Preface

This document is a compilation of all the essay topics and ideas

to date contributed by a vast number of past examiners.

The Topics were organised according to its genre and topics to

facilitate readers to be able to link the similar ideas together.

In order to do well in writing component, it is important to use

at least 1 complex sentences to demonstrate your writing ability
as shown in the Tips section.

Also, memorizing the whole essay will not help during the
exam. The aim of this document is to provide you with a
general ideas regarding to the topic, and it is advisable to write
the essay in your own style in order to be able to finish writing
within the allocated time frame.

Finally, what goes around comes around.

It is very important for us to share what we have learnt with

others.

This document is free for all and shall not be used for any profit
purposes.

Best of Luck

Shean

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 18. Successful Sports stars and glamorous film stars are a
role model for youngsters. Do you think that it is a good thing
Table of Contents or not? ................................................................................................................ 10
Essay Tips ........................................................................... 4 19. Violence portrayed on TV and in the movies leads to an
increase in crime in our society. People who watch violent
A. Child Assessment ..................................................... 5 movies are more likely to become criminals. Do you agree or
Examination ........................................................................................................ 5 disagree?. .......................................................................................................... 10
1. Significance of formal written assessments in today's
F. Experiences from Abroad (Overseas) ......................... 12
world to evaluate children's performance. ......................................... 5
Overseas Study ................................................................................................ 12
2. In education system, assessment through formal written
examination still valid? ................................................................................ 5 20. Travel to study is over rated, we have brilliant scholars
3. Education system that assess the student's learning by who studied locally. Is travel really required for higher studies?
written exam is correct? Discuss your view? ...................................... 5 12
21. "Value added by travel in Education Is travel a necessary
B. Life long Learning ........................................................ 6 component of education or not? Will scholar sitting at home
Learning ................................................................................................................ 6 have more knowledge than one who travels? " ............................... 12
4. Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for 22. More and more students are studying at universities
children. Is it more positive for their future aspect or have some abroad, either because it is cheaper, or because they feel they
adverse effects. Agree or disagree? ......................................................... 6 can receive a better education, or because it will provide them
5. It is as important for school children to study music, art with greater professional opportunities.Discuss the advantages
and sport as it is for them to become literate and numerate.' and disadvantages of studying abroad. .............................................. 12
How far do you agree with this statement? Support your point
G. Decision Making and Work Balance .......................... 13
of view with reasons and / or examples from your own
Decision Making Authority ........................................................................ 13
experience. ......................................................................................................... 6
23. Organisations involve employees in decision making
6. Is it necessary to make english language globalization. Do
you agree or disagree ................................................................................... 6 process of their products and services. Discuss the advantages
Education ............................................................................................................. 6 and disadvantages of both. ....................................................................... 13
7. Education is critical element of the prosperity of any 24. Company’s top level authorities should get their
employees in decision making process. Discuss ............................... 13
nation. The more educated the people of the country are, more
Time Management ......................................................................................... 13
successful their nation becomes. .............................................................. 6
25. Different people get success in different fields. Some
8. Do you think that educational visits and excursions are
people work long hours to get success, but others feel that
beneficial for the academic progress of students or would it be
better to spend that time on doing more academic stuff like spend free time for joy than Wealth. Which style closely related
reading books or studying new subjects? ............................................. 6 to you and explain your views? ............................................................... 13
Work Balance ................................................................................................... 13
C. Learning Barrier .......................................................... 7 26. Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the
Einstein ................................................................................................................. 7 extent that they hardly have time for their personal life. Discuss.
9. “My education is a hindrance to the process of my 13
learning"- Explain this quote by Einstein ............................................. 7
H. Sports, Recreation activities ...................................... 14
10. “The only thing that interfere with my leaning is my
education”- Einstein. What does he mean by that? And do you 27. Extreme sports like skiing, water rafting etc etc are
think he is correct? ......................................................................................... 7 dangerous and should these be banned? ............................................ 14
Illiterate ................................................................................................................ 7 28. Pros and Cons of extreme/adventure sports. ....................... 14
11. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who I. Modern Invention ...................................................... 15
cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, 29. In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions
and relearn. Agree or Disagree? .............................................................. 7 such as antibiotics, air planes and computers. What do you
D. Parental Responsibility ............................................... 9 think is the most important of them? Why? Greatest invention
Parental Responsibility .................................................................................. 9 in the last 100 years, medicine, science or technology? ............... 15
12. Parents should be held legally responsible for their 30. What are the greatest inventions of the 20th century
children’s acts. What is your opinion? Support it with personal among medicine, aeroplane and computers, why? ........................ 15
31. ANY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE
examples.... ......................................................................................................... 9
RECENT YEARS IS A BOON OR CURSE FOR THE SOCIETY IN
13. It is argue that getting married before finishing school or
GENERAL. Do you agree or disagree that Mass Media, Like TV,
getting a job is not a good choice. To what extent do you agree
Radio and Newspaper have a huge impact on people, especially
or disagree? ....................................................................................................... 9
young generation? ........................................................................................ 15
E. Role Model/Background Influences ........................... 10 32. Talk about the pros/cons of this era as is full of daily
Growing up, influence ................................................................................... 10 invention. Any recent invention that you think proved beneficial
14. "Do you think the place where a person grew up helps or detrimental to society. .......................................................................... 15
him/her in accomplishing goals in life? Do you agree or 33. Most people in what are known as the developed nations
disagree. ............................................................................................................ 10 have homes full of gadgets and labor-saving devices, from
