nX sNp-p. Cu aqp
13. A-cmm `thXv {_m
t]cnepw Xn bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw C. Fs- m
Da Xs-bmWv `K-hm hnjvWp. hnjvWp Xs-bmWv ]c-amm atl-izcx
tkma. tKmhn-s\ \a- kI v - cn-p--h in-sbbpw \a- kth-jm-tah `qXm\mw
kvI-cn-p-p. hnjvWp-hns\ ]qPn-p ` hrj-[z-P-
hnjvWp-cmm k\m-X\x
\mb i-c-s\-s ]qPn-p-p.

N P
 752

I 14. Aky ss{Xtem-Iy-hr-ky 21. cpt{Zm thZ Dam imkv{Xw K

`qau hnS-]-im-Jn\x Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
A{Kw a[yw XYm aqew cpt{Zm hr Dam ho
hnjvWp {_ atl-izcmx Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
15. Imcyw hnjvWpx {Inbm {_m 22. cpt{Zm KxDam ]pjv]w
ImcWw Xp atl-izcx Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
{]tbm-P-\mw cpt{ZW cpt{Zmx Acx tkma
aqn-tcIm {Xn[m IrXm Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
16. [tm cpt{Zm PK-ZznjvWpx 23. cpt{Zm enwK-apam ]oTw Xkvssa Xssky
kh-m\w ]nXm-alx \tam \ax
{iocp{Z cp{Z cpt{ZXn 24. kh-tZ-hm-Iw cp{Zw
bkvXw {_qbmZv hnN-Wx \a-k vIp-cymXv ]rYIv
Io-\ mXv kh-tZ-hky ]rYIv G`n a{-]-ssZ-tch
\a-k ym-ao-i-] mhXow
kh-] mss]x {]ap-NytX
25. b{X b{X `thXv km[
kIe Pohn-If- p-sSbpw Bmhv hnjvWphpw A-
anaw a{-ap-Zo-c-tbXv
cm-mhv {_mhpw ]c-am-mhv cp{Z-\p-am-Ip-p. ss{Xtem-
Iy-am-Ip hr- ns sImp-I ]rYzn-bn hym]n-n- {_lm Pe-a-t[yXp kh ]mss]x {]ap-NytX
cn- p- p. AXns A{Kw hnjvW phpw {Iobm-c q]w cp{Z \c\pw Da \mcn-bp-am-Ip-p. tZh\pw tZhnpw
{_mhpw aqe-`mKw cp{Z\pw Imcy-cq]w hnjvWp-hp-am-Ip- \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z {_mhpw Da #mWn-bp-am-Ip- p. tZh\pw
p. {Inbm-c q]w {_hpw Imc-W-cq]w cp{Z-\p-am-W v. tZhnpw \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z hnjvWphpw Da evan-bp-
Cs\ `K-hm cp{Z Xs- bmWv {]tbm-P-\-a-\p-k-cnv am-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a- kvIm-cw. cp{Z kqcy\pw Da
Xs aqp cq]- kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. {]]w hnjvWp- Omb-bp-am-Ip- p. cp-t]pa \a-k vI m-cw. cp{Z
cq-]hpw m\w {_-cq-]hpw [w cp{Z-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p. tkma\pw Da Xmc-bp-am-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a-kvIm-cw.
m\n cp{Zs \maw P]n-p-p. AXns ^e-ambn cp{Z ]Iepw Da cm{Xn- bp-am-Ip. cp-t]pw \a- kI v m-
Ah kIe tZh-m-cp-sSbpw \maw P]n-p--Xn-sbpw cw. cp{Z bhpw Da thZn-bp-am-Ipp. cp-t]pw
^e-a-\p-`-hnv ]m]-ap--\mbn `hn-p-p. \a- k vI m- c w.cp{Z hn-b pw Da kzml-b p-a m-I p- p.
Ahv \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z thZhpw Da imkv{X-hp-am-
17. cpt{Zm \c Dam \mco
Ipp; cp-t]pw \a-kvIm-cw. cp{Z Khpw Da
Xkvssa Xssky-\tam \ax ]pjv] -h p-a m-Ip-p. cp-t]pw \a-k vIm-cw. cp{Z
cpt{Zm {_m Dam hmWo Ahpw Da A-hp-am-Ip-p. Ahv \a-kvIm-cw.
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax cp{Z enwK- hpw Da ]oT-hp-am-Ipp. cp-t]pw \a- kI v m-
18. cpt{Zm hnjvWp-cp-am-e
- ao cw. kh-tZ-hm--I-\mb cp{Zs\ {]tXyIw \a-kI v c- n-p-
I. Rm a{-m Dam atl-iz-c-msc \a-kI v -cn-psIm-
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax
n-cn-p-p. FhnsS GXp \ne-bn Ign-mepw kZm
cp{Zx kqcyx Dam Ombm Xkvssa Xssky Cu a{w P]n-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. Pe-n Ignv Cu
\tam \ax a{w P]n-m {_-l-Xym-m-c\pw ]m]-a-hn-ap-- \m-Ipw.
19. cp{Z-tkm-a-D-am-Xmc 26. khm-[n-jm-Tm-\-a-Zzzw
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax ]cw {_ k\m-X\w
cpt{Zm Znhm Dam cm{Xnx kn Zm\--cq]w X
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax Zhm-Mv am-\ -k-tKm-N cw
20. cpt{Zm-b Dam thZn 27. Xkvan kphn-ZntX khw
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax hnm\w kymZnZw ipI
cpt{Zm hn-cpam kzmlm XZm--I-XzmXv khky
Xkvssa Xssky \tam \ax XkvamZv `nw \ln IzNnXv
N P
 753

I 28. tZz hntZy thZ-Xthy ln 35. mt\-ss\h lo kwkmc K

]cm ssNhmN cm N tX hn\mtim ss\h IWm
X{Xm-]-cmXp hnss`yjm t{im{Xnbw {_-\njvTw kZv
EtKztZm bPp-tch N Kpcpw Kt-Zy-Ym-hn[n
29. kma-t h-Z-kvXY
- m-Y -h 36. Kpcp-kvXkvssa ]cmw hnZymw
thZx inm ap\o-izc ZZymZv {_m t_m[n\ow
Ievt]m hymI-cWw ssNh Kplm-bmw-\n-lnXw kmm
\ncpw O Gh N Zcw thZ tNcx
30. tPymXnjw N bYm \m 37. OnXzm hnZym-a-lm-{Knw
hnjbm A]n _pbx inhw KtXv k\m-X\w
AssYh ]cam hnZym XtZ-X-Z-arXw kXyw
bbmm ]c-am--ca XZv t_mhyw apap-p`nx
31. b-Z-t{Zm-iy-a-{Kmly 38. [\p-kvXmcw itcm-lymm
atKm{Xw cq]-h PnXw {_ Xy apNytX
ANpx t{im{X-a-Xyw A{]-a-t\ thhyw
XZ-]mWn ]Zw XYm ic-h--tbm `thXv

32. \nXyw hn`pw kh-KXw kpkqvaw NX-Z-
hybw XZv`q-X-tbm\nw ]iyn [ocm Bm-\-am-
\n
k\m-X-\phw khm-[n-jvT-\hpw at\m-hm-K-Xo-Xhpw
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-hp-amb ]c-{_-s \ t]mse Adn-
bp-- h kq cl-kyhpw Adn--h-\m-bn-o-cp-p.
Fs- m B ]c-{_--n \np `n-am-b-sm-p-an-
. CsXmw AXns cq]w Xs. ]cm Fp A]c Fp
cp hnZy-If - p-v. Ev, bPp-v, kmaw. AYhw Fo
\mep thZ-fpw in, Iev]w, O-,v hymI-c-Ww, \ncp-
w, tPymXnjw Fo Bdp imkv{X-fpw A]-cm-hn-Zy-
bm-Wv. CXn B-hnjba- m asm _unI
m\hpw tNn-p-v. B-m\w ]cm-hn-Zy-bm-emWv
e`n-p--Xv. AXmWv A\-iz-c-amb ]c-a-X-Xzw. AXv AZr-
iyhpw A{Km-ly-hp- am- Wv. AXn\v \matam cq]tam tKm{Xtam
C. Ic-Nc- -W--fn- . AXv hnj-bm-Xo-X-am-Wv. \nhn-Im-c-
am-Wv. kh-n-sbpw B{i-b - m-\-am-Wv. m\n B
]c-am-m-hns\ Bm-hn Zin-p-p.
33. bx khx kh-hntZym
bky m\-abw X]x
Xkvam-Z-{Xm--cq-t]W PmbtX PK-Zm-henx
34. kXy-h-mXn Xhw
cp-k-hZm nXw
XtZ-X-Z-cw kXyw
XZzn-mb hnap-NytX
39. eyw kh-KXw ssNh
icmx kh-KtXm apJx
thm-k h- K-X-s sh
inh-eyw \ kwibx
t`mr cq]-nepw ap hn[-n-ep-ap hnizw {]I-
S-am-Ip-Xv {_-n \np-am-Wv. B {_w kh-
hpw kIe hnZy-I-fp-sSbpw B{i-b-m-\-hp-am-Ip-p.
AXns X]v m\w Xs. kXy- sap tXmn- n-p
Cu hnizw Ib-dnse k {]XoXn t]mse {_-n
nXn sNpp hnizw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. {_w Ahn-\m-
inbpw kXy-hp-am-Wv. CX-dn-bp hyn tamw {]m]n-
pp. I- m {]]--]miw tOZn- -s- Sn- . m\w
sImp am{Xta AXv km[n-q. AXn-\m apapp {_-
\n-jT v \pw t{im{Xn-b-\p-amb Kpcp-hns\ iWw {]m]n--Ww.
Kpcp Ah\v Bmhpw ]c-am-mhpw Hm-sW m\w
\Ip ]cm hnZy ]Tn-n-Ww. Kplm-\n-ln-Xhpw Ahn-
\m-in-bpam {_s kmm-XvI-cn-p hyn-bpsS
Ahn-Zy-bm-I p _\w tOZn--s-Sp-p. AtXmsS
]pcmW ]pcp-j-\mb inhs kmao]yw e`n-p-p. Aar-
Xm-- Ia - mb Cu kXyw apap-p--fmb km[-I-m Adn-
n-cvI-Ww. {_-am-Ip ey-n\v {]Whpw hnpw
Bmhv Ap-am-Ip-p. AXns\ tOZn-m Bekyw
shSn-bW - w. {_-n eyw t`Zn-p-hm _mWw
{Inbm-\n-cX - -am-bn-cn-p-Xp t]mse apgp-I-Ww. {_-am-
Ip eyw kh-l-X-amWv Bmhv kh-tXm-ap-J-amWv
km[-I kh-K-X-\m-bm inh-\m-Ip eyw kwi-b-
te-i-sat\y {]m]n-mw.

N P
 754

I 40. \ X{X N{-hhpx {]Im-itX ico-c- am- Ip hr-n hkn-p-p. Poh-\m-Ip ]n

K
\ hmn hmXm kIem tZh-Xm I-am-Ip ^ew `n-p-p. Fm ]c-am-m-hm-
Ip ]n AXnse I-^-em-\p-`-hs kmo-cq-]-
k Gj tZhx IrX-`m-h-`qXx
n t\mn-sm-n-cn-p--tX-bp-p. amb-bpsS in-
kzbw hniptm hncPx {]Im-itX sIm-mWv B-] -c -am t`Z-k-ev]w `hn-p- -X v.
AhnsS N{-s bpw kqcy-s bpw {]Im-i -a n; bYm-n Nn-b-amb Poh kmm ]c-am- mhp
AhnsS Im-Sn-p-n-. hmbp-hnt\m A\y-tZ-h
- mtm Xs. Poh-\nepw Cuiz-c-\nepw Nn{Zq-t]m-]m-[nsb kw_-
Fm Ign-bp-n-. A-s\-bp ]c-am-mhv Xs n BIm-c-t`Zw sImmWv Cu t`Zw ]cn-e-n-X-am-Ip-
\n-ehpw \nKp-W-hp-amb cq]-n {]Im-in-p-p. Xv bYm-n Ah Xn t`Z-an-. t`Z-ap-s-n
cn-sbpw Nnz-cq]w \jvSvam-Ipw. PU-am-Ip D]m-[n-
41. Zzu kp]u ico-tc-kvan
bm-emWv Nnn \npw Nnn\v t`Z-ap-sp k-ev]-
Poth-imJyu kl nXu ap-m-Ip--Xv. AXn\v NnZm-Im-c-X-bn \nv t`Z-an-. t`Z-
XtbmPnhx ^ew `qMvt Zrn PU-n \nm-Wp-m-Ip--Xv. NnXvL-\-kz-cq-]-amb
ItWm \ atl-iz-I. ]c-am-mhv kI-e-hn-i-hvn\p B{i-b-am-W.v ]c-am-hm
Rm Xs- bm- W.v F Nnm-K-Xn-bn ap\n-am hoX- tim-
42. tIhew kmn-cq-t]W
I-m-cm-bn- o-cp-p.
hn\m-t`mKw atl-izI
{]Im-itX kzbw t`Zx 49. kzi-cotc kzbw tPymXnx
Iev]ntXm ambbm Xtbmx kzcq]w khw kmoWw
43. LSm-Im-i-a-Sm-Imiu oW-tZmjmx {]h-iyn
bYm-I m-i -{]-t`-ZXx t\Xtc ambbm hrXm
Iev]nXu ]cau Poh 50. Ghw cq]-]-cn-m\
inh-cp-t]W Iev]nXu bkymkvXn ]c-tbm-Kn\x
44. Xz-X inhx kmm Ip{X-NnZv Ka\w \mkvXn
nn-h kzXx kZm Xky ]q-k z-c q-]nWx
Nnn-Zm-Im-ctXm `nm 51. BIm-i-taIw kqw
\`n-m, Nnz lm\nXx Ip{X-Nn-ssh KXn
45. NnX-n--Nn-Zm-Im-cm XZzXv kzm ]cn-m\o
`nZytX PU-cq-]Xx `nZytX tNtUm t`Z Ip{X-Nn-ssh KXn
ntZIm khZm Jep 52. k tbm l ssh XXv ]caw {_ tbm t#Z
ssh ap\nx {_ssh `hXn kzx kn-Zm-\
46. X-X {]am-Wm amXrIx CXyp-]-\n-j -v.
NntZ-I-X z-hy-h- ntXx
tZmj-hn-ap--cmb a\p-jyv am{Xta kh-km-
NntZ-I-Xz-]- cn- mt\
nbpw kzbw tPymXn-kz-cq-]-amb ]c-am-m-hns\ kmm-
\ timNXn \ aplyXn XvIc- n-m km[n-p-I-bp-q. ambm Pme-I-n-eI - -s
47. AssZzXw ]c-am-\x Poh\p AXns\ ImWm km[y-a-. Cu hn[-ap B-
inhw bmXn Xp tIhew kz-c q-]-m\w t\Snb kn-mcpw ]cn-]q-cp-amb
hyn-I Hcn-Spw t]mIp-n-. hcp-p-an-. ]cn-]q-
48. A[n-jvTm\w ka-kvXky
amb BImiw Hcn-Spw t]mIp-n--tm. AXp-t]mse
PKXx kXy NnXv L\w B-X-Xz-a-dn-bp alm-mhpw Hcn- Spw t]mIpn-. ]c-
Al-a-kvaoXn \nnXy {_-s Adn hyn kn-Zm-\-c - q-]vX-Xn \ne-
hoX-timtIm `th-p\nx sImv kzbw ]c-{_--ambn hn- p-p.

Bmhpw ]c-am-m-hpw-am-Ip cp ]n-I Cu cp{Z-lr-Z-tbm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

Q
N P

I K
1cp{Zm-Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km-\n-hmIv {]Wm-px
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-]-\n-j Zw amlw {_-\n-c m-Ipcyw am am
{_ \ncm-It- cmZ \ncm-Ic- W akvXz-\n-cm-Ic
- Ww
ta Akv X p XZm- \n \nctXb D]- \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kptX abn kp. Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
Fs AwK- ]cn-] pjvSn {]m]n- -s. hmv
{]mW, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw Fn-hbpw inbpw C{n-b-
fpw ]cn-]p-jvS-am-I-s. CXv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_-am-
Wv. Rm CXns\ \ncm-Ic - n-p-n-. {_w Fs ]cn-
Xy-Pn-m-Xn-cn-s
- . F\npw B {_-n\pw Xn
At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-I-s. {_-\n-c-X-\mb Fn
D]-\n-jZ- p---fmb [- nXn sN-s. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
1. AY ssl\w Imem-n-cp{Zw `qkpWvUx ]{]--
IYw cp{Zm-tm-Xv]nx Xm-cW
- mXv Inw ^e-an-
Xn.
]ns `qkp-WvU Imem-n-cp-{Z-t\mSv tNmZnp:
"cp{Zm--ns DXv]-n-sb--nbpw AXv [cn-p-X- p-
sIm-p ^e-s- - nbpw ]dp Xm-epw.'
2. Xwtlm hmN `K-hm Iem-n-cp{Zx {Xn]p-c -h-
[m-alw \nao-en-Xm-tm-`-hw. tXt`ym Pe-_n-
thm `qau-]X- n-XmkvtX cp{Zm-mx-ZP
- mXmx khm-
\p-{K-lm-amb tXjmw \mtam-m-cW amt{XW
ZitKm {]Zm-\-^ew Zi\ kv]i-\m-`yw. ZznKpWw
^e-aX Du[zw hpw \ iIvt\man;
At-l-tmSv `K-hm Imem-n-cp-{Z ]dp:
"Rm {Xn]p-cm-kp-c-msc h[n-p--Xn\v kam-[n--\mbn
Ip-I-f-S-p. Atm In \np Pe-_n-p- `qan-
bn ]Xn-p. Ah-cp-{Zm---fmbn Xop. khm-\p-{K-
lmw Rm ]d-bpp Ah-bpsS \mtam-m-c-W-am-{X-
bn Xs ]p ]ip-sf Zm\w sNp ^ehpw
Zi-\-kv]i-\m-Zn-I-fm AXns Ccn ^ehpw e`n-p-
p. CXn IqSp-Xsempw F\nv ]d-bm-\n-.
3. Xss{XtX tmImx `hn Ikvanw
nXw Xp Inw
\ma IYw hm [mcytX \sscx
IXn-t`-Z-ap-Jm-\y{X ssIa-ss{ [mcytX IYw
N P
755
3
CtX-n tmI--fp-v. AXv FhnsS nXn-sN-p-
p. FmWv t]cv? F-s\-bp a\p-jy-cmWv CXv [cn-
p-Xv? Ah F{X-hn-[-ap-v. GsXmw a{--fm
Fs\ [cn--s-Sp-p.
4. Znhy-hj kl-{kmWn Np-cp-o-eoXw abm
`qam-]
- n-]p-Sm-`ywXp ]\nXm Pe_nhx
5. X{Xm{ip _nthm PmXmx alm
cp{Zm hrImx
mh-cXz a\p {]m]y-` - m-\p-{K-l-Im-cW
- mXv
6. `m\mw [mc-WmXv ]m]w Znhm-cm{Xn IrXw
ltcXv ew Xp Zi-\mXv ]pWyw
tImSnkX-m-c-Wm-`z-thXv
Xky tImSn iXw ]pWym e`-tX-[m-c-
W-cx e
tImSn kl-{kmWn e-tImSn iXm\n N
Bbncw Znhy-kw-h--c-p tijw Rm Ip-
I Xpd-p. Atm Ip-If - n \nv `qan-bn ]Xn
Pe-p-n-I alm-cp-{Zm---fmbnop. `-m-
cpsS A\p-{K-l-n\v AXv mh-c-ambn `hn-p. cp{Zmw
[cn-m `-m-cpsS cm{Xn-bnepw ]Iepw sNbvX ]m]-
\kn-p-p. Im ew ]pWyw; [cn-m \qdp-
tImSn ]pWyw; cp{Zmw [cn-p-sImp P]n-m a\p-
jyv tImSm-\p-tImSn ]pWyw t\Sm Ign-bp-p.
8. Xvhm-`- tX ]pWym \tcm cp{Zm-[ - m-c-WmXv
[m{Xn-^e- -{]-amWw bXv t{ijvT taX
ZpZm lrXw.
9. _Z-co-^-e-am{Xw Xp a[yaw t{]mNyptX _pss[x
A[a NW-am{Xw kymXv {]In-ssbjm
atbm NytX.
cp{Zmw sImp P]n-m AXv [cn- m-ep
]pWyw e`n-pw. s\nm {]am-Wa - p cp{Zm--amWv
t{ijvTw. e-m-bv Xpey-am-bXv a[y-a-sapw IS-e-
bv-sm-Xpw A[a-sapw ]d-bp-p. C\n AXns
{]{In-b-sb-n ]d-bmw.
10. {_mWmx {Xnbmx sshiymx
iq{Zm-tXn inhm-bm
hrYm PmXm {]Ynhymw Xp Xm-Xobmx
ip`m-Imx

I 11. tizXmkvXp {_mWm tbmx
{Xn-b-c--h Imx
sshiym hnmbmx IrjvWm ip`m
DZm-lrXmx
]c-ai
- n-hs BPvR-bm B awK-fI
- -ca
- mb cp{Zm-
-n \nv {_m-W, {Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z
Fo \mep PmXn-bns] hr- Dm-bn. shfp
cp{Zm-s {_m-W-s\pw Nph-X - ns\ {Xn-b-
s\pw asb sshiy-s\pw Idp-Xv iq{Z-s\pw
]d-bp- p.
12. {_mtWm _n`r-bmXv tizXm cm
cmPm Xp [mc-tbXv
]oXm sshiykvXp _nZy-bmXv
IrjvWm iq{ZkvXp [mc-tbXv
13. kamx kv\nKv[m ZrVmx qemx
IssI kwbpXmx ip`mx
Iran ZjvSw `n-`nw I
ssIlo-\-tah N
14. {hW-bp--a-bpw N jUv cp{Zmm
hnhP-tbXv
kzb tah IrXw Zzmcw cp{Zmw
kymZn-tlm-aw
Dcpv kv\nKv[hpw _e-ap-Xpw kvYqehpw app-
Xpw ip`-sav Icp-Xs- -Sp-p. IoS- ISn-Xv On-
`n-w, apn-m-Xv {hW-amXv ka-a-m-Xv Ch
hn--Ww. kzbw Zzmc-ap-Xv D-aa - m-Wv.
15. bp ]ucp-j-b-tXm\ IrXw X [yaw `thXv
kam kv\nKv[m ZrVm qem
ua kqt{XW [mc-tbXv
16. kh-Kt- {XW kutay\ kmam-\ym\n
hnN-Wx
\nItj tlatcJm`m Nky tcJm {]Zr-iy-tX.
17. XZ-a- p-aw hnZymXv XZv [mcyw inh-]q-ssIx
inJm-bm-ta-Ic
- p-{Zmw {XniXw
inckm htlXv
]pcp-j-{]-b-Xv\ -m Zzmc-ap-m--h a[y-aw.
kv\nKv[-Zr-V-q-e --fmb cp{Zm--sf ]p-\q-en
tImv [cn--Ww. Ah kuay-kp-c kam-\K - pWw
tN-hb - m-I-Ww. NmW-bn-ep-c-m kz-tc-J-t]m-en-cn-
p-Xv D-aw. inh-`--m AXmWv [cn-t--Xv.
inJ-bn Hv, Xe-bn ame-t]mse \qen tImv
ap-sXw [cn-p-I.
18. jvSv{XnwiXw Ktf Z[ymXv _mtlmx
tjmUi tjmUi
aWn-_t ZzmZ-ssih kvIt
]-iXw htlXv
N P
756
19. AjvtSm--ci
- s
- sXamem ap]-hoXw ]c-Iev] K
tbXv {Xnkcw {Xnkcw hm]n kmcmWw
]Iw XYmx
20. kcmWmw k]vXIw hm]n-_n-`r-bmXv
IcWw tZiXx
aIptS IpWvUte ssNh IWnIm
lmctI]n hm
Igp-n 36, Ccp `pP-fnepw 16 hoXw, aWn-_-
-n 12, tXmfn 15 Cu hn[w cp{Zmw [cn-W - w.
108 cp{Zm-- sImp ame-bp-mn ]qWqt]mse
[cn--Ww. ctm aqtm Atm Gtgm In-I IWvT-
n [cn-pI. IncoSw IpWvUew ISp- Fo cq]-
nepw [cn-mw.
21. tIbqc IStI kq{X Ipn _t hnti-jXx
kp]vtX ]otX kZm-Imew cp{Zmw
[mctb cx
22. {XniXw Xz[aw ]-iXw a[y-a-ap-NytX kl
{kap-aw t{]m-tahw t`tZ\ [mc-tbXv
\qen tIm ame tIbqc IS-I - nepw Ac-
bnepw [cn--Ww. Dd-p-tmgpw DWn-cn-p-tmgpw
[cn--Ww. apqdv [cn-p-Xv A[ax Aqdv a[yaw;
Bbncw Daw Cu \ne-bn cp{Zm-- [cn-p-I.
23. ic-ko-im\ at{W IWvtT XXv
]pcp-tj-W Xp
AtLm-tcW Ktf [mcyw tXss\h
lrZtbm ]nhm
inc-n ""Cuim\x kh hnZym\mw'' F a{w
sImv; IWvT-n XXv]p-cp-jmb hnZvat- l...' FXp-
sImv Igp- n AtLm- tct`ymw F-Xp- sImv Cs\
IWvT-nepw s\nepw cp{Zmw [cn-p-I.
24. AtLmc _oP-a-t{W Ic-tbm
[m-c-tbXv kp[o
]m-i-Z-{- KYn Xm thyma
hym]yhn tNmZtc
25. ] {_-`ncw ssK {Xnamem
]-k]vX Nn
{KYnXzm aqe-a-t{W khmWy
mWn [mc-tb-Xv.
hnZzm-m cp ssII-fnepw AtLm-c-_o-P-a{w
sImv cp{Zmw cp ssII-fnepw [cn-p-Ibpw cp{Zm-
-a-y- nse Zzmc-n A apX hscbp A-
c-sf FgpXn \a-n-hmb F ]m-c a{w A`n-a-
{nv {]mW-{]-Xn-jvTm-Zn-I sNbvXv aqe-a-{-tm-Ssb
aqtm Atm Gtgm Cg-I-fmbn [cn-W - w.

I 26. AY ssl\w `K-hw Imemn
cp{Zw `qkpWvUx ]{]-
Zp{Zm-mWmw t`tZ\ bZpm bXv kzcq]w
bXv ^e-an-Xn. XXv kzcq]w
apJ-bp amcnjvS
\nc-k\w Imam-`ojvS ^ew {_qloXn
tlmhm-N.
]ns `K-hm Imem- n-cp-{Z-t\mSv `qkp-Wv U
tNmZnp cp{Zm t`Z-a-\p-k-cnv GXp cp{Zm--v
GXmWv kzcq]w FmWv ^ew? AXv Fs\ ZpcnXw
ian-n-pp? Fs\ Dn-X-^-e-{]m-]X v n-bp-m-Ipp
CsXmw ]d-p-Xc - n-I.
27. Xss{XtX tmImx `hn
GI h{w Xpcp-{Zmw ]c-XX - z-kz-cq-]Iw
Xm-c-WmXv ]tc-XtXz eobtX hnPn-tX-{nbm
28. Zznh{w Xp ap\n-t{i-jvT, Nm
\mco-izcmIw
[mc-Wm-Z-\m-coix {]nbtX Xky \nXyZx
29. {XnapJw ssNh cp{Zm-{- Z-a-n-{Xb kzcq-]I - w.
Xm-cW
- m lpX-`q-ky XpjyXn \nXyZm
30. NXpapJw Xp cp{Zmw NXp a{-kz-cq-]Iw
Xm-c-W m- X
- ph-{mx-{]o-btX
Xky \nXyZm
31. ]-a{w Xp cp{Zmbw ] {_ kzcq-]Iw
]-h{ kzbw {_ ]pwl-cymN
hymt]m-lXn
32. jUvh {a]n-cp-{Zmw Imn-tI-bm[n
ssZhXw
Xm-cW
- mXv alm{io kym al
Zmtcm-Ky-ap- -aw.
GI apJ-amb cp{Zmw ]c-XXz kzcq-]a - m-sWpw
AXv [cn-m C{n-b-sf Pbn-p ]cm-XX - z-n 42. NXpZi apJw-Nmw cp{Z-t\{X kpZv`hw
ebn-p-sapw Icp-X-s-Sp-p. ap\n-t{i-jvT, cp-ap-J-ap
cp{Zmw A-\m-coiz kzcq-]-amWv AXv [cn-m A-
\m-co-iz-c {]k-\ - m-Ipw. aqp apJ-tmSp IqSn-bXv
An-kz-cq-]a - m-Wv. AXp [cn-m An-tZ-h {]k--
\m-Ipw. Ap apJ-ap-Xv ]-ap-J-\mb inhs {]Xo-
I-am-Wv. AXp [cn-m `K-hm ]-ap-J ]pcp-j-l-
Xysb Zpco-I-cn-p-p. Bdp apJ-ap cp{Zmw `K-hm
Imn-tI-bs kzcq-]-am-W.v AXp [cn-m al-mb
sFiz-cy-ap-m-Ipw. Btcm-Kyhpw e`n-pw.
33. aXn hnm\ kn iptb [mc-tbXv
kp[ox hn\m-b-Im[n ssZhw N {]h-Zn
a\o-jnWx
N P
757
CXns\ hnZzm-m KtWi kzcq-]s
- av Icp-Xp-p. K
_pn, hnZy, sFizcyw Chbv v CXv [cn- p- Xv
D-aw.
34. k]vXh - {w Xp cp{Zmmw k]vXa - m-em[n
ssZhXw Xm-cW - m-lm {iokym
al-Zm-tcmKy ap-aw.
35. alXn m\-k - nx ipNn[m-cW - Xx kZm
AjvT-h{w Xp cp{Zm-a - -jvSam
{Xm[n ssZhXw
36. hkz-jvTI {]nb ssNh KwKm {]oX-Icw
XYm, Xm-cWm Znta {]oXm `thbp:
kXy-hmZnx
37. \h-{iw. Xpcp-{Zmw \h iym[n ssZhXw
Xky [mcW amt{XW {]nbt \h ibx
38. Zi-h{w Xpcp-{Zmw ba-ssZh Xyao-cnXw
Zim-{]-imn P\Iw [mc-Wm-m{I kwibx
Ggp-ap-J-ap cp{Zmw k]vX-tem-I-am-Xm--fpsS
kzcq]w tN-Xm-W.v AXp [cn-m sFiz-cyhpw Btcm-
Kyhpw ssIh-cpw. ipn-tbmsS [cn-m m\w e`n-
pw. AjvS-ap-J-tmSp IqSn-bXv Aj-S-am-Xm--fpsS kzcq-
]-am-Xm-W.v AXv AjvS-h-kp-pw {]nb--c-am-Wv.
AXp [cn-m KwKm-tZ-hnbpw {]k--bm-Ip-p. H]Xp
apJ-ap cp{Zm--ns A[n-tZ-hX \h-i-n-bm-Wv.
AXv [cn-m \h-i-n-Ifpw {]km-Zn-p-p. ]p apJ-
ap--Xns A[n-tZ-hX ba-\m-Wv. ba-\mWv AXv Zi-\-
am-{X-bn Xs imn \Ipw AXv [cn-m imn
e`n-p-sav kwi-bm-Xo-X-am-Wv.
39. GIm-Zi- a
- pJw Xzw cpss{ZIm Zi ssZhXw
XZnZw ssZhXw {]mlpx kZm
ku`mKy h\w
41. {Xtbm Zi-apJw Xzw ImaZw innZw ip`w
Xkymx-[m-cW amt{XW Ima-tZhx {]ko-Z-Xn.
kh-hym[n lcw ssNh khZm
tcmKy am]v\p-bm-Xv.
]Xn-s\m-p-ap-J-ap cp{Zm--ns tZhX GIm-Z-
i-cp-{Z-m-cm-Wv. AXv ku`m-Ky-h-I-am-W.v ]{p apJ-
ap-Xv alm-hn-jvWp-kz-cq]w ZzmZ-im-ZnXy cq]-amWv AXv.
Xmev]c - y-ap ]ecpw AXv [cn-p-p. AXp [cn-m
Ima-tZ-h {]km-Zn-p-p. ]Xn-mev apJ-ap-Xv cp{Zs
Ip-I-fn \npw khn-tijw Dm-b-Xm-W.v AXv kh-
hym-[n-l- chpw Btcm-Ky-Zm-b- I-hp-am-Ip-p.
43. aZyw amwkw N eip\w ]emWvUp
in{Kp-ta-hN
tjvam-XIw hnUvhc- m-l-a-`y h-tb-cx

I cp{Zmw [cn-p-h- aZyw, amkw, shfp-p-n,
Npa-pn, apcn--, tjvam-XI
- w, hnUz-cmlw Fo
]Zm- ssIsh-Sn-b-Ww.
44. {KltW hnjp-th, ssNh-a-b-t\-
kw-{Ita ]n N
Ztijp ]u-am-tkN ]qtjp
Znh tkjp N
cp{Zm [mc-WmXv kZyx kh ]mss]x
{]ap-NytX
{KlWk-a-b w, hnjp (Xpemw taS-am-k- -fn)
cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Xpey-amb Znh-kw) kqcy {Imn Ab-
\-]c
- n-h-\w, Aam-hm-kn, ]u-an, ]q Znh-kw
Cu L--fn cp{Zmw [cn-m thK-n ]m]-hn-ap-
n-b p-m-Ipw.
45. cp{Zm-a
- qew XZv{_ Xmew
hnjvWp-tc-hh N
XpJw cp{Z CXym-lp-kvXZv _npx
khtZ hXmx
cp{Zm- - ns aqe-` mKw {_mhpw \mf-` mKw
hnjvWphpw apJ-`mhw cp{Z\pw _np- kh-tZ-h-mcpw
BsWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
46. AY Imemn cp{Zw `K-hw k\Xv Ipamcx
]{] "A[oln `K-hm cp{Zm [mcW hn[nw'
Xkva n katb \nZmL PU-`-c X Zm- t{Xb
ImXym-b\ `c-ZzmP I]ne hknjvT ]n-em-Zm-Zb
Imem-n-cp{Zw ]cn-kt- atXy Npx AY Imemn
cp{Zx Inanw `h-Xm-am-K-a-\a
- nXn tKmhm-N. cp{Zm
[mcW hn[nw ssh kth t{iXp-an-m-atl CXn.
]ns k\Xv Ipam-c Imemn cp{Z-t\mSp tNmZn
p: ""`K-hm-s\, Av cp{Zm [mc-W-hn[n ]dp Xc-
Ww.'' Atm \nZm-L, PU-`-c-X , Zm-t{X-b,
ImXym-b-\, `c-Zzm-P, I]n-e, hkn-jT v , ]n-em-Z
XpS-nb ap\n-am Imem-n-cp-{Z\p Npp-an-cp-p. h-sX-
m-s Wp tNmZn- -t m Ah ]dp: "`K-h ,
Rs-m-hpw cp{Zm [mc-W-hn[n Adn-bm-\m-
{K-l-ap-v .
47. AY Imem ncpt{Zx t{]mhmNx cp{ZWy \b-
\m-Zp-X v]mx cp{Zmm CXn temtI Jymb-t,
AY kZm-inhmx kwlmc Imte kwlmcw IrXzm
kwlm-c mw apIp- fo-I - tcm- X n. X-b -\ m- Xm
cp{Zmm CXn tlmhmN XkvamZv cp{Zm-Xz anXn
Imemn cp{Zx t{]mhm-N.
Imem-n- cp-{Z ]dp: "cp{Zs t\{X--fn \npw
D-hn--Xp-sImv cp{Zmw Fv {]kn--am-bn. `K-hm
kZm-in-h kwlm-c-Im-ev kI-eXpw kwl-cn--tkjw
N P
758
{]]--kw-lm-c-Ia
- mb Xs t\{X-aS- -bvp-p. AXn
K
\np--hn--XmWv cp{Zm-w.
48. XZv cp{Zmt hmKzn-jtb IrtX Zi tKm {]Zm-
t\\ bXv ^e-ap-hm-]vt\mXn XXv ^e-a-iv\pX k
Gj `kva tPymXo-c p-{Zm CXn. X{Zp- {Zmw
ItcW kv] pjv Szm [mcW amt{XW Zznk-l{k
tKm{]-Zm-\-^ ew `h-X n. X{Zp-{Zmt I-tbm
[mcy-amtW GIm-Zi kl{k tKm{]-Zm\ ^ew
`h-Xn. GIm-Zi cp{ZXzw N K-Xn. X{Zp {Zmt
inckn [mcy-amtW tImSn-tKm-{]-Zm\ ^ew `h-Xn.
"GXmjmw m\m\mw Itbmx ^ew hpw
\ iIy-anXn tlmhmN!
cp{Zmw hmn\p hnj-b-am-n-bm ]p ]ip-
sf Zm\w sNp ^ew knn- p- p. cp{Zmw
ssIsImp sXmv [cn-m am{Xw cm-bncw ]ip-sf
Zm\w sNbvXm-ep ^ew Dm-Ipw. AXv sNhn-bn [cn-
m ]Xn- t\m-cm-bncw ]ip-sf Zm\w sNbvXm-ep ^ew
Inpw. IqSmsX GIm-Zi cp{Z-Xzhpw e`n-p-p. inc-n-e-
Wn-m tImSn tKmZm-\-^-e-am-Wv. Ch-bpsS m\--
fp-sSbpw I--fp-sSbpw ^ew ]d-bm {]bm-kw.
49. b Camw cp{Zm Pm-_m-tem-]\ - n-jZw \nXy-a-
[otX _mtem hm bphm hm thZ ka-lm `h-Xn.
kKpcpx kthjmw a{-W m-ap-] -tZjv Sm `h-X n.
GssX-tch tlmaw Ipcym-Xv. GssX-tc-hm\w
XYm-c -tmLv \ w arXyp-Xm-c Iw Icp-W m-e _v[ w
IWvtT _mlu-in-J mbmw hm _[v \oX k]vX
Zzo]-h Xo `qan Zn- W mw \mh-I ev] n tX
XkvamZv {ibm bmw Imw NnZv Kmw ZZymXv km
ZnWw `h-Xn. b Cam-ap-]\ - nj {_mWx kb-
a- [ o- b mt\ m Z nh - k - I r X w ] m] w \ mi - b - X n.
a[ymt [obm\x jUvP IrXm-]m]w \mi-
bXn kmbw {]mXmx-{]-bp-RvPt\m At\-I-P-I - r-
Xw-]m]w \mi-b-Xn. jSv kl-{k-e Kmb-{Xo-P]
^e-am-]vt\m-Xn, {_-lXym kpcm-]m\ kz-
kvt Xb Kpcp-Z m-c -i-a\ Xw-tbmKw ]mX-tI-`y.
]qtXm `hXn kh Xo ^e-a-i--tX. ]XnX
kw`m-j-Wm-Xv]qtXm `hXn. ]wn iX kl-{k-
]m]vt\m `h-Xn. inh-km-bq-Py-a-hm-]tv \m-Xn. \N ]\-
cm-h tX \ N ]yp\ cmh-tX. CtXymw
kv Xyan-X yp- ]-\n-j- v.
Cu cp{Zm--Pm-_m-tem-]\ - n-jv \nXyhpw A[y-
b\w sNp--h _met\m bphmthm Bcm-bmepw alm-
\m-Ipw. Abm kh-a-{--fp-sSbpw D]-tZ-jvSm-hmIpw.
Ch- sImv tlmahpw ]qPbpw \S--Ww. Itm-L\ v hpw
arXyp-lm-c-I-hp-amb cp{Zmw Kpcp-hn \npw kzoI-cnpw
Igp-nepw ssIIfnepw inJ-bnepw [cn--Ww. AXn\v
Ggp Zzo]p `qan apgp-h ZnW sImSp-mepw aXn-

I bm-hn-. AXn-\m {i-tbmsS Fp sImSp-mepw Zn-
W-bmIpw {i-t bmsS Cu D]-\n-jpw A[y-b\w
sNp {_m-Ws cm{Xn sNbvX ]m]w \in-p-p.
Dbvv A[y-b\w sNbvXm Bdp Pw sNbvX ]m]w
\in-pw.
Imepw sshIopw A[y-b\w sNbvXm At\-I-
P---fnse ]m]w ian-pw. Bdm-bncw ew Kmb{Xo
a{w P]n-p ^ew Inp-p. {_-lX - y, aZy-]m-\w,
1 cpt{Zm-]-\n-jv
hniz-a-tbm-{_m-Wx inhw {]PXnw {_mWx
]m-c a\p-`-hXn {_mWx inh ]qP-cXx inh-
`n hnlo-\-tXv k NWvU me D]-N-mex
N X p th - Z - P vtR m] n b i nh ` k G h
{_mWx A[-a--mtem ]n inh-` - . tXv
{_mmXv t{ijvT -Xcx {_mW kv{Xo ]p{
{h X x k G h {_ m W x i nh `t tc h
{_mW inh-enwKm \-bp-X- - me lkvXh - n-
`qXn ipm Krl-m\mw \n-eh - n-`qXn X]-kzn-
`nx kh `kva [mcyw bZzm inh `nx kw]pjvSw
kZm]n XZv ZknX tZh-Xm-[mcyw
hniz-a-b-\mb {_m-W inh-k -ao-] -sa-p-p.
Ah ]m-cw A\p-`-hn-p-p. inh-]q-Pb - n cX-
\m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw \ax inhmb F ]m-cw kZm
ssIImcyw sNp--h-\mWv bYm {_-m-\n.
NXp thZ--\m-bmepw inh-`-n-c-ln-X-s\-n Abm
Nm-fX - p-ey Xs. {_m-W {Xn]pw [cn-p-
-h\- m-IW- w. AXn-emWv Ahs {_m-W-Xzw. inh-`-
n-bm am{X-amWv Ah {_m-Ws - \--dn-b-s-Sp-I.
inh-enwKw ]qPn-ph Nm-f-\m-bmepw {_m-W-
t\-m t{ijvT- \m-Wv. inh-`- - \mb Nm- f \Ip
`kvaw b-n-te-m ip-am-Wv. `kvaw aqp Xc-
n-ep-v. Nne-Xn\v sNns \nd-am-bn-cn-pw. NneXv
sh-bm-Wv. NneXv Aev]w ]pI-h-n as]m-Sn-
tbmSp ka-am-bn-cn-pw. hnc- - m-cmb X]-kzn-Ipw
ip- cmb Krl--mpw kz-`-kva-amWv A\p-tbm- Pyw.
inh-`-\v GXp hn[-n-ep-Xpw kzoI-cn-mw.
N P
759
kz, tNmc-Ww, Kpcp Zm Km\w Ch-bpsS ]m]-fpw K
\in-pw. kI-e-Xo--fnepw kv\m\w sNp ^ew
Inpw. ]Xn-X-cp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNbvX-Xns ]m]hpw
\in-pw. Abm At\I tImSn-Po-hnIsf ]cn-ip-\ - m-
ph\mbn `hn-p-p. inh-km-bqPyw e`n-pw. ]noSv
Ah P-a-cW - t- iw A\p-`-hn-tn hcn-. Cs\
cp{Zm Pm_m-tem-]-\n-j-p.
cp{Zm--Pm-_m-tem-]-\n-jv Ah- km-\n-p.
3
An-cnXn `kva hmbpcn Xn `kva e-anXn
`kva Pe-anXn `kva thymtaXn `kva CXym-Zyp-]-
\-\n-j-XvIm-c-WmXv Imcyw A\y{X hniz-Xp
cpX hniz-Xo-aptJm hniztXm lkvX DX hniz
]mXv kw _mlp`ymw \aXn kw ]X- \ ymhm
]rYnho P\- b tZh GIx Xkv a mXv {]mW
enwtKm inhx inhx {]mW-enwKo PSm-`k
- va-[-tcm]n
{]mW-enwtKm ln t{ijvTx {]mW-enwKo inh-cq]x
{]mW-e nwKo PwK-a -c q]x inh Gh PwKa cq]x
{]mW-enw-Kn\mw ip knn\ `hXn {]mW enwKn
\mw PwKa ]qPym\mw ]qPy X]-k zn\mw aqV-
m tem ]n{]mWm-enwKo XkvamXv {]mW-
enwKo hntij CXymZn b Ghw thZ k inh cp{Z
Gh-cp{Z {]mW-enwKo \mt\ym `hXn
An, hmbp, Pew, ew, BImiw kI-eXpw `kva-
a-b-am-Ip-p. AXp a\-n-emn `kvaw [cn-t--Xm-Ip-
p. Cuiz-c Fm-bn-Spw Ip-Ifpw \mep-hi - pw
apJhpw \mep-`m-Kpw ssIIfpw \mep-hi - pw Imep-
Ifpw D-h-\m-sWv {]kn-a - m-W.v Atlw `qan-sbbpw
BIm-is - -bp-samw krjvSn-p. Atlw kI-epw
{]W-an-m tbmKy-\m-W.v Pe-Po-hn-Ifpw e-Po-hn-Ifpw
BIm- i-Nm-cn-I-fp-samw At-ls {]W-an-p-p. {]mW-
k-enw-Kn-bmWv inh. inh Xs-bmWv {]mW-enw-Kn.
CwK-ac - q-]\
- mWv inh. inh Xs PwK-a-kz-cq-].
{]mW-enw-Kn-I-fn X]-kzn-I-fn t{ijvT-cm-Wv. inh-`--
\mb Nm-f\pw t{ijvT-\mb {]mW-enw-Kn-bm-W.v {]mW-

I enwKn Xs t{ijvT. BXnYyw Adn-bph inh
Xs cp{Z. cp{Z Xs {]mW-enw-Kn. thsdm-cm-f
- .
Bm ]c-a-in-h-Zztbm Kpcp inh KpcpWmw
kh hniz-anZw hniz-a-t{W [mcyw ssZhm [o\w
PK-Z nZw XZv ssZhw Xm- {XmXv X\ptX Xt
ssZhw Kpcp-c nXn KpcqWmw kh- m- \ nXmw
Kpcpam Z-ta-X-Zw ]c-{_ {_m kzm\p `qXn
Kpcp intJm tZh Kpcp inh Gh enKw D`-tbm-c`- n-
-XzmXv b{X Kpcp-kvX{X inhx inh-Kp-cp-kz-cqt]m
atl-izc inh-tbm-Kn\ inh-]q-Pm-]tY Kpcp ]qPm
hn[u N atl-izc inh-tbm-Kn\ inh ]qPm-]tY
Kpcp-]qPm hn[u N atl-izc ]qP-\m-apm enwKm-
`n-tjIw \nmey Kptcm-c` - n-tjI Xow atl-
iz-c -] m- tZm-Z Iw P-a m- e n-\ yp- m-f-bn tXjmw
{]oXn inh-{]oXn tXjmw Xr]vXn inh-Xr]vXnw
ssX ]mh\o hmk tXjmw \nc-k\w inh \nc-
k\w B\ ]cm bWx Xkvam-nhw {hPp Kpcpw
{]Pp ]tXyh ]mh\w
Cu Bmhv {_-cq-]hpw inh-cq-]-hp-am-Ip-p. Kpcp-
in-h-cq-]-am-Wv. Kpcp--mv Cu hniz-samw inh-a-{m-
1 emwKq-tem-]-\n-jv
imn]mTw
Hmw B]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
px t{im{XatYm_ean{nbmWn N khmWn
khw {_tm]\njZw amlw {_ \ncmIpcy
amam {_\ncm ItcmZ\ncmWakvXp A\ncmI
cWw ta kvXp XZmm\n \nctX b D]\njXv
kp [mkvt X abn kp tX abn kp Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
Fs Awi ]pjvSn {]m]ns. hmv {LmWw
Npv _ew kth{nb Fmw ]pjvSn {]m]n-
s. kIe D]\njpIfpw {_ kzcq]fmWv.
F\nv {_s ]cnXyPnm\nSbmIcpXv. {_w
Fs ssIshSnbmXns. D]\njv [
Fn \nesImffpamdmIs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
N P
760
-I-am-t-X - p-v. Cu {]]w tZhm-[o-\-am-Wv. a{m-
K
[o-\-amWv ssZhXw B ssZhw Xs Fs Kpcp. Kpcp-
-fmepw kh--m-cpsS Kpcp-hmepw \nn-X-amb Cu
Aw ]c-{_ cq]-am-Ip-p. kzm\p-`hw sImp thWw
{_w a\-n-em-m. tZh-\mb inh Xs ]c-aK - p-
cp. Kpcp-hmb inh enwK-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. \ncm-Imc {_-
ns Nn-amWv inh-enw-Kw. FhnsS Kpcp-hpv AhnsS
inh-\p-v. B atl-iz-c Kpcp-kz-cq-]-\m-Ip-p. {`a-IoS
knm {]Imcw kZm inhs\ Bcm-[n-p km[-I
kzbw inh Xs Bbn-o-cp-p. inh-enw-Ks A`n-
tjIw sNp-Xp sImv kIe ]m]-fpw Zqc-n-em-
Ip-p. Kpcp-hns\ ]qPn-pXpsImpw inh\v A`n-
tjIw sNp-X - p-sImpw Pm-c ]m]fpw Zqc-n-
em-Ip-p. kI-e-scbpw kvt\ln-p-Xpw inh t{]aw
Xs. kIe Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw kwXr]vXn inh-sbpw
kwXr-]vXn-bm-Wv. temI \nc-k\w inhs \nc-k-\-am-Ip-
p. Cu t_m[hpw hnth-Ihpw D-h Fpw B\--
bp--\m-bn-cn-pw. inhs\ icWw {]m]n-p-I. Kpcp-hns\
icWw {]m]n-p-I.
cpt{Zm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
1. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xn? Antch khnXm
khnXm ]rYnho kmhn{Xo k b{XmnkvX Xv
]rYnho b{X hm ]rYnho X{XmnkvtX tZz tbm\n
kvXtZIw anYp\w
2. Ix khnX m Im kmhn{Xn? hcpW Gh
khnXm B]x kmhn{Xn k b{Xm hcpWkvXZm
t]m b{X hm Xm]kvXZv hcpW kvtX tZz tbm\n
XtZIw anYp\w
3. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo hmbptch khnXm
BImi kmhn{Xo k b{Xhmbpkv X ZmImtim
b{X hm BImikvXZzmbp kvtX tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
4. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo b Gh khnXm
Omwkn kmhn{Xn b{X b kvX{XOmwkn
 761
I b{X hmOmwkn k b kv t XtZztbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
5. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xn? kvX\bnXv\ptch
khnXm hnZypXv kmhn{Xo
Xmsg sImSpncnp {Iaa\pkcnv AwK\ymkw
sNWw.
Hmw `px \tam AwKpjvT m`yw \ax inctk
kzmlm Hmw `ph Xtam XP\o`ymw \ax inctk
kzmlm Hmw kz \tama[yam`ymw \ax inJmssb
hjSv Hmw alxA\manIm`yw \ax t\{X{Xbmb
h j Sv Hmw P \ x I \ nj v T nI m`y mw \ ax
t\{X{Xbmb hjvSv Hmw X]x IcXehrjvSm`yw
\ax Akv{Xmb ^Sv
ssIIqn IpI ASv h{PmwKw ]nwK t\{Xw
Fp XpSnb [ym\tmIw sNmWw. C{XbpamWv
am\tkmhNmcw. ]qPnXn\ptijw
Hmw \tam `KhtX `mhm\e Imemn l\p
atX P\{intbm PbPohnXmb [hfoIrXPK
{b h{P tZl h{P]p h{PImb h{PXp
h {P a p J h {P a p J h {P _ m tl m h {P tc ma
h{Pt\{X h{PZ h{Picoc kIemImb
{i oa I c ] nwK f m D{K { ] fbI me c u{Z
hocm`{ZmhXmc, ic`kmess`chtZmZem
]pcn Zl\ DZ[newL\ Zi {Koh IrXm
koXmhnizmk, Cuizc]p{X ARvP\KZv kw`qX
DZb`mkvIc _nw_\f {KmkI tZhZm\h Ejn
ap\nhy ]mip]Xmkv{X {_mkvss{X _e\m
cmbWmkv{ X ImeinImkv {X ZImkv {X
]mimtLmc \nhmcW ]mip]Xmkv{X {_m
kv{X ss_ehmkv{X \mcmbWmkv{XayU kh
in {Kk\ aamcmIc ]chnZym \nhmcW
B hnZym kwcIAnZo]v X AYhW
thZkn kv{XoImemn \ncmlmcI_mlpthK
at\ m th K {i o c maX mc I ] c {_ h ni z
cq]Zi\ evaW {]mW{]XnjvTm\Ic e
Pemn a t`Zn kh i{Xq Onn aa
sshcnWx JmZb JmZb UmIn\o hn[zwkt\\
kp{Koh kJyIcW \njv I f Ipamc{_
Nmcn ZnKw_c kh]m] kh]m] kh{Kl
IpamcKrl khw tOZb tOZb t`Zb `nn
`nn JmZb JmZb SwI SwI XmUI XmUI
amcb amcb timjb timjb Pzmeb Pzmeb
lmcb lmcb tZhZw \mib\mib AXn
timjb AXntimjb aa khw N l\pam
c c Hmw {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv tL
tL kzmlm
N P
Hmw \tam `KhtX N {]Xm] l\patX K
almhocmb khZpxJ hn\mimb {KlaWv Ue
`qXae t{]X ]nimN Xe kthmm\b
A X n` b c P zc amtl i zc P zc h n j vW p
Pzc{_Pzc thXmf {_cmk Pzc]n
Pzc tjva kn]mXIPzc hnjaPzc ioXPzc
GImlnI Pzc, ZzmlnI Pzc ss{XlnI Pzc
NmXpnI Pzc AamknI Pzc amknI Pzc
jmknI Pzc kmwkcnI Pzc AyKX
Pzc alm]kva mc Pzc {ianIm]m\w t`Zb
t`Zb JmZb JmZb {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv
tL tL kzmlm
\tam `KhtX NnmaWn l\patX AwKiqe
An iqe incqe Kpev]iqe DZc iqe t\{X
qe KpZiqeISIiqemPm\piqe LeUmiqe
lkvX iqe ]mZiqe Kpev^ iqe hmXiqehn
iqe hmbp iqe kv X \iqe ]cnWmaiqe
]cnLm iqe ]c_mWiqe Ziqe Ipniqe
kpa\iqe khiqem\n \nqeb ssZXyZm\h
Iman\o thXmf {_cmk tImemle \mK
]mim\hmkpIn XX ImtmSI enwK ]Xv
aI IpapZ PzctcmK ]m imlX alm amco Ime
]mi hnjw \nhnjw Ipcp Ipcp Hmw {lmw {low
{lqw lpw ^Sv tL tL kzmlm
Hmw {low {iow ow mw ow p Hmw \am
`KhtX ]mXmf KcpUl\patX ss`h _\ KXP
knwtlmfo ]mi_p tOZb tOZb {]fb
amc p X I me m n l \ p a tX i r J e m_ w
tambtamb kh{Klw tOZb tOZb aa
kh ImcymWn km[b km[b {]kmZw c
Hmw {lmw {lnw {lqw {lo tamw ss{`{kmw
mw ow {Imw {Iow{lmw {low {lw ss{lw {]x
{lmw {low lp J J Pb Pb amcW taml\
Lq Lq Za Za amcb J tJ {lmw {low
lpw lqw
^Sv tL tL kzmlm
Hmw \tam `KhtX Imemncp{Zl\patX
{`mab {`mab eh Ipcp Ipcp Pb Pb lk lk
amZb
amZ b {]P zeb ar Ub ar Ub {X mk b
{Xmkb kmlk kmlk hib hib imab
imab Akv{X{Xniqe Uac JKx Ime arXyp
I]me JSzmwK Jc Aab izmizX lpw lpw
AhXmb AhXmb lpw lpw A\ `qjW ]c
X{ ]cb{ iX iX kl{k tImSn tXPx
]pRv P ap t`Zb t`Zb Anw _ b
kh{Klw _b _b A\mZn ZpjvS\m
 762

I Km\mw hnlw l\l\ k hhnjw _ b apIfn kqNnn hn[n am\knI ]qP sNbvX
K
_b h{P Xp DmSb amcW taml\ Xn\p tijw Xmsg sImSpp a{ DcnWw.
hioIcW kv X w`u Ppw`WmIjtWmmS\ a{ D]tbmKsSpn tlmahpw \Smw.
aneu hntZzjW bp XamWn _b
1. Hmw \tam `KhtX `mhm\e Imemn
_b Hmw Ipamco ]Z{Xnl mc {_mWn{K
l\patX c
aqtb {Kma hknt\ AXn ]qimb
c Hmw {lmw {low {lqw lpw ^Sv
khmbp[ [cmb kzmlm Abmb tL tL
tLtL kzmlm
tL tL Hmw eee {Lm {Lu kzmlm Hmw lemw
leow leq lpw lpw tL tL kzmlm 2. Hmw \tam `KhtX NnmaWn l\patX
\nhnjw
Hmw {imw {iow {iqw {iw Hmw \tam ZK ]tX Ipcp Ipcp tL tL kzmlm
`{Z Pm\nIS cp{Z hoc l\patX Sw Sw Sw ew ew
3. Hmw {low {iow ow mw ow pw Hmw \tam
ew tZhZZnKw_ccmjvSalmityjvSmwK[c
`KhtX
Ajv S almss`ch \h{_kzcq] ZzmZim
]mXmf KcpU l\patX hmcb hmcb
tXP {XtbmZi tkmaapJ hoc l\pam
tL tL kzmlm
kvXw`n\o tamln\o hiIcnWo X{ I kmh
bh \Kc cmPapJ _u_e kpJaIcapJ 4. Hmw \tam `KhtX Imemn cp{Z
knwl Pnlzm apJm\n _b _b kvXw`b l\patX {Lm {Lm
kvXw`b hym{LapJ kh hynImn Pzmem kzmlm lpw ^Sv tL tL kzmlm
hnjw \nab \nKabkhP\ sshcn apJw 5. Hmw {imw {io {ipw ss{i {i \tam
_ b _ b ] m] l c h oc l \ p am `KhtX `{Z Pm\nI
CuizcmhXmc hmbp \\ ARv P \o kpX cp{Z hoc l\patX lo lo kmKc
_b _b {iocma N{tkhmIx Hmw {lmw lo lo hm hw
{lmw {lmw Bb {lmw mw {Low {Iow bw t` kh a{mmYhW thZ knnw
{`{Zx lSv JSv JSv khP\ky Zriw e emw {iow Ipcp Ipcp kzmlm
{low {low a\x kvX w `b kvX w `b `RvP b
Cs\ cmaN{\pw inh\pw hoc`{Z\pw hoc`{Z
`RvP b A{Znw {low {low a\x kvXw `b kvXw
AhtcmSpw ]dp.
`b `RvP b `Rv Pb A{Znw {low h{low {low
khw low low kmKc lo lo aa kh a{ bmsXmcph {]`mXnepw a[ymnepw ky
X{ knw Ipcp Ipcp kzmlm {iocma N{ pw CXv ]Tnpp. Abmv kIeXpw e`nm\nS
Dhm] {io almtZh DhmN {io hoc`{ZkvX u hcpp.
DhmN {Xn kyw b ]tTcx emwKptem]\njv kam]np.

