MC LC

MC LC ........................................................................................................................ i
DANH SCH BNG .................................................................................................... iv
QUY C K HIU .................................................................................................... iv
T VN ................................................................................................................ vi
TI THIT K ....................................................................................................... vii
Chng 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN ..................................................................... 1
1.1 TNG QUAN V NHO ....................................................................................1
1.1.1. Gii thiu v nho ........................................................................................1
1.1.2 Thnh phn ha hc ....................................................................................1
1.2 GII THIU V QU TRNH C C.........................................................2
1.2.1 nh ngha c c ........................................................................................2
1.2.2 Phn loi phng php c c.....................................................................3
1.2.3 Phn loi thit b c c v ng dng .........................................................3
1.2.4 Cc loi thit b c c chnh ......................................................................4
Chng 2: QUY TRNH C C DUNG DCH NHO ........................................... 6
2.1 NGUYN TC HOT NG CA H THNG C DC ..........................6
2.2 NGUYN TC HOT NG CA NG TUN HON TRUNG TM ..........6
Chng 3: CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG....................................... 8
3.1 CC THNG S V S LIU BAN U ....................................................8
3.2. CN BNG VT CHT ................................................................................8
3.2.1 Phng trnh cn bng vt cht ca qu trnh bc hi c c.................8
3.2.2 Tn tht nhit trong h ..........................................................................8
3.3 CN BNG NHIT LNG ........................................................................11
3.3.1 Nhit dung ring ........................................................................................11
3.3.2 Nhit lng ring ......................................................................................11
3.4 CN BNG NNG LNG .........................................................................12
3.5 TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C ..........................13
3.5.1 Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng (q1) ...........................................................13
3.5.2. Nhit ti ring pha dung dch (q2): .........................................................14
3.5.3 Nhit ti ring pha tng (qv) ..................................................................15
3.5.4 H s truyn nhit K cho qu trnh c c ................................................16
3.5.5 Tnh nhit lng do hi t cung cp .......................................................16
3.5.6. Din tch b mt truyn nhit ...................................................................16
Chng 4: THIT B CHNH ................................................................................... 17
4.1. BUNG T .................................................................................................17
4.1.1 Tnh s ng truyn nhit ...........................................................................17
4.1.2 ng knh ng tun hon trung tm........................................................17

i
 4.1.3 ng knh bung t...............................................................................17
4.2 BUNG BC ..................................................................................................18
4.2.1 ng knh bung bc ..............................................................................18
4.2.2. Chiu cao bung bc hi ..........................................................................18
4.2.3 Tnh kch thc cc ng dn .....................................................................19
CHNG 5: THIT B PH .................................................................................... 22
5.1. CN BNG VT LIU ................................................................................22
5.1.1. Lng nc lnh cn thit ti vo thit b ngng t .........................22
5.1.2. Th tch kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b ...........22
5.2. KCH THC THIT B NGNG T ........................................................23
5.2.1 ng knh thit b ngng t ....................................................................23
5.2.2 Kch thc tm ngn .................................................................................24
5.2.3 Chiu cao thit b ngng t .......................................................................25
5.2.4. Tnh kch thc ng baromet ...................................................................27
5.3. CHN BM ...................................................................................................28
5.3.1. Bm chn khng.......................................................................................28
Chng 6: TNH TON C KH ............................................................................. 30
6.1 B DY BUNG T ..................................................................................30
6.2 B DY BUNG BC ..................................................................................31
6.3. B DY Y BUNG T: .....................................................................32
6.4 B DY Y NN BUNG T:.............................................................33
6.5 B DY NP BUNG BC: ........................................................................34
6.6 TNH B DY LP CCH NHIT CA THN THIT B .......................34
6.7 CHN MT BCH..........................................................................................35
6.7.1 Mt bch ni vi y, np ca bung t v bung bc.......................35
6.7.2 Mt bch ni cc ng dn ......................................................................35
6.8 TNH V NG .................................................................................................36
6.9 TAI TREO .......................................................................................................37
6.9.1 Khi lng bch .........................................................................................37
6.9.2 Khi lng ng truyn nhit .....................................................................38
6.9.3 Khi lng ng tun hon trung tm ........................................................38
6.9.4 Khi lng v ng ....................................................................................38
6.8.5 Khi lng bung bc ...............................................................................38
6.9.6 Khi lng bung t ...............................................................................38
6.9.7 Khi lng np bung bc ........................................................................38
6.9.8 Khi lng y bung t .........................................................................39
6.9.9 Khi lng on thu hp trung gian ni bung t v bung bc............39
ii
 6.10 KNH QUAN ST ........................................................................................40
6.11 CA NGI .................................................................................................40
KT LUN ................................................................................................................... 42
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................. 43

iii
 DANH SCH BNG
Bng 2.1 Thnh phn ha hc ca nho .................................................................... 2
Bng 3.1 Nhit ca h thng c c ......................................................................... 10
Bng 3.2 Bng nhit dung ring ..................................................................................... 12
Bng 5.1 Kch thc cc thnh phn ca thit b ngng t ..................................... 26
Bng 6.1 Kch thc bch ni bung t, bung bc. ................................................. 35
Bng 6.2 Kch thc bch ni cc ng dn. ............................................................. 36
Bng 6.3 Khi lng bch ........................................................................................ 38
Bng 6.4 S liu kch thc tai treo ......................................................................... 40
Bng 6.5 Kch thc knh quan st .......................................................................... 40
Bng 6.6 Kch thc ca ngi ............................................................................... 41

iv
 QUY C K HIU
n gin trong vic ch thch ti liu, quy c k hiu nh sau:
- x, STQTTB T1, y: S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht, tp 1.
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut.
- x, STQTTB T2, y: S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht, tp 2.
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut.
- x, s tay thit k, Phm Vn Thm, y: S tay thit k thit b ha cht v ch
bin thc phm a dng. Trng i hc Cn Th
- x, QTTB tp 3, y: Cc qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc
phm, tp 3 Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit. Nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut H Ni.
- x, QTTB tp 5, y: Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc tp 5. Trng i
hc bch khoa TP. HCM.
Vi x: s ch cng thc, s bng, hnh.
y: s trang.

v
 T VN
Vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut, ngnh cng nghip
nc ta ang phi i mt vi nhiu th thch. tr thnh mt k s, c bit l
k s cng ngh thc phm, chng em nhn thc c rng vic tnh ton, thit k
my mc, thit b l mt vic quan trng v cn thit.
K thut c c ra i t rt lu v c ng dng rt ph bin trong cng
ngh ha cht c bit l trong cng nghip sn xut thc phm. S c c cc thc
phm dng lng nh tr, c ph, nc tri cy,..l mt trong nhng phng php
bo v tt nht c tnh vn c ca chng, bo qun lu, gim chi ph bo qun v
vn chuyn. Sau khi phc hi lng nc mt i sau qu trnh c c, sn phm
thc t gn nh ban u.
Theo s phn cng ca gio vin hng dn nn nhm nhn nhim v ca
n vi ti: Thit k h thng c c dung dch nc nho hot ng lin tc mt
ni (bung t trong, thit b tun hon gia) vi nng sut 1100kg/h.
V n Qu trnh v Thit b l ti ln u tin nhm m nhn nn
thiu st v hn ch trong qu trnh thc hin l khng trnh khi. Do , chng em
rt mong nhn c thm gp , ch dn t thy, c gio cng c v m rng
kin thc chuyn mn.

vi
 TI THIT K
Tn ti: Thit k h thng c c dung dch nc nho hot ng lin tc mt ni
(bung t trong, thit b tun hon gia) vi nng sut 1100 kg/h.
S liu ban u:
- Nng u: 16%
- Nng cui: 48%
Yu cu tnh ton:
- Kch thc thit b chnh (ni c c): bung bc, bung t, y, np.
- Thit b ph: thit b ngng t Baromet.

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 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Chng 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN

1.1 TNG QUAN V NHO
1.1.1. Gii thiu v nho
Nho l mt loi qu mc trn cc cy dng dy leo thn g hoc ch
chnh cc loi cy ny. Cc loi cy ny thuc v h Vitaceae. Qu nho mc thnh
chm t 6 n 300 qu, chng c mu en, lam, vng, lc, -ta hay trng. Khi
chn, qu nho c th n ti hoc c sy kh lm nho kh, cng nh c
dng sn xut cc loi ru vang, thch nho, nc qu, du ht nho v n c
hng v m , v ngt, mnh ca cn cn i vi chua, cht ca acid, tannin,
li thm cc v phong ph ca glyxerin, axit amin
Nho l loi tri cy giu cht ng d chuyn ha trong c th, to thnh
nhiu loi vitamin. Hp cht ng c trong qu nho ch yu l ng glucose, c
th hp th trc tip c, sau l ng fructose v saccharose Do , thng
xuyn n nho s c tc dng b ch rt ln i vi nhng ngi thn kinh suy
nhc, ngi mt mi yu sc cng nh nhng ngi gi yu. Trong qu nho,
lng ln acid tartaric c tc dng h tr tiu ha rt tt, hp cht ng v cht st
trong qu nho kh rt cao, c tc dng tt i vi tr em v ph n, cng nh nhng
ngi c th suy nhc, thiu mu.
1.1.2 Thnh phn ha hc

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Bng 1.1 Thnh phn ha hc ca nho