15. "Many people think that regions affect successful person. vacuum cleaners and dishwashers to the latest in computer
What is your opinion about native region and accomplished technology. Some people claim that despite all these labor-
person’s influence on the region he belongs to? Explain with saving devices, we seem to have less free time. In your opinion,
Example". ......................................................................................................... 10 has technology improved the quality of life or made it more
16. Some people think law changes our behaviour. Discuss. 10 complicated? ................................................................................................... 15
Role Model ......................................................................................................... 10 34. When computers first appeared on the scene, it was
17. Imitating celebrities in sports and movies good or bad? 10 thought they would make us more productive in providing
goods and services, smarter and possibly happier. Skeptics
claim that the opposite is true as computers have proved
 disappointing in terms of productivity, and have made us less 53. Do you think that it is better for governments to spend a
happy and more stupid because information is not huge amount of money in activities like space exploration when
knowledge.Which of these points of view do you agree with there any so many crucial problems in our society where that
most? 15 money could be spent? ................................................................................ 23
54. The claim that animals have “rights” has been the subject
J. TV & Mass Media ....................................................... 17 of much debate since the 1970s. Are zoos helping or hurting our
Television ........................................................................................................... 17 aniamls? Should zoos be banned? Do you agree or disagree? .. 23
35. Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life. 55. "In some countries around the world, voting is
Medium to spread news & awareness and for some it acts like a compulsory. Do you agree with the notion of compulsory
companion. What is your opinion about this? ................................. 17 voting? ............................................................................................................... 23
36. Television has two roles: to inform and to entertain. 56. If Voting is compulsory in democratic society, what
Explain which of these roles you see as more important. To conclusions can we draw about ‘Nature of democracy? ............. 23
what extent do you think that TV today performs each of these 57. In some countries around the world, voting is compulsory.
roles in an effective way? Support your point of view with Do you agree with the notion of compulsory voting? If voting is
details from your own experiences, observations or reading. .. 17 compulsory in a democratic society, what are some conclusions
37. Television has many useful functions to play in everyone’s we can draw about the nature of democracy? ................................ 23
life, for some its relaxation, for some it is companion. ................. 17 58. Tobacco, mainly in the form of cigarettes, is one of the
38. The mass media including TV, Radio and newspaper most widely used drugs in the world. over a billion adults
influence our society and shape our opinions and characters. legally smoke tobacco every day. The long term health costs are
What is your opinion? ................................................................................. 17 high- for smokers themselves, and for the wider community in
39. Information revolution has changed the way of mass terms of health care costs and lost productivity .Do
communications and had some negative and positive effects on governments have a legitimate role to legislate to protect
individual lives as well as on society. To what extent do you citizens from the harmful effects of their own decisions to
agree or disagree? ........................................................................................ 17 smoke, or are such decisions up to the individual? To what
40. Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 extent you agree ? ......................................................................................... 23
years. Discuss pros and cons impacts. .................................................. 17
41. Some people use television as a form of entertainment P. Tourism ..................................................................... 25
only while others take it as a source of information. Choose 59. In under developed countries, tourism has disadvantages
which position you agree the most with. ............................................ 17 and can be said the opposite as well. ................................................... 25
60. Some people prefer to spend their holidays in resorts
K. Evolution, Replacement, Improvement, industrial where everything is organized for them and they take little
revolution ......................................................................... 19 interest in the country they are visiting. Others prefer to travel
42. Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is around the country and to see how the people live, to get to
your opinion about this? Discuss with appropriate examples. . 19 know their customs and traditions and cuisine. Write an essay
43. In the 18th century due to industrialization a lot of on which type of foreign travel you think is best for both the
people migrated to develop countries. This affected lifestyle and tourist and the local community. ........................................................... 25
increased major problems in develop countries. ............................ 19
44. Do you believe that industrial revolution was the main Q. Abstract Ideology, & Discussion ................................ 26
factor for problems in developed nation? .......................................... 19 61. A recent trend in the entertainment world is to adapt
classic works of literature for either TV or the movies. One
L. Packaging and Advertising ......................................... 20 argument is that this is to everyone's benefit, as it introduces
45. Do you think consumer should avoid over packed people to works they might otherwise never have experienced,
products or it is responsibility of producer to avoid extra while others say that turning books into movies not only
packaging of products? Give your views or any relevant cheapens the original, but is rarely done successfully.In your
example with your own experience. ..................................................... 20 opinion, do works of literature translate effectively to the
46. Some people think placing advertisements in schools is a screen? ............................................................................................................... 26
great resource for public schools that need additionally funding, 62. It has recently been suggested that the classical, or
but others think it exploits children by treating them as a "dead", languages Latin and Greek should be re-introduced into
captive audience for corporate sponsors ........................................... 20 the school curriculum. Those that oppose the idea claim that
M. Merchandise, Marketing .......................................... 21 the ancient languages are of no practical use and no help in
getting a job. Those in favor of the idea say that education is
47. Should marketing for consumer goods companies like
more about training the mind than preparing for a
clothing and food focus on reputation or on short term
career.Which of these points of view do you most agree with? 26
strategies like discount and special offers? Why? .......................... 21
63. “In a war of ideas, it is people who get killed”. Does a
48. "Marketing strategy for big companies should be placed
common man suffer from a group’s ideology? Express your
on offer and discounts, and in what ways this can impact on
opinion, and support the same with reasons and examples. ..... 26
their reputatio ................................................................................................ 21
N. Climate Change, Global Warming, Environmental ..... 22
49. You need to study climate change. Which aspect of
climate change will you choose and why? Use examples. ........... 22
50. Write about Climate change? Who is responsible whether
Government or industries? Why ............................................................. 22
51. Roles of governments, companies and individuals to
combat climate change .............................................................................. 22
52. The environment we live in is in danger due to various
problems. What are the underlying causes? Who is responsible
to combat this? What measures? ........................................................... 22
O. Government, Country, Politics, Democracy , decision,
Law , Rights ...................................................................... 23
 Essay Tips • Frequent Predetermined Vocab