1 h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw B]ym-bp aamw-Km\n hmIv {]mW-p
t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn khw
{_tm-]-\n-jZw amlw {_ \ncm-Ipcymw am am
{_ \ncm-Itcm Z\n-cm-I-c-W-a-kvXz-\n-cm-I-cW ta
AkvXp XZm-\n \nctX b D]-\n-jp [m
3
kvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw imnx imnx
imnx
Hmw Fs AwK--fpw, hmv, {]mW, Np-v,
t{im{Xw, _ew, C{n-b- Fn-hbpw ]pn {]m]n-
tW. Fmw D]-\n-j-Zp- -amb {_-a m-W v. Rm
{_s \ncm-Ic - n-m-\n-S-bp-m-Im-Xn-cn--tW. {_w

N P

I {_s \ncm-Ic- n-m-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn-tW. {_ Fs
]cn-Xy-Pn-m-Xncn--tW. F\npw {_-n\pw Xn
At`-Zy-amb _w Dm-Im-\n-S-h-c-tW. Rm {_- n
\nv AI-em-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn--tW. B-]c
- -m-cmb hyn-
Iv bmsXmcp [- tkhy--fmbn D]-\n-j - p-
I A\p- im- kn-p-tm Ah Fn \ne-sIm-- tW. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
1. Hmw h{P-kqNnw {]h-yan
imkv{X- a- m-\ -t `-Z\w
`qjWw m\lo-\m\mw
`qjWw m\-N - pjmw
Am- \s \in- n- p- Xpw m\- lo-\v `qj- 5. Xln PmXn {_mW CXn tN X{X
W-am-bn-tXm-m-hp-Xpw m\-N- p-p-Iv `qj-W- hp- PmXy-- c -P- p-j z- t\-I- Pm-Xn-k w-` -h m- l jtbm
amb h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]-\n-j-n-s\-n ]d-bmw.
2. {_- -{Xnb sshiy-i q{Zx CXn NXzmtcm
hm- k v t Xjmw hm\ mw {_m W Gh
{][m\ CXn thZ-h-N-\m-\p-cq]w kvarXn-`n-c-]yp-w.
X{X tNmZy-akvXn tIm hm {_tWm \ma, Inw
Pohx, Inw tZlx, Inw PmXnx, Inw m\w, Inw
I, Inw [mnI CXn
{_m-W, {Xn-b, sshiy, iq{Z Fv \mep-
h-fpv. Ch-cn {_m- W {][m- \- \m- sWv Fp
thZw A\p-im-kn-p-p. kvarXn-I-fnepw As\ ]d-n-
cn-p-p. ChnsS tNmZy-ap-Zn-p-Xv {_m-W Bcm-sW-
m-Wv. Ah Poh-\mtWm tZl-amtWm PmXn-bmtWm
m\-amtWm I-amtWm? [mn-I-X-Xz-amtWm?
3. X{X {]Ytam Pothm {_mW CXn tN
AXo-X m-\ m-K-X m-t\-I -tZ-l m\mw Poh-s sky-I -c q-] -
XzmXv GI-kym]n I-h-im-Z-t\-I-tZ-l-kw-` -hmXv
k h- i - c o- c mWmw Poh- s s k yI cq] - zm- .
Xkvam Pothm {_mW CXn.
Poh-\mWv {_m-sWp ]d-m AXn\v km[y-X-
bn- . `qX-`-hn-jy-XvIm-e--fn At\Iw ico-c--fn Dm-
bnpXpw `mhn-bn Dm-Im t]mIp--Xp-amb Poh
Fmw Hp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.
Im-\p-k-c- W-am-Wv At\Iw ico- c-- fn AXv P\n-
p--Xv. Fm ico-c-p Poh\pw GI-`m-ha - m-Wp--
Xv. AXp-sImv Poh {_m-W-\m-Ip-hm Xc-an-.
4. Xln tZtlm {_W CXn tN-\ . B
Nm-em-Zn-]-cy-m\mw a\p-jymWmw ]m-`uXn
ItXz\ tZlky GI-cq-]-XzmXv Pcm-a-cW [m-
[m-Zn-km-ay-Zi-\mXv {_m Wx tizX hx
{Xntbm c-hx sshiyx ]oX-hx iq{Zx
IrjvW-hx CXn \nb-am-`m-hmXv ]n{Xm-Zn-i-c oc
Zlt\ ]p{Xm-Zo\mw {_-l-Xym-Zn-tZm-j-kw-`-hm
N P
763
Xkvam--tZtlm {_mW CXn K
tZl-amtWm {_m-W F tNmZyw DZn-m-hp--
Xm-Wv. AXp km[y-a-. Nm-e apX kIe a\p-jy-
cp- sSbpw icocw Hp-t]mse Xs ]-`q- Xm- - I- am-W-tm.
Ah-cn hm-Iyw, ac-Ww, [w, A[w Fn-h-
sbmw Hp-t]m- se-bm- Ip-p. {_m-W shfp--\n-d- m-
c\pw {Xn- b Nph--\n-d-m\pw sshiy a\nd-m-
c\pw iq{Z Idp--\n-d - m-c \pw Bbn-cn- -W -s av
bmsXmcp \nb-a-hp-an-. am{X- a-, ]nXm-hn-sbpw ktlm-Z-
c-sbpw ico-cZ- m-l{- In-b-I sNp--Xp-sImv ]p{Xm-Zn-
Iv {_-lX - ym-Zn-tZm-j
- kw`-hn-p-n-. AXp-
sImv tZlhpw {_-Wm-\m-Im Xc- an-.
_lhx kn Ejy-i rwtKm artKymx, IuinIx
Ipim-Xv, Pmw_ptIm Pw_p-Im-Xv, hmevaotIm hevao-
Im-Xv, hymkx ssIh-I-\y-Imbmw ii-]r-jT v mXv
KuXax hknjvT Dhiymw AKkv X yx Ieti
PmXn CXn {ipX-X zmXv GtXjmw PmXym hn\m-
]ymt{K m\- { ]- X n-] m- ZnXmx Ejtbm _lhx
kn. Xkvam PmXn {_W CXn.
PmXn-bm-bn-cn-ptam {_m-W? AXp km[y-a-.
ImcWw `n PmXn-bns] Pohn-I-fn \npw At\Iw
aljn-am P\n-n-p-sv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. amt]-S-bn
\n Ejy-irw-K\pw Ipi-bn \n Iuin-I\pw Pw_p-I-
\n \nv Pmw_p-I\pw hevao-I-n \n hmevao-Inbpw
app-h-Ip-am-cn-bn \n hymk\pw ii-]p-jvT-n \nv
KuX-a\pw Dh-in-bn \n hkn-jT v \pw IpS-n \n
AK-kvXy\pw P\np F ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Cu aljn-am-
sc-m-hcpw PmXn IqSmsX Xs apn-\m Xs m\n-
I-fm-bn-cp-p. AXp-sImv PmXn-bmWv {_m-W-s\v ]d-
bm \nhr-n-bn-.
6. Xln m\w {_mW CXn tN
{Xnbm-Ztbm f ]n ]c-am-Zint\m A`nmx
_lhx kn Xkvam--m\w {_mW CXn
m\w {_m-W-\m- Iptam? AXp ]d-bm \nhr- n-
bn-. ImcWw At\Iw {Xn-b-m ]c-am-Zin-I
Bbn-on- p-v. AXp- sImv m\w sImpw {_m-
W-\m-Ip-sa ]d-bp-hm km[y-a-.
7. Xln- I {_mW CXn tN k
thjmw {]mWn\mw {]mc-_v[-k-n-Xm-Kman I-
km-[y-Zk-\mXv Im-`n-t{]-cnXm ktm P\mx
{Inbmx Iph-oXn Xkvam I {_m-WC - Xn
Iw {_m-W-\m-Iptam? AXp ]d-bp-hm {]bm-
k-am-W.v Fs-m kIe Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw ]mc-_v[hpw
kn-X hpw BKm-an- bp-amb I- -f n km[yw

I ImW-s-Spp. AXn-\m I-m t{]cn-X-am-bn-mWv
Poh {]hn-p- Xv Xqew Iw {_m-W-\m-Im
Xc-an-.
8. Xln [mntIm {_mW CXn tN {Xn-
bm-Ztbm lnc-Wy-Zm-Xmtcm _lhm kn Xkvam
[mntIm {_m-WC - Xn
[mn-IX {_m-W-\m-Iptam? AXn\p km[y-X-bn-.
ImcWw At\Iw {Xn-bm-Zn-I kz-Zm\w sNbvXp
sImt Ccn-p-p. AXn-\m [mn-I\
- mb hynbpw
{_m-W-\m-Im sRcp-w.
9. Xln tImhm {_mtWm \ma, bx In-Zm-
m-\-a-Zzn-Xobw PmXn-Kp-W-{In-bm-lo-\w jUqn-
j-Uv`m-th-XymZn kh-tZm-j-c-lnXw kXy-m-\m-
\-m-\--kz-cq]w kzbw \nhn-I-ev]-a-ti-j-I-ev]m-
[m-c-a-ti-j-`q-Xm--cym-an-tXz-\-ham-\-avX _ln-
m-Im-i -h-Z-\ p-kyq-X-a-J- m-\ - -kz-`m-h-a-{]-ta-b-a-
\p-`s- sh-IhZya-]-tcm--Xb - m-`mk am\w Ic-X-e m-
a-e -I-h Xv kmm-Z-] -tcm- o-I rXy IrXmbm
Ima-cm-KmZn tZm jc-lnXx ia-Z-am-Zn-k-tm `mh-
am-cy XrjvWm imtam-lm-Zn-c-lntXm Zw`m-l-m-
cm-Z n- ` n- c kw ]r- tNXm hX Gh ap- e -
tWm b k Gh {_mW CXn {ipXnkvarXn
1 ic-t`m-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWp-bma tZhm `{Zw
]tiy am- ` n- c y- P - \ {Xmx nssc- c w- s sK- k vX p-
hmw kkvX- p-` nhy-tia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \ ]qjm
hniz thZmx kzkvXn \kvXmtym Acn--t\anx
kzkvX n t\m _rl-k v] - X nZ-[ mXp Hmw imnx
imnx imnx
tZh-m-sc, R I--fm awKfw {ihn--s.
Ip-IsImv awKfw ImWtW. kpZr-V--fmb AwK-
-fmepw ico-c-mepw \nsf kvXpXn-p-sIm-n-cn--s.
tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p Bbpp apgp-h
N P
764
]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-km-`n-{]mbx A\yYm ln {_m-WXz K
knn\m-k v tXyh kn-Zm- \ - m- m\ aZzn-X obw
{_-`m-h-tb-Zm-m\w kn-Zm-\w {_-`m-h-tb-Zn-
Xyp-] -\n-j-Xv.
B \ne-bn BcmWv {_m-W? AZzn-Xo-b-ambpw
PmXn-Kp-W- {In-bm-c-ln-X-ambpw jUqn-j-Uv`m-hmZn kh
tZmj-cl - n-X-ambpw kXy-m-\ kzcq-]-ambpw kzbw
hnI-ev]-lo-\\mbpw kIe Iev]-pw B[mc`qX-
ambpw kIe `qX--fnepw A-cym-an-bmbpw BIm-i-sa-
tmWw Dnepw ]pdpw hym]n- n- cn- p--Xm-bp]w AJ-
m-\ kzcq-]-ambpw A{]-ta-b-ambpw A\p-`-ssh-It- h-
Zy-ambpw {]Xy--tXz\ tim`n-p--Xm-bpw D Bm-
hns\ ssI-e-n-cn-p s\n t]mse kmm-Xv-
cnv IrXm-\mbpw Ima-cm-Km-Zn-tZm-j-c-ln-X- \mbpw ia-Z-
am-Zn-k---\mbpw am-cyw, XrjvW, Bi Ch shSn--
h-\mbpw Zw`w, Al-mcw Ch ssIhn--h-\mbpw bmsXm-
cm Ign-bpp Ah Xs-bmWv {_m-W Ft{X
{ipXn ]pcm-W--fn CXn-lm-k- Ch-bp-sS-sbms
A`n-{]m-bw. CXn \npw `n-ambn asmcp Xe-nepw
{_mWyw e`n-n-. Bmhp Xs-bmWv kn-Zm-\
kzcq-]-sapw AZzn-Xo-b-sapw [cnv a\p-jy {_-`m-
hs I-dn-tb--Xm-Wv.
h{P-kq-Nn-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
R A\p-`-hn-tW. alm-Ion-am-\mb C{\pw
kh- - \mb ]qjmhpw Rp \ sNtW. A{]-
Xn- tcm- [y- K- Xn- bmb Kcp-U Rv \ ssIh-cp-- tW.
_rl-k] v Xn Rv \ sN-tW. Hmw imnx imnx
imnx
1. AY ssl\w ss]-emtZm {_-W-ap-hm-Nt`m
`K-h, {_-hn-jvWp-cp-{ZmWmw at[y tImhm-[ n-
I- X tcm t[ybx kym- X z- t ah t\m{_q- l oXn
Xkvssa k tlmhmN ]nXm-a-l tl ss]-emZ
irWp hmIy-ta-X-Xv
_lq\n ]pWym\n IrXm\n tb\ I
tXss\h e`yx ]c-ta-iztcm f ku I
 765

I bkymw-KtPm lw lcn-cn-{-apJymx I hoc-`-{Z-s\-p-ap t]cp-If

- m Adn-b-s-p. K
tamlm Pm\n kptc-{-apJymx II 7. k GtIm cpt{Zm t[ybx I
Asmcn ss]-emZ aljn {_m-hn-t\mSv kthjmw kh-kn-tb I
tNmZnp: `K-hm-s\, {_m-h,v hnjvWp, cp{Z Ch aqp tbm {_Wx ]-a-h-{-lm I
t]cn IqSp-X [ym\-tbm-Ky-\m-cmWv? Cmcyw Av
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tamkvXp
Rv ]dp Xc-Ww. ]nXm-a-l-\mb {_mhv ]d-
p. ss]-em-Z, Rm ]d-bp-Xv tIq. bmsXmcp ]c- B cp{Z Xs-bmWv kh knn-Zm-Xmhpw kw]q-
ta-iz-cs AwK-n \npw Rm kw`q-X-\mtbm B Py\pw {_m- h ns ]- a pJw \in- n Bcp- {Z\v
]c-ta-iz-cs\ {]m]n-pI AXv alm ]pWy-im-en-bmb Hcp- \a- kI
v m-cw.
h\p am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. hnjvWphpw C{\pw apw
8. tbm hnkv^p-enw-tK\ eem-S-tP\ I
taml-h-im Ah-s\ Adn-bp-n-.
khw PKXv `kva-kmXv kwI-tcmXn I
2. {]`pw htcWyw ]nXcw atl-izcw I
]p\ krzm ]p\-c-]y-c--tZhw I
tbm {_mWw hnZ-[mXn Xkvssa I
kzX{w {]I-So-I-tcmXn
thZmw khm {]ln-tWmXn Nm{Kyw I
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp
Xw ssh {]`pw ]nXcw tZh-Xm\mw II
Xs s\n-bnse An sImv kIe PKpw `kva-
kI-epw {]`phpw t{ijvT-\p-am-Wh - . ]nXmhpw
ambn hopw krn-p. AXns\ kwc-n-p cp{Z\v \a-
]c- ta- iz- c- \p- am- Wv. Ah Xs {_m- hns\ [mcWw sNp-
kvIm-cw.
p. thZ-sf \n-bn-p-Xv Ah Xs. Ah
Xs {]`phpw tZh-]n-Xm-hpw. 9. tbm hma-]m-tZ\ PLm\ Imew
3. aam]n hnjvtWmP-\Iw I tLmcw ]t] f tYm lmem-lew Zlw
tZh-aoUyw tbm f x Imte Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tamkvXp
kh-tem-Im kwP-lmc II Xs CSs ]mZ-m Imes\ h[n--h\pw Pzen-
Fsbpw hnjvWp-hn-sbpw P\-I-\m-W-h. Ah p lmem- l ew ]m\w sNbv X - h - \ p- a mb cp{Z\v
Xs-bmWv temIm-h-km\ ka-bv kIe temc-I - - \a- kI
v m-cw.
sfbpw kwl-cn-p--Xv. 10. tbmhm-a-]m-Zmn-X-hn-j vW p-t\{X
4. k GIx t{ijvT kh imkvXm k Gh kvXkvssa ZZu N{I-a-Xoh lrx
hcn-jvT tbm tLmcw thj-am-mbm ic-`mJyw Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam AkvXp
atl-i zcx \rknwlw temI-l - mcw kwP-Lm\
alm-_ex BcpsS hma-]m-Z-n-emtWm hnjvWp Xs Ip- I
FSpv An- -Xv. BcmtWm kp--\mbn hojvWp-hn\p
Ah GI\pw t{ijvT\pw kI-eXpw `cn-p--h\pw N{Im-bp[w sImSp-Xv B cp{Z-\m-bn-smv \a-kI
v m-cw.
hcn-jvT- \p- am- Ip- p. B alm- _-e-hm Xs- bmWv ic-`n
s cq]w [cnv temI-l-m-hmb \rknw-ls\ h[n--Xv. 11. tbm Z-bt kpc-kw-Lm hnPnXy
5. lcnw lcWw ]mZm-`ym-a-\p-bmn kptc-izcmx hnjvWpw __-tm-c-K-]m-ti\ hocx
am h[o ]pcpjw hnjvWpw hn{I-akz alm-\kn Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp
6. Ir]bm `K-hm hnjvWpw hnZ-Zmc \ssJx Z-b m-K - n kI-e -tZ-h - m-s cbpw tXmev]nv
Jsscx Nmw- _ tcm alm- h otcm hoc- ` t{Zm hnjvWp-hn-s\-tmepw \mK-]m-i-m _n-n alm-ho-
_`qh l c-\mb cp{Z\v \a-kI
v m-cw.
hnjvWp-hns\ Imen ]nSnp cp{Z sImp-t]m-Ip- 12. tbm eoe-ssbh {Xn]pcw ZZm-l,
tm tZh-m-scmw At-ls A\p-K-anv cp{Z-t\mSv hnjvWpw Ihnw
{]mn- p. {]t`m, Zb-h p-s NbvXv ]pcp-tjm--a -\ mb
tkma-kq-cym-n-t\{Xw kth tZhmx ]ipXm
hnjvWp- hns\ h[n- -cp- Xv. Av alm-\m-W- tm. Av Pbn-
-s. Atm cp{Z Xs Iq \J--fm hnjvWp- ahm]px kzbw XkvamXv ]ip-]-Xn _`qh
hns\ ]nfp. Atlw Nmw-_-c-\mb alm-cp-{Z-s\pw Xkvssa cp{Zmb \ax AkvXp

N P
 766

I Ifn-bn-se-tmWw \njv{]-bmkw {Xn]p-X-msc Pbn- 18. AtWm-cW - o-bm altXm alo-bm I K

-h\pw kqcy, N{, An Fo aqp t\{X--tfmSp Bky Ptm \nlnXw Kplmbmw I
IqSn-b-h\pw kh-tZ- h-mpw A[o-i\pw As\ ]ip-
Xa-{IXpx ]iyXn hoX-timtIm I
]Xn F t]cn-\m {]kn--\p-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI v m-cw.
[mXpx {]km-Z-ln-am-\-aoiw
13. tbm ay-Iqm-Zn-h-cm-l-knw-lm I
Cu Bmhv AWp-hn-s\-m AWphpw hep-Xn-t\-
hnjvWpw {Iaw hma-\m-Zn-hnjvWpw I
m hep-Xp-am-Ip-p. kh-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-Kv
hnhn-_w ]oUy-am\w kptciw I lrZ-b-Kp-l-bn \nh-kn-p-p. alm-\mb B Cuiz-cs\
`kvao-N-Imc aYw baw N Xkvssa timI- c - l n-X -\ mb hyn `K-h Xv {]kmZw sImv
cp{Zm-b-\tam f kvXp ImWp- p.
hnjvWp-hns Ah-Xm-c--fmb ay Iqhcml 19. hknjvT sshbm-kn-I-hm-a-tZh I
\c-knw-lm-Zn-I-sf-tm-epw {Iao-I-cn--h\pw Ima-tZ-h-s\bpw hncn-n-apssJylrZn `mhy-am\x I
ba-s\bpw `kvao-I-cn--h-\p-amb cp{Z\v \a-kI v m-cw.
k\pPm-XmZn k\m-X-\ mssZy
14. Ghw-{]-Im-tcW _lp[m {]Xpzm I
cotUym atltim `K-hm-\m-Zn-tZhx
am-]-bm-am-kp\o-e-IWvTw atl-izcw I
hkn- jvT ipI hma- tZ-h XpS-nb aljn-amcpw
Xm]-{X-b-k-apZv `qX P arXyp Pcm-Zn`nx I
{_m- Zn- I- fmb kIe- tZ-h-mcpw Bsc kZm [ym\n-p-tm,
\m\m-hn-[m\n ZpxJm\n Plmc ]c-ta-izcx k\-p-Pm-X k\m-X -\ XpS- n-b -h -c psS \nc- c
tZh-m Cs\ ]e hn[w kvXpXnv At]-n-- kvXpXnv Bcv ]m{X-amtWm A-s\-bp `K-hm atl-
tm Atlw Xm]- {X- b- -sf-bpw P-ar-Xyp- P-cm- Zn- I-sfbpw iz-c BZn tZh-\m-Wv.
\in-n-p. 20. ktXym \nXyx kh kmo atltim I
15. Ghw ass{ {]my-am\x I \nXym-\tm \nhn-Ievt]m \ncmJyx I
Bm ssh kh-tZ-ln\mw I ANny in `K-hm Kncoix I
itcm `K-hm-\mtZym I kzmhn-Zybm Iev]n-X-am\ `qanx I
cc kIemx {]Pmx II atl-i z-c kXy-k z-c q-]\pw \nXy\pw kh-km-
Cs\ ]e a{- -fm {]mn-- tm BZn-`- K-hm- nbpw \nXym-\ kzcq-]nbpw \nhn-I-ev]\pw A\nh-
\mb i-c B-cq-]-n Fm {]P-I-sfbpw cnp. N-\ o-b -\ p-a m-W v. At-l - ns in- - h -k m-\ -a n- .
Am\w sImmWv \mw At-l-ns m\m-Zn- Isf
16. bZv ]mZmw-t`m-cp-l-Zzzw I
k-ev]n-p-- Xv.
arKytX hnjvWp\m kl I
21. AXn-tam-l-Ico ambm I
kvXpXym, kvXpXyw atl-im\
aa hnjvtWm kp{hX I
ahmMv am\k tKmNcw I
Xky ]mZmw-_pP [y\m
17. `ym \{a-X-t\m hnjvtWmx I
pkvXcm kpXcm `thXv II
{]kmZ aI-tcm-Zzn`px I
kp{h-X, At-l - ns amb Fsbpw hnjvWp-hn-
btXm hmNm \nht I
s\bpw tamln-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXns\ XcWw sNpI
A{]m]y a\km kl I
km[y-as-nepw At-l-ns ]mZ- [ym\n-m
B\w {_tWm hnZzm I AXns\ kpK-a-ambn XcWw sNm Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.
\ _nt`Xn IZm-N\
22. hnjvWp hniz-P-K-tZym\nx I
hmWnpw a\-n\pw AtKm-N-c\pw khYm kh- kzmwi-`qssXx kzssIx kl I
hn-[-n-ep kvXpXn-Ipw Al\pw hnjvWp-hn\p
- w-`thm `qXzm I
aamw-ik
t]mepw ]mZ Iae {]m]vXnv B{Klw tNp--h\pw
Bb `K-hm atl-iz-c `n- tbmsS \a-kvI-cn hnjvWp- ]me-b-Xy-Jnew PKXv II
hn {]k--\mbn GsXm-ns\ {]m]n-msX hmv a\- kakvX {]mWn-I-tfbpw krn-p hnjvWp kzmi-
tmSp IqSn aS-p-pthm B {_-s-n Adn--h am-Ip Pohn-It- fm-sSmw Fs Awi-n \np Xs-
Hcn-epw `b-s-Sp-n-. bmWv D-hn-p-Xpw hniz-]c - n-]m-e\w sNp--Xpw.
N P
 767

I 23. hn\miw ImetXm bmXn I 28. ambm-h-im-tZ-h-tZhm I K

XtXm-\yXv kIew arjm I tamlnXm aa-Xm-Zn`nx I
Hmw Xkvssa alm-{Km-kmb I Xky alm-y-te-imwiw I
alm-tZ-hmb iqent\ I hpw tI\m]y iIytX II
at\m-l-cmb arUmb I BcpsS ambm {]`m-h-m-emtWm tZh-m t]mepw
Xkvssa cp{Zmb \tam f kvXp aaXm tamln-X-cm-bn-cn-p-Xv A-s\-bp B tZhs
aln-a-bpsS Hcwiw t]mepw ]d-hm Bpw iIy-a-.
khpw Ime-{I-taW \in-p- p. Cu {]]w anYy-
bm-Wv. AXn-\m kI-eXpw {Kkn-p--h\pw iqe-[m- 29. ]cmXv ]c-Xcw {_ I
cnbpw alm-tZ-h\pw atl-{i\pw Ir]m-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb cp{Z\v bXv ]cmXv ]ctXm lcnx I
\a- kI
v m-cw.
]cmXv ]c-Xtcm loix I
24. GtIm-hn-jvWpa-l-Zv`pXw I XkvamXv Xpteym-[ntIm \ln
]rYIv `qXm-\y-t\-Iix I
]cm-Xv]-c- am-bnp-Xv {_hpw AXn\p ]c- am-bn-p- Xv
{Xo temIm hym]y `qXmm I hnjvWphpw AXnepw ]c-am-bXv Cuiz-c-\p-amWv At-l-
`pvtX hniz-Zr-K-hybx II t-m hen-b-ht\m kat\m Bbn Bcp-an-.
Fm krn-bnepw hnjvWp Fm-n\npw `n-\m- 30. GI Gh inthm \nXyx I
Wv. Atlw kh-`q-X--fp-sSbpw Dn Xs hym]n- XtXm f \yXv kIew arjm I
n-cpp sImv kIe t`mK- fpw A\p-`h - n-p-p.
XkvamXv khm ]cn-XyPy I
Fnepw Ahy-b-\m-Ip-p.
t[ybmXv hnjvWzm-Zn-Im kpcm
25. NXp`n NXp`n I
31. inh Gh kZm tybx I
Zzm`ymw ]-`n-tch Nx I
kh-kw-kmc tamNIx I
lpbtX N ]p\Zzm`ymw I
Xkvssa alm {Kkmb atl-iz-cmb \ax
k ta hnjvWpx {]ko-ZXp
\nXy- \m-bn- p-Xv Htc Hcp inh Xs. ap- - sXmw
GsXmcp hnjvWp `K- hm- \mtWm \mepw Fpw Apw
anYy-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv. hnjvWp XpS-nb kakvX
Blp-Xn-I sImS-pXv B hnjvWp Fn {]k--
tZh-m-scbpw XyPnv kwkmc tamN-I\ - mb At-ls
\m-bn-cn- -s.
[ym\n- t - Xv . kh- k w- l m- c - I - \ mb atl- i z- c \v
26. {_mWw {_-lhnx I \a- kIv m-cw.
{_mu {_Wm lpXw I
32. ss]-emZw alm-imkv{Xw I
{_ssh ic`x kmmXv tamtZm f bw
\ tZbw bky Iky-NnXv I
alm-apt\
\mkvXn-Imb IrX-Lv\mb I
An- p lhnv {_w Xs. AXv {_-am- Ip
Zphr-mb Zpcm-t\ II
Imhp aptJ\ {_-am-Ip An-bm tlman--s-
Sp-p. CXpw {_w Xs AXp-sImv kam-[n--\mb 33. Zmw`n-Imb \riw-kmb I
tbmKnv {_s Xs-bmWv {]m]n-m-\p-- Xv. iTm-bm-\rX `mjnsW I
27. icm Pohm-kvX-Zw-tijp I kp{h-X mb kp`- mb
`mXn \nXyw lcnx kzbw I kphr-mb kpio-ent\ II
{_th ic`m kmmXv I 34. Kpcp-`-mb Zmmb I
tamtZm f bw alm-apt\ immb EPp tNXtk I
Poh Xs icw. AXn `K-hm lcn \nXyhpw inh-`-mb ZmXhyw I
{]Im-i-am-\-am-bn-cn-p-p. {_w Xs- bmWv ic-`w. AXv {_ Itm [oatX II
kmm tamw {]Zm\w sNp--Xm-W.v

N P

I 35. kz`-m-ssbh ZmXhy
aIr-X-Lv\mb kp{hX I
\ ZmXhyw kZm tKm]yw I
bXvt\-ss\h ZzntPm-a I
ss]-em-Za
- -ljnv e`n Cu atlm imkv{Xw
Bpw sImSp--cp-Xv. \mkvXn-I, IrX-Lv\, Zphr-
Zpcm-mhv Zmw`n-I, \riw-k, iT Ak-Xy-hmZn
Fn-hv Hcn- epw sImSp- -c psX {hX-[ m-c nbpw
bYm `\pw ip-{h-X\pw kpio-e\pw Kpcp-`-\pw
ia-Z-a-hm\pw [mn-I\pw inh-`-\pw {_-I \nc-
X\pw `\pw IrX-Lv\-\-m--h\pw Bb hynv Cu
imkv{Xw \I-Ww. Cu KpW--fp Bscbpw Inn-bn-
s-n Bpw sImSp-msX kqn-p--XmWpNnXw.
36. GXXv ss]-emZw alm-imkv{Xw tbm f [ntX
{imh-tbXv ZznPx k P-a-c-tW-t`ym-aptm `hXn
tbm Pm\otXm tkm f arXXzw N KXn K`-
hm-km-Zzn-aptm `h-Xn. kzkvtX bmXv ]ptXm-
`-h-Xn. {_ lXymXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Kpcp-Xe
- v]-K-a-
\mXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. k khm thZm A[n-tXm-
1 imSym-b-\o-tbm-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q anZw. ]qmXv ]q-
ap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-tahm
hin-j ytX
Cu ]c-{_w ]q-am-Wv. Cu {]]-hpw ]q-
am-Wv. ]q {_-n \nv ]q {]]--ap-m-Ip-
p. ]q-n \nv ]qs FSp-p- mepw
]qw Xs Ah- ti- jn-p- p. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. lcn Hmw
a\ Gh a\p-jymWw
ImcWw _-tam-tbmx
_mb hnj-bm-kw
apssy \nhn-jbw kvarXw
N P
768
`-h-Xn. k khm tZhm [ymtXm `h-Xn. kk- K
akvX ]mX-tIm-]-]m-X-ImXv ]qtXm `h-Xn. Xkvam-Z-
hn-ap--am-{intXm `h-Xn. k kXXw inh-{]ntbm
`h- X n. k inh- k m- b qPy taXn \ k ]p\- c m-
htX \ k ]p\ cmhtX {_h `h-Xn.
CXyml `K-hm {_t-Xyp-]-\n-j-Xv.
ss]-em-Zs\ kw_-n-p Cu alm-imkv{Xw
kzbw ]Tn-p--h\pw ap--hsc tIn-p-Ibpw sNp-
-h P\-\-a-c-W-n \nv tamN\w t\Sp-p. CX-dn-bp-
-h AarXzw {]m]n-p-p. Ah\v ]p\P--an-. aZy-
]m-\nbpw kphW-tNm-c\pw {_-lXy Kpcp-X-ev]-Ka -
XpS-nb alm-]m-]--fn \np t]mepw tamN\w e`n-p-
p. kh-th-Z-fpw A`y-kn ^ew Inp-p. kh-tZ-h-
m-scbpw [ym\n-m-ep ]pWyw Inp-p. kI-e-]m-X-I--
fn \npw D]-]m-X-I--fn \npw ap-\m-Ip-p.
Cs\ ap-\m-bn-ov inh-{]n- b-\mbn inh- km-bqPyw
t\Sp- p. Ah\v ]p\- cm-K-a-\-an- . Ah {_w Xs Bbn-
o- cp-p. {_mhv Cs\ D]-tZ- in-p. ChnsS D]-\n- jv
Ah-km- \n-p-p.
ic-t`m-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.-
3
2. kam-kw kZm Nnw
Ptmhn-jb tKmNtc
btZyhw {_Wn kyXv
tIm \ aptNyX _-\mXv
3. Nn-tah ln kwkmc
kvXXv {]bXvt\ tim[-tbXv
bn--kvX-tbm `mXn
Kply-ta-XXv k\m-X\w
4. \m thZ-hn--\ptX Xw _rlw
\m{_--hnXv ]caw ss{]Xn [ma
hnjvWp {Imw hmkp-tZhw hnPm-\
hnt{]m hn{]Xzw KtX Xz Zio.
 769

I a\p-jy-cpsS _-\-n\pw tam-n\pw ImcWw 10. {Xn Zw sshjvWhw enwKw K

a\-p-X -s-b m-W v. hnj-bm-k - -amb a\v _-\ - hn{]mWw an km[\w
n\pw hnj-bh - n-ap-J-amb a\v tam-n\pw Imc-W-
\nhmWw kh-[mmWm
am-I p- p. hnjbmk a\p {_m-k - -a m-b m
BcmWv kwkm-c-nse P-arXyp Pcm-Zn-I-fn \nv anXn thZ-\p-im-k\w
tamN\w t\Sm-Xn-c n-pI? Fmhcpw A`ym-k-m {XnZ-w, D]-ho-Xw, Iu]o-\w, inIyw, ]hn{Xw Ch
Nnw {_- n ebn-n- m a\pjy {_-a- b-\m-Ipw. Pohn-X- Imew apgp-h\pw [cn--Ww. Ch Apw k\ym-kn-
Cu XXzw cl-kyhpw k\m-X-\-hp-am-W.v I-fpsS {_-am-{X-I-fm-W.v Hcn-epw Ch ssIsh-Sn-b-cp-Xv.
thZ-XXzw {Kln-m--h\v AXv al-m-bn-cn-p-I-bn- tZl-Xym-K-tm-sSmw Ah ico-c- tm- sSmw Ipgn-n-S-Ww.
. Ah AXns\ AwKo-I-cn- n-. {_-m\ lo\ Cu hn]v^p-enwKw hym-hy kzcq-]-n cp hn[-
]c-ahpw kzbw {]Im-i-hp-amb [mas {]m]n-p-n-. ap-v. GsX-nepw Hp-t]-n-mepw k\ymkn ]XnX-
XXz-Zinbpw hnth-Zn-bp-amb {_-m\n hym]-I\pw \mIpw sshjvWhenw-K-sap ]dd-bp {XnZw {_m-
kh-\pw khm-- Zym-an-bp-amb hmkp-tZ-hs\ kzkz- Wv apn km[-\-am-W.v CXv thZm-\p- im-k-\hpw \nhm-
cq-]-n Adnv Poh-pn t\Sp-p. W-kz- cq-]-hp-am-Wv.

5. AYml bXv]cw {_ k\m-X\w
tb t{i{Xnbm AIm-a-lXmx A[obpx
imtm Zmx D]-c-X-kvXn-Xnjp
tbm\q-Nmt\m ly`nP u kam\x
6. Xyt-j-t Wm-ly-\r-WkvXw hnZnXzm
au\n \nh-tk-Zm-{ita b{X-Ip{X
bYm-{iaw Nmacw kw{]-hniy
btYm-]-]ow ]-am{Xmw Z[m\x
]ns Ima-hn- ap-cpw k\-Im-Zn-I-sf- tmse ]c-{_ 12. ]-bm thZ incx {]hnmx
kzcq-]-m-\n-I-fp-amb thZ--mcpw {_-kz-cq-]-am-bn-
s `hn-p-p. A-s\-bp imcpw Zmcpw PntX-
{n-bcpw hnjb kwXr-]X v cpw ]cm-Mvap-Jcpw ]c-{_-s
Adn-bp-p. Ah aqp hn[-n-ep EW--fn \npw
ap-cmbn {_s Adnv au\-bp--cmbn B{i-a--
fn hkn-p-p. Ah An-a-amb k\ym-km-{i-a-n
{]th-inv D]-]-n-b\p {Xn ZmZn ]-am-{X- I [cnv
tamw {]m]n-p-p.
7. {XnZ--ap-]-hoXw N
hmkx Iu]o\ th\w
inIyw ]hn-{X-an-tXy-XZv
ZznZr-bm-Zymh Zmbpj
8. ]t-XmkvXp btX am{Xm
kvXm am{Xm {_tW {ipXm
\ XytP-Zym-hqXv {Imn
cty]n \nJ-t\Xv kl
9. hnjvWp enwKw Zzn[m t{]mw
hya hy tah N
Xtbm tcI aln Xyzm
]X-tXyh \ kwibx
N P
11. AY Jep tkmay IpSo- N tIm _lp- Z tIm
lwkx ]c-a-l wkx CtXytX ]cn-{hm-PIm Xp
hn[m `hnx kh GtX hnjvWp enwKn\x inJn-
t\m-]-ho-Xn\x ip-Nnm Bm-\-am-\m {_
`mh-b x ip Nn{Zq-t]m-] m-k \m cXmx P]-b -a-
htm \nb-a-hx kpio-en\x ]pWy tmImx `h-
n. XtZX ZpNm-hypm IpSo-NtIm _lp-Z-I- m]n
lwk ]c-a-lwk CXn hrXym N `nmx kh GtX
hnjvWp enwKw Z[m\m hyXym-hyw _ln-c-
\nXyw
{Inbm-]-tm]o kwKXm {_ hnZymw
Xyzm hr-aqew {inXmk
k\y-kvX] - pjzm ck-ta-hmiv\p hm\x
hnjvWp {IoUm hnjvWp cXtbm hnapm
hnjvWzm-I hnjvWp-ta-hm]n bn
kuaym, IpSo-N-I _lp-Z-I lwk ]c-a-lw-k
Cs\ k\ym-kn-am \mep-hn-[-n-ep-v. Ah-scmw
hnjvWp enwK-[m-cn-Ifpw inJbpw btm-]-ho-Xhpw [cn-
p--hcpw hnip am\kpw {_-`m-h-\-tbmsS Nn{Zq-t]m-
kzm-kI - cpw cq]w bmaw Fnh A\p-jvTn-p--hcpw
\nba ioe-mcpw Da kz`m-hn-Ifpw hnime Ion- am-
m-cp-am-Wv. CXns\ kw_-n Ep-I-fp-v. IpSo-N-I
_lp-Z- I lwk ]c-a-lw-k Fn-h Ah-cpsS `n-
hr-n- I-fm \mep hn[-am-Wv. Fm-hcpw hym-hy-hpw
_mlym-`y-c cq]-hp-amb hnjvWp enwKw [cn-p-p. Ch-
scmw ]-bm- n- I-mcpw (P-]w, tlmaw, X]-v, kzm[ym-
bw, m\w) D]-\n-jXv m\n-Ifpw kz[m-\p-Iqe
hrn-Ifpw {_-hn-Zysb Bi3-bn-p--h-cp-am-Ip- p.
Ch kwkm-c-hrw Dt]-nv AXns aqe-`m-K-amb
{_s B{i- bn-p-p. I-Imw hnv kmc- `q-X-amb
XXzw t\Sp--hcpw BWv. Ch _mly-{IoUn shSnp.
 770

I hnjvWp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn {IoUn-p-p. Poh-p--cmb Ch 19. AY Jep tkmssaytX ]cn- { hm- P I bYm K

hnjvWp Xs. Ah-cpsS Bmhv hnjvWp-[ym-\-\n-c-X-ambn {]mZp `h-n XYm `h-n... Ima-t{Im[ tem`-tam-
IrX- Ir-Xy-ambn hn- p-p. l-`w-`-Z-kq-bm-a-a-Xzm-lw-Im-cm-ZnwkvXn Xocy-am-\m-
13. {Xnkyw inXx kv\m\w h-am\u \nm kpXpXo N hP-bnXzm hr Ch
XnjvTm-tk-Xv. OnZy-amt\m \ {_qbmXv XssZhw
XWw amP\w XYm
hnZzmwkx Cssl-h m-a rXm `h- n. XtZ Xar- N m-
D]-m\w ]-b-m
]ypw _p-an-{X-a-\p-tam-Z-bnXzm \th-p-amtWm
Ipcym-Zm-a- c-W m- nIw Zzz-klx {]im-Xx {]mNo-ap-ZnNow hm \nh-
14. Zi`nx {]Wsshx k]vX bw tcXv.
hymlr-Xn`nx iN-Xp-Zm kuam Cu k\ym-kn-am Imaw, t{Im[w tem`w,
Kmb-{Xo-P -] -b- tamlw, `w`w, Zw, Akq-b, aa-X, Al-mcw Fn-hsb
{Xnkyw inckm kl XcWw sNbvXv am\w, Ah-am\w \n {]iwk Fnh
ssIhnv hr- s-tmse \ne-sIm-p-p. C-s\-bp
15. tbmK-bx kssZ-Im{Ky
m\n-I Cu temI-n Xs Poh-p--cmb hntZ-
`ym tkhm ltcKptcmx l-m-scv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kpJZpxJmZn-I klnv im-
Alnwtkm Xp Xt]m-btm cmbn Ingpw hSpw Znp-I-fn kzmm-\p-cq-]s
hmMva\x Imb-I`nx A\p-im-k\w sNbvXv \nte-]-m-cmbn Ah ]cy-S\w
sNp- p.
aqp ky- I-fnepw kv\m\w XWw am\w D]-
m-\w ]-bw Fnh Xo-bmbpw sN-Ww. 20. ]m{Xo Zo bpK-am-{Xm-]t- emIo
]v Hmw Imcw Ggp hymlr-Xn-I klnXw NXpjv] Zm inJo apo tNm]-hoXo IpSpw_o
Kmb{Xn P]-bw sN-Ww. Ftmgpw GIm{K a\-mbn
bm{Xm-am{Xw {]Xn-Kr-lvW a\p-jymXv
`n-tbmsS tbmK--\mb `K-hm-s\bpw Kpcp-hn-s\bpw
tkhn--Ww. a\km hmNm IWm Alnw-k-bm-Ip Abm-NnXw bmNnXw hmY ss`yw
Xt]m-bw sN-Ww. ]m{X- hpw Zhpw [cnv Hcp \pI- mSv AIse am{Xw
16. \mt\m ]\nj Z`ymkx t\mn PSm-[m-cn-Ifpw apn-Xcpw D]-ho-Xn-Ifpw icocw
kzm[ymbw b CucnXx am{Xw IpSpw-_-am-n-bnv D-h-cp-ambn Ah k-cn-
p {]mW \ne-\nm thXp am{Xw a\p-jy- cn
Hman-Xym-m\ a]ymt{Km
\nv `n-bmbn hmmw.
{_-Wyku qtlmXn bXv
21. armh-em-_q-^-e-] ]m{Xw
17. m\-bx khn-tbx
oWw uaw XrWw Im-Pn-t\N
kh-b -tm- -tam-ax
]q-am-m-Z\w kymZ-lXw hm hnapx
m\ Zmx m\ inJm
m\ btm ]ho-\nXx 22. EXp-ku ap-tb---am{Xw

18. inJm m\-abn bky D]-hoXw N Xbw \mt[m \mw PmXp inJmw \ hm]-tbXv
{_Wyw kIew Xky NXptcm amkm\ {[ph ioeXx
CXn thZm\p imk\w kymXv k bmhXv kp]vtXm
A-cmm ]pcptjm hniz-cq]x
kzm[ymbw Fp ]d-bp-Xv Fm D]-\n-j-p--fp-
sSbpw A`ym- k- am-Wv. Hmw Fp--cn- p- sImv {_m- nsb 23. AXym-\-Ymu ]p\-cp-ntX f kv an
Bm-lpXn sNp-p. AXv D-tam--a-amb m\-b- kz I-en-]vkp hnl-tcZzm htkZzm
-am-W.v Ch-bpsS m\-amWv Zw. m\w Xs
tZhm-y-Kmtc Xpcp-aqte Kplmbmw
inJ; m\w sX btm-]-hoXw; m\-ab knJm-
bp-\pw m\-a-b-bt- m-]-Po-hn-bp-amb hyn-bpsS htk-Zkw tKm f enX ioe-hrx
kh hkvXp-fpw {_-kz-cq-]-sav thZw A\p-im-kn- 24. A\n-t\m tPymXn-cnthm ] imtm
p-p.
\ tNmZzn-tP-Zpn tPZy-{X-Ip{X

N P

I 25. Bm\w tNZzn-Pm-\obm
Zb-a-kvaoXn ]qcpjx
Iman- IkyIm amb ico-c-a\p kwPz-tcXv
26. Xtah [otcm hnmb
{]mw IphoX {_mWx
\m\p-[ym-bmZv _lp i_vZm
hmtNm hnm-]\w ln XXv
a]m{Xw, ac-m- {Xw, Npc-bv, Iph-f-n Imbv Ch-
bn-semtm Ce- Xp- n-bp-m-nb ]m{Xtam GXp Inptm
AXv ssIsm-mw. InSvII - m ac-hp-cn-bm-I-Ww. ]p-
sImv Xo I, Ce-sIm-p ]pXv Ch BImw.
IpSn- NI
- Xe ap\w sNt-. EXp-k-n-I -fn
lwk-mv ucw sNn-mw. NmXpam-k-Im-ev Htc
m-\v Ign-bW - w. `K-hm hnjvWp \n{Z-C \nv
DW-Xn-\p-tijw hopw I--f-\p-jT v nv Ahn-sS-
s hkn- p- Itbm ap m\- tXSp- Itbm sNmw.
tZhm-e-b-ntem hr- aq-e-I-fntem Kpl-bntem hkn-p-
Xv D-aw. AhnsS \nw-K-\mbn P\-kw-k cln-X-
\mbn hnd-In-m An-t]mse {]im-- \mbn BtcmSpw
tm`-an-msX Ign-b-Ww. Xs Bmhv {_- cq]w Xs-
bm-sW--dnp Ign-m Fp-Im-Wn-mWv ico-c-t]m-
j-Ww. [oc-\mb {_-m\n {_s Xncn-d- nv
AXn Xs _pnsb GIm-{K-am--Ww. i_vZm-Uw-_-c-
n apgp-I-cp-X.v Fs- m AsXmw shdpw hmNm-tSm-
]-am- W.v
27. _mteym-ss\h ln XnjvWtk
nhnZy {_-th-Z\w
{_-hnZym N _mevbw N
\nhnZy ap\n-cm--hm
28. bZm kth {]ap-Nyt
Imamx tbky lrZn-{XnXmw
AY atym f artXm `h
Xy{X {_ ka-iv\ptX
sshcm-Ky-n Dd-n-cn-m B{K-ln--Ww. {_- bx kz[t \ XnjvTXn
a-msX asm-p-an-sp a\-n-em-n, {_s Xncn-- NypX-am-cp-V-NypXw hnZym
dnv sshcm- Ky-tmsS Bm-cm- h-\m- h-Ww. lrZ- b-nse
hmk-\-I-sfmw ian-p-tm acW [-tmSp IqSn-b-
h-\m-sW-nepw a\p-jy arXyp-lo-\-\mbn {_m-\w
A\p-`- hn- p-p.
29. AY Jep tkmtayZw ]cn-{hPyw ss\jvTnI
am-[w tbm hnP-lmXn k hoclm `h-Xn. k
{_lm `h-Xn. k {`qWlm `h-Xn. k alm-]m-
XIo `h-Xn. b Camw hnjvWphow \njvTmw ]cn-Xy-
PXn kkvtXt\m `h-Xn. k Kpcp-Xe - v]tIm `h-Xn.
k an{X- { [pKv `h- X n. k IrXv L v t \m `h- X n.
N P
771
khkvam temImXv {]NyptXm `hXn XtZ-X-Zr-Nm- K
`ypw
kuaym, kzIo-b-amb k\ym-k-[w Dt]-n-p
Cu ss\jvTn-I hoc-l-mhpw {_-l-mhpw {`qW-l-
mhpw amlm-]m-X-Inv Xpey-\p-am-Ip-p. Cu sshjvW-
hn-\njvT ssIsh-Sn-bp-\z I\pw Kpcp Xev]-Km-anbpw
an{X- t{Zm-lnbpw IrX-Lv\\pw BIp-p. Ah Fm temI-
n \npw {`-\mbn At[m- KXn {]m]n- p-p. AXns\
kw_-n-p Ep-I
30. kvtX\x kpcmt]m Kpcp-Xe
- v]-Kmao
an{X-{[q-tKtX \njvIr-tX bmn ipow
hy-a-hyw hm hn[rXw hnjvWp-enwKw
IrX-P iptym ZJn-sse-cm--`mkm
31. Xyzm hnjvtWmenw-K-a-_-lnhm
bx kzm{iaw tkhtX \m{iaw hm {]Xym-]nw
`PtXm f ]mXn aqtVm
ss\jmw KXn; Iev]-tIm-Sym]n Zrx
32. Xyzm khm-{i-am [otcm
htk-tm-m-{ita Nncw
tamm-{i-amXv ]cn-{`tm
\ KXn kvXky hnZytX
{]mb-nw sNbvXm I-m aZy-]m-\n-I Kpcp-
X- ev]-Km- an- I an{X- t{Zm- ln- I Chv ]m]- ap--cm-Im Ign-
bpw. Fm k\ymkn {Xn]p-{km-Zn-I Dt]-n-m Hcp
hn[-nepw ]cn-ip--\m-hp-I-bn-. B`y-- chpw _mly-hp-
amb hnjvWp enwKw ssIsh-Snv kzw B{i-a-n
nXn- sN- p-Itbm B{iaw ]cn- Xy- Pn- p-Itbm sNp- -h
B]-n s]Spw. Ahv A\ Imew hscbpw kXvK-
Xn-bp- m-hn-. [oc khm-{i-a--fp-ap-t]- nv tamm-{i-
a- n hkn- -Ww. tam-m{ian \nv {`- \m-bn-tm-
bm ]ns- b-h\v Hcp taK- Xnbpw Dm-Ip-n-.
33. ]mcn-{hmPyw irlnXzm Xp
ZnXn thZm-\p-im-k\w
34. AY Jep tkmt\y\w k\m-X-\-am [w
sshjvWhow \njvTmw e_v[zm bkvXm-a-Zq-j-b
htX k `hXn k ]pWy-tmtIm `h-Xn. k
temItm `h-Xn. kth-Zm tm `hXn k
{_tm `h- X n. k khtm `h-X n. k
kzcmUv `h-Xn. k ]cw {_ `K-h am]vt\mXn
k ]nXr kw_-nt\m _m-hm kplr-tZm-
an-{Xm-WnN `hm-Zp-m-c-bXn XtZ-X-Zr-Nm-`ypw

I k\ymk kzoI-cn-W-n\p tijw kz [-n
\nv NypXn h-h Bcp-V-Nyp-X AXm-bXv ]mX-In-bm-
sWv [cn--W-sav thZw A\p-im-kn-p-p. ImcWw
Ah {`-\m-b n. k\m-X-\-amb Cu B-[ s 40. btah hnZym-{ipX a{]-aw
hnjvWp-hns\ kw_-n-p \njvTsb {]m]n-X
tijw AXns\ Zpjn- n- msX nc- Nn- - \m- bn- cn- p- -h Akvam Cam-ap-]-k - mb kayIv
PntX-{n- b\pw hnim-e-Io- am\pw {_-m-\nbpw kh-
\pw kzbw {]Im-i- \p-am- bn-ov ]c-{_- s {]m]n-
p-p. Ah ]nXr--tfbpw _p--sfbpw kplr-p- 41. A[ym-]n-Xmtb Kpcpw \n{Zn-bt
-sfbpw kvt\ln- X-m- scbpw kwkmc kmK-c-n \nv
Ic-tb-p-p. CXns\ kw_-np Ep-I Dv.
35. iXw Ipem\mw {]Yaw _`qh
XYm-]-cmWmw {XniXw ka{Kw
GtX `h-n kpIr-Xky temtI
tbjmw Ipte k\y-kX - ol hnZzm
36. {XnwiXv ]cmw-kv{Xnw-iXv ]cmw
{Xnwi ]cXx ]cm
D-cb - Xn [njvTx
]cn-{hm-UnXn ssh {ipXnx
37. kw\y-kvXa- nXn tbm {_qbmXv
IWvTm {]mW-hm-\]n
XmcnXmx ]nXc kvtX\
CXn thZm\p imk\w
GXp Ipe-ns] m\n-bmtWm k\ymkw
kzoI-cn- p- -Xv, B k\ym-knp app \qdpw tij- ap
aqqdpw Ipe- IrXym- cmbn `hn-p-p. kw\ymkn
ap-Xn ]cw AXnepw D]-cn-bmbn aqp hwi-P-m-scbpw
XcWw sNn-p-p-sh-mWv thZmww ]d-bp--Xv. acn-
m-\mbn InS-p L-nepw Rm kw\ymkw kzoI-
cnp Fp ]d-bp--h ]nXr-sf Ac IS-p-sa
thZw ]d-bp-p.
38. AY-Jep tkm tayaw k\m-X\ - -am [w
sshjvW how \njvTmw \mk- am]y {]{_q-b m- X v.
\m\q-Nm-\mb \m\m--hntZ \mhoX cmKmb \mhn-
ip-mb \m\p-]-k-mb \m{]-b-X-am-\-km-tbXn l
kvamlpx ZtZ-XZ- r-Nm-Zypw
kuaym, k\m-X-\-amb Cu B-[-s, hnjvWp-
hns\ kw_-n-p \njvTsb \-Xp-t]mse kzbw BN-
cn-msX Bpw D]- tZ-in--cp-X.v thZ-X-z \m--
h\pw B-t_m-[-c-ln-X\pw hoX-cm-K-\-m--h\pw Aip-
-Nn-\pw Ahn-\o-X\pw Pnm-kp-J-a-m--h\pw D]-
tZ-in--cp-Xv. CXv kqNn-n-p Ep-I
39. hnZym l ssh {_m-Wa - m-P-Kma
tKm]m-bamw tih-[njvtT f lakvan
N P
772
Akq-b-Im-bm-\ r-Pt] iTmb K
am am {_qbm hocy-hXo XYm kymw
- n-\p- ta[m-hn\w {_-Nt- cym-]w
]coy ZZzm-ssZz-jvW-ho-am--\njvTmw
hn{]m hmNm a\km IWm hm
bssYh tX\ \ Kpcp t`mP-\ob kvXssYh
Nmw \ `q\n {ipXw XXv
{_m-Ws\ kao-]nv hnZy Cs\ ]d-p. tl,
{_m-W, Fs cn-p-I, Rm \ns \n[n-bm-Wv.
Akq-b-m-c\pw IpSn-e\pw [q\pw aT-b-\p-am-b-h
Fs D]-tZ-in--cp-Xv. A-s\-bm-bmte Rm hocy-a-Xn-
bm- Iq. ]cn-ip-\pw A{]- a-\pw {im-ephpw ta[m-hnbpw
{_-Nm-cn-bp-sav t_m[yw h-h\pw Pnm-kp-hp-amb
Hcp-h\v \-Xp-t]mse ]co-n--Xn\p tijw B-X-Xz-{]-
t_m-[-I-amb Cu sshjvW-ho-hn-Zysb D]-tZ-in-p-I.
hnZym-`ym-k-n-\p-tijw a\km hmNm IWm Kpcp P\-
sf BZ-cn-m--hc - p-sSbpw Blmcw \ B{K-ln-m-
-h ssIsmm-dn-. AXp-t]mse Xs- b-Xnbpw IrX-
Lv\s honse `Ww B{K- ln- p- n Fv {ipXn ]d-
bp-p.
42. Kpcp-tch ]tcm [tm
Kpcp-tch ]cm KXnx
GIm-c {]Zm-Xmcw
tbm Kpcpw \m`n-\ - Xn
bky {ipXw XYm m\w
{kh-Xym-a -L-S mw-_p-h Xv
43. Xky tZth ]cm-`-n
bYm tZth XYm Kpcu
k {_-hnXv ]cw t{]bm
ZnXn thZm\p imk\w
CXyp-]-\ n- j-Xv .
Kpcp-X-s- ]c-a-amb [amWv. Kpcp Xs- bmWv ]c-
amb KXn. Hc-cw am{Xw ]Tn-n h\v#m-bmepw B Kpcp-
hn- s\-tmepw BZ-cn-m--h ]Tn- Xpw Ahs X]pw
Ahs m\hpw ]-aI-e-nse shw t]mse
\mi-a-S-bp-p. tZh-m-cnepw Kpcp-hnepw `n-bp {_-
m\n ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n- pp Fv D]- \n- j- p- I hy-
am-p-p.
imSym-b-\otbm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