Thnh phn ha Thnh phn ha Thnh phn ha Thnh phn ha

hc cung nho hc ca ht nho hc ca dch qu hc ca v nho
(%) (%) nho (%) (%)
Nc: 75 - 80 Nc: 25 - 45 Nc: 70 - 78 Nc: 25 - 45
Cellulose: 7 - 10 Glucid: 34 - 36 ng: 20 - 25 Cellulose: 18 - 20
Acid hu c:
Tannin: 1 - 3 Lipid: 10 - 20 Khong: 1,5 - 2%
0,2 -0,5

Khong: 1,5 - 2 Tannin: 4 - 8 Khong Acid hu c: 1

Acid hu c: Hp cht nit:

Pectin: 0,1 - 0,3 Tannin: 0,5 - 2
0,3 - 1,2 4-6
Hp cht cha Nit: Cht mu
ng: 0,3 - 0,5 Khong: 1 - 4
0,05 - 0,1 (anthocyan)

Acid d bay hi
Nha: 1,2 V cc vitamin Cht mi
0,5 - 1
(Ngun: https://cntp11htp01.wordpress.com/2012/10/22/nhom-3-cong-nghe-san-xuat-nuoc-nho-dong-hop/)

1.2 GII THIU V QU TRNH C C

1.2.1 nh ngha c c
C c l qu trnh lm bay hi mt phn dung mi ca dung dch cha cht
tan khng bay hi nhit si, vi mc ch:
- Lm tng nng cht tan.
- Tch cht rn ha tan dng tinh th (kt tinh).
- Thu dung mi dng nguyn cht.
C c c tin hnh nhit si, mi p sut (p sut chn khng, p
sut thng hay p sut d), trong thi t bi c c m t n i hay nhi u n i va qua trin
h
co th gian oa n hay lin tu c.
Hi bay ra trong qu trnh c c thng l hi nc (gi l hi th), c
nhit cao, n nhit ha hi ln nn c s dng lm hi t cho cc ni c c.
(Phm Xun Ton, 2003)

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1.2.2 Phn loi phng php c c

- Phng php nhit (un nng): dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang
trng thi hi di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p
sut tc dng ln mt thong cht lng.
- Phng php lnh: khi h nhit n mt mc no th mt cu t s
tch ra dng tinh th n cht tinh khit, thng l kt tinh dung mi tng
nng cht tan. Ty tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt
thong ma qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi
phi dng n my lnh.
1.2.3 Phn loi thit b c c v ng dng
Theo cu to
- Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin) dng c c dung
dch kh long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d dng qua b mt
truyn nhit.
- Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc, dng bm to vn tc dung dch t
1,5 3,5 m/s ti b mt truyn nhit nhm tng cng h s truyn nhit,
dng cho dung dch c st, nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt
truyn nhit.
- Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mng mng, mng ny tip xc vi b mt
truyn nhit v c gia nhit n nhit bc hi mt cch nhanh chng.
Thi t b ny thch hp cho cc thc phm cha thnh phn mn cm nh sa,
nc tri cy v hoa qu p.
Theo phng php thc hin
- C c p sut thng (thit b h): c nhit si, p sut khng i.
Thng dng c c dung dch lin tc gi mc dung dch c nh nhm
t c nng sut cc i v thi gian c c l ngn nht. Tuy nhin nng
dung dch t c l khng cao.
- C c p sut chn khng: dung dch c nhit si di 100oC, p sut
chn khng. Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn, s bay hi nc lin tc.
- C c nhiu ni: mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S ni khng nn qu
ln v n lm gim hiu qu tit kim hi. Ngi ta c th c chn khng, c
p lc hay phi hp c hai phng php v c bit c th s dng hi th
cho mc ch khc nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
- C c lin tc: cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on. C th c iu
khin t ng nhng hin cha c cm bin tin cy.
Theo p sut lm vic
H thng c c p sut thng cho cc dung dch khng phn hy nhit
cao. Dng h thng c c p sut chn khng nhm h thp nhit ca dung

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 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

dch gi cht lng ca sn phm v cc thnh phn mn cm vi nhit (tnh

cht t nhin, mu, mi, v, m bo lng vitamin).
(Phm Vn Bn v cng s. Trng i hc bch khoa TP. HCM.)
1.2.4 Cc loi thit b c c chnh
1.2.4.1 Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm
y l loi thit b c phn di l phng t, trong c ng truyn nhit
v ng tun hon tng i ln, dung dch trong ng cn hi t i vo khong
trng pha ngoi ng. Khi lm vic dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh
hn hp hi - lng c khi lng ring gim i v b y t di ln trn ming
ng, cn trong ng tun hon th tch dung dch theo mt n v b mt truyn nhit
ln hn so vi ng truyn nhit do lng hi to ra trong ng t hn. V vy,
khi lng ring ca hn hp hi - lng y ln hn trong ng truyn nhit, s b
y xung di. Kt qu l trong thit b c chuyn ng tun hon t nhin t di
ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung trong ng tun hon.
u im ca thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm l cu to n gin, d
sa cha v lm sch. Nhc im l vn tc tun hon nh (khng qu 1,5m/s) v
b gim do ng tun hon cng b un nng. ng dng ca thit b c c ng tun
hon trung tm l dng c c dung dch nht v dung dch to thnh vng, cn.
1.2.4.2 Thit b c c phng t treo
L loi thit b c phng t t gia thit b, khong trng vnh khn gia
phng t v v ng vai tr l ng tun hon. u im ca thit b c c phng
t treo l phng t c th ly ra ngoi khi cn sa cha, lm sch v vn tc tun
hon tt hn v v ngoi khng b t nng. Nhc im ca thit b ny l cu to
phc tp v c kch thc ln. Thit b c c phng t treo dng c c dung
dch kt tinh.
1.2.4.3 Thit b c c phng t ngoi
Thit b c c phng t ngoi kiu ng
Dung dch i vo bung t bn ngoi t ng, dung dch c bc hi
bung bc, hi th c tch ra i ln pha trn, dung dch cn li i v phng t.
u im ca thit b ny l cng tun hon, cng bc hi ln v c th
ghp nhiu bung t vi mt bung bc tin cho qu trnh sa cha, lm sch
m vn m bo thit b lm vic lin tc. Nhc im ca thit b ny l bung t
ng nn thit b cao v vic x l iu khin kh khn.
Thit b c c phng t ngoi kiu nm ngang
Loi ny c phng t l thit b hnh ch U. Dung dch nhnh di ca
ng truyn nhit chuyn ng t tri sang phi cn nhnh trn th t phi qua tri.

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 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

u im ca thit b ny l bung t c gn vo mt chic xe nh d dng tch

ra sa cha, lm sch v cng tun hon ln.
1.2.4.4 Thit b c c tun hon cng bc
Dung dch i vo phng t bng bm tun hon ri i ra pha di ca
phng bc, cn phn chnh th v li trn vi dung dch u. u im ca thit b
c c tun hon cng bc l h s cp nhit () ln, lm vic c iu kin
hiu s nhit c ch nh (3-5oC), gim c hin tng bm cn trn b mt
truyn nhit v c th c c dung dch c nht cao. Nhc im ca thit b ny
l tn nhiu nng lng cho bm. Thit b ny dng c c nhng dung dch c
nht ln, cng bay hi ln.
1.2.4.5 Thit b c c loi mng
Dung dch chuyn ng dc theo b mt truyn nhit dng mng mng t
di ln trn. Phng t l thit b loi ng chm dung dch i trong ng cn hi
t i ngoi ng. Khi si, hi th chim hu ht tit din ca ng i t di ln ko
theo mng cht lng v tip tc bay hi, nng dung dch ln n ming l t
c nng cn thit. u im ca thit b c c loi mng l p sut thu tnh
nh nn tn tht thu tnh b. Nhc im l kh lm sch v ng di, kh iu
chnh p sut hi t v mc dung dch thay i v khng thch hp vi dung dch
nht v dung dch kt tinh.
1.2.4.6 Thit b c c c vnh cht lng
Thit b ny gm phng t, pha trn phng t l phng si. Trn phng
si l nhng tm ngn hnh trn ng tm to thnh nhng khe hnh vnh khn, t
phng si hn hp hi-lng i ln phng bc hi. Hi th i ln ra ngoi, dung dch
cn li i xung phng t phn kt tinh lng xung y. Phng t c tc dng
nung nng dung dch khng c tc dng si. Dung dch ch si khi i vo cc tm
ngn. u im ca thit b ny l vn tc tun hon ln (n 3m/s) v thit b t
bm cn. Nhc im l cu to thit b phc tp. ng dng ca thit b ny l s
dng c c dung dch m c, kt tinh v dung dch c nht ln.
1.2.4.7 Thit b c c loi rto
Thit b c rto quay, c bao hi, cc cnh lp vo trc thng ng. Dung
dch u a vo bn trn thit b, c cnh quay, di tc dng ca ly tm cht lng
vng ra thnh thit b v chuyn ng xoy. Mng mng tip xc vi thit b c
nung nng bi bao hi. Hi th c a ln pha trn ri ra ngoi cn sn phm
c tho ra qua y thit b. u im ca thit b ny l cng truyn nhit ln,
dung dch b hi th ko theo nh v c th c c dung dch dng keo, c st.
Nhc im l cu to, gia cng phc tp, gi thnh cao. (Phm Xun Ton, 2003)

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 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Chng 2: QUY TRNH C C DUNG DCH NHO

