o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH.

Le Xuan Hai

Li noi au

Ngay nay, cong nghiep san xuat hoa chat la mot nganh cong nghiep quan trong anh
hng en nhieu nganh khac. Mot trong nhng san pham c quan tam san xuat kha
nhieu la Kali hydroxyt (KOH) do kha nang s dung rong rai cua no. Trong qui trnh san
xuat KOH, qua trnh co ac thng c s dung e thu c dung dch KOH co nong
o cao, thoa man nhu cau s dung a dang va tiet kiem chi ph van chuyen, ton tr.

Nhiem vu cu the cua o an mon hoc nay la thiet ke he thong co ac chan khong
gian oan dung dch KOH t nong o 25% en nong o 40%, nang suat 2.5m3/me, s
dung ong chum.

Co the noi thc hien o an mon hoc la mot c hoi tot cho sinh vien on lai toan bo cac
kien thc a hoc ve cac qua trnh va cong nghe hoa hoc. Ngoai ra ay con la dp ma
sinh vien co the tiep can vi thc te thong qua viec la chon, tnh toan va thiet ke cac
chi tiet cua mot thiet b vi cac so lieu rat cu the va rat thc te.

Tuy nhien v con la sinh vien nen kien thc thc te con han hep do o trong qua trnh
thc hien o an kho co the tranh c thieu xot. Em rat mong c s gop y va ch dan
cua thay co va ban be e co them nhieu kien thc chuyen mon.

o an nay c thc hien di s giup va hng dan trc tiep cua thay Le Xuan
Hai, va cac thay co bo mon May va Thiet B khoa Cong nghe Hoa hoc va Dau kh
trng ai hoc Bach khoa thanh pho Ho Ch Minh. Em xin chan thanh cam n thay Le
Xuan Hai va cac thay co khac cung nh cac ban be a giup em trong qua trnh thc
hien o an.

SVTH : trang 1
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

CHNG I. GII THIEU TONG QUAN

I. NHIEM VU CUA O AN
Nhiem vu cu the cua o an mon hoc nay la thiet ke he thong co ac chan khong gian
oan dung dch KOH t nong o 25% en nong o 40%, nang suat 2.5m3/me, s dung
ong chum.

II. TNH CHAT NGUYEN LIEU

- KOH la mot khoi tinh the trong suot, mau trang, an da manh.
- Nhiet o nong chay la 360.40C (khan).
- Nhiet o soi la 13250C (khan).
- o nht la 1.63 Cp 200C (dung dch 20%).
- No hap thu manh hi am va CO2 cua khong kh, de chay ra thanh K2CO3. KOH de
dang tan trong nc, toa nhieu nhiet tao dung dch KOH (dang dung dch c s dung
nhieu). Ap suat hi cua nc tren KOH nhiet o phong la 0.002 mmHg

III. CO AC
1. nh ngha
Co ac la phng phap thng dung e lam tang nong o mot cau t nao o trong
dung dch hai hay nhieu cau t. Tuy theo tnh chat cua cau t kho bay hi (hay khong
bay hi trong qua trnh o) ta co the tach mot phan dung moi (cau t de bay hi hn)
bang phng phap nhiet hay bang phng phap lam lanh ket tinh.
Co ac la qua trnh lam tang nong o cua chat ran hoa tan trong dung dch bang cach
tach bt mot phan dung moi qua dang hi.

2. Cac phng phap co ac

Phng phap nhiet (un nong): dung moi chuyen t trang thai long sang trang thai
hi di tac dung cua nhiet khi ap suat rieng phan cua no bang ap suat tac dung len mat
thoang chat long.
Phng phap lanh: khi ha thap nhiet o en mot mc nao o th mot cau t se tach ra
dang tinh the n chat tinh khiet, thng la ket tinh dung moi e tang nong o chat
tan.Tuy tnh chat cau t va ap suat ben ngoai tac dung len mat thoang ma qua trnh ket
tinh o xay ra nhiet o cao hay thap va oi khi phai dung en may lanh.

SVTH : trang 2
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

3. Phan loai va ng dung

a. Theo cau tao
Nhom 1: dung dch oi lu t nhien (tuan hoan t nhien) dung co ac dung dch kha
loang, o nht thap, am bao s tuan hoan t nhien cua dung dch de dang qua be mat
truyen nhiet. Gom:
- Co buong ot trong (ong truc buong boc), co the co ong tuan hoan trong
hoac ngoai.
- Co buong ot ngoai ( khong ong truc buong boc).
Nhom 2: dung dch oi lu cng bc, dung bm e tao van toc dung dch t 1,5 - 3,5
m/s tai be mat truyen nhiet. Co u iem: tang cng he so truyen nhiet, dung cho dung
dch ac set, o nht cao, giam bam can, ket tinh tren be mat truyen nhiet. Gom:
- Co buong ot trong, ong tuan hoan ngoai.
- Co buong ot ngoai, ong tuan hoan ngoai.
Nhom 3: dung dch chay thanh mang mong, chay mot lan tranh tiep xuc nhiet lau lam
bien chat san pham. ac biet thch hp cho cac dung dch thc pham nh dung dch
nc trai cay,hoa qua epGom:
- Mang dung dch chay ngc, co buong ot trong hay ngoai: dung dch soi tao bot
kho v.
- Mang dung dch chay xuoi, co buong ot trong hay ngoai: dung dch soi t tao bot
va bot de v.

b. Theo phng phap thc hien qua trnh

Co ac ap suat thng (thiet b h): co nhiet o soi, ap suat khong oi. Thng dung
co ac dung dch lien tuc e gi mc dung dch co nh e at nang suat cc ai va thi
gian co ac la ngan nhat.Tuy nhien, nong o dung dch at c la khong cao.
Co ac ap suat chan khong: Dung dch co nhiet o soi di 100oC, ap suat chan
khong. Dung dch tuan hoan tot, t tao can, s bay hi nc lien tuc.
Co ac nhieu noi: Muc ch chnh la tiet kiem hi ot. So noi khong nen ln qua v se
lam giam hieu qua tiet kiem hi. Co the co chan khong, co ap lc hay phoi hp ca hai
phng phap. ac biet co the s dung hi th cho muc ch khac e nang cao hieu qua
kinh te.
Co ac lien tuc: Cho ket qua tot hn co ac gian oan. Co the ap dung ieu khien t
ong, nhng cha co cam bien tin cay.

4. u iem va nhc iem cua co ac chan khong gian oan

u iem
- Gi c chat lng, tnh chat san pham, hay cac cau t de bay hi.
- Nhap lieu va thao san pham n gian, khong can on nh lu lng.

SVTH : trang 3
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

- Thao tac de dang.

- Co the co ac en cac nong o khac nhau.
- Khong can phai gia nhiet ban au cho dung dch.
- Cau tao n gian, gia thanh thap.

Nhc iem
- Qua trnh khong on nh, tnh chat hoa ly cua dung dch thay oi lien tuc
theo nong o, thi gian.
- Nhiet o hi th thap, khong dung c cho muc ch khac.
- Kho gi c o chan khong trong thiet b.

IV. QUY TRNH CONG NGHE

1. Thuyet minh quy trnh cong nghe
- Khi ong bm chan khong en ap suat Pck = 0.65 at.
- Sau o bm dung dch ban au co nong o 25% t be cha nguyen lieu vao noi co
ac bang bm ly tam. Qua trnh nhap lieu dien ra trong vong 15 phut en khi nhap u
2.5m3 th ngng.
- Khi a nhap lieu u 2.5m3 th bat au cap hi ot (la hi nc bao hoa ap suat 3 at)
vao buong ot e gia nhiet dung dch. Buong ot gom nhieu ong nho truyen nhiet (ong
chum) va mot ong tuan hoan trung tam co ng knh ln hn. Dung dch chay trong
ong c gia nhiet bi hi ot i ngoai ong. Dung dch trong ong se soi va tuan hoan
qua ong tuan hoan (do ong tuan hoan co ng knh ln hn cac ong truyen nhiet nen
dung dch trong ong tuan hoan se soi t hn trong ong truyen nhiet, khi o khoi lng
rieng dung dch trong ong tuan hoan se ln hn khoi lng rieng dung dch trong ong
truyen nhiet v vay tao ap lc ay dung dch t ong tuan hoan sang cac ong truyen
nhiet). Dung moi la nc boc hi va thoat ra ngoai qua ong dan hi th sau khi qua
buong boc va thiet b tach giot. Hi th c dan qua thiet b ngng tu baromet va c
ngng tu bang nc lanh, sau khi ngng tu thanh long se chay ra ngoai bon cha. Phan
khong ngng se c dan qua thiet b tach giot e ch con kh khong ngng c bm
chan khong hut ra ngoai. Hi ot khi ngng tu chay ra ngoai qua ca thao nc ngng,
qua bay hi roi c xa ra ngoai.
- Qua trnh c tiep tuc en khi at nong o 40% (sau thi gian co ac a tnh: 45 phut)
th ngng cap hi. M van thong ap, sau o thao san pham ra bang cach m van thao
lieu.

2. Cac thiet b c la chon trong quy trnh cong nghe

a Bm

SVTH : trang 4
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Bm c s dung trong quy trnh cong nghe gom: bm ly tam va bm chan

khong.
+ Bm ly tam c cau tao gom vo bm, banh guong tren o co cac canh hng
dong. Banh guong c gan tren truc truyen ong. Ong hut va ong ay.
Bm ly tam c dung e bm dung dch KOH t be cha nguyen lieu vao noi co
ac.
+ Bm chan khong c dung e tao o chan khong khi he thong bat au lam viec.

b Thiet b co ac
ay la thiet b chnh trong quy trnh cong nghe. Thiet b gom ay, nap, buong boc
va buong ot. Ben trong buong ot gom nhieu ong truyen nhiet nho va mot ong tuan
hoan trung tam co ng knh ln hn.
Tac dung cua buong ot la e gia nhiet dung dch, buong boc la e tach hon hp
long hi thanh nhng giot long ri tr lai, hi c dan qua ong dan hi th. Ong tuan
hoan c s dung e tao mot dong chay tuan hoan trong thiet b.

c Thiet b ngng tu
Thiet b ngng tu c s dung trong quy trnh cong nghe la loai thiet b ngng tu
trc tiep (thiet b ngng tu baromet). Chat lam lanh la nc c a vao ngan tren
cung thiet b. Thiet b thng lam viec ap suat chan khong nen no phai c at mot
o cao can thiet e nc ngng co the t chay ra ngoai kh quyen ma khong can may
bm.

d Thiet b tach long

Thiet b tach long c at sau thiet b ngng tu baromet nham e tach cac cau t
bay hi con sot lai, cha kp ngng tu, khong cho chung i vao bm chan khong.

e Cac thiet b phu tr khac

- Bay hi
- Cac thiet b o ap suat, o nhiet o, cac loai van.