I K
1 imnteym-]-\n-jv
imn ]mTw
H mw `{Z It`nx irWpbma tZhm `{Zw
]tiyam`ncyP{Xm nssccwssK kvX pjv T p
hmwkkv X \q`n hytia tZhlnXw bZmbpx
kzkvX n \]qjmhniz thZmx kzkvX n \kvX m
tym AcnjvTt\anx kzkvXn t\m _rlkv]XnZ
[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx
tZhmsc, R ImXpI sImv \XptIp-
amdmItW. IpI sImv \Xv ImWm\nShctW.
kpZrVfmb AwK sImpw tZlw sImpw
\nsf kvXpXnm CShctW. ZtPhm Rv
\nbnnp Bbp p apgph\pw A\p`hn p
\mdmItW. Ionimenbmb C{ Rv \
ssIhcptW. kh\mb ]qjmhv Rv \
hnXdtW. A{]Xntcm[yKXnbmb KcpU Rv
awKfw \Is. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
Hmw Aymbw
imWv U nteym l hm AYhmWmw ]{]
Bmemt`m]mb `qXajv Smw ltbmKa\p{_q
loXn. ktlmhmN AY hm ba\n bamk\
{]mWmbma {]Xymlmc [mcWm [ym\ kam
[tbmjvSmwKm \n { Zi bamx XYm \nbamx
XYm \nbamx Bk\m\yjvSu {Xnx {]mWmbmamx
] {]Xymlmcm XYm [mcWm Zzn {]Imcw [ym\w
kam[nkvXp GI cq]x X{X Alnwkm kvtXb
kXy {_NcyZbm P]am [rXn hnXmlmc
iuNm\n tNXn bamx Zi X{X lnwkm \ma
at\mhmmb Ia`nx `qXlnXbYmm`mjWw
AkvtXbw \ma at\mhmmb Ia`nx ]c{_
thyjp \nkv ] rlXm {_Ncyw \ma khm
h mk p at\ mh m mb I `nx k h {X
s s aY p \ X y mK x Z bm \ m ak h `qt X j p x
kh{Xm\p{Kl Bhw \ma at\mhmmb
IaWmw hnlnXmhnlntXjp Pt\jp {]hru
\ nh r u h m G I c q] X zw am \ ma
{]nbm{]ntbjp kthjp XmU\ ]qPt\jp
kl\w [rXn \ma A lm\u tkzjvS _p
hntbmtK XXv {]m]vXu kh{X tNX]m\w
\ nX ml mtc m \ ma N X p mwi mh ti j I
kpkv \ nKv a[pcmlmcx iuNw \mw Zznhn[w
_mly amcw tNXn X{X arem`ymw _mlyw
N P
773
3
a\x ipncmcw XZ[ym hnZyme`yw AY
hap\ntbmSv imWvUney tNmZnp.
Bemt`m]mb cq]amb AjvSmwKtbmKsn
F\nv ]dp XcWw. AXp tIv AYhm ap\n ]d
p. baw, \nbaw, Bk\w, {]mWmbmaw, {]Xymlmcw,
[mcW, [ym\w, kam[n Fo FsamWv tbmKmwK
. Chbn bahpw \nbahpw ]p hoXamWv.
Bk\w Fv , {]mWmbmaw aqv, {]Xymlmcw Av,
[mcW Av, [ym\w cphn[w, kam[n Hv am{Xw,
Chbn Alnwk, kXyw, AkvtXbw, {_Ncyw, Zb,
kmcPyw, a, ss[cyw, anXmlmcw, ]cnipn, Cs\
baw ]p hn[w. AlnwkbpsS Aw at\mhmm
bfmepw Iw sImpw Hcp PohnIsfbpw Hcnepw
ZpxJnnmXncnpIsbXmWv. kXyw FXns
Aw a\km hmNm IWm, ]c{Zhyn \nkv]r
l\mIpIbmWv. {_Ncysam Fm ]cnXnI
fnepw at\mhmfmepw icocw sImp Fmhn[
nep ssaYp\ ]cnXymKamWv. Zb Fm kh{]m
WnItfmSpw Ir]bpmbncnpXmWv. BhsaXv
at\mhmmb Ifm BfpI icnbmtbm sXmb
{]hnmepw Xpey`mhtmsS CcnpsbXmWv.
asbm {]bamtbm A{]nbamtbm ]dbpItbm
]qPnpItbm XmUnpItbm sNbvXmepw klnp
XmWv . krXnbmIs [\\jv S w kw`hnpItbm
_pfpsS kwtbmKtam hntbmKtam DmhpItbm
sNbvXmepw kZm ZrVNn\mbncnpIbmWv. anXm
lmcsaXv hbn \mensemv HgnnSpIbpw
kv\ KvZhpw a[pchpamb Da]Zm `np-
IbpamWv. iuNsaXv _mlyambpw Bcambpw D
ipnbmWv Chbn av Pew apXembXp sImpXv
_mly ipn, a\ns ipn B cnI ipn.
BcnI ipn B[ymnI hnZysImt e`nm
km[nq.
2. X]x ktmjmkv X nIy Zmt\izc ]qP\
k n m {i h W {l oaX n P t] m {h X m\ n
Zi\nbamx X{X Xt]m \ma hn[yp Ir{
Nm{mbWmZn`nx icoc timjWw ktmtjm
\ma bZrmtem` kpjvSn BkvX nIyw \ma
thtZm [m [tjp hnizmkx Zm\w \ma
\ymbmnXky [\ [m\ymtZ {ibmn `yx
{]Zm\w Cuizc ]qP\w \ma {]k kz`mth\
bYm in hnjvWp cp{ZmZn ]qP\w knm{i
hWw \ma thZmm hnNmcx {lo\ma

I euInI am IpnX IW emw aXn
\ ma t h Z h nl nX I am t j p {i m
Pt]m\ma hn[nhZv Kpcp]ZnjvS thZmhncp am
`ymkx XZznhn[w hmNnIw am\kw tNXn am\kw
X p a \ k m [ y m \ bp w h m N nI w Z z nh n[
Dsscp]mwipt`tZ\ DsscpmcWw btYm
^ew D]mwip kl{k KpWw am\kw tImSn
KpWw {hXw \mw thtZm hn[n \ntj[m\p
jvTm\ ss\bXyw
]p \nba Xmsg ]dbphbmWv X]v,
ktmjw, BkvXnIyw, Zm\w, Cuizc]qP\w knm
{ihW, e, aXn, P]w, {hXw. Chbn X]sm
hn[n]qhw IrNv{i Nm{mbWmZnIfm icoc timjW
hcppIbmWv ktmjw Fm ssZthbm
Fsnepw Innbm AXn kpjvSambncnp
XmWv BkvXnIyw FXv thtZm [m[
amfn hnizknpIsbs{X. \ymbmnXamb
[\ [m\ymZnIsf {im]qw Zcn{Zp sImSpp
XmWv Zm\w {]k`mh\tbmsS bYmin hnjvWp
cp{ZmZnIsf ]qPnpXv Cuizc]qP\w. {lo Fm
thZamnepw euInI amnepw \oNsap
IcpXsSp I sNptm e tXmpI
sbXmWv. aXn FXv thtZmfmb Iam
fn {isbs{X. P]saXv hnYn]qw Kpcp
D]tZinnp a{ A`yknpIbmWv. P]w
hmNnIsapw am\knIsapw cp hn[apv. am\knIw
a\psImv [ym\bpamIpXv; hmNnIw cp
hn[amWv 1. D kzcnepXv 2. a kzcnepXv
D kzcnep P]m \nnjvS ^ew Inpw
akzcnembm BbncancnbmWv ^ew. am\knI
P]ns ^ew tImSn aSmWv {hXw Fp ]dbpXv.
thtZmfmb hn[n\ntj[sf thhn[w BNcn-
pIsbXmIpp.
1. kzkvXnI tKmapJ ]Zva hoc knwl`{Z ap
abqcmJym\ymk\m\yjv Su kzkvX nIw \maPm
\qthm tc kayIv I rXzm ]mZ Xte Dt`
EPpImb kamko\ kzkvXnIw XXv {]NtX
2. k thy Zn KpYw Xp ]rjvT ]mtiz
\ntbmPtbXv ZntW]n XYm khyw tKmapJw
tKmapJw bYm
AwKpjvtT\ \n_[v \obmXv lkvX m `ymw hymXv
{I taW N Du thm] c n i mW vUne y I rX zm
]mZXte ]mk\w `thtZXXv kthjma]n
]qPnXw
4. GIw ]mZassYIkva n hn\ytkym cqWn
kwnXw CXckvanwkvX Ym tNmcpw hocmk\
apZocnXw
N P
774
5. ZnWw khKpevt^\ Zn tW\ XtYXcw K
lkv X u N Pmt\z kwm]y kzmwKpeo
{]kmcy N
6. hymht{m \ncotX \mkm{Kw kpk
alnX knwlmk\w `thtZXXv ]qPnXw tbmKn`nx
kZm
kzkv XnIw tKmapJw ]w hocw knwlw `{Zw
apw abqcw Fns\ Bk\ Fp hn[apv.
Chbn cp]mZXesfbpw cp appIpw
at[ybmbn kam\ambn shv \nhncnpXns\
kzkvXnImk\sav ]dbpp. apXpIns heXp`mKv
hes appw CSXp `mKv CSs appw tNv
tKmapJw t]mse CcnpXmWv tKmapJmk\w. cp
XpSIfntepw cp ImepIfpsSbpw ]mZ Xe shv
cv ssII sImpw cp ImepIfpsSbpw Xhnc
epIsfbpw hn]coX coXnbn ]SnncnpXmWv ]Zvam
k\w. heXp apnt\mSp IqSn CSXp Imense apns\bpw
CSXp Imense apns\bpw CSXp Imense apnt\mSp
IqSn heXp Imense apns\bpw tNv CcnpIbpw
Ccp Icsfbpw cWSp Pm\pfnepw shbvpIbpw
Ccp Icfnsebpw hncepIsf \nhnshbvpIbpw
sNbvXXn\p tijw \ t]mse GIm{K Nn\mbn
{]kapJ\mbn \mknIm{K`mKv ZrjvSnsb DdnpI
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_qtbm\ybm tcNtcXv
]oXzm ]nwKebm kaoca atYm
_zm XytPXv hmabm
kqcymN{atkmct\\ hn[n\m
`ymkw kZm X\zXmw
ip \mUnKWm `hn ban\mw
amk{Xbm Zq[zXx
3. {]mX[ynt\ kmbacmt{XXp
Ipw`hm
iss\cioXn ]cyw NXphmcw ka`ytkXv
4. I\oqbkn `thXv tkzZ Itm `hXn a[yta
DnjvTcypta {]mWtcmt[
]mk\w alXv
5. Pte\ {ia PmtX\ Km{X a\amNtcXv
ZrVXm eLpXm Nm]n Xky
Km{Xky PmbtX
A`ymkImte {]Yaw ikvXw
ocmPy t`mP\w
XtXm`ymtkm nco`ptX \ Xmhnba{Kl
Bcw`n CUm\mUnbneqsS {]mWs\ \ndv
Ipw`Iw sNbvXv ]nwKfm \mUnbn IqSn tcNIw sN
Ww. ]ns ]nwKfbn IqSn ]qcWw sNbvXv Ipw`Iw
sNbvXv CUbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw. Cu hn[n
{]Imcw kqcyN{n\mUnI aptJ\ \nXyhpw {]mWmbm
am`ymkw sNp ]w tbmKnbpsS Fm \mUnIfpw
aqpamkw sImv ipamIpp. {]`mXnepw Dpw
kypw Acm{Xnbnepw Cs\ \mep{]mhiyw
]XpsXps F]Xp am{X hscbp Ipw`Iw
A`yknWw. sNdnbtXmXnse {]mWmbaw sImp
hnbpmIpp. a[yn IapmIpw Dan
]mk\nencpv taevt]mv s]mpw {]mWmbmaL
n DmIp hnbpsImv icocw anWw. AXv
icocs _enjvThpw L\pdhpXpamm klm
bnpp. A`ymkmc`Imepw ]m s\v Ch tN
Blmcw ]YyamWv ]noSv A`ymkw ncambXns\
pSv {]tXyI \nbasampw ]mentXn.

I 6. bYm knwtlm KtPm hymt{Lm `thZv hiyx
iss\x iss\x XssYhtkhntXm hmbpc
\yYm ln km[Iw
7. bpw bpw XytPZzmbpw bpw bpw
N ]qctbXv bpw bpt\ _obm tZhw
knnahm]v\ pbmXv
8. btYjvS [mcWmXv hmtbmc\eky {]Zo]\m
\mZm`nhyncmtcmKyw PmbtX \mUntim
[\m
9. hn[nhXv {]mW kwbmssa\mUo Nt{I
hntim [ntX kpjpav\m hZ\w `nXzm kpJmXv
hniZXn amcpXx
10. amc p t X a[ y k m tc a\ x s s c y w
{]PmbtX tbm a\xkpntcm `mthm sskhm
hmat\m\o
knwlw B\ ISph Chsb kmh[m\w hioIcn
Ww. AXpt]mse hmbphns\ kmh[m\w km[Iw
sNbvXm hiwhZamIpw. hn]coXambnmbm km[Is\
s sImpshv hcpw. AXn\m hn[n]qhw
tcNIhpw Ipw`Ihpw ]qcIhpw sNmw. As\sbn
knn ssIhcpw. icnbmb Ipw`Iw sImv An Zo]vXn
bpmIpp. \mUnI ipamIptm \mZipnbpw
BtcmKyhpw DmIpw. AXn\m kpjpav\m \mUnbpsS
apJw t`Znv hmbp kpJambn AXn {]thinpp.
hmbp a[yn kcnptm a\n\v ncX
bpmIpw. icnbmbn a\v ZrVamIptm AXns\
at\m\n Ah Fv hyhlcnsSpp.
11. ]qcImt Xp Ihyx _tm Pme
I m`n[ x Ip w`I mt tc N I m Z u I h y
kvXpWvU bmWIx
12. A[kkvXmXv Ipt\ \mip IWvT kwtim
[t\ IrtX at[y ]naXmt\\ \ymXv {]mtWm
{_\mUnKx
13. A]m\aq[zapm]y {]mWw IWvVmZt[m\-
btbmKo Pcmhn\napx tjmUmtim hbkm
`thXv
]qcIn\p tijw HSphn Pmecw Fp
t]cp _w sNWw. Ipw`Imnepw ImZnbnepw
Dnbm\mw thWw. Xmgs aqec{ktmNm
IWvT ktmNw DmIpp. a[y_mKw ]na Znn
tev henptm {]mWhmbp {_\mUnbnse
pp. A]m\s\ apIfntev sImp t]mbn {]mWs\
IWvTn\p Xmsgbmbn sImphv tbmKn hrmhm
clnX\mIpp. ]Xn\mdp hbns sNdpw km[I
\pmIpw.
N P
779
14. k pJ mk\ tm Z \ mU ym _l n w K
]h\wkamIrjy BtIim\Jmt{Km Ipw`bnXzm
khy\mUym tcNtbXv tX\ I]me tim[\w
h mX \ mUoK X k h tc mK k h h n\ m\ i\ w
`hXnlrZbmZn IWvT]cyw kkz\w \mkm`ymw
iss\x ]h\amIrjy bYm in Ipw`bnXzm
CUbm hntcNy K Xnjv T IpcymXv tX\
tjv a lcw Pw cmnlh[\w `hXn ht{W
koXvmc ]qhIw hmbpw KrloXzm bYmin
Ipw`bnXzm \mkm`ymw tcNtbXv tX\ pXv
Xrjv W m Beky \n{Zm \ PmbtX Pnlzbm
h mbp w K r l oX zm bY mi n I p w`b nX zm
\mkm`ymw tcNtbXv tX\ Kpeva olm Pzc ]n
p[mZo\n \iyn AY Ipw`Ix Zznhn[x klnXx
tI h et X n tcN I ] qcI bp x kl nX x
XZzPnXx tIhex tIhe kn{Xnjp temtIjp
\ Xky Zp e`w `hXn tIhe I pw` ImXv
IpWv Uen\n t_mt[m PmbtX XXx Irih]px
{]k hZt\m \ne temNt\m A`nhy
\mtZm \np tcmK Pmtem PnX _np. ]Sz
n`hXn A eyw _lnZrjvSn \ntatjm-
tj hPnXm Gjm kssh jv W ho ap{Zm
khXm Xt{jp tKm]nXm
kpJmk\nencpv hes \mUnbn IqSn
]pds hmbp henv Xe apX ]mZw hsc \ntcm[nv
Ipw`Im CSs \mUnbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
As\bmbn I]meipnbpmIpw. hmbp \mUnI
fnse kIe tcmKfpw amZhlrZbw apX IWvTw hsc
ki_vZw cp \mkmZzmcfn IqSn ]Xps hmbp
henv Ipw`Iw sNbvXv CSbn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
\Sptmgpw \nptmgpw CXmImw. CXns ^e
ambn I^w hnpamdn PTcmn hnpw. hmbn IqSn
koXvImcw sNbvX v hmbp\ndv bYmin Ipw`Iw
sNbvXp cp aqn Zzmcfn IqSn tcNIw sNWw.
As\bmbm hniv Zmlw Bekyw \n{Z Ch
DmIn. \mn IqSn hmbphns\ henv bYmin
Ipw`Iw sNbvXpw cp aqn Zzmcfn IqSn tcNIw
sNbvXm Kpevaw ol Pzcw ]nw hniv apXembh
amdpp.
A\cw Ipw`Isn AXv cv hn[nepv.
klnX Ipw`Ihpw tIhe Ipw`Ihpw. tcNI ]qcI
tfmSp IqSnbXv klnXIpw`Iw. AmXv tIhe
Ipw`Iw. tIheIpw`Iw km[nXambm bKnv aqp
temIpw Zpe`ambn HpapmIn. tIheIpw`I
m IpWvUkn\n DWcpp. AtXmsS tbmKn Iri
Km{X\pw {]kapJ\pw \ne t\{X\pw tcmKhnap
\pw Zo]vXmnbpw Bbnocpp. CXmWv sshjvW
hoap{Z F m X{ nepw imkv { X nepw CXv
tKm]yambn shncnpp.

I 15. A ebhneo\ Nn ]ht\m
tbmKo kZm htX
Zrjv Sm \ne Xmcbm _lnc[x
]iy]n ]iy]n
apt{Zbw Jep tJNco `hXn ku
essyIXm\m inhm
iq\ymiq\y hnhPnXm pcXn km
XXzw ]Zw sshjvWho
16. AtmoenX temN\x nca\m \mkm{K
ZtW
{mmh]neo\Xmap]\b
njv] `mthm{Xw
tPymXocq]atij_mlyclnXm
tZZo]yam\w ]cw XXzm XXv] cakvXnhkvXp
hnjbw imWvUney hnol XXv
17. Xmcw tPymXnjn kwtbmPy InnZp
ab {`phu
]qhm`ymkky amtmbap\o
ImcIx WmXv
18. XkvamXv tJNcoap{Zm`ytkXv
XtXm\o `hXn
XtXm tbmKn{Zm `hXn e_v[ tbmK
\n{Zky tbm Kn\x Imtem \mkvXn
19. in at[y a\x IrXzm Imtem \mkvXn
inw am\k a[ym\mw a\km a\ BtemIy
imWvUney Xzw kpJo`hx
20. Jat[y IpcpNmm\am at[y N Jw Ipcp
khw N Jab IrXzm \ InnZ]n Nnb
21. _mly Nnm \ Ihymx XssYhmc
NnnIm khNnmw ]cnXyPy
Nnm{X ]ctam `h
hneo\ hmbp Nn BceytmSp IqSnbh
s\n tbmKnbmWv. \nkamb IaWnbm Xmsg
t\mnbmepw Hpw ImWmXncnpXmWv tJNco ap{Z.
tIhe eyam{Xhpw awKfIchpamIbm CXns\
sshjvWho ap{Zsbv ]dbpp.b AXn iq\ymiq\y
clnXamb XXzw ]ca]Zcq]n {]Iminpp. t_
imWvUney, AtmoenX t\{X\pw ncNn\pw
\mkm{K nX ZrjvSnbpamb tbmKn \n `mh {]m]vXn
tbmsS kqcy N{ \mUnIsfbpw himpp. Cu
Ln ]caXXzns {]Xn`mkw Ah\pmIpp.
IaWnsb tPymXnpambn kwtbmPUnnv cp
N P
780
]pcnIsfbpw Aev] w DbWw. CXv ]qhm`ymk
K
amamWv CXns ^eambn D\mh kwPmXam
Ipp. AXpsImv tJNcoap{Z A`ykntXpv.
AXv D\o Zi e`nm CS sImSppp. AtXp
Sv tbmK\n{Z ssIhcpp. tbmK\n{Z e`n tbmKnv
Ime\n. imWvUney, a\v in a[yn m]nv
a\n\m a\ns\ Iv kpJambn hknpI.
BImia[yn Bmhns\ m]nv Bmhns
aZyn BImis m]npI. khhpw BImia
bamn Hpw Xsbnsv NnnWw. _mlyNn
tbm BcnI Nntbm ]mSn. Cs\ khNnbpw
shSnp _mhssNX\yhc\mIWw.
22. Iqc a\te bZzXv sskhw
kente bYm
XYm N eobam\w k akvXtXz hneobtX
23. tbw kh {]XoXw N XvRm\w a\
DNytX m\w tbw kaw \jvSw \m\y
]mZznXobIx
24. tb hkvXp ]cnXymKXv hnebw bmXn
am\kam\tk hnebw bmtX
ssIheyahinjytX
25. `zu{Iau Nn\miky tbmtKm m\w
ap\oizc tbmKkvXZv hrn tcmt[m
ln m\w
kay KthWw
26. Xkva n \ntcm[ntX \q\ aq]imw
at\m `thXv
a\x kv]m]imymbw kwkmc
{]hneobtX
Anbn Iqchpw shn Dpw ebnpXp
t]mse Xs ebnp tbmKnbpsS a\v XXzn
hnebw {]m]npp. AdntbsXmw AdnbWw.,
AXn\p m\amWv a\v BntXv. m\
hpw tbhpsamw \jvSamIm\nSbmIcpXv tb
hkv Xphns\ ]cnXyPnptm a\v hnebw {]m]n
pp. Nn\min\v cp amfmWpXv.
tbmKhpw m\hpw. tbmKw Fp ]dbpXv Nn-
hrnIfpsS \ntcm[amWv. m\sap ]dbpXv
hkv Xphns XXzs bYm cq]nm ImWpI-
sbXmWv. a\ns\ \nb{nm Cu kwkmchpw
hnebw {]m]npw. AXmbXv kmwkmcnIamb hymtaml
hpw AXp \nanw DmImhp tifpw \inpw.
27. kqcytemIx ]cnkv] imu hyhlrXn
bYm imkv{X k\ k
sshcmKym`ym ktbmKXx

I 28. A\mJymbmw IrXmmbmw ]qhw kwkmc
hrnjvT bYmZnhmcnX [ym\mnc
taI X tbmlnXmXv
29. GI XXz ZrVm`ymkmXv {]mW
kv]tm \ncp[ytX
]qcImZy\nembmamXv ZrVm`ymkm ZtJZPmXv
30. GIm[ym\tbmKm a\kv]tm
\ncpytX Hmw
ImtcmmcW {]m i_vZ XXzm\p
`mh\mXv kpjp]vtX kwhnZm mtX
{]mWkv] tm \ncpytX
31. XmepaqeKXmw bXv\mXv
Pnlzb{Iay LnImw
Du[zc{KtX {]mtW {]mW
kv]tm \ncpytX
kqcys {]h\ hn[m\w imamIptm PK
ns I ]cn]mSnIepw imamIpXpt]mse
imkv{XfpsSbpw k\fpsSbpw kw sImv
sshcmKym`ymk tbmKw DmIbm {]]hpw imam
bnocpp. BZyw kmkwImcnI Imcyfn hncn
bpmIWw. ]ns Gsdmew [ym\hpw ZrVm`ym
khpw Dmbm {]]hpw imambncnocpp.
BZyw kmwkmcnI Imcyfn hncnbpmIWw.
]ns Gsdmew [ym\hpw ZrVm`ymkhpw Dmbm
{]mWhmbphns\ \nb{nm km[npp. Hmw
ImtcmmcWn\ptijw i_vZ XXzm\p`qXn DmIp-
Xn\m m\m kpjp]vX nbpsS cq]w a\
nemmw. Atm {]mWs\ Pbnm Ignbpp.
Xmeqaqen nXn sNp {Knsb kmh[m\w
\mpsImv Aaptm {]mWhmbp apIfnse
On{Zn {]thinpp. AtXmsS {]mWs KXn
\ntcm[nsSpp.
32. {]mtW KenX kwenu Xmeq[zw
ZzmZimtK
A`ymkmZqcv[ zIt{W
{]mWkv ]tm\ncp[ytX
33. ZzmZimwKpe ]cyt \mkmt{K hnatemw_tc
kwhnXv Zrin {]imaymw {]mWkv]tm
\ncp[ytX
34. {`qa[ymXcImtemI immh
ap]mKtX tNX
ss\IXt\ _ty {]mW kv]tm
\ncp[ytX
N P
781
35. HmantXyh bZqZv `qXw m\w tbmIw K
inhw Akwk]rjvS hnIev] mwiw
{]mW kv] tm \ncpytX
36. NncImew lrtZIm thymakwthZ\mpt\
Bhmk\ at\m[ym\mXv {]mWkv]tm
\ncpZytX
Amn\p apIfn ]{wKpew Zqsc t]mIp
{]mW KfnX tNjvStbmSp IqSnbXmIpp. Atm
A`ymkw sImv apIfnes ZzmcneqsS {]mWKXn
\ncpamIpp. \mkm{Kn ]Xns\mwKpew Zqsc
\nemImin imambn \ntcm[nsSpp.
]pcnIfpsS at[y XmcI {_w Zinm Ignm
imn e`npw AtXmsS euInI hym]mcfhkm\n
pp. am\knI kev ]cw XSbsSpp. {]mWKXn
\ntcm[nsSpp. m\tb awKfambn
Hmmccq]n hnkebnpp. Atm Aev] hpw
hnIev]an. IqSmsX B kabw {]mWKXn \ntcm[n-
sSpIbpw sNpp. apt\, Gsdmew lrZbn
GImmImim\p`hw DmIp a\v [ymt\mpJ
\mIpp. AtXmsS {]mWKXn \ncpamIpp.
37. G`nx {IssakvXYmss\y \m\mkev]
Iev] nssXx \m\mtZinI h{ss {]mW
kv] tm \ncpZytX BIpt\\ IpWvUen\ymx
IhmS apXvLmSytamZzmcw hnt`ZtbXv tb\ amtW
Khpw XZzmcw aptJ\mmZy {]kp]vXm IpWvUen\o
IpSnemImcw khtZzjv SnXm `hXn km intb\
NmenXm kymXv k Xp aptm `hXn km IpWvUen\o
IWvTtTm[z _mtK kp]]vXm tNXv tbmKn\mw aptb
`hXn _ \mbmt[m aqVm\mw CUmZn amZzbw
hnlmb kpjpav\mamtW BKtXNv XZn]njvtWm
]caw ]Zw
38. acpZ`yk\w khw at\mbpw ka`ytkXv
CXc{X \ Ihym at\mhrn
a\ojnWmw
39. Znhm \ ]qPtbZv hnjvWpw cm{Xu ss\h
{]]qPtbXv
kXXw ]qPtbZv hnjvW p Znhmcm{Xw
\ ]qPtbXv
40. kpjntcmm\P\Im ]t{kmXx
ka\znXXnjvTtX tJNcoap{Zm Xzw ln
imWvUney Xmw `P
41. khy ZnW\mUotm at[y
NcXo amcpXx
XnjvTXx tJNcoap{Z Xkvan mt\
\ kwibx

I Cu {Iafn ]eKpcpmcpsSbpw D]tZia\p
kcnv hnhn[ kev]fpsS Iev]\bm {]mWKXn
\ntcm[nmw. IpWvUen\n ktmNnnv tamZzmcw
DpamWw. am IhmSw apJw sImp aqSn IpWvU
en\n Ddpp. IpWvUen\o in Nennph
ap\mIpw. AXv IWvT n\papIfn Ddpp
Fn tbmKnIv apn {]ZamWv. XmsgbmWpd-
psXn Am\nIv _n\v ImcWam {am cpt]scbpw a[y`mKw \ncmew_amb [cmX
cpw. CU apXemb cp amfpw hnp. kpjpav\m
amneqsS hcWw. ImcWw AXv hnjvWphns ]ca
]ZamWv. hmbphns A`ymkw ]q a\tmSbmIWw.
at\mhrn ap himIcpXv. hnjv Wp ]qP C
Ln thWsasmpan. Ftmgpw ]qPnp bn t]mIptm tJNcoap{Z DmIpp. \mpw Nn
sImncnWw. tIhew ]Item cm{Xntbm ]qPnm
am{Xmw t]mcm. imWvUney, ] {]hmlmIamb m
\IcamWv. AhnsS tJNcoap{Z e`npsaXn kt
lan.
42. CUm ]nwKftbm at[y
iq\yw ssNehm\new
{KtkXv XnjvTo tJNco ap{Zm X{X
kXyw {]XnjvTnXm
43. tkmakqcy Zztbmat[y \ncmew_Xte ]p\x
kwmXm thyma Nt{I km ap{Zm
\mav\m NtJNcn
44. tOZ\ Nme\Zmssl ^emw]cmw Pnlzmw
IrXzm ZrjvS nw{`qat[y m]y I]me
Ipltc Pnlzm
hn]co XKm bZm `hXn XZm tJNco
ap{Zm PmbtX
Pnlzm N Nnw N tJ NcXn
tXt\m[z Pnlz
]pam \rtXm `hXn hma]mZaqte\ tbm\nc
kw]oUy ZnW]mZw {] kmcy Xw Icm`ymw
[rXzm \m km`ymw hmbpam]qcy IWvT _m
kamtcm]y Du[ztXm hmbpw [mctbXv tX\
kh ti lm\n XXx ]nbqjanh
hnjw PocytX
b Kpeva KpZmh Po Xz
KmZn tZmjm
\iyn Gj{]mW Ptbm]mbx
kharXyp]
LmXIx hma]mZm]mjvW n tbm\nmt\
\ntbmPy
ZnW NcWw hmtam cq]cn
kwm]y hmbp
N P
782
am]qcy lrZtb ]pWv UIw \n[mb tbm\nam K
IpWv Uy at\m at[y bYmin [mcbnXzm
kzmm\w `mhtbXv tX\m]tcmknnx
CUmw]nwKfIfpsS a[ynep iq\y`mKw hmbp
hns\ {Kknpp. AhnsS tJNco ap{Z nXn sNp
p. kXyhpw AhnsS Xs IpSnIqpp. kqcyN
eamWv. AhnsS BImi aWvUen tJNcoap{Z hkn
pp. tOZ\w, Nme\w, taml\w Fnh aptJ\
Pnlzsb icnv ap\bpXmn ]pcnIp at[y
ZrjvSnbpdnv I]meOn{Zn \mv hn]coX KXn
hpw I]me On{ZamIp BImin kcnptam
apIfntemp tcmb PnlztbmSp IqSnb B ]pcpj Aac
\mIpp. CSXp Imens aqen aqec{aan
heXp Im \on AXv cp ssIsImpw ]nSnv cp
aqn IqSnbpw hmbp \ndv IWvT_n\p apIfn
tIn apIfntemp s]mnb hmbp XSbWw As\
sNbvXm kIe tifpw \inpw. AtXmsS hnjw
t]mepw AarXw t]mse Zlnpp. Kpevaw DZmhnw
]gInb Pbnbmb Cu D]mbw kIe acWsbpw
XSbpXmWv. CSXp Imens Dqnsb KpZ m\p
tNv heXp Imen shv hmbp\ndv at\m a[y
n bYmin [cnv Xs Bmhns\ [ym\nWw.
As\ sNbvXm A]tcm knn ssIhcpXmWv.
46. _mlymXv {]mWw kamIrjy ]qcbn tXzmZtc
nXw \m`n at[y N \mkmt{K ]mZmw KpjvtT
N bXv\Xx [mctb\km kym
Imtejp hm
kZm khtcmK hn\naptm
`thtZymKo KX
a \mkmt{K hmbp hnPb `hXn
\m`n a[ykh
tcmK hn\mix ]mZmwKpjvT [m cWmXv icoce
LpXm `hXn ck\mZv hmbpamIrjybx
]nt_Xv
kXXw \cx {iaZmlu Xp \
kymXmw \iyn
hym[bkvX Ym
]pdp hmbp BIjnv hbn \ndbv Ww.
AhnsS \nv AXn\s\ \m`o a[ynepw \mkm{K
nepw Imensb s]cp hncenepw a\p aptJ\ lrZb
]qhw [cnWw. Cs\ Fm kybnepw sNp
tbmKn khtcmKhnap\pw oWanmh\pam
Ipp. \mkm{Kn ZrjvSnbpdnm Fm tcmKfpw

I \inpw. ]mZmwKpjvTn [cnm icocemLhw,
\mn IqSnhmbphns\ BIjnv \nccw Dnem
ph\v oWtam Zmltam DmIpIbn. AXv tcmK
ia\hpamWv.
47. kytbm {_mWx Imte
hmbpamIrjybx
]nt_Xv {Xnamkmky IeymWo PmbtX
hmIv kckzXo
48. Ghw jamkm`ymkmXv kh tcmK
\nhrnx Pnlzbm hmbp am\ob Pnlzm aqte
\ntcm[tbXv bx ]nt_ZarXw hnZzm
kIew `{Zaiv\ptX
49. B\ymm\anUbm [mcbnXzm {Zpthmtc
_nt`Iyx {XnZimlmcw hym[ntm]n
hnapNytX
50. \mUo`ymw hmbpamtcm]y \m`u Xpky
]miztbmx LSossIImw htlZykvXp
hym[n`nx k hnapNytX
51. amktaIw {Xnkyw Xp Pnlzbmtcm]y
amcpXwhntZ`y {XnZimlmcw
[mctbp a[yta
52. Pzcm kth hn\iyn hnjmWn hnhn[m\n
N aplqa]n tbm \nXyw \mkmt{K a\km
kl khw XcXn ]m]vam\w Xky PiXm
InXw
cp kyIfnepw hmbphns\ BIjnv AXv
]m\w sNp {_mWs hmWn aqpamkpn
Xs awKfabnbmb kckzXnbmbnocpp. Cs\
Bdp amks A`yk\m khtcmKhpw ian
pp. \mp sImv hmbp kzoIcnv AXns\
PnKzmaqen \nc[np ]WvU nX AarX]m\w
sNpp. Ah\v khawKf knn. CUm\mUnbm
cp ]pcnIfpsSbpw at[y Bmhn Bmhns\
[mcWw sNbvXm Ah tZhmcpsS Blmcs
t`Znpp. tcmKap\mIpp. cp \mUnbn IqSn
bpw hmbphns\ \m`nbn BIjnv hbdns Ccp
]mizfnepw Nennph tcmKapamIpp. Hcp
amkw a[y`mKv \ntcm[nph\pw AarX]m\w
e`npp. Ahs Pzc_m[ ]mtS AIepp. hnjhpw
\inpw. Hcp aplq kabsanepw lrZb]qhw
hmbphns\ \mkm{Kn \nXyhpw [cnp a\pjy
s \qdp Pw sImp IppIqSnb ]m]hpw ]cn]q
Xbpw AIepp.
N P
783
52. XmckwbamXv kIe hnjbm\w `hXn K
\mkmt{K NnkwbamZn { temIm\w
X Z [ n k wbamZ n te mI m\ w
N p joNn k wbamX v batemI m\ w
t{imt{X Nnky kwbamXv batemIm\w
XXv ] mtiz kwbamXv \nZrXn temIm\w
hmaIt kwbamXv hmbp temI m\w
IWvt T kwbamXv tkmatemIm\w aq[v\n
kwbamXv {_temIm\w ]mZmt[m`mtK
kwbamXv AX e temIm\w ]mtZ kwbamXv
hnXe temIm\w Pw tL kwbamXv kpXe
temI m\w Pm\m kwbamXv almXetem
I m\w Ducu Nn kwbamXv ckmXe
temIm\w ISu NnkwbamXv XemXe
temI m\w \m`u Nn kwbamXv al
temIm\w {`qat[y Nn kwbamNXv Xt]m
emI m\w aq[v\n Nn kwbamXv AXoXm
\ mK X m\ w X p [ z\ u N n
k wbamXv k h P p cp X m\ w kwNnX
IWn Nn kwbamXv A\ymZri cq]w _te
NnkwbamXv l\paZmZn _ew kqtcyNn
kwbamXv Xmcm hyql m\w {[pthXZv KXn
Z i \ w k zm k wbamX v ] p c p j m\ w
\m`nN{I Imbhyqlm\w IWvT cqt] pXv
]n]mkmnhrn Iq \mUymw sscyw
Xmtc kn Zi\w ImbmtImi kwbamZmImi
i a\w X X v mt\ kwbmamX v X X v
mt\ XZv kntbm `hn.
Inse IrjvWaWntbmSv Nnw kwtbmPnm
kh hnjb m\w knnpp. \mkm{Kn
Nns kwtbmPnnm C{temI m\w e`n
pp. AXn\p Xmsgbmbn A\ne temIm\w,
Inembm kh temIm\w sNhnbn Nns
kwtbmPnnm batemI m\w e`npp. AXns
]miz `mKmbm cmktemI m\w, apXpIn
Bbm hcpW temIm\w, hes sNhnbn
Bbm hmbp temIm\w, IWvTn N{tem-
Im\w, incnsen {_temIm\w, Dw
Imens `mKsn AXe temIm\w, Imense-
n hnXe temIm\w, Imens knbn \nXe
temIm\w Imens apn kpXe temIm\w,
XpSbn almXe temIm\w, Acbn kwban
tm XemXetemIm\w, \m`nbnsen `qtemI
m\w, hbn _ph temIm\w, lrZbsan
kztemIm\w, lrZtbm]cnbmbm altemI
m\w, IWvTn P\temI m\w, ]pcnI a[y
nsen X]temIm\w, incn kXytemI
m\w, [m[eIfn kwbaw sNbvX m

I `qX`hnjy m\w, hn`n {]mWnIfpsS i_vZn
sen AhbpsS i_vZm\w knX Inse
n ]qPm\w, ]cNnnsen ]cNn
m\w, icoccq]nembm aphcpsS t]mse cq]
knnk _en kwbaw sNbvXm l\pam\pw
ap _ew Inpw. kqcy\n kwbaw sNbvXm `ph\
m\w, N{\nsen \{X aWvU e m\w
{[ph\nsen AXns KXnbpsS Zi\w, kzmn
sen AXns KXnbpsS Zi\w, kzmnsen
]pcpj m\w, IWvTcq]nsen hnipw, Zmlhpw
CmXmm, Iq \mUnbnsen icochyql
m\w, IWvT Iq]nsen hnipw, Zmlhpw
CmXmm, Iq \mUnbnsen sscyem`w,
\{Xfnsen knZi\w, icocmIminsen
BImiKa\w ssIhcpp. Cs\ hn`n m\
fn kwba\w sNbvXm Ah knn {]m]npp.
AY {]Xymlmcx k ]hn[x hnjtbjp
NcXman{nbmWmw _em ZmlcWw {]Xymlmc
bZyXv ]iyXn XXv khamtXn {]Xymlmc
bZyXv ]iyXn XXv khamtXn {]Xymlmcx
\nXyhnlnX I^eXymKx {]Xymlmcx kh
hnjb ]cmMv a pJXzw {]Xymlmcx AjvS mZi
kpa mt\jp {IamXv [mcWw {]Xymlmcx
] m Z mwK p j vT K p ^ P w L mP m\ p c q ] mbp
ta{U\m`n lrZb IWvT Iq] Xmeq\m kmn
{`qa[y eemS aq[v\mw m \m\n tXjp {IamZm
tcmlm htcml {ItaW {]XymltcXv
AY [mcWm km{Xnhn[m B\n at\m[m
cWw Zlcm Imti _mlymImi[mcWw ]rYzn
hy]vtXtPmhmbzmImtijp ] aqn [mcWw
tNXn AY [ym\w XZznhn[w kKpWw \nKpWw
tNXn k KpWw aqn [ym\w \nKpWam
bmYmayw AY kam[nx Pohm ]camss
Iymhm {Xn]pSo clnXm ]cam\ kzcq]m
ip ssNX\ymnIm `hXn.
C\n {]Xymlmcsn ]dbpp. AXv Ap
hn[amWv . hnjbfn s]pgep C{nbsf
_em ]nhenpXns\ {]Xymlmcsap ]dbpp.
Fp tIptm AsXmw BmhnemsWv
a\nempXmWv {]XymlmIw. \nXyhpw sNp
IfpsS ^es XyPnpXmWXv. AXv kh
hnjb hnapJXbmWv {]Xymlmcw. ]Xns\v Ie
fn {ItaW [mcWw sNpIsbXmWv AXns
[w. ]mZmwKpjvTw, KpU^w, PwL, Pm\p, KpZw,
enwKw, \m`n, lrZbw, IWvTIq], Xmeq, aqv, Iv,
{`qa[yw, s\n, Xe Fo `mKfn Btcmlmhtcm-
lW {Ian {]Xymlmcw sNtXpv.
N P
784
[mcWsbn ]dbpIbmsWn AXv aqp hn[
K
nepv. Bmhn a\ns\ [cnpI ZlcmImi
n _mlymImis [cnpI, ]rYzn, Pew, tXPv,
hmbp, BImiw Fo ]aqnIsf [cnpI.
[ym\s kw_nmsWn AXv cp hn[n
emWv kKpW [ym\hpw \nKpW [ym\aqnsb
[ym\npXv kKpW[ym\w B kzcq][ym\amWv
\nKpW [ym\w. kam[nsbnbmsWn Pohm
]cammfpsS GIo`mh\p`qXnbm mXw tbw
mXmhv Fo {X]pNn clnXamb ip ssNX\y
abamb AhbmWv bYmn kam[n.
cmw Aymbw
1. AY imWvUnte ym l ssh {_ jnx
NXpjv T thtZjp {_hnZym ae`am\x Inw
\mt\XyYhmWw `Khw D]kx ]{]
A[oln `Kh, {_ hnZymw tb\ t{itbm
A]m]vkymaoXn ktlm hmNmYhm, imWvUney,
kXyw hnmXwa\w {_ bkv a n CZw
HmXw N t{]mXw N bkvannZw kw N hnssNXn
khw bkvan hnmtX kh anZw hnmXw
`hXn XZhmWn]mZaNpct{imX a Pnlzm
aicoca{Kmlya \ntZiyw
A\cw {_jnbmb imWvUney \mepthZ
fnepw {_hnZy e`nm IgnbmXpsImv `Khm
\mb AYhs\ icWw {]m]nv ]dp. `Khms\,
F\nv \ ssIhcpphm Av {_hnZy ]Tnn
p XcWw. AXp tIv AYhm ]dp. imWvUney,
kXyw hnm\w A\w FnhbpsS kzcq]amWv
]c{_w. Chsbmw AXn HmXt{]Xambncnpp.
DZbmkvXab DmIpXpt]mse GXns\ Adn
memtWm khadnbpXv B ]c{_w IcNcWc
lnXhpw t\{XclnXhpw t{imX clnXhpw Pnlbnm
Xpw icochnlo\hpw AKay\pw Ah\obhpw
BIpp.
btXm hmtNm \nht A{]m]y a\km
k l bX v tI h e w m\ K ay w {] m
Nbkva mXv {]krXm ]qcWo btZIaZznXobw,
BImihXv kh KXw kpkqvaw \ncRvP\w
\njvIncnbw km{Xw NnZm\ssI ckw inhw
{]i m ar Xw X Xv ] cw N {_ X Xzak o
Xmt\\ ln hnPm\oln b GtIm tZh
Bin {][m\ khx kthizcx kh
B i n {][ m\ k h x k thi zc x
k h `q X m c m kh `qX m[ nh mk m
kh`qX\nKqtVm `qXtbm\n tbmssKI Kay

I b hnizw krPXn hnizw _n`n hnizw
`pvtX k Bm B\n Xw Xw temI hnPm
\olo amtimNocm hnm\o timIkymw
KanjyXn
GsXmns\{]m]nmsXbmtWm hmpI a\
tmSp IqSn aSntmIpXv GsXmmtWm m\
KayambncnpXv, bmsXmn \nmtWm, {]mNo\
{]bpsS {]kmcw DmbnpX GsXmmtWm
GIhpw AZznXobhpambncnpXv, \njv {Inb\pw
kXykzcq]\pw NnZm\ssIckhm\pw BImis
tmse kh hym]nbpw AXyw kqvahpw \ncRvP
\pw awKfab\pw AXn imhpw AarXhpw BbnpXv
AXmWv ]c{_w AXp XsbmWv \o. \o AXns\
m\w sImdnbpI. Bmhns ip cq]n
apJy\mb GItZh\pw kh`qXm[nhmk\pw kh`qX
fnepw \nKqVambn hknph\pw `qXfpsS
DXv]n m\hpw tbmssKIKay\pw hnizns
{kjvSmhpw hnizns kwcI\pw, hnizns
kwlmcI\pw B BmhpXsbmWv. Fm temI
fpw B Bmhn hknppshv \o a\nem
pI. \o ZpxJntXn. Bmhns\nbp
hntijm\w e`np ]w \n\v timIns
Ahkm\w (ZpxJanm Ah) {]m]nm km[n-
pXmWv.
aqmw Aymbw
AssY \w i mW vU ne y x A Y h mW w
]{]btZIacw \njv{Inbw inhw km{Xw
]cw {_ Xkva mXv IYanZw hnizw PmbtX IYw
obtX I Y w A k van eobtX X X v ta
kwibwtOpalkn ktlmhmNmY hm,
kXyw imWvU ney ]cw {_ \njv {Inba
c anX n A Y k A c q]k y {_ a k v{X oW n
c q] mW n `h n k I fw \ nj v e w k I f
\njv I fw CXn bXv kXyw hnm\am\w
\njv{Inbw \ncRvP \w khKXw kpkqva w
khtXmapJw A\ntZiyw AarakvXn XZnZw
\njIfw cq]w AYmky bm klPm kvXn Ahn
Zymaqe {]IrXn ambmtemlnX ip IrjvWm
Xbm klmbhm tZh x I rj v W ]nwKtfm
atlizcx CujvtS XZZaky kIfnjvIfw cq]w
A\cw imWvU ney AYhmtbmSv tNmZnp.
GI\pw Ac\pw {InbmclnX\pw awKfkzcq]\pw
km{Xhpw Bb ]c{_n \npw Cu hnizw
Fs\bmWpmIpXv? Fs\ nXn sNpp.?
Fs\ AXn ebnpp? Fs Cu kwibw
AIncWw. Atm AYhm ]dp imWvUney,
N P
785
]camamWv, ]c{_w \njv {Inbhpw Achpw K
BsWnepw AXn\p aqp cq]fpv. kIfw \njvIfw
kIf \njvIfw Fns\. kXyhpw hnm\hpw
B\hpw \njv{Inbhpw \ncRvP\hpw Aac\pambncn-
pXmWv \njvIfcq]w. IqSmsX Cu ]c{_ns
klPamb AhnZym aqe {]IrXnbpw ambbpw sNav
shfpv Idpv Fo \nd tNXpw Dv. ht`Z-
tmsS Cu tZh Fsbpw FmhcpsSbpw Cuiz
c\pw \nbmhpw Bbnocpp. AXv kIf\njvIf
cq]sas{X.
2. AssYj mXatb\ X]km Nobam\x
AImabX _lp kymw {]PmtbtbXn AssYX
kva mXv X]y am\mXv kXy ImamXv {XoWy
cmWn APmb Xn t{km hymlrXbx {Xn]Zm
Kmb{Xo {Xtbm thZmx {Xtbm tZhm {Xtbm hx
{Xntbmb Pmbt tbmku tZthm `Khm
k ss hi zc y k x k h hy m] n k h`q
Xm\mw lrZtb knhnjvtSm ambmho ambbm
{IUn k {_m k hnjvW p cp{Zx C{x k
kth tZhmx khmWn `qXm\n k Gh ]pc
kvXmXv k Gh ]mXv k GthmcXx k Gh
ZnWXx k thm[ kvXmXv k Gthm]cnjv SmXv
k Gh khw AYmky tZhky Bin
{IoUky `m\pInt\m Zmt{Xb cq]mkp
cq]m X\qcphmkm Cohc Zf {]Jym NXp
_mlpctLmcm ]m] Imin\o XZn Xaky kIew
cq]w
A\cw Cu ]c{_w m\mIamb X]p-
sImv hrn {]m]nv Cs\ B{Klnp. F\nv
At\Iw cq]fn Dev]amIWw. XpSv Cu ]c{_
w X]p sNbvXp. Atm khIma\ItfmSp IqSnb
AXn \npw aqv ActfmSp IqSnb AXn
\npw aqv Acfpmbn AXpt]mse aqv
hymlrXnIfpw aqp ]mZfp Kmb{Xnbpw aqp
thZfpw aqv hfpw aqv AnIfpw {]Xy-
sp. `Kh{Zq]n ksshizcykambn kh
hym]nbmbn kIe {]mWnIfpsSbpw lrZbn IpSn
sImpXmbn ambmhnbmbn ambtbmSp {IoUoIcnp-
Xmbncnp Cu `Khm XsbmWv ]c{_w.
hnjvW phpw cp{Z\pw C{\pw AXp Xs kakv X
tZhmcpsSbpw kakv X `qXlfpsSbpw cq]n
ImWsSpXpw ]c{_w Xs. Cs\ khhpw
AXp Xs. Cu tZh Xs intbmsSmw {IoUn
ph\pw `mcn Ir]bph\pamWv. CXns
icocw Zmt{Xb cq]hpw ZbmXoXhpw ]m]clnXhpw
Bbn {]Iminpp. CXmWv ]c{_ns kIf cq]w.