2.1 NGUYN TC HOT NG CA H THNG C DC
Dung dch t b cha nguyn liu c bm ln bn cao v n p, t bn
cao v dung dch chy qua lu lng k nh lng ri chy xung thit b gia
nhit v c gia nhit n nhit si ri i vo thit b c c thc hin qu trnh
bc hi.
Dung dch sau khi c c c bm ra pha di thit b c c i vo b
cha sn phm. Hi th v kh khng ngng i ra pha trn ca thit b c c vo
thit b ngng t Baromet, ngng t thnh lng chy ra ngoi bn cha, phn khng
ngng qua b phn tch git ch cn kh khng ngng c bm chn khng ht
ra ngoi.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c : phn di ca thit b l bung t gm c cc
ng truyn nhit v mt ng tun hon trung tm. Dung dch i trong ng, hi t (hi
nc bo ha) s i trong khong khng gian pha ngoi ng.
2.2 NGUYN TC HOT NG CA NG TUN HON TRUNG TM
Do ng tun hon c ng knh ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc ng truyn nhit do
h s truyn nhit nh, dung dch s si t hn so vi dung dch trong ng truyn nhit.
Khi si dung dch s c ds = 0,5 dd do s to ra p lc y dung dch t trong ng
tun hon sang ng truyn nhit. Kt qu l to mt dng chuyn ng tun hon trong
thit b. ng tun hon trung tm hot ng c hiu qu dung dch ch nn cho vo
khong 0,4 0,7 chiu cao ng truyn nhit. Phn pha trn thit b l bung bc tch
hi ra khi dung dch, trong bung bc cn c b phn tch bt tch nhng git lng ra
khi hi th.
Hi t theo ng dn hi a vo bung t p sut 2,025 at. Hi th ngng t
theo ng dn nc ngng chy ra ngoi v phn kh khng ngng c x ra ngoi theo
ca x kh khng ngng.
Hi th bc ln theo ng dn thit b ngng t Baromet, ton b h thng (thit b
ngng t Baromet, thit b c c) lm vic iu kin chn khng do bm chn khng
to ra.
Dung dch nho c bm ra ngoi theo ng tho sn phm nh bm ly tm, vo
thng cha sn phm.

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S quy trnh cng ngh

1 Bm
2 B cha dung dch
3 Bn cao v
4 Lu lng k
5 Ni c c
6 Ngng t baromet
7 Tch git lng
8 Bm chn khng
9 B cha sn phm
10 B cha nc ngng

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Chng 3: CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG

3.1 CC THNG S V S LIU BAN U
- Dung dch c c: nc nho
- Nng u (x): 16%
- Nng cui (xc): 48%
- p sut hi t (t chn): 2,025 at nhit ca hi t: 1200C (Tra bng
I.251, STQTTB T1, 314).
- p sut thit b ngng t (t chn): 0,1258 at nhit hi th trong thit
b ngng t: 500C ( Tra bng I.250, STQTTB T1, 314).
- Nng sut sn phm: 1100 kg/h.
3.2. CN BNG VT CHT
3.2.1 Phng trnh cn bng vt cht ca qu trnh bc hi c c
G = G c + W
G.x = Gc.xc
Trong :
G , Gc: lu lng ban u (vo) v cui cng (ra) ca dung dch (kg/s)
W: lng hi th (kg)
x , xc: nng cht tan trong dung dch u v cui, phn khi lng.
Lng hi th bc ra:
xc 0,48
W = Gc ( -1) = 1100.( -1) = 2200 (kg/h)
x 0,16

Lu lng ban u ca dung dch:

G = Gc + W = 1100 + 2200 = 3300 (kg/h)
3.2.2 Tn tht nhit trong h
l tn tht nhit hi th trn ng ng dn t bung bc n thit b ngng
t. Chn = 1.
= tht tnt (VI.14, STQTTB T2, 60)
Vi tht: nhit hi bo ha ng vi p sut Pht (p sut hi th) ca hi th (0C)
tnt: nhit hi bo ha ng vi p sut Pnt trong thit b ngng t (0C)
tht = tnt + = 50 +1 = 510C
p sut bung bc ( bng I.250, STQTTB T1, 312): nhit hi th 510C
l 0,1327 at.

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 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Tn tht nhit trong h thng c c: tn tht do nng , tn tht do p

sut thy tnh v tn tht do tr lc ng ng.
3.2.2.1 Tn tht nhit do nng
Hiu s nhit gia nhit si ca dung dch v nhit si ca dung mi
nguyn cht p sut bt k gi l tn tht nng c xc nh theo cng thc
gn ng ca Tisenco:
= '0 .f (VI.10, STQTTB T2, 59)
Trong :
'0 : tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si ca
dung mi p sut thng.
f: H s hiu chnh.
T2
Vi f = 16,2 (VI.11, STQTTB T2, 59)
r

Vi T: nhit si ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut cho (0K)

r: n nhit ha hi ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic (J/kg)
xc = 48% => 0 = 2,10C (Hnh VI.2, STQTTB T2, 60)
T2 (273+ tht )2
f = 16,2 = 16,2 Vi tht = 510C => rht = 2377,65 kJ/kg (Bng I.251,
r rht
STQTTB T1, 314)
(273+51 )2
f = 16,2 = 0,72
2377,65*1000

= 0 . = 2,1. 0,72 = 1,50C

3.2.2.2 Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh
p sut thy tnh lp gia ca khi cht lng cn c c:
h2
Ptb = P0 + (h1 + ) dds .g (N/m2) (VI.12, STQTTB T2, 60)
2
Trong :
P0 : p sut hi th trn mt thong dung dch (N/m2)
h1: chiu cao lp dung dch si k t ming trn ng truyn nhit n mt
thong dung dch (m)
h2: chiu cao ng truyn nhit (m)
dds khi lng ring ca dung dch khi si (kg/m3)

9
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

g: gia tc trng trng

x + xc 16 + 48
Vi xtb = = = 32% dd =1139,3 (kg/m3) (Bng II.11, S tay thit k,
2 2
Phm Vn Thm, 43)
dds = 1139,3/2= 610,9 (kg/m3)

Chn h1 = 0,5 m, h2 = 2 m
p sut trung bnh:
h2 2 610,9
Ptb = P0 + (h1 + ) dds .g = 0,1258 + (0,5 + ) .9,81 = 0,2174 at
2 2 9,81*104

ttb = 61,260C (Bng I.251, STQTTB T1, 314)

Ta c: = ttb - t0
Trong :
ttb: Nhit si dung dch ng vi p sut Ptb,
t0: Nhit si ca dung dch ng vi p sut P0,
= 61,26 51,5 = 9,760C
3.2.2.3 Tn tht nhit do tr lc ng ng
Chn tn tht do tr lc ng ng = 1
3.2.2.4 Tn tht nhit cho c h thng
+ + = 1,5 + 9,76 + 1 = 12,260C
3.2.2.5 Chnh lch nhit hu ch ca ni v c h thng
Tng chnh lch nhit ca c h thng:
t = th tnt = 120 50 = 700C
Tng chnh lch hu ch ca c h thng:
thi = t - = 70 12,26 = 57,740C
Nhit cui ca dung dch trong ni:
tc = tnt + ++ = 50 + 1,5 + 9,76 + 1 = 62,260C
Bng 3.1 Nhit ca h thng c c

Nhit thi tc

1,50C 9,760C 10C 57,740C 62,260C

10
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

3.3 CN BNG NHIT LNG

3.3.1 Nhit dung ring
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch c nng nh hn 20% tnh theo cng thc sau:
Cdd = 4186.(1-x) (J/kg.) (I.43, STQTTB T1, 152)
Vi:
x: nng cht tan, phn khi lng (%)
Nhit dung ring u: C = 4186*(1- 0,16) = 3516,24 (J/kg.)
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch c nng ln hn 20% tnh theo cng thc sau:
Cc = Cht .xc + 4186 (1-xc) (J/kg.) (I.44, STQTTB T1, 152)
Vi: Cht nhit dung ring ca cht ha tan khng nc (J/kg.)
p dng cng thc (I.41, STQTTB T1, 152)
M.Cht = nici
M: khi lng mol ca ng
Cht: nhit dung ring ca hp cht ha hc (J/kg.)
ni: s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht
ci nhit dung nguyn t ca cc nguyn t tng ng (J/kg nguyn t.)
(bng I.141 STQTTB, 152).
Vi : CC = 7500 (J/kg nguyn t.); CH = 9630 (J/kg nguyn t.); CO = 16800
(J/kg nguyn t.)
nC cC nH cH nO cO
M C6 H12O6
Vy Cht =
7500*6+9630*12+16800*6
= = 1452 (J/kg.)
180

Vy Cc = Cht .xc + 4186 (1-xc)

= 1452*0,48+4186*(1-0,48) = 2873,68 (J/kg.)
3.3.2 Nhit lng ring
Gi I l nhit lng ring ca hi t (J/kg)
i l nhit lng ring ca hi th (J/kg)
Tra bng (I.250, STQTTB T1, 312)

11
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 3.2 Bng nhit dung ring

Hi t Hi th
T0 C I.10-3 (J/kg) T0 C i.10-3 (J/kg)
120 2711 51 2589,54
3.4 CN BNG NNG LNG
Nhit vo:
Do dung dch u: GCt
Do hi t: D(1- ) iD

m ca hi : Dc

Nhit ra:
Hi th mang ra: W.iW
Nc ngng t: Dc
Sn phm mang ra: Gc.Cc.tc
Nhit c c: Qc
Nhit tn tht: Qtt
T l tn tht : = 0,05 v m ca hi = 0,05

Phng trnh cn bng nhit:

Dc + GCt + D(1- ) iD = W.iW + D.C. + Gc.Cc.tc Qc + Qtt

C th b qua:
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng dn hi t vo
bung t: Dc = 0
Nhit c c: Qc = 0
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu
lnh sau khi ngng) th (iD - c) = rD= 2207,075 kJ/kg Pht=2,025 at (n nhit
ngng t ca hi t). (Bng I.251, STQTTB T1, 314)
D(1 - )( iD - c) + GCt = GcCctc + W iW + Qtt
Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD
QD= D(1 - )(1 - )( iD - c) = G(Cctc - Ct) + W(iW - Cctc)

12
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

G (Cc t c C t ) W (iw'' Cc t c )
D=
(1 )(1 )rD

1100* (2873,68 * 62,26 3300* 52,5) 2200(2653,9 *103 2873,68 * 62,26)

=
(1 0,05) * (1 0,05) * 2207,075 *103

= 2736,7 (kg/h)
Lng hi t tiu tn ring:
D 2736,7
m = = 1,24 (kg hi t/kg hi th ).
W 2200
Trong :
D : lng hi t dng c c
W: lng hi th thot ra khi c c
3.5 TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C
Qu trnh truyn nhit gm 3 giai on:
+ Nhit truyn t hi t n b mt ngoi ca ng truyn nhit vi h
s cp nhit 1 v nhit ti ring q1
+ Dn nhit qua thnh ng
+ Nhit truyn t b mt ng n dung dch vi h s cp nhit 2 v
nhit ti ring q2
Ta c:
t1 = thd - tT1
t2 =tT2 - tc
t = tT1 - tT2
3.5.1 Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng (q1)
H s cp nhit 1, vi ng truyn nhit t thng ng th h s 1 i vi
hi bo ha ngng t c tnh theo cng thc (V.101, STQTTB T2, 28)
0, 25
r
1 2,04 * A * q1 1 * t1
H * t1
Trong :
r: n nhit ngng t ca nc p sut hi t l 2,025 at.
Tra bng I.251 STQTTB T1, 314 : r = 2207,075*103 J/kg

13
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

H: chiu cao ng truyn nhit

A: ph thuc nhit mng nc ngng tm = (thd + tT1)/2
A tra STQTTB T2, 29.
vi thd, tT1: nhit hi t v vch pha hi ngng.
1 - h s cp nhit pha hi ngng, W/m2
Chn t1 = 4,9 tT1 = thd - t1 = 120 4,9 = 115,10C
th + tT1
Ta suy ra tm = = 117,55 A = 186,89 (STQTTBT2, 29)
2
0,25
r
1 2, 04* A *
H * t1
2207,075*103 0,25
= 2,04*186,89*( ) = 8305,47 (W/m2 )
2 * 4,9

q1= 1 .t1 = 8305,47 *4,9 = 40696,78 (W/m2)

3.5.2. Nhit ti ring pha dung dch (q2):
Theo cng thc VI.27, STQTTBT2, 71:
0,435
dd
0,565
2 C
2 n * * dd * dd * n W/m2
n n Cn dd

Trong :
n: h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch
n = 45,3*p0,5*t2,33 (S tay thit k Thit k, Phm Vn Thm, 234)
dn nhit ca dung dch:

dd
dd A * C * dd * 3 (I.32, STQTTBT1, 123)
M dd

1221,8
= 3,58*10-8 * 2873,68* 1139,3 * 3 = 0,24 (W/m.)
180

dd - nht dung dch

dd = 4,79*10-3 N.s/m2 (tra bng I.112, STQTTBT1, 114, v khng c ti
liu no th hin nht ca glucose, nn ly nht ca ng ma cng nng
)

14
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Chn nhit tnh ton 2 theo tC = 62,260C

Tra bng (I.249, STQTTBT1, 310) ta c:

Cdd = CC = 2873,68 J/kg. (nhit dung ring ca dung dch)
Cn = 4183 J/kg. (nhit dung ring ca nc)
n = 0,45*10-3 N.s/m2 ( nht nc)
dd = 1139,3 kg/m3 (khi lng ring dung dch)
n= 981,98 kg/m3 (khi lng ring nc)
n = 66,08*10-2 W/ m. ( dn nhit ca nc)
3.5.3 Nhit ti ring pha tng (qv)
Xem qu trnh truyn nhit l n nh
t2 = tT2 - tc m tT2 = tT1 - q1 r
Vi r = r1 + r2 + r3
Chn hi t (hi nc bo ha) l nc sch, theo (V.I, STQTTBT2, 4)
r1 = 0,464*10-3 nhit tr ca cn mt ngoi (m2..W)
Dung dch cn c c: nho (V.I, STQTTBT2, 4)
r2 = 0,387*10-3 (m2..W)
Chn b dy ng truyn nhit = 0,002 (m), vt liu ch to thit b c c l thp
cacbon thng c m hiu CT3 v = 50 W.m/ (bng XII.7, STQTTBT2, 313)
0.002
r3 = = = 4*10-5 (m2..W)
50

r = 0,464*10-3 + 0,387*10-3 + 4*10-5 = 8,91*10-4 (m2..W)

Ta tnh c tT2 = tT1 - q1 r = 115,1- 40696,78*8,91*10-4 = 78,840 C

t2 = 78,84 62,26 = 16,580 C
n = 45,3 *0,13270,5* 16,582,33 = 11458,16(W/m2 )
0,435
dd
0,565
2 C
2 n * * dd * dd * n
n n Cn dd
0 , 435
0,24
0 , 565
1221,8 2 2873,68 0,45 * 103
= 11458,16* 2
* * *
3
66,08 * 10 981,98 4183 4,79 * 10

15
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

= 2373,72 (W/m2. )
Vy q2 = 2.t2 = 2373,72*16,58 = 39354,38 (W/m2)
So snh q1 v q2 ta thy:
q1 q12 40696,78 39354,38
*100% = *100% = 3,2% < 5%
q1 39354,38

Nhit ti trung bnh l:

q1 q 2
qtb1 = = 40025,58 (W/m2)
2
3.5.4 H s truyn nhit K cho qu trnh c c
Trong gi tr K c tnh thng qua h s cp nhit:
1 1
K = = 697,99 (W/m2.)
1 1 1 1
r 8,91*10 4
1 2 8305,47 2373,72

3.5.5 Tnh nhit lng do hi t cung cp

2736,7 * 2207,075*103
Q = D.r() = = 1,68*106 (J/s)
3600

3.5.6. Din tch b mt truyn nhit

T CT 3.14, QTTB tp 3, 144:
Q 1,68 *106
F= 41,69
K .t hi 697,99.57,74
(m2)

Chn F = 50 (m2) (Chn F trong dy chun theo QTTB tp 5, 193)

Trong :
F: din tch b mt truyn nhit (m2)
Q: nhit lng do hi t cung cp (W)
K: h s truyn nhit tng qut (W/m2.)
thi: hiu s nhit hu ch ca thit b (0C)

16
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Chng 4: THIT B CHNH

4.1. BUNG T
4.1.1 Tnh s ng truyn nhit
Chn loi ng truyn nhit c ng knh 38x2 mm nn:
d = dt = dn -2. = 0,038-2.0,002 = 0,034 (mm) ( v d = dtr 1>2) (theo bng
V1.6, STQTTB T2, 80).
Chn chiu cao ca ng truyn nhit l h = 2 (m).
F 50
n= 234 (ng)
dt h * 0,034 * 2

Theo bng quy chun s ng truyn nhit V.11, STQTTBT2, 48.

Chn n = 271 ng.
Chn cch xp ng theo hnh 6 cnh.
S hnh 6 cnh l: 9
S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca lc gic b = 19 ng
4.1.2 ng knh ng tun hon trung tm
Din tch tit din ngang ca ng tun hon Fth (CT III.25, S tay thit k, Phm
Vn Thm, 121):

.Dth2 4.Fth
Fth Dth
4
Trong trng hp i lu t nhin, tun hon trong: Fth = (0,25 0,30) FD , vi Fo l din
tch tit din ngang ca tt c ng truyn nhit; chn Fth= 0,3.Fo
d 2 n .0,0342.271
Fth = 0,3. 0,3. 0,074(m 2 )
4 4

4 Fth 4.0,074
Vy: Dth = 0,307(m)

Chn Dth = 325 mm

4.1.3 ng knh bung t
Dt = t.(b-1) + 4.dn (V.141, STQTTB T2, 49)
Trong : t l bc ng, thng chn t = (1,2 1,5).dn
Chn t =1,5.dn =1,5.0,038 = 0,057 (m)

17
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Dt = 0,057(19-1)+4.0,038 = 1,178 (m)

Chn Dt =1,2 m (Bng XIII.6, STQTTB T2, 359)
Kim tra din tch truyn nhit:
Dth 0,325
Dth t( b-1 ) b 1 1 6,7
t 0,057

Chn b = 7 (ng) (Theo bng V.11, STQTTB T2, 48 )

Vy s ng truyn nhit b thay th bi ng tun hon trung tm l n:

4 3 3
b = 1 (n ' 1) n ' (b 2 1) 1 (7 2 1) 1 37
3 4 4

S ng truyn nhit cn li l:
n = 271 37 = 234 ng
Kim tra din tch truyn nhit:
F = 3,14*H*(n.dt + Dth) = 3,14*2*(234*0,034+0,325) = 52 > 50 (tha mn)
4.2 BUNG BC
4.2.1 ng knh bung bc
Th tch ca bung bc (khng gian hi), chiu cao, ng knh ca bung
bc v bn cht dung dch c mi quan h vi nhau. Thng ngi ta tnh th tch
bung bc. C th chn ng knh hoc chiu cao bung bc.
Chn Dt = 1,8 m (Theo Bng XIII.6, STQTTB T2, 359)
4.2.2. Chiu cao bung bc hi
Th tch khng gian hi c xc nh

W
Vkgh ( VI.24,STQTTB T2, 71)
h .u tt
Trong :
Vkgh: l th tch khng gian hi (m3).
W: l lng hi th bc ln trong thit b (m3).
Hi th l hi dung mi nguyn cht h: l khi lng ring ca hi th
l 0,083 (kg/m3) p sut 0,1258 at (STQTTB T1, 315)
utt: l cng bc hi th tch cho php ca khong khng gian hi trong
mt n v thi gian (m3/m3.h).