• Unquestionable
It is unquestionable true that • Inevitable
It is undeniably true that • Undeniable Integral
Conspicuous 显然的
No one can deny that … • Plays an important role in Correlation
It cannot be deniend that … • The term ____ refers to Attribute
Perceived
____
• ____ will be discussed in this Imperative 重要的
essay Ubiquity
___ has always been an integral aspect of
_____ • Mitigate Morale 士气，斗志
Secular 现世的, 俗界的
Thanks to, we can _______ • Firstly, Secondly
Tremendously
We can find overwhelming evidence in • In summary, ____ can result in
support of the fact that _______.
____
There is a positive correlation between__ • Adversely affected due to ____ Bolster,
Research has shown that _____ Impeccable,
• Strongly believe that ___ should
Indispensable,
___ not only save our time, but also ___ be avoided Parochial attitude,
• Advocated Fathom,
___ can be attributed largely to _____
Laudable effort,
Had __ not been ___ed, we would have
• Abolished Crux,
been ___ Unbridled/bridled,
•
Formidable,
Had I not gone ____, I would not have been
Inundate =泛滥；淹没；浸
able to _____.
水
Had I not decided to go overseas, I would Inevitably,
not have developed a brigher future. Jeopardize,
Based on the above argument, I concede Emancipation,
that Itinerary,
Overwhelming,
As a matter of course (当然的) Tremendously
Marginally
Drink, Play, Use responsibly, Self Disipline

On the surface, it seems that,.

However upon further inspection, Highly

debatable.

The long term benefits will definitely

outweight the cost and effort.

Research, statistics indicates that

Do not abuse, misuse the facilitlies,

Conveniences for others.