I AY ssl\aYhmWmw imWvUneyx ]{]
`Khm km{Xmw NnZm\ssI ckw IkvamZp
NytX ]cw {_tXn ktlmhmYhmb kvamNp
_rKXn _yplbXn N khnXkv a mZpNytX
]cw{_tXn AYIkv a mZpNytX B tXn,
bkva mXv khhm ]vt\mXn khamZt kh
an N Xkvam ZypNytX BtXn AY Ikva mZp-
NytX atlizc CXv bkvammlX Cui i_vZ
[z\ym N Biym N alX CuitX Xkvam
Zp NytX atl {i CXn A Y I kv a mZ pNy tX
Zmt{Xb CXn bkva mXv kpZpcw X]kvX
]yam\mbm{Xtb]p{X Imam bmXn Xcmw XpjvtS\
`KhXmtPymXn atb\mssh Ztm bkvamXv
N A\kqbmbmat{X X\tbm`hXv XkvamZyptX
Zmt{Xb
CXn AYtbmky \ncpm\n thZ k khw
thZ AY tbmK ssh hnZyssb\w ]cap]mkvtX
tkmlanXn k {_hnZv `hXn Ass{Xt{X
tmIm `hn.
hopw imWvUney AYhmhnt\mSv tNmZnp `K-
h, kXykzcq]\pw XymKw ssNX\yw B\w Fn-
hbpsS GIckhpw Bb CXns\ ]c{_sap ]dbp-
Xv Fp sImmWv? Atm AYhmhv ]dp.
CXv kzbw hrnsb {]m]npIbpw aphsc A`nhr-
nsSppIbpw sNpXp sImv AXns\ ]c{_w
Fp ]dbpp. AXns\ Bmshp ]dbpsXp
sImmWv? AXv khnepw hym]nncnp kh-
sbpw {Klnpp. khsbpw `Pnpp. AXp-
sImv AXns\ Bmhv Fp ]dbpp. atlizc
Fp ]dbpsXmWv? AXv i_vZw sImpw [z\n
sImpw B in sImpw henbhcpsSsbmw
\nbmhmWv . henbhcpsSsbmw C uizc\mWv .
AXpsImv AXns\ atlizcs\v ]dbpp. AXns\
Zmt{Xb Fp ]dbpsXpsImmWv?AXyw
ZpjvIcamb X]cy sImv A{Xn aljn ]p{X\pm-
N P
786
IWsa Bi hlnp. Atm tPymXnab\mb `K-
K
hm Atln {]kmZnv kzcq]ss At-
ln\v ]p{X cq]n sImSpp. Atlw Xs
A{XnbpsSbpw A\kqbbpsSbpw ]p{X\mbn AhXcnp.
AXpsImv Atls Zmt{Xbs\v ]dbpp. Cu
kmI \masf AhbpsS DXv]n klnXw Adnbp-
h k\mbno]pp. hnZybm Cu ]camm-
hns\ D]mknph Rm XsbmWv Cu ]camm-
hv F `mth\ {_m\nbmbnocpp. CXns\
kw_np tmIfpv.
1. Zmt{Xbw inhw im an{\oe\n`w {]`pw
BambmcXw tZhah[qXw ZnKw_cw
2. `kvtamqfnX khmwKw PSmPqS[cw hn`pw
NXp _mlpapZmcmwKw {]^p IateWw
3. m\tbmK\n[nw hnizKpcpw
tbmKnP\{]nbw
`m\pIn\pw khkmnWw
kn tkhnXw
4. Ahw bx kXXw [ymtbXv tZh tZhw
k\mX\w
k apx kh ]mt]t`ym \nx
t{ib kahm]p\p
bmXv CtXymw kXyanXyp]\njXv
im\pw awKfmI\pw C{\oew t]mse iymaf
\pw BambmcX\pw Ah[qX\pw `kvt amqfnX
khmwK\pw PSm[mcnbpw hym]I\pw NXp_mlphpw
DZmcmwK\pw XmacI\pw m\tbmK khkzhpw
hnizKpcphpw tbmKnIv {]nbwIc\pw `m\pIn\w
khkmnWw kntkhnX\pw tZhtZh\pw k\mX
\pamb Atls \nccw [ym\nph kh]m]
fn \npw ap\mbn tamw {]m]npp. Cs\
Hw kXyw D]\njv kam]np.
imWvUnteym]njv kam]np,

I K
1 imco-cn-tIm-]-\n-jv
imn ]mTw
Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl\u `p\-p. kl-
hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-akvXpx am
hnZznjm hssl. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Rsf cp-t]-scbpw Hcp-anv cn--
s. R cp-t ]-s cbpw Hcp-anv ]cn-] m-e n--s .
R cp-t]cpw Hcp-an Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-
fpsS A[y-b\w tXP-kz-bn-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw hntZz-
jn-m-Xn-cn--s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
1. Hmw. AYmXx ]rYn-hymZn alm-`q-Xm\mw ka-hmbw
ico-cw. bXv ITn\w km ]rYn-ho-bZv {Zhw XZm-t]m-
b-ZpjvWw XttPm bXv k-cXn k hmbp
bXv kpjnXw XZm-Im-iw.
ico-cw, ]rYnhn XpS-nb ]-`q-X - -fpsS k-b-
am-Ip-p. CXn ITn-\-am-bn-p-Xv ]rYznbpw {Zh-am-bn-p-
Xv Pehpw DjvWa - m-bn-p--Xv. tXPpw Ncn-p-Xv
hmbphpw kpjncw BIm-ih - p-am-Ip-p.
2. t{im{Xm-Zo\n mt\-{n-bmWn t{im{X-am-Im-
ti-hmbu XzKku Np-c]vkp Pnlzm ]r-Ynhymw
{LmW- a n- X n. Gh- a n- {n- b mWmw bYm {Ita- W .
i_vZk- v]i-cq-]-c-k-K -m-tXn hnjbmx ]rYn-
hymZn alm-`q-tXjp {Ita-tWm-Xv]mx
t{im{Xw XpS-n-bh mt\-{n-b--fm-Wv. BIm-i-
n t{im{Xhpw hmbp-hn Xzpw tXP-n Nppw
Pe-n \mpw ]rYzn-bn {LmWw, i_vZw, kv]iw,
cq]w, ckw, Kw Fn-h-bp-am-Wv. Ch ]rYzn XpS-nb
alm-`q-X--fn \np-m-Ip-p.
3. hmIv ]mWn ]mZ ]mbq-]-m-Jym\n It-{n-
bmWn tXjmw {ItaW hNm-Zm\ Ka\ hnkm-
\m sstX hnjbmx ]rYn-hymZn alm-`q-tXjq
{Ita-tWm-Xv]mx
hmv, Iv, Imev, hmbp, D]w Fnh It-
{n-b--fm-Wv. Ch-bpsS hnj-b- bYm-{Iaw hN-\w,
Zm\w, Ka-\w, hnk-\w, B\w Fn-h-bm-Ip-p. Ch
]rYzn XpS-nb alm-`q-X- -fn \np {ItaW Dev]--
-fm-W.v
4. at\m-_p-n-c-l-m-c -n--a-Xyx IcW NXp-
jvSbw tXjmw {ItaW kev] hnI-ev]m- y-h-
km-bm-`n-am\m h[m-cWm kzcq]m sstX hnjbm
a\x m\w Kfmw _pth-Z\ al-m-c ky
lrZbw Nn-ky-\m-`n-cn-Xn.
N P
787
3
a\-n, _pn, Al-m-cw, Nnw Fnh Ax-I-
c-WN- -Xp-jvSb
- -am-Ip-p. Ch-bpsS hnj-b- bYm-{Iaw
k-ev]-hn-I-ev]- A[y-h-km-bw, A`n-am-\w, Ah-[m-
cWw Fn-hb - m-Wv. a\-ns m\w Kf-ns Ay-
`m-Kpw _pn-bpsS m\w apJhpw Al-m-c-ns
m\w lrZ-bhpw Nn-ns m\w \m`n-bp-am-Wv.
5. An- N - \ m-U o-tcma amwkm-tXn ]rYn-
hymwimx aq{X-tjva c ip tkzZmx A_wimx
pXv Xrjv W m- e ky taml ssaXp-\ m-\ ytx
{]Nm-cW hnte-J\ qem-Zy-t\zj \nta-j m-Zn-
hmtbmx Ima-t{Im-[-tem` taml `bm-\y-Im-i-ky.
An, Nw, \mUn, tcmaw amwkw Fnh
]rYzn-bpsS Awi- -fm-W v. aq{Xw, I^w, cw,
ipw, hnbv Fnh Pemw-i-f - m-Wv. hni-v,
Zmlw, Bekyw, tamlw, ssaYp-\w Ch An-
bpsS Awi- -fm-Ip-p. {]Nm-c-W w, hnte-J-\w,
qem-Zn-I , Dt-j\ - n-ta-j - Fnh hmbp-
hns Awi- - f m- W v . Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w,
tamlw `bw Fnh BIm-i-ns Awi--fm-
Ip-p.
6. i_vZk
- v]i cq]-ck Kmx ]rYn ho KpWmx
i_v Z kv ] i cq]- c - k m- m]mw KpWx i_vZ -
kv]i cq]m-Wmn KpWx i_vZk - v]tim]vXn
hmbpw KpWu i_vZ GI BIm-i-ky.
i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw Fnh ]rYzn-
bpsS KpW--fm-Wv. i_vZw, kv]iw, ckw Fnh Pe-
ns KpW--fm-W.v i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w Fnh
An-bpsS KpW--fm-Ip-p. i_vZhpw kv]ihpw hmbp-
hns KpW-. i_vZw am{Xw BImins KpW-hpw.
7. kmXznI cmPk Xmak-e-W
- m\n
{Xtbm KpWmx
8. Alnwkm kXy-a-kvtXb {_-Nc - ym-]c
- n-{Klmx
At{Im[m Kpcp-ip-{iqjm iuNw ktmj
BP-hw.
9. Aam-\nXz aZw-`nXz amkvXn-IXz alnw-kXm
GtX kth-Kp-Wm-tbmx kmXzn-Iky
hnti-jX
10. Alw Imkvay lwt`mm kvaylw
hm `nam-\-hm
GtX KpWx cmP-kky t{]mNy-t
-{_--hn-ssax

I 11. \n{Zm-etky taml cmKu-ssa-Yp\w Nucy-tah
GtX KpWm-kvXm-a-kky t{]Nyt
{_-hm-Zn`nx
KpW-{Xbw FXv kmXzn-Iw, cmP-kw, Xmakw Ch-
bm-Wv. Alnw-k, AkvtX-bw, {_-Nc - yw, A]-cn-{K-lw, aty t{X--s\v ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
At{Im[w, Kpcp-tk-h, iuNw, ktm-jw, B-hw,
Aam-\n-Xzw, AZw-`n-Xzw, BkvXn-Iyw, Alnwk Fnh 16. _pnx It-{nb {]mW-]
kmXzn-Is hnti-j-Kp-W--fm-Wv. Rm Im-hm-sW-
p-ap A`n-am\w cmPk {]Ir-X- m-cp-tS-Xm-sWv {_-
hm-Zn-I ]d-bp-p. \n{Z, Be-kyw, tamlw, cmKw, ssaYp-
\w, tamjWw Fnh Xmak {]Ir-Xn-m-cp-tS-Xm-sWv
{_-hm-Zn-I A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
12. Dut[z kmXzntIm
at[y cmPtkm A[-kvXma
k CXn, kXy-m\w
kmXznIw [-m\w
13. cmPkw Xnan-cmw Xma-k-an-Xn.
kmXznIw D-a-am-sWpw cmPkw a[y-a-am-sWpw
cmakw A[-a-am-sWpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kXy-m\w
kmXzn-Ihpw [-m\w cmP-khpw Xnan-cm-kv Xma-
khpw BsWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
14. Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp-]vXn Xpco-ba - nXn
NXphn[mx Ahmx mt\ {nb It-
{n-bmx IcW NXp-jvSbw NXpZ-i-Ic - -Wb
- pw
Pm{K-Xv. Ax-Ic- -WN - X
- p-jvSssb tch kwbpx
kz]v\x Nnss-II - c - Wm kpjp]vXnx tIhe Poh-
bp tah Xpco-ba - n-Xn.
15. Do-enX \nao-enX a[y Poh ]c-am--t\m
at[y Pohmm t{X CXn
hnm-b-tX.
Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn, Xpcobw Fo \mev
Ah--Ifpw mt\-{nbw, It-{n-bw,X \mev Ax-
N P
788
I-cW
-
- Fn-hbpw tN-XmWv Pm{K-v. kz]v\-
K
n \mev Ax-I-c-W - hkn-p-p. kpjp-]vXm-h-
-bn tIhew Nnw am{Xw hkn-p-p. Xpco-b-n
Poh am{Xta Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bp-q. Do-en-X\
- m-ao-en-X-
-fpsS at[y nXn-sN-p Poh ]c-am-m-hns
- s
- sI
a-\km [nbm
icocw k]vX Zi`nx kpkqvaw enwK-ap-NytX
17. at\m _pn-cl
-
- mcx Jm\nemn Pem\n `px
GXmx {]Ir-Xb kvXzjvSu hnImcmx
tjmU-i m-] tc
18. t{im{Xw XzIv Np jo Pnlzm-{LmWw
ssNh-Xq-]-aw
]mbp-]u Icu ]Zu hmv ssNh
Ziao aXm
19. i_vZx kv]iw N cq]w N ctkm
KkvX ssYh N
{Xtbm hnwiXn tcXm-\n-X-Xzm\n {]Ir-Xm-\nXp
20. NXp hnwi-Xnc hyw {][m\w ]pcpjx
]cx CXyp-]\
- n-jXv
mt\-{n-b -, It-{n-b-, ]-{]m-W-
, a\-v, _pn Fn-s\ ]Xn-t\gv Fhpw kpkq-
va--fmb enwK-amWv Fv ]d-bp-s-Sp-p. a\- v, _pn,
Al-m-cw, BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYzn Fnh
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS AjvS-b-hn-Im-c
- -fm-Wv. t{im{Xw, Xzv,
t\{Xw, Pnlzm, \mkn-I, Ch Apw KpZw, D]-w, lkvX
-]m-Z
- , hmWn Ch Apw i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w,
ckw, Kw Fo Apw tNv Ccp-]-n-aqv {]Ir
Xn XXz- Dm-Ip-p. Ccp-]-n-\m-em-a-t-Xmb Ahy-
-n\v hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-v. ]pcp-j AXn\pw AXo-
X-\m-Wv. Cs\ imco-c-tIm-]\ - n-jv ]cy-hk- m-\n-p.
imco-cn-tIm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.
 789
I K
1 inh-k--evt]m-]-\n-jv
1. bm{KtXm ZpcaptZXn ssZhw
XZp kp]vXky XssYthXn
Zpcw Kaw tPymXntcIw Xt
inhkev ] akvX p
2. tb\ ImWv]tkm at\mjntWm
bt Irm hnZt[jp
[ocmxbZ]qhw bax
{]Pm\mw Xt a\x inh
kev] akvXp.
3. bXv {]m\pX tNXm
[rXn bPtPymXnccarXw
{]Pmkpx bkvam EtX In
\ I {InbtX Xt
a\x inhkev]akvXp
4. tbt\Zw `qXw `ph\w `hn
jyXv ]cnKrloXartX\
khw tb\ bkvXm
btX k]vX tlmXm Xt
a\x inh kev] akvXp
5. bkvaorNx kmabpw
jnbkvan {]XnjvTnXm cY\m
`mhnhmcmx bkvanwnw
khtamXw {]Pm\mw Xt
a\x inhkev] akvXp
6. kpjmcYn izm\nh b\jym
t\obtX `oip`n ehmPn\
Ch lrXv{]XnjvTw bZPncw
PhnjvTw XtXz a\x inhkev]akvXp
N P
3
1. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v DWncpmepw Ddn-
bncpmepw Gsd Zqcn t]mIpIbpw kIe C{nb
fnepw BImin \{XmZnIfpsS a[yn kqcy
s\t]mse {]IminpIbp sNpp. B RfpsS
a\ns\ Ir]tbmsS ip` kev]fn tNn
Wnbmepw.
2. `Khms\, bmtXmcp a\n\m tbmKnIfpw PvR m\-
tbmKnIfpw bw sNp ap\nhcmcpw ip`I
sNpp. As\bpff RfpsS a\ns\ ip`
kev]w tNXmnopI.
3. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v Db tImSnbnepff bYm
m\n\v km[\`qXamWv. bmsXmcp kv acW
inbpamWv, bmsXmv Zo]w t]mse {]IminXam
Ipp,hnhn[]Zmfmbn ]cnWan pp, B
RfpsS a\ns\inhkev]hmpI.
4. bmsXmcp a\v `qX`hnjy ham\fpsS m\w
IeXmWv. bmsXmv bmnI{_stmse
icocn \nesImv Fm C{nbsfsmpw
Bmhn\m
Cu icocbs Pzennpp. As\bpff
a\ns\ ip`kev]wIeXmpI.
5. `Khms\, bmsXmcp a\v EIv bPpxkafpsS a[y
n Ahsb kvarXn ]Ynsenp sImv cY
ns N{Ifn Bctmset]mse \nesIm
ffpp, AXns\ Av ip`kev]w tNXmpI.
5. hnZKv[ \mb tXcmfn _ehpw thKhpapff IpXn
IcIsf \nb{npp, AtX {]Imcn bmsXmcp
a\v Nnmioecmb a\pjycpsSbpw hnZzmmcpsSbpw
amw Impp, bmsXmv lrZbn \nesImffpp,
hmIyadnbmXmIpp. in imenbmIpp, B
a\ns\ ip`kev]bpamnsbvXmepw
inhkevt]m\njv kam]np.
 790

I K
1 ipI-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv 3

imn-]mTw b{Xo a{w D]-tZ-in-m-\p kabw ASp-n-cn-p-p.

Av PKZv Kpcp-hm-Wtm? AXn-\m {_-s--nbpw
Hmw kl \mh-hXp kl \u `p\p kl-
]c-am XXz-s- -nbpw D]-tZ-in--Ww.
hocyw Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzn \mh-[o-X-akvXp am
hnZzm-jm-hssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx 4. Cuizcx DhmN:-
Hmw ]c-{_w \s cp t]tcbpw cn--s. AXv atbm-]-Znt ssIhtey I
\s cp t]tcbpw ]cn-]m-en- -s. \mw cp t]cpw Hcp- kmmXv {_Wn imiz-tX, I
anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[ym-b\w tXtPm-a-b- hnlmb ]pt{Xm \nth-ZmXv I
am-Is- . \mw ]c-k]
v cw hntZzjw ]pem-Xn-cn--s. Hmw {]Imiw bmkyXn kzbw II
imnx imnx imnx
inh ]dp: kmmXv k\m-X-\-amb {_-s-
1. AYmtXm cl-tkym-]-\n-jZw hymJym-kymtam n A- bpsS ]p{X\v D]- tZiw sImSp- m Ah kh-
tZhjtbm {_mWw kw]qPy {]Wn-]-Xy-]-{]- kzhpw Dt]-nv sshcmKyw kzoI-cnv kzbw {]Imi cq]-
p`-K -h--kvamIw cl-tkym-]-\n-jZw n \ne-sIm-pw.
{_qloXn tkm f A{_hoXv
5. {ioth-Z-hymk DhmN:
]pcm thymtkm alm-tXPm I
bYm XYm hm `hXp I
kthZ Xt]m-\n[nx I
lyp]m-\ -b-\-IaWn I
{]Wn-]Xy inhw kmw_w I
D]-Znt aa kptX I
IrXm-RvP-en-cp-hmN l II
{_Wn XzXv {]km-ZXx
hopw cl- tkym-]-\n-j-n-s\- n ]d- bp-p. Hcn-
6. khtm `hXp n{]w I
tZhjn-am {_m-hns\ ]qPnv \a-kI v -cn tijw At-
l-tmSp ]d-p. ""`K-hm-t\, Rv KqV-amb D]-\n- aa ]pt{Xm atl-izc I
j-Xzw D]-tZ-inp Xmepw'' AXp-tIv {_mhv ]d- Xh {]km-Z-k-tm I
p.'' apsm-cn- kh-th-Z-\pw alm-tX-P-kznbpw et`-pnw NXphn[mw II
Xt]m-\n-jT
v -\p-amb thZ-hym-k ]mhXo kta-X-\mb `K-
thZ-hym-k ]dp: Fp-am-bn-sm--s. Cu
hm inhs\ \a-kvI- cnv sXmgpXv At- l- tmSp ]d-p.
btm-]-\-ho-X-k-a-bv A-bn \npw {_-m-
2. {io thZ-hymk DhmNx t\m-]-tZiw kzoI-cnv Ah hfsc thKw kh--\m-
tZh-tZh alm {]m- I bn- o-c p-I bpw A-b psS A\p-{K-l - m Ah\v
]mi-t-ZZ- rV {hX I NXphn-[- tamw e`n-p-Ibpw sN-s.
ipIky ta X\q-Pky I 7. XXv {ipXzm hymk hN\w I
thZ-kw-kvImc IWn I kh-tZ-hjn kwkZn I
D]-tZpw nXx iw`px I
kmwt_m Znhym kt\ apZm
3. {_tm-]-tZi Imteym f
ban-Zm\ow kap-]-nXx II hymks B hmp tIv `K-hm i-c {]k--
\mbn ]mh-Xn-bp-samp tZhjn-am-cpsS k`-bn D]-
{_tm-]-tZix Ihyx
tZiw sImSp-m-\mbn Hcp Znhy-]o-T-n Ccp-p.
`h-XmZy PK-ZvKptcm I
8. IrX-IrXyx ipI-kvX{X I
{io thZ-hym-k ]dp: "tZh tZh alm-tZh alm- kam-KXy kp`-n-am I
{]m- , Pohs {]] ]miw hnt-Zn-p alm-{]-t`m,
XkvamXv kp{]-Whw e_v[zm I
Fs ]p{X- \mb ipIs thZm-[ym-b\w Bcw- `n-p-tm
A\p-jvTn-t btm-]-ho-X-I-n {]W-h-Km- ]p\-cnXy {_hoXv inhw II
N P
 791

I IrX-Ir-Xy\pw `n- am- \p-amb ipI `K- hm inhs\ 16. cl-tkym-]-\n-jZv {_ I K

\a-kI
v c
- n--Xn-\p-tijw {]W-h-in kzoI-cnv ]d-p. [ymXw tb\ hn]-nXm I
9. {io ipI Dhm-N Xossx ass{-{ ip-ssXP-ss]y
tZhm-Zn-tZh kh I kvXky Inw ]pWy-tl-Xp`nx
kn-Zm-\--e-W I 17. hmIymky hnNm-tcW I
Dam-c-aW `qtXi I bZm-]vt\m-Xn-i-c-Xw I
{]koZ Icp-Wm-\nt[ II GI-hm-c-P-t ]-s s\h I
tZh-tZ-h, kh- kn- Zm- \- -e-- W, Da- ]-tX, `qtX- Ejym-Zn-[ym-\-X bXv II
i, Icp-Wm-\nt[ Ap Fn {]km-Zn-m-epw.
{io ]c-a-in-h ]dp: m\ \n[n-bmb ipI-tZ-
10. D]-Znw ]cw-{_ I h, Av bYm-n _pn-am-\m-Wv, thZ--fpsS cl-
{]W-hm-KXw ]cw I ky-a-bhpw mX-hy-hp-amb hnj-b--sf--n-bm-Wtm
tNmZnN--Xv. AXn- \m Av cl- tkym-]- \n-jv Fp
Xz-a-k ym-Zn-hm-I ym\mw I
t]cp Cu \nKqV XXzw jUw-K-\ymk klnXw D]-tZin-
{]m-Zo\mw hnti-jXx II mw. CXns m\w t\Sn-bm tamw knn-p-sa-
11. t{imXp anNvOman XtXz\ I -Xn kwi-b-an-. AwK-lo-\ - -fmb hmIy- Kpcp
jUw-Km\n bYm-{Iaw I D]- t Z- i n- m ]mSn- . Fm alm- hm-Iy--sfbpw jUw-K-
k- lnXw Xs D]- tZ-in- t--Xp- v. NXpth-Z--fnepw D]-
h-hym\n cl-kym\n I
\n-j-Z`v mKw kh-t{i-jvT-am-sW-Xp t]mse Fm D]-\n-
Ir]-bmZy Zminh II j-p-I-fnepw shv Cu cl-tkym-]-\n-jv t{ijvT-am-W.v
- --nbpw AXnepw AXo-X-ambn Cu D]-\n-j-ns ]T-\m-\p-jvTm-\- \nh-ln-h
{]W-hm--kz-cq-]s - \v
nXn sNp ]c-{_-s - --nbpw Av D]-tZ-in-p. ]pWy- n\v Imc- W - amb Xo- k \
v m- \ tam thZm- Zn- ]m- T tam
Fm F\nv XXz-akn XpS-n-b-hm-Iy-sf jUw-\- P]m-Zn-Itfm Hpw Bh-iy-an-. \qdp hjw alm-hm-Iy--
\ym-k- {Ia klnXw tIm Bi- bp--Xn-\m Fn sf-n hnNn-s\ sNbvXm Inp ^ew hmIy--fpsS
Zb-hp- mbn AXn-c- l-ky-- fmb B alm-hm-Iy-sf hni- D]-m-Xm--fmb Ejn-amsc kvacn--Xp-sImpw Nn- \m-
Z-ambn D]-tZ-inp Xm-epw. Zn-I sImpw Hcp XhW P]n-m e`n-p--Xm-W.v

12. {io kZm-inh DhmNx- Hmw Aky-{io-a-lm-hm-Iy-a-lm-a-{ky lwk

km[p km[p alm {]m I Ejnx, Ahy Kmb{Xn Ox, ]ca lwtkm tZh-
Xm-lw. _oPw. kx inx. tkmlw, Ioe-Iw, aa
ipI, m\ \nt[ apt\ I
]c-a-lwk {]oXyt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx, kXyw
{]hyw Xp Xzbm ]rw I m\-a-\w {_, AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax, \nXym
clkyw thZ-K`nXw II \t {_ X-\o`ymw kzmlm \nXym-\ - -abw
{_Mva-a-[ym-am`ymw hj-Sv, tbm ssh `qam A\m-an-
13. cl-tkym-]-\n-j-mav\m I
Im`ymw lpw, tbm ssh `qam-[n-]Xnx I\n-jvTn-Im`ymw
kj-Uw-Kan tlmNytX I huj-S v, GI-ta-h m-Zzn-X obw {_ Ic-X -e -I -c -] r-
bky hnm-\-am-t{XW I jvTm`ymw ^Sv, kXyw m\-a-\w {_-lr-Z-bmb
tamw kmm kwibx II \ax, \nXym-\tm {_ inctk kzmlm \nXym-\-
-abw {_ inJmssb hj-Sv, tbm ssh `qam Ih-
14. AwK-lo-\m-\n-hm-Iym\n I
Nmb lpw, tbm ssh `qXm-[n-] Xnx t\{X-{X-bmb
Kpcpt\m-]-Zn-tiXv ]p\x I hujSv GI-ta-hm-Zzn-Xobw {_ Akv{Xmb ^Sv,
kj-Uw-Km-\yp-]-Znti I `q`p-h-kz-tcm-anXn ZnKv_x
alm-hm-Iym-\ n-Ir-\v ix II
[ym\w
15. NXpWm-a]n thZm\mw I
\nXym-\w ]c-a-kp-JZw tIhew
btYm-]-\n-j{Zx incx I
m\-aqnw I
Cbw cl-tkym-]-\nj I
Zzmzm-XoXw KK\ kZriw XXz-a-kym-Zn-eyw I
tYm-]-\n-jZmw incx II

N P
 792

I GIw \nXyw hna-e-a-New kh[o in, ]mm Ioe- Iw, Poh- {_-ss-Iymt Pt] hn\n-
K
kmym-`qXw I tbmKx ]rYn-hr-_-Zz-Wp-Imb AwKp-m`ymw \ax A_vZz-
`mh-XoXw {XnKpW clnXw kZvKpcpw Wp-Xmb XP-\o`ymw kmlm, tXtPm_vZz WImb a[y-
Xw \aman II am`ymw hjSv hmbp- _vZz-Wp- Imb A\m- an-Im`ymw lpw, BIm-
Kv_vZz-Wp-Imb A\m-an-Im`ymw hujSv ]rYn-hr-]tv X-tPm-hm-
AY alm-hm-Iym\n NXzmcn bYm
bv]m- Imi _vZrWp- tI`yx Ic- X-e-I-c- ]r- jvTm`ymw ^Sv, `q`qh
1. Hmw {]m\w {_ kph-tcm-anXn ZnKv_x,
2. Hmw Alw {_m-kvan.
3. Hmw Xz-a-kn. [ym\w
4. Hmw Ab-amm {_. Pothm {_tXn hmIymw I
XXz-a-ko-Xy-t`-Z-hm-N-I-anZw tb P]n tX inh- bmh-ZkvXn a\xnXn I
km-bq-Py-ap-n-`mtPm `h-n, XXv ]Z-alm a{ky sFIyw XXzw etb Iph I
]c-a-l wkx Ejnx Ahy- -Km-b {Xn Ox, ]c-a-
[ymtb-Zkn ]Zw kZm I
lwtkm tZh-Xm, lw _oPw, kx inx, tkm f
lyw Ioe-Iw, aa kmbq-Py-ap-yt Pt]-hn-\n- Ghw alm-hm-Iy-jUw Km\yp-m\n
tbmKx, XXv ]pcp-jmb AwKp-jvTm`ymw \ax, Cuim- \mep alm- hm-Iy- {]tXyIw A\p-kva-cn- m BS-
\mb XP-\o`ymw kzmlm AtLm-cmb a[y-am`ymw Nm-cy \nt-in-p-p.
hjSv ktZym-Pm-Xmb A\m-an-Im`ymw lqw, hma-tZ- 1. Hmw {]m\w {_
hmb I\n-jvTn-Xm`ymw huj-Sv, XXv]p-cpjx im\m-
(sF-X -tc-tbm-]-\n-j- v)
tLmc ktZym-Pm-Xh - m-a-tZ-tht`ymx \ax, Ic-X-e-Ic
]rjvTm`ymw ^Sv Ghw lrZ-bm-Zn-\ymkx `q`q-h- 2. Alw {_mkvan
kp-h-tcmw-anXn ZnKv_x (_r-l-Z m-c-W y-tIm-]-\ n-j-v)
3. Hmw XXz-akn
[ym\w (Om-tm-tKym-]-\n-j- v)
4. Ab-amm {_
m\w tbw m\-K-aym-Z-XoXw I
(am-p-tIym- ]-\n-j - v)
ipw _pw ap-a-]y-hybw N I
kXyw m\w kn-Zm-\ cq]w I Hm-as alm-hm-Iy-ns A\p-kva-cWw kmbq-
Py-{]-Zm-b-I-am-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
[ymtb tZhw Xtlm {`mam\w I
AY cl- tkym- ] - \ n- j - Zzn- ` m- Ktim hmIym-
Xzw ]c-a-lm-a-{ky hnjvWp-E-jn, Kmb{Xn
tmImx t{]mNy-t
Otm, ]c-am-m-tZ-h-Xm, sFw_o-Pw, ow inx,
ku Ioe-Iw, aa apyt Pt] hn\n-tbmKx, tbt\-tX irtWm-XoZw I
hmkp-tZ-hmb AwKq-jvTm`ymw \ax, kj-Wmb Pn{LXn hymI-tcmXn N I
X-\o`ymw kzmlm, {]Xyp-av\mb a[y-am-`ymw-h- kmZz-kmZp hnPm-\mXn I
j-Sv, A\n-cp-mb A\m-an-Im`ymw lpw, hmkp-t Z- XXv {]m\ apZo-cnXw II
hmb I \njv T n- I m`ymw huj - S v , hmkp- t Zh
NXp-p-tJ-{-tZ-thjp a\p-j ym-iz-K-hm-Znjp
kjtW {]Xyp-av\m-\n-cp-t`yx `p`ph kztcm-
anXn ZnKv_x, ssNX-\y-taIw {_m-XZv {]m\w
{_-a-]n
]ns cl-tkym-]-\n-j-ns hn`m-K-a-\p-k-cnv alm-
[ym\w
hm-Iy--fpsS Advhpw [ymtm-I-fpw ]d-bp-p. Pohn-
PohXzw kh-`q-Xm\mw I I GXp aptJ-\- bmtWm ImWp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw aW-
kh-{Xm-J hn{Klw I n-p-Ibpw kzmZpw ZpkzmZpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-Xv
Nnm-l-m-c-b- mcw I AXv {]m-\-sav ]d-bp-p. {_mhv C{ tZh-m
PohmJyw Xzw ]Zw `tP II a\p- jy IpXnc ]ip apX-emb arK- Fn- h-bnepw ap
kI-e-Po-hn-I-fnepw Htc Hcp ssNX-\y-kz-cq-]-amb {_w
Akn ]Z-a-lm-a-{ky a\x Ejnx, Kmb{Xo Ox, Xs-bmWv nXn sNp--Xv. B {]m\w {_
A- \m- co-iztcm tZh- Xm, Ahy-m-ZnU-_o- Pw, \rknwlx Fnepw nXn sNp-p.
N P
 793

I 18. ]cn-]q ]cm-m-kvan I 24. hmNyw ey-anXn Zzn[m kcWnx K

tZtl hnZym[n ImcnWn I hem-Nyky ln Xzw]tZ I
_pt kmn Xbm nXzm I hmNyw `uXn-I-an-{n-bm-Zn-c-]n-b-yw
qc--l-ao-Xn-cytX II Xzam kx I
19. kzXx ]qx ]cm-m{X I hmNyw XXv]-Zao iXm-Ir-X-a-Xne`yw
_A i_vtZ\ hnXx I Xpk-nXv kpJm
Akv ao-s sXy-I y-]-cm-ai \ {_ XZ Gj N
Xtbm-sscIyw XzkoZw ]Zw II
kvtX\ {_ `hm-aylw
25. XzanXn XZnXn Imtcy ImctW kXyp-]m[u I
Cu a\pjy icocw Xs-bm-Wv, {_-hn-Zym- {]m-]vXnv
A[n-Im-cn. AXn kmn cq]-n nXn sNp ]c- - q]w I
ZznX-b-an-X-c-ssYIw kn-Zm-\-c
am- mhp Xs- bmWv _pn-kv^p-c- W-ap-m-Ip-tm - -tlXp tZim-Imeu N lnXzm I
D`-b-h-N\
""Rm Fv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. ]cn-]q-amb ]c-am-mhp PKXn `hXn tkm f bw tZh-Ztm bssYIx
Xs- bmWv ChnsS {_ Fv ]d-b-s-n-cn-p--Xv.
26. Imtcym-]m-[n-cbw Pohx I
20. GI Ghm-Zzn-Xob k
Imc-tWm-]m-[n-co-izc I
ma cq]-hn-hPnXw I
Imcy-Im-c-WXmw lnXzm I
krtx ]pcm-[p-\m-]yky I
]q-t_mt[m f h injytX II
XmZrzw XZn-Xo-cytX
alm-hm-Iy-ns A m\-n \nv hmNy-
21. t{imXptZ-tl-{n-bm-XoXw I
sbpw A-sbpw A\p-k-cn--Ww. hmNy-a-\p-k-
hkvXz{X Xzw ]tZ-cnXw I
cnv C{n-bm-Zn-I "Xzw' F-Xns hmNy-am-Wv. Fm
GIXm {KmlytX f koXn C{n-b- pw AXo-X-amb hnip ssNX\yw Xs-
XssZ-Iy-a-\ p-`q-b Xmw bmWv eymw. Cs\ AXv F hmNyw kh- m-
22. Zriy-am-\ky khky I - IXzw Cuiz-cXzw Fo KpW-ssh-in-y--tfmSp IqSnb
]c-am-mhpw e`ymw kn-Zm-\--a-b-amb {_-hp-am-Ip-
- vX -Xz-ao-cytX I
PK- Xk
p. AXp-sImv ChnsS "Akn' F ]Z-m cp ]Z-
{_ i_vtZ\ XXv {_ I -fp-sSbpw eymw aptJ\ Pohm--]-c- am-m--fpsS
kz{]-Im-im cq]Iw GIo-`m- hs {]Xn-]m-Z n-n-cn-p-p. Imcy-Im-c-W--fmb
krnp apv ssZzX-`m-h\bnm \ma-cq-]-c-ln-X- D]m-[n-IsImp Xs "Xzw' "XXv' Fnh Xn t`Z-ap-
hp-amb Hcp k Dm-bn-cp-p. B {_w XXv F ]Z- v. D]m[n cln-X-am-bm cpw Htc kn-Zm-\w Xs.
m {]Xn-]m-Zn--s-p. Xzw F ]Z-m ]d-b-s-n-cn- {]]--nepw AXp Xs-bm- Wv. AXn \nv "CXv', "AXv'
p- Xv D]-tZiw tIp injys C{n-bm-Xo-X-sap F-`mhw \on-bm A-c-c-ln-X- amb Hp-Xs Ah-
tXmp icocw Xs. Akn F ]Zw sImv Poh- ti-jn-p-p. Cu Poh Imtcym-]m-[n-bp-hpw {_w
sbpw {_-n-sbpw GIXzw tZymXn-p-p. Imc-tWm-]m[n kln-X-hpw BIp-p. Cu Imcy-Im-c-tWm-
23. A\m--Zr-t-c-hn-th-I-\ n{Zm ]m-[n-Isf ]cn- Xy- Pn-m m\-kz-cq]w Ah- ti- jn-p-p.

alw aa kz]v\-KXnw KtXm f lw I 27. {ihWw Xp Kptcmx ]qhw I

kzcq-]-kqtcym f `ypZntX kv^ptSmtx I a\\w XZ-\-cw I
Kptcm-lm-hm-Iy-]ssZx{]_ptx II \nZn-[ym-k -\-an-tXy-XXv I
A\m-- hk - X
v p-hn B-_pn Dm-b-Xp-\n-anw ]q-t_m-[ky ImcWw II
Rm Am-\m-- Im-c-n ]Xnv Rms\pw Ft- 28. A\y-hnZym ]cn-m\ I
sX-p-ap tamlm-I nXn-bn Fn--gn-n-cn-p-
p. Kpcp-tZ-h\
- n \npw F\np e`n alm-hm-tIym-]-
ahiyw \izcw `thXv I
tZ-i-m B kzcq-]-am-Ip kqcys Bhn`m-h- {_-hnZym ]cn-m\w I
m Fs Dd--n\v `wKw hn-cn-p-p. {_-{]m]vXn Icw kvarXw II

N P

I 29. alm-h m-Iym-\p-]-Zn-tiXv I
kj-Uw-Km\n tZinIx I
tIhew \ln hmIym\n I
{_tWm hN\w bYm II
Kpcp apJ-n \n BZyw tIWw tI-Xn-\p-
tijw a\\w sN-W w. ]ns \nZn-[ ymkw thWw
Fm am{Xta m\w ]q-am-hp-I-bp-q. F{X-am{Xw
\-Xp-t]mse A`y-kn-mepw ap hn-Zy-I-fn \np e`n-
p m\w Xo-bmbpw \iz-c-am-Wv. Fm {_-
hn-Zym-]-cn-m-\w-n-chpw {_ {]m]vXn Ic-hp-am-Ip-p.
BNm-cy injy\v alm-Im-hy- D]-tZ-in--Xp-sImv
am{X-ambn Fv {_mhv A\p-im-kn-n-cnp-p.
30. Gh-apzm ap\n-t{ijvTx I
cl-tkym-]-\n-jXv ipIx abm
]n{Xm-\p-\o-tX\ I
hymtk\ {_-hm-Zn\m II
31. XtXm {_tm-]-Znw ssh I
kn-Zm-\ eWw I
Poh-px kZm [ym-b I
XXkvXzw hnl-cn-jykn II
32. tbm thZmZu kzcx t{]mtm I
thZmt N {]Xn-jvTnXx Xky I
{]Ir-Xn-eo-\ ky I
bx ]cx k atl-izcx II
]c-ta-iz-c ]dp: ""ipI-tZ-hm, A-bpsS ]nXm-
hmb thZ-hym-k {_-Pm-Rm-\n-bm-Wv. At-l-n
{]oX- \mbn Rm Av Cu cl-tkym-]-\n-jv D]-tZ-
inp Xcp-p. CXn hn-n-cn-p-Xv kn-Zm-\ kzcq-
]-amb {_w Xs. Av {_s \nXyhpw [ym\nv
Poh-p--\m-Ip-I. thZm-cw-`-n D-cn--s-Sp-Xpw
thZm-- n {]Xn-jT v n-X-hp-amb Hmw Imc kzcw AXns
{]Ir-Xn-bn XmZmyw {]m]n--Xn\p tijw AXn\p AXo-
X-\m-bn-p--h-\mWv kmm ]cm-]-c.
33. D]-Znx inth-t\Xn I
PK---bXmw KXx
N P
794
Dmb {]Wn-]-tXyiw I K
Xymm-tij ]cn-{Klx II
34. ]c-{_--]-tbm-cmiu I
h-nh bbu XZm I
{]{h-Pw Xam-temIy I
IrjvW-ssZz-]m-bt\m ap\nx II
35. A\p {hP-m-Pp-lmh I
]p{X-hn- t-j-Im-Xcx I
{]Xn-t\-Zp-kvXZm kth I
PKXv mhc PwKamx II
36. XXv {ipXzm kI-em-Imcw I
hymkx kXy-h-Xo-kpXx I
]pt{XW klnXx {]oXym I
]c-am-\--ap-t]-bn-hm II
{io ]cainhs Cu D]-tZiw tIv ipI-tZ-h
kakvX hnizm-k-nepw X-b-\mbn Fgp-tv `K-hms\
{]W-anv kh-]-cn-{K-l-fpw ssIhnp ]c-{_-mw- _p-[n-
bn \on-bX - p-t]mse B\-a - --\mbn AhnsS \npw
]pd-s-p. AXp- Iv thZ-hym-k ]p{X hncl ZpxJnX-\mb
]p{Xs t] hnfnv At-ls ]np-Sp. Atm
At-l-ns hnfnv Dcw sImSp-Xv {]]--nse
kq PU-tN-X\ ]Zm--fm-bn-cp-p. AtXmsS
Xs ]p{X kq-ambpw hniz-a-b-\m-sWp ImWp-
Ibpw hymk\pw ipI-s\-tmse ktm-j-tmsS ]c-am-
\w Bkz-Zn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
37. tbm cl-tkym-]-\ n-j-Z-a-[otX Kph-\p-{K-l m-
h-] m] hn\napx kmmXv ssIh- e y-a -
iv\ ptX kmmXv ssIh-ey-a-i v\ ptX CXyp-] -\n-
jv
Kpcp-hns A\p-{K-l-m bmsXm-cm Cu cl-
tkym-]-\n-jv A[y-b\w sNptm Abm kh-]m-]-
hn-\n-p--\m-bn-ov ssIheyw {]m]n-p-p.
ipI-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
 795

I K
1 {iocm-a-]qh-Xm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv
3

Hmw `{Zw It`nx irW-bma tZhm `{Zw ]tiy- sXv Nne ]d-bp-p. B-tm-- Xn-bm BcpsS _e-
am- -Zncy P{Xm nssc- c w- K- k vX p- phmw k amtWm `qan-bn {]kn--am-bXv AXv cma-s\v Nne ]d-
kvX\q-`nhy-tia tZh-lnXw bZmbpx kzkvXn \ bp-p. cmlp N{s\ {]`m-lo-\-\m-p--Xp-t]mse cm-
Ct{m hr-{ihmx kzkvXn \x ]qjm hntiz-thZx k-msc {]`m- lo- \-cm-n-b-Xn- \m Atlw cma- \m- bn. cmPym-
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn--t\an kzkvXn t\m [n-Im-cn-I-fmb cmPm--mv t{ijvT-amw D]-tZ-in-p-
_rl-kv]X - n Z[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx Ibpw [ym\-\n-c-Xv sshcmKyw {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw
\maw sNp--hsc m\-am-n-tev \bn-p-Ibpw
tZh-msc R ImXp- I sImv \pX ImWp- am-
sNbvX- Xn-\m-emWv cmsav t] h-sXv Nne A`n-{]m-
dm-I-tW. kpZr-V--fmb AwK--fmepw ico-c
- mepw
b-s-p. A\-\pw \nXym-\-\pw NnZm-m-hp-amb bmsXm-
\nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZh-m \nv \n-bn-n-
cp-h-\n tbmKn-I can-p- p. Ah-\mWv cma. cma ]Zw
p Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn--tW. alm-
sImv ]c-{_--amWv kqNn-n-p--Xv.
Ion-am-\mb C{ Rv \ sN-tW. kh-
-\mb ]qjm-tZ-h Rv \ sN-tW. A{]-Xn- 7. Nn-bky ZznXo-bky \njvI-f-kym ico-cnWx
tcm-[y-K-Xn-bmb Kcp-U Rv \ sNtW. _rl- D]m-kI
- m\mw Imcymw {_tWm cq]-I-ev]\m
kv]Xn Rv \ sN- tW. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
8. cq]-m\m tZh-Xm\mw ]pwkv{Xyw-Km-kv{XmZn
Iev]\m ZznN- X zmcn jU - m\mw Zi ZzmZi
Hmw D]-\n-jv tjmUi
1. Nn-tb-k van alm-h njvW u PmtX Zi-ctY 9. Am-Z-imjo IYnXm lkvXmx iwJm-Zn-Zn-cypXm
lcu ctLm Ipte-Jnew cmXn cmPtX tbm alo- kl-{km-m-hm Xmkmw h-hm-l\ Iev]\m
nXx
10. in-tk\m Iev]\m N {_m-tWyhw ln]-
2. k cma CXn temtIjp hnZzZv`nx {]I-So-IrXx [ m Ie v ] n- X ky ico- c ky Xky tk\mZn
hnZzZv`nx {]I-Sn-IrXx cmkm tb\ acWw bmn Iev]\m
tkz t{ZI-tXm-f-Yhm
11. {_m Zo\mw hmN-tImbw at{m-f-\zmZn
3. cma-c ma `pXzn JymX a`n cmtaW hm ]p\x kwIm P]vXthym a{n-Wm-ss\\m hn\m-tZhx
cm-km-p cqt]W cmlp-\-kn-XPw bYm {]ko-ZXn
4. {]`-lo\mw XYm IrXzm cmPymlWmw alo- 12. {Inbm ItXn IqWm aw at{m-h-
`r-Xmw [-amw Ncn-t{XW m\-amw N\m- Z- X yY a\- X mXv {XmW- \ m- { khm- N yky
aXx hmNIx
5. XYm-t[ym-t\\ sshcmLy ssaizcyw kzky- 13. tkm`-b -k ymky tZhky hn{Ktlm b{-I -
]q-P -\ mXv XYm cmXyky cmamJy `phn kymZY ev]\m hn\m bt{W tNXv ]qPm tZhXm \ {]ko-
XXzXx ZXn
6. cat tbmKn-t\m-\t \nXy-\t NnZm-\n Nn-b\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\p-amb {_w tZh-c-ln-X\pw
CXn cma ]tZ-\mku ]c-{_-m`n [obtX Awi-c-ln-X\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw {]mIr-X\pw BsW-nepw
Nn-b\ - mb alm-hnjvWp cLp hwi-P-\mb Zi-c-Ya - - `- m-cpsS B{Klw \nd-th-m Atlw BImcw kzoI-
lm-cm- Pm-hns ]p{X- \mbn P\n- -tm At- l-ns t]Pv cn-p-p. ]c-am--kz-cq-]-n nXn sNp tZh-
cma Fm-bn-cp-p. hnZzm-m cma-i_vZw hymJym-\n-p- mp am{X-amWv ]pcp-j kv{Xo AwKw Akv{Xw Fo
sImv Cs\ ]d-n-p-v. `qan-bn Ignv k-\- cq]--fn k-ev]-ap-Xv `K-hms kmIm-c-cq]w hyXy-
-fpsS B{K-l-sfbpw ]qo-I-cn-p--h\pw cmPm- kvX--fmb Ah-Xm-c--fn cv \mev Bdv Fv ]{v
hns cq]-n tim`n-p--h\ - p-amWv cma. cm-k- ]Xn-\mdv ]Xn- s\v ssII Dsv hn- n- cn-p-p. Ah-
mv Bcp apJm-ncw acWw `hnp Atlw cma-\m- bn `K-hm iwJ-N-{Im-Zn-I [cn-n-p-v. Fm hniz-
Wv. A`n-cm-a-\m-b-Xp-sIm-mWv cma-s\p ]d-bs - -Sp-- cq]w [cn- p-tm At\Iw ssII tNcp-p. Cu Fm-

N P

I cq-]-v hn`n \nd-epw hN-\m-Zn-I-fp-ap-v. hn`n--
i-n-Ifpw Bbp-[-fpw `K-hm-\p-v. As\ kqcy
KW-]Xn Zp XpS-nb cq]--fn hn-hn-[Iev]\ - -I
Dv. hrm-Zn-P-U] - -Zm--fp-sSbpw {_mhp hsc-
bp tZh-X-I-fp-sSbpw hmNIw cma-a{w Xs. a{-Zo-
-kzo-I-cnv th-hn[w km[-\-sN-bvXm `K-hXv {]km-
Z-ap-m-Ip-p. A`o--kn-n-mbn km[-I-m a{-Zo
kzoI-cn-p-p. a\\w {XmW\pw Ch-bpsS KpW-hn-tijw
tN-Xm-Ib - m-emWv a{w F t] knn-Xv kh
A`n-t[-b--fp-sSbpw hmNIw a{-am-W.v kv{Xo ]pcp-j-cq-
]-n {]Xn-jvTn--s-n-cn-p `K-hm\v hn{K-l-b{w
cNn--s-n-cn-p-p. ImcWw b{\ IqSm-sX-bp
A\ tZh-m-cpsS {]oXnv ]cym-]X v -a-.
cmw D]-\n-jv
1. tkmh`qtPym-Xn-tbm-\ cq]n tkzss\
h `mktX Poh-tXz-t\-Ztamw bky krn-nXn
eb-k yN
2. Imc- W - t Xz\ Nnnym cPx kXz Xtam
KpssW bssYh hm _oPx {]mIr-X alm-
{Zpax
3. XssYh cma _oPw PK-tZ-X-Np-cm-Ncw cYm-
cqVm \p-bky i-b-kvXn{k GhN CXn
4. koX-c mau X-bm-h{X ]qPyu PmX-\ym`ymw
`ph-\ m\n Zznk]vX x nXm\n N {]l-X m-t\yh
tbjp XtXm cmtam am \thm amb-bm-[ymXv PKXv
{]mWm-bm--t\-f kvs sa \ax kym-a -kvs sXIyw
{]h-tZXv {]miv KpW-t\-Xn.
kmIm-c-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw `px Fv hnti-jn-
n--s-Sp-p. Atlw kzbw Bhn`-hn-p-p. tPymXn-
-b-\m-W-tlw kmIm-c\pw A\--\p-am-W-t-lw. tZi-Im-
em-Xo-X -\p-amWv ssNX-\y-i-n-sImv {]mW-cq-]- n
Fm tZl-Im-cn-I-fnepw hkn-p-p. kXzcPkvXtam KpW-
-fm hnizw krnv cnv kwl-cn-p--X-t-l-am-W.v
Cu {]]-hpw HmwIm-c-amb amb-cq]w Xs {_m-
hnjvWp inh Fo {Xnaqn-Ifpw krn nXn
kwlm-c-Im-cn-Wn-I-fmb in- Ifpw Fmw cmas c Imc-
n A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. _oP-a-{-n koXbmIp
{]Ir-Xnbpw cma-\m-Ip ]pcp-j-\p-a-S-p-p. Fm temI
hpw Cu cp-t]-cn \npw Dm-bn. cma eoe-tbmsS
kzbw a\p-jy-cq-]vX-Xn {]Xy-am-b-XmWv hniz-{]m-W\pw
hnizm-m-hp-amb cma\v \a-kvImcw C\w \a-kvI-cnv
KpW-pw apv {]I-S-amb {_-cq-]n-bmb cma-t\mSp
IqSn Xm GIo-`-hn-p-sImv Rm cma-cq-]-bmb {_
Xs- bmWv Fv D-cn-p-I.
N P
796
aqmw D]-\ n-jv K
1. kz`q-c vtPym-Xn-tbm-\ cq]n tkzss\h
`mktX Poh-tXz-t\-Ztamw bky krn-nXn eb-
kyN
2. Imc- W - t Xz\ Nn ym cPx kXz Xtam
KpssW bssYh hm _oPx {]Ir-X alm-
{Zpax
3. XssYh cma _oPw PK-tZ-X-Np-cm-Ncw cYm
cqVm \p-bkyp i-b-kvXn{k GhN CXn
4. koXm-cmau X-bm-h{X ]qPyu PmX-\ym`ymw
`ph-\ m\n Zznk]vX x nXm\n N {]l-X m-t\yh
tbjp XtXm cmtam am \thm amb-bm-[ymXv PKXv
{]mWm-bm--t\-f kvs sa \ax kym-a -kvs sXIyw
{]h-tZXv {]miv KpW-t\Xn
kmIm-c-\mb ]c-ta-iz-c kzbw `px Fv hnti-jn-
n--s-Sp-p. Atlw kzbw Bhn`-hn-p-p. tPymXn-
-b-\m-W-tlw kmIm-c\pw A\--\p-am-W-t-lw. tZi-Im-
em-Xo-X -\p-amWv ssNX-\y-i-n-sImv {]mW-cq-]- n
Fm tZl-Im-cn-I-fnepw hkn-p-p. kXzcPkvXtam KpW-
-fm hnizw krnv cnv kwl-cn-p--X-t-l-am-W.v
Cu {]]-hpw HmwIm-c-amb ambm-cq]w Xs {_-
hnjvWp inh Fo {Xnaqn-Ifpw krn nXn-kw-
lm-c-Im- cn-Wn-I-fmb in-Ifpw Fmw cmas c Imc-n
A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. _oP-a-{-n koX-bm-Ip {]Ir-
Xnbpw cma-\m-Ip ]pcp-j-\p-a-S-p-p. Fm temIhpw
Cu cp-t]-cn \npw Dm-bn. cma eoe-tbmsS kzbw
a\p-jy- cq- ]-n {]I-S-am-b-XmWv hniz- {]m-W\pw hnizm-m-
hp-amb cma\v \a-kvImcw Cs\ \a-kvIc - nv KpW-
pw apv {]I-S-amb {_-cq-]n-bmb cma-t\mSp IqSn
Xm GIo-`- hn-p-smv Rm cma- cq-]n-bmb {_ Xs-
bmWv Fv D-cn-p-I.
aqmw D]-\ n-jv
1. Poh-hmNn \tam \ma Nmm cmtaXn KobtX
XZm-nIm bm NXpo XYm NmtbXn KobtX
2. at{mbw hmNtIm cmtam hmNy kymtZymK
GXtbm ^e-Z-ssh kthjmw km[-Im\mw \
kwibx
3. bYm \mao hmN-tI\ \mav\m-tbm`n aptJm-`-
thXv XYm Pohm-tIm at{m a{ntWm `thXv
4. _oP-inw \ytk Zz hmatbm at[y-f-hn-
\m-`mayx kz hmRvOm hn\n-tbm-K-hm
5. kthjm tah a{Wmw Gj km[m-c W
{Iax A{X cmtam-f-\
- -cq]x kvtXPkm hn\m
kax

I 6. kXz- \ p-j v W Kp hntiz Zn-t jm- am- Iw
PKXv Dev] koXbm `mXn N{--{n-Ibm bYm
7. {]IrXym klnXx iymax ]oX-hmkm PSm-[cx
Zzn`pPx Ip-eo-cXv\ ameo [otcm [\p-jv[cx
8. {]k--h -Zt\m tPXm Lrj- I hn`q-j nXx
{]IrXym ]c-ta-izcym PK-tZym-\ym-n-Xmw-K-`qXv
9. tlam-`bm Zzn`p-Pbm khmew IrXbm NnXm
nx Iae [mcnWym ]px tImk-e-Pm-Px
Bmhv cma aptJ-\-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bn-cn-p-
Xv \ax FXv Poh-hm-NI - -am-Ip-p. cma-t\mSv tNn-cn-
p--Xn-\m Poh-sbpw Bm-hn-sbpw GI-`mhw
hy- am- n-bn-cn-p- p. cmam-b- \ax F a{-m cma
Xs hmNyw cn-sbpw kt-f-\-m kIe D]m-k-
I-mpw Cn-X-amb ^ew knn-p-p. Hcmsf t]cp
]d-p- hn- fn- m Abm ASpp hcp-atm AXp-t]mse
_oP-a-{-amb cma Fp-c - n-m cma\pw km[-Is
apn {]Xy-o-`-hn-p-p. _oPs Zn-W-kvX-\-
nepw insb hma kvX\-nepw Ime-Is lrZ-b-a-
[y-nepw \yknv Ima\ e`n-p-hm hn\n-tbmKw sNp-
I. [ym\n- p- tm Zi-c-Y- ]p-{X-\mb {ioc-am-\n A\- \pw
Ahn-\m-in-bp-amb Cuiz-c F `mh\ thWw At-
ls tXtPm-a-b-amb An-t]mse Icp-X- Ww. kuay-Im-
n-tbmsS koX-k-ta-X-\m-bn- cn-p-tm Ao-tjm-am-- I-
amb hniz- n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-p. N{ N{n-I- tbm-sSmv
Gsd tim`n-p--X p-t]mse koX- k-ln-X-\mbn cma
AXyw tim`-tN-cp-p. Xs Blzm- Zn- \o- i-n- bmb koX-
sbmv cma tim`n-p-p. Atlw iyma-f\pw ]oXmw-
_-c-[m-cnbpw PSm-[m-cnbpw I--en Ip-ehpw Igp-
n cXv\-am-ebpw AWn--h-\p-am-Wv. Zzn`p-P-\m-Wv.
[oc\pw {]k--ap-J-\p-am-Wv. [\[-c-\mb Atlw bp-
hn-P-bn-bm-W.v Assy-iz-cy-knn tN-h-\mWv he-Xp-`m-
Kv eva-W [\p_m- W-[m-cn- bmbn \np- p. koXm-
tZ-hn-bn khm-e-m-c-`q-jn-Xbpw ssIbn Xma-c-q-hp-
ambn hncm-Pn-p-p.
\memw D]-\n-jv
1. XssYh Xky a{ky bky-W p kztM
bm Ghw {XntIm-W -c q-] wky w tZhm tb
kam-b bpx
2. {ipXnw N{Ip PKXx ]Xnw Iev ] - X cu
nXw Ima-cq-]mb cmamb \tam ambm-a-bmb N
3. \tam thZm-Zn-cq-]mb Hmm-cmb \tam \ax cam-
[-cmb cmamb {iocm-am-bm--aqtb
4. Pm\Io tZl `qjmb ctm-L v\mb ip`m-
Knt\ `{Zm-b-c-Lp-ho-cmb Zim-kym--I-cq-]ntW
N P
797
5. cma-`{Z atl-izmk cLp-hoc \rt]m-a K
cmam-b-\ax F a{w {XntIm-Wm-- I-am-sWv k-
ev]w. Hcn- tZh-m {iocm-as\ ImWm t]mbn. B
L-n Atlw Iev] hr- p-h-n Ccn-p-I-bm-bn-
cp-p. tZh-m At-ls kvXpXn-p. Ima- cq-]\pw ambm-
a-b\pw Bb cma\v \a-kI v m-cw. thZm thZy\pw Hmm-c-
kz-cq-]\pw Pm\-Io-\m-Y\pw cmh-Wm-- I\pw \rt]m-- a-\p-
amb cma\v \a-kI v m-cw.
Amw D]-\ n-jv
1. t`mZ-i m-ky--Im-kvaI cmw tZln {inbw
NtX
2. Xzssa-izcyw Zm]-bmY k{k-Xym-iz-cn-am-c Ww
Iphn-Xn-kvXpXy tZhmZy kvtX\ kmw kpJw
nXm
3. kv X ph- t Xyhw ln Ejbx kv X Zm cmhW
Akpcx cma-]Xv\nw h\m-`ymwb kz\nhr-Xy-
am-ZtZ
4. k cmhW CXn JymtXm bZ[m cmam cmhW
XZv hymtP- \ - nXpw koXmw cmtam ev a W
Gh N
5. hntN-cX
- p-kvXZm `qau tZhnw kwZr-iy-Nm-kpcw
lXzm I_w i_co KXzm Xkym--bm-XY
6. ]qPntXm hmbp ]pt{XW `t\ N I]o-izcw
Blqb imkvXmw kh amZyw cma-e-vaWu
7. kXp-c mta inXx kk {]Xy-bmw NZp-
pt` hn{Klw Zi-bm-amk tbm cma-kvX-a-Nn-n]vXv
8. k]vX kmem hn`n-Zymip tamZtX cmL-h-
kvXZm tX\ krx I]o-t{m-fku k cma-kvXky
]\w
9. PKma KP-Z-\ptPm hment\m thKtXm Krlm-
Xzmeo XZm \nP-Kma Xw hmen-\-a-Ym-ltXz
10. \nlXy cmLthm cmtPy kp{Kohw mh-
tb- X
Atbm cmh-Wm-I Rsf cn-p-I. R
v sFizcyw \IpI Fv Ah kvXpXn-p. Jc-h[ - -
n- \p-tijw Ejn-am At-ls kvXpXn-p. Jcm-[n-I-
fpsS h[-n\p tijw cmh-W hv koXsb A]-l-cn-
p. cma-i-_vZ-n cbpw h\-i-_vZ-n \npw h\hpw
FSp-m cmh-W-s\ t]cp-m-Ip-p. As-n ap-
-hsc Ic-bn- n-pI \nan-hpw cmh-W-s\ \maw Inn.
koXm-]-l-c-W-n\p tijw tZhnsb At\z-jnp \S-p-
tm I_--s \ cm-ks\ sImp i_-cnsb
kin-p. Ah-fpsS BXnYyw kzoI-cn-p. hmbp-]p-{X-