18
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Theo VI.33, STQTTB T2, 71

utt = f.utt(1at) (m3/m3.h) khi P 1at
utt (1 at): cng bc hi th tch cho php khi p = 1at , ta chn cng bc
hi utt (1 at) = 1700 m3/m3.h
f: h s hiu chnh do khc bit p sut kh quyn (hnh VI.3, STQTTB T2,
72) ta c f = 0,95
Utt = 1700*0,95 = 1615 (m3/m3.h )
Th tch bung bc:
W 2200
Vkgh = = = 16,41 (m3)
h .U tt 0,083*1615

Chiu cao khng gian hi:

4V 4*16.41
Hkgh = = = 2,54 (m)
Dt 2 *1,82

Chn chiu cao khng gian hi Hkgh = 3 m, v trong thc t th chiu cao khong
khng gian hi khng nh hn 1,5 m khi bc hi dung dch to bt mnh, thng
ly khong Hkgh = 2,5 ti 3 m.
4.2.3 Tnh kch thc cc ng dn
Theo CT V.41, STQTTB T2, 74
Phng trnh lu lng:

.d 2
Vs m 3 / s
4

Vs
d (m)
0,785.
Vi:
Vs: lu lng kh, hi, dung dch chy trong ng (m3/s).
: tc thch hp i trong ng (m/s).

Chn = 20 (m/s) i vi hi nc bo ha, thng = 20 40 (m/s).

= 1 (m/s) i vi cht lng nht, thng = 0,5 1 ( m/s)

Li c: Vs = W.v
Vi:
W l lu lng khi lng (kg/s).

19
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

v l th tch ring (m3/kg).

4.2.3.1 ng knh ng dn hi t
p sut hi t Ph = 2,025 at, th = 1200C v = 0,9 (m3/Kg) (Theo bng I.251,
STQTTB T1, 315)
D 2736,7
W= = 0,76(kg/s)
3600 3600

0,76 * 0,9
d= = 0,21(m) (chn = 20 m/s)
0,785* 20

Theo bng XIII.26, STQTTB T2, 428 Chn d = 250 (mm) dn= 279 (mm)
4.2.3.2 ng knh ng dn hi th
p sut hi t Pht = 0,1327 at, tht = 500C v = 13,9 (m3/Kg) (Theo bng I.251,
STQTTB T1, 315)
W 2200
W= 0,61(kg / s )
3600 3600

0.92*7.71
0,61* 13,9
d =
0,52 (m)m(chn
0, 48( ) = 40 m/s)
00,,785
785.40
* 40

Chn d = 400 (mm), dn= 433 (mm) (theo bng XIII, STQTTB T2, 429)
4.2.3.3 ng knh ng dn dung dch
ng knh ng nhp liu
G 3300
W= 0,92(kg / s)
3600 3600
Ta c x = 16%:
= 1062,6 (kg/m3) (theo bng I.88,STQTTB T1, 64)

1 11 4
v = =9.56*10
9,41*10-4 (m3/kg)
1046
1062,6

,92 * 9,41*104
01.13*9.56.10
d 00.037(
,033 (m)
m) (chn = 1 m/s)
00,,785 *1
785.1

Chn d = 32 (mm), dn = 41 (mm) (theo bng XIII, STQTTB T2, 426)

ng knh ng tho liu
Gc 1100
W= 0,31(kg / s )
3600 3600

20
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Ta c xc = 48%
= 1139,3 (kg/m3) (S tay Thit k, Phm Vn Thm, 43)

1 1 1 4
v
= 7.78
= 8,77*10-4 *10
(m3/kg)
1139
1285.7
,3

0,31* 8,77 *104

d= 0,018 (m) (chn = 1 m/s)
0,785*1

Chn d = 20 (mm), dn= 27 (mm) (theo bng XIII, STQTTB T2, 426)
4.2.3.4 ng knh ng tho nc ngng
2736,7
Lu lng khi lng l: W = D = = 0,76 (kg/s)
3600
Ta c: t =120oC = 943,4 (kg/m3)
Bng I.5, STQTTB T1, 12.
1 1
= 1,06*10-3 (m3/kg)
943,4

Chn vn tc nc ngng = 1 (m/s)

0,76 *1,06 *103

d = 0,032 (m)
0,785*1

Chn d = 32 (mm), dn= 41 (mm) (theo bng XIII, STQTTB T2, 426)

21
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

CHNG 5: THIT B PH
5.1. CN BNG VT LIU
5.1.1. Lng nc lnh cn thit ti vo thit b ngng t
Da vo phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
W i C n .t 2c
Gn . ( CT VI.51,STQTTB T2, 84)
C n t 2c t 2 d

Vi: Gn : lng nc lm ngui ti vo thit b (kg/s)

W2 : lng hi ngng t i vo thit b (kg/s).
i: nhit lng ring ca hi ngng t (J/kg).
t2,t2c : nhit u v cui ca nc lm ngui (oC).
Cn: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc (J/kg.).
Chn: t2 = 25 (oC), t2c = 55 (oC)
i= 2589,55.103(J/kg) (Tra bng I.251,STQTTB T1, 314), vi Png = 0,1258 at
Cn: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc
t 2 D t 2C 25 55
ttb = 40
2 2
Cn = 4178 (J/kg.) (Tra bng I.249, STQTTB T1, 310)
W = 2200 (kg/h) = 0,61 (kg/s)

0,61(2589,55 *103 4178.55)

Gn = = 11,48 (kg/s)
4178* (55 25)

5.1.2. Th tch kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b

Lng kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b c th l:
+ C sn trong hi th.
+ Chui qua nhng l h ca thit b.
+ Bc ra t nc lm lnh.
Chnh lng kh khng ngng v khng kh ny vo thit b ngng t lm
gim chn khng, p sut hi ring phn v hm lng tng i ca hi trong
hn hp gim, ng thi lm gim h s truyn nhit ca thit b. V vy cn phi
lin tc hin tng kh khng ngng v khng kh ra khi thit b.

22
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Lng kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b tnh bi cng

thc:
Gkk 0,25.104 W . 0,25.104.Gn 0,01W (CT VI.47, STQTTB T2, 84).

Vi:
Gkk: l lng kh khng ngng, khng kh c ht ra khi thit b (kg/s)
W: l lng hi i vo thit b ngng t (kg/s).
Gkk = 0,25*10-4*0,61+0,25*10-4*11,48+0,01*0,61 = 6,4*10-3 (kg/s)
Th tch kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b ngng t
tnh theo cng thc sau:
288..G
288 273t kkt kk) ) 3
Gkkkk(.(273
Vkk ( m (CT
/ s ). VI.49, STQTTB T2, 84).
PPPP hh

Vi:
Vkk: th tch kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi thit b (m3/s).
P: p sut chung ca hn hp kh trong thit b ngng t (N/m2).
Ph: p sut ring phn ca hi nc trong hn hp (N/m2).
(ly bng p sut hi bo ha nhit ca khng kh (tkk ))
Vi thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, nhit ca khng kh c xc
nh nh sau:
t kk t2
2 0,1(t 2c2c
+ 4 + 0,1(t -tt2 o
) (CTVI.50,STQTTB
2 d ).( C )
T2, 84).

Vi t2 ,t2c :nhit u v cui ca nc lm ngui

tkk = 25 + 4 + 0,1.(55-25) = 320C
Ph= 0,0498 (at) (Bng I.250,STQTTB T1, 312).

288.6,4.1033(273
288.9,87.10 .( 27331)
32)
Vy: Vkk 0, 0,075 (m3/s)
= 057
2 0,0461)9,81.10
(0,1258
(0, 0,0498).9,81.4104

5.2. KCH THC THIT B NGNG T

5.2.1 ng knh thit b ngng t
ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t c xc nh theo hi ngng t v
tc hi qua thit b. Thit b lm vic p sut 0,1258 (at) nn tc la chn
khong 55 (m/s) thit b lm vic vi p sut khong 0,1 - 0,2 at th c th chn h
= 55 35 (m/s) ( STQTTB T2, 85)

23
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Thc t th ngi ta ly nng sut ca thit b gp 1,5 ln so vi nng sut

thc ca n. Khi , ng knh ca thit b tnh theo cng thc:

WW
dtr 1,383
1,383. ((m)
m). (CT.VI.52, STQTTB T2, 84).
hh.hh

Vi: dtr: ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t.(m)

W: lng hi ngng t (kg/s).
h : khi lng ring ca hi (kg/m3).

Png = 0,1258 at h = 0,08295 (kg/m3) (I.251, STQTTB T1, 314).

h : tc hi trong thit b ngng t(m/s), chn h = 55(m/s).