SVTH : trang 5
SVTH :
P T
15 18
8 9
7

10

16

6
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b

5
17

P
P T

11

4 12

20 BM CHA N KHONG 1
19 BE CH A N C NGNG 1
18 THIE T B THU HOI 1 X18H10T
17 O NG DA N HI TH VAO d=300 1 X18H10T

trang 6
16 O NG DA N N C VAO d=100 1 X18H10T
3 15 THIE T B NGNG TU BAROMET D=500, =4900 1 X18H10T
14 BO N CH A SA N PHAM 1
13 13 BA Y HI 1
12 O NG THA O N C NGNG d=25, =3.5 1 X18H10T
11 O NG XA KH KHO NG NGNG 1 X18H10T
10 THIE T B CO AC 1 X18H10T
9 NHIE T KE 2

19 8 A P KE 3
1 14 7 O NG DA N HI TH d=400,=13 1 X18H10T
6 O NG THO NG AP 1 X18H10T
2 5 O NG NHA P LIEU d=50, =3.5 1 X18H10T
4 O NG DA N HI OT d=160, =5 1 X18H10T
20 3 A U TH SA N PHAM 1
2 BM NHA P LIEU 1
1 BO N CH A NGUYE N LIEU 1 X18H10T

STT TE N GOI A C TNH KY THUAT SL VA T LIEU

Tr n g a i ho c Ba ch Khoa Tp.Ho Ch Minh

Khoa Co n g Nghe Hoa hoc
BO MO N MA Y VA THIET B
o an m o n hoc Qua trnh va Thiet b

THIE T KE THIE T B CO A C CHA N KHO N G GIA N OA N

GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

3
DUNG DCH KOH NA NG SUA T 2.5m /me
SVTT MAI ANH DUN G T le:
GVHD LE XUAN HAI BA N VE QUI TRNH Ba n ve so: 02
CNBM VU B A MINH Nga y HT 22/06/05
Ch c nang Ho ten Ch ky
CO NG NGHE Nga y BV 28/06/05
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

CHNG II. THIET KE THIET B CHNH

A. CAN BANG VAT CHAT VA NANG LNG

I. CAN BANG VAT CHAT
Cac so lieu ban au:
Dung dch KOH co:
- Nhiet o au 25oC, nong o au 25%.
- Nong o cuoi 40%.
Chon hi ot la hi nc bao hoa ap suat 3at.
Ap suat ngng tu: Pck = 0.65 at.
Co ac gian oan vi nang suat 2.5m3/me
1. Khoi lng rieng cua dung dch theo nong o

Nong o, % 25 30 35 40
Khoi lng rieng, kg/m3 1239 1291 1344 1399

2. Can bang vat chat cho cac giai oan

G = Gc + W
G.x = Gc.xc
Trong o
G , Gc : lng dung dch au va cuoi moi giai oan, kg
W : lng hi th boc len trong moi giai oan, kg
x , xc : nong o au va cuoi cua moi giai oan
G.x, Gc.xc : khoi lng KOH trong dung dch, kg

a Giai oan 25% en 30%

G = 2.5m3 = 2.5*1239 = 3097.5 kg
x = 0.25 ; xc = 0.3

Lng san pham ( la dung dch KOH 30% )

x 0.25
Gc = G . 3097.5 * 2581.25 kg
xc 0.3
Lng hi th
W = G - Gc = 3097.5 2581.25 = 516.25 kg

b Giai oan 30% en 35%

G = 2581.25 kg ; x = 0.3 ; xc = 0.35
x 0.3
Gc = G . 2581.25 * 2212.5 kg
xc 0.35

SVTH : trang 7
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

W = G Gc = 2581.25 2212.5 = 368.75 kg

c Giai oan 35% en 40%

G = 2212.5 kg ; x = 0.35 ; xc = 0.4
x 0.35
Gc G . 2212.5 * 1935.9375 kg
xc 0.4
W = 2212.5 1935.9375 = 276.5625 kg
Tong lng hi th boc hi
Wt = 516.25 + 368.75 + 276.5625 = 1161.5625 kg

Ta co bang tom tat ket qua can bang vat chat

Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40

The tch dung dch trong noi, m3 2.5 2 1.65 1.38
1935.937
Khoi lng dung dch, kg 3097.5 2581.25 2212.5
5
1161.562
Lng hi th a boc hi, kg 0 516.25 885
5
Khoi lng rieng dung dch, kg/m3 1239 1291 1344 1399

II. CAN BANG NANG LNG

Ap suat thiet b ngng tu Po = 0.35 at.
Nhiet o hi th thiet b ngng tu to = 72.05oC ( Bang I.251 trang 314 Tai lieu [1] ).
Chon ton that nhiet o t noi co ac ve thiet b ngng tu ''' 1K .
Nhiet o hi th buong ot t1 = 72.05 + 1 = 73.05oC.
ay cung la nhiet o soi cua dung moi (la nc) tren mat thoang dung dch t sdm ( P1 ) =
73.05oC.
Ap suat tren mat thoang dung dch trong buong boc P1 = 0.3636 at 0.36 at (Bang
I.250 trang 312 Tai lieu [1]).

1. Cac ton that nhiet o Nhiet o soi dung dch

Ta co ton that nhiet o soi theo nong o dung dch KOH ap suat kh quyen (Bang
VI.2 trang 61 Tai lieu [2]). T o suy ra nhiet o soi dung dch KOH ap suat kh quyen
theo cac nong o la:

Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40

' Pa, oC 10 12.2 17 23.6
Nhiet o soi dung dch Pa, oC 110 112.2 117 123.6

SVTH : trang 8
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

a Xac nh ton that nhiet o do nong o va nhiet o soi dung dch KOH theo nong o
ap suat P1 = 0.3636 at
Theo phng phap Babo ( Cong thc 5.9 trang 150 Tai lieu [3] )
Pdd
Pdd
PH O
2 t1 PH 2O t2
* Xet dung dch KOH 25%
Nhiet o dung dch KOH 25% Pa = 1.033 at la 110oC
110oC ap suat hi nc bao hoa la 1.461 at ( Bang I.250 trang 312 Tai lieu [1] ).
Ta can xac nh nhiet o soi dung dch P1 = 0.3636 at
Pdd Pdd

PH O PH O
2 t 2 110
0.3636 1.033

PH2O( t ) 1.461
PH 2O ( t ) 0.51 4 at
Vay nhiet o soi cua nc 0.51 at la t = 81.54oC ( Bang I.251 trang 314 Tai lieu [2] )
Nhiet o soi cua dung dch KOH 25% P1 = 0.3636 at la 81.54oC
Ton that nhiet o soi
' 81.54 73.05 8.49 oC

Tnh tng t cac nong o 30%, 35%, 40% ta c ket qua sau:
Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40
Nhiet o soi dung dch, oC 81.54 83.43 87.36 92.96
Ton that ' , oC 8.49 10.38 14.31 19.91

b Ton that nhiet o do hieu ng thuy tnh '' . Nhiet o soi dung dch ap suat trung
bnh
Tnh theo v du 4.8 trang 207 Tai lieu [4]
'' t sdd( Ptb ) t sdd( P1 ) t sdm( Ptb ) t sdm( P1 )
Vi: Ptb = P1 + 0.5 hh .g.Hop = P1 + P
P = 0.5 hh .g.Hop
1
hh dd
2
Trong o dd : Khoi lng rieng dung dch tnh theo nong o cuoi nhiet o t sdd( P1 P )
Hop : Chieu cao lp chat long soi

SVTH : trang 9
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Trong thiet b tuan hoan t nhien

Hop = 0.26 0.0014 dd dm .Ho
Vi Ho : Chieu cao ong truyen nhiet
dm : Khoi lng rieng dung moi tsdm
* Chon chieu cao ong truyen nhiet Ho = 1.5m

Tnh cho trng hp dung dch KOH 25%

Do trong khoang nhiet o nho, hieu so dd dm thay oi khong ang ke nen ta chon
tra dd , dm 15oC
dm 999kg / m 3
dd(25%) 1239kg / m 3
Hop 0.26 0.0014* (1239 999)*1.5 0.894 m
1
P 0.5 * hh * g * H op 0.5 * * 1239* 9.81* 0.894 2716.55N / m 2 0.03at
2
Ptb P1 P 0.3636 0.03 0.3936at
Nhiet o soi cua H2O 0.394 at la 74.998oC 74.99 oC ( Bang I.251 trang 314 Tai
lieu [1] )
o tang nhiet o soi do cot thuy tnh
'' t sdm( Ptb ) t sdm( P1 ) 74.99 73.05 1.94 oC
nhiet o soi dung dch KOH 25% ap suat P1+ P
t sdd(P1 P) 81.54 1.94 83.48 oC

Tnh tng t ta c

Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40

'' , oC 1.94 1.94 2.41 2.41
t sdd ( P1 P ) 83.48 85.37 89.77 95.37

2. Can bang nang lng cho cac giai oan

Tnh theo cong thc 4.4 trang 181 Tai lieu [4]
* Phng trnh can bang nhiet
.D.c. D.(1 ).i ''D G . c .t G c .c c .t c W.i ''w D.c. Q t Q c
Vi
D : lng hi ot s dung, kg
5% : t le nc ngng b cuon theo
: nhiet o nc ngng, oC
C : nhiet dung rieng nc ngng o C , J/kg o

SVTH : trang 10
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

c, cc : nhiet dung rieng dung dch au va cuoi moi giai oan, J/kg o
t, tc : nhiet o dung dch au va cuoi moi giai oan, oC
i ''D : entanpi cua hi ot, J/kg
i ''w : entanpi cua hi th, J/kg
Qt : nhiet lng ton that, J
Qc : nhiet lng co ac, J

* Nhiet lng do hi ot cung cap ( do co 5% hi nc ngng cuon theo )

QD = D.(1- ).( i ''D c. ) = D.(1- ).r
r = i ''D c. : nhiet hoa hi cua nc ap P
* Nhiet dung rieng cua dung dch
Tnh theo cong thc 4.11 trang 182 Tai lieu [4]
cdd = 4190.(1-x) + c1.x
Trong o
x: nong o dung dch
c1: nhiet dung rieng KOH khan, J/kg o
Theo cong thc 4.12 trang 183 Tai lieu [4]
26 * 103 16.8 * 103 9.6 * 103
c1 = 936 J/kg o
56

Vay nhiet dung rieng dung dch theo nong o

Nong o dung dch. % 25 30 35 40

Nhiet dung rieng dung dch, J/kg o 3376.5 3213.8 3051.1 2888.4

* Chon hi ot co ap suat PD =3 at tD =132.9oC

* Nhiet hoa hi cua nc ap suat 3 at
r = 2171.103 J/kg o (Bang I.251 trang 314 Tai lieu [1] )
* Entanpi cua hi th 73.05oC
i ''w =2632.2*103 J/kg ( Bang I.250 trang 312 Tai lieu [1] )
* Ton that nhiet Qt = 0.05*QD
* Xem nhiet co ac la khong ang ke

a Giai oan a dung dch 25% t 25oC en 83.48oC

G = Gc = 3097.5 kg
c = cc =3376.5 J/kg o
t = 25oC ; tc =83.48oC ; W = 0 kg
Nhiet lng tieu ton cho qua trnh
Q1 =3097.5*3376.5*(83.48-25) =6.12*108 J