I \mb l\pams\ Zin-p. l\p-am kp{Ko-hs\ Iqn-
smp hv kJyw sNn-p. cmas ]cm-{I-a-s-n
kp{Ko-h kwibw {]I-Sn- n--tm cma _men-bm
sIm-s Zpp-`n-bpsS tZlw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p. sRmSn-
bn-S-bn cma AXv Zqsc hen-s-dn-p. Hcp _mWw
sImv k]vX-km-e- t`Zn- - s- p. _mensb bp- n\p
hnfn-p. _menbpw tLmc-K-\-tmsS bp-n\v ]pd-
s-p. bp-n cma _mensb h[nv InjvIn-m-cm-P-
knw- lm-k-\
- n kp{Ko-h A`n-jn--\m-bn.
Bdmw D]-\n-jv
1. lcn-\m-lqb kp{Koh aml-Nm-i-hn-tZym-[y\m
2. BZmb ssaYn-eo-aZy ZZ-Xm-izmip KXx XX
kvXXmc l\pam \_v[nw emw kam-bbu
3. koXmw Zrzm-kp-c lXzm ]pcw ZKv[zm XYm
kzbw BK-Xy-cm-taW kl \yth-Z-bX XXzXx
4. XZm cmax t{Im[ cq]n XmXm lqbm Y hm\-
c ssXx km[-am-Zm-bm-k{v Xw ]pcow emw kam-
bbu
5. Xmw Zrzm XZ-[o-ti\ kmw bp-a-Im-c-bXv
LS t{im{X kl-{km PnZv` ymw bpw Xam-
lth
6. lXzm hnZo- j Ww X{X kwm- ] y- P - \ - I m-
Pmw BZm-bm--nXm IrXzm kz]p-c w-ssXP-
Km- ak
7. [rX- k nw-l m- k - \ x k Zzn`ptPm {]k-
mm khm-`-cW `qjnX
8. ap{Zmw m\-abnw bmtay hmta tXP {]Im-
in\ow [rXzm ZymJym-\-\n-cXx nXzbx ]c-ta-izcx
kp{Ko-h hm\-c-msc hnfnv \nv Adn-p-
Iq-Sm Znp-I Dm-hn- spw thKw ChnsS \nv ]pd-
sv koXm-tZ-hnsb At\z-jn--W-sap DS cma\v
hnhcw sImSp--W-sap \nt-inp ]ns l\p-am
kap{Zw NmSn e-bn-se-n. koXsb Ip. At\Iw cm-
O-k-msc sImp e `kva-am-n. WS-n-hv cmas\
hnh-c-a-dn-bnp XpSv cma tIm]-tmsS bpw Bcw-
`n-p. Ipw`-I sIm-s-p. ]ns C{-Pnpw cmh-
W\pw sIm-s-p. hn`o-jW - s\ em-[n-]X
- n-bm-n. koX-
sbmSpw hm\-c-m-tcmSpw IqSn cma Atbm-[y-bn-se-n,
knwlm-k-\m-cq-V-\mbn At-l-ns hep ssIbn
m\-ap-{Zbpw CSpX ssIbn [\qa-bn-hn-Zy-bp-ap-v.
Cs\ Zzn`p-P-[m-cn-bmb {iocm-a kzbw hymJym-\-ap-{Z-
bn nXn sNp-p.
N P
798
9. DZKv Zn-Wtbm kzky i{XpLv\ `cXu [rX K
l\p-aw N t{imXmc a{KXx kymXv {XntIm-WIw
10. `c-Xm-[kvX p kp{Kohw i{Xp-Lv\ mt[m hn`o-
jWw ]nta eWw Xky [rX-{Xw NNm-acw
11. XZkvX u Xme-hr-I X Icu {Xy{kw ]p\Z-
[X Ghw jSvtIm-W-am-Zukz ZoLmw-ssK-cmj
kwbpXx
12. ZznXobw hmkp- t Z- h mss\y cmt- m- Z njp
kwbpXx XrXobw hmbp-kq\pw N kp{Kohw `cXw
XYm
13. hn`o-jWw evaWw Nw KZw-Nmcn hna\w
Pmw_-hw N ssXcyp kvXtXm [rn P.-b-
Ix
14. hnP- b - - k p- c m- cm{- h \ Gh N
AtimtIm [-]m-e kpa-ss{-tc-`n-cm-hrXx
16. _ln-kvXZ- m-bpss[x ]qtPym \oemZn ka-e w-
IrXx hknjvT hma-tZ-hmZn ap\n`nx kap-]m-knX
{ioc-ams hS-p-`m-Kv i{Xp-Lv\\pw hev `c-
X\pw \np l\p-am apn ARvP-eo-_--\mbn
\np-p. CXpw {XntImW nXn- b-em-Wv. `c- Xs Xmsg
kp{Ko-h i{Xp-Lm-\s Xmsg hn`o-j-W, cmas ]pd-
In eva-a-W O{Xhpw Nma-c-hp-am-bn-cn-p-p. `c-X-
i-{Xp-Lv\-m-cpsS ssIbn Xme-hr-- ap-v. `c-X-e-va-W-
i-{Xp-Lv\-m {Xn-tIm-W-n-Xn-bm-e-W.v cma _oP-a-{m-
hr-X-\m-W.v cma v Bt-bmZn Znp-I-fn hmkp-tZ-h,
kj-W, imn, kc-kz-Xn, {io {]Zyp-av, A\n-cp-
cXn Fn-h-cp-v. cma Ah-scmv ZznXo-bm-h-c-W-n-em-
Wv. `c-X, i{Xp-Lv\, eva- W, l\p-am, kp{Ko-h,
AwK-Z, Pmw_-hm, hn`o-j-W, Fn-h cma-s\mw
D-tm {XnXo-bm-h-c-W-ap- m-Ip-p. cm{-h-\,
Atim-I, kpcm- Lrn, Pb-, hnP-b, kpa-
, [-]m-e, Fn-h- tcm- sSmw Dm-bn- cn-p-tmgpw
XrXo-bm-h-cWw Xs. Atm {_m-hv, C{, An,
ba, hcp-W, hmbp, N{, \nIr-Xn, A\-, Cuiz-
c, Fo ]p-Zn-I] v m-e-m-cm {iocm-a kam-hr-X-\m-
bn-cn-p-tm NXpm-h-cWw kwPm-X-am-Ip-p. Cu
ZnIv]m-e-m-cpsS ]pd-h-iv At-lns Bbp[-em-
Wv. CtX Bh-c-W-n \f XpS-n-bp hm\-c - m
`K-hms\ kptim-`n-X-\m-p-p. Ah-tcm-sSmw hkn-jT v
hma-tZ-h XpS-nb aljn-amcpw {iocm-as D]m-k-\-
bn eo\-cmbn Ign-bp-p.
Ggmw D]-\n-jv
1. Gh- a p- t - i Xx t{]mw \nt- i - k v X ky
Nm[p\m {XntcJm ]pS-a m-e nJy at[y Xmc- Zzbw
entJX

I 2. Xty _oP-am-teJyw XZ[x km[y-am-en-tJX
ZznXo-b m- wN Xtkym[zw jjvTyw km[Iw
XYm
3. Ipcp-Zzbw NXXv ]mtiz entJXv _oPm-tc
camw XXv khw {]mW-hm`ymw N thnXw _pn
_pn-am
4. ZoL-`mPn jU-t{kXp entJXv _oPw lrZm-
Zn`nx tImW-] mtiz cam-amtb XZ-t{K-\ w-K-amen
tJX
5. t{Im[w tImWm-{Km--tcjp enJy-a-y-ZntXm
Kncw hr-{Xbw km-]{Xw ktcm-tP-hn-en-tJXv
kzcm
6. tIk-tc-jy ]t{X N hm--I-at- Ym-n-tJXv
tXjp amem at\m-hm entJ Zp-kw-Jybm
7. At ]m--cm-t\hw ]p\-c--Zfw entJXv
tXjp- \ m-c m-b - W m- mw-e n-t JXv XXv tIktc
camw
8. XZv _ln ZzmZi Zfw hnen-tJXv ZzmZ-im-cw
XtYmw \tam `K-htX hm kptZ-hmb C{Xbw
ASp-Xv ]qPm-b{- - ns \nt-i-amWv ka-tc-J-
I-f psS cp {XntIm-W -ap- mn Ah-b psS \Spv
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw {]Whw Fgp-X-Ww. ]ns Ah cn-
sbpw at[y BZy-_o-P-sa-gp-X-Ww. AXns Xmsg GXv
Imcyw km[n--Wtam AsX-gp-X-Ww. km[y-ns t]cv
ZzXo-bm--am-bn-cn--Ww. BZy-_o-P-ns apI-fn km[-
Is \maw jy--am-bn-cn--Ww. ]ns _oP-ns
Ap-an-p-ambn Hmtcm Ipcp-]Zw hc--Ww. _oP-ns
a[y-nepw km[y-ns apI-fnepw {io teJ\w sN-
Ww. Ch-sbmw cp {]W-h--fnepw tNn-cn--Ww.
]ns Bdp tImWp-I-fnepw ZoL-kz-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb aqe-
_oPw Fgp-X-Ww. Hmtcm-n-sbpw IqsS lrZ-bmb \ax
Fp inc-p-sImv kzmlm Fp Fgp-X-Ww. tImW--
fpsS hi-mbn {iow, {low, ow Fv Fgp-X-Ww. tImW-
ns ap`m-K-mbn lpw Fpw lpw s Ccp-h-i--
enepw sFw Fpw Fgp-X- Ww. ]ns aqv hr-ap- mn
hr--tfm-sSmw Xs A-Z-f-I-aew Dm--Ww. Ih-
e-ns tIk-c-n c-cw hoX-ap Fm kzc-
h--sfbpw {Ia-ambn Fgp-Xp-I. Ih-e-ns A-Z-
f--fn Bdp-h- hoXw {Ia-ambn Fgp-X-Ww. amem
a{-nse \mev]-n-tbgv h- ]qn- bm-m
Fm- as Zf-n Ap h- tf tijn-p- I- bp-q.
Cu coXn-bn hopw Hcp Iaew Xov AXns Fp-Z-
f--enepw Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb F a{- ns Hmtcm
Acw hoXw Fgp-X-Ww. AXns tIk-c- {io
FsgpX-Ww. apI-f n ]{p Zf- -fp Iaew
N P
799
K
\nnv Hmtcm Zf--fnepw ZzmZ-im-- c-a-{- amb Hmw \tam
`K-htX hmkp-tZ-hmb Fv Hcp Acw hoXw Fgp-XpI.
Fmw D-] -\n-jv
1. BZn- m- m tIk-t cjp hrm-I m- tcW
kwen- tJXv XZv _ lnx tjmU-i -Z fw enJy XXv
tIktc {lnbw
2. hm-kv{X-\ Xn kwbpm Ztejp ZzmZ-im-
cw XXv knjz cPm-Zo\mw a{m a{o kam-
en-tJX
3. lpw, krw, `pw, hpw, epw, ipw, Ppw N entJXv
kayIv XtXm _lnx Zzm{Xnw-imcw alm-]w \mZ-
_np kam-bpXw
4. hnen-tJXv a{ cmPmw kvtXjp ]t{Xjp
bXv\Xx [ymtb Z hkp-t\Im Zi cp{Zmw X{X
ssh
5. ZzmZ-ti-\mw XtXm _lnw `pKrlw h{P-iq-
emVyw tcJm-{Xb ka-\znXw
6. Zzmtcm-t]Xw N cmymZn `qjnXw ^Wn-kp-
bpXw A\tm hmkp-In-ssh Xx Itm-S-
] - Ix al m- ] - c - a i w J Kpf n- t Im u
{]IonXm
"A' apX hsc-bp h- A-Z-f-I-a-e-
ns tIk-c--fn hrm-Im-c-n-se-gp-Xp-I. AXns
]pdta hopw ]Xn-\m-dp-Z-f--fp Iaew Xov tIk-c-
n {low Fs-gp-X- Ww. AXns ]Xn-\m-dp-Z-f--fn-tem-
tcm-nepw Hmtcm Acw F {Ia-n lpw ^Sv \ax
Fpw ZzmZ-im-c a{hp Fgp-X-Ww. Zf--fpsS kn-
I-fn l\p-am-s\-tm-ep hoc-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS _oP-a{w
Fgp-X-Ww. ]pdsa \mZ-_n-p- thmSp IqSnb ap-n-cp Zf-
-fp hnim-e-I-aew \nn--Ww. Zf--fn A-h-kp-
GIm- Z-i-cq-{Z-m ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-m Fn- h- scbpw k-
sbpw [cn-p hj-SvIm-c-Nn-hpw [ym\hpw sN-Ww.
32 Zf--fp Cu Ia-e-ns ]pdv Zq]pc b{w
\nnv AXns \mep-`m-Kpw h{Phpw tImWp-I-fn
iqehpw AS-bm-f-s-Sp--Ww. Zq]p-cs aqp tcJ-I-
tfmSv tbmPn-n--Ww. Cu tcJ-I kXz-c-P-kX v tam KpW-
sf kqNn-n-p-p. a- ]-n-teXp t]mse CXn\pw
Ihm-S- thWw. Zq]p-c-n cmin apX-em-bh Xov
AXns\ ap `mK--fp-ambn LSn-n--Ww.
H]Xmw D]-\n-jv
1. Ghw a-h-am-enJy Xky [np
hnZnp N

I 2. \c-knwlw N hmcmlw entJXv a{ Zzbw
cmYm IqtSm tcYm- \ p- { K- t lp \mZ- i - ymZn
`nbpXx
3. tbm\-knwlx kam-JytXm Krl-am-c-WI
- Wn
Atym[oi hnbZv _np \mZ-_oPw N kuIcw
4. lpmcw Nm{X-cm-aky amem-a-t{m-f-[p-t\-cnXx
Xmtcm-\X
- n \n{Zmbmx kqXnta Zi-Im-anIm
5. cpt{ZW kwbp-Xm-h-n ta[m-a-c-hn-`q-j nXm
ZoLm-{Iq-c-Ir-Xm-lymZn tXym ZoL-\ -am-\Im
6. [m t{Im[n-\y-tam-LmN hniz-a-]yY ta[bm
bpm ZoLm Pzmen-\ ob kpkqv am arXyp
cq]nWn
7. k {]Xnw lymZn-\o-Xz-XIv tzfx {]oXn
k mac m tPymX n k v X o vW m n kw bp m
tizXm\pkzm-c -k w-bpXm
8. ImanIm ]-aq-emx Xmmx [m CXyY
kkm-\tm ZoL-bp{Xm hmbpx kqva-bp-tXm-
hnjx
9. ImanIm ImanIm cp{Z bpm-tYmY ncm-
kzkm Xm]n\o ZoL-bpm `q X\-temt \nex
10. \mcm-b -W m- Ix Ime {]mWmw t`mhn-Zy-bm-
bpXx ]oXm-c-Xn-kvXYm emtm tbm\ym-b ptm
tXm \Xnx
11. k]vX NXzm-cnw-iZv h-Kp-Wm k KpWx
kzbw cmPym-`n-jn-ky Xky cma-tkym--{I-am-
n-tJXv
12. CZw khm-Iw b{w {]mbp--ar-jntk
hnXm tkh- I m\mw tam- I c ambp- c m- t cm- K y-
h\w
13. A]p-{XmWmw ]p{XZw N _lp\m Ina-t\\
ssh {]m]v\p-hn WmXv kay Kap{X [m-Zn-
Im-\ ]n
14. CZw clkyw ]ca hoiz-tc-Wm]n ZpKaw CZw
b{w kam-Jymam \ tZbw {]mIrtX Pt\ CXn
q]p-c-b{w hc--Xn-\ptijw AXns \mep Znp-
I-fnepw \mc-knwl _oP-a{- hpw tImW--en ]{p
_oP-a-{hpw Fgp-X-Ww. A\p-{K-lw, Cp-\mZw in apX-
em-h-tbmSp IqSnb A-c-a{w Xs-bmWv \mc-knw-l-
_o-P-a-{w. Cu a{w i{Xp-kw-lm-I-c\pw {Kl-_m-[-I
\in-n-p-Xpw Cn-X-Imcyw km[n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ay-
hw A[o-i-_np \mZw in apX-em-b-h-tbmSp IqSnb
lpwhm- cm-l- a- {-am-Wv. cmas amem-a- {-am- sW- n AXn
BZyw {]Whw \ax \n{Z kvarXn ta[, ImanI Fn-h-bm-
N P
800
Wv. AXv cp{Z-bp-hpw ]noSv Aa-c-m Aew-Ir- X-amb
K
Anbpw ta[-bp-am-Wv. ]noSv A{Iqcw tN ZoL-I-
e-bm-W.v ]ns lymZn-\n. AXn-\p-tijw am\Z F Ie-
bm hn`q-jn-X-amb ZoL-Ie - . ]noSv p[. A\
s#Hmw \tam `K-htX cLp-\-\ - mb Fm-bn. ]noSv
t{Im[n\n Ata-L-ta[ Fn-h-tbmSp IqSnb hniz-am-Wv.
]ns ZoLw Pzmen\n kqvaw tN-Xm-Wv. ]noSv
{]XnjvT tN {]Wh Ie. ]ns lymZn-\nbpw Xzpw,
ChnsS ctmLv\ hni-Zmb Fv ]qn-bm-Ip-p.
]noSv tzf {]oXn Aacw tPymXn An kwbp--amb
Xova A\p-kzm-c-bp--amb tizX ]noSv Iman-I, h bpw
Z bpw A\-- bp--amb \bpw ZoL-bp--amb hmbphpw
kqva CImcw ncbpw Gbps# am{Xm-bp--amb k
bpw BIp-p. CXn \np a[p-c- {]-k hZ-\-\mb Aan-
X-tX-Pt Bbn-op. A\-cw Xm]n\n ZoL-`qhpw
A\n-e-bn \n _ebpw Dm-bn. ]ns A\- A\-
e \mcm-bW - m--I-amb aImcw {]mW-\n \n cab
Chbpw hnZym-a-b-amb Aw`v ]oX-c-Xn, GbpsS am{Xm-bp-
am h BWv. CXn \nv hnjvWpth Dmbn HSp-hn
\ax bpw {]Whpw CXv \mev]n Gg--c-ap cmPym-`n-
jn--cm-as\ kw_- n-p amem-a-{- am-W.v kKp-W-\m-
sW-nepw cma km[-I-m-cpsS {XnKp-W- -sfbpw \inn-
p-- h-\m-Wv. Cu a{w {Ia-ambn Fgp-X- Ww. a{w khm-
-I-am-W.v ]s hnZzm-m CXv ]dp sImSp-n-p-
v. CXv tkhn-p km[-I - mv Bbppw Btcm-
Kyhpw hn-pw. HSp-hn kwkm-c-ap-nbpw e`n-pw.
]p{X- lo-\-mv ]p{X- em`w Dm-Ipw. [-m-\-ssh-
cmKy sFizcym-Zn-khm-`o--epw CXn-\m e`n-pw.
tKm]-\o-b-am-Wn-Xv. Zo Bh-iy-am-W.v A\-[n-Im-cn-Iv
CXv D]-tZ-in-m ]mSn-.
]mw D]-\ n-jv
1. Hmw `qXm-ZnIw tim`-tbXv Zzmc-]qPmw IrXzm-]-
Zvam-Zym-k-\x {]kx Amhn[mhky[ tcm-
[yw-]mizm\w a[y-]-m\w N
2. IrXzm apZp- vWp kpXq-en-Imbm cXv\ m-k-
t\-tZ-in-I-a-bnXzm inw Nm[m-cm-JyImw Iq-
\mKu ]rYn-hy-_tP kzmkm-\mYx {]Iev]y
3. hnLv \ w Zpmw t{X- h mew NhmWow
_oPmZnImw- mnw tZim-Zn-I mw ]oT-kym-{Ln-
tjzh [m-Zn-Imw XXzm ]qhmw-kvX-k vXky
`nzm-tb
4. at{[-{I-am-Z hn[zn tXPmw kyph ]Xyw
]XymZn ssan-Xm\n cPx kXzw Xa GXm\n hr-
{Xbw _oPVyw {IamZv `mh-tb

I 5. Bim-J ymiz kz]y-Y m- m\ ax m\m-
m\w Nm-tb-ky `np-am-bm-hntZy tb Iem
]mc-X tXm
6. kw]q-P-tbXv hna-e m-Zym in c`y-tb-
t- h - a m- h m- l - t b AwK- h yp- l m\n Pem- s sZz
]qPy [ymym-Zn-ssI temI ]msse kvXZkv{Xw
7. hkn-jvTmssZyap\n-`n \oe-apssJy cmcm-[-
tbZv cmLhw N-\mssZy aptJym-h-lm-ssc hnhn-
ss[ ]qssPy kvX kvs sa P]m-Znw kayIv
ka]y
8. Ghw `qXw PK-Zm-[m-c-`q-Xw-cmaw ht kn-Zm-
\- -c q]w KZmZn iwJw-_ vP - [ cw `hXn k tbm
[ymtb-tm--am-]vt\mXn khx
9. hniz-g ym]o cmL- thmYm XZm\ow aZt[
iwJ-Nt{I KZm_vtP IrXzm cam-k-lnXx km-P
k]-Xv\Px km\pKx kh-temIo
10. XZv `mb e_v[-Im-am apzm cYm-] Zw
]caw bmn tX b Cam ENx kh-Im-am-Zm
tb ]T-\ yp-a em bmn tamw Nn-t b- k v an
kv{Xtbm-Zi kz`q tPymXnx Xn{kx koXm-cm-am-th-
I-P o-h-hmNo jSvjSv `nx `qXm-Zn-I-t a-Im-Zi ]-J-
tjp {Xn\-hXn
Zzmc-]qP Ignv ]m-k-\-ntem at-sX-nepw
Bk-\-ntem Ccpv ]-`qX ipn sN-Ww. cma-]q-
Pm-hn-[n-bn knwlm-k-\-ns ]pd-In-ep Xmgs
`mKw apI- fn-es `mKw Ch cp ]miz- Fn- hbpw
1 kt\ym- t km- ] - \ n- j v 3
imn]mTw
Hmw. A]ymbp aamwKm\n hmIv {]mW
Ijpx t{im{XatYm _eannbmWn. Nk
hmWn. khw {_tm ]\njZw amlw {_
\ncmItcmZ\ncmIcW akvXp A\ncmIcWw ta
A k vX p X Z m \ n \ nc t X b D] \ nj p
[mkvtX abn kptX abn kp. Hmw imn:
imn: imn:.
N P
801
]qPn- -W w. ]pd-I n apI-f n a[y-X -a-a mbn nXn K
sNp A-Zf Ia-e-sbpw ]qPn--Ww. cXv\w ]Xn
knwlm-k-\-n BNm-cys\ ]qPn--Ww. B{i-b{- Xn-
bmn Iqw, \mKw, ]rYzn Ch ]qPn--Ww. hnLvt\-
iz-c, Zp-t{X ]me, kc-kzXn Fn-hc - n _oPw
kanv \ma- tm-sSmw NXpo hn`n tNv ]qPn-
-Ww. tIm Xe-bnepw A[w, A\w AImaw
At#mw F-h-bnepw ]qIvhm-Zn-Zn-p-I -fnepw ]qP
thWw ]pd-In apI-fnse a[y-`m-K-pw, kqcy, N{
An, Fn-hsc ]qPn-p-I. b{- nse kXz-c-tPm-Kp-W-
{]-Xo-I-amb aqp hr--ep-sSbpw ]qP sNp-I. ]ns
Znp-I-fnepw tImWp-If - nepw \nn Ia-e-I--epsS
A-Z-f-sf ]qPn-p-I. a[y Zf--fn Btb
tIm XpSn {Ia-ambn Bm-hv, A-Im-mhv ]c-am-
mhv m\m-]qh-Zn-p-I-fn amb hnZy-Ie ]c Fo
XXz- ]qP sNp-I. hna-emZn in-I-fp-sSbpw ]qP,
apJy-tZ-hX- m-\w, AwK- hyq-l--fpsS ]qP, Lrn apX-
emb temI-]m-e-I-m Ah-cpsS Akv{X-, hkn- jT v mZn
ap\n-am Chpw {iocm-a\pw ]qP Anv P]m-Zn-I
kan-pI XpSv {iocma kvXpXn sNp D]m- k-I
tamw {]m]n-p-p. tZl klnXw A[m\w sNbvX
cmas Bbp-[-ew kzm-tcm-l-W-tmsS A{]-Xy--
am-bn-cp-p. ]c-a-[maw {]m]nv At-l- ns ]cn-hm-c--
sf-sbmw AXp-t]mse ]c-a-[m-a--se-n. `-mpw
]c-a-KXn e`n-p-p. apI-fn sImSp Ep-I khm-
o--epw kXzhpw {]Zm\w sNp--Xm-Wv. CXv A[y-
b\w sNp `pw tamw knn-p--Xm-W.v
{iocm-a-]qhXm-]n-\yp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
Fs AwK ]pjv Snsb {]m]ns. hmv
{]mW Np t{imXw _ew Fnhbpw kIe C{n-
bfpw ]pjvSnsb {]m]ns. Fm D]\njpIfpw
{_w XsbmWv Rm {_s ssIhnSmXncn-
s. Cs\ {_\ncX\mb F\nv D]\njn
{]Xn]mZnXamb [ ssI hcs. Hmw. imn:
imn: imn:
 802

I Hmw Aymbw hmbpsfbpw Btcm]ntXpv. XeapSn hSnv

K
Ifv ]qW s]mnv ]p{Xt\mSv Cs\ ]dbWw.
1. AYmXx kw\ymtkm]m\njZw hymJymkymaxb;
"\o bkzcq]\mWv khkzcq]\mWv.' ]p{X\n
A\p{ItaW kw\ymkyXn k kw\ykvX x `hXn.
sn Xs Bmhnt\mSv Cs\ D]tZinWw.
Ix Abw kw\ymkx DNymtX IYw bxkw\y
]ns Ingtmtm hStmtm bm{X sNWw. NmXp
kvt Xm `hXn bx Bm\w {Inbm`nx Kp]vX w
hWyn s]hcn \nv `n kzoIcnmw.
ItcmXnx amXcw ]nXc `mcymw ]p{Xm _pc
Ic]m{Xn `n hmn Ignmw. `Ww Huj[
A\ptamZbnXzm tb N Aky EXznPxXm k
sa \nebnemIWw. AXmbXv Poh \ne\nm
hmw ]qhhXv {]mWnXzm sshizm\tcjvSnw
th `Wta ]mSpffp. Fv Inptm AXv kzoI
\nhtlXv. khkzw ZZymXv bPam\ky Kmx
cnpI. tatZmhIamb `WacpXv. Cs\ Iri
EXznPx ksshx]mss{Xx kamtcm]y bZmlh
Km{X\mbn {Kman Hcp cm{Xnbpw \Kcn Ap
\ntb Kml]tXy hm A\zmlmcy]Nt\ k`ym
cm{Xnbpw hknWw. hjImev Htc {Kmantem
hkYytbm {]mWm]m\ hymt\mZm\kam\m
\Kcntem Ignbmw. Asn cp amkw hsc
khm kthjp kamtcm]tbXv. k inJm
Ihnbmw Iodnb hkv{Xtam hchpcntbm D]tbmKnmw.
tIim hnkrPy btm]hoXw OnXzm ]p{Xw
ap hkv {X [cncpXv. Cs\ tiw klnp
Zrjv S zm Xzw bxXzw khw CXn A\pa
XmWv X]v. Cs\ {Ia{]Imcw k\ymkw kzoIcn
{tbXv, bZn A]p{Xx, Xzw khw CXn A\pa{
ph\v ]qWptem inJ tbm BNa\tam th.
tbXv, bZn A]p{Xx `hXn, Bm\tah Caw
B[ym\amWv. Ahs inJ; FmbnSpapff
[ymXzm A\thamWx {]mNoapZnNnw hm Zniw
Pen\p hb am{XamWv Ahs ]m{Xw. PemibXocw
{]{htPXv N. NXpjp htjp `nmNcyw
XsbmWv Ah\p Ddm\pff m\w Ftmgpw ]I
NtcXv. ]mWn]mt{XWmi\w IpcymXv. Huj[h
XsbmIpp.
Zi\amNtcXv. Huj[hZi\w {]miv\ \obmXv.
bYmem`aiv \ nbmXv. {]mWk mc Wm w
bZmtatZmhrn\ PmbtX. Irtim `qXzm {Kma cmw Aymbw
GIcm{Xw, \Ktc hm]n htkXv. ]m ssh 1. NXzmcnwiXvkwkvI mckx khXxhnc-
amkm CXn. Zzu amku hm htkXv hnio nip ntaX yB i m, Akqb, Cujy m,
hkv{Xw hev ew hm {]XnKrlvW o bmXv x bZn Almcw ZKv[zm, km[\NXpjvSb k Gh
Aix `hXn tiX X]ytX X] CXn bm hm k\ykvX palXn.
Ghw ]iyXn Inw Aky btm ]hoXw bZv
2. k\ymtk \nbw IrXzm I
B[ym\w, hnZym km inJm, \osscx kh{X
AhnssXx Imcyw \nhb DZc]mt{XW ]p\\ N ItcmXn bx I
Pe Xotc \ ntIX \w. {_ hmZnt\ m hZ n k IpcymXv Ir{NOam{Xw Xp I
AkvXanX BZntXy IYw hm Aky D]kv] ]p\x kw\ykvXp alXn II
i\w CXn. Xm tlmhmN bYm Al\n XYm
3. kw\ymkw ]mXtbZykvXp I
cm{Xu \ Aky\w \ Znhm. XZhn GXZv Ejn
tWmw. kIrXv Znhml Gh Akvssa `hXn ]XnXw \mktbp bx I
b Ghw hnZzm GXm Bm\w kw[t. kw\ymkhnLv\Im N I
k\ymtkm]\njns\n ]dbpp. {ItaW {Xot\Xm ]XnXm hnZp II
{]]s XrPnph\mWv kw\ymkn. kw\ymkw CXn
FmWv? kw\ymkw Fs\bmWv? Bmhn\p thn
\mev]Xphn[nepff kwkvImctmSp IqSnbh
{InbIsf ]cnXyPnph\mWv k\ymkn? amXmhv,
\pw Fmnepw ]q hncn hh\pw Nn ip\pw
]nXmhv, ]p{X, klHmZc FnhcpsS kX{]Imcw
Bi, Akpb, Cujy, Almcw Fnh \innv
bw sNnphsc Fsbpw t]mse \akvI
km[\ NXpjvTb k\pamWv k\ymkn. kw\ymkw
cnv sshizm\cbwsNpI. Cu Ln bPam\
kzoIcnm Xocpam\nXn\ptijw AXv ssIhnh\v
Xs khkzhpw Zm\w sNpIbpw EXznpI kIe
Ir{Nm{mbW {hXm\pjvTm\v tijw AXv
kma{KnIfpw ]m{Xfpw klnXw lh\w sNIbpw
ssIsmffmw. kw\ymkn \nv ]X\w hh\pw
thWw. Blh\obw, Km]n]Xyw ZnWmn Fo
]XnX\v kw\ymkZo sImSpph\pw kw\ymk
aqp hn[nepff AnIsfbpw k`yhpw BhkYy
{KlWn XSw kyjvSnph\pw ]XnXzw hcpp.
hpw {]mW A]m\ hym\ DZm\ kam\ Fo

N P
 803

I 4. AY jWvU:, ]XnX:, AwKhnIe:, kvss{XW:, K

Hmw `q: kzmlm Fv sNmn inJ IfbWw. Fm
_[nc:, A`I: ]mjWv U :, N{Io:, enwKo:, btm]hoXw IftbXn. bw, _ew, m\w,
s s h J m\ k :, l c Z znP \ :, `r X I m[ y m ] I :, sshcmKyw, ta[ Fnh {]Zm\w sNs Fv ]dv
in]nhnjvS: A\nI: sshcmKyh:At]ytX \ ]qW s]mnWw
kw\ymkmlm: kw\ykvXm bZy]n almhmtIym
Hmw. `q: kzmlm Fp sNmn hkv{Xsbpw Ac
tZi \m[nImcnW:
m NcSns\bpw shffn Ifv "k\ymkvXw
Xmsg ]dbph kw\ymkw {Klnphm tbmKyc abm' Fv aqpXhW sNmWw.
\]pwkI,]XnX, AwKlo\, kv{Xokz`mhm
9. k\ymk\w ZznPw ZyjvS zm I
c, _[nc, _me, aqI, ]mjWvU, enwKn, IpjvT
tcmKn, sshJm\k, {_WXzn \nv ]XnXzw m\meXn `mkvIcx I
hh thX\w ]p A[ym]I, Antlm{Xw Gj ta aWvU ew `nXzm I
sNmh, \mkv X nI, sshcmKn. Hcp ]t ]cw{_m[n KXn II
kw\ymkw kzoIcnmepw D]tZiw sImSpm Ahv
Albn. kqcy kw\ymknsbbpw {_mWs\bpw ImWp
tm kzm\p\nv hyn Nenpp. Ch
5. BcqV ]XnXm]Xy: I Fs aWvUesbpw t``np sImv {_s {]m]n
Ip\nJo iymhZI: I pp shv ]dbpp.
bo XYmw KhnIe: I 10. jjvSow Ipem\n AXoXm\n I
ss\h kw\ykvXp alXn II jjvSnamKmanIm\n N I
6. kw{]XyhknXm\mw N I Ipem\ypctX {]mx I
alm]mXIn\mw XYm I kw\ykvX anXn tbm htZXv. II
{hXym\ma`niv]Xm\mw I 11. tb N km\Pmwx tZmjmx I
kw\ymkw ss\h ImctbXv II tb tZmjm tZlkw`hmx I
7. {hXbRvPXt]mZm\ ss{]jmnKltX khm I
tlmakzm[ybhnXw I Xpjmncnh Im\w II
kXyiuN]cn{`jvSw I
12. kJm am tKm]mtbXnZWv Uw ]cn{KtlXv
kw\ymkw ss\hImctbXv I
13. ZWvU w Xp sshWhw kuayw kXzw N
GtX \mln kw\ymkamXptcW ]pWyekapXv]w \m\m
hn\m{Iaw. II Ij tim[nXw
kw\ymkkzoIcWn\p tijw ]XnXzw hh\pw 14. AZKv[alXw IossSx I
No \Japffh\pw aen\amb ]pffh\pw {`mp\pw ]h{KnhncmPnXw I
hnIemwK\pw kw\ymkw sImSpcpXv.BIkvanIambn
\mkmZLv\w inckvXpeyw I
sshcmKyw hh,alm]m]w sNbvXh,kwkv Imc
iq\y \nXy Ch kw\ymk {KlWn\v A\l {Zpthmhm hnZybmZyXnx II
cmWv. {hXw, bw, X]v, Zm\w, tlmaw. Fnhsbm "Rm kw\ymknp" Fp ]dbp m\n Xs
pw Cm\pw kzm[ymbw sNmh\pw kXyhpw hcm t]mIpXpw IgnXpamb Adp]Xv XeapdIfn
ipnbpw Cmh\pw kw\ymkw sImSpcpXv. C epffhsc Dcnpp. ss]XrIamb tZmjsfbpw
s\bpffhv thWsan BXpckw\ymknamcmImw. Xs imcncoI tZmjsfbpw Abm Danobv
Fm Ahv \nbam\pkrXamb kw\ymkn\v kznse amen\ysat]mse `kv a ampp.
AlXbn. "kplrt,Fs cnp" Fp ]dp ZWvUw
8. Hmw `q: kzmtlXn inJmapXv] mSy btm kzoIcnWw. apfbmWv ZWvU n\v Daw. AXv
]hoXw _lo \ \nhtkXv. bi: _ew,m\w, hfhnmXpw appI CmXpw \m\v
sshcmKyw, ta[mw, {]btXn btm]hoXw hfXpambncnWw. AXn Hcp hn[nepff tItSm
OnXzm Hmw kzmlm C Xn A] v k p hk v { Xw ]pffntbm ]mSn. ]gInbXpw IoS XpfXpw A`n
ISnkq{Xw N hnkrPy kw\ykvXw ambm CXn. Imaya. aqphsctbm Xehsctbm ]pcnIw hsctbm
{Xnhmca`na{tbXv. \nfw hcpXmbncnWw.
N P

I 15. ZWvUmXv at\mkvXp kwtbmKx I
khYm Xp hn[obtXm I
\ ZWvtU\ hn\m Kt
Znjp t] {Xbw _px[x
Bmhn\pw ZWvUn\pw Xnepff tN Bh
iyamWv. AXn\m k\ymkn ssIbn ZWvUanmsX
aqp ic]X\ Zqcn IqSpX kcncpXv.
16. PKnh\w Poh\m[mc`qXw am tX am a{
bkz kh kuay CXn IaWv U ep FSpv
tbmK]m`njn\mbn bYmkpJw kcnpI.
17. XyP [ a[w N I
Dt` kXym\rtX XyP I
Dt` kXym\rtX Xzzm I
tb\ XyPkn XXv XyP I
18. sshcmKy kw\ymko,m\ kw\ymko,
PmRm\sshcmKy kw\ymko, I kw\ymkn
CXn NmXphn[yap]mKXmx
[m[sfbpw kXymkXsfbpw XyPnp
I. ]ns GXp aptJ\bmtWkXymkXysf shSn
Xv AXns\bpw XyPnpI. kw\ymknam \mephn[
apv. sshcmKy kw\ymkn, m\kw\ymkn, m\
sshcmKy kw\ymkn, I kw\ymkn.
19. XZytYXn. ZrjvSm\p{ihnIsshXrjvWytaXy
{] mI v] p W y I h nti j m X v k w\ y k vX x
ksshcmKy kw\ymkn.
20. imkv{Xm\mXv,]m]]pWy temIm\p`h
{i h W mX v, {] ] t m] c t X m tZ l h k \ mw
i mk v {X h mk \ m w X y zm A h a\ m\ manh
{]hrnw khw tlbw aXzm km[\NXp
jvS kx bx kw\ykyXn k Gh m\
kw\ymko.
21. {ItaW kha`yky kh a\p`qb m\
s s h c mK y m`y m w k zc q] k mt\ \ A tZ l
am{Xmhinjv Sx kw\ymky PmXcq][tcm `hXn
km\sshcmKy kw\ymko.
IXpw tIXpamb hnjbtfmSv Xme]cyam
msX ]qh P]pWy^eambn sshcmKyw hXn\m
kw\ymknhs\ sshcmKykw\ymknsbv ]dbpp.
imkv{Xm\w t\Sn temInse \ XnI A\p`n
dnv {]]n\p t\pff Xmev]cyw hnv tZlhm
k\ imkv{Xhmk\, temIhmk\ Fo GjW {Xbw
hnv Fm hn[nepapff {]m]nI hrnIfpw On
n ]mZmw t]mse IcpXn km[\NXpjvSbw tNv
kw\ymkw kzoIcnph\mWv m\ kw\ymkn.
N P
804
{Iam\pkrXambn kIeXpw A`yknp Fmnsbpw
K
A\p`hw t\Sn m\ sshcmKy XXz icnpw
{Klnv tZlw am{Xw Ahtijnnp kw\ymkw kzoIcn
ph PvRm\ sshcmKy kw\ymknbmIpp.
22. {_Ncyw kam]y Krlo`qXzm hm\ {]m
{iataXy sshcmKym`mth f ]n B{ia {Iam\p
kmtcW bx kw\ykrk I kw\ymkn.
{_mNcyw Kmlyw hm\{]w Fo aqm
{iasfbpw bYmhn[n \nhlnXn\ptijw sshcm
Kyw Dmbnsn t]mepw \nbam\pkcWw kw\ymkw
kzoIcnph I kw\ymkn.
23. kw\ymkx jUv hnt[m `hXn IpSoNI
_lqZI lwk ]calwk XpcobmXoXmh[r
XmtXn
24. IpSoNIx inJm b tm ]hoXnZWv U I
aWvUep[cx Im ]o\ imSoIm [cx ]nXr amXr
Kwhmcm[\ ]cx ]oTcJ\n{Xn inIymZn a{
km[\ ]cx GI {XmmZ\ ]cx tiztXm [z
]pWv {U[mcn {Xn ZWvUx
25. _lqZI inJmZn Im[c kv{Xo ]pWv{U
[mco {Xn ZWvUx
k\ymknam Bdp hn[amWv. IpSoNI, _lqZ
I, lwk, ]calwk, XpcobmXoX, Ah [qX,
IpSoNI, inJbpw ]qWqepw [cnv ZWvUw IaWvUep,
Iu]o\w, I, Infm Fnhsc Bcm[nv ]oTw
Iqmen inIyw Fnhbpambn HcnSp\np am{Xw
`Ww Ignv tiztXm[z]p{[mcnbmbn {XnZWvUw
[cnv kcnpp. _lpZI inJ, I Fnh
[cnph\pw Fm hn[nepw IpSoNIs\tmse
tX\obpsS ]cn]mSnIeh\pw BWv Ah Fpcpf
tNmdpam{Xw `npp.
26. l wtk m P Sm[ m c o {X n ] p W vt{U m [ z
] p W v {U [ mc o A k w o] v X a[ p I c m mi o
Iu]o\ JWvUXpWvU [mco.
27. ]cwalwk inJmbt m]hoX cloXx
] KrtljpIc]m{Xn GI Iu]o\ [mcoim
SotaImtaIw sshWhwZWv U taI imSo tcm
hm`kvtampf\ ]cx kh XymKo
lwk PSm[mcnbmWv. {Xn]pWv{Uhw A
]pWv{U[mcnbpw ]ebnSp \npw tNmZnp hmn.
`Ww Ignph\pw Iu]o\am{X [mcnbpamWv.
AphoSpIfn \npw ssIbn `n kzoIcnpp.
Asn `kvaw [cnv Hcp hncnp am{Xw kzoIcnv
kIeXpw ssI shSnbpp.

I 28. XpcobmXotXm tKmapJ hrXzm^emlco
Amlmco tNXv Krl{Xtb tZlam{XmhinjvSx
ZnKw_cx IpW]hXv icochrnIx
29. Ah[qXkv X p A\nbax ]XnXm`n ikv X
hP\ ]qhIw kh htjvT APKcarXym
Blmc ]cx kzcq]m\pkm ]cx
khkwK]cnXymKnbmWv XpcobmXoX. Ah
tKmapJ hrnbpw aqv hoSpIfn \nv Atam
^eaqemZnItfm `nbmbn kzoIcnph\pw tZl
am{Xw ]peph\pw ZnKw_c\pamWv. Ah kzw
icos arXicocw t]mse IcpXn PohnXw \bnpp.
Ah[qX\v bmsXmcp \nbahpan. Ah ]XoXamcpw
\nnXamcpw HgnsI Fm hfn \npw
s]cpmns an InpXpsImv Xr]vXnsv Ign
pIqSpp. Ah kz kzcq]m\pkm\n apgpIn
bncnpp.
30. PKmhZnZnZw \mlwk hr XrW ]h
XwbZv _mlyw PUaXywXXv kymw IY alm
hn`pxImte \mev t ]\ hnebotZtlm kla
tNX\.
31. PUbm I ijvSeym Iev]am\ W
tbmiq\ymIrXnx iq\y `hx i_vtZm
\m l a X tNX\x
acfpw ]pw CeIfpw ]hXfpw\nd Cu
kakvX PKpw Fn \nv `namWv.Atm Rm
Fs\ Ahbn Hmbnocpw? Fsm Rm
hn`qh\mWv. Imen Iev]nXhpw AXnio{Lw hnebm
{]m]npXpamb tZlw Rm\.
32. Xz Nm W hn\m in\ym{]mt]ym f {]mt]ym
f b a \yYmNnXv {]kmtZm ]e_vt[mmkv]
tim \mla tNX\x
e_v[ mm Pnbm Xptmtemebm temek
bmkzev]kv] t\m {Zhy \njvt Tmctkm \mla
tNX\x
34. Zriy Zi\tbm eo\w boW hn\min
t\mx tIhte {`jvScnnWwcq]w \mla tNcWw.
35. \mkbmKPUbmbnWym ]cnIev]nXx
t]ethmS \nbXmImtcmKtm
\ml a tNX\x
36. \nt f a\\x imtmKX
]t{nb {`axip
tN X \ G h ml wI m e mI e \ h P nX x
ssNX\y hPnXx Nnm{Xal
tatjm f h `mkI.
N P
805
K
Aev ] t\cw am{Xw \ne\nevpXpw iq\ymIr
Xnbpw iq\ymkzcq]hpw Iev]nXhpw AtNX\hpamb
PUi_vZcq] Rm. AXpt]mse Aev] kabn\p
ffn \inpXpw \mIpXpamb Cu Xzpw
Fn \nv `namWv. Rm ssNX\y {]`mhn
Bm\p `qXn ssIhcp PU kv]ia. Nea\
n \npw AXnt\mSv tN \mn \npw {Zhy
n \npw Dmb Xpamb kv]\hpw Rm\.
AXpt]mse ZriyZi\ hnebw {]m]nXn\ptijw
\inp PUamb A\p`hhpan. Rm tIhew
{`jvSmhp am{Xw.Xpamb PUKhpw Rm\. As\
Rm ]t{nbepsS {`aanmh\pw aaX cln
X\pw imn kzcq]\pw Iemamen\y clnX\pw imn
kzcq]\pw Iemamen\y clnX\pw ip ssNX\y kzcq]
\pw BWv . Rm ssNX\yn\p AZoXamb Nnm{X
{]ImiamWv.
37. k _m lym`ymc hym]n I
\njvI tem f lw \ncRvP\x I
\nhnIev] NnZm`mk I
GI Ghmkvan khKx II
38. assbhtNXt\t\ta I
kth LS]SmZbx I
kqcymm Ah`mkymt I
Zot]t\hmtXPkm II
39. assbh Xmx kv^pcol I
hnNnt{X{nb hrb I
tXPkmx {]Imti\ I
bYmn IW]wbx II
40. A\m\m kwt`mKm I
Ntcm]ia imen\n I
iptmbw Nnbo Zrjv Sn
PbXyJne Zrjv Snjp
41. kh `mhmcmb I
ssNXyap NnZmt\ I
{]XyIv ssNX\y cq]mb I
alytah \tam \ax
AIpw ]pdpw hym]n \njvI f\ncRv P\
\nhnIev]\mbn NnZm`mk\mbn khhym]nbmbnpff
GImmhmWv Rm. Fs Htc Hcp ssNX\yn
\npamWv NcmNcw apX kqcy hscbpff Fmw
tXPkznIfmsSpXv. kth{nbfpsSbpw hnNn{X
hpw hn`nhpamb coXnbnepff hrnI Fs Ax
{]Imin \npw Anbn \npw kv^penwKsf
 806

I t]mse DmIpp. Cu ipNnbZrjvSn Ghpw 48. DrtXm fkvan hnIevt]t`ym K

B\{]Zhpw imnimenbpw GXp Xcn t\mn- tbm fkvan tkm f kvan \tamkvXp tXXp`yw
bmepw Pbw ssIhcnpXpamWv. Cu apamb alya\mb I
Bmhv Fm hn[nepff `mhmcfnepw mbn
Xp`yw alyw NnZmt\ II
bmbn \ne\npp. CXv ssNX\ymhbn \npw
apamb NnZmmhmWv. Cs\bpff {]XyKmmhn\v 49. \akvXp`yw ]tcimb I
\akvImcw. \tam alyw inhmb N I
42. hnNn{Xmx imbx kz I XnjvT\m]n ln \mkot\m I
kambm \nhnImcbm I K]n \ KXn
Nn{Xm{Inbt kabm I 50. imtm f ]n hyhlmcw I
Iem Ie\ apbm II Iph]n \ en]ytX I
43. Ime{Xb apt]n{Xym kptbm ]vX _p hXv I
lo\mbmssXy _ss\x I icoc ]Ipltc I
Nn{XssXyapt]nXzm I thjmtahm jSv ]Zx
kassXhmhinjytX. Ahnn Nn{Zq]mmhmb \n\v \akvImcw.
44. km ln hmNmaKayXzm Rm kZm {]Xyhpw e_v[ hpw DZnXamIpp.
Zkm an] imizXn x I hnIev]clnX\mWv Rm. Rm GsXmmtWm AXp-
Xs Rm. F\nv \akvImcw. Rm\pw \obpw A\
ss\cmknmZi
amWv. \mw cp t]cpw NnZmmhmWv.Cu Bmhv Ccn
ap]bmssXh injytX II
pnsnepw Ccnpp. t]mIpsnepw t]mIp
45. Culm\olm a ssb c n. im\msWnepw Ihy{K\mWv. Imcy
bm NnZmhenXm assex I sNpp shnepw Hnepw en]vX \. Bmhv kZm
bm NntmXv]mZnXpw iym I kpe`amWv. _phns\tmse ka\pw Fmhcp
sSbpw icocamIp ]Iplcn {`acstmse
]mi _th ]nWn II
hknpXpamWv.
46. CmtZzjkapt\ I
51. \ ta t`mKnXu hmRvOm I
Zzztamtl\ Phx I
\ ta t`mKhnkPt\ I
[cmhnhc am\mw I
bZmbmXn XZmbmXp I
IoSm\mw kaXmw KXmx II
XXv {]bmXn {]bmXp XXv II
hnNn{Xhpw kzhpw kh `mhbphpamb
52. a\km a\knnt I
inIsf {]ISampXv. \njvIfhpw Iev]m\mXoXhp
amb NnXv in XsbmWv. Cu Nnn {XnImesf \nclmcXmw KtX I
mfpw in IqSnbXpw Zriy{]]_\ hnap `mth\ KfntX `mth I
amWv. hmNma tKm]pchpw imkzXhpw \ncXn ibhpamb kzkvXnjvTman tIhe: II
Bmhnes\tmse AXv {]tim`npp. Cm\nI
tfmSp IqSnbhcn hnfp NnXv in amen\yabam 53. \n`mhw \nclmcw I
Wv. AXv ]mi_amb ]nsbtmse ]dm \na\kvIa\olnXw I
Aiampp. C sImpw DmIpZzz`mhm tIhemkv] ipm
PohnI tamlw \nanw ]rYznbpsS Kn hoW
t\yh XnjvTXn ta cn]px
IoSv Xpeyambncnpp.
54. Xrjv Wm cKWw OnXzm I
47. Bt\kvXp \akvXp `yahnn
NnZmt\ I acocI ]RvPcmXv I
]cmarjvtSm f kvane_vt[mfkva n I \ Pmt\ Iy KtXmob I
t{]mZntXmkva yNncmZlw \nclmc ]oWo II

N P

I 55. bky \mlw IrtXm t`mthm I
_pn bky \en]vbtX I
bx k ax k h `qtX j v T P oh nXw Xk y
tim`tX II
t`mK A\p`hnWsatm t`mKs shSnb
Wsatm F\nm{Klan. hcpXv hcs t]mIpXv
t]mIs, a\n \npw a\v thsm, Alw
mcw AkvXanm `mh\bm `mh\m \miwkw`hn
m Rm tIhew kz cp]n nXn sNpp.
`mhclnX\pw \nclmc\pw at\mclnX\pw kv ]c
lnXamb ipmmhpamW vRm. B \nebn F\nv
i{Xp FhnsS? Fs icoc ]nRvPcn hknncp
\nclmcamb ]n XrjvWbmIpIb s]mnv
FhnsS t]mtbm? AIrI\pw \nen]vX _pnbpw
kaZinbpw Bbn bmsXmcm PohnXw \bnpp
Ahs PohnXamWv tim`\w.
56. tbmx ioXebm _pym I
cmKtZzjhnapbm I
kmnhXv ]iyXoZw ln I
PohnXw Xky tim`tX I
57. tb\ kayIv ]cnmb I
tltbm]mtZb aPv Xm I
Nnkymt fnXw Nnw I
PohnXw Xky tim`tX II
58. {Kmlym{KmlyI kw_t I
otW imn cptZXyew I
nXna`ymKXm imo I
tam\m am`n[obtX II
59. {`jvS_otPm]am `qtbm I
PmpchnhPnXm I
lrZn PohZv hnapm\mw I
ipm `hXn hmk\m II
60. ]mh\o ]ctamZmcm I
ipkXzm\p]mXo\n I
B [ym\abo \nXym I
kpjp]vXn th XnjvT Xn II
ioXfamb Ax IcWtmSp IqSnbh\pw cmK
tZzjmZnclnX\pw temIs kmo `mht\ ImWp-
h\pamb hynbpsSPohnXw [\yamWv. \XnIsf
kw_n Nn Dt]nh\pw Nnn Xs
ebnnh\pamb hynbpsS PohnXw tim`mbam\
amWv. {Kmlym{KmlyXm _w \inm imn ssIh
N P
807
cpp. As\bpff imnv tamsav ]dbpp. K
hdpsSp hnv apfm tbmKyamXpt]mse
Pohp\mbnonpffhs lyZbnse hmk
\I ipambnocpp. Ah ip\pw DZmc\pw
ipkXz\pw B[ym\bp\pw B[ym\bp
\pw \nXykpjp]vXnbn nXn sNph\pamIpp.
61. tNX\w Nncnw ln I
{]XyIvtNX\ apNytX I
\n\kvI kz`mhXzm
X{X Ie\maew II
62. km kXyXm kminhXm I
kmh ]mcamnIm I
khXm km kwXr]vXn
\\pb{X a\x Xw I
63. {]e] hnkrP KrlvW
pj \nanj]n I
\nckvX a\\m\
kwhnm{X]tcm f kvaylw II
64. aew kwthZyapXvkrPy I
at\m \nqeb ]cw I
Bim]mim\ew OnXzm I
kwhnm{X ]tcmkvaylw II
65. Aip`mip`kev]x I
kwimtm kvan \ncmab; I
\jvt Sm jvSm\njvSIe\; I
kwhnm{X ]tcmkvaylw II
tNX\w Nnncnambnocptm AXv Bm
hmIp tNX\sbv ]dbsSpp. kz`mhw CbmIp
tm AXn tZmjan. AXpXs kXymh.
AXpsImmWv. inhcq]w kXymIamIpXv. AXp
Xs khX. AXpXs kq Xr]vX n.
AXn a\n bmsXmcp hn[nepapff tZmj`mhhpw
Dmn. Rm ]dbpIbpw ssIhnSpIbpw FSppI
bpw IpXpdpIbpw ASbv pIbpw sNppshn-
epw a\\w tN B\amIp kwhnv Bmhp
Xs kwthZyamb amen\yaIn.
a\ns\ CmclnXamn Bim]miw hntZnv
Rm tIhew kwhnXv cq]n nXn sNpp. ip-
`mip` kev]sfmpw IqSmsX Rm \ncmabnXn-
bnemWv. CjvSm\njvS`mK shSnv Rm tIhe
kwhnXv kzcq]ambn.

I 66. BXm ]ctX Xyzm I
\nhn`mtKm PKnXx I
h{PkvX w`hZmm\
ahew_y ntcmkvarlw I
\nembmw \ncmimbmw
kzkwhnmotXmkva ylw II
67. CulnXm \nlnssX aptm I
tltbm]mtZb hPnXx I
IZmkvtXmjtajyman I
kz{]Imi ]tZ nXx I
68. ItZm] ima\t\m I
[cWo[cItc I
ktajyman inemkmayw I
\nhnIev]kam[n\m II
69. \ncmi[ym\hn{im
aqIky aa akvX tI I
IZm Xw Icnjyn I
Ipembw h\]p{XnImx II
70. \ Iev] ]mZ]w Xrjv Wm I
eXw OnXzm at\mh\w I
hnXXmw `qham\kmZy I
hnlcman bYm kpJw II
cmKtZmj shSnv hn`mKclnXamb PKn
Ignv kpZrVmmhmIp kvXw`w B{ibnv Rm
\nesImffpp. \nehpw CmclnXhpamb Bm-
nXnbn Rm \nesImffpp. Rm tNjvSbpw
AtNjvSbpw tlbhpw D]tZbhpw ssIhnv Ftm
BmkpjvS\mIpw AtmgmWv kzbw {]Imimh-
bnsepXv. Fs\nv ]hX Kplbnencpv im-
\mbn a\\w sNbvXv \nhnIev] kam[n {]m]nv Ip
t]mse \ne\mIm Ignbptam? Ftm Rm Aw-
iclnXamb {_[ym\n Ghpw \ne n-
Xnbnencns IpbnepI Fs Xebn IqSp \nn-
ptam? kev]amIp hrsfbpw apdnv a\m-
Ip hnkvXrX`qanbn Fp Rm kkpJw hnhcn
pw? ]ca]Zw {]m]nv ssIheycq]ambn Rm hnlcn
pp.
71. ]Zw XZ\pbmtXmkvan I
tIhtem fkvan P]maylw I
\nhmtWm fkva n\octlm fkvan I
\n cmtim fkvan \ncn]vknXx II
N P
808
72. kztXmPnXXm km I K
lrZyXm kXyXmXm I
B\ntXm]iaXm I
kZm {]apZntXm ZnXm I
]qWtXmZmcXm kXym I
Imn km kssZIXm II
73. CtXyhw Nnb `npx I
kzcq]nXn aRv Pkm I
\nhnIev] kzcq]tm I
\nhnIevt]m _`qh l I
\nhmW, \ncol, \ncwIpi \nco]vknX,
Cu AhkvXItfmsS Rm kz\pw hocyhm\pw km
imenbpw kXym\ kzcq]\pw Bbnoncnpp.
B\w D]iaw {]kX ]qtmZmcX kXyw AssZz
Xw FnhbpsS `mh\ tNv k\ymkn kzkzcq]
nX\mbncnWw. \nhnIev] kzcq]\mbn Rm
Xoncnpp.
74. BXptcm PohXn tNXv {Iakw\ymkx I
hyx \ iq{Z, kv{Xo]XntXZmIym,kw`mjWw. \
btXtZh]qPt\mh Zi\w. Xkvam k\ym
knk GjtemIu, BXpc IpSnNItbm `temI
`qhtemIu, _lpZIky kz temIx, Xpcobm
XoXmh[oXtbmx kzmt\yh ssIheyw kzcq
]m\pkmt\\ {`acIoS\ymbhXvx
BXpc k\ymkw kzoIcnh PohnncnpIbm
sWn Ah {Iakw\ymkw kzoIcnm, {ian
Ww, iq{Z, kv{Xn ]XnX. cPkzebmb kv{Xn Fnhcp
ambn kw`mjWacpXv. GsXnepw tZhs\ ]qPnp
Dhw ImWm t]mIcpXv. ImcWw euInIImcyw
k\ymknpffX. BXpc\pw IpSnNI\pw `qtemIhpw
`qh temIhpw _lpZI\v kztemIhpw lwk\v
Xt]mtemIhpw ]calwk\v kXytemIhpw e`npp.
XqcnbmXnXsbpw Ah[qXsbpw \nebnepffh {`ac
IoS\ymtb\ kzkzcq]m\p km\w sNbvXv ssIheym-
hbn nXn sNpp.
75. kzcq]m\p km\ hyXncnm\y imkv{Xm
`ymk Djv{ SIppa `mhmZv hyx \ tbmK
imkv{X {]hrnx \ kmwJy ikv{Xm`ymtkm \
a{ X{hym]mcx t\Xc ikv {X{]hrnb
tXkvXn. AkvXn tNZvOhmemchXv INmchn
ZyZqcx \ ]cn{hmUv \mako\ ]cx bZy
XvI ItcmXn XZv ^ea\p`hXn. GcWvU
ssXet^\hXv khw ]cnXytPXv \ tZhXm
{]kmZ {KlWw _mly tZhm\w IpcymXv.