00.92
,61
Dtr 1,383.
1,383
= 0,17(
0,5 (m)
m).
00,1283.35
,08295.55

Vy theo bng VI.8 STQTTB T2, 88

Chn ng knh ca thit b ngng t l dtr = 500 (mm).
5.2.2 Kch thc tm ngn
m bo lm vic tt, tm ngn phi c dng hnh vin phn. Do ,
chiu rng ca tm ngn c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
dtr
b 50(mm) (CT VI.53, STQTTB T2, 85).
2
Vi:
dtr: l ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t (mm).
V trn tm ngn c nhiu l nh, chn nc lm ngui l nc sch.

chn ng knh ca l l 2 (mm).

500
Ta c: b 50 =300(
300mm ).
(mm)
2
Chiu cao ca g cnh tm ngn l 40 (mm).
Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b
ngng t ngha l trn mt cp tm ngn (CT VI.54, STQTTBT2, 85) :
Gn W
f (m 2 ).
c c n

Vi:

24
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Gn: lu lng nc (m3/s), Gn ph thuc vo hi nc c ngng t v

thng thay i theo gii hn (15- 60) W.
c : tc tia nc (m/s), chn c = 0,62 (m/s).

,48 *103
1120.67
f 0,=034( m2 ). (m2)
0,0185
0,62
0, 62.994

Cc l trn tm ngn sp xp theo hnh lc gic u nn ta c th xc nh

bc ca cc l bng cng thc:

fc
t 0,866.d (mm) (CT VI.55,STQTTB T2, 85).
f tb

Vi
d: ng knh ca l (mm).
fc
: t s gia tng s din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca
f tb
fc
thit b ngng t, thng ly 0,025 0,1. Vy chn =0,1.
f tb
0,5
t = 0,866.2.0,1 = 0,55 (mm)

5.2.3 Chiu cao thit b ngng t

chn khong cch trung bnh gia cc tm ngn v tng chiu cao hu
ch ca thit b ngng t, ta da vo mc un nng nc v thi gian lu ca
nc trong thit b ngng t.
Mc un nng nc c xc nh bng cng thc
t 2 c t 2
P (Cng thc VI.56, STQTTB T2, 85)
t bh t 2

Vi:
t2c, t2 : l nhit cui, u ca nc ti vo thit b (oC).
tbh : l nhit hi nc bo ha ngng t (oC).
4525
55 25
P 1,20.58
59,7 25
50 25

Tra bng VI.7, STQTTB T2, 86, ta c:

S ngn = 8; s bc = 4; khong cch trung bnh gia cc ngn l 400(mm)
Tra bng VI.8, STQTTB, T2, 88,ta c:

25
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 5.1 Kch thc cc thnh phn ca thit b ngng t

Cc thnh phn ca thit b ngng t Kch thc

Chiu dy thnh thit b S = 500 mm
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b a =1300 mm
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y P = 1200 mm
B rng ca tm ngn b = 300 mm
Khong cch gia cc tm thit b ngng t vi thit b thu hi K1 = 675 mm
Chiu cao ca h thng thit b H= 4300 mm
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b T = 1300 mm
ng knh thit b thu hi D1 = 400 mm
Chiu cao thit b thu hi h = 1440 mm
a1 = 220 mm
a2 = 260 mm
Khonh cch gia cc ngn a3 = 320 mm
a4 = 360 mm
a5 = 390 mm
ng knh cc ca ra v vo Kch thc
Hi vo d1 = 300 mm
Nc vo d2 = 100mm
Hn hp kh v hi ra d3 = 80 mm
Ni vi ng Baromet d4 = 125 mm
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi d5 = 80 mm
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi d6 = 50 mm
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng Baromet d7 = 50 mm
Tra bng XIII.21, STQTTBT2, 394, ta c:
D = 500mm
H = 453 mm (chiu cao ca y nn)
h = 40 mm (chiu cao g ca y nn)

26
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Hhi = a + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + (n.) + P + h + H
= 1300 + 220 + 260 + 320 + 390 + (8.4) + 1200 + 40 + 453
= 4575 mm = 4,575 m
Vy chn chiu cao ca thit b ngng t: Hng = 4600 mm
5.2.4. Tnh kch thc ng baromet
p sut trong thit b ngng t l 0,1258 at, do tho nc ngng v hi
ngng t mt cch t nhin th thit b phi ca ng Baromet.
ng knh trong ca ng Baromet c xc nh theo cng thc:

0,004
0,004 W)
(G(nGn W)
dB (m). (CTVI.57, STQTTB T2, 86).
.
Vi:
W: l lng hi ngng (kg/s).
Gn: lng nc lnh ti vo thit b (kg/s).
: tc ca hn hp nc, cht lng ngng chy trong ng baromet
(m/s) thng ly (0,5-0,6) m/s, chn = 0,5 (m/s).

0,004.(11,48 0,61)
db = = 0,18 (m)
.0,5

Chn dB = 200 (mm) (Tra bng VI.8, STQTTB T2, 88)

Chiu cao ca ng Baromet c xc nh theo cng thc:
H = h1 + h2 + 0,5 (m) (CT VI.58, STQTTB T2, 86).
Vi:
h1: l chiu cao ca ct nc trong ng cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut kh
quyn v p sut trong thit b ngng t (m).
h2: l chiu cao ct nc trong ng Baromet cn khc phc ton b tr lc
ca nc chy trong ng (m)
bP
Ta c: h1 10,33 ck(m(CT
10,33 ) VI.59, STQTTB T2, 86).
760
760
Pck l chn khng trong thit b ngng t
Pck = 760 - 735,6.Png = 760 - 735,6.0,1258 = 667,46
667,46
h1 = 10,33 9,07(m)
760

27
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

2 H
V h2 1 (m). (CT VI.60, STQTTB T2, 87).
2g d
H s tr lc khi vo ng ng ly = 0,5, khi ra khi ng ly = 1
Vi:
H: ton b chiu cao ng Baromet (m).
d: ng knh trong ca ng Baromet (m).
: h s ma st khi nc chy trong ng, thng ly = (0,02 0,035)

Chn = 0,03

0,5 2 H 125 25H

h2 = .( 2,5 0,03. ) =
2.9,81 18 3924 11772

Th vo cng thc, ta c:
125 25H
H = 9,07 + + 0,5
3924 11772
H = 9,6 m
Chn chun chiu cao ng Baromet H = 12 m ngn nga nc dng ln trong
ng v chy trn vo ng ng dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng.
5.3. CHN BM
5.3.1. Bm chn khng
Ngoi tc dng ht kh khng ngng v khng kh, bm chn khng cn c
tc dng to chn khng cho thit b ngng t v thit b c c.
Trong thc t qu trnh ht kh l qu trnh a bin nn:
k 1


P1 .v kk 1

k P k
N 2

ck k 1 P 1

(CT 3.3, cc qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm, T1,
119).
Vi:
P1: p sut kh lc ht (N/m2), P1 = Pkk.
P2: p sut kh lc y (N/m2).
k: ch s a bin ca khng kh, ly k = 1,25.

28
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

ck : hiu s c kh ca bm chn khng kiu pittng, ck = 0,9.

N: cng sut tiu hao ( W).

vkk : th tch kh khng ngng v khng kh c ht ra khi h thng (m3/s).
P1 = Pkk = (0,1258 0,0498).9,81.104 = 7455,6 (N/m2).
Chn: P2 = Pkq = 1(at) = 9,81.104 (N/m2).

1, 25 1,25
1 1

4
1,
1 1=
1,1,25
9 , 101337,3
81 . 10 25 1,25
2094,76
N .7455,6.0,075
15097,59.0,057 2215,62(W)
0,9.(1,25 1)
0,9.(1, 1) 7455 ,6
15097,59

Vy cng sut tiu hao ca bm chn khng l: N = 2094,76W).

N
Cng sut ca ng c: N dc . (CT II.250, STQTTB T1, 466).
tr . dc

Vi:
: l h s d tr cng sut,thng ly = 1,1-1,15, chn = 1,12.
tr : hiu sut truyn ng, ly tr = 0,96.

dc : hiu sut ng c, ly dc = 0,95.

2094,76
Nc = .1,12 2572,51(W )
0,96.0,95

Vy cng sut ca ng c bm chn khng l 2572,51 (W)

29
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Chng 6: TNH TON C KH

Chn vt liu l thp CT.3 ch to v thit b, y v np.
Vt liu thp CT.3 c gii hn bn (Theo bng XIII.4, STQTTB T2, 309) :
k = 380.106 (N/m2)
c = 240.106 (N/m2)
Chn h s an ton: nk = 2,6 (Theo bng XIII.3, STQTTB T2, 356 )
nc = 1,5
H s hiu chnh: = 1.0 (Bng XIII.2, STQTTB T2, 356)
ng sut cho php theo gii hn bn:
k 380*106
k *1 1.46*108 (CT XIII.5, STQTTB T2, 356)
nk 2.6

ng sut cho php theo gii hn chy:

c240.106
c *1 1.6*108
nc 1.5

Vy ng sut cho php: [] = 1.46*108 (N/m2)

6.1 B DY BUNG T
Chn vt liu lm thn bung t l CT3.
B dy bung t c xc nh theo cng thc:
Dt P
sd C (m) (CT XIII.8, STQTTB T2, 360)
2 P

Trong :
Dt : ng knh trong ca bung t (m)
: h s bn ca thnh hnh tr tnh theo phng dc, chn = 0.95 (theo
bng XIII.8, STQTTB T2, 362)
Chn C = C1 + C2 + C3.
Trong :
C1: l h s b sung do n mn, C1 = 1 (mm)
C2: l h s b sung do hao mn, C2 = 0 (mm)
C3: l h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, C3 = 0,8 (mm)

30
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

C = 1 + 0 + 0,8 = 1,8 (mm).