SVTH : trang 11
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Nhiet lng can cung cap ( ke ca ton that )

Q1
QD1 = 6.44 * 108 J
0.95
Lng hi ot s dung
6.44 * 108
D1 = 312.25 kg
(1 0.05) * 2171* 103

b Giai oan a dung dch t 25% en 30%

G = 3097.5 kg ; c =3376.5 J/kg o ; t =83.48oC
Gc = 2581.25 kg ; cc = 3213.8 J/kg o ; tc = 85.37oC
W = 516.25
Nhiet lng tieu ton cho qua trnh:
Q2 = 2581.25*3213.8*85.37 3097.5*3376.5*83.48 + 516.25*2632.2*103
Q2 =11.94*108 J
Nhiet lng can cung cap ( ke ca ton that )
Q2 11.94 * 108
QD2 = 12.57 * 108 J
0.95 0.95
Lng hi ot s dung
12.57 * 108
D2 = 609.47 kg
(1 0.05) * 2171* 103

c Giai oan a dung dch t 30% en 35%

G = 2581.25 kg ; c = 3213.8 J/kg o ; t = 85.37oC
Gc = 2212.5 kg ; cc = 3051.1 J/kg o ; tc = 89.77oC
W = 368.75 kg
Nhiet lng tieu ton cho qua trnh
Q3 = 2212.5*3051.1*89.77 2581.25*3213.8*85.37 + 368.75*2632.2*103
Q3 = 8.68*108 J
Nhiet lng can cung cap ( ke ca ton that nhiet )
8.68 * 108
QD3 = 9.14 * 108 J
0.95
Lng hi ot s dung
9.14 * 108
D3 = 443.16 kg
(1 0.05) * 2171* 103

d Giai oan a dung dch t 35% en 40%

G = 2212.5 kg ; c = 3051.1 J/kg o ; t = 89.77oC
Gc = 1935.9375 kg ; cc = 2888.4 J/kg o ; tc = 95.37oC
W = 276.5625 kg

SVTH : trang 12
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Nhiet lng tieu ton cho qua trnh

Q4 = 1935.9375*2888.4*95.37 2212.5*3051.1*89.77 + 276.5625*2632.2*103
Q4 = 6.55*108 J
Nhiet lng can cung cap ( ke ca ton that nhiet )
6.55 * 108
QD4 = 6.89 * 108 J
0.95
Lng hi ot s dung
6.89 * 108
D4 = 334.07 kg
(1 0.05) * 2171* 103
* Tong nhiet lng
QD = 6.44*108 + 12.57*108 + 9.14*108 + 6.89*108 =35.04*108 J
* Tong lng hi ot
D = 312.25 + 609.47 + 443.16 + 334.07 =1698.95 kg
* Lng hi ot rieng
D 1698.95
Drieng = 1.46 kg/kg hi th
W 1161.5625

* Tom tat can bang nang lng

25(83.48oC
Nong o dung dch. % 25(25 C) o
30 35 40
)
Nhiet lng hu ch, J*10-8 0 6.12 18.06 26.74 33.29
Tong nhiet lng cung cap, J*10-8 6.44 19.01 28.15 35.04
Lng hi ot s dung, kg 312.25 921.72 1364.88 1698.95

B. TNH THIET KE THIET B CHNH

I. HE SO TRUYEN NHIET
1. He so truyen nhiet trong qua trnh soi
1.1 Cac k hieu va cong thc
1 : he so cap nhiet khi ngng tu hi, W/m2K
2 : he so cap nhiet pha dung dch soi, W/m2K
q1 : nhiet tai rieng pha hi ngng, W/m2
q2 : nhiet tai rieng pha dung dch soi, W/m2
qv : nhet tai rieng pha vach ong truyen nhiet, W/m2
t v1 : nhiet o trung bnh vach ngoai ong, oC
t v2 : nhiet o trung bnh vach trong ong, oC

SVTH : trang 13
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

tD : nhiet o hi ngng, tD = 132.9oC

tdd : nhiet o dung dch soi, oC
t 1 t D t v1
t 2 t v2 t dd
t v t v1 t v2
1
tm
2

t D t v1 : nhiet o mang nc ngng, oC

1.1.1 Pha hi ngng

q1 1 .t 1 (1)
Theo cong thc V.101 trang 28 Tai lieu [2]
r
1 2.04 * A * 4 (2)
t 1 * H
0.25
2 .3
Vi A= phu thuoc vao nhiet o mang tm

tm , o C 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

A 139 155 169 179 188 194 197 199 199

: khoi lng rieng cua nc nhiet o tm, kg/m3

: he so cap nhiet cua nc nhiet o tm, W/mK
:o nht cua nc nhiet o tm, Pas
r : an nhiet ngng tu cua hi nhiet o tD
r = 2171*103 J/kg
H = 1.5 m: chieu cao ong truyen nhiet

1.1.2 Pha dung dch

q2 = 2 .t 2 (3)
Theo cong thc VI.27 trang 71 Tai lieu [2]
0.435
0.565 2
c dd n
2 n . dd . dd . . (4)
n n c dd
n

Trong o
n , n , c n , n : he so dan nhiet (W/mK), khoi lng rieng (kg/m3), nhiet dung rieng
(J/kg o), o nht (Pas) cua nc
dd , dd , c dd , dd : cac thong so cua dung dch theo nong o
n : he so cap nhiet tng ng cua nc, W/m2K
n 0.56 * q 0.7 * p 0.15 (5), (cong thc V.90 trang 26 Tai lieu [2])

SVTH : trang 14
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Vi q : nhiet tai rieng, W/m2

p : ap suat tuyet oi tren mat thoang, N/m2
p = p1 = 0.3636 at = 35669.16 N/m2
* Cac thong so cua nc ( Bang I.249 trang 311 Tai lieu [2] )
tsdm = 73.05oC
n 975.97 kg/m3
cn = 4189.44 J/kg o
n = 0.38619*10-3 Ns/m2
n = 66.983*10-2 W/mK
* Cac thong so cua dung dch
dd tra bang I.107 trang 101 Tai lieu [1] ( 40oC )
dd tnh theo cong thc I.32 trang 123 Tai lieu [1]
dd
3.58 * 10 8 * c dd * dd * 3 , W/mK
M dd
1
Mdd =
x 1 x

56 18
Vi x : nong o dung dch
cdd va dd xac nh theo nong o

Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40

tsdd, oC 83.48 85.37 89.77 95.37
dd , kg/m3 1239 1291 1344 1399
cdd , J/kg o 3376.5 3213.8 3051.1 2888.4
2
dd , Ns/m 1.31*10-3 1.57*10-3 1.83*10-3 2.09*10-3
Mdd 21.68 22.6 23.61 24.71
dd , W/mK 0.577 0.572 0.565 0.555

1.1.3 Pha vach ong truyen nhiet

Theo th du 19 trang 148 Tai lieu [4]
t v
qv (6)
rv
t v = q v . rv
1 v 1
Trong o: r v
r1 rv r2
1 1 1
Lay , (W/mK)-1
r1 r2 4000

SVTH : trang 15
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

v 2 mm: be day ong truyen nhiet

v 17.5 W/mK: he so dan nhiet qua vach
1 2 * 10 3 1
rv =6.143*10-4, (W/mK)-1
4000 17.5 4000

1.1.4 He so truyen nhiet K

1
K , W/m2K
1 1
rv
1 2
Do khong biet chnh xac nhiet o vach ong truyen nhiet nen phai thc hien tnh lap
nh sau
1 Chon t v1 (< tD ) t 1
2 Tnh 1 theo cong thc (2)
3 Tnh q1 theo cong thc (1)
4 Tnh t v theo cong thc (6) vi qv = q1 t v 2 , t 2
5 Tnh n theo cong thc (5) vi q = q1
6 Tnh 2 theo cong thc (4)
7 Tnh q2 theo cong thc (3)
1
8 Tnh qtb = .q 1 q 2
2
q1 q tb
9 Xac nh sai so ss =
q1
Neu ss > 5% th chon lai t v1 va lap lai qua trnh tnh en khi at sai so nho
10 Tnh K theo cong thc (7)

1.2 Tnh K cho cac giai oan

a. Tmh nong o 25%
Chon
t v1 127.7 t 1 5.2K
Tnh 1
1
tm * 132.9 127.7 130.3 o C A 191.09
2
r 2171* 103
1 2.04 * A * 4 2.04 * 191.09 * 4 8953.84 W/m2K
t 1 * H 5.2 * 1.5
q1 1 .t 1 8953.84 * 5.2 46559.968W / m 2
t v q1 . rv 46559.968* 6.143* 104 28.6 o C
t v2 127.7 28.6 99.1o C

SVTH : trang 16
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

t 2 99.1 83.48 15.62o C

n 0.56 * q10.7 * p 0.15 0.56 * 46559.9680.7 * 35669.160.15 4996.21 W/m2K
0.435
0.565
0.577 1239 2 3376.5 0.38619* 10 3
2 4996.21 * * *
0.66983 975.97 4189.44 1.31 * 10 3

2 3024.74W / m 2 K
q 2 2 .t 2 3024.74 *15.62 47246.44 W/m2
1 1
q tb .q 1 q 2 46559.968 47246.44 46903.2 W / m 2
2 2
q 1 q tb 46559.968 47246.44
ss 0.007 0.7% (thoa)
q1 46559.968

Vay t v1 127.7 o C
1
K= 946.44W / m 2 K
1 1
6.143 * 104
8953.94 3024.74

b. Tnh nong o 30%

Tnh tng t t v1 128.2 o C
1
K= 911.8W / m 2 K
1 1
6.143 * 10 4
9186.63 2676.84
c. Tnh nong o 35%
Tmh tng t t v1 129 oC
1
K= 865.08W / m 2 K
1 1
6.143 * 10 4
9631.35 2283.95
d. Tnh nong o 40%

Tnh tng t t v1 130o C

1
K= 798.87W / m 2 K
1 1
6.143 * 10 4
10379.92 1847.98

o Bang tom tat

Nong o dung dch,% 25 30 35 40
tsdd, oC 83.48 85.37 89.77 95.37
q1, W/m2 46559.968 43177.16 37562.265 30101.77
q2,W/m2 47246.44 43659.26 36908.63 29826.4
qtb, W/m2 46903.2 43418.21 37235.45 29964.08
1 ,W/m2K 8953.94 9186.63 9631.35 10379.92

SVTH : trang 17
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

2 , W/m2K 3024.74 2676.84 2283.95 1847.98

K, W/m2K 946.44 911.8 865.08 798.87
ss, % 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.5