I kzcq]m\p km\amsX ap imkv{XfpsS A`y
k\w k\ymknsb kw_nnStmfw HIns
]pdv Ippaw IbpXpt]mse shdpsXbmWv.
kw\ymknI tbmK{]hrntbmkmwJy imkv{Xm`ym
ktam a{X{ hym]mcmZnItfm Hpw sNtXn.
AsXms hPyamIpp. Bscnepw As\ sNbvXm
AXv ihs AecnpXpt]msebmWv. \mak
o\fnepw kw\ymkn hym]cncpXv. ImcWw
Fsnepw Iw sNbvXm AXns ^ew A\p-
`hntXmbn hcpp. Ah BhWsbnse
]Xt]mse kIeXpw XyPnWw. kw\ymknv GsX
nepw tZhXbpsS {]kmZw ZinpItbm GsXnepw
_mly tZhXsb ]qPnpItbm sNt Bhiyan.
76. kzhyXncnw khw Xyzm a[pcIchrXym
Blmcw Ignv taZv hnnp Blmcsampw
IgnmsX Iriicoc\mbn hnlcnWw. ssIbntem
]m{Xntem `n kzoIcnv Imew \bnWw. B-
m\nbmb kw\ymkn BkwlnXamb Blmcta
Ignm ]mSpffp.
77. Blmcky N `mKu Zzu I
XrXoX apZIky N I
hmtbmx kmcWmmb I
NXpahtijtbXv I
78. ss`tW htbnXyw I
ss\Immio`thXv IzNnXv I
\ncot Xz\pZznm
kvXZv Krlw bXv\tXm {htPXv II
hbdns cp `mKw L\]Zmw sImpw Hcp
`mKw shffw sImpw \ndpw \mensemcp`mKw hmbp
kmcn\v HgnnSWw. `nmhrnXs kzoIcn
pI. Htc hon \nv XpSsc Blmcw IgncpXv.
imambn ImncnphcpsS hon `np
t]mIpI.
79. ] k]vX KrlmWmw Xp I
`nm antXv {InbmhXmw I
tKmtZml am{XamImw t I
\njv{Im tm \ ]p\ {htPXv
80. \mZv hctm]hmk I
D]hmkmZbmNnXx I
AbmNnXmZv hcw ss`yw I
XkvamZv ss`tyW htbZv II
81. ss\h khym] kthy\ I
`nmImte hntiZv Krlm I
N P
809
\mXn {ImaXvKrlw tamlm K
Zy{X tZmtjm \ hnZytX II
82. t{im{Xnbmw \ `ntX I
{im `n _lnjvIrXw I
{hmXykym]n Krtl `ntXv I
{im`n ]pckvI rtX II
83. am[qIckkwn]vXw I
{]mIv {]WoX abm NnXw I
XmXmImenIw tNm]]w I
ss`w ]hn[w kvarXw II
84. a\x kev]clnXmw
kv{Xo Krlm ]k]vX hm I
a[panIhXv IrXzm I
am[qIcanXn kvarXx II
85. {]mXx Imte N ]pthZyp
bZv `ssx {]mnXw aplpx I
XZv ss`w {]mIv {]WoXw kymXv I
nXw IpcymXv XYm]n hm II
ipmNmcnIfmbhcpsS Atm Gtgm hoSpIfn
`nv t]mImw ]iphns\ Idm BhiyapffnS
tmfw kabw Imp\nmw. Hcn t]mb hon
hopw t]mIcpXv. cm{Xnbnse Blmcsm D]hm
kw {ijvTamWv. AbmNnX `nsbm bmNnX `n
bmWpaw, AXn\m `nsb B{ibnpI. `nmL
n CSXphipff hgnIfn IqSntbm heXp`mK
pIqSntbm hon {]thincpXv. tZmjcloXamb
Krln t]mImXncncpXv. thZ {imclnX\m
sWn AbmfpsS Krln t]mtI. kwkvImc
iq\ys\nepw {ibpw `nbpw Dffhs\n Ahs
Krln \npw `n kzoIcnmw. `n Ap
hn[nepv. Akwn]vXw, am[pIcw, {]mIv{]WoXw,
AbmNnXw, XmXvImenIw D]]w. a\n apIqn
DdbvmsX GsXnepw aqtm Atm Gtgm hoSpI
fn sNv tX\nsbtmse `n kzoIcopXv
Akev]nX am[qIcamWv. {]`mX thfbntem {]Ya
Znhkw Xstbm Bscnepw `n]qhw At]n
m AhnsS {]mIv {]WoX `n kzoIcnpXn\v
t]mImhpXmWv.
86. `nmS\ kaptZymKm
tZy\ tI\ \na{nXw I
AbmNnXw Xp XZv ss`
t`mhyw N apapn`nx II

I 87. D]mmt\\ bXv t{]mw I
`nmw {_mtW XXv I
XmevmenI anXn JymXw I
t`mhyw bXn `nx kZm II
88. knaw bZm \oXw I
{_mtW\ aTw {]Xn I
D]]anXn {]mlp
ap\tbm tam ImwnWx II
89. Ntcm[qIcw ss`w I
bXntIp emZ]n I
GImw \Xp `pRvPnX I
_rlkv]Xn kamZ]n I
bmNnXmbmNnNXm`ymw N I
`nm`ymw Iev] tbXv _p[x II
90. \ hmbpx kv]i tZmtjW I
\mo Zl\ IWm I
\mt]m aq{X]qcojm `ymw I
\mtZmtjW akvI co II
91. hn[qta kapkte I
hywKmtc `pht\ I
Iptey]cmt `qbnjvtT I
`nmNcWamNtcXv II
92. A`nikvXw N ]XnXw I
]mjWvUw tZh ]qPIw I
hPbnXzm NtcZv ss`w I
khhtjp Nm]Zn II
`nmw kcnptm Bscnepw Wn
m AhnsS t]mbn kw\ymkn `n kzoIcnpXv
AbmNnX `nbmWv. `nv ]pdsSptm Hcp
{_mW hv Blmcw Ignm Wnm B
XmevmenI `n kzoIcnmw. \nXyhpw Hcp {_m
W Xs Krln ]mIw sNbvX Blmcw sImp
hp Xm tamtphmb k\ymknv D]] `n
bmbn AXv ssIsmffmw. \nhrnbnsn kw\ym
knv ts Kyln \npw `nbmImw. Fm
Htc m\p\np Xs Hcnepw `n kzoIcn
cpXv. Hcp ]t Abm _rlkv] Xnsbtmse
]qPy\msWnepw kZmbmNnXtam AbNnXtam Bb
`n aptJ\ PohnXw IgnpXmWp Nn{Xw. hmbp
kIescbpw kv] inpp, An kIeXpw Zlnn
pp, Pen aeaq{XmZnI Iecpp, Fnepw
Ahv kv] itZmjan. AXpt]mse kw\ymkn
N P
810
AtZmjw sImv ZpjnX\mIpn. ]pIbnmXpw
K
DebpsS i_vZw CmXpw Bb m\pw Xobv
ian epw BfpI Blmcw IgnpsImncnp
nSpw a[ym tijw `n kzoIcnmw. B]XvIm
efn kw\ymknv \ny\pw ]XnX\pw ]mjWvU
\pw BbnpffhcpsS hoSpIsfmgnsI kIehfn
s]hcn \npw `n kzoIcnmhpXmWv.
93. LrXw izaq{X kZriw I
a[p kymXv kpcbmkaw I
ssXew kqIc aq{Xw kymXv I
kq]w eiq\ knXw II
94. amj ]q]mZn tKmaw kw I
ocw aq{Xkaw `thXv I
Xkva mXv kh {]btXv\ I
LrXmZn htbZyXnx II
LrXkp]mZn kwbp
aw \mZymXv I ZmN\ I
]m{Xaky `thXv ]mWn
kvtX\ \nXyw nXnw \tbXv I
]mWn]m{X c tbmKn \mkvIrXv
ss`amNtcXv II
96. Btky\ Xp bZmlmcx I
tKmhXv arKbtX ap\nx I
XZm kax kymXv kthjy I
tkm f arXXzmb Iev] tX II
s\v k\ymknsb kw_nnStmfw IpXnc
aq{Xn\v XpeyamWv. tX aZyn\v Xpeyhpw, F
]naq{Xn\v Xpeyas{X. shfppffn tN ]Zm
, DgpptNhapXembh tKmamwk\p
XpeyamWv. ]mev aq{Xn\v Xpeyw, s\v apXembh
Cm Blmcta Ignmhq. kw\ymknv ssI
XsbmWv ]m{Xw. AXn Xs Blmcw IgnWw.
Hcp Znhkw cp XhW `ncpXv. ]iphns\tmse
Blmcw Ignp k\ymkn ka Zinbmb AarXXz
n\v ]m{XamIpp.
97. BPyw cp[ncanh XytPXv GI{Xmw ]ee
anh mcay Panh hkv{XapnjvS hm {ianh
A`rKw kv{Xo kwKanh an{XmmZbpw aq{Xanh
k v] r l mw tK m amwk an h mX N c tZ i w
NWvU me hmSn Imanh kv{Xnbw Alnanh kph
w ImfIqSnanh k`mew ivami\ eanh
cmP[m\nw Ipw`n]mI anh ihw ]nWvUh tZI
{Xmw \ tZhXm\w {]]hrn ]cnXyPy
Pohptm `thXv .
 811

I s\v cn\p Xpeyambpw Iqnsh amkwt]m 104. GImw aZamcyw I K

sebpw ]cnXyPnpI. Km\pte]\w ZpjvX hkvXphn K]pjv]hn`pjWw I
s\mhpw Dv NWvUmfs\tmsebpw hkv{Xw Fn
Xmw_qem`yRvPt\ {IoUm I
]m{Xw t]msebpw A`ywKw kv{XokwKw t]msebpw
t\cw t]mv aq{Xstmsebpw Alw`mhw tKmamwkw t`mKmImx m ckmb\w
tmsebpw IcpXWw. ]cnNnXcpsS Krln `nv 105. I\w Ir\w kzkvXn I
t]mIcpXv. k`mZnI ivaim\ambn IcpXpI. Htc hon
tPymXn {Ibhn{Ibw I
\nv `Ww IgnpXv arXI ]nWvUw t]mse IcpXn
ssIshSnbWw. tZh]qP ]mSn. {]m]nI kpJw {InbmIhnhmZ I
ssIhnv Pohp\mIpI. KpcphmIyhnewL\w II
98. Bk\w ]m{Xtem]kbx 106. kn hn{Ktlm bm\w I
injy kbx I aIw ip hkv{XIw I
Znhmkzt]m hrYmemt]m I ipt{mtm Znhmkz]vt \m I
btX_IcmWn jSv II `nm [mckvX p ssXPkw II
99. hjmt`ym\y{X bXv m\ 107. hnjw ssNhmbp[w _oPw I
amk\w XZpZmlrXw I lnwkmw ssXIjvWyw N ssaYp\w I
DmemZn ]m{XmWm Xyw k\ymktbmtK\ I
taI kym ]ol kw{Klx I Krl[mZnIw {hXw II
100. btXx kwhyhlmcmb I 108. tKm{XmZn NcWw khw I
]m{Xtem]x k DNytX I ]nXramXrIpew [\w I
KrloXky Xp ZWvUmtZ
{]Xnjnm\n ssNXm\n I
ZznXobky ]cn{Klx II
tkhamt\m {htPZ[x I
Bkw, ]m{Xtem]\w, k\w, injykbw
109. kpPntm f ]n kpPnky I
,Znhmkz]v\w, hrXmem]w, Cu Bdpw bXnv _
ImcWamWv. hjImew HgnsIbpff m\n\v hnZzm kv{Xojp \ hniztkXv I
Bk\sav t]; k\ymknv hn[nnpff Npcbvm kpPnmkz]n Imkp I
apXembh \jvSsXn\p tijw asmsSppXmWv ktX Poaw_cw II
]m{Xtem]w. Xs ZWvUw apXembh ssIhnp t]mb
Xn\ptijw asmsSppXv ]cn{KlamIpp. 110. mhcw PwKaw _nPw I
ssXPkw hnjambp[w I
101. Imemtcm]t`mKmw I
jtUXm\n \ KrlvWobm
kbx ]cnIonXx I
ZyXnxaq{X ]qcojhXv.
ip{iqjm em` ]qPmw I
btimw hm ]cn{Kl II ]ns Znhkv thn Impshbvp-
XmWv kw{Klw. ip{iqj, em`w, ]qP bin\p thn
102. injymWmw \Xp ImcWymXv I {]hnpI Fnhbpw ]cn{KlamWv. B ipn
injy kw{Kl CucnXw I v kIcpWw hhs\bmsX A\ys\ injy\mp
hnZym Znhm {]Imi Xzm Xv injykw{KamamW.v k\ymkn hnZysb {]Im
ZhnZym X{X cpNytX iambpw AhnZysb cm{Xnbmbpw IcpXsSpp. AXn
\m hnZy`ykn {]amZw ImWnpXv Znhm
103. hnZymt`ytk {]amtZm bx I kz]v\amWv. B[ymnI IYI `nsb kw_n
k Znhm kzm] DNytX I p Imcy A\p{Klw tNmZyn\pcw sImSp
B[ymnInw IYmw apzm `nm hmmw pI FnhsbmgnsI kwkmcnpsXmw hy
hn\m XYm I Pev]\n s]Spw Alw`mhw, acw GImw ,
Kw, ]pjv]w, B`cWw, Xmw_qe{KlWw, FtXp
A\p{Klw ]cn{]iv\w I
Ipfn, {InU, t`mtK, ckmb\w, apJkvX pXn, \n,
hrYm Pevt]m\ym DNytX
N P
 812

I Ipie{]iv\w {Ibhn{Ibw {InbmI , hmZhnhmZw K

Fnh {Klnp kw\ym\nv A[:]X\amWv. AssZz
KpcphmIyewL\w kn hn{Kl, In, shfp X\uIbn Ibdn PohpXzw hcnpIsbXmWv
hkv{Xw, hocXymKw, ]Iepdw, `nm]m{Xw, kzw, kw\ymknbpsS Ihyw.
hnjw, imkv{Xw, {]mWnlnwk, tIm]w, ssaYp\w Fn
116. hmKvZ WvtU au\amXn jvt TXv I
hsbmw kw\ykn ]qambpw ssIshSnbWw. amXm
hns Iense kv B{KlncpXv. hr\pw Imb ZWvtU Xzt`mP\w I
]WvUnX\pamb kw\ymkn hrkv{Xosbbpw hnizkn am\tk Xp IrtX ZWvtU I
cpXv. Fsm ]gbXpWnbpw hkv{Xw XsbmW {]mWmbmtam hn[obtX II
tm. mhc PwKa _oPw kzw, hnjw, Bbp[w
117. IWm _m[yX Pp
Chsbmw k\ymkn aeaq{X Xpeyw XymPyambn
IcpXWw. hnZybm N hnapNytX I
Xkva mXv I \ Iphn I
111. ss\hmZ`oX]mtYbw I
bXbx ]mcZin\x II
bXnx InnZ\m ]Zn I
]Izam]p KrlvWobmXv I 118. cYymbmw _lp hkv{XmWn I
bmhZw \ e `ytX II `nm kh{X e`ytX I
`qanx imkvXn hnkvXom I
112. \ocpP bphm ssNh I
bXbx tI\ ZpxJnXm II
Znp\mhktY htkXv I
]cmw \n{]Xn{Km]yw I 119. {]] aJnew bkvXp I
\ ZZym IY\ II PmRm\mu PqlqbmZyXnx I
B\ynkmamtcm]y I
113. ssZ\y `mhp `qXm\mw I
tkmntlm{Xo apZmbXnx
ku`Kmb bXn ivNtcXv I
]Izw hm bZn hm]Izw I 120. {]hrnx Zznhn[m t{]mm I
bmNamt\m {htPZ[ ammco ssNh hm\co I
m\m`ymkhXm tamXp
114. AZm\]tcm `np
hm\cot`mIXztah N
hkv{XmZo\w {]Xn {Klo I
BhnIw hm\mhnIw hm I 121. \m ]rjvSwx IkyNnXv {_qbm
XYm ]]Sm\]n II Nm\ymtb\]rXx I
P\\m]n ln ta[mho PUhtm IamNtcXv
115. {]XyKrly bXnXm I
]XtXyh \ kwibx I 122. kthjm tah ]m]m\mw I
AssZzXw \mham{inXy I kwLmtX kap]ntX I
PohpmXzam]v\pbmXv. II Xmcw ZzmZi kml{k
a`ytkt Z\w ln XXv
B]p ImemsX kw\ymkn hgnnehn\v
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bnn ]Izmw kzoIcnmw. BtcmKyhm\pw bphm {]Whw P]tX \zlw I
hpamb kw\ymkn Hcnepw A\ys Krln Xky ZzmZi`namsskx I
IgnbcpXv.apffhp thn Fsnepw hkvX p
]cw {_ {]ImitX I
hmpItbm sImSppItbm ]mSn. A\ycpsS \v
Bmambn {ianWw. ]mIw sNbvXtXm A CXyp]\njXv
tXm Bb hkvXp hmpItbm sImSppItbm ]mSn. AYhm hmn\v in sImSpWsancnn
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sNbvXtXm AmtXm Bb hkvXp BhiysSpXv pI, a\ns\ innWsan {]mWmbmawsNpI,
At[mKXnv ImcWamWv. Blmcn AXymn PohnI Ifm _\n s]Spp. hnZybm
ImpI, anI hkv{ Xw Infn hkv{Xw ]p hkv {Xw AXn \nv tamN\w t\Spp. AXn\m m\nbmb

N P
 813

I kw\ymkn In \npw Hgnncnpp. sXcphp ]dbcpXv. Bscnepw A\ymbsn tNmZnmepw K

Ifn \nv ]gb XpWn [mcmfw Inpw. `nbpwkpe`
amWv. ChnsSbpw Ddm CSw Inpw. ]ns kw\ym
knv Fn\mWv Zp:Jw? k\ymkn {]]amsI m
\mnbn ZlnnWw Xs Bmhn Bmhns\
Pzennph\mWv almm\nbmb Antlm{Xn.
ammcn Fpw hm\cnsbpw hrnI phn[-
apst{X. m\m`ymknIv apJyambpw ammco
hrnbmWv. A{][m\ \nebnhm\co hrnbpw
BImw. tNmZnmsX bmsXmpw Atmp tIdn
ancpXv. Cu amXncn Lfn Adnbmsanepw
PUs\tmsebpw aqUs\tmsebpw s]cpamdWw.
GsXnepw ]m] IrXyw \Sm ]ocmbncw XmcI
a{w P]nv ]m]w ]cnlcnWw. Znhkhpw ]Xn\mbncw
Dcp {]Whw P]nph\v ]{pamkn\pffn
Xs ]c{_s kmmXvIcnphm Ignbpsam
Wv D]\njpIfpsS Dn.
k\ymtkm]\njv kam]np.

1 kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv 3
imn ]mTw 2. kc-kzXo Zi tmIym
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x {ipXw ta am {]lm-ko-ct- \-\m-[otX \mtlm- ae`w ap\n-]pw-Khm
cm-{XXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jym-an. kXyw hZn-jym-
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imnx imnx tZhXm alm-k-ck - zXo tXyssX cwK \ymkx
1. Ejtbm l ssh `K-hw Bizm-em-b\w aljn-am `K-hm Biz-em-b-\s ASpp sNv
kw]q-Py-]-{]Nvipx At-ls bYm-hn[n ]qPn--Xn-\p-tijw tNmZnp: ""`K-
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X-bpS D]m-k-\-sImv XXz-m\w e`n-m Ign-p.

N P

I AXn-s\-p-dnv ]dp Xcm Zb-hp-m-IW- w. Biz-
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ns aln-a-bm-em-Wtm Abvv `K-hXn alm-e-van-
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p Xcp-am-dm-I-Ww. CXp-tIv Bizm-em-b-\ ]dp:
{io kc-kzXo Zi-tmIo alm-a{- -ns Ejn Rm
Xs-bm-Wv. CXns Ov A\p-jvSp-m-Ip-p. tZhX
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hmp-sImpw \an-p-p.
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_oP- i n Ioe-I w. CjvS mt hn\n- t bmKx
at{W \ymkx
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btX AssZzXm {_Wx inx km amw ]mXp
kc-k z-Xo.
N P
814
11. {low B t\mZnthm _rlXx ]h-XmZm kc- K
kzXo bP-Z mKw Xp bw lhhw tZho PpPp-
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]Xo. bw hjvSp [nbm hkpx
15. tNmZ-bn-{XoXn a{-ky-a-[p- Ejnx Kmb{Xn
Ox-kc - -kzXo tZh-Xm. pan-Xn-_o-P-inx Ioe
Iw at{W \ymkx
Hmw. {]mtWm tZho F a{-ns Ejn `c-Zzm-
P\pw Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Ip-p.
Hmw. \ax _oPw.
thZm {_ XXz kzcq-]n-Wnbpw hn`n \ma-cq-]-
-s.
Zm\-m kptim-`n-Xbpw kvXpXn-p--hsc cn-
cmb Rsf A-m ]cn-]q-cm--s.
"B \uZnhm F a{-ns Ejn A{Xnbpw
Ov A\p-jvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
thZ-th-Zmw-K
- -fn kvXpXn--s-n-cn-p-hfpw ]c-
{_--ns AssZzX in-bp-amb `K-hXn kc-kzXn
Fs cn-s.
D]m-ky-bmb tZhn kc-kzXn tPymXna-b-amb kptem-
I-p-\npw Xmsg ]h-Xm-Im-c-amb taLfpsS a[y-
n-eqsS R-fpsS b-n hp tNc-Ww. tZhn
R-fpsS kvXpXn-I-fm {]k--bmbn R-fpsS kvtXm
{X- tI-s.
"]mh-I m\' F a{-ns Ejn a[p--bpw
Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BIp-p.
h--fnepw ]Z--fnepw hmIy-nepw A-k-
lnXw kh{X hym]n-n-cn-p-hfpw BZy-m-Xo-Xbpw
A\-c- q-]n-Wn-bp-amb tZhn kc-kzXn Fs cn-s
- .
Fm-h-scbpw ]cn-ip- -cm- p-hfpw Aw sImpw
Iw sImpw e`y-am-Ip [\w km-Zn-m Imc-W-
`q-Xbpw Bb tZhn kc-kzXn R-fpsS b-n
hcm Xmev]cyw hln--s.

I "tNmZbn{Xn' F a{-ns Ejn a[p- - bpw
Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
16. B[ym-a- -[n-ssZhw N tZhm\mw kay-Ko-izco
{]Xy-KmkvtX thZ-obm km amw ]mXp
kc-kzXo
17. pw tNmZ-bn{Xow kq\r-Xm\mw tNXo kpa
Xo\mw bw Zt[ kc-kz-Xo.
18. atlm A CXn a{ky a[p Ejnx
Kmb{Xo Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. ku coXn
_oPinx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
19. A-cym-aym-\m hnizw ss{XtemIyw bm\n-b-
Xn cp{Zm- Z n- X ymZn cq]m bkym- a m- t hiy
Xmw]p\x
20. [ymbo kh cqss]Im km amw ]mXp kc-
kzXo kux atlm Ax kc-kzXo {]tNm{I
bXn tIXp\m [ntbm hnizm hncm-PX
- n.
tZh-m-cpsS t{]c-Wm--I-i-nbpw B[n-ssZ-h-cq-]n-
Wnbpw \psS Dn hmWo cq]-n {]Xn-jvTn--s-
-hf
- p-amb `K-hXn Fs cn--s.
kXyhpw {]nb-hp-amb hmp ]d-bp-hm t{]cW
\Ip--hfpw m\-{]-Zm-bn-\-bp-amb kc-kzXo tZhn
R-fpsS bs [cn-n-p-v. "atlm Ax' F
a{-ns Ejn a[p--bpw Ov Kmb-{Xnbpw tZhX
kc-kz-Xn-bp-am- Ip-p.
A-cym-an-bmbn temI-bm{Xw \nb-{n-p-h- fpw
cp{Zm-Zn-XymZn At\I tZh-X-am-cpsS cq]-n \ne-sIm-
p-h - -fp-amb kc-kzXn \s cn--s.
kc-kzXo tZhn Xs-bmav Fm hn[-n-ep-ap
I-hym--I-amb _pnsb hnI-kn- n-p--X.v B tZhn
Rsf cn--s.
21. NXzmcn hmKnXn a{-k y-D-N Yy ]p{X Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXm sFw. CXn _oP
in IoeIw atW \ymkx
22. bm {]XyIv ZrjvSn-`n Pnssh hyPy-a m\m
\p`qbtX hym]n\o m]vXn cqss]Im km amw
]mXp kc-kzXox
23. sFw NXzmcn hmIv ]cn-anXm ]Zm\n
Xm\n hnZp {_mWm tb a\o-jnWm
Kplm {XoWn \nlnXm t\ K bn
Xpcobw hmtNm a\pjym hZ-n.
24. bZv hmKm hZ-oXn a{ky `mhx Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXm oanXn _oP
inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
N P
815
25. \ma-Pym-Xym-Zn-`ntZ ssZc-jvS[m bm hnI-ev]nXm K
\ nh n- I - e v] m- \ m h y m k m amw ]mX p
kc-k z-Xn.
26. nw bZv hmKv hZn Ahn tNX-\m\n cmjv{So-
tZ-hm\mw \nj kmZ a{m NX{k DuPw ZpZptl
]bmw kn Iz kznZkym ]caw PKm-a.
"NXzm-cn-hmIv' F a{-ns Ejn DNYy ]p{X-
\mb ZoL Xapw Ov {XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kz-
Xnbpw _oPw inbpw IoeIw sFw Dw BWv. a{-
m AwK-\ymkw sNp-p.
A ZrjvSn-bp Pohn-I-fpsS apn hn`n cq]-
n {]Xy--s-Sp--h-fmb kc-kzXo tZhn Fs cn-
-s.
]cm-]-iyn a[ya sshJco Fo \mep ]mZ-
tN-XmWv hmv. Cu ]Z- m\n-Iv icn--
dn-bmw. Ch-bn BZys aqpw lrZb Klz-c - n
nXn-sN-p--Xn-\m {]I-S-am-Ip-n-. Fm sshJcn
P\-v kwkm-cn-m-\p-XI - p-p.
11. "bZzmKv hZn' F-Xns Ejn `m-h\pw Ov
{XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BWv.
\ma-cq-]
- aptJ\ Fp hn[-nepw \nhn-Iev]
cq]-nepw {]Xy--s-Sp `K-hXn kc-kzXn Fs
cn--s.
Znhy `mh- {]I-Sn-n-p--hfpw m\w {]Zm\w
sNbvXv b-n hncm-Pn-p--h-fp-amb tZhn Fm
Znp-Ipw thn Ahpw Pehpw Hgp-p-p.
27. tZhow hmN- a nXn a{ky `mhx Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZhXmx kucnXn _oP
inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
28. hym-hy Kncx kth thZm-Zyx-
hym-lc
- -nbmw
kh-Im-a-Zp[m t[\px km amw ]mXp kc-kzXo
29. kux tZhow hmNa P\-b tZhm kvXmw
hniz-cq]m ]ithm hZn km t\m
at{j apPw
Zplm-\ m-t[-\phm- K-kvam-\p-]-kp-jvSp-s sX-Xp.
30. DXXz CXn a{ky _rl-kv]-Xn Ejnx
{XnjvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. kanXn
_oP inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
31. bmw hnZyXzm Jnew _w \na-Y ym-J ne
h\m tbmKo-bmXn ]cw m\w km amw ]mXp
kc-kzXo

I 32. kw DX Xzm ]iy ZZ-Ai hmN-arX Xzx
irWz irtWm tXy\mw DtXm-Xzkvssa
(X-\zw) hnkt{k Pmtb-h-]Xy DiXn kphmkmx
33. Aw_n-Xa CXn a{ky KyXv kam Ejnx
A\p-jvSp]v Ox kc-kzXo tZh-Xm. sFanXn
_oP-inx IoeIw at{W \ymkx
34. \ma-c q-] m- Iw khw bkym amth-i yXmw
]p\x [ymbn {_ cqss]Im km amw ]mXp
kc-k z-Xo.
sFw Aw_n-Xta \Zo-Xta tZhn-Xta kc-kzXn
A{]- i kv X m Ch kv a kn {]i- k v X n- a w_ \a
kv Ir[n.
tZhow hmNw F a{-ns Ejn `m-h\pw
Nv {XnjvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw BWv. _oPw
inbpw IoeIw kuw BIp-p. a{w aptJ\ Xs
\ymkw sN-Ww.
hymm- hy- - hm- Wn- I-fmb Fm thZm- Zn- Ifpw bmsXm-
ns\ hym]-cn-p-p. kh-Ima ZpL-bmb B kc-kzXn
Rsf cn--s.
sshJco hmWn {]mW cq]- n tZh-m- cm krjvSn-
-s-p. B hmWnsb hn`n tZl-[m-cn-I D-cn-p-
p. Imat[\p-hn-s\-tmse kpJw \Ip tZhn-{]-k-
-bmbn R-fpsS kao]w {]Xy--am-I-s.
DXXzw F a{-ns _rl-kv]-Xn-bmWv Ov
{XnjvSp-.v tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bpw...
kc-kz-Xnsb {_ hnZym-cq-]-n Adn--Xn-\p-
tijw tbmKn-h-cy-m kIe _-fpw hnt-Zn-p-p.
tZhn Fs cn-s - .
tZhnsb Inpw Nne ImWp-n-. tInpw tI
p-n-. Fm Nne `mKy-im-en-I-fpsS apn ]Xnsb
Iman-p kv{Xo `r k-[n-bn A\m-hrX cq]-
n Xs Ccn-p--Xp-t]mse hmKvtZhn Xs kzcq]w
{]I-S-am-p-p.
Aw_n-Xa F a{-nse Ejn KpXvkv\ hZ\pw p. F\nv hnZym-Zm\w \evIp-I. \o Xs NXp `pP-
Ov A\p-jvSppw tZhX kc-kz-Xn-bp-am-W.v ..
{_-X-Xz-a-dn-bp-h
- kc-kz-Xn-bn \ma-cq-]b- p--
amb kq {]]--sbpw Bth-in- n-p-sImv
tZhnsb [ym\n-p-p. B tZhn Fs cn-s - .
tZhn tZhn-am-cnepw amXm--fnepw \Zn-I-fnepw shv Xpv hkn-p-sImv Ahv ia-Z-am-Zn-I {]Zm\w
kh t{ijvT-bm- W.v R [\-an-msX \nn- X-sc-tm-se sNp kc-kz-Xo-tZhn {im ta[m [mcWm kzcq-]n-
-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Rv [\-k-arn ssIh-cp-p-I.
N P
816
36. NXpapJ apJmw t`mP h\-lw-k-h-[p aax K
am\tk caXmw \nXyw kh-ipm kc-kzXo
37. \akvtX imctZ tZhn Imivaoc ]pc-hm-kn\n
Xzmalw {]mtb \nXyw hnZym-Zm\w
N tZln ta
38. A kq{Xm-p-[cm ]mi ]pkvXI [mcnWo
apm-lmc kam-bpm hmNn XnjvTXp ta kZm
39. Iw_p-I-WvTn-kpXm t{amjvTo
khm-`-cW `qjnXm
alm-k-ck
- zXo tZhn Pnlzmt{K kw\n hniyXmw
40. bm {im [mcWm ta[m hmKv tZho
hn[n-h-`m
` Pnlzm-{K-kZ- \m kamZn KpW-Zm-bn\o
41. \aman bmhn-\o-\mY teJm-ew-Ir-XI
- p-fmw `hm
\ow `h-k - m] \nhm-]-W-kp-[m-\`nw
42. bm IhnXzw \ncm-Xw apapn Nhm-RvOXn
tkm `yss\mw Zi-tmIym \nXyw
kvXuXn kc-kz-Xo,
43. Xsskyhw kvXph-tXm-\nXyw ka-`yNy kc-
kzXow `n {im- ` n- b p- ky jam- k mXv
{]Xytbm `thXv
44. XXx {]htX hmWo tkzbm efnXm
cm KZy-]Z- ym-ssIx i_vssZx c{]-ta-ssbhn-
h-nssXx
45. A{iptXm _p[ytX {Kx {]mbx kmc-kzXx
Ihx CtXy-hw \nbw hn{]mx km tlm hmN kc-
kzXo
46. B-h nZym abm e_v[ n {_-ssW-h -k\m
X\o {_Xzw ta kZm \nXyw kn-Zm-\ cq]Xmx
NXpap-Js apJ-Ia - e
- -amb h\-n cmP-lwkw
t]mse kcn-p--hfpw tizX Imn-bp-amb kc-kzXn
R-fpsS am\-k-n \nXyw can--s. Imivaoc ]pc-
hm-kn-\n-bmb imc-tZ, Rm \nXyhpw \ns kvXpXn-p-
-fn A-kq{Xw Apiw ]miw ]pkvXIw Fnh
[cn-n-cn-p-p. tZhn-bpsS amhn-S-n apm-lmcw
tim`n-p-p. tZhn kZm Fs hmn hnl-cn-p-I.
tl Im_p-IWvTn? Acp-Wm-[cn khm-`-cW `qjntX, tZhn
Fs Pnlzm-{K-n hncm-Pn-- tW. `-m-cpsS \mn
Wnbpw {_m-hns {]nb-X-a-bp-am-Ip-p. N{-Iem hn`q-
 817

I jn-X-amb tIi-]m-i-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw kwkm-c-_--\-a- 54. Bhr-tWmXv ]cm-inx km K

I-p--h-fp-amb `K-hXn kc-kz-Xnsb Rm \a-kvI-cn-p- kwkm-cky ImcWw
p. Ihn-Xztam t`mKtam `b-cm-ln-Xytam As- n kmnWx ]pctXm `mXn enwK-
tamtam B{K-ln-p--h Cu ]p a{fm `K- tZ-tl\ kwbpXw
h-Xn-bmb kc-kz-Xnsb `n-]qw ]qPn-W - w. `n
{i-tbmsS hn[n-{]-Imcw ]qPnv \nXyhpw `Pn-p 55. NnXn-m-bm-ka - m-th-im--ohx kymXv
` Bdp amk-n-\p-n Xs tZhn-bpsS Ir]bv hymh-lm-cnIx
]m{X-am-bn-o-cp-p. An-s\-bm-Ip-tm KZy-]-Zym--I- Aky Poh-Xz-am-tcm-]mXv kmo-Wy-
amb Ih-\ - n\pw Abm Ignhp tNcp-p. kc-kzXo ]y-h -` m-ktX
`-\mb Ihn ap--hc - n \npw Hpw {ihn-msX 56. BhrXu Xp hn\-jvSmbmw t`Zm-]m-tX
Xs {K--fpsS Aw {Kln-m {]m]vX-\m-Ip- ]bmXn bXv
p. hn{]-m-sc, `K-h-Xn-bmb kc-kzXn Xs Xs Cu
XYm k {_-tWm t`Z-am-hr-Xy-Xn-jvTXn
`n-bpsS aln-a-sb-n Xs {io apJ-n-eqsS kzbw
]d-n-p--Xm-Wv. {_m-hn \nv F\nv k\m-X\ - - 57. bm in kvXZzm-imZv {_
amb {_ hnZy km- Zn-p- hm km[n-p. Ctm Rm hnIr-X-tXz\ `mktX
kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]-amb \nXy-{_--Xz-m XnIpw [\n- A{Xm-]ym-hrXn \mti\ hn`mXn
bm- W.v {_ ktbmx
47. {]Ir-XnXzw XXx krjvSw kXzmZn 58. t_Z-kvX-tbmhn-Imcx kymXv kt
KpW-km-ayXx \ {_Wn IzNnXv
km-`mXn Nnmbm ZtW {]Xn AkvXn `mXn {]nbw cq]w \ma
_nw_-hXv tNXyw-i-]-Iw
48. tX\ NnXv {]Xn-_nw-t_\ {Xnhn[m 59. BZy-{Xbw {_-cq]w PKv{Zq]w XtXm-Zzbw
`mZn km ]p\x At]y \ma-cqt] tZz kn-Zm-\ XXv]cx
{]Ir-Xy-hn-n-X
- bm ]pcp-j-Xzw ]p\ tX
60. kam[nw khYm IpcymXv lrZtb
49. ip kXz {][m-\mbmw ambmbmw hmYhm _lnx
_nw_ntXm lyPx khn-Ievt]m \nhn-Iev]x kam-[n
kXz-{]-[m\m {]Ir-Xn amtbXn {]Xn-]m-ZytX hnhnt[m lrZn
50. km ambm kztim]m[nx kh-tky 61. Zriy i_vZm\pt`tZ\ khn-Iev]w ]p\ Zzn[m
izcky ln ImamZymn Km Zriym kvXXv
hiy-am-b-Xz-ta-IXzw kh-Xzw N kmn tXz\ tNX\m
Xky Xp
62. [ymtXbv Zriym-\p-hn-tmbw kam[nx
51. kmXzn-IX
- zmXv ka-jvS-bn-XzmXv kmn- k hnI-ev]Ix
XzmXv PK-Xm-a-]n. AkwKx kn-Zm-\x kz {]t`m ssZzX-hPnXx
PKXv Ip-a-Ipw hm Nm\yYm
63. AkvaoXn i_vZ hntmbw kam[nx
Ip-ao-i-tX.
khn-I -e v]-Ix
52. bx k Cuizc CXypx kh-- kzm\p-`q-Xn-ck
- m-th-imZv Zriy
Xzm-Zn-`nKpssWx i_vZm-Zy-t]-nXpx
in Zzbw ln ambmbmx
64. \nhn-Ie
- v]x kam[nx kym-\n-hmX nX
hnt-]m-IrXn cq]Iw
Zo]-hXv lrZoh _mly tZti]n bkvan
53. hnt] inenw-KmZn {_m-WvUmw
Ikvanw hkvXp \n.
PKXv krtPXv
A ZrKv Zriy-tbm t`Z _ln 65. kam-[n-c`- ym-k-m-{Xm-m-a-cq-]]
- r-YIv IrXnx
{_ ktbmx kvX_v[o `mthm ckm-kzm-Zm-r-Xobx
]qh-Xx

N P
 818

I 66. GssXx kam-[n`nx jUv`n \tbXv Dm-Ip-p-v. Fm {_-n hnIm-cm-h - C.

K
Imew \nc-cw krjvSn- bn Xs- bm-Wp--Xv. AkvXn, `mXn, {]nbw, cq]w,
\maw Fo Ap AwK-f - n BZys aqsw
tZlm-`n-amt\ KfntX hnmtX ]c-am-\n
{_-ns kzcq-]a - mWv; \maw, cq]w Fnh cpw
67. b{X-b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cm-arX hniz-cq-]m-I-am-Wv. cpw kw_-n-p-tm Xs
68. `nZytX lrZ-b-{K\vYnx nZyt kh kwibmx {_w Cu hniz-cq-] - n nXn-sN-p-p. km[-I
_mly-ambpw B-cn-Ia - mbpw Fpw kam[nbn Xev]-
obt Nmky ImWn Xkvan
c-\m-I-Ww. lrZ-b-n khn-Ie - v]-sapw \nhn-Ie - v]-
ZrjvtS ]cm-htc
sapw kam[n cp hn[-am-Ip-p. khn-Iev] kam-[nv
69. abn PohXz aoiXzw Iev]nXw hkvXptXm Zriym-\p-kn--sapw i_vZm-\p-kn--sapw cp hn`m-K-
\ln CXn bkvXp hnPm-\mXn k ap-v. a\-n ImamZn hnIm-c- Dm-Ip-p. Cu hnIm-
aptm \m{X kwibx CXyp-]\ - n-j-v. c- Zriy--fm-Wv. tNX-\m-mhv Chbvv kmn-bm-
Wv. AXns\ Zriym-\p-hn--k-am-[n-sbv ]d-bp-p. i_vZm-
kXzw cPv Xav Fo aqp KpW--fp-sSbpw
\p-hn--k-hn-Iev] kam-[n-bn km[-I, Xm AssZzX
kam-th-i - m {]IrXn krjvSn--s-p. Im-Sn-bn
kzcq-]\pw kwK-cl - n-X\pw kzbw {]Im-i\ - p-am-sWv
{]Xn-_ nw_w ImWp- -Xp-t]mse Xs {]Ir-Xn-b n
Nnn- p- p. Xm Xs-b mWv kn-Z m- \ - -s \pw
tNX\m {]Xn-_nw_w kXy-sav tXmpw. BtN-X\ - -
Nnnpp. B-cq-] m-\p-`q-Xn-bmb ckm-t h-i-m
bpsS {]Xn-_nw-_-m {]IrXn aqp hn[-n-sepw
Zriy-i-_vZ- sf Dt]--tbmsS hon-p km[-Is
tXmpw. {]IrXn kwtbmKw sImmWv a\p-jy\v Cu
lrZbw \nhn-Iev] kam-[n-bpsS kpJw tNcp-p. \n
tZlw Inn-bn-p--X.v kXz-Kp-W{- ]-[m-\-amb {]Ir-Xn-am-b-
hmX Zo]w t]mse-bmWv km[-Is nXn. lrZ-bm-
bm-Wv. amb-bn {]Xn-_nw- _n-X-am-Ip tNX\ Xs AP-
`mK-p-m-Ip kam-[npw cp cq]--fm-Wv. AXp-
m-hv. amb khm-\m {_-ns Bm-Im-cn-Wn-
t]mse shfn-bnepw GsX-nepw hkvXp-hn-t\mSv Nn-
bm-Wv. ambsb hi-m-pI AZzn-Xo-b\pw kh--\p-
n GIm-{KX Dm-bn--gn-m AXv kam-[n-bm-bn.
am-Ip-I. {_-ns apJy eWw Ch-bm-Wv. {_w
Zriy-n-sbpw {`jvSm-hn-sbpw hnth-I-m BZys
kI-e-Xn\pw kmn kzcq-]a - m-Wv. AXv {]] krjvSn
coXn-bn-e p kam[n Dm-I p- p. {]tXy-I-amb Hcp
sNm\pw Cm-Xm-m\pw ap-hn-[-n-em-m\pw i-
hkvX p-hn-t\mSv AXns \ma-cq-] - `n--sfp
am-Wv. hnt]w Bh-cWw Ch-bmWv amb-bpsS cp
tXmn-bm AXn-\m-{ib `qX-amb tNX-\s - b-n Nn-
in-I. hnt-]-in enwK-tZlw apX {_mWvUw
bp-m-Ipw. CXmWv cm-as Xc-n-ep kam-[n.
hsc-bp kI-eXpw krjvSn-p- p. Bh-c-W-in
ssNX-\y-c-km-\p-`q-Xn-bm Dmb Bthiw \nanw
{ZjvSm-hn\pw Zriy-n-\p-an-Sb - vp A-chpw {_-
kvX_v[X ssI hcp-Xv aqm-as hn[-n-ep kam-
n\pw krjvSnpw Xn-ep A-c-sbpw Bh-cWw
[n-bm-Wv. Cu kam-[n-If - n PohnXw \bn--Ww. ico-cm-
sNp-p. AXv _-\m--Ia - m-Wv. tNX-\b
- psS {]Xn-
`n-am\w hnv ]c-am--X-Xz-m-\-ap-m-bm a\v Fhn-
_nw_w Imc-W -cq-] - n-ep {]Ir-Xn-bn \nln-X-am-
sS-sbmw Fptam Ahn-sS-sbmw Aar-Xzm-\p-`-ha - p-m-
Iptm temI-n Imcy-Im-cn-bmb Poh Dm-Ip-p.
Ip-p. AtXmsS kIe kwi-b-fpw \in-p-p. lrZ-
Btcm- ln- X-am-I-bm AXns PohXzw kmn- bmb {_-
b-{K-n-I Xpd-p-p. \njvIe - -hp-amb {_-ns
nepw ]co-n-s - -Sp-p. Bh-cW in amdp-tm
^e-ambn kI-e-I-fpw bn-p-p. Fn Iev]n-
t`Zw kv]jvS-am-Ipw. AtXm-sS Poh-Xz-ns nXn kam-
X-amb Pohn-Xzhpw Cui-Xzhpw Iev]n-X-amWv; hkvXpX
]n- p- p. krjvS n {_--fpsS t`Zs Bh-cWw
AXm-sWv a\-n-em-p--h Poh-p--\m-Ip-sa--
sNp inp hg-p {_w hnIm-cb - p--am-
Xn kwi-b-an Fv D]-\n-j-v.
sW tXm \nn- p- p. Bh- cWw amdn-bm Xs
{_-n-sbpw krjvSn-bp-sSbpw t`Z-ns {]XoXn kc-kz-Xo-c-l-tkym-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.

N P

I K
1 kmhn-{Xyp-]-\n-jv
imn-]mTw
Hmw B]ym- b p aamw- K m\n hmIv {]mW-
px t{im{X-atYm _e-an-{n-bmWn N khmWn
khw {_tm-]-\n,Zw amlw {_-\n-cm-Ipcyw am
am {_ \ncm-I-tcm-Z-\n-cm-I-cW akvXz-\n-cm-I-cWw
ta Akv X p. XZm- \n \nctXb D]- \ n- j p
[mkvtX abn kp tX abn kp Hmw. imnx
imnx imnx
Fs AwK- ]pn {]m]n-- tW. {]mW, Np-
v, t{im{Xw, _ew, C{n-b - Fnh ]pn-{]m-]n-
tW. Fm D]-\n-j-p-fpw {_m- - I--fm-Wv. Rm
{_s \ncm-I-cn-m-Xn-cn--tW. {_ Fs \ncm-I-
cnm-X n-c n--tW. As\ {_-\n-c -X- \ m-b n-c np
F\nv D]-\n-j-Zp--amb {_s {]m]n-m-\n-S-h-ctW.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
1. Ix khn-Xm, Im kmhn{Xo An-tch khnXm
]rYnho kmhn-{Xo, k b{Xm-n-kvXXv ]rYnho b{X
ssh ]rYnho X{X-nkvtX tZz tbm \o XtZIw
anYp\w
2. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo hcpW Gh khnXm
B]x kmhn{Xo k b{X-h-cpW kvXZmt]m b{Xhm
B]kvX Zzcp-WkvtX tZz tbm\n XtZIw anYp-\w.
3. Im khnXm Im kmhn-{Xn. hmbp-tch khnXm
BImix kmhn{Xo k b{X hmbp kvXZm-Imtim
b{X hm BIm- i - k v X - Z zm- b pkv t X tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
4. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo b Gh khnXm
O mk n k mhn{X n k b{X b k vX {X
Omwkn b{X hm Omwkn k bkvtX tZz
tbm\o XtZIw anYp\w
5. Ix khnXm Im kmhn-{Xo. kvX\-bn-Xv\p-tch
khnXm hnZypXv kmhn{Xo k b{X kvX\-bnXv\p
kvXZzn hnZypXv b{X hm hnZyp-{X kvX\-bnXv\p
kvtX tZztbm\o XtZIw anYp\w
6. Ix khnXm Im kmhn- { Xn. BZnXy Gh
khnXm Zyux kmhn{Xo k b{Xm-Zn-Xy-kvXyux b{X
hmZyu-kvX-Zm-Zn-XykvtX tZz tbm\o XtZIw anYp\w
7. Ix khnXm Im kmhn-{Xn. N{ Gh khnXm
\-{XmWn kmhn{Xn k b{X N{-kvX---{XnWn
b{X hm \-{XmWn k N{-amkvtX tZztbm\o
XtZIw anYp-\w.
N P
819
3
8. Ix khnXm Im kmhn{Xo a\ Gh khnXm
hmIv kmhn{Xo k b{X aukvX-ZzmIv b{X hm hmIv
X-\kvtX tZz tbm\o XtZIw anYp-\.
9. Ix k hnXm Im kmhn{Xo ]pcpj G h
khnXm kv{Xo kmhn{Xo k b{X ]pcp-j -k vX Xv
kv{Xo b{X hm kv{Xo k ]pcp-jkvtX tZz tbm\o
XtZIw anYp\w
Bsc khn- Xm- shp ]d- bpp? Bsc kmhn{Xnsbp
]d-bpp? An-Xs khn-Xm-hv. ]rYzn kmhn-{Xn-bpw.
FhnsS An-bptm AhnsS ]rYznbpv. FhnsS ]rYzn-
bpv AhnsS An-bp-v. Ah cp-t]cpw tbm\n-I-fm-
Wv. AXm-bXv {]]--ns {km--fmWv Ah Hcp
anYp-\-am-Ip-p.
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hcp-W
Xs khn-Xm-hv. Pew kmhn-{Xn. hcp-W-\p-n-Sv Pe-ap-
v. Pe-ap-n-Sv hcp-W-\pw. cp t]cpw {]]-tm-
ev]n Im--fmWv Ah anYp-\-am-W.v
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hmbp Xs
khn-Xm-hv. BImiw kmhn-{Xn. FhnsS hmbp-hptm
AhnsS BIm-i-hp-ap-.v Ah Hcp tbm\n-bm-Wv. Hcp anYp-
\-am- W.v
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? BcmWv kmhn{Xn? hmbp Xs
khn-Xm-h.v BImiw Xs kmhn-{Xn-bpw. hmbp-hp-n-Sv
BIm-i-ap-v. BIm-i-ap-n-Sv hmbphpw Ch bm\n-
bmWv Hcp anYp-\a
- m-W.v
BcmWv khn-Xmhv? Bcv kmhn{Xn? b-amWv khn-
Xm- h.v Ov kmhn- {Xn-bpw, b-ap-n-Sv Opw O-
p-n-Sv b-hp-ap-v. cpw Hcp tbm\n-bm-Wv. Hcp
anYp-\-am-Wv.
BcmWv khn-Xmhv BcmWv kmhn{Xn? Kn-p
taLw khn-Xmhpw hnZypv kmhn-{Xn-bp-am-Wv. hnZyppw
kmhn-{Xnbpw At`- Zy-am-Wv. cpw Hcp tbm\nbpw Htc anYp-
\-hp-am-Wv.
khn- Xm-hm-cmWv? kmhn{Xn BcmWv? kqcy khn-Xm-
hpw. kz-temIw kmhn-{Xn-bp-am-W.v cpw tNn-cn-p-
p. cp-t]cpw Hcp tbmKn-\mWv Hcp anYp-\-hp-am-W.v
BcmWv khn-Xm-h,v BcmWv kmhn{Xn? a\vkkv khn-
Xmhpw hmWn kmhn-Xn-bp-am-Wv. a\-p-f-fn-Sv hmWnbpw
hmWn- bp-n-Sv a\-p-ap-.v cpw Htc tbm\n-bmWv Htc
anYp-\-am-Wv.

I BcmWv khn-Xm-h,v BcmWv kmhn{Xn? ]pcp-js\ khn-Xm-
shpw kv{Xo kmhn-{Xn-sbpw ]d-bp-p. FhnsS ]pcp-
j-\ptm AhnsS kv{Xobp-v. FhnsS kv{Xobptm
AhnsS ]pcp-j-\p-ap-v. Ah cp-t]cpw Hcp tbm\n-bm-
Wv. Hcp anYp-\-am-Wv.
10. Xkym Gh {]Yax ]mtZm `qkvXXv khn-Xph-
tcWy anXy- nssh htcWy amt]m htcWyw
N{am htcWyw Xkym Gh ZznXobx ]mtZm `K-
atbm At]m `qthm `tm tZhky [oalo
Xynssh `q BZntXym ssh `-{- am ssh
`x Xkym Gh XrXobx ]mZx kz[otbm tbm\x
{]tNm-Z-b m-ZnXn kv{Xn ssNh ]pcp- j {]P-\ -
btXm tbm hm GXmw kmhn-{Xn-tahw thZ k
]p\ arXyp PbXn _em-Xn-_-etbm hncmSv ]pcpjx
Ejnx Kmb{Xo Ox Kmb{Xo tZhXm BIm-tcm-
Im-c-a-Imcmx _oPmZymx p[m-Zo\n ckt\ hn\n-
tbmKx oan-XymZn jUw-K-\ymkx [ym\w
AarX Ic-X -em{Ku kh-kw-Po-h-\mVym
hL-l-cW - k- p-`u thZ-kmtc abqtJ
{]W-h-a -b-h n-Imcu `mkvI-c m-Im-c-tZMu
kX-X-a\p `th f lw Xu _lm-Xo-_-emu
Hmw {low. _te alm-tZhn {low alm _te
ow NXphn-[-]p-cp-jm#v-X-Yk
- n-n-{]tZ XXv khn-
Xph-c-Zm-otI {low htcWyw `tm-tZ-hiv ]c-
Zm- n- tI, AXn- _ te kh-Z -b m- aqt, _te
k-p-{Z-{`-tam-]-\m-in\n [maln [ntbm tbmt\m
PmtX {]Np-cymtbm {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv, bmZm-ntI {]W-
h-in-c-kvIm-n-tI, lpw ^Sv kzmlm Ghw hnZzm
IrX-IrtXym `hXn kmhnXym Gh kmtem IXmw
PbXn CXyp-] -\n-jv
`qx X-hn-Xph-tcWyw BWv kmhn-{Xn-bpsS {]Y-
a-]mZw An, Pew, N{ Fo tZh-m htc-Wy-am-W.v
1 kotXm-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmw. `{Zw It-`nx {ipWp-bma tZhm-`{Zw
]tiy-am-p-`nb-P {Xmx nssc-cw-ssK-k vXpjvSp
N P
820
kmhn-{Xn-bpsS ZzoXob ]mZw `qh--B-Ip-p. `tm tZhky
K
[oa-ln--AXv tXtPm-a- b-am-W.v An, kqcy, N{ Fo
tZh-m- cmWv `-tX-P-p- I. kmhn-{Xn- bpsS XrXob ]mZw
[otbm tbm \ {]tNm ZbmXv BWv. Cu kmhn{X tZhnsb
Krl-kvXm-{ i-a-[s kwc-n-p-sImv a\-n-em-
p kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m ac-W-hn-ap--cm-Ip-p. Ahv
]p\-cm-h-\-an-.
_e, AXn-_e F cp hnZy-I-fp-v. Ah-bpsS Ejn
hncm-Sv]p-cp-j\
- m-W.v Ah-bpsS Opw tZh-Xbpw Kmb-
{Xn-bm-Ip-p. AXnse AImcw _oPhpw DImcw inbpw
aImcw Ioe-I-hp-am-Ip-p, hni-n \np \nhr-n-m-
bn-mWv CXns hn\n-tbmKw ow F am[y-a-m
CXns jUw-K-\ymkw sN-Ww. Hmw ow lrZ-bmb \ax
Hmw ow inctk kzmlm, Hmw ow inJmssb hj-Sv, Hmw
ow Ih-Nmb lpw, Hmw ow t\{Xmb huj-Sv, Hmw ow
Akv{Xmb ^Sv--[ym\w
Rm _emXn- _- e-I-sf hnZy-I-fpsS tZh- msc A\p-
`-hn- p-p. Ah kqcys\ {]Im-i-h-m- p--hcpw {]mW-
kz-cq-]n-I-fpw, ambq-Jm-h-en tN-hcpw thZ-km-c-kz-cq-]n-
Ifpw ]m]m-]-lm-cn-Ifpw {]W-h-kz-cq-]-lm-cn-Ifpw kh-
hn[ kwPo-hn\n inv Ccn-n-S-fpw Ic-X-e-n
AarXw [cn-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p _emXn _e-If - psS tZh-
m-cpsS a{w CXmWv
ow _te alm-tZhn {low alm-_ te ow
NXphn[ ]pcp-jm knn-{]-tZ, khn-Xp hc-
Zm-n-tI, {low htcWyw `tm AXn-_te kh-
Z- b m-a qt, _te kh- p-{- tam-] - \ m-i n-\ n,
[oaln [ntbm \ PmtX {]Np-c bm {]tNm-Z- b m-
ntI {]Wh inc-kvIm-ntI lpw ^Sv kzmlv.
Cs\ Cu hnZy-Isf Adn-bp--h [\y-\m-bn-o-
cp-p. Ah kmhn-{Xn-tZ-hn-bpsS temIw {]m]n-m
Ignhp t\Spp Fv D]-\n-j-v.
kmhn-{Xyp-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
hmw kkvX -\ p- `o hytia tZh-l nXw bZmbpx
kzkvXn \ Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn\x ]qjm

I hniz-thZmx kzkvXn \ kvXmtym Acn-jvS-t\anx
kzkvXnt\m _rl-k v]-XnZ-[m-Xp.
tZh-m-s c, R ImXp-I sImp \Xp
tIm-\n- S-h-c-s. Ip-I sImv \Xv ImW-s. kpZr-
V--fmb AwK--fmepw tZl-mepw \nsf kvXpXn-
p-sIm-n-cn--s. tZh-m Rv \n-bn-n-p
Bbpp apgp-h\pw R A\p-`-hn--s. alm-Ion-
am-\mb C{ Rv \ sN-s. A{]-Xn-tcm[
KXn-bmb Kcp-U Rv \ sN-s. _rl-kv]Xn
Rv \ sN-s.
1. tZhm l ssh {]Pm-]X- na {_qh
Im koXm Inw
cq]m-anXn k tlm hm N {]Pm-]Xnx
km kotX-Xn.
2. aqe-{]-IrXn cq]-XzmXv km koXm {]IrXn
cpNy-tX.
3. koXm CXn {Xnhm-m, kmm
- m-bm-a-bn-`-thXv
hnjvWpx {]] _oPw N ambm
CuImc DNytX
4. kImcx kXy-a-arXw {]m]vXnx
tkma IoytX
XIm-c-kvXmc evaym N sshcmPx
{]kvXcx kvarXx
{]Pm-]-Xn-bmb {_m-hn-t\mSv tZh-m Hcn-
tNmZnp: "koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS cq]w F-s\-bmWv? Ah-
BcmWv? AXv Rv ]dp XcnI?' {_mhp
Cs\ ]dp: koX in kzcq-]n- Wn-bm-Wv. aqe {]Ir-
Xn-bm-b- Xn- \m B tZhnsb {]Ir-Xn-sbp ]d-bp- p. {]W-
h-ns {]IrXn cq]nWn F \ne-bnepw B tZhnsb
{]Ir-Xn-sbp ]d-bp-p. Ah kmm tbmK-amb
Xs-bm-Wv. koX F \maw aqp h-ap--Xm-Wv.
kq hniz-{]-] - -ns _nPw `K-hm hnjvWp-
hm-Ip-p. At-l - ns tbmK-am-b-bpsS cq]w Cu Imc-
am-Wv. kIm-cs kXyw, knn, N{, {]m]vXn Fn-
h-bpsS hmN-I-am-W.v ZoLm-Im-c-bp--amb aImcw hnkvX-
cn-p-Xpw alm-evan cq]-tmSp IqSnbXmsWv ]d-
b-s-n- p-v.
5. Cu Imc-cq-]nWn tkmam-ar-Xm-h-b-h-
Zn-hym-e-m-c-{kMv
aun-Im-Zym-`-cW
- m-ew-IrXm alm-ambm
Ahy cq]nWo hym `h-Xn.
6. {]Yam i_v Z {_- a bo kzmZymb Imte
{]km DZv`m-h\ Ico kmoIm ZzXobm `qXte
N P
821
lemt{K kap-Xv]m XrXobm CuIm-c-cq-]nWo K
Ahy kzcq]m `h-X oXn kotX XypZm-l-cn
iu\-Io-tb.
CuImc cq]n-Wn-bmb Ahy--a-lm-amb Xs Aar-
Xm- - Imw-K--fnepw Znhy hn`q-j-W- - fm Aew-Ir-X-bmbn
{]Xy--s-Sp-p. tZhn Xs Hm-as cq]-n i_vZ
{_-ab - n-bm-Wv. Ah {]k-b - mbn _pn cq]-n
t_m[w {][m\w sNp-p. tZhn Xs ZznXob cq]-n
`qan-bn {]Xy--s-tm P\-Ic - m-Pm-hns bmK-`q-an-
bn lem-{K-n\npw {]Xy--s-p. Ah-cpsS XrXo-
X-cq]w CuIm-c-a-bhpw Ahy--hp-am-Wv. Cu aqp cq]-
-fp-sSbpw kwbp cq]-n \nv koX F \maw
Dm-bn-sbv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw iu\-Iob X{-
nepw ]d-n-p-v.
7. {iocma kmn-y-hi
- m-K
- Z- m-[mc ImcnWo
Dev]n nXn kwlmc ImcnWmw
kh-tZ-ln-\mw.
8. koXm `K-hXo tbm aqe-{]-IrXn kwPvRnXm
{]W-h-XzmXv {]Ir-Xn-cnXn hZn {_-hm-Zn\
{iocm-as \nXy-km-n-y-m koX PK-Zm-[m-c-Im-
cn-Wn-bm-Wv. Ah Xs-bmWv kh-{]m-Wn-I-fp-sSbpw
Dev]-nv tlXp. nXn kwlm-c-Im-cn-Wnbpw Ah
Xs. aqe-{]-Ir-Xn-sbp {]kn--amb `K-h-Xnbpw Ah
Xs. {]W-hk - z-cq- ]n-Wn-bm-I -bm {_-m-\n-I
Ahsc {]Ir-Xn-sbv ]d-bp-p.
9. AYm tXm {_ Pnmkm CXn.
10. km kh-th-Z-abo kh-tZ-h-abo kh temI-
abo kh Ion-a bo kh-[-abo khm-
[mc Imcy-Im-c -W -abn alm eva o. tZth-iky
`nm-` n cq]m tNX\m tNX-\ m- nIm {_
mh-cm-nIm XZvKp-W-I hn`m-K-t`-ZmXv ico-
c-cq-]m. tZhjn a\pjy Kh cq]m Akp-cc - m-
k `qX-t{]X ]nimN `qXmZn `qX-ic - oc cq]m
`qtX-{n-bm\n {]mW-cq-t]Xn N hnm-btX A\-
cw {_ Pnm-k.
Ah kh tZh-a-bnbpw kh-th-Zm-n-Ibpw kh-
tem-Im-n-Ibpw kh-Ion-a-bnbpw kh-[m-n-
Ibpw khm-[m-c-Im-cy-Im-c-Wm-n-Ibpw alm-e-van-bp-am-
Wv. tZhn `K-hms `nm-`n--kz-cq-]n-Wnbpw tNX\m tNX-
\m-n-Ibpw {_-m-]-cm-n-Ibpw XZvKpW I-hn-
`m-K-t`-Z
- m ico-cm-n-Ibpw tZhjn a\p-jy-K-h
cq]n-Wnbpw Akp-c-cm-k `qX-t{]X ]nim-Nm-Zn-If - psS
ico-c-`q-XIw kh-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw C{n-b-a\ {]mW-cq-]n-
Wn- bp-am-Ip-p.