P: p sut trong thit b (N/m2).
P = Ph + H.g. = 2,025*9,81*104 + 2*9,81*1139,3 = 222624,22 (N/m2)

V
1,46.108
.0,95 623,02 > 50 nn c th b qua i lng P mu s
P 222624,22
trong cng thc
Nn ta c:
1,2.22624,22
S = 1,8.103 = 2,76.10-3 (m)
2.1,46.108.0,95

Chn chiu dy bung t l S = 4 (mm)

Dt S C P0 c
Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th :
2 S C 1, 2

Vi p sut th tnh ton P0 c tnh theo cng thc P0 = Pth + P1 (N/m2)

Pth: p sut thy lc ly theo bng XIII.5, STQTTB T2, 358
Pth = 1,5P = 1,5*222624,22 = 333936,33 (N/m2)
P1 l p sut thy tnh ca nc:
P1 = H.g. = 2*9,81*1139,3 = 23971,72 (N/m2)
T ta c P0 = Pth + P1 = 333936,33 + 23971,72 = 357908,05 (N/m2)
Ta thy:

1,2 (4 1,8).10 .357908,05 = 1,03.108 <
3
2.108 (N/m2)
2.( 4 1,8).103.0,95

Vy chn b dy bung t ca ni l S = 4 (mm)

6.2 B DY BUNG BC
B dy bung bc c xc nh theo cng thc:
Dt P
sd C (m) (CT XIII.8, STQTTB T2, 360)
2 P

Trong :
Dt = 1,8 (m)
Chn = 0,95

31
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

P: p sut trong thit b (at) P = Pht + P1

Vi P1 l p sut thy tnh trong phn di ca thit b P1 = H.g. xem trong bung
bc ch c hi th P1 = 0
Vy: P = Pht = 0,1258*9,81*104 = 12340,98 (N/m2)
Chn C = C1 + C2 + C3 = (1 + 0 + 0,8).10-3 = 1,8.10-3 (m).
ng sut cho php : = 1,46.108 (N/m2)

1,46.108
.0,95 623,02 > 50 nn c th b qua i lng P mu s
V
P 222624,22
trong cng thc.
1,8.12340,98
Nn ta c: St = 1,8.10 3 = 1,88.10-3 (m)
2.1,46.108.0,95

Chn chiu dy bung bc l S = 4 (mm).

Dt S C P0 c
Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th :
2 S C 1, 2

Vi p sut th tnh ton P0 c tnh theo cng thc P0 = Pth + P1 (N/m2)

Pth: p sut thy lc ly theo bng XIII.5, STQTTB T2, 358
Pth = 1,5P (N/m2)
P1 l p sut thy tnh ca nc: P1 = 0
T ta c P0 = 1,5P = 1,5*12340,98 = 18511,47 (N/m2)

Ta thy:
1,8 (4 1,8).10 .18511,47 = 0,08.108 < 2.108
3
(N/m2)
2.( 4 1,8).10 3.0,95

Vy chn b dy bung bc ca ni l S = 4 (mm).

6.3. B DY Y BUNG T:
y hnh cn, lm vic chu p sut trong, bng thp CT3. Chn y elip c
g vi cng thc (XIII.47, STQTTB T2, 385):
Dt P Dt
S C (m)
3,8 k P 2h
b

Trong :
ng knh trong ca bung bc Dt = 1,2 (m)
P = Ph + H.g. = 2,025*9,81*104 + 2*9,81*1139,3 = 222624,22 (N/m2)

32
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Cc i lng P0 , C tnh ton nh b dy thn bung t

T kt qu tnh ton trn ta c C = 1,8mm, chn = 0.95, P0 = 357908,05 (N/m2)

ng sut cho php: c = 1,46.108 (N/m2)

Chiu cao hb ca np: hb = Dt.0,25 = 0,3 (m).

k: h s th nguyn, k = 1- d
Dt

d: ng knh ca l ln nht trn y, ca ra sn phm

chn d = 0,1m
0,1
k = 1- = 0,92
1,2

V
k 1,46.108
.0.92.0,95 573,18 > 30 nn c th b qua i lng P mu s
P 222624,22
trong cng thc
DP D 1,2.222624,22 1,2
S t

t
C = . 0,0018 = 0,029
3,8 k P b
2 h 3,8.1,46.108.0,92.0,95 2.0,3

Chn S = 4 mm
Kim tra li ng sut thnh p sut th thy lc theo cng thc (XIII.49,
STQTTB T2, 386)

D t
2

2hb ( S C ) p0 c
( N / m 2 ) (CT XIII.49, STQTTB T2, 385)
7,6khb ( S C ) 1,2

1,2 2

2.0,3(0,004 0,0018) 357908,05
= 0,35.108 < 2.108
7,6.0,92.0,95.(0,004 0,0018)

Vy chiu dy ca np l: S = 4 mm
6.4 B DY Y NN BUNG T:
Chn y nn c g, vt liu l thp CT3, gc y 600.
Ly ng knh trong ca y nn bng ng knh trong ca bung t:
Dt = 1,2 m =1200 mm
Tra bng XIII.21, STQTTB T2, 394, ta c:
-Chiu dy S = 4 mm
- H = 1087 mm

33
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

- Chiu cao g h = 40 mm
- B mt trong F = 2,570 m2
- Th tch: Vy = 520.103 m3
6.5 B DY NP BUNG BC:
Chn np c g, vt liu l thp CT3, gc y 600.
Ly ng knh trong ca np elip bng ng knh trong ca bung bc
Dt = 1,8 m = 1800 mm
Tra bng XIII.10, STQTTB T2, 382, ta c:
-Chiu dy S = 4 mm
- ht = 450 mm
- Chiu cao g h = 40 mm
- B mt trong F = 3,747 m2
- Th tch: Vy = 866.103 m3
6.6 TNH B DY LP CCH NHIT CA THN THIT B
Cng thc VI.67, STQTTB T2, 92:
c
n (tT 2 tkk ) (t t )
c T1 T 2
Trong :
tkk: nhit khng kh tra bng VII.1 STQTTB T1, 101 tkk = 26,6 (0C)
Chn tT2 = 50 (0C) (nhit b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh)
tT1 = th = 1200C
c : h s dn nhit ca cht cch nhit. chn vt liu cch nhit l bng
thy tinh c = 0,0372 (W/m. ) ( Bng I. 126, STQTTBT1, 128)

H s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit n khng kh

n = 9,3 + 0,058.tT2 (CT VI.67, STQTTB T2, 92)
n = 9,3 + 0,058*50 = 12,2 (W/m2.)
c (tT 1 tT 2 ) 0,0372(120 50)
c = 0,0091 (m)
n (tT 2 tkk ) 12,2(50 26,6)

Theo quy chun chn = 10 mm

34
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Do iu kin lm vic ca bung t v bung bc ca ni gn ging nhau

nn c th chn b dy cch nhit cho thn bung t v bung bc ca ni l =
10 (mm).
6.7 CHN MT BCH
6.7.1 Mt bch ni vi y, np ca bung t v bung bc
Mt bch l mt b phn quan trng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh
cc b phn khc vi thit b.
H thng c c ang tnh c p sut lm vic khng cao nn chn loi bch
lin ni cc b phn ca thit b. Da vo p sut lm vic v ng knh trong
ca thit b. p sut ca bung t l 0,22 N/mm2 v bung bc l 0,12 N/mm2 nn
chn d phng p sut Py = 0,3 N/mm2 bch kn thn.
Tra bng XIII.27 STQTTB T2, 421-423, ta c:
Bng 6.1 Kch thc bch ni bung t, bung bc.

Py.104 Kch thc ng ni (mm) Bulon

Bung Dt (mm) h
(N/m2) D Db D1 Do db Z

t 1200 1340 1290 1260 1213 M20 32 25

0,3
Bc 1800 1950 1900 1840 1815 M24 48 35

6.7.2 Mt bch ni cc ng dn
Chn bch ni cc b phn vi ng dn, chn bch t do.
Da vo p sut lm vic nn chn d phng p sut Py = 0,3 N/mm2 bch kn
thn.
(Theo bng XIII.26, STQTTB T2, 425-429)

35
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 6.2 Kch thc bch ni cc ng dn.

Dy Dn h h1
ng dn
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

Hi t 250 279 22 18
Hi th 400 433 22 24
Nhp liu 32 41 12 10
Tho liu 20 27 10 10
Tho nc ngng 32 41 12 10
6.8 TNH V NG
Mt trong nhng chi tit c bn ca thit b trao i nhit kiu ng trm ng
l v ng dng gi cht 2 u ng. Theo hnh dng chia ra v ng hnh trn, hnh
ch nht, hnh vnh khn. Ph bin hn c l v ng hnh trn phng, hnh cu v
hnh elip. V ng ch yu c ch to t phi tm ngoi ra c th c, vt liu lm
v ng phi bn v cng hn vt liu lm ng.
Chn cch b tr ng trong v ng theo hnh lc gic u v chn v c dng
hnh trn. Chn cch b tr ng v v ng theo phng php hn.
B dy v ng bng thp khng g CT3 c tnh theo cng thc (8 51, tnh
ton chi tit thit b ha cht H L Vin, 182)
dn
h 5 (mm)
8
Trong :
h: b dy v ng (mm)
dn: ng knh ng truyn nhit (dn = 38 mm)
d 38
h n 5 5 9,75 (mm)
8 8
Kim tra ng sut un trong v ca thit b trao i nhit c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
p
[ K ]
d h
3,6(1 0,7 n )( )
L L
Trong :
L = t = 0,057m= 57mm

36
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

p l p sut tnh ton ln nht khng gian ngoi ng N/mm2, chn p = 2,025 at =
198652,5 N/m2 = 0,199 N/mm2
Vt liu thp CT.3 c gii hn bn (Theo bng XIII.4, STQTTB T2, 309) :
k = 380.106 (N/m2)
c = 240.106 (N/m2)
Chn h s an ton: nk = 2,6 (Theo bng XIII.3, STQTTB T2, 356 )
nc = 1,5
H s hiu chnh: = 1.0 (Bng XIII.2, STQTTB T2, 356)
ng sut cho php theo gii hn bn:
k380*106
k *1 1.46*108 (CT XIII.5, STQTTB T2, 356)
nk 2.6

ng sut cho php theo gii hn chy:

c 240.106
c *1 1.6*108
nc 1.5

Vy ng sut cho php: [] = 1.46*108 (N/m2) = 146 (N/mm2)

198652,5
n 3
322,75.103 (N/m2)
0,038 9,75.10
3,6(1 0,7 )( )
57 57.103

K = 0,32 (N/mm2) [ K ] = 146 (N/mm2)

Chn h = 10 mm
6.9 TAI TREO
6.9.1 Khi lng bch
p dng cng thc:

Gcachnhiet 2
4
D 2
Dn2 h

Khi lng ring ca vt liu lm bch CT3 max 7850 (kg/m3)

37
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 6.3 Khi lng bch

S lng Khi lng M

Bch Dn D h
cp (kg)
Bung t 2 1,208 1,34 0,025 414,73
Bung bc 1 1,808 1,95 0,035 460,61
Tng 875,34
6.9.2 Khi lng ng truyn nhit
Khi lng ca ton b ng truyn nhit:
B tr 234 ng truyn nhit:

Gng = n. (D2-Dn2).h. = 234. .(0,0382-0,0342).2.7850 = 831 (kg)
4 4
6.9.3 Khi lng ng tun hon trung tm
Dn = Dt + 2S = 325 + 2.4 = 333 mm = 0,333 m

Gth .
D
2
n Dt2 .H . 3,14. 0,333 2
0,3252 .2.7850 64.91 (kg)
4 4
6.9.4 Khi lng v ng

GV = (Dt2 - n.Dn2 - dth2).S.2. = .(1,22 - 271.0,0382 - 0,3332).2.7850.0,01
4 4
= 115,64 (kg)
6.8.5 Khi lng bung bc
Dn = Dt + 2S = 2800 + 2.4 = 1808 mm = 1,808 m

Gbc = .h.(Dn2 - Dt2) = .2.7850.(1,8082 - 1,82) = 355,91 (kg)
4 4
6.9.6 Khi lng bung t
Dn= Dt + 2S = 1200 +2.4 = 1208 mm = 1,208 m

Gt = .h.(Dn2 - Dt2) = .2.7850.(1,2082 - 1,22) = 237,54 (kg)
4 4
6.9.7 Khi lng np bung bc
(40+425)
Gnp = .h.(Dn2 - Dt2) = .7850. .(1,8082 1,82) = 82,75 (kg)
4 4 1000

38
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

6.9.8 Khi lng y bung t

(1087 + 40)
Gy = .h.(Dn2 - Dt2) = .7850. .(1,2082 1,22) = 133,85 (kg)
4 4 1000

6.9.9 Khi lng on thu hp trung gian ni bung t v bung bc

Gthu hp = .h.(Dn2 - Dt2)
4
Dt: ng knh trong phn nn ct
Dt=1/2 (Dtrb + Dtrbb) =1/2(1,2 + 2,8) = 1,5 m
Dn: ng knh ngoi phn nn ct
Dn =1/2 (Dnb + Dnbb) = 1/2(1,208 + 2,008) = 1,508 m
h : chiu cao phn nn ct, ta chn h = 0,5m

Gthu hp = .0,5.7850.(1,5082 - 1,52) = 74,18 kg
4
Tm li, tng t trng tc dng ln tai treo:
G = Gbc + Gt +Gnp + Gy + Gbch + Gng + Gv +Gth +Gthu hp
G = 355,91 + 237,54 + 82,75 + 133,85 + 875,34 + 831+ 115,61 + 64,91 + 74,18
G = 2771,09 (kg) = 2771,09.9,81 = 27184,39 (N)
Vy ti trng 1 tai treo : G1 = G/4 = 6796,1 (N)
Chn chn tai treo:
D phng chn ti trng l 2.104
Chn vt liu l thp CT3
Chn thit b gm 4 tai treo
Ti trng mi tai treo l 1.104
Tra bng XIII.36, ST QTTB2, 438 ta c cc kch thc tai treo

39
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 6.4 S liu kch thc tai treo

Ti
B L B Bl H S l a d Khi
Ti trng
mt lng
trng cho
Tn mt
cho php
gi F.104 tai
php ln F
mm treo
G.10-4 2
(m ) Q.10-6
(kg)
(N/m2)
Tai
treo 1,0 89,5 1,12 110 85 90 170 8 45 15 23 2,0
1
Tai
treo 1,0 89,5 1,12 110 85 90 170 8 45 15 23 2,0
2
6.10 KNH QUAN ST
Chn vt liu lm knh bng thy tinh silicat c S = 8 mm, D = 100 mm (chn theo
bng XIII.6, STQTTB T2, 359)
Tra bng XIII.26, STQTTB T2, 412
Bng 6.4 Kch thc knh quan st

p ng Kch thc ni Bch

sut
Bu lng
lm Dy
vic Loi Dn D D Dl
(mm) Z Kiu h
P.106 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) db
(ci)
(N/m2)
Knh
0,25 quan 100 108 205 170 148 M16 4 1 18
st
6.11 CA NGI
Chn vt liu lm ca ngi l thp CT3 c D = 400 mm
Tra bng XIII.26, STQTTB T2, 412

40
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

Bng 6.5 Kch thc ca ngi

p ng Kch thc ni Bch

sut
Bu lng
lm Dy
vic Loi Dn D D Dl
(mm) Z Kiu h
P.106 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) db
(ci)
(N/m2)
Ca
0,25 400 426 535 495 465 M20 16 1 32
ngi

41
 n Qu Trnh v Thit b

KT LUN
Sau khi tm hiu ti, nhm chng em rt ra c mt s kt qu nh sau:
C c l qu trnh lm tng nng ca cht rn ha tan trong dung dch
bng vic un si. c im ca qu trnh ny l dung mi c tch ra khi dung
dch dng hi, cht ha tan c gi li trong dung dch. Do , nng ca
dung dch s tng ln. Khc vi qu trnh chng ct, trong qu trnh chng ct cc
cu t trong hn hp cng bay hi ch khc nhau v nng trong hn hp.
Ty thuc vo dng nguyn liu cn em c c v quy m thc hin qu
trnh m c th s dng nhiu loi thit b c c khc nhau. Trong , thit b c
c 1 ni c ng tun hon trung tm l loi thit b c cu to n gin, d s dng
cng nh v sinh sa cha. Tuy nhin, thit b cng cn tn ti nhiu nhc im
nh nng sut thp, tc tun hon gim khi thi gian lm vic lu do ng tun
hon cng b t nng.
Qua mt thi gian di lm n, tra cu nhiu ti liu tham kho cng vi
s h tr ht sc tn tnh ca c Trn Th Thanh Vn nhm em hon thnh ti
c giao. Sau qu trnh thc hin ti nhm em c c mt s nhn xt nh:
Cng vic tnh ton v thit k mt h thng c c l vic kh phc tp, cn
c thi gian u t nhiu, i hi tnh t m, chnh xc cao. N khng nhng i hi
ngi thit k phi c kin thc su, rng v qu trnh c c m cn phi hiu bit
mt s lnh vc khc lin quan nh l: bit v bn v chi tit, cu to cc thit b
ph, cc tiu chun bn v k thut,...
Tuy nhin, vic thit k n qu trnh thit b gip chng em rn luyn
k nng lm vic nhm, cng c nhng kin thc hc ng thi hiu bit thm
nhiu v qu trnh c c, cng nh nng cao k nng tra cu, tnh ton v x l s
liu.
hon thnh nhim v thit k n qu trnh thit b ln ny, chng em
xin chn thnh gi li cm n su sc nht n c Trn Th Thanh Vn lun
hng dn nhit tnh v qu thy c khc cung cp kin thc c bn cng nh ti
liu c lin quan.

42
 TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Nguyn Bin, 2004. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht. Tp 1,
Nh xut bn Khoa Hc v K Thut - H Ni
2. Nguyn Bin, 2004. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht. Tp 2,
Nh xut bn Khoa Hc v K Thut - H Ni.
3. Phm Xun Ton, 2003. Cc qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha
cht v thc phm, tp 3 Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit. Nh xut bn
Khoa Hc v K Thut - H Ni.
4. Phm Vn Bn, V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam, 1992. Qu trnh v thit
b cng ngh ha hc tp 5 Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit. Trng i hc
bch khoa Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.
5. Phm Vn Thm, 2002. S tay thit k thit b ha cht v ch bin thc
phm a dng. Trng i hc Cn Th
6. Nguyn Th Ngc M v cng s, 2015. Thit k h thng c c dung
dch nc c chua mt ni nng sut 800 kg/h. Trng i hc K thut- Cng
ngh Cn Th.
7. Ng Trn Hong Dng, 2012. Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni
lin tc c c dung dch NaOH. Trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph HCM.
8. V Qung Trng, 2009. Thit k h thng c c 1 ni c ng tun hon
trung tm.

43