Iron

Ferrum-(from Latin: ferrum, ultimately from ferre to bear or carry)

Iron 56-Iron-56 (56Fe) is the most common isotope of iron. About 91.754% of all iron is iron-56.

Of all nuclides, iron-56 has the lowest mass per nucleon. With 8.8 MeV binding energy per nucleon,
iron-56 is one of the most tightly bound nuclei.[1]

Nickel-62, a relatively rare isotope of nickel, has a higher nuclear binding energy per nucleon; this is
consistent with having a higher mass per nucleon because nickel-62 has a greater proportion
of neutrons, which are slightly more massive than protons. See the nickel-62 article for more
information regarding the ordering of binding energy per nucleon, and mass-per-nucleon, for various
nuclides.

Osmium
Osmium has a blue-gray tint and is the densest stable element, slightly denser
than iridium.[4]Calculations of density from the X-ray diffraction data may produce the most reliable
data for these elements, giving a value of 22.5620.009 g/cm3 for iridium
versus22.5870.009 g/cm3 for osmium.[5]

Cobalt

The use of magnets goes back deep into history with the early magnetic stones being varieties of
magnetite (Fe3O4). Practical magnets however came much later and were based on quenched carbon
steels. At this stage, it is best to introduce the hysteresis loop, the basic tool of the magnetician. Ferro-
magnetic materials cobalt, nickel, iron are characterised by having unbalanced electron spins.