I 11. km tZho {Xnhn[m `h-Xn. kymk t\m
inx {Inbm-inx
kmmXv in-cn-Xn.
12. Cm imnx {Xnhn-[m-`-hXn {io`qan
\oem-nIm
`{Z kzcq-]nWo {]`m-h-cq-]nWo tkma-kq-cymn cq]m-
`-hX- n. tkmam-nIm Hmj-[o\mw {]`-hXn Iev]-hr
]pjv]-^e eXm Kpevam-nIm Huj-[-t`-jP - m-nIm
AarX cq]m tZhm\mw alXv kvtXma ^e {]Zm Aar-
tX\ Xr]vXnw P\-bn tZhm-\m-a-t\ ]iq\mw XrtW\
X-o-hm\mw kqcym-Zn-k-Ie `ph\ {]Im-in\n Znhm-N-
cm{Xn temIm-\n-ta-j-am-c`y LSn-Im-jvS-bma Znh-k-hmc
cm{Xn t`tZ\ ] amkXz-b\ kwh--ct- `-tZ\ a\p-
jymWmw iXmbpx Iev]-\bm {]Im-i-am\ Nnc-n{] hy]-
tZ-ti\ \nta-j-am-c`y ]cm-]-cyw Ime N{Iw PKXv
N{I-an-XymZn {]Im-tcW N{I-hXv ]cn-h-am\mx kh-
ssky-X-sskyh Imeky hn`mK hntijmx {]Imi cp]mx
Ime-cq]m `h-n.
B tZhn in-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmbn Cm-in {Inbm-
in kmmXv in Fo cq]--fn {]Xy--s-Sp- sshJm-\k ]hXx XXv ]htX I-m\
p. tZhn-bpsS Cm in-tbmSp IqSnb kzcq]w aqp
hn[-n-ep-v. {iotZ-hn, `qtZhn \oem-tZhn Fo cq]--
fn. tZhn awK-f-cq-]nWn {]`mh-cq-]n-Wn, N{, kqcy,
An Fo cq]--fnepw AXyw tXP-kzn-\n-bmbn
{]Xy--s-Sp-p. tZhn N{s cq]-n {]Xy--sp bpsS cq]-n-emWv ImW-s-Sp-I. kap-{Z-, k]vX-Zzo-]m-
Hmj-[nIsf ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. IqSmsX tZhn Iev]
hrw, eX, Kpevaw, ]pjv]w, ]{Xw, ^ew Huj[,
alu-j-[-- Fo cq]--fnepw {]Xy--s-Sp-p. N{- p. tZho-kz-cq-]-n\v `qtZhn Fv ]d-bp-p. hrm-
cq-]
- n tZhn-tZ-h - mv b-^ew {]Zm\w sNp-
p. Aw sImv Pohn-I-sfbpw AarXw sImv tZh-
m-scbpw ]pp-sImv ]ip--sfbpw Xr]vX-bm-p-p.
kqcym-Zn-Ip t]mepw {]Imiw \Ip tZhn kI-e-
tem-Ihpw {]Im-ia - m-\-am-p-p. tZhn cm{Xn, ]I, \nan-
jw, \mgn-I, ]w, amkw, EXp, Ab-\w, kwh-cw
Fo t`Z-m a\p-jy\v \qdp hbv {]Zm\w sNbvXp-
sImv kzbw {]Im-ik - z-cq-]n-Wn-bmbn hn-p-p.
\nanjw XpSn ]cmw hscbpw hnfw_ io{L-XmZo
t`Z-m ]cn-]q-Ime N{Ihpw Fm AwK-{]-XywK
fpw tZhn-bpsS kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv tZhn
{]Im-ik- z-cq-]n-Wnbpw Ime- kz-cq-]n-Wn-bp-am-Ip-p.
15. An-cq]m A-]m-\mZn {]mWn\mw
qrjv WmnIm
tZhm\mw apJ cq]m h\u-j-[o\mw
iotXm-jvW -cq]m
ImjvtT-jz- _ln \nXym-\nXy
cq]m-`- hX
- n.
N P
822
An kzcq-]n-Wn-bmbn Pohn-Iv A ]m\m-Zn-I-
K
fmepw tkhn-p- -Xn\v hni- n-sbpw Zml-n-sbpw cq]-
nepw tZh-mv apJy cq]-nepw hr-e-Xm-Zn-Iv
iotXmjvW cq]-nepw hr-ns Dnepw ]pdpw
\nXym-\n-Xym-cq-]-nepw nXn sNp-p.
16. {iotZhn {Xnhn[w cq]w IrXzm `K-h Xv k-
ev]m\p KptWy\ temI-c - -Wmw cq]w [mc-
b-Xn. {incnXn evao-cnXn ey-amWm `h-XoXn
hnm-b-tX.
17. `qtZho kkm-K-cmw`x k]vXZ- zo]m hkp-cm
`qcmZn NXpZi `qh-\ m-\m-a m-[m-c -`qXm {]Whm
nIw `h-Xn.
18. \oem N apJ hnZyp-X-m-en\o khu j[o\mw
kh-{]m-Wn\mw t]mj-Wmw kh cq]m-`-h-Xn.
19. kakvX `ph-\-kymt[m `mtK Pem-Im-cm-nIm
aWvUq-I-a-tbXn `ph-\m-[m-tcXn hnm-bt- X.
20. {Inbm-in kzcq]w ltcap-Jm-mZx Xm-
ZmZv _npx _ntm-tcmw-Imcx HmmcmXv ]c-tam-cma
abo-`n _lp-imJm `h-n.
{iotZhn cq]-n aqp-hn-[-n cq]w [cn-p
koXm-tZhn kh-temIfpw kwc-n-p-X - n\v {]Xy-
-s-Sp-p. B L-n tZhn-bpsS kzcq]w evan-
I ]rYzn-bpsS cq]-n ]Xn-mep temI-n\pw
B{i-b-`q-X-bmbn {]W-hc - q-]
- n tZhn {]Xy--s-Sp-
ZnIfpsSbpw Pohn-If- p-sSbpw t]mj-W-n\v kh-kz-cq-
]n-Wnbpw hnZyp-m-bm-ap-Jn-bp-amb \oem-tZ-hn-bpsS cq]-
n tZhn {]Xy--s-Sp-p. B BZn-in Xs
kIe`ph-\--fp-sSbpw ASn-bn Pe-cq-] - n `ph-\-
v B{i-b-ambn hn-p-p. `K-hm hnjvWp-
hns apJ-p-\npw koX-bpsS B {Inbm-i - n-cq]w
\m\m-cq-]
- n {]I-S-am-bn. B \mZ-n\nv _nphpw
_np-hn\nv Hmwm-chpw Dm-bn. Hmm-c-n-\p-a-p-
dv cma-\m-Ip sshJm-\k ]h-X-ap-v. AXn\v I-
sbpw m\-sbpw kw_-n ]e imJ- Ifpw Dv.
21. X{X {ibo-abw imkv{X-amZyw khm
XY Zi\w
EKv bpx kma-cq-]X
- zmXv {XboXn
]cn IonXm
22. tlXp\m Imcy-kn-t\ NXpm
]cn-IonXm
EtNm bpw jn kmam\yYhmw
Knc-k-kv XYm
 823

I 23. NmXptlm{X {][m\ XzmXv enwKmZn
{XnXbw {Xbo.
AYhmw Knckw cq]w kma EKv
bq- cm- Iw
24. XYm Zni-ym-`n-Nmc kmam-t\y\ ]rYIv ]rYIv
GI-hn-izXn imJm-bm-ar-tKzZx ]nc-IonXx
25. iXw N \h-im-Jmkp b pjm tah P\m
kmav\x kl-{k-imJm kypx ]-imJm
AYhWx
26. sshJm-\k aX-kvXk - van-mZu
{]Xy Zi\w
kvacytX ap\n-`n \nXyw sshJm-\k
aXx ]cw.
27. Ievt]m hymI-cWw inm \ncpw
tPymXnjw O GXm-\nj UwKm-\n.
28. D]mw-Ka
- -b\w ssNh aoamw km \ymb hnkvXmcx
[ tkhn-Xmw N thZ thtZm
[nIw XYm
29. \n_mx kh imJm N kabm
Nmc kwK-Xn.
[ imkv{Xw aljoWm ax-I-cW
kw`rXw
Xs kvacn- p-p. m\n-I thZ--tfm-sSmw Iev]w, K
hymI-cW
- w, in, \ncp-w, tPymXn-jw, O-v Fo
Bdp thZmw-K-fpw \ymbw, aoamw-k, imkv{X-hn-kvXmcw
Fo aqv D]mw-K - fpw ]Tn-p-p. ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-
hmkvXp-th-Zw, [\pth-Zw, Kmh-thZw Fo
Ap D]-t hZfp-ap- v. Ch-t bm-s Smw hym]m-c w,
ZWvUw, \oXn, ]c-XX - z-nXn apX-em-b-hbpw kz{]-Im-
in-X--fmb ikv{X--fm-Ip-p.
32. sshJm-\k Etjx ]qw hnjvtWm hmWo
kapZv `thXv
{Xbo cqt]W kev]y Cw tZlo
hnPrw-`tX
33. kwJym cqt]W kev]y sshJm\k
Etjx ]pcm
DZntXm bmZrix ]qhw XmZriw irWp
taJnew
iizZv {_-abw cq]w {Inbm-in
cp{Zm-l rXw
BZy-L--n sshJm-\-k-Ej
- n-bpsS lrZ-b-n
`K-hm hnjvWp-hns hmWn {]I-S-am-bn. AtX hmWn
Xs thZ-{Xb cq]-n k-ev]n-s - -p. sshJm-k-
\ B hmWnsb kwJym-cq-] - n {_m--Ic - q]w
Xs {_m-I cq]w [cn-p {Inbm in Xs
`K-hms kmm in-sbv hy-amn sImSp-p.

30. CXn-lmk ]pcm-WmJy ap]mwKw N 34. kmmXv i`-Kh - Xx kvacW am{Xm-cq]m

{]IonXw Bhn `mh {]mZp `mhm-nIm \n{K-lm-\p-{Kl
cq]m imn tXtPm-cq]m hym-hy Imc-W-N-
hmkvXp-thtZm [\pthtZm Kh cW ka-{Km-h-bh apJ-h t`Zm t_Z cq]m `K-
XYm apt\
hXv kl-N m-co-W y-\-] m-bn-\y-\-h -c X klm-{i-bn-
Bbpth-Z ]sstX D]-thZmx Wyp-Z nXm \pZnXm Imcm \nta-tjm-tj krjvSn
{]IonXmx nXn kwlmc Xntcm-[m-\m-\p-{K-lmZn kh-in
31. ZWvtUm \nXn hmm N hnZym hmbp kmaymXv kmmXv in-coXn KnbtX
Pbx ]cx Ah {]]--ns cq]-sf {]I-S-am-n-smv
GI-hnw-iXn t`tZmbw kz {]Imix `K-hms C-sImv am{Xw Cu Zriy- {]-]--n kzbw
{]IonXx hy-am-Ip-p. Ah \n{Km-\p-{Kl cq]n-Wnbpw imn-
AXn khm-fpw hy-am-p thZ-{Xbn tXtPm cq]n-Wnbpw hym-hy--Im-c-W-`q-Xbpw `K-hms
F BZn-imkv{Xw `hn-p-p. thZ-{Xbn EIv, bPp-v, kl-Nm-cn-Wnbpw At-l-n \npw A`nbpw {]`p-
kmaw Ch-bm-Wv. AXv \mep \maw tN-Xmbn b- hns\ kam-{i-bn-p-hfpw hmNyhpw Ahm-Ny-hp-amb cq]-
I-m tZh-kz-cq]w hy-am-p aqp thZ- tm-Sp-IqSnbhfpw \nta-tjm-t-j-, DXv]-n, nXn
am{Xta {][m-\-ambn ]cn-KW hn\m-iw, Xntcm-[m\w A\p-{Klw Fn-hbvv Ign-hp--
- n--s-Sp-p-q. \mem-a-t-
Xmb AYhmw-Kn-ckv BZys aqp thZ--f psS hepw Ahn-\m-in-\n-bm-b-Xn-\m kmm in-sbv
kzcq]w Xs-bm-Wv. EtKz-Z-n\v Ccp-]n Hpw bPp ]d-b-s-Sp--hfpw BWv.
th-Z-n\v \qn H]Xpw kma-t h-Z -n\v Bbn-chpw 35. Cm-in {Xnhn[m {]P-bm-h - mbmw hn{i-a-
AYh-th-Z-n\v Apw imJ-I-fp-sv ]d-bs-Sp-p. Wmw `K-htXm Zn-W-h - -te {iohm
Ch-bn sshJm-\-k- aXw Xs- bmWv {]Xy- -Zi-\-ambn IrXn `qXzm hn{im-ay-XoXn km tbmK inx
]cn-K-Wn- n-p--X v. AXn-\m ap\n-am sshJm-\ kw

N P

I koX-bpsS Cm-k-nsb kw_-n-p cq]w
aqp hn[-am-Wv. B tbmK-in Xs-bmWv {]f-b-Im-
ev hn{i-amw `K-hms amhn-S-n he-p-`m-
Kv {ioh--ns BIr-Xn-bn hn{i-an-p--Xv.
36. t`mK in t`mK-cq]m Iev] hr
Imat[\p Nnm-aWn iwJ ] \n[ymZn
\h-\n[n kam-{inXm `K-h-Zp-]m-kI
- m\mw
Ima-\bm `n-bpm \cw \nXy ss\an
nI I `ncn tlm{Xm-Zn-`nhm
ba-\n-b-am-k\ {]mWm-bma {]Xym-lmc [ym
\ [mcWm kam-[n-`n hme-a-\ `n
tKm]p-c-{]m-Im-cmZn `nhn-am-\mZn `nx kl
`K-h-Zzn-{l-Kmm ]qtPm ]I-cssW c
ss\x kv\m\m-Zn-`nhm ]nXr ]qPm-Zn`n
c ]m\m-Zn-`n hm `K-hXv {]oXy
apzm khw {Inb-tX.
koXm-tZhn Xs-bmWv t`mK-cq-]n-Wo-i-n. Ah
Iev] hrmZn \h-\n-[n-If - n \nh-kn-p-p. tZhn `K-
hZv `-m-cpsS Cm-\n--b-\p-k-cnv \nXy-ss\-an-nI
I-n bm-Zn-I- baw, \nb-aw, Bk-\w,
{]mWm-bm-aw, {]Xym-lm-cw, [ym\w, [mc-W, kam[n Fn
h aptJ\ D]m-kn-p-h - v D]t`mKn\p thn hn`n-
-t`mKsf \Ipp. tZhn Xs-bmav `K-hZv hn{Kl
]qP-bvm-bp kma-{Kn-Ifpw Xo-P-ehpw Ahpw
ckhpw Iev]nv \Ip--Xv.
37. AYmtXm hoc-i - n--X `pPm A`b hc-Z] - -
-[cm Inco-Sm-`-c-W-bpXm kh-tZsshx ]cn-hrXm
Iev]-X-cp-aqte NXp`nKssPx cXv\ LssS carX
Psse-c-`n-jn- -am\m kh-tZ-hs
- sX {_m-Z n-`n
hy-am\m AWn-am-ZyjvssSizcy bqXm kwaptJ
1 kqtcym-]-\n-jv
imn]mTw
Hmw `{Zw It`nx irWpbma tZh `{Zw ]tiy
am`nbP{Xmx nsscwssK kvXpjv Sphmwk
N P
824
K
Ima- t [- \ p\m kv X qb- a m\m thZ- i m- k v { Xm- Z n`nx
kvX pb-a m\m Pbm-X y-] vk cx kv {Xo`nx ]cn- N cy
amWm BZnXy tkmam`ymw Zo]m`ymw {]Im-iy-am\m
Xpw_pcp \mc- Z mZn`nKo- b - a m\m cmIm- k n\o
hmeo`ymw Ot{X-W-m-Zn\o ambm`ymw Nma-tcW
kzmlm-kzm-[m`ymw hyP-t\\ `rKp-] pWym Zn`n-c-
Zy-am\m tZho Znhy-knw-lm-kt\ ]Zvam-k-\m-cq-
V, kI-e -I m- c W Imcy- I co ev a o tZhky
]rYIv `h\ Iev]\m Aew-N-Im-c - ncm {]k--
tem-N -\, kh-tZ-hssXx ]qPy-a m\m hoc-e-va o-
cnXn hnm-bX CXyp-]\ - n-j-v.
NXp`pPtfmSp IqSn-b-XmWv koXm-tZ-hn-b psS
hocin-cq-]w. tZhn-bpsS ssII-fn hc-Z-ap{Z A`-b-ap-
{Z, cp Xma-c, Fnh tim`np-p. tZhn-In-co-S-mepw
av B`-cW - - -fmepw kam-ew-Ir-Xb - m-W.v \mev shfp
B\-I, cXv\J - -Nn-X-amb Ie-i - -fnIqSn Aar-X-Pew
sImv tZhnsb A`n-tjIw sNp-p. tkh-I-m Nppw
\nevp-p. {_mhv XpS-nb tZh-m tZhnsb kvXpXn-
p- p. AWn-am- Zn- I-fmb AjvssS- iz- cy- - fm k--bmb
evan-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmb koXm-tZ-hnsb Ima-t[\p hn-p-
p. thZ imkv{Xm-Zn-I tZh-m-cpsS cq]w ]qv tZhnsb
hn-p-p. PbmZn tZhmw-K\ - a
- m ]cn-Nc - n-p-p. cmI
Fpw kn\o-hmen Fpw t]cp cp tZhn-am IpS-
]n-Sn-p-p. mZn-\nbpw ambbpw shNm-acw hoip-p.
kzmlbpw kz[bpw hni-dn-sImp hoip-p. {`Kp XpS-
nb alm-m- ]qP sNp-p. kqcy N{-m Zo]-
cq-]-n {]Imiw hnX-dp-p. Xpw_p \mc-Zm-Zn-I tZhn-
bpsS KpW Io\w \S-p-p. tZhn Znhy knwlm-k-
\--amb AjvS-Zf Ia-e-n hncm-Pn-p-p. B tZhn
Xs-bmWv kIe Imcy Imc-W - -fpsS hn[m-{Xn. tZhn
Znhym-`c
- W hn`q-jn-X-bmWv. tZh-m-cm ]qPn-X-bmbn
{]k t\{X-bmbn nXn-sN-p hoc-evan Xs-
bmWv koXm-tZhn. tZhnsb `n]qw [ym\n-p-I.
kotXm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
kvX\q`nhytia tZhlnXw bZm bpx kzkvXn \
Ct{m hr {ihmx kzkvXn \x ]pjm hniz thZm
kzkvXn \ kvXmtym AcnjvSt\anx kzkvXn t\m
_ylkv]XnZ[mXp Hmw imnx imnx imnx

I ]qP\obcmb tZhmsc, R sNhnIfm awKfw
tIpamdmIs. kpZrifmb AwKfmepw tZl
mepw \nsf kvXpXnp sImv tZhm Rp
\nbnnpff Bbpp apgph A\p`hnm\nShcs.
alm Ionam\mb C{ Rv awKfacpfs.
khhpadnbp ]pjmhv Rv awKfw \Is.
_ylkv] Xn awKfacpfs. Hmw imnx imnx imnx
lcn Hmw AYkqcywKnkw hymJymkymax
{_m Ejn Kmb{Xo Ox BZntXymtZhIm
lwkx tkmf lan\mcmbWbpw _oPw
lrtJminx hnbZmZn kkwbpw IoeIw
NXphn[]pcpjm knyt hn\ntbmKx
jSvkzcmcqtV\ _otP\ jUwKw cmw _pP
kwnXw k]vXmizcYn\w lncWyhw NXp
`pPw]Zzbm`bhcZlkvX w ImeN{I {]tW
Xmcw {io kqcy \mcmbWw b Ghw thZ k ssh
{_mWx Hmw `p`phkx Hmw XXv khnXph-
tcWyw `tm tZhky [oaln [ntbm tbm\
{]tNmZbmX v k qcy B m PKXm pj
kqcymssZz Jeznam\n `qXm\n Pmbt kqcym
Zyx ]Pt\ym Aamm \akvX BZnXy
Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xz tah {]Xyw
hnjv W p ckn Xztah {]Xyw cpt{Zmf kn
Xztah arKkn. Xztah {]Xyw bpckn.
Xztah {]Xyw kamkn. Xztah {]XyaY
hmkn. Xztah khw Otm f kn. BZnXymZzm
bp PmbtX. BZnXymZv `qan PmbtX. BZnXymZm
t]m Pmbt. BZnXymXv tPymXn PmbtX.
BZnXymXv thyma Zntim Pmbt. BZnXym tZhm
Pmbt. BZnXym tZzZm Pmbt. BZntXym hm
Gj GXWvUew X]Xn AkmhmZntXym {_
BZntXymx IcW at\m _pn Nnmlmcmx
B Z ntXy m ss hhym\x k am\m]mt\ mZmt\m
{]mWxBZntXym ssht{im{XXzIv Npk\m
{LmWmx BZntXym sshhmIv] mWn]mZ ]mbp
]mx BZntXym sshi_vZ kv] i cq]ckK
mx BZntXym sshhN\m Zm\Ka\ hnm
\mx B\atbm m\atbm hnm\ambx
BZnXyx
A\cw kqcys\ kw_n AYhthZob a{-
hymJym\nmw. Cu a{ns Ejn {_mhm-
Ipp. Ov Kmb{Xn tZhX kqcy\pw ""lwk tkm f
lw An \mcmbWbpamWv _oPw. lytJ in.
hnbZmZn kwk kwbpw IoeIw. CXns hn\ntbm-
Kw \mephn[nepff ]pcpjmn\mWv. Bdp
kzcfn {]XnjvTXamb _oPtmsSmw jUwK-
cIaen nX\pw Ggp Aizsf sInb
cYn A[ncqV\pw lncWyh\pw \mep`pP-
N P
825
fn Iaew hcap{ZmIamb ImeN{Ins hn[mbXzw K
Cu \nebn kqcytZhs\ Adnbph XsbmWv
{_mW. kqcy \mcmW {]Whns A`qX-
amb NnXv kXv B\ab\mWv. `qx `phx kx cq]n
ss{XtemIymI\mWv. hnizcNbnXmhmb Atl-
ns tXPns\ R [ym\npp B `Khm
RfpsS _pnsb th hn[n t{]cnns.
kqcy kqmhc PwKafpsS BmhmIpp.
Atln \nmWv Cu `qXsfmw DmbnpffXv
.Atln \np Xs b taLw Bmhv
Fm Bhn`pXambn. Atbm BZnXym,R
Asb \akvI cnpp. Ap Xs Ihpw
Imhpw ApXs {_mmhpw hnjv W phpw.
ApXs cp{Z, E, bpv , kmaw, AYhw
CsXms Ap Xs. Av kq O cq]\mWv.
BZnXy\n \npw XsbmWv hmbp, `pan, Pew,
tPymXnv, BImiw, ZnpI Fmw DmbnpffXv.
Atln \nmWv tZhm DhnXv. thZfpsS
D e v ] nb p w A t l n \ n p X s . C u
{_mWvUs BZnXy\mWv. X]nnpXv. BZnXy
XsbmWv {_w. AxIcW cq]hpw Atlw Xs.
]{]mWfpsS cq]n {]XnjvTXambncnpXpw
kqcy Xs. ]t{nbfpsS cq]n Imcy
sNpXpw B tZh Xs. m\hnm\bp\pw
B\ab\pw Cu BZnXy\mIpp.
\tam an{Xmb `m\thartX ym am ]ml n.
{`mPnjvWth hniz tlXth \ax kqcymXv `hn
`qXm\n kqtcyW ]menXm\ Xp kqtcyebw
{]]v\ phn bx kqcym tkmltah N Np
[mct\m tZhx khnXm Npt\m tZhx khnXm
Np\ DX ]hXx Np[mXm Z[mXp\x
BZnXymb hnZva tl kl{k IncWmb [oaln
Xx kqcyx {]tNmZbmXv khnXm ]mmXv
k hnX m ] p c kvX mX v kh ntX m cm mX v
khnXm [cmXv khnXm \x kphXp khXm
Xncw khnXm t\m cmkXmw ZoL ambpx HmantXy
Imcw {_ LrWncnXn tZzAtc kqcy
CXyc Zzbw BZnXy CXn {XoWycmWn
GXsskhy kqcyky Ajv Smtcm a\px bx
kZmlc lP]Xn k ssh {_mtWm`hXn k
ssh {_mtWm `hXn kqcym`naptJmP]vX zm
alm hym[n`bmXv {]apNytX Aevao \iyXn
A`y `WmXv ]qtXm `hXn AKaymKa\mXv
]qtXm `hXn ]XnX kw`mjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn
AkXv kw`mjWmXv ]qtXm `hXn a[ymt
kqcym`napJx ]tTXv ktZymXv] ]alm]mX
ImXv {]apNytX ssk jmw kmhn{Xow hnZym \
InnZ]n \ IkvssaNnXv {]iwktbXv b GXmw
 826

I alm`mKx {]mXx ]TXn k `mKyhm PmbtX
]iq hncptX thZm m e`tX {XnIme
taXXv P]vX zm {IXpiX^eahm]vt\mXn tbm
lkvX m ZntXy P]Xn k alm arXypw XcXn k
almarXypw XcXn b Ghw thZ CXn kqtcym
]\njXv
an{X tZh\v \akvI mcw. kqcy `Khm\v \akvImcw.
`Khms\, acWn \nv Fs cnpI. hniz
n\v ImcW`qX\pw tXPkznbpamb kqcy\v \akvImcw.
kqcy\n \nmWv Cu kIe NcmNc {]mWnIfpsSbpw
Dev]n DmbnpffXv. Ahsbsbmw kwcnp-
Xpw kqcy XsbmWv.Ahkm\w kIePohnIfpw
Atln eo\\mbn `hnpp. B kqcy Rm
XsbmWv. khnXmhmb tZh \psS ImWv. kIe
Xns\bpw [mcWw sNp kqcy \psS t\{Xv
Zi\ in \Ipp. kl{k civanbmb `mkvIcs\
R [ym\npp. kqcytZh Rv t{]cW
\Is ]pdInepw apnepw sXpw hSpsamw
K
kqcytZh XsbmWv. B khnXm tZh Rp
thn kIeXpw Dev]ams. Atlw Rv
ZoLmbpv \Is. Hmw cq]nepff GImca{w
{_amIpp. "LrWn kqcy cpw ccapff
a{fmWv. BZnXy FXn aqv Ac Dv.
CsXmw tNv kqcy\mcmbWs AjvSmc a{w
Dmbncnpp. Cu a{w Fpw P]nph
{_b\mbnocpp. kqcy\v A`napJambn \nv
tamN\w e`npp. Zmcn{Zhpw ]m]hpw AIepp. ]
alm]m]hpw \inpw Cu kmhn{Xo hnZysbn
BcpsS apnepw {]iwkncpXv. GsXmcm {]`mX
nCXv P]npp. Ah `mKyhm\mIp. arK
e`nm\nSbmIpw. thZm m\apmIpw. kqcy
Aw \{Xn \np Zphkw CXp P]n
alm arXyphns\ XWw sNpp.
kqtcym]\njXv kam]np.

1 ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv 3
imn- ] mTw Hmw JWvUw
Hmw. hmMv ta a\kn {]Xn-jvTnXm at\m ta 1. AY `K-hw tZhmN DuNpx tl `K-h \x
hmNn {]Xn-jvTnX amhn-c m-hn a G[n thZ-kya IYb ku`mKy evao hnZymw
BWo x {ipXw ta am {]lmko At\ \m[o-
2. XtYXn Athm-N Xv `K-h m BZn-\ m-cm-bWx
tX\m tlm cm{XmXv kwZ-[man EXw hZn-jyman
kh- t Zhmx bqbw kmh- [ m- \ - a - \ tkm `qXzm
kXyw hZn-jyman Xm-a-hX - v. XZz-m-ca
- -hXp Ah-
irWpXw Xpcob cp]mw Xpco-bm-XoXmw kthm-
Xp-amw. Ah-Xp-h-m-ca
- -hXp hm-cw. Hmw. imnx
XvISmw kh-a{m k\-KXmw ]otTm ]oT tZhXm
imnx imnx
]cn-hrXmw NXp`pPmw {inbw lnc-W y-hmw
Fs hmv a\-n nc-am-bn-cn--s. Fs a\v CXn. ] Zi EKv `n [ymtb-Xv.
hmn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-s - . kzbw {]Im-im-mthm
tZh-m `K-hm-\mb BZn \mcm-b-W-t\mSv ]dp:
Av Fs apn {]Xy--am-I-tW. Atbm at\m-hm-
""`K-hm-t\, Rv ku`mKy evao hnZy D]-tZ-in-p-
p- I-sf, \n Fs thZ-m-\-n- \m-[m-c-am-W.v AXp-
X-m-epw. `K-hm ]dp: ""As\ Xs. tZh-m-
sImv Fs thZm-[ym-b-\s \in-n--cp-Xv. thZm-[y-b-
sc, \n Fm-hcpw GIm-{K-Nn--cmbn tIp-hn
\-n Xs Rm cmhpw ]Iepw Nne-hg- n-p-p. am\-
qew, kqvaw, ImcWw Fo aqv Ah--Ipw
kn- I- ambpw hmNn- I- ambpw Rm kXyw ]dbpw Fs cn-
D]-cn-bmbn Xpco-bm-h- bvpw AXm-b-Xv, AXn\pw D]-
-s. hm-hns\ cn--s. Fs cn--s. hmm-
cn-bmbn \nKp-Whpw im-hp-amb cq]-tmSp IqSn-b-hfpw
hns\ cn--s. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
kh-a-{m-ku-bpw ]oT--fnepw D]-]o-T--fnepw hnco-
N P
 827

I Pn-p-h- fpw tZh-m-cm ]cn-tk-hn-Xbpw \mep `pP ENm XZv _ln`yx ip NncnXn amXr-Ibm b {iobw K
tfmSp IqSn-b-h-fp-amb evao-tZ-hnsb ]Xn-\-p Ep-I- b{mwK ZiIw N hnenJy {inb-am-hm-l-tb-Xv.
sf-smv [ym\n--Ww.
6. AwssKx {]Yam hrXnx ]Zvam-Zn-`n ZznXo-bm-tem-
3. AY ]-Zi EKm-I - ky {io kv{XWvU-kym- tI-ssi-kvXr-Xo-bm. XZm bmssZ kvXpcobm hrXn
\-I- a Nno-tX-n-cm-kpXm Ej-bx-{iocn jymZym `hXn {iokp-ss-cm-hm-l-\mZn tjm Ui-k-l-{k-
EN N Xp Z im\ mw EN mw B \ w Ej bw P]x
lncWyhm-Z ymXv b{X bkym \jvSp]v Ox
7. ku`m-Ky-c -ssa-I m- cym `rKp-\n-N rZv Kmb{Xn
Imwtkm Akva oXy ky _rlXo Ox XZ-\y- {inb Ejym-Zbx ianXn _oP-inx {ioan-X ym-Z n-
tbm Zztbm kv{XojvS ]v ]p\-c-jvSI kym\p-jvT-
j-UwKw
]-ti- j ky {]kv X mc ]wnx {Xyn tZhXm
lncWy hm- a nXn _oPw Imwtkm kva oXn 8. `qbm-Zv`qtbm Zzn]-Zvam-`b hc-ZI- cm X]vX-Im
inx lnc- bm N{- c - P X {kPm lncWym kzcm`mw ip{_m-{`m-t`` bp Zzb-I -c-[rX Ip`m-
l nc W y h t - X n- { ] - W - h mZ n \ tams s Zv`n-c m-kn-Ny-am\m cXv\u Lm _-au-en hnae
Xpy sscw-K\ - ymkx AY h{ {Xssb- Xc-Zp-Iq-em-hm-te-]\ - m-Vym, ]Zvamo ]Zva-\m-
cw-K -\ ymk akvX -I -tem- N -\ m- {ipX {LmW- h - Z \ t`m-ck - n-Ir-Xh- k
- Xnx ]ZvaKm {inx {inssbx\x
IWvT-_m-lp-Zzb lrZ-b-\m`n Kply ]mbq-cp-Pm-\p- ]oT-In-I-bpsS Dn kmy-Im-c-Ia - mb _oPw
Pw-tLjp {io kqss-t- ch {Ia tim \ytk-Xv. Fgp- Xn-b-Xn-\p- tijw ZzmZi Iaew AjvS-Zfw Fn-h-tbmSp
]Xn-\p Ep-I-fp-sSbpw Ejn-am Cn-c, B\w, IqSnb Xma-c-I-fn `qhr-X-aty {iokq--ns ]IpXn
I-a, Nnn-X Fn-h-cmWv BZy-a-{-ns Ejn Ep-I Fgp-Xp-I. ]noSv \n`q-Xh - r---fn ^e-
Cn-cbpw tij-ap--hb - psS Ejn-am ]p{X-\vam-cp-am-Wv. {ipXn cq]- n- e p Ep- I FgpXn tjmU-im-c-aty
BZys aqp a{--fpsS Op A\p-jvSp]pw \mem- apI-fn AImcw apX kImcw hsc amXrIm h-
a--Xns _rl-Xnbpw Am-a--Xn-sbpw Bdm-a-t- Fgp-XW - w. Ghpw apI-fn \n`q-Xh - r--n
Xn-sbpw {XnjvSppw Ggm-a-t-Xp-ap-X ]Xn-m-em-a- hjUv k- a - mb XzcnX F _oPm- - c -tm-Sp-IqSn
tXp hsc-bp-Xv A\p-jvSppw {]kvXm-c-]w-n-bp-am- {io_o-Ps teJ\w sN-Ww. Cs\ ]v AwK-
Ip-p. tZhX {iobpw Anbpw _oPw lnc-Wy-hhpw fp {ioN{Iw \nn-W - w. AwK-a-{- sImv
in ImtUm-kvanbpw BIp-p. lnc-Wvay-bo, N{, cP- {]Y- am- h - c W
- ]
- q- P \S- p-
I . ]Zva\ - n-[n-If - m cm-aXpw
X-{k-P, lncWy {kP, lnc-Wy, lncWy h Fo Bh- c W
- ]
- qP thW- a w. temI- ]m-
e - I- m aptJ\ XrXo-
\ma-sf NXpo hn`-n-bn shv Hmw Imc-n bm-h-cW ]qPbpw h{PmZn Bbp-[- aptJ\ NXpm-
\np-am-cw-`nv HSp-hn \ax Fp-c - nv \ykn--Ww. h-cW ]qPbpw {Ia-a\ - p-k-cnv \nh-ln-p-I. {iokq--
]ns h{- {Xbw sImp inc- v, t\{Xw, t{im{Xw, \mkn- ns Ep- I - f m Bhm-l\ - mZn Imcy- sNp-I.
I, apJw, IWvTw, _mlp-Zz-bw, lrZ-bw, \m`n, Kplyw, ]ns ]pc--cW - mw ]Xn-\m-bncw a{- P]n--
hmbp, Ducp, P\p, PwL Fn-h-bn {iokqw sImp W-sa-mWv \nt-iw. GIm--c-amb ku`m-Ky-evao
Xs bYm-{Iaw \ykn--Ww. ]oSv {ikq--a-{-m a{-ns Ejn-`r-Kphpw Ov \oNrZv Kmb-{Xnbpw
AwK-\ymkw sNp-I. Xmsg ]d-bp a{-m [ym\n- tZhX {iobpw BWv. _Pw {ioap-tJ-\bpw AwK-\ymkw
p-I. {imw Fn-hh aptJ-\bpw sNmw. cp ssII-fnepw
Xma-cbpw av Ic-bp-K - n hc-Zm-`-b-ap-{Z-Ifpw [cn-n-cn-
Acp-W-Ia - e kwm-X-{ZPm ]pjv] hmx
p- - h fpw kz- k - a m- \ - a mb ico- c - I m- n- t bmSp
Ic-Ia- e [rtX jv{Sm`nXn bpmw _pPmN IqSnbhfpw taL-k-a-{]-`bpw cv B\-I-fpsS Xpn--c-
aWn ISI hnNn-{Xm-ew-I rXm Iev] Pmssex -fm Ia-e-P-e-m A`n-jn-bpw Acp-W-cXv\ JNn-
kIe `ph-\-amXm kXw {iox {io ssb\x X-amb IncoSw [cn--hfpw EXp-n-W-nb AwK-cmKw
]qin-b-hfpw `qh-kv{XmW ]cm-b-Wbpw Ia-tem-N\ - bpw
Acp-W-I-ae - -n hncm-Pn-p--hfpw Ia-e] - -cm-K-Xp-
{io]--\m-`s h-n hkn-p--hfpw Ia-em-k-\-
ey-amb ]oX-hw tN-hfpw hc-Zm-`b ap{Zm-bp-bpw
bp-amb {iotZhn \apv ]c-aa - mb sFizcyw \Ip-am-dm-
cp ssII-fnepw Xma-c - qhv [cn-h
- fpw aWn-a-b-h-eb - -
I-s.
-fm ka-ew-Ir-Xbpw kh-tem-I-am-Xm-hp-amb {ioa-lm-
evan \nc-cw Rsf sFizcy k-c - m--s. 9. XXv ]oTw AjvS-]{Xw hr {Xbw ZzmZ-ic - min
JWvUw NXp-c{iw cam-]oTw `hXn. In-Imbmw
5. XXv ]oT In-I mbmw kkm[yw {io_o-P w.
kk[yw {io_nPw hn`q-Xn-cp-Xnx Imnx krjvSnx
hkzm-ZnXp Iem-]-Zvtajp {iokq KXmm[-

N P
 828

I Ionx k-Xn hypjvSnx kXvIrjnx Enx CXn cmw JWvUw K

{]W-h mZn \tam-s s-i y-X py ss \h-i - 1. AY ssl\w tZhmx DuNpx Xpco-bbm ambbm
nc btP-Xv. AwtK ]rY-am-hr-XnO hmkp-tZhm \nnjvSw XXzw {_plnXnx XtYXn ktlm-hm-N.
Zn`n ZzXobm _me-Iym-Zn`n kvXrXobm C{m `n`n
o `hXn ZzmZi ex P] ]noSv tZh-m ]dp: Xpco-b-am-b-bm \nn-jvT-
amb XXzs kw_-nv Rv ]d-p-X-m-epw.
aqp hr-tmSp IqSnb cam-]o-T-b{w AS-bm-f-
1. tbmtK\ tbm mXthym tbmtKm tbm KmXv{]-
s-Sp--Ww. AjvS-Z-f-In-I-bn km[y klnXw _oP-
h[-tX. tbm {]akvXkvXp tbmtK\ k tbmKo
sa-gp-Xp-I. BZyw apX HmwIm-chpw HSp-hn \ax F
catX Nncw
tbmK-k-lnXw Hmtcm \ma-n-sbpw NXpo hn`n
{]tbm-K-m \h-i-n-Isf ]qPn--Ww. hnZyp-Xn, D- 2. kam-]Ny \n{Zmw kpPot ev]t`mPo
Xn, Imn, krjvSn, Ion, k-Xn, hypjvSn, kXvIr- {ia-XymPy _mt[ hnhnt {]tZti
jvSn, En Fn-hb - mWv \h-i-n-I. AwK-\ymkw kZm-koX \nivXrjvW Gj {]bXvt\m
sImv BZy-ambn Bh-cW - ]- qP sNpI. ]ns hmkp- Yhm {]mWtcmt[m \nPm-`ym-k-ammXv
tZ-h, kj-W, {]Zyp-av\, A\n-cp- Fn-hsc
3. ht{Wm ]pcy- h mbpw lpX-h ml \netb
{Ia-a\- p-k-cnv ]qPn-W- w. Cs\ ZzXo-bm-hc - W ]qP
]m\am-Irjy [rXzm kmwKpjvSmZyw-Kp-en-`n hc-
sNp-I. _meIn XpS-n-b-h-scbpw ]qPn-p-sImv XrXo-
Ic Xetbmx jUv`n-tchw \ncp-[y, t{imt{X t\t{X
bm-h-ca ]qPbpw thWw. C{m-Zn-tZ-h - m-scbpw Ah-cpsS
N \mkm ]pS-bp-Kf atYmt\\ amtW kay-
Bbp-[ - aptJ\ NXpm-h-cW ]qP thWw. ]qc- Iv. ]iyn {]Xybmw {]W-h-_-lp-hn[ [ym\-kw-
-c-Wmw ]{p ew a{w P]n-W - w. eo\ Nnmwx
11. {ioe-vao hcZm hnjvWp-]n hkp-{]-Zm-ln- tbmK- m tbmK-_ pn ssIh-c p- -X p-s Imv
cWy cq]m kz-am-en\o cP-X-{kPm kz-{]`m tbmKw aptJ\ tbmKs Adn-b-Ww. tbmK-n Z-
kz-{]m-Imcm ]-hm-kn\o ]-lkvXm ]Zva- Nn--\mbn tbmKn Nncw kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. anX-t`m-Pn-
{]nbm apm-e-M-AI - mcm N\-{Z-kqcym hnevt{]-bm, bmb km[-I cmK-tZz-jmZn amen-\y- AIn Be-
Cuizco `pn apn hn`q-Xn En. karnx ky-sat\y {]]--amsI {_-Xz-{]m-]vXnv {]Xn-_--
IrjvSnx ]pjvSn [\Zm [t\-izco {im t_mKn\o sa--dnv GIm km[-\b - n apgp-Ip-p. cmP-tbm-K-
t`mKZm kmhn{Xn [m{Xn hn[m-{Xn, CXymZn {]W- {]-h-It\m lT tbmK-{]-h-It\m BIp-p. Cu
hmZn \tam- -Xpym a{mx GIm-c cp hn[ tbmK--fn-semv ssI sImp-p. {]mWm-bm-
hZw-KmZn ]oTw X-Ww. Zimwiw ]mh\w ZznP- am-`ymkn hm-bn IqSn hmbp-hns\ Dn-te-m-Ijnv
Xr]vX nx \njvI m-am\m tah {iohnZym knnx \ A]m-\h - mbp hns\ \m`n-bnse PT-cmn tImi-n-em-
Ijnv hmbnIqSn BIjn hmbp-hns\ AXp-ambn
IZm]n Imam-\m-an-Xn.
CW-p-p. ]noSv X-hn-c ap hnc-ep-I Dw ssI
{Xyco hnZym ]qP-bn BZyw Hmm-chpw HSp-hn Fn-h-bm ImXv, Iv, aqns Zzmc- Fnh
\axbpw tNv Hmtcm \ma-n-sbpw NXpn hn`n _nv {]mWm-bm-a-m {]Whw Nnnv AXn Xs
klnXw {]tbm-Kn-p-I, {io, evao, hc-Z, hnjvWp kpJw Isn B-km-m-XvImcw {]m]n-p-p.
{]nbm, lnc-Wy-cq-]m, hkp-{]-Zm, cP-X{- k-Pm, kz-am- 4. {ihW apJ \b\ \mkm-\n-tcm[ t\ ss\h
en-\n, kz-{]-`m, kz-{]-Im-im, ]Zvah - m-kn-\o, ]Zvam- Ihyw
l-kvXm, ]Zva {]nbm, hnezm-{]n-bm, N{-kq-cym, apm-e-
ip kpjpav\m kc-Wuq aaew
m-cm, Cuiz-co, `pn, apn, hn`q-Xn, En, kar-n,
{iqbtX \mZx
IrjvSn, ]pjvSn, [\-Zm, [t\-iz-co, {im kmhn-{Xn, t`mKn-
\n, t`mKZ [m{Xo, hn[m{Xo Fo \ma--fm in- 5. hnNn{X tLmj kwbpm \mltX
]qP sN-Ww. ]pcc-Wmw Hcp ew a{w P]n- {iqbtX [z\nx
-Ww. P]-ns ]n-semv X-Whpw X-W- Znhy tZl tXPkzo Znhy Ktm
ns ]n-semv lh-\hpw lh-\-ns ]n-semv ]ytcm Khm
{_m-W-t`m-P-\hpw \S-- Ww. Ima-\m-c-lnX `mh-tmsS 6. kw]q lrZ-bx-iq-t\ym-Xzm-ct`
D]m-kn-p-h- p am{Xta {iohn-Zym-{]m]vXn ssIh-cp- tbmK-hm `thXv
I-bp-q. Ima-\m-k-ln-X-am-bm ^e-an-. ZznXobmw hnL-So-Ir-Xy-hm-bp `hXn a[ytKx

N P

I {ih-Ww, apJw, \b\w \mk Fn-h-bpsS On{Z-
sf _n-m A`ym-k-ns asmcp hn[n-bm-bn.
Ah-bn IqSn ip-amb kpjpav\ \mUn-bn {]W-h-
ns A\m-lX - [
- z\n tImw. A\m-lX - N
- {- I-n
[z\n tIp-t m Xs hn`n- -{]-I m-c- n-e p
hnNn{X tLmjepw tImw. km[-Is\ CXv F{Xbpw
tXP-kzn-bm-p- p. Ahs ico-c-n \npw Znhy-Kw
hcpw. Znhy ico-chpw e`n-pw. iq\y-n at\m-tbm-K-
tmsS [z\n tIn-cn-p-X - n-\m km[-I tbmK-bp-
-\m-Ip-p. Pohm-mhv kpjpav\m am-n IqSn
aptm-p-t]mIptm kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Iw t`Znv AXns
a[y-n-ep On{Z-n IqSn {]mW-hmbp kpjp-a\ v -bn
{]th-in-p-p.
7. ZrVm-kt\m `th-tZymKo ]Zvam-`ym-k\ kwnXx
hnjvWp {Kt-kvXtXm t`ZmXv
]c-am-\ kw`hmx
8. AXn-iqt\ym hna t`co i_vZk
- vXtXm
`th-X vx
XrXobmw bmtXm `nXzm \n\mtZm
a\ [z\nx
9. alm-iq\yw XtXm-bmXn kh-knn kam-{ibw
Nm-\w XtXm-`n-Xzm-kh-]oT KXm-\nex
10. \njv]u sshjvWhx i_vZx
IzW-XoXn IztWm
`thXv GIo-`qXw XZm-Nnw
ku\-I m-Z n-ap-\o-UnXw
11. At\w kam-tcm]y JWvtUy-JWvUw
ka-b
`qam\w {]IrXnw [ymXvhm IrX
XrtXym artXm `thXv
12. tbmtK\ tbmKw kwtcm[y `mhw
`mth\ NmRvPkm
\nhn-Iev]w ]cw XXzw kZm `qXzm
]cw `thXv
13. Alw `mhw ]cn-XyPy PKXv `mh-a\o ZriwS
\nhn-Ievt] ntXm hnZzm `qtbm
\m]y- \p-tim-N -Xn.
]Zvam-k\w XpS-nb Bk-\--fn A`ymkw \S-
p tbmKn at\m-cY knn-l-\m-Ip-p. ]ns
aqm-as aWn-]q-c-Is - a N{I-n nXn-sN-p
amb At\Iw Ima-\-Isf hfpw. Ah XIm
]c-am-\w e`n-pw. iq\ys ewLnv {]mW-hm-bp-hn\v
\mUn-bp-ambn kwLjap-m-Ip-tm AXn\npw
s]cp--d-bpsS i_vZ- n\p Xpey-amb i_vZw {ihn-mw.
N P
829
aqm-as aWn-]q-c-N{- Is t`Zn-p-tm {]mW-hm- K
bp-hn\npw arZwKw t]mep Hcp [z\n ]pd-s-Sp-p.
]ns {]mW-hmbp Xme-N{Iw aptJ\ Nns Pbnv
Xmep-N{Iw t`Znv AhnsS am\-kn-Ia- mb khm-\-hpw
Ah\v e`n-p-p. C-s\-bp km[-\-bpsS Ah-km\w
{]Xy--ambn apg-p \mZ-n Nnw ebn-pp
Fv k\-Im-Zn-ap-\n-I ]d-bp-p. A\-s\ kam-tcm-
]nv ambm-{K-kvX-amb cq]s {_-n kanv
km[-I Bm-hns kh-hym-]-Is - -n Nnnv
Aar-X -X zs {]m]n- p- p. Akw-{]-m-X -t bmKw
aptJ\ kw{]-m-Xt- bmKw Pbnv A`m-h - m `mh
s \ntcm-[n-W - w. Atm km[-I \nhn-I-ev]k- -
am-[nsb {]m]nv ssIheyw km[n-p-p. AtXm-sS
Ahs Alw-`mhw \jvS-am-Ip-p. ambm-a-b-amb {]]-
hpw ep]vX-am-Ip-p. m\n-bmb km[-Is\ aaXzw
_m[n-p-n-.
14. kente sskhw bZzXv kmayw
`hXn tbKXx
XYm a\-tkm-sscIyw kam-[nc `n \obtX
15. bZm-kw-o-btX {]mtWm am\kw
N {]eo btX
XZm-k-a-ck
- Xzw XXv kam-[o-c`n \obtX
16. bXv kaXzw Xtbm-c{X Pohm ]c-am-t\mx
kakvX \jvS-b-k-ev]x kam[n c`n [obtX
17. {]`m iq\yw a\x iq\yw _pn iq\yw
\ncm-abw
kh-iq\yw \ncm-`mkw kam-[n-c`- n-[o-btX
18. kzb-ap-e
- ntX tZtl tZlo \nXy kam[n \m
\new Xw hnPm-\o-bmXv kam-[oc `o[o-btX
19. b{X b{X at\m bmXn X{X X{X ]cw ]Zw
X{X X{X ]cw {_ kh{X kah-n-Xw.
sh-n-en Dv AXn Aen-p-tN-cp- -Xp-
t]mse a\v Ftm Bm-hn ebn-pp B Ah-
sb kam-[n-sbv ]d-bp-p. {]mWm-bm-a-n oW-
am {]mW-hmbp Ipw`-I-n nXn- sN-p-Ibpw No-
hr-n-I \jvS-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. B ka-b-
p-m-Ip Nom-m--fpsS GIo-`m-h-amWv kam-[n.
AXn Pohm ]c-am-m--fpsS kaXz `mhw ssIh-cp-
tm kIe k-ev]-fpw \in-p-p. kmwkm-cn-Ihpw
t_m[-cl- n-Xh
- p-amb nXn-bn at\m-_p-n-If
- psS ]cn-
]q-amb hnebw kw`-hn-m khhpw iq\y-ambn
tXmpw. B Ah-bvv \ncm-abw Fp t]. AXp
Xs kam-[n. icocw Ap-anpw t]mbmepw Nn-
ns \n-ehpw [ym\-a - -hp-amb nXn-bmWv kam-
[n. B Ah--bn km[-Is a\v Fhn-sS-tm-bmepw
 830