2. He so truyen nhiet trong qua trnh gia nhiet dung dch ban au t 25 oC en
83.48oC
2.1 Cac k hieu va cong thc
Cac k hieu 1 , 2 , q1, q2, qv, t v1 , t v2 , tD, tdd, t 1 , t 2 , t v , tm nh muc 1.1
2.1.1 Pha hi ngng
q1 1 .t 1
r
1 2.04 * A * 4
t 1 * H
A xac nh theo tm
r = 2171*103 J/kg
H = 1.5 m

2.1.2 Pha vach

t v
qv
rv
r v 6.143* 104 (W / m 2 K) 1

2.1.3 Pha dung dch

q 2 2 .t 2
2 .l Nu.dd
Nu 2
dd l
Trong o
Nu C.Gr. Pr
n

c dd . dd
Pr
dd
3
l. dd . dd .t 2 .g
Gr 2
dd
* C va n phu thuoc vao Pr va Gr nh sau
Gr.Pr 103 th Nu = 0.5
Gr.Pr 10 3 500 th Nu 1.18Gr. Pr
0.125

Gr. Pr 500 2.10 7 th Nu 0.54Gr. Pr

0.25

Gr.Pr 2.107 th Nu 0.135Gr. Pr

0.33

* l : chieu cao ong truyen nhiet, l = 1.5 m

SVTH : trang 18
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

* dd , dd , dd , dd , c dd : khoi lng rieng ( kg/m3 ), he so dan n the tch ( K-1 ), he so

dan nhiet ( W/mK ), o nht ( Pa.s ), nhiet dung rieng ( J/kg o ) cua dung dch KOH lay
1 _
nhiet o mang t m t dd t v2
2
_
1
Vi t dd (83.48 25) 54.24o C
2
dd 1239kg / m 3
cdd = 3376.5 J/kg o
dd 1.31* 103 Ns/m2
dd 0.577W / mK

cua dung dch KOH 25%

To ,oC 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

.10 3 0.425 0.455 0.48 0.505 0.535 0.57 0.605

2.1.4 He so truyen nhiet

1
K , W/m2K
1 1
rv
1 2

* Trnh t tnh lap

(1). Chon t v1 t 1
(2). Tnh 1
(3). Tnh q1
(4). Tnh t 1 t v2 t 2
(5). Tnh Nu2 2
(6). Tnh q2
1
(7). Tnh qtb =
2q 1 q 2

q1 q tb
(8). Tnh ss = , tnh cho en sai so nho (va phai nho hn 5% )
q

2.2 Thc hien tnh lap

(1). Chon t v1 121.3o C
t 1 132.9 121.3 11.6K
1
tm= 132.9 121.3 127.1o C A 190.13
2

SVTH : trang 19
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

2171* 103
(2). 1 2.04 * 190.134 7289.68W / m 2 K
11.6 * 1.5
(3). q1 1 t 1 7289.68 * 11.6 84560.29W / m 2
(4). t v q1 . rv 84560.29 * 6.143* 104 51.95K
t v2 121.3 51.95 69.35o C
t 2 69.35 54.24 15.11K
(5). Tnh 2

c dd . dd 3376.5 * 1.31 * 10 3
Pr 7.67
dd 0.577
1
t 'm 54.24 69.35 61.795o C 0.508
2

1.53 * 12392 * 0.508 * 15.11* 9.81

Gr 2.273 * 1014
1.31*10 3 2

ta thay Gr.Pr > 2.107 Nu 0.135* (Pr* Gr) 0.33 14454.99

Nu.dd
2 5560.35 W/m2K
l
(6). q 2 2 .t 2 84016.89W / m 2
(7). qtb = 84288.59W/m2
(8). ss=0.003=0.3% (thoa)
Vay he so truyen nhiet giai oan nay
1
K 1073.74W / m 2 K
1 1
6.143 * 10 4
7289.68 5560.35

II. BE MAT TRUYEN NHIET VA THI GIAN CO AC

Phng trnh truyen nhiet cho khoang thi gian nho d
dQ= K.F(T-t).d
Gia s en cuoi qua trnh dung dch van ngap het be mat truyen nhiet F khong
oi, T khong oi
dQ
F.d
K T t
Lay tch phan ta c
Q
dQ
F. 2 = KT t
0
(1)

2: thi gian co ac ( khong ke thi gian gia nhiet cho dung dch au en 83.48oC ), s

SVTH : trang 20
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Q : nhiet lng tieu ton cho qua trnh nay, J

1
* Ta tnh tch phan (1) bang o th. Can xac nh Q, tng thi iem.
K T t

Nong o dung dch, % 25 30 35 40

Q.10-8, J 0 11.94 20.62 27.17
t(tsdd), oC 83.48 85.37 89.77 95.37

K, W/m2K 946.44 911.8 865.08 798.87

T-t 49.42 47.53 43.13 37.53

1
* 105 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.3
K.(T t )
Ve o th co : truc hoanh :Q
1
: truc tung :
K.T t

1 4
.10 5
K( T t )

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Q.108

o th xa c nh th i gian co a c va be ma t truye n nhie t

T viec tnh tch phan o th ta co

Giai oan 1 ( 25% 30% ) : S1 = F. = 26268 m2.s
Giai oan 2 ( 30% 35% ) : S2 = F. = 21550 m2.s
Giai oan 3 ( 35% 40% ) : S3 = F. = 19488 m2.s
Tong qua trnh co ac t 25% en 40%
S = F. = 67306 m2.s
* Chon thi gian co ac la 40 phut
Be mat trao oi nhiet la

SVTH : trang 21
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

F = 67306 / 2400 = 28.04 m2

Thi gian cua cac giai oan
Giai oan 1 : = 26268 / 28.04 = 936.8 s
Giai oan 2 : = 21550 / 28.04 = 768.55 s
Giai oan 3 : = 19488 / 28.04 = 694.65 s
* Thi gian gia nhiet ban au
Q K.t.F.
Q
=
K.t.F
Vi Q : nhiet lng dung cho gia nhiet, J
K : he so truyen nhiet cho qua trnh gia nhiet, W/m2K
t : chenh lech nhiet o, K

t
132.9 25 132.9 83.48 74.89K
132.9 25
ln
132.9 83.48
6.12 * 108
= 271.425s 4.5phut
1073.74 * 74.89 * 28.04
* Chon thi gian nhap lieu 15 phut
Thi gian thao san pham 15 phut
* Tong thi gian co ac 1 me la
t = 15 + 4.5 + 40 + 15 = 74.5 phut
Ta chon tong thi gian co ac la 75 phut

III. BUONG OT
Dien tch be mat truyen nhiet : F = 28.04 m2
Ta lay an toan : F = 33.65 m2 ( 20%)
Chieu cao ong truyen nhiet : H = 1.5m
Chon ong truyen nhiet co ng knh : dng = 45mm
: dtr = 41mm
So ong can :
F n. .d tr .H
F 33.65
n 175 ong
.d tr .H .0.041.1.5
Xep ong theo hnh luc giac eu ( theo Tai lieu [2] trang 48 )
So hnh luc giac eu : 8 hnh
So ong tren ng cheo : 17 ong

SVTH : trang 22
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Tong so ong : 217 ong

Chon bc ong t = (1.2 1.5 ).dng
Chon t = 58 mm
Chon ong tuan hoan
ng knh ong tuan hoan
Chon dtr (th) = 315 mm
dng(th) = 325 mm
Kiem tra ieu kien : tiet dien ngang ong tuan hoan bang 0.25 0.35 tiet dien ngang
tat ca cac ong truyen nhiet :
.d 2tr( th)
S th 4 3152
0.27 thoa
So d 2tr 217.412
217
4
So ong truyen nhiet b chiem cho
Goi m : la so ong nam tren ng cheo ong tuan hoan
d ng th t.m 1
d ngth 325
m 1 1 6.6
t 58
co 7 ong tren ng cheo ong tuan hoan
a=(m +1)/2 = 4 ( cong thc V.139 Tai lieu [2] trang 48 )
Tong so ong b chiem cho
n ' 3a.(a 1) 1 3 * 4 * (4 1) 1 37 (cong thc V.139 Tai lieu [2] trang 48)
So ong truyen nhiet con lai
n 217 37 180 ong
Can 175 ong (bo 5 ong)
ng knh trong buong ot
Dt = t.(b-1) + 4.dng= 58*(17-1) + 4*45 =1108 mm
Vi b = 17 , so ong tren ung cheo luc giac
Chon ng knh buong ot Dt (b) = 1100 mm
ay
Chon ay non tieu chuan co g, goc ay 90o
Tra bang XIII.21 trang 394 Tai lieu [2]
Chieu cao g hg = 50 mm
Chieu cao phan non hn = 618 mm
The tch ay non Vay = 0.282 m3
The tch truyen nhiet va ong tuan hoan

SVTH : trang 23
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

* 0.0412 0.3152
Vo = 175 * * 1.5 * * 1.5 0.463 m3
4 4
Cuoi qua trnh co ac Vdd = 1.38 > 0.282 +0.463
dung dch van ngap het be mat truyen nhiet

IV. BUONG BOC

ng knh buong boc xac nh t ieu kien phan li c giot long ng knh 0.3
mm tr len
Chieu cao buong boc xac nh t cng o boc hi trung bnh va the tch buong boc

1. ng knh
Lu lng hi th
Ta tnh lu lng hi th trong giai oan au ( do lng hi th trong giai oan nay la
ln nhat )
Vhi W1 /( 1 . ) , m3/s
Trong o
W1 : lng hi th trong giai au, kg
W1 = 516.25 kg
1 : khoi lng rieng hi th ap suat P1 = 0.36 at
1 = 0.2224 kg/m3 ( Bang I.251 trang 314 Tai lieu [1] )
: thi gian gia nhiet giai oan au ( t 25% en 30% )
= 936.8 s
516.25
Vhi 2.478 m3/s
0.2224 * 936.8
Van toc hi
Vhi Vh
hi
tiet _ dien _ ngang _ buong _ boc D 2tr( bb )

4
4 * 2.478
hi
.D 2tr( bb )
Van toc lang
Xac nh theo cong thc 5.14 trang 157 Tai lieu [3]
4.g. l h .d l
o
3. . h

Trong o
l : khoi lng rieng giot long, kg/m3

SVTH : trang 24
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

h : khoi lng rieng hi th, h = 0.2224 kg/m3

dl : ng knh giot long, dl = 0.3 mm = 3*10-4 m
: he so tr lc
Ta co
l = 976.57 kg/m3, tra nhiet o 72.05oC (Bang I.249 trang 310 Tai lieu [1])
tnh theo Re
h .d. h
Re
h
Vi h =0.0106*10-3 Pa.s : o nht ong lc hoc cua hi th
4 * 2.478 3 * 10 4 * 0.2224 19.86
Re * 2
.D 2tr( bb) 0.0106 * 10 3 D tr( bb)
Gia s 0.2< Re < 500

18.5 18.5
0.6
0.6
3.0788* D1tr.2( bb )
Re 19.86

D2
tr( bb )
Van toc lang
4 * 9.81 * (976.57 0.2224) * 3 * 10 4 2.37
o 1.2

3 * 3.0788* D tr( bb ) * 0.2224 (D tr( bb ) ) 0.6

Ma h 70% 80%o
4 * 2.478 2.37
0.7 *
2
.D tr( bb)
D tr( bb)
0.6

D tr( bb) 1.58 m

* Vay chon ng knh buong boc
Dtr(bb) =1.6 m = 1600 mm
Kiem tra Re
19.86
Re 7.76 0.2,500 thoa
1.6 2

2. Chieu cao
Tnh theo trang 71,72 Tai lieu [2]
The tch khong gian hi
W
Vkgh , m3
h .U tt
Vi W : lng hi th boc len trong thiet b, kg/h
Utt : cng o boc hi the tch cho phep cua khoang khong gian hi, m3/m2h

SVTH : trang 25
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

h : khoi lng rieng hi th, h 0.2224kg/m3

1161.5625
Ta co W= 1742.34375kg/h
0.67
Utt = f.(Utt (1at) )
Vi Utt (1at) : cng o boc hi the tch cho phep khi ap suat bang 1 at
f : he so hieu chnh
Chon Utt (1at) = 1650 m3/m2.h
f = 1.5 ( o th VI.3 trang 72 Tai lieu [2] )
Utt = 1.5*1650 =2475 m3/m2.h
The tch khong gian hi
1742.34375
Vkgh 3.17 m3
0.2224 * 2475
Chieu cao phan khong gian hi trong tru boc
4.Vkgh 4 * 3.17
H kgh 1.58 m
.D tr( bb) * 1.6 2
2

h1= 50 mm : chieu cao phan

g buong boc
h3 h2= 400 mm :chieu cao phan
non buong boc
h2 =400 mm
h3 : chieu cao dung dch trong
h1 =50 mm phan tru
The tch dung dch trong buong boc trc khi co ac
Vdd (bb) = Vdd Vo - Vay = 2.5 - 0.463 0.282 =1.755 m3
Mat khac
Vdd(bb) = Vdd phan g + Vdd phan non + Vdd phan tru
D 2tr( b) .h 2 D 2tr( bb)
=
4
.h1
12
D 2
tr ( bb ) D 2
tr ( b)
D tr( bb) .D tr( b)
4
.h 3

1.12 0.4 2 2 1.6 2

1.755 * * 0.05 (1.6 1.1 1.6 * 1.1) * h3
4 12 4
h 3 0.56 m
Chieu cao phan tru buong boc
Hb = Hkgh + h3 = 1.58 + 0.56 = 2.14 m
Chon chieu cao phan tru buong boc 2.2 m
Chieu cao buong boc
2.2+ 0.4 + 0.05 = 2.65 m
Khi ket thuc co ac Vdd = 1.38 m3
The tch dung dch trong buong boc

SVTH : trang 26
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Vdd(bb) = 1.38 0.463 -0.282 = 0.635 m3

Tng t nh tren ta c chieu cao dung dch ngap phan tru buong boc la
h3 = 0.004 m = 4 mm

3. Nap
- Chon nap elip tieu chuan co g, ng knh trong 1600 mm
- Tra bang XIII.10 trang 382 Tai lieu [2]
Chieu cao g : hg = 50 mm
Chieu cao phan Elip : ht = 400 mm
Dien tch be mat trong : Ft = 3.03 m2

C. TNH C KH THIET B CHNH

I. BUONG OT
ng knh trong : Dt = 1100 mm
Chieu cao : H = 1500 mm

1. Cac thong so tra va chon

1.1 Ap suat tnh toan
Buong ot chu ap suat trong
PB = Phi ot Pa = 3 1 = 2 at = 0.1962 N/mm2

1.2 Nhiet o tnh toan

Nhiet o hi ot tD = 132.9oC
Buong ot c boc cach nhiet nen nhiet o tnh toan tB = 132.9 + 20 153o C

1.3 Chon vat lieu

Vat lieu c chon la thep khong g X18H10T do KOH co tnh an mon
ng suat cho phep tieu chuan 153oC
*B 138 N/mm2 ( hnh 1.2 trang 22 Tai lieu [7] )
ng suat cho phep
B *B . 138* 0.95 131.1 N/mm2
Vi 0.95 la he so hieu chnh
He so ben moi han h 0.95 (bang 1-7 trang 24 Tai lieu [7] )

2. Tnh va chon be day tnh ben cho buong ot

h 131.1 * 0.95
Ta co B . 634.79 25
PB 0.1962
Be day toi thieu than buong ot tnh theo cong thc

SVTH : trang 27
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

D tr( b) .PB 1100 * 0.1962

S'B 0.87 mm
2.B . h 2 * 131.1 * 0.95
Be day nay qua nho. Tra bang 5-1 trang 128 Tai lieu [7] c Smin = 3-4 mm
Dung dch an mon (KOH) nen Ca = 1
Vay chon be day buong SB = 4 mm
* Kiem tra ap suat tnh toan
S B C a 4 1
0.0027 0.1
D tr( b) 1100
Cho nen ap suat tnh toan cho phep xac nh theo cong thc

PB 2.B . h .(SB C a ) 2 * 131.1 * 0.95 * (4 1) 0.68 N/mm2

D tr( b) S B C a 1100 4 1
PB = 0.1962 N/mm2 < [P]B = 0.68 N/mm2 (thoa)
Vay be day buong ot SB = 4 mm

II. BUONG BOC

- ng knh trong buong boc Dtr(bB) = 1600 mm
- Chieu cao Hb = 2650 m

1. Cac thong so tra va chon

1.1 Ap suat tnh toan
Than buong boc chu ap suat ngoai
PBB = Pa + ( 1- 0.36 ) = 1.64 at =0.16 N/mm2

1.2 Nhiet o tnh toan

Nhiet o hi th : tD = 73.05oC
Suy ra nhiet o tnh toan : tBB = 73.05 + 20 = 93.05oC ( do boc cach nhiet )

1.3 Chon vat lieu

Chon vat lieu lam buong boc la thep khong g X18H10T
ng suat cho phep tieu chuan 93.05oC
*BB 143 N/mm2 ( hnh 1.2 trang 22 Tai lieu [7] )
Moun an hoi 93.05oC tra bang 2-12 trang 45 Tai lieu [7]
EBB = 19.68*106 N/cm2 = 1.968*105 N/mm2
Gii han chay 93.05oC
c( BB) BB .n c 143 * 1.65 235.95 N.mm2
*

Vi nc =1.65 tra bang 1-6 trang 20 Tai lieu [7]

2. Tnh be day Tnh on nh cho buong boc

Be day toi thieu c xac nh theo cong thc 5.14 trang 133 Tai lieu [7]

SVTH : trang 28
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

0.4
PBB l 'B
S '
1.18 * D tr( bB) * *
BB E
BB D tr( bB)
l 'BB 2650 mm : chieu dai tnh toan buong boc
0.4
0.16 2650
S '
BB 1.18 * 1600* * 8.47 mm
1.968 * 10 1600
5

Be day thc buong boc

SBB = S'BB C a C o 8.47 1 0.53 10 mm

* Kiem tra ieu kien

2S C a l' D tr( bB)
1.5 BB
D tr( bB) D tr( bB) 2S C a
3
l 'BB E 2S C a
0.3 BB
Dt c( BB) D
tr ( bB )
The so ta c
0.159 1.66 9.43
thoa
1.66 0.29
* Kiem tra ap suat cho phep
2
D tr( bB) S BB C a S BB C a
PBB 0.649 * E BB * '
l BB D tr( bB)
D tr( bB)
2
1600 10 1 10 1
= 0.649 * 1.968* 10 *
5
0.183 N.mm2
2650 1600 1600
PBB = 0.16 N/mm2 < PBB 0.183 N/mm2 thoa
* Kiem tra lc nen chieu truc
Lc nen chieu truc ( trang 149 Tai lieu [7] )
D tr( bB) 2S BB
2

PNCT .PBB
4
1600 2 * 10
2

PNCT * 0.16 329791.83 N

4
D tr( bB)
T so 88.89 25,250 k c 0.087(bang trang 140 Tai lieu [7] )
2S BB C a
c( BB) 235.95
K c 875. k c 875 * * 0.087 =0.091 < 0.155
E BB 1.968 * 105
ieu kien
PNCT
SBB Ca
.K c. E BB

SVTH : trang 29
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

329791.83
9 5.86 thoa
* 0.091* 1.968 * 105
Vay be day buong boc thoa lc nen chieu truc

* Kiem tra ong thi ap suat ngoai va lc nen chieu truc

ng suat cho phep khi nen ( cong thc 3.51 trang 140 Tai lieu [7] )

n BB K c .E BB . S C a 0.091* 1.968 * 105 *

10 1
100.737 N/mm2
D tr( bB) 1600
ng suat khi nen ( cong thc 5.48 trang 145 Tai lieu [7] )
PNCT 329791.83
n ( BB) 7.25 N/mm2
.(D tr( bB) S B ).(S B C a ) * (1600 10) * (10 1)
Kiem tra ieu kien ( cong thc 5.47 trang 145 Tai lieu [7] )
n ( BB) P 7.25 0.16
BB 0.95 1 thoa
n BB PBB 100.737 0.183
Vay than buong boc thoa ong thi ieu kien ap suat ngoai va lc nen chieu truc
Ket luan : Be day buong boc la SBB = 10 mm

III. AY
Tnh theo cong thc trang 178-179 Tai lieu [7]
ay non chu cung ap suat ngoai vi buong boc
P = 0.16 N/mm2
Chon s bo be day ay S = 10 mm
D : ng knh tnh toan cua ay non
0.9D t 0.1d t 0.9 * 1100 0.1 * 40
D' 1406 mm
cos cos 45
Vi dt = 40 mm la ng knh lo thao san pham

2S C a
3
l' E
Xet 0.3 * *
c Dt
'
D

210 1
3
618 1.968 * 105
0.3 * *
1406 235.95 1406
044 > 0.36
Vay ap suat cho phep tnh theo cong thc 5.19 trang 135 Tai lieu [7]
2.5
S Ca
'
P 0.649 * E . D'
l D'
2.5
1406 10 1
= 0.649* 1.968 * 10 * * 5
0.953 N/mm2
618 1406

SVTH : trang 30
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

* Kiem tra ieu kien on nh

Lc nen chieu truc ( cong thc 6.26 trang 178 Tai lieu [7] )

PNCT .D 2ng .P
4
Vi Dng = Dtr + 2.S = 1100 + 2.10 = 1120 mm

PNCT * 11202 * 0.16 157632.55 N
4
Lc nen chieu truc cho phep ( cong thc 6.27 trang 178 Tai lieu [7] )
PNCT .K c .E .(S Ca )2 . cos2
Xac nh Kc
D tr 1100
61.11
2.(S C a ) 2.(10 1)
k c 0.061 tra bang trang 140 Tai lieu [7]
c 235.95
K c 875. t
.k c 875* * 0.061 0.064
E 1.968* 105
PNCT * 0.064 * 1.968 * 105 * (10 1) 2 . cos2 45 1602544 N
ieu kien on nh ( cong thc 6.30 trang 178 Tai lieu [7] )
PNCT P 157632.55 0.16
0.27 1 thoa
PNCT P 1602544 0.953
Vay be day ay la 10 mm

IV. NAP ELIP

- Nap elip tieu chuan co g
ng knh trong 1600 mm
Chieu cao g : hg = 50 mm
Chieu cao phan Elip : ht = 400 mm
Rt = Dt = 1600 mm
- Nap chu ap suat ngoai nh buong boc PN = 0.16 N/mm2
- Vat lieu la thep khong g X18H10T
EN = 1.968*105 N/mm2
cN 235.95 N/mm2
Tnh theo cong thc trang 166-167 Tai lieu [7]
N N * * 0.95 143* 0.95 135.85 N/mm2
Chon be day nap SN = SBB = 10 mm
* Kiem tra

SVTH : trang 31
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

R t 1600
160
SN 10
0.15 * E N 0.15 * 1.968 * 105
178.73 ( vi 0.7 oi vi thep khong g )
* cN 0.7 * 235.95
R t 0.15 * E N
Ta thay nen tnh ap suat cho phep theo cong thc 6.7 trang 166
SN * cN
Tai lieu [7]
2. N .(S C a ) h 400
[PN ] ( kiem tra ieu kien 0.2 < t 0.25 0.3 thoa )
.R t D t 1600
E N .(S C a ) 5. . cN .R t

E N .(S C a ) 6.7 cN R t (1 )
1.968 * 105 * 9 5 * 0.7 * 235.95 * 1600
= 2.5
1.968 * 105 * 9 6.7 * 0.7 * 235.95 * 1600 * (1 0.7)
2 * 135.85 * 9
PN 0.61 N/mm2.
2.5 * 1600
Ta thay PN = 0.16 < [PN] =0.61 cho nen nap thoa ieu kien ngoai ap suat
Vay be day nap SN =10 mm

V. TNH CACH NHIET CHO THAN

Chon vat lieu cach nhiet la amiang carton
Be day lp cach nhiet
.t T1 t T 2
, m (cong thc VI.66 trang 92 tai lieu [2] )
n .t T 2 t KK
Trong o
: he so dan nhiet cua vat lieu cach nhiet, 0.144W / mK
tT1 : nhiet o lp cach nhiet tiep giap be mat thiet b
tT2 : nhiet o be mat lp cach nhiet ve pha khong kh vao khoang 40oC 50oC
tKK : nhiet o khong kh
n : he so cap nhiet t be mat ngoai cua lp cach nhiet en khong kh
n 9.3 0.058 * t T 2 , W / m 2 K (cong thc VI.67 trang 92 tai lieu [2] )
n 9.3 0.058 * (50 273) 28.034W / m 2 K
0.144 * 132.9 50
0.019m
28.034 * 50 28
Vay chon be day lp cac nhiet 20mm

SVTH : trang 32
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

VI. MOI GHEP BCH

1. Bch noi buong boc vi nap
- Ap suat trong thiet b P = 0.16 N/mm2
- ng knh trong bch Dt = 1600 mm
- Chon bch lien bang thep e noi thiet b
Tra bang XIII.27 trang 420 Tai lieu [2], bch kieu 1, ta c cac thong so

D1
h Dn Dt = 1600 mm
db Dt Dn = 1620 mm
D1 = 1660 mm
Db = 1700 mm
D = 1750 mm
Db h = 35 mm
db = M 24
D So bulong 40 cai

- Do moi trng an mon ta chon em amiang-carton

Be day 3 mm
Ap suat ln nhat chu c 0.6 N/mm2
Nhiet o ln nhat chu c 500oC

2. Bch noi buong ot va ay

Chon theo bang XIII.27 trang 420 Tai lieu [2]. Bch lien bang thep, kieu 1
Dt = 1100 mm D = 1240 mm
Dn = 1108 mm h = 22 mm
D1 = 1160 mm So bulong 28 cai
Db = 1190 mm db = 20 mm ( M20)

3. Bch noi buong ot va buong boc

Chon nh bch buong ot va ay

VII. V ONG
- Chon v tron phang
- Vat lieu X18H10T
nhiet o tnh toan Ttt = 132.9oC
ng suat cho phep tieu chuan [ ]* = 140 N/mm2

SVTH : trang 33
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

He so an toan nB = 2.6 (bang 1-6 trang 20 Tai lieu [7])

Gii han ben uon [ ]u = 140*2.6 = 364 N/mm2
Ap suat lam viec Po : Po = P + PCK = 2+(1-0.36) = 2.64 at = 0.259 N/mm2
- Chieu day tnh toan toi thieu cua v ong
Po
h= K.D t . (cong thc 8.19 trang 212 Tai lieu [7])
[ ] u
K : he so, K = 0.28 0.36. Chon K= 0.35
Dt : ng knh trong than buong ot, mm
0.259
h ' 0.35 * 1100 * 10.27 mm
364
- Tnh s bo chieu day v
dn 45
h' 5 5 10.625 mm (dn ng knh ngoai ong truyen nhiet)
8 8
- Kiem tra ng suat uon
ng suat uon trong v cua thiet b trao oi nhiet lap cng trong pham vi dien tch hnh
ch nhat ABCD
P
u 2
d h'
3.6 * (1 0.7 * n ) *
l l
B

t l =0.5*(AB + CD)
A AB = t*sin60o = CD
60o C = 58*sin60o = 50.23 mm
l = 50.23 mm

0.23
u 2
3.57
45 11
3.6 * 1 0.7 *
50.23 50.23
u [ ]u thoa
- Chon be day v bang be day bch, hv =22 mm

VIII. KHOI LNG VA TAI TREO

1. Khoi lng thep lam thiet b

SVTH : trang 34
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

m thep Vthep . thep

- Khoi lng rieng thep khong g thep 7900 kg/m3
- The tch thep buong ot



Vt . D 2ngb D 2trb .H * 1.1082 1.12 * 1.5 0.0208m3
4 4

Vi Dngb = 1.108 m : ng knh ngoai buong ot
Dtrb = 1.1 m : ng knh trong buong ot
H = 1.5 m : chieu cao buong ot
- The tch thep buong boc
VtB Vt .truB Vt.nonB Vt .gB

Vt .truB
4

. D 2ngbB D 2trbB .H tru
4

* 1.62 2 1.6 2 * 2.2 0.111m3

Vt .nonB Vnon.ngoaiB Vnon.trongB = 0.596 0.579 = 0.017 m3

Vno.ngoaiB

12

* 0.4 * 1.622 1.122 1.62 * 1.12 0.596 m3
Vnon .trongB

12

* 0.4 * 1.6 2 1.12 1.6 * 1.1 0.579 m3

Vt .gB

4

* 1.12 2 1.12 * 0.05 1.74 * 10 3 m3

Vay the tch thep buong boc

VtB 0.111 0.017 1.74 * 10 3 0.12974 m3
- The tch thep lam ay
Vt.ay = dien tch be mat trong ay * be day ay = 1.713*10*10-3 = 17.13*10-3 m3
- The tch thep lam nap
Vt nap = dien tch be mat trong nap * be day nap = 3.03*10*10-3 = 30.3*10-3 m3
- The tch thep lam ong truyen nhiet
Vt.ong = Vt.ongTN + Vt.ongtuanhoan

= 175*

4


* 0.0452 0.0412 * 1.5 * 0.3252 0.3152 * 1.5 0.078 m3
4

- The tch thep lam bch buong ot
The tch thep lam 2 mat bch khong co v ong

4

4

V1 2. D 2ng.bch . .H bch D 2ngb .H bch 2 * * 0.022 * 1.24 2 1.1082 0.0107 m3
4


The tch thep 2 mat bch co v


V2 = 2 * * H bch D 2ng.bch D 2ng.tuan.hoan 175 * D 2ng.ongTN
4

SVTH : trang 35
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

= 2 * * 0.022 * 1.242 0.3252 175 * 0.0452 0.0372 m3
4
- The tch thep lam bch noi buong boc vi nap

4

V3 = 2* * H bch * D 2ng.bch D 2ngbB 2 * * (1.742 1.622 ) * 0.035 0.0222 m3
4

Tong the tch thep lam thiet b khong ke ong truyen nhiet

Vthep.1 = 0.0208 + 0.12974 + 17.13*10-3 + 30.3*10-3 + 0.0107 +0.0372 +0.0222

= 0.26807 m3
Khoi lng thep lam thiet b khong tnh ong truyen nhiet
mthep.1 = 0.26807*7900 2118 kg
Khoi lng thep lam thiet b
mthep = 2118 + 0.078*7900 2734 kg
Khoi lng dung dch ln nhat la 3097.5 kg
Tong tai trong cua thiet b
M = 2734 + 3097.5 = 5831.5 kg

2. Tai treo
- Dung 4 tai treo
- Tai trong tren moi tai treo
5831.5 * 9.81
m= 14301.75 N
4
Tra bang XIII.36 trang 438 Tai lieu [2] ta c
Tai trong cho phep 25000 N
Be mat 173*10-4 m2
Tai trong cho phep tren be mat q = 1.45*106 N/m2
Cac kch thc
L = 150 mm S = 8 mm
B = 120 mm l = 60 mm
B1 = 130 mm a = 20
H = 215 mm d = 30 mm
Khoi lng 3.48 kg, vat lieu thep CT3

IX. CAC NG ONG DAN, CA

1. Ong va ca nhap lieu
Thi gian nhap lieu : nl = 15 phut = 900 s
Lu lng nhap lieu

SVTH : trang 36
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

2.5 1
Vnl 2.78 * 10 3 m3/s
900 360
Chon van toc dung dch i trong ong
1.5 m/s (trang 74 Tai lieu [2])
Vay ng knh ong nhap lieu
4.Vnl 4
d nl 0.0486 m =48.6 mm
. * 1.5 * 360
Chon ong thep tieu chuan theo bang XIII.33 Tai lieu [2]
ng knh trong 50 mm
Be day 3.5 mm
Chieu dai ong 100 mm

2. Ong va ca thao lieu

Thi gian thao lieu tl = 15 phut = 900 s
1.38
Lu lng thao lieu Vtl 1.53 m3/s
900
Chon van toc dung dch i trong ong
1.5 m/s (trang 74 Tai lieu [2])
ng knh ong thao lieu
4 * 1.38
d tl 0.036 m = 36 mm
* 1.5 * 900
Chon ong thao lieu
ng knh trong 40 mm
Be day 2.5 mm
Chieu dai 100 mm

3. Ong dan hi th
Thi gian co ac (lay trong giai oan au)
1 = 936.8 s
Lng hi th trong giai oan au 516.25 kg
Vay lu lng hi th
516.25
Vht 2.478 m3/s ( hith 0.2224kg/m3)
0.2224 * 936.8
Chon van toc hi i trong ong vht = 20 m/s
ng knh ong dan hi th
4.Vht 4 * 516.25
d ht 0.397 m = 397 mm
.v ht * 20 * 0.2224 * 936.8
Chon dht = 400 mm

SVTH : trang 37
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Be day S = 13 mm
Chieu dai 150 mm

4. Ong dan hi ot
Thi gian co ac va gia nhiet =44.5 phut = 2670 s
Lng hi ot D = 1698.95 kg
Khoi lng rieng hi ot 3 at h 1.628kg/m3
lu lng hi ot
1698.95
Vh D/( h . )= 0.39 m3/s
1.628 * 2670
Chon van toc hi ot vh = 20 m/s
ng knh ong dan hi ot
4.Vh 4 * 0.39
d h 0.157 m = 157 mm
.v h * 20
Chon dh = 160 mm
Be day S = 5 mm
Chieu dai 130 mm

5. Ong dan nc ngng

Lng nc ngng mn = 1698.95 kg
Thi gian ngng =44.5 phut = 2670 s
Khoi lng rieng nc ngng 132.9oC
n 932.277 kg/m3
lu lng nc ngng
1698.95
Vnn 6.83 * 10 4
2670 * 932.277
Chon van toc nc ngng chay trong ong vnn = 1.5 m/s
ng knh ong dan nc ngng
4.Vnn 4 * 6.83 * 10 4
d nn 0.024 m = 24 mm
.v nn * 1.5
Chon dnn = 25 mm
Be day S = 3.5 mm
Chieu dai 90 mm

Tom tat cac ng ong dan va ca

Ong ng knh trong, mm Be day, mm Chieu dai, mm

Nhap lieu 50 3.5 100

SVTH : trang 38
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Thao lieu 40 2.5 100

Hi th 400 13 150

Hi ot 160 5 130

Nc ngng 25 3.5 90

CHNG III. CAC CHI TIET THIET B PHU

I. THIET B NGNG TU BAROMET

1. Chi ph nc e ngng tu
Cong thc 4.39 trang 188 Tai lieu [4]
i c n .t n 2
Gn W
c n .t n 2 t n1
Trong o
Gn : lng nc can cung cap, kg
W : lng hi th can ngng, kg
i : entanpi cua hi th ap suat ngng tu 0.35 at, J/ kg
i = 2626*103 J/kg (bang I.251 trang 314 Tai lieu [1])
cn : nhiet dung rieng trung bnh cua nc, J/kg o
cn =4178 J/kg o
tn1, tn2: nhiet o vao va ra cua nc, oC
tn1 = 25oC
tn2 = 60oC
2626 * 103 4178* 60
G n 1161.5625* 18868.1 kg
4178* 60 25

2. Lng khong kh do bm hut t thiet b ngng tu

- Theo cong thc 4.40 trang 188 Tai lieu [4]
Gkk = 0.01*W + 2.5*10-5*(W + Gn)
Trong o
W : lng hi th can ngng, kg
Gn : lng nc can cho ngng tu, kg
Gkk : lng khong kh can hut, kg
G kk 0.01* 1161.5625 2.5 * 105 * 1161.5625 18868.1 12.12 kg
- The tch khong kh can hut (cong thc VI.49 trang 84 Tai lieu [2])
288 * G kk * (273 t kk )
Vkk
P Ph

SVTH : trang 39
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Vi
tkk : nhiet o khong kh oC
Thiet b ngng tu trc tiep loai kho (cong thc VI.50 trang 84 Tai lieu [2])
tkk = tn1 + 4 + 0.1*(tn2 tn1) = 25 + 4 + 0.1*(60 25) = 32.5oC
P : ap suat hon hp trong thiet b ngng tu, N/m2
P = 0.35 at = 34335 N/m2
Ph : ap suat rieng phan cua hi nc trong hon hp, lay bang ap suat hi bao
hoa tkk
Ph = 0.0503 at = 4934.43 N/m2
- Vay the tch khong kh can hut
288 * 12.12 * (273 32.5)
Vkk = 36.27 m3
34335 4934.43
The tch khong kh can hut 0oC va 760 mmHg
Vkk1 = 0.001*(0.02*(W+Gn)+8W) =
=0.001*(0.02*(18868.1+1161.5625)+8*1161.5625) = 9.69 m3

3. ng knh thiet b ngng tu

- Theo cong thc VI.52 trang 84 Tai lieu [2]
W
D tr NT 1.383 *
h * h
Vi W : lu lng hi ngng, kg/s
1161.5625
W= 0.48 kg/s
2400
h : khoi lng rieng hi ap suat 0.35 at
h 0.2166 kg/m3 (trang 314 Tai lieu [1])
h : toc o hi, m/s
Chon h = 20 m/s
Dtr(NT) : ng knh trong thiet b ngng tu
0.48
D tr NT 1.383 * 0.46 m
0.2166 * 20
- Chon ng knh trong thiet b ngng tu 500 mm

4. Kch thc tam ngan

- Tam ngan dang hnh vien phan
- Chieu rong tam ngan b
D tr NT 500
b 50 50 300 mm
2 2
- Tren tam ngan uc nhieu lo nho

SVTH : trang 40
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

- Nc lam nguoi la nc sach

- Lay ng knh lo dlo = 2 mm
- Tong dien tch lo tren mot cap tam ngan
G
f n , cong thc VI.54 trang 85 Tai lieu [2]
c
Gn : lu lng nc, m/s
18868.1
Gn = 7.86 kg/s
2400
c : toc o tia nc, m/s
Chon chieu cao g tam ngan la 40 mm nen c =0.62 m/s
7.86
f * 106 12981.58 mm2
0.62 * 976.57
Vi n 976.57 kg/m3 72.05oC
- So lo n
4.f 4 * 12981.58
n 4133 lo
2
.d lo *4
- Chon chieu day tam ngan 4 mm
- Cac lo xep theo hnh luc giac eu
0.5
f
- Bc lo t = 0.866* d lo * c , mm
ftb
fc
t so gia dien tong dien tch tiet dien lo vi dien tch tiet dien thiet b ngng
f tb
tu
fc 12981.58
0.066
ftb 5002
*
4
- Vay bc lo
t 0.866 * 2 * 0.0660.5 0.44 mm

5. Chieu cao thiet b ngng tu

- Mc o un nong nc ( cong thc VI.56 trang 85 Tai lieu [2])
t n 2 t n1 60 25
P 0.744
t o t n1 72.05 25
- Tra bang VI.7 trang 86 Tai lieu [2] vi ng knh tia nc 2 mm th
So bac 4
So ngan 8
Khoang cach gia cac ngan 400 mm

SVTH : trang 41
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Thi gian ri qua mot bac 0.41 s

- Chon khoang cach gia cac ngan giam dan t di len nh sau 400 mm, 350 mm, 300
mm, 250mm, 200 mm, 150mm, 100 mm
- Khoang cach t ngan tren cung nap thiet b 1300 mm
- Khoang cach t ngan di cung en ay thiet b 1200 mm
- Nap elip tieu chuan co g, ung knh trong 500 mm
Chieu cao g 50 mm
Chieu cao phan elip 125 mm
- ay non tieu chuan co g, goc ay 60oC, ung knh trong 500 mm
Chieu cao g 50 mm
Chieu cao phan non 450 mm
- Vay chieu cao thiet b ngng tu
Hnt = 125 + 25 +1300 + 100 +150 +200 +250 +300 +350 +400 +1200 +50 +450
=4900 mm = 4.9 m

6. ng knh ong baromet

Theo cong thc VI.57 trang 86 Tai lieu [2]
0.004 * G n W
db ,m
*
Vi W : lu lng hi ngng, kg/s
Gn : lu lng nc lanh ti vao thap, kg/s
: toc o hon hp nc va hi a ngng chay trong ong, thng lay
=0.5 0.6 m/s. Vay chon = 0.55 m/s
db : ng knh trong ong baramet, m
0.004 * 7.86 0.48
db 0.139 m
* 0.55
Chon ng knh ong baromet db = 150 mm

7. Chieu cao ong baromet

H = h1 + h2 + 0.5 , m (cong thc VI.58 trang 86 Tai lieu [2])
h1 : chieu cao cot nc trong ong baromet can bang vi hieu so gia ap suat kh
quyen va ap suat trong thiet b ngng tu
h2 : chieu cao cot nc trong ong dan can e khac phuc toan bo tr lc khi nc chay
trong ong
- Tnh h1
P'
h1 = 10.33 * , m (cong thc Vi.59 trang 86 Tai lieu [2])
760
P o chan khong trong thiet b ngng tu P = 0.65 at = 477.75 mmHg

SVTH : trang 42
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

477.75
h1 = 10.33 * 6.49 m 6.5 m
760
- Tnh h2
2 H
h2 1 , m (cong thc VI.60 trang 87 Tai lieu [2])
2g db

Lay 1 2 1.5
1 0.5 he so tr lc khi vao ong
2 1 he so tr lc khi ra khoi ong
H : chieu cao ong baromet, m
db : ng knh trong ong baromet, db = 0.15 m
: he so tr lc do ma sat khi nc chay trong ong
. .d
Re =

Vi = 0.55 m/s van toc nc chay trong ong
d = 0.15 m ng knh trong ong baromet
983 .2 kg/m3 khoi lng rieng cua nc 60oC
0.47 * 10 3 Ns/m2 o nht ong lc cua nc 60oC
0.55 * 983.2 * 0.15
Re 81114 10 5 che o chay roi
0.47 * 10 3
0.221
0.0032 0.017
811140.227
0.552 H
h2 1 0.017 * 1.5 0.0385 1.75 * 10 3 H
2 * 9.81 0.15
- Tnh H
H= 6.5 + 0.0385 + 1.75*10-3H
H 6.55 m
Chon H= 7 m

8. Cac kch thc khac

- Chieu day thanh thiet b 5 mm
- Lo hi vao 300 mm
- Lo nc vao 100 mm
- Hon hp kh va hi ra noi vi thiet b thu hoi 80 mm
- ng knh ong noi t thiet b thu hoi en ong baromet 50 mm
- Khoang cach t tam thiet b ngng tu en tam thiet b thu hoi 675 mm

SVTH : trang 43
 o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

- ng knh thiet b thu hoi 400 mm

- Chieu cao thiet b thu hoi 1440 mm
- Hon hp kh va hi ra khoi thiet b thu hoi 50 mm
- Ong thong kh 50 mm

II. BM
1. Bm chan khong
o Toc o hut cua bm chan khong 0oc va 760 mmHg
SB = 9.69/40 = 0.24 m3/ph = 14.535 m3/h
Cong suat bm chan khong
m 1

Vkk m p m
N .p1 . 2 1
ck .t m 1 p1

m : ch so a bien, thng m = 1.2 1.62. Lay m = 1.3
p1 : ap suat trc khi nen. p1 = P Ph = 0.35 0.05 = 0.3 at
Ph = 0.05 ap suat hi nc trong hon hp
p2 : ap suat sau khi nen. P2 = Pa = 1 at = 9.81*104 N/m2
Vkk : the tch khong kh can hut, m3
t : thi gian co ac, s
ck : he so hieu chnh, ck = 0.8
1.31

36.27 1.3 1 1.3
N 4
* 0.3 * 9.81* 10 * 1 771.58 W
0.8 * 2400 1.3 1 0.3

Chon bm chan khong
Hieu bm KBH-4
Toc o hut 0oC va 760 mmHg: 0.4 m3/ph
Ap suat gii han: 110 mmHg
Cong suat ong c 1.5 kW
Khoi lng bm 38 kg

2. Bm nhap lieu
Cong suat bm
Q.H. .g
N
1000.
Q : lu lng nhap lieu, m3/s

SVTH : trang 44
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

2.5
Q 0.00278 m3/s
900
H : cot ap cua bm, m
Phng trnh Bernoulli cho 2 mat cat 1-1 (mat thoang be cha nguyen lieu) va 2-2
(mieng ong nhap lieu)
p1 1. v1 2 p2 2. v 2 2
Z1+ H = Z2+ h1-2
2g 2g

Trong o
Z1, Z2 : chieu cao hnh hoc cua mat cat so vi at. Chon Z1 = 2 m, Z2 = 6.5 m
p1,p2 : ap suat tai 2 mat cat. p1 = p2 = 1 at
v1,v2 : van toc dung dch tai 2 mat cat, m/s
v1 = 0
v2 = v : van toc dung dch i trong ong, m/s
h1-2 : tong ton that trong ong, m
v2 l
Ta co h12
2g d
: tong he so ton that cuc bo
vao 2. khuc.quanh.90 2. van ra 0.5 2 *1.19 2 * 0.5 1 4.88
l, d : chieu dai, ng knh ong noi bm, m
: he so ma sat
Xac nh
Chon ng knh d = dhut = day = dnl = 50 mm
Van toc chay trong ong
4.Q 4
v 2
1.415 m/s
.d * 0.052 360
v.d. 1.415 * 0.05 * 1239
Chuan so Re = 66915.5
1.31 * 10 3
Vi : khoi lung rieng dung dch KOH 25%, kg/m3
: o nht ong lc cua dung dch KOH 25%, Pa.s
Chon o nham ong thep 0.2 mm
8 8
d 7 50 7
Re gh 6. 6 * 3301.07
0.2
9 9
d 8 50 8
Re n 220. 220 * 109674.4
0.2
Vay Regh < Re < Ren nen

SVTH : trang 45
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

0.25 0.25
100 0.2 100
0.11.46 * 0.11.46 * 0.029
d Re 50 66915.5
Chieu dai ng ong t be len ca nhap lieu l = 7 m
Tong ton that ap suat
1.4152 7
h12 * 0.029 * 4.88 0.91 m
2 * 9.81 0.05
Chon 1 2 1 Cot ap cua bm
p 2 p1 v2 1.4152
H = (Z2 Z1) + h12 6.5 2 0.91 5.51 m
2g 2 * 9.81
Cong suat bm
5.51 * 1239* 9.81
N 0.23 kW
360 * 1000 * 0.8
Chon bm theo bang 1.7 trang 35 Tai lieu [4]
Hieu bm : X20/18
Lu lng Q = 5.5*10-3 m3/s
Cot ap H = 10.5 m
So vong n = 48.3 v/ph
ong c ien : Loai A02-31-2
Cong suat N = 3 kW
Hieu suat 0.83
3. Bm vao thiet b ngng tu
Cong suat bm
Q.H. n .g
N
1000.
n : khoi lng rieng cua nc 25oC, n =996.9 kg/m3
: hieu suat cua bm, = 0.8
Q : lu lng nhap lieu, m3/s
G 18868.1
Q n 7.89 * 103 m3/s
n .t 996.9 * 2400
t : thi gian co ac, s
H : cot ap cua bm, m
Phng trnh Bernoulli cho 2 mat cat 1-1 (mat thoang bon cha nc vao thiet b
ngng tu) va 2-2 (mat thoang ca vao ong dan nc)
p1 1. v1 2 p2 2. v 2 2
Z1+ H = Z2+ h1-2
2g 2g
Trong o

SVTH : trang 46
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Z1, Z2 : chieu cao hnh hoc cua mat cat so vi at. Chon Z1 = 2 m, Z2 = 12 m
p1
p1 : ap suat tai mat cat 1-1, p1 = 1 at 10 mH2O

p2
p2 : ap suat tai mat cat 2-2, p2 = 0.35 at 3.5 mH2O

v1,v2 : van toc nc tai 2 mat cat, m/s
v1 = 0
v2 = v : van toc nc chay trong ong, m/s
h1-2 : tong ton that trong ong, m
v2 l
Ta co h12
2g d
: tong he so ton that cuc bo
vao 2. khuc.quanh.90 2. van ra 0.5 2 *1.19 2 * 0.5 1 4.88
l, d : chieu dai, ng knh ong noi t be cha en thiet b ngng tu, m
: he so ma sat
Xac nh
Chon ng knh d = dhut = day = dnl =100 mm
Van toc chay trong ong
4.Q 4 * 7.89 * 10 3
v 1.005m/s
.d 2 * 0.12
v.d. 1.005 * 0.1 * 996.9
Chuan so Re = 112318.89
0.892 * 10 3
Vi : khoi lung rieng cua nc 25oC, kg/m3
: o nht ong lc cua nc 25oC, =0.892*10-3
Chon o nham ong thep 0.2 mm
8 8
d 7 100 7
Re gh 6. 6 * 7289.34
0.2
9 9
d 8 100 8
Re n 220. 220 * 239201.1
0.2
Vay Regh < Re < Ren nen
0.25 0.25
100 0.2 100
0.11.46 * 0.11.46 * 0.025
d Re 100 112318.89
Chieu dai ng ong t be len ca nhap lieu l = 15 m
Tong ton that ap suat
1.0052 15
h12 * 0.025* 4.88 0.44 m
2 * 9.81 0.1

SVTH : trang 47
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Chon 1 2 1 Cot ap cua bm

p 2 p1 v2 1.0052
H = (Z2 Z1) + h12 12 2 (3.5 10) 0.44 4 m
2g 2 * 9.81
Cong suat bm
7.89 * 10 3 * 4 * 996.9 * 9.81
N 0.39 kW
1000 * 0.8

Chon bm theo bang 1.7 trang 35 Tai lieu [4]

Hieu bm : X45/21
Lu lng Q = 12.5*10-3 m3/s
Cot ap H = 13.5 m
So vong n = 48.3 v/ph
ong c ien : Loai A02-51-2
Cong suat N = 10 kW
Hieu suat 0.88

SVTH : trang 48
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

CHNG IV. TNH GIA THANH THIET B

- Khoi lng thep lam thiet b khong ke ong truyen nhiet : 2118 kg
Gia thep X18H10T : 50000 /kg
$thiet b = 50000*2118 = 105900000
- Ong truyen nhiet
Ong co d < 50 mm gia 50000 /m
Ong co d >50 mm gia 100000 /m
$ong = 175*1.5*50000 + 100000*1.5 = 13275000
- Bulong
Gia 1 bulong 3000 /cai
$bulong = (28*2 +40 + 8*6)*3000 = 432000
- em
Gia 250000
$em = 3*250000 = 750000
- Tai
Vat lieu CT3, gia 10000 /kg
Khoi lng 1 tai 3.48 kg
$tai treo = 3.48*4*10000 = 139000
- Ca quan sat : 300000 /cai
Vay tong gia thanh thiet b chnh
$thiet b chnh = (105.9 + 13.275 +0.432 + 0.75 + 0.139 +0. 3)*106 = 120796000
- Nhiet ke gia: 150000 /cai
$nhiet ke = 150000*2 = 300000
- Ap ke gia: 600000 /cai
$ap ke = 60000*3 = 1800000
- Bm chan khong 1500000 /cai
- Bm nhap lieu

SVTH : trang 49
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

Cong suat N = 0.23 kW = 0.3 Hp

Chon bm 0.5 Hp
Gia bm 700000 /Hp
$bm nhap lieu = 700000*0.5 = 350000
- Bm vao thiet b ngng tu (bm nc)
N = 0.39 kW = 0.52 Hp
Chon bm 1 Hp
$bm nc = 700000*1= 700000
- Thiet b ngng tu baromet va bnh tach long gia: 15000000
Vay tong gia thanh thiet b ( cha ke tien gia cong lap at)
$ = (120796 + 0.3 + 1.8 +1.5 +0.35 +0.7 +15)*106 = 140446000
Neu tnh gia gia cong bang 100% gia vat t th tong gia thanh thiet b la
$tong = 2*140446000 = 280892000

SVTH : trang 50
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

KET LUAN

He thong co ac c thiet ke gom noi co ac va thiet b ngng tu baromet kha n

gian, khong phc tap, khong can thiet b gia nhiet ban au va bon cao v e on nh lu
lng. Thi gian co ac tng oi ngan (1.25 gi), he so truyen nhiet at c trong qua
trnh co ac la kha cao.
Thiet b tng oi nho gon, gia thanh khong qua cao co the chap nhan c.
Tuy nhien ta kho co the ieu khien c qua trnh co ac va thi gian co ac co the
thay oi khong on nh, nong o at c la khong cao.
Qua trnh co ac la qua trnh can thiet trong cong nghe hoa chat va thc pham nen
can c nghien cu phat trien e co c hieu qua co ac cao, chi ph thap.

SVTH : trang 51
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] Cac tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va thiet b Cong nghe hoa chat, Tap 1, NXB
Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, 1992
[2] Cac tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va thiet b Cong nghe hoa chat, Tap 2, NXB
Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, 1992
[3] Pham Van Bon (chu bien) Nguyen nh Tho, Giao trnh QT & TB CNHH
tap 5 : Qua trnh va thiet b truyen nhiet, NXB H Quoc gia TP HCM, 2002
[4] Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam, QT & TB CNHH tap 10 :
V du va Bai tap, Trng H Bach Khoa TP HCM
[5] Pham Van Bon, QT & TB CNHH tap 11 : Hng dan o an mon hoc, Trng
H Bach Khoa TP HCM, 1993
[6] Tran Hung Dung Nguyen Van Luc Hoang Minh Nam Vu Ba Minh, QT
& TB CNHH tap 1, quyen 2 : Phan rieng bang kh ong, lc ly tam, Bm, quat, may nen,
Tnh he thong ng ong, NXB H Quoc gia TP HCM, 1997
[7] Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b hoa chat, NXB Khoa hoc
va Ky thuat, 1978
[8] Hoang nh Tn, Truyen nhiet & Tnh toan thiet b trao oi nhiet, Trng H
Bach Khoa TP HCM, 1996
[9] Nguyen Van Lua, QT & TB CNHH tap 1, quyen 1: Khuay Lang Loc, NXB
H Quoc gia TP HCM, 2002

SVTH : trang 52
o an mon hoc May va Thiet b GVHD : TSKH. Le Xuan Hai

SVTH : trang 53