I Ah\v ]c-a]- Zw e`n-p-p-v. ]c-{_w Ah\v kpe-`-
am-Wv.
aqmw JWvUw
1. AY ssl\w tZhm DuNp \h N{I
hnth-I-a \p
{_qlo-Xn, XtYXn ktlm-hmN
hopw tZh-m At-lt- mSv Xv \h-N{- I-
hn-th-Is kw_-n D]- tZiw \I-W-sav ]d-p.
A-s\-bm-Is Fp ]dv Atlw Dcw \In. jvTm\ N{I-am-Wv. AXns In-Im-]r-jvT-n Npa
2. B[mtc {_ N{Iw {Xncm-hrXw `K-a-WvUe - m- \nd-n-ep inh-enw-Ks ]n-am-`-ap-J-amn [ym\n-
I mc w X {X aqe- I t i nx ] mh - I m- I mc w -W w. Ahn-s S-bp DVym-\ -] o-Ts D]m-k n-m
[ymtbXv Xss{Xh Ima-cq-]-]oTw kh-Im-a-{]Zw hnizs BIjn-m t]m knn Ic-KX
`hXn CXym-[mcw N{Iw
3. ZznXobw kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Iw jUv `pPw Xty
]n-am-`n-apJw enKw {]hm-fmpw kZriw [ymtbXv
Xss{X-th-UymW ]oTw PK-Zm-I jW knnZw
`h-X n. XrXobw \m`n-N {Iw k-I p- Sn- e m- I mcw
Xty IpWvUe - n\ow _mem-tIm-Sn-{]`mw XSn-
- n`mw [ymtb- X v kmay inx khx
knn-{]Zm `h-Xn.
4. aWn ]qc-IN
- {Iw lrZtb N{I-ajv S Ze-a-t[m-
apJw X-t[y-tPym-Xnab enwKm-Imcw [ymtbXv
sskh lwk Iem-kh-{]nbm kh-tem-I-h-iyI
co `h-Xn.
5. IWvT-N{Iw NXp-cw-Kpew X{X hmta CUm N{
\mUo ZntW ]nwKfm kqcy-\ mUo Xt[y
kpjpav\mw tizX-hmw [ymtbXvb Ghw thZ-
A-\ml X knZv[nZm `h-Xn.
6. Xmep N{Iw X{X AarX [mcm {]hmtlm
LnIm enwK- a qe N{I- c t{ cmP-Z - m- h ew
_n\o-hn-h-cw-Zi ZzmZ-imcw X{X iq\yw [ymtbXv
Nn-etbm `h-Xn.
7. k]vXaw `qN-{I-aw-K pjvT am{Xw X{X m\
t\{Xw Zo] inJm-Imcw [ymtbXv X tZh I]m-e-
Iw hmIvkn-nZw `h-Xn.
8. Bm\ N{I-a-jvSaw {_-c{w \nhm-W-
N{Iw X{X kqNnIm Krtl-Xcw [q{a-in-Jm-Imcw
[ymtb-X v. X{X Pme- -c -] oTw tam-{]Zw `h-
XoXm ]c-{_--N-{Iw.
9. \hm-am-Imi N{Iw X{X-tjm-U-i-Z-eh
apJw X- [ y- I n- I m- { Xn- I p- S m- I mcw Xt[y
Du[z-i - nx Xmw ]iy [ymtbXv Xss{Xh
]qKncn ]oTw kth-m-knn km[Iw `h-Xn.
`K-hm BZn-\m-cm-b-W ]dp: aqem-[m-c- n-
K
ep {_-N-{Iw tbm\n-bpsS BIm-c-n-ep-Xpw {Xnhr-
-bp--hp-am-Wv. AhnsS In-Im-aq-e
- n Dd-p
k-ns BIr-Xn-bn IpWvU-en\o in nXn-
sN-p-p. AXv DW-cp--Xp-hsc In-Pz-en-p Pzme-
bpsS cq]-n [ym\n--Ww. Ahn-sS-bmWv `K-h-Xn-{Xn-
]p-cb
- psS Ia-cq-]-]oTw F m\w. B `K-h-Xnsb
An-m kIe t`mK-fpw knn-pw. CXv B[m-c-
sa {]Y-a-N-{I-am-Wv.
cm-a-tXv Bdp-Z-e
- -fp ]Zva - ns kzm[n-
- a
- m-Ipw.
aqm-a-s-Xmb \m`n-N{Iw km-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-Xpw
Bdv hr--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-Wv. B N{I-n tImSn
Wn\v _me-kq-cy-m-cpsS tPymXn-n\v Xpey-amb
IpWvU-en\o insb [ym\n-p-I. DW-Xn-\p-tijw
B in Gsd Ign-hp-Xpw knn-Zm-b-Ih - p-am-Wv.
aWn ]qc-I-N{Iw AjvS-Zf Ia-em-Im-c-n-ep-Xpw
At[m-ap-J-hp-am-Wv. CXp Xs lrZ-b-N-{Iw. CXn
tPymXna-b-enw-Ks [ym\n-p-I, CXv lwk-Ie F
t]cn {]nb--c-am-Ip-p. AXp-Wm kh-tem-Ihpw
hio-I-cn-m-\p in Inpw. Igp-n NXp-cw-Kpe
{]am-Wa - mb N{I-ap-v. AXn CS-p-`m-Kv CUbpw
he-Xp-`m-Kv ]nwK-ebpw Dv. cn\pw at[y shfp
kpjpav\m \mUnsb Nnn-p-I. CX-dn-bp--h\v A\m-
l-XN - {Iw knn \Ip-p. CXns apn-ep \mep
N{In Aar-X-[mc {]h-ln-p-p. Cu \mep N{I-
nepw ]p ]{v Zf--fp-v. AXn\pw apn Z-
aqew hsc hnim-e-N-{Im-Im-c-amb On{Z-n \mep N{I-
ap-v. AXn iq\ys [ym\n-m Nnw iq\y-c-X-am-
Ipw. AwKp-e -]-cn-am-Wa- p Ggm-a -s-XmWv `qN-{Iw.
AXn Imn-m-n-Sp Ip Zo]- n- s\m m\-
t\-{Xs Nnn-W - w. Cu N{Iw DWm I]me
I-s--nbpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-n-p hnj-b--sf--
nbpw Adnhv e`n-p-p. Fm-as B N{I-s-
-s- bmWv {_- c{w Fv ]d-bp-- X.v AXns A{K-
`mKw kqNn-ap\ t]men-cn-pw. AhnsS {[qainJmcq-]s
[ym\n--Ww. Ahn-sS-bp Pme--c] - o-Ts D]m-kn-
m tamw knn-pw. AXn-\m ]c-{_--N{Iw
Fpw AXn\v t]cp-v. H]-Xm-as - Xv BImi N{I-
am-W.v AhnsS ]Xn-\mdp Zf--tfmSp IqSnb Xmac Du[z-
- aq[z- ap-J-ambn nXn-sN-p-p. AXns \Sp-hn-ep InI
{XnKp-W- -fpsS amXm-hm-I-bm aqp inJ-c-fp ]h-
X-ns BIrXn tN-Xm-W.v AXns a[y-n apI-
fn-temv Ip\n-p-In-S-p in-bp-v. AXns\ t\mn

N P

I Nnn--Ww. AhnsS bp ]q-Kncn ]oTw D]m-kn-p-
Xv Ima-\m-kn-n-Z-am-Ip-p.
10. ku`mKy ev a yp- ] - \ n- j Zw \nXy a[otX
tkmn artXm `hXn khmbp ]qtXm `h-X n.
k kIe [\-[m\y kXv ]p{X If{X lb-`qK
P]- i q- a ln jo Zmko- Z mk tbmK- m- \ - h m
`hXn ku ]p\-cm-hX CXyp-]\ - n-j-Xv.
1 kvItm-]-\n-jv
imn- ] mTw
Hmwx kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `q\p kl-
hocyw Ic-hmh ssl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[oX akvXp.
am hnZznjm h ssl Hmw imnx imnx imnx
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb \ cp-t]-scbpw
cn--s. AXv \ cp t]scbpw ]men--s. \m
cp-t]-scbpw ]men--s. \m cp t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-
I t\S- s. \psS Ay- b\w tXmtPm- a-b-am- I- s. R 4. NnPvPU
At\ym\yw tZzjw hln-m CS-bm-Im-Xn-cn--s. Hmw
imnx imnx imnx
1. ANyptXm kvan alm-tZh Xh Imcp-Wy-te-iIx
- \ Ghmkvan inthm kvan
hnPvRm-\L
Ina-Xx-]cw
alm-tZ-h, A-bpsS Imcp-Wy-teiw \nanw
Rm ANyp-X \pw hnm-\ - L -\ \pw inh\pw
Bbn- c n- p- p. F\nv CXn IqSp- X - s ep
thWw?
2. \ \nPw \nP-hmZv `mXn Ax-Ic
- -WPrw `WmXv
Ax-Ic
- -W\
- m-ti\ kwhn-m{X ntXm lcnx
a\p-jys Ax-I-cWw hnI-kn-X-ambn Xs ]m
n-h-kz-cq]w hnkva-cn-p-tm Ax-I-c-W-\miw kw`-
hn-p-Ibpw AhnsS GI-\m-bn lcn-am{Xw nXn-sN-p
Ah Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
N P
831
Cu ku`m-Ky-evao D]-\n-jv \nXyhpw A[y- K
b\w sNp-h - An-]q-X\ - m-Ip-p. hmbp ]qX-\m-
Ipp; Ah kIe hn[ [\-[m-\y- ]p{X `mcy
B\, IpXn-c, arK-, ]ip, Fcp-a, Zmk, Zmkn-am
Fn-h-tcm-Sp- IqSn sFiz-cy-k-- -\mbn m\n-bmbn `hn-
p-p. Ah-km\w Ah ]c-a-]Zw {]m]n-p-I bpw
]p\P--an-m--h-\mbn `an-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
ku`mKyevao D]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
3. kwhn-m{X nX-ml atPmkvan InaXx ]cw
hyXn-cnw PUw khw kz]v\ h hn\ iyXn
m\-kz-cq-] - n nXn sNp--hs - \pw P-
c-ln-X-am-sW-p-ap A\p-`-hhpw m\hpw F\n-p-
m-bn-cn-p-p. CXn \npw `n-am-bn-p- -sXmw PUw
kz]v\w Fn-h-t]mse \iz-ca - mWv? CXn IqSp-X-se-
mWp thXv?
- m\w Xp tbm {ZjvSm tkm Nyp
tXm m\
hn{Klx k Gh ln alm-tZhx k Gh
ln alm-lcnx
ssNX-\y-sbpw PU-sbpw ImWp--h Xs-
bmWv ANyp-X\pw m\-kz-cq-]-\pw. Ah Xs-bmWv
alm-tZ-h\pw alm-l-cnbpw
5. k Gh tPymXnjmw tPymXnx k Gh
]cta izcx
k Gh ln ]cw {_ XZv {_mlw
\ kwi-bx
Atlw Xs kh-tPym-Xn-p-Ipw aqe-Im-c-W-
amb tPymXn-v. Atlw Xs ]c-ta-iz-c. ]c-{_-hpw
Atlw Xs. kwi-b-an-, Rm\pw AtX {_w Xs.
6. Pohx inhx inthm Pohx kPohx tIhex inhx
XptjW _tm {holnx kympjm
`mth\ XWvUpex

I 7. Ghw _-kvXYm Pohx Ia-\mti kZm inhx
]mi-_
- -kvXYm Pohx ]mi-apx kZm inhx
Poh Xs inh. inh Xs Poh. B Poh
tIhew inh Xs. Dan-tN s\n \npw Dan
amn-bm Acn tijn-pw. AXp-t]mse _-\mb Poh
I-\miw kw`-hn-p-tm kZm-in-h-\m-Ip-p. CXp-
t]mse ]mi-_ - -\mb Poh ]mi-ap-\
- m-bm kZm-
in-h-\m-bn.
8. inhmb hnjvWp-cp-]mb inh-cp-]mb hnjvWpth
inhky lrZbw hnjvWp hnjvtWm
lrZbw inhx
inh Xs hnjvWp-cq-]. hnjvWp Xs inh-cq-
]. inhs lrZ-b-n hnjvWphpw hnjvWp-hns
lrZ-b-n inh\pw hkn-p-p.
9. bYm-in-h-atbm hnjvWp-tchw hnjvWp-ab inhx
bYm-cw \ ]yman XYm ta kzkvXn cmbpjn
GXp-hn[w hnjvWp inh-a-b-am-bn-cn-ptm AXp
t]me inh hnjvWp-a-b-hp-am-W.v Ch-cn At`mhw F\n-
p-m-Ip-tm Cu ico-c-n nXn-sN-th Xs
Rm IeymW kzcq-]-\m-Ip-p.
10. bYm-cw \ t`Zmx kypx inh tIitbm
kvXYm tZtlm
tZhm-ebx t{]mx kPohx tIhex inhx
XytP-ZPvRm\ \nmeyw tkm
lw `mth\ ]qP-tb-Xv.
hnjvWphpw inh\pw Xn bmsXmcp hn[-amb
A-ctam t`Ztam Cm--Xp-t]mse Cu tZlhpw tZhm-
e-b-am-Wv. AXn Poh tIhew inh-cq-]
- n nXn
sNp-p. a\p-jys Am\ \nmeyw Zqc-n-em-
Ip-tm ""AXv Rm Xs'' F `mh-n AXns\
]qPn--Ww.
11. AtyZZi\w m\w [ym\w \nhn-jbw a\x
kv\m\w at\m-a-e-Xylx iuNan-{nb \n{Klx
N P
832
kI-eXpw AtZZ _pn-tbmsS ImWp-I-sb--XmWv
K
m\w. a\- ns \nhn-j -b m-h- -b mWv [ym\w.
kv\ m\-sa- Xv at\m-am-en-\y- ns Zqco-I -c-W-a m-Wv .
C{nb \n{K-la- mWv bYm-n-ep iuNw.
12. {_m-arXw ]nt_Zv ss` amN-tcZv
tZl ctW
htk-tZ-Im-ntI `qXzm ssNIm t
ssZzX hPntX
CtXy-]a
- m-Nt- cXv [oam k Ghw apn
am]v\p-bm-Xv.
{_PvRm\marXw ]m\w sN-Ibpw tZl-kw-c--
W- n\v `nm-hrn kzoI- cn-p-Ibpw tZzj- `mhw ssIsh-
Sn-bp-Ibpw GIm--hm-kn-bm-bn-cn-p- Ibpw thWw. Cs\
BN-cn-p-h - tamw {]m]n-p-p.
13. {io]-c-a-[mavt\ kzkvXn Nncm-bp-tjym-a
- -C-Xn.
hncn-n-\m-cm-bW i-cm-Iw
\rknw-l-tZ-thi Xh {]km-ZXx
ANn-y-a-hy a\-a hybw
thZm-Iw {_-\nPw hnPm-\tX
]c-am-[m-amhpw IeymW cq]n-bp-amb hnjvWp-hn\v \a-
kvIm-cw. \rknwl tZh A-bpsS Ir]-bm {_-kz-
cq-]hpw hnjvWp-kz-cq-]-hpw, inh kzcq-]hpw ANn-yhpw
Ahy-hpw A\-cw thZ-kz-cq-]-hp-amb {_w B-
kz-cq-]
- n Adn-bp-p.
14. XZv hnjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw kZm-]-iyn
kqcbx Znhoh Np-cm-XX- w.
15. XZzn-{]mtkm hn]-\ythm PmKy-hwkx kantX
hnjvtWm bXv ]caw ]Z-an-tXyXn hmWm \pim-
\-anXn tZhm-\p-im-k\ anXyp ]\n-j-Xv.
hnjvW-hns B ]c-a-]-Z s ]I-se-t- ]mse
kv]jvS- am-bn- m-Wp m\n- I {_-m\w {]m]nv
{_-n Xs ebn-p-p. CXp Xs-bmWv hnjvWp-
hns ]c-a] - Z- w. CXp-Xs
- -bmWv \nhm-Wm--I-amb
m\w CXpXs thZm-\p-im-k\w Fv D]-\n-j - v.
kvItm-]-\n-jv kam-]n-p.
 833

I K
1kzkw-
t h- t Zym- ]\- n- j v3

Hmw. kthjmw {]mWn-_pZv _pZm\mw \nc- AX-Gh kptacp ZmXmtcm hm

RvP\ - m-hy-m-arX \nt[m hneb hnemkx nXn tKmLvss\x ]pcm]m Kx kpcm-]m\w
hnPrw-`-tX. tXjm-tah ]p\`-h\w t\m Clm-kX v n.
]iy-tX-lsscx ]tcm-l - sscx hm
k bYm arXv ]nWvtU LSm\mw Xtm hSm\mw
Xssb-thXn `h- n. hkvXptXm t\m ]mZm-\ -aX Kpcp-]m-]-\njvssTx k]m-]\- njvssT
Gh t\m]mZ aX Gh \ \nan aX Gh \ kam-\kvX GtX ssX \
hnZym \ ]pcmWw t\m thZm-t\Xn lmkm CXn \ Kux \ {_mWx \ kpcm \
PK-ZnXn \ {_m t\m hnjvWpx \mY cpt{Zm-t\- ]iy-tm-lc \ ]tcm-l - cx \
iztcm \ _np \ ItaXn At{K-a-[ym-h-kmt\ Kpcp-]m-]m\n \ eLp-]m-]m\n aXw
k ssh bYm-h - nXw bYm-h - nX m\w
XnjvTmx AX Gh \ \nhmWw
tXjmw t\m `h-Xym-Ka ]pcm-tW-Xn-lmk [-
im-kvt{Xjp IrXm-`n-am-\m-kvtX. bm\n Xp apKv[- t\m \ncb CXn XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
X-c-ap\n i_vZh - mssNyx Poh-_p-Zv_pssZx cNn-Xm- ChnsS Am\w sImtm bYm-h-n-Xa - mb
\oXn `h X{X {]mamWyw XmZr-im-\m-ta-h. tX m\w-sImtm henb {]tbm-P\ - s- am-p-an-. k-bp-
XXz- m- t \- \ m- h rXmx kXy- t \\ K`m- k v X - Xpw k-bn-m--Xp-samw kXy-am-Wv. Fmw Ime
Zvt]yj tmtIm `h-Xn. XZ{X tmtIm `h-Xn. Im- -I hpw kz`m- h m- -I -h p- a m-I p- p. ]pWytam
{_-am-Ip Pem-i-b-n Pohn-I-fm-Ip Ipan-f- ]m]tam C. AXn-\m alm-tacp ]hXw Xs Zm\w
I Dmbn AXn Xs hnebw {]m]n-p-p. {]I-S- sNp--hcpw ]ip-m\w sNp--hcpw {_-l-Xy-m- c\pw
ambn kXy-ambn `hn-p-X - m-bn-o-cp- aZy-]m-\nbpw Kpcp-X-ev]i
- m-Wv. {_-eo-\a - m-bn-I-fp-samw Xp-ey-am-Wv. Fm-
-Xn\v ]noSv P\n-t Bh-iy-ap-m-Ip-n-. an\p h- c p- s Sbpw nXn Hp Xs. kI-eXpw Ime-h-ia - m-Wv.
ap-sIm-p-m-pv IpS-n\pw \qen\pw \qep-sIm-p- Bmhv CXn- s \ms D]- c n- b m- I p- p. {_- n
m- p hkv{X-n-\p- ap Ah-m-hn-ti- j-am- W.v Pohn- ]ipthm {_m-Wt\m aZy-]m-\ntbm Hp-an-. sNdnb
Ipw {_- n\pw Xn- e p- Xv B \ne-b n ]m]tam henb ]m]tam Hp-an-. tamtam \c-Itam
t\mptm hnZym-]p-cm-W-, CXn-lm-k- Ch- Hpw bYm-n-en-. CXv hy-hp-am-Wv.
bvsmpw imiz- X-amb k-bn- . As\ kqva-ambn XXz-m\w Kplmbw \nhnjvSw
Nnn-p-tm {_mthm hnjvWpthm Cuiz-ct\m Am-\n-Ir-Xa - mw krjvS hZn
_npthm Ietbm Hp-an-sv ImWmw. a[ym-h--
tX X{X km`n-am\mx ht ]pjv]n
bntem Aym-h--bntem Ahv bYm-h-n-Xn-X-amb
m\w e`n-p-n-. ImcWw Ah- BK-a--fnepw Xh-N-t\\ tamln-XmkvtX `h-n. k bYm-
]pcm-W - -fnepw CXn-lm-k- -fnepw [-im-kv {X-{K-- Xp-c m-`n-jKv {KlW Imte _mem AY-Yym-lnX
-fnepw A`n-am\w hln-p-I-am{Xw sNp-p. ap\n-I KpUm-Zn-\m. P\\ym hmZy-NrXm CXn \m\m tZhXm
F t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp shdpw Xp-_p-Zv_p-Z- Kpcp-I Xo \njv T m tX `h- n. tI
am{X-am-Wh- . ]WvUn-X-msc`n-am-\n-p Ah an- NnZzbw sshZnIm CXn hZ-n. \mt\y Akva-`yw.
hmdpw Am-\n-I Xs. hfsc {]bm-k-sv Ipsd tI NnZzbw kh-im-kv{Xm CXn. tI NnXv
{K--fnse Adn-hp-t\-Sp-p. ]t bYm-n hbw khm-\ p- {Kl hx tINn-Z zbw kz]v t \
Ah Am-\-n apgp-In--gn-bp-p. AXv hy-am- D]mky tZhXm `mjn-W. tI NnXv hbw tZhm CXn
p {]am-Wn-I-tm-Ia - p-v. kwKXn hy-am-Wv. tI NnXv hbw {inhZv cam caW \fn\ `rwKm CXn.
Cl tX\m-]y-m-t\\ t\m tI Nnp \rXy-p. tINnXv aqJm hbw ]c-a-
`w CXn. hZtm cpZtm ]Xn N. tbm tI
InnXv AY bYm-h-nX mt\\ InnXv N \ tX tI kth-]y-m-\n\x tX Xp m\n
t\Xn XZkvXn XZkvXn bmkvXn \mkvXn t\m `hn tb XXz- m\n \-ssX-j vXjmw
XXv Ime-Im--I-anZw kz`m-hm Iw tIm hntijx aX Gj tIjmw NnXv ssInZ
tNXn \ kpIrXw t\m ZpjvIrXw t`Zx aX Gh b{X hnc n hnjv W p cp{Zm
Cuiztc Kn Xss{Xh izm t\m KZ-`m.
N P
 834

I amPm-cm, {Ia-a aX Gh \m izm\ K`u Xs. Cmcyw {]kn--am-Wv.

K
[mX N \ Iranx t\mam \ a[yam \ PL\ym
\ X_vZx \ Inw i_vZx \ kth i_vZmx
XZ-t]yj tmtIm `h-Xn.
\ amXm t\m ]nXm \ _px\ Pmbm \ ]pt{Xm
XXz-m\w Hcp {]Im-c-n A-Im-cm-hr-Xa - m- \ an{Xw \ kth XYm ]n km[-ssI-cm kzcq-
Wv. Am-\n-I-fpsS ams AXv Nnetm sa- ]w. thZn-Xp-an--Zv`n Poh-p-app `nx kx tkhymx
sav ]d-bp-p. ImcW Ah Ah-cpsS am-n A`n- `mcym ]pt{Xm Krlw [\w khtX tZym tZbw
am\w sImp-p. apKv[-hN - --fm Ah tamln-X-cm- Im ssZzXw \ Imcyw `mh ssZzXw Imcyw \n-
- \
Ip- p. Fmw At\Iw tZh-XI Kpcp-- m k- tb\ khm ssZzXw I-hyw. Kpcu ssZzX-a-
Xo- XpSnbhsb {]Ion-p-p. D- ]iyw Imcyw. btXm \ Xkv a m Z\y- X v. tX\
X- m-\--fn-ep taml-amWv Chsc Hmtcmntev \bn- kanZw {]Im-in-Xw. tIm\yx XkvamXv ]cx kPo-
p-X - v. A-am Ipn-Isf sImv acpp IpSn-n-m h-ptm `h-Xn. k Poh-ptm `h-Xn. b Ghw
i-cbpw apw Xnm sImSp-m-sav {]tem-`n-n-p- thZ b Ghw thZ.
Itbm acpv a[p-c-]-Zm- s]mXnp sImSp-p-
AXv X- _Zv tam Inwi-_vZtam i_vZtam thsd GsX-
Xp t]msetbm BW-Xv. Nne sshZn-Ic - m-sWv ]d-
nepw i_vZtam A. A, A, ktlm-Z-c, `mcy,
bp-p. Nne X tZh-m-cpsS Ir]m-]m-{X--fm-sWv
]p{X, an{Xw, CsXm-p-an-. Fm km[- I-mv X-
]d-bp- p. kz]v\ -n X-fpsS D]m-ky-tZ-h-msc
fpsS bYm kzcq]w a\-n-em-m-\p B{K-l-ap--
ImWm Ign-n-p-sv Nne Ah-I m-i-s-Sp- p.
Xp-sIm-v, Poh-p-t-b - m k-\-sf tkhn-t-
Nne tZh-m-sc-tmse P\--fm ]qPn--s-Sp-p. alm-
-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. `mcy, ]p{X, _p, kI-eXpw ]c-
hn-jW
v p-hm-Ip Xma-c-bpsS tX \pI-cp hp-I-fmWv
am kmao- ]y- n-\mbn ssI shSn-tb--Xmbn hcpw. I-
X-sfv Nne ]d-bp-p. Nne `m-{K-Wn-I-sf \ne-
ssZz-X-a `mh-ssZz-Xa- mWv ssIsm-t-X - v. khm-
bn Ic-bp-p. \rw sNp-p. bYm-n Ch-
ssZzX `mh-amWv Bhiyw. AtX L-n ssZzX `mh
cn ]ecpw Am-\n-I-fm-Wv. m\n-I-sfpw XXz-
hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ImcWw Kpcp-ap-Jm- n-c-am-Wv. Cu
m-\n-Is - fpw ]d-bp Ch-cn BcmWv t{ijvT?
kwkm-c-sbpw ]c-{_--s-bp-samw ]q-ambn Adn-
Bcpw t{ijvT-m-c-s--XmWv ]c-amw. {_-hnjvWp
bm Ign-bp-- X.v bYm- n kZvKp-cp-hn-s\-m hep-
atlm-iz-c-mcpw IoS-fpw sNsp-Xv Htc m\-
Xmbn Hp-an-. Cu XXzw icnp a\-n-em-p-h -
m-sW-p--Xm-W.v ]c-amw. ]n-bm-bmepw Igp-X-bm-
Poh-p--\m-bn-o-cp-p.
bmepw IoS-am-bmepw kam\w Xs. Fmw D-a--
kzkw-th-tZym-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.

1 kh-k-tcm-]-\n-jv 3

imn- ] mTw t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I t\S-s. R-fpsS A[y-b\w

Hmw. kl-\m-h-h-Xp. kl \u `p\-p. kl- tXP-kzn-bm-I-s. R ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-m-\n-S-h-cm-
hocyw Ic-hm-hs
- sl. tXP-kzn-\m-h-[o-X-a-kvXp. am Xn-cn-s
- . Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
hnZzn jmh ssl. Hmw imnx imnx imnx 1. Hmw _x IYw? tamx Im? hnZym Im
]c-{_w Kpcp-in-jy-m-cmb R- cp-t]-scbpw hntZyXn? Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vX w Xpcobw
cn--s. R cp- t]-scbpw ]cn-]m-en--s. R N I Y w? A - a bx {] mW - a tbm at\ m- a tbm
- . R cp- hnm\ abx B\ abx IYw? Im Pohx
cp-t]cpw Hcp-anv Ign-hp-I ]men-s
N P

I t{Xx kmo IpStm cymao IYw?
{]Xym-Km-m ]c-amm ambm tNXn IYw?
_w FmWv? tamw FmWv? hnZy AhnZy
Ch FmWv? Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Xpcobw Fo
\mev Ah--I-sf-mWv? A-abw {]mW-a-bw, at\m-a-
bw, hnm-\a - b
- w, B\--abw Fo Ap tImi--
sf-mWv? Imhv Poh t{X-, kmn, IqS-
A- cyman Ch-bpsS A-sa-mWv? AXp-t]mse
Pohm-m-hv, ]c-am-mhv amb Cu XXz--sf-mWv?
2. Bt-iztcm \mt\m tZlm Zo\m tXz\m-
`n-a\y tX tkm`nam\ Bt\m _-kvX - n-
hr- n tam-k vX -Z -`n-a m\w Imc-bXn bm km
hnZymtkm `namt\m bbmZn \nhtX km
hnZym
Cuiz-c\pw Poh\pw BmhpXs-sb-nepw GsXm-
mtWm Bm-h - m-Xv A-s\-bp ico-c-n
Poh\v Rms\ `mhw Dm-Ip-p. AXp-X-s-bmWv
Pohs _\w Cu Alw- ` mhw \in- p-I - b mWv
tamw. Cu Alw-`mhw krjvSn-p-Xv Ahn-Zy-bm-Ip-
p. hnZy-sImv Cu Alw-`mhw Cm-Xm-Ipw.
3. a\ BZn NXp Zi ImcssWx ]pjvIsse cmZn-
Xym- Z y\p KrlossXx i_v Z m- Z o hnj- b m
pem\y tZm]m-e-`tX XZm-t- \m-Pm-Kc - -Ww. XZzm-
k\m cln-X - -Xp`nx IcssWx i_vZmZy `mth
]n hmk-\m-a-bm i_vZm-Zo-\ytZm ]e-`ytX XZm-
\x kz]v\ w NXpZ-i -I -c tWm ]c-a m-Z zn-tij
hn m- \ m- ` m- h m- Z yZm XZm- \x kpjp- ] v X w,
Ahm{Xb `mhm-Zv, `mh-kmn kzbw `mhm-`m-
hc lnXw ss\c-cyw ssNIyw bZm XZm Xp-
cobw ssNX-\y-an-Xyp-Ny-tX.
Bm-hns Pm{K-Z-h Fp ]d-bp--X,v kqcy-Zn-
tZ-h-m-cpsS in-bm a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-m-
cw, ]v C{n-b- Fn-s\ ]Xn-mep Imc-W--
fm Bmhv GXv Ah--bn-emtWm i_vZ-kv]imZn
qe-hn-jb - - {Kln-p-Xv AXp Xs. i_vZm-Zn-
q-e-hn-j- -fn-s-nepw Pm{K-Zm-h-- bn tijn hmk-
\-I \nanw a\p XpS-nb ]Xn-mep Ic-W-
aptJ\ i_vZm-Zn-hm-k\m hnj-b-sf Poh {Kln-p-
p. apv kqNn-n ]Xn-mev C{n-b-fpw im-am-bn-
o- Xn- \p- tijw GsXm- c-h-- bn- emtWm hntijm
\-lo-\-X-bm i_vZmZn hnj-b-sf {Kln-m-Xn-cp-Xv
B ka-b-p Bm-hns Ah-sb kpjp]vXn
Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu aqv Ah-I - -fp-sSbpw Dev]-m-
ebw Fnh Adn-bp-Xpw kzbw Dev]-m-ebw Fn-
hbvv \nc-cw AXo-X-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw \nXy-kmn
ssNX-\y-ambncnp-X - mWv Xpcob ssNX-\yw. B Ah-
bvv Xpco-b-sav ]d-bp-p.
N P
835
4. A ImcymWmw jmw tImim-\ mw. kaq- K
tlmabx tImix CXyp-Ny-tX. {]mWmZn NXp
Zi hmbp-t`Zm A-ab tImti bZm ht
XZm {]mW abx tImti CXyp-Ny-tX. GXXv tImi-
Zzb kwbptm a\x BZn NXp`nx IcssWx
Bm i_vZmZn hnj-bm k-ev]mZn [m-\yZm
ItcmXn XZm at\m-abx tImi CXyp-NytXx GXXv
tImi-{Xb kwbp kvXZvKX hntijm hnti-
jtm bZmh `mktX XZm-h n- m\ abx
tImix CXy-Nyp-tX. GXZv tImi-NX
- p-jSv bw kzIm-
c-W-mt\ hS IWn-Im-bm-an-h-Kp]vX hS-hrtm
bZm htX XZm-\--abx tImi CXyp-Ny-tX.
A-a-b-tIm-is
- ap ]d-bp-Xv A-m Dm-
Ip tImi--fpsS kaq-l-cq-]-amb ico-csbmWv.
{]mW XpS-nb ]Xn-mep hmbp- Cu A-a-b-
tIm-i-n IqSn k-cn-p-tm AXns\ {]mW-ab
tImi-sav ]d-bp-p. cp-tIm-i--fp-sSbpw Dn Ign-
bp a\v XpS-nb ]Xn-mep Ic-W- aptJ\
Bmhv i_vZmZn hnj-b--sf-p-dnv Nnn-p-tm
AXns\ "at\m-a-b-tImiw' Fv ]d-bpw. Cu aqp tImi-
-tfmSpw IqSn-tv Bmhv _pn-sImv Nne-sXmw
Adn-bp-p. Cu _pn-a-b-kz-cq-]s hnm-\-ab tImi-
sav ]d-bp-p. apI-fn kqNn-n \mep tImi--tfm-
Sp-IqSn Bmhv Ac-bm-ens Ipcp-hn KqV-ambn nXn-
sN-p t]cm acw t]mse kzIm-cWw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-
p-tm Dm-Ip Ah-sb B\--a-b-tIm-i-sav
hyh-l-cn-p-p.
5. kpJ-ZpxJ _pym-{itbm tZlmx Im-bZm
XtZjvS hnjtb _pn kpJ-_pnx c\n-jvS-hn-
jtb _pn ZpxJ-_pnx i_vZk - v]i cq]-ck- -
Kmx kpJ ZpxJ tlXhx ]pWy ]m]-Im-\p-
km-co-`qXzm {]m]vX ico-c -k- ntbm-K-a-{]m]vX
ico-c-tbm-Ka
- nh IphmtWm bZm-Zr-iyt XtZm-]-
lnX Xzm oh CXyp-Ny-tX.
kpJw, ZpxJw Ch-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn Dn cpNn-I-c-
amb hkvXp-hn-s\--n-bp B{K-l-amWv kpJ-_p-n.
Acp-Nn-I-c--fmb hkvXp-k--ev]a- mWv ZpxJ-_p-n-kp-J-
{]m-]vXnpw ZpxJ-\n-hm-cW
-
- n\pw thn Poh ]e
I-fpw A\p-jvTn-pp AXp \nanw AXns\
Imhv Fp ]d-bp-p. i_vZw, kv]iw, Kw, cq]w,
ckw Fo Ap-hn-j-b-sf A\p-k-cn-p Bmhv
{]m]n ico-c-kw-tbm-Ks A{]m-]vX-sa \ne-bn Icp-
Xp-p. Atm AXns\ D]m-[n-ap Poh Fv ]d-
bp-p.
6. a\ BZn {]mWm-Zn--k-Xym-Zn Cm-Zn--
]p-Wym-Zn-sstX ]-hmx CtXy-tcm-jmw-]--
hm-Wmw-[o `qXm m\m-Zr-tX\ hn\-

I iyXn B-k-n-[u-\n-Xy-tXz\ {]Xob am\
Btm-]m-[n-cy-kvX-nwKw icocw lrZv{K-n-cn-Xyp- \ anXyp-Ny-tX. B\tm \ma kpJ ssNX\y
Nyp-tX-X {X bXv {]Im-i tX ssNX\yw kt- kzcqt]m A]-cn-an-Xm-\ kapt{Zm hninjvS kpJ-
{X CXyp-NyptX
a\v XpS-n-b-hbpw {]mW XpS-n-b-hbpw kXzm-
Zn-Ifpw Cm-Zn-Ifpw ]pWym-Zn-Ifpw Ch-bpsS ]-k-aq-
ls ]-hw Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu ]-h [-
tmSp IqSn-b-h\ - mbn Pohm-mhv Adn-bmsX Xs
AXn \nv tamN\w t\Sm i-am-Ip-n-. Bm-
hn-t\mSp tNn-cn-p-p. Fv tXmn-p a\v XpS-
nb kqva-X-Xz--fpsS D]m-[nsb enwK-i-co-c-sav ]d-
bp-p. AXp-Xs lrZ-b-{K-n. AXn-\p-n-ep ssNX-
\ys t{X- Fv ]d-bp-p.
7. mXr-m-\-t-bm\m am hn `mh Xntcm tX.
`mh- mXm kzb- t ahm hn `mh Xntcm- ` mh
lo\x kzbw tPymXox kx kmo- X yp- N ytX
{_mZn ]n]o-enIm ]cyw kh-{]mWn _pnjz
hnin- j v S - X tbm ]e- ` y- a m\x kh {]mWn- _ p-
nt bZm XZm IqS CXyp-Ny-tX. IpS-m- m\-ssN-X\y kzcq-]\
Zyp-]l
- nX t`Zm\mw kzcq-]e - m-`-tl-Xp `qXzm-aWn
KW kq{X-anh kh t{X-jzn\p kyqX-tXz\
bZm {]Im- i X Bm- X - Z m- - c ym- a o- X yp- N yp- tX.
kthm-]m[n hn\n apx kph-hZ- zn-m\
L\- n- m- { X- k z- c q] B m kzX- t {m- b Zm
h`mktX XZmXzw ]Zmx {]Xy-Kmt XypNy-
tX.
Adn--h; Adn-hv, Adn-tb-Xv Ch-bpsS Dev]-
n-em-bm-Zn-I Adn-npw kzbw Dev]-n-eb - -c-ln-X-
am-bn-cn-p Bm-hns\ kmn Fv ]d-bp-p. {_m-
hp-ap-X Ddp-p-h-sc-bp kh Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw _pn-
bn \nh-kn-p-Xpw Ah-bpsS qe-kq-a v mZn tZl-
n\v \miw Dm-Ip-tm Ftm _mn-bp-sv
tXmp--Xp-amWv IqS- -s\v ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. IqS-
XpS-nb D]m[n t`Z--fn \nv kzcq]w Adn-bm
Fm ico-c-fpw Nc-Sn app-I t]mse tIm-s-
n-cn-p Bm-hns\ A-cym-an-sbv ]d-bp-p. kIe
D]m-[n-If - n \nv ap-ambpw kzw t]mse hnm-
\-{]-Im-i-I-am-bn-cpv NnXv kzcq-]-am-bn-cn-p Bmhv
kzX-{-ambn {]Im-in-p-tm Xze-_vZ hzmNyamb
{]Xy-Km-m-shv ]d-bpw.
6. kXyw m\-a -\ - -am-\ w {_ kXy-a -h n-
\min \ma-tZi Ime-hkvXp \nan-tjp hn\-iyXv
kp b hn\-i yXy Ahn-\ in XXv kXy-a nXyp
NytX. m\- a m- X yp- e v ] n hn\m- i - c - l nXw
ssNX\yw m\-anXy `n[o-b-tX. A\w \ma-
ar- Z zo- I m- t cjp arZn h kph hnIm- t cjp
kph-anh Xp-Im-tcjp Xp-cnhm hymZn
N P
836
krjvSn {]]-tjp ]qhw hym]Iw ssNX-\y-a- K
cq-]- m-\ CXyp-Ny-tX. GX ZzkvXp NXp-jvSbw
bky eWw tZk- I m-e - h kv X p \nan- t jp
Ahy-`n-Nmcn k XXv ]Zmx ]c-am-m-]cw {_-
tXy-NytX Xzw ]ZmZu ]m[n-Im-Xv ]Zm
Zu]m- [ nIm Zzne- W BIm- i - h Xv kh- K Xx
kqva x tIhex km-amt{Xm kn ]Zmx
kzbw tPymXn cm-Xyp-NytX XXv ]Zm-m-
t-Xyp-Ny-tX. A\m-Znc hn-{]-amWm {]amW
km[m-cWm \ kXo-\m-kXo \ kZ-kXn kzb-a-
hn-Im-cm-Zzn-Im-c-tlXu \ncq-]y-amtW AkXn A\n-
cq-]y-amtW kXn e-W-iq\ym km amtb-Xyp-Ny-
kXyw, m\w, A\-w, B\w Cu kzcq-]-am-
h\pw kI-tem-]m[n cln-X\pw ISIw aIpSw XpS-nb
D]m-[n-sbm-p-an-m--h\pw tIhew kzw t]mse
- p-am-bn-cn-p Bmhv `mk-
am-\-am-bn-cn-p-tm "Xzw' F t]cn-\m Adn-b-s-Sp-
p. {_w kXyhpw A\-hpw m\-kz-cq-]h - p-am-Wv.
Ahn-\m-in-bm-b-Xns\ kXy-sav ]d-bp-p. tZiw, Imew
hkvXp, \nanw Ch \in-mepw bmsXmv \in-p-I-
bn-. AXns\ Ahn-\m-insbv ]d-bp-p. Dev]-n-ebw
XpS-nb Cm-Xpw \nXy ssNX-\y-hp-amb HmWv
m\w. ap-sImp Xo-IpSw apX-em-b-hb - n ap-
t]m- sebpw B`-c-W--fn kz- sa- -t]m-sebpw hkv{X-
-fn \qev F-t]m-sebpw Fm krjvSn-bnepw ]q-
ambpw hym]-I-ambpw Ccn-p ssNX\yw A\--sav
]d-b-s-Sp-p. GsXmv kpJ-a-b-ssN-X\y kzcq-]hpw
Ccn-p AXv ]c-am-\w Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. kXy,
m\w, A\-w, B\w Fo \mep hkvXp-fpw
BcpsS e-W- am-Wv. tZiw, Imew, hkvXp FnhIfm
GsXmv ]cn-h\ hnt[-b-am-Ip-n-, AXp Xs-
bmWv XXv ]Zm-satm ]c-am-m-shtm ]d-b-s-Sp-
-Xv. "Xzw' Fpw "XXv' Fpw D cp ]Zm-fpw
tkm]m-[n-Ia - mb t`Z--fn\npw hn`n--amb BIm-i-
s-tmse kpkq-vahpw tIh-e-kz-cq-]h - p-amb XXzw
]c-{_w Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. A\m-Zn-bm-sW-nepw A-
ap-Xpw Ak--m-Xpw kZvk--m-Xpw kzbw
G-hp-a-[nIw hnIm-c-c-ln-Xa
- mbn ImW-s-Sp-- Xp-amb
in-bmWv amb.
Am\w Xpm ]y kXn Ime-{Xtb ]n
]ma-cmWmw hmkvXho N kXzm _pn euIn-Im-
\m-an-Z-anXy \nh-N-\obm hpw \ iIy-tX.
CXp-t]m-se-b-msX ap-hn-[
- n AXns\ hn-
m hnj-a-am-Wv. amb Am-\-cq-]hpw Xphpw anYy-
bp-am-sW-nepw ]ma-c-mv {XnIm-e--fnepw hmkvX-h-

I ambn tXmp--Xm-W.v AXp-sImv AXns kzcq]w Cu
hn[-sav ]dv AXns kz`mhw a\-n-emn sImSp-
m {]bm-k-am-W.v
9. ss\hw `hm-aylw tZtlm-t\-{n-bmWn Zssih
Xp\ _pn \a\x iiz-m-l-mc kvX ssYh N
10. A{]m-tWm-l y-a \x ipt{`m-_ p-ym-Z o\mw ln
kh-Zm-km-ylw khZm \nXy-n-mt{Xw lw
\ kwibx
11. \mlw Im ss\h t`mm-{]-IrtXx kmo
cq]Imx aXv kmn-[yXv {]ht tZlymZym
APUm Ch.
Rm P\n-p-n-. Rm tZltam ]v C{n-b-
tfm _pntbm a\tm A. \nXym-l-m-c-hp- a-. Rm
A{]m-W\pw Ah-\k - vI \pw ip kzcq-] -\p-a m-Ip-p;
Rm _pn XpS-n-b-hv kmnbpw kZm Nn-kz-
cq-]-\ p-a m-Wv . CXn kwi-b-a n- . Rm Imthm
t`mmthm A tIhew {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kmn-am-{Xw.
Fs kmao-]y-m tZlm-Zn-Iv ssNX-\y-ns
{]Xo-Xn-bp-m-Ipp. Fs kmn-[y-m tZlm-Zn-I
P]--f - m hn[w {]hn-p-p.
12. mWp \nXyx kZm-\x iptm m\-a-
tbm-aex Blw kh-`q-Xm\mw hn`px kmn
1 lwtkm-]-\n-jv
imn ]mTw
Hmw. ]q-aZx ]q-anZw ]qmXv ]q-
ap-Z-Ny-tX. ]qky ]q-am-Zmb ]q-ta-hmh
injy-tX. Hmw. imnx imnx imnx
Hmw. Cu {_w ]q-am-Ip-p. Cu PKv ]q-
am-Ip-p. Cu ]q-{_--n \np-amWv Cu ]q-
{]-]w Dm-bn-p- -X.v Cu ]q {_-n\nv Cu
]q-{]-]-s FSp-mepw ]q-{_w Xs-bm-
W-h-ti-jn-p--X.v
N P
837
\ kwibx K
13. {_ss-hmlw kh thZm thZyw
\mlw thZyw thyma-hm-Xm-Zn-cq]w cq]w \mlw
\ma \mlw \ I {_ss-hmlw
kn-Zm-\ cq]w
14. \mlw tZmtlm P-arXyp IptXmta
\mlw {]mWx pXv ]m]-tk-IptXm ta\mlw
tNXx tkmI-tamlu IptXm ta
\mlw Im _tam uIp-tXm-ta.
CXyp-]-\n-j Xv
Rm kvYmWphpw \nXy\pw kZm-\-\pw ip\pw
m\-a -b\pw Aa-e\pw kh-`q-X- pw hn`phpw
\n-e-\p-amb Bm-hmWv Rm. BImiw hmbp Fn-
h-sb-tmse Rm Adn-b-s-Sp hkvXp-h - . Rm
cq]tam \matam Iatam A. tIhew kn-Zm-\ kzcq-
]-amb {_-am-Ip-p. Rm tZl-a-, F\nv P\-\hpw
ac-Whpw FhnsS?
Rm {]mW-\-, F\nv hnipw Zmlhpw Fhn-sS-
bmWv? Rm tNX- - . F\nv timI-t am-l -
FhnsS? Rm Im-h F\nv _-tam--s - f-
hnsS?
kh-km-t cm-]\
- n-jv kam-]n-p.
3
1. Hmw. KuXa DhmN ""`K-h kh [-,
kh-im-kv{X-hn-im-cZ {_-hnZym {]t_mt[mln-
tIt\m ]mtb\ Pmb-tX.
k\-p-Pm-X-t\mSv KuX-a ]dp: ""`K-hm-s\,
Av kIe [--fp-sSbpw aw [cn-n-ph\pw
kIe imkv{X-- fnepw ]WvUn-X-\p-am-W- tm. {_ hnZym-
m\w GXp D]mbw sImv km[n-m-sav F\np
]dp Xc-Ww.''
 838

I 2. k\Xv kpPmX DhmN hnNmcy kh thtZjp tbmtcI hnwiXn kl-{kmWn jSv iXm-\yZn Im\n K
aXw mXzm ]n\m-In\x ]mhXym IYnXw XXzw `h- n.
irWp KuXa X-a.
kqcymb tkmamb \nc-RvP-\mb \ncm-`m-kmb
k\Xv kpPm-X ]dp:- "kIe thZ--fp-sSbpw X\p kqva x {]tNm-Z-bm-ZnXn Ao-tjm-am`ymw
A`n-{]m-b-ad
- nv inh ]mh-Xn-p-]t- Z-inp sImSp huj-Svlr-Zm-ZywK \ymk-Ic
- \ym ku `hXx Ghw
Imcy- Rm ]d-bmw. tIpw.' IrXzm lrZtb jvSZtf lwkm-m\w [ymtb-Xv.
3. A\m-tJym-b-anZw Kplyw tbmKn\mw tImik- Ao- t jm- a u- ] m HmwImc intcm- _ np
n`w lwkky KXn-hn-kvXmcw `pn apn ^e- kvXp t\{Xw apJw cpt{Zm-cp-{ZmWo Nc-Wu-_mlp
{]-Zw. Imem-m-n-tmt` ]mtiz `hXx Gtjmku
]c- a - l w- tkm- `m\p tImSn-{ ]- X n- I mtim tbt\Zw
cl-ky-amb CXv Atbm-Kyv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m-hp-
hym]vX w. Xkym-jvS-hn[m hrn `h-Xn, ]qh-
-X-. tbmKn-Iv \n[n-t]m-se-bmWv CXv. lwk-ns
Zte ]ptWy-a Xnx Bttb \n{Zm-e -k ym-Z tbm
AXm-bXv Bm-hns KXn hnK-Xn-Is - f-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-
`hn bmtay {Iqtc aXw ss\x EtXy ]mt]
p Cu hnZy `n-apn {]Zm-bn-\n-bm-Wv.
a\ojm hmcpWymw {IoUm hmbthy Ka\m Zu
4. AY lwk ]c-a-lwk \nbw hymJym-kymax _pnx kutay cXnx {]oXnx Cuimt\ {Zhym-Zm\w
{_- N m- c ntW immb Zmmb Kpcp- ` - mb at[y sshcmKyw tIktc Pm{K-Z -hm I-
lwk lwtkXn kZm Abw kthjp tZtljp Imbmw kz]v\w enwtK kpjp]vXnx ]-X ymtK
hym]v X m- h - t X. bYm- h ynx Imjv t Tjv T Xpcobw bZm lwtkm \mtZ eot\m `hXn XZm
Xntejp ssXe-anh Xw hnZnXzm arXyp atXy-Xn. Xpcym-Xo-X-ap-\ - -\-a-P-t]m] kwlm-c-an-Xy`n [ob-
C\n lwk ]c-al - wk \n-b-s-n N \S- tX, Ghw khw lwk-h-im-k - vam-t\m hnNm-
mw. {_-Nm-cnbpw im\pw PntX-n-b\pw Kpcp-`-- cy- t X.
\p-am-b-hs apn lwk-]-ca- l
- wk cl-ky- {]I- ChnsS lwkw Ejnbpw Ahy--Km-b{Xn Opw
Sn-n-p-Ib
- mWpNnXw. kakvX ico-c-nepw Cu Poh tZhX ]c-al - w-khpw Alw-_oP cq]hpw kp in
"lwkw' "lwkw' Fp P]n-p-sImv hnd-In Xosb cq]hpw tkmlw Ioe-I-hp-am-Ip-p. Cs\ Cu Bdp
t]msebpw Fn F-sb t]msebpw hym]n-n-cn- kwJy-ap-tJ\ Hcp cmhpw ]Iepw Ccp-]-n-Hm-cm-bn-cn
p-p. Cu clkyw Adn-bp--h arXyp-hns\ AXn-ew- Adp-\qdp {]mhiyw izkn--s-Sp-p. kqcymb tkmam-
Ln-p-p. b, \nc-RvP\ - m-b, \ncm-`m-km-b, X\p kqvax {]tNm-Z-
5. KpZ-ta-h-j p`y B[m-c m-Z zm-bp-a pm ]ykzm-[ n- bm-X, CXn Ao-tjm-am`ymw hujS F a{w P]n-p-
jvTm\w {Xnx {]Z-nWo IrXy aWn-]q-cIw KXzm sImv lrZbw XpS-nb AwK--fp- sSbpw Ic-- fp-sSbpw
A\m- l - X - a - X n- { Iay hnipu {]mWm- n- c p[y \ymkw sN-Ww. AXn\p tijw AjvS-Z-f-tmSp IqSnb
Bm-a-\ p-[ ym-b {_-c{w \ymb {Xnam- lrZ-b-I-a-e - n lwkm-m-hns\ [ym\n--Ww. An
t{XmlantXyhw kh-Zm-[ym-b tYm \mZ-am-[m- bpw tkma\pw Cu lwk-ns ]- - fm- Ip- p. Hmmcw
cmXv _ln {_ c{ ]cyw ip-kv^-Sn-I- akvXI - hpw _np-t\-{Xhpw cp{Z apJhpw cp{ZmWn Ccp-
k-miw k ssh {_ ]c-amt XypNy-tX. N-c-W-fpw Imepw cp ssIIfpw An Ccp-]miz--
fp-am-Ip-p. kKp-Whpw \nKp-Whpw cp ]miz--fm-
KpZs BIjnv B[mc N{I-nse hmbp-hns\ Wv. C-s\-bp ]c-a-lwkw tImSn kqcy\p kaw {]Im-
shfn-bn-tev hnSp-I. ]ns kzm[n-jvTm\ N{Is aqp i-hpw kh-hym-]n-bp-am-Wv. AXns hrn-I Fp-
{]Z-nWw shbvp-I. aWn ]qc-N-{I-n t]mbn A\m- hn-[- n-em-Wv. Cu Fs- - nepw AXv ]qh-Zn-ib- n
l-X-N{Iw AXn-{I-an-W - w. A\-cw hnip--N{- I-n nXn-sN-p-tm \n{Zbpw Be-kyhpw Dm-Ip-p.
{]mW- \ntcm-[nv Bm-N{Iw [ym\n-p-sImv Zn-W-Zn-i-bn nXn-sN-p-tm {Iqc-X-bn a\v
{_-c-{s [ym\n- -W w. Cs\ {Xnam-{X-\mb hym]-cn-p-p. \ncrXn tImWn-em-bn-cn-ptm _pn
Bmhv Rm Xs BsWv k-ev]n-p-d-m kz- ]mt]m-p-J-am-Ip-p. ]naZn-i-bn-em-Ip-tm {IoUbpw
kv^-SnI km-k-amb Bm-hns A\p-`qXn Dm-Ip- hmbp tImWn-em-bn-cn-p-tm km-c-Iu-Xp-Ihpw Dm-
sav ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Ip-p. hSp Znn-em-Ip-tm hnj-bm-`n-cp-Nn-b m-Wv.
6. AY lwk Ejnx Ahy--Km-b{Xn Ox ]c-a- Cuim-\-n {]hrn; a[y-n-em-Ip-tm sFlnI
lwtkm tZhXm Al-anX _oPw, k CXn inx ]mc-{XnI Imcy- -fn sshcmKyw Ch Dm-Ip-p. lwkm-
tkma-la
- nXn Ioe-Iw. jSvkw-Jybm Atlm-cm{X -I-amb Cu Bmhv lrZ-b-Ia - -e-ns tIk-c-n-en-

N P

I cn-p-tm Pm{K-Z-h; I-Ib- n-em-bn-cns kz]v\m-
h; a[y-m-\ - m-bn-cns kpjp]vXn; lrZ-b-I-aew
shSn-bp-tm Xpco-bm-h A\p-`-hs- -Spw. AXv \mZ-
n ebn-p-tm Xpco-bm-Xo-X, D-\, AP-t]m-]-
kw-lm-c Fo t]cp-I-fn Adn-b-s-Sp-. Cs\
lwk-n\v Fm `mh--fp-ap-v. AXn\v a\-n Nnm-
i-nbpw kw`-hn-p-p.
7. k "Gh' P] tImSyw \mZ-a\p `hXn Ghw
khw lwk- h -i m- mtZm Zi- h nt[m Pbm- t X,
NnWoXn {]Yax Nnn-WoXn ZznXob-x Lm-\m-Z-
kvX r-X obx iwJ-\ m-Z Xpx ]a kv{Xo
\mZx jjvT-kvXme \mZx k]vXtam thWp-\mZx
Ajv Stam arZw-K-\mZx \htam t`co-\mZx Zitam
taL-\mZx \haw ]cn-XyPy Zita ta hm`y-tk-Xv.
Cu lwkw tImSn P]n-p-tm AXn\v \mZ- ns
A\p-`-h-ap-m-Ip-p. Cu kIe \mZ-fpw lwk-n-\-
[o-\-am-W.v Ah ]p-hn- [-am-W.v Hm-a-tXv NnWn; cm-
a-tXv NnnWn; aqm-a-tXv Lm-\mZw; \mem-a-
tXv iwJ-\mZw; Am-at- Xv X{o-\mZw; Bdm-a-
tXv Xmf-\mZw; Ggm-a-tXv thWp-\mZw; Fm-a-tXv
arZw-K-\mZw H]-Xm-at- Xv t`co-\mZw; ]m-at- Xv
taL -\mZw; Ch-bn BZys H]Xpw Dt]-nv
]m-a-tXv am{Xw A`y-kn-W - w.
N P
839
8. {]Ya NnnWn Km{Xw ZznXotb Km{X `RvP\w K
XrXotb tJZ\w bmXn NXpt ItX incx
]ta {khtX Xmep-j -j vT - arX \ntj-h- w.
k]vXta KqV-hn-m\w ]cm hmNm-X-Ym-jvSta
AZriyw \hta tZlw Znhy Np-m-aew Ziaw
]caw {_ `thXv {_m kn[u Xkvan
at\m hneo-btX a\kn k-ev]h - n-Ievt] ZKvt[
]pWy-] mt] kZm-i nhx iymm kh-{Xm-h -
nXx kzbw tPymXn iptm _ptm \ntXym
\nc-RvP\x imx {]Im-iX CXn. Hmw. thZ-{]-h-
N\w thZ {]h-N\
- a
- n-Xn.
Hm-as \mZ-{]-`m-h-m icocw Npdp-Np-dp-p-
-Xm-bn-o-cpw. cm-a-t-Xn-\m Km{X-`wKw kw`-hn-
pw. aqm-a-t-Xn-\m hnbp-m-Ipw. \mem-at- -Xn-
\m incx-I-\w; Am-at- -Xn-\m Xmep-hn \nv
{kmhw; Bdm-a-t-Xn Aar-X-hjw; Ggm-at- -Xn
KpV-hn-m\w; Fn ]cm-hmNw; H]-Xn icocw
AZr-iy-am-m- \p Ignhv; AtXmsS Znhy-Zr-jvSn- bpw. ]m-
a-t-Xn-\m ]c-{_--m-\w. Atm a\v lwk-
n ebn-p-p. kev] hnI-ev]- a\-n hnebw
{]m]n-m ]m] ]pWy-\miw; Atm lwkw kZm-inh-
cq-]n-bm-bn, kzbw tPymXnx kzcq-]a - mbn \nXy-\n-cR
- vP\
- -
ambn {]mIm-i-a-b-am- bn-o-cp- p-shv thZ-n ]d-bp- p.
lwtkm-]\ - n-jv kam-]n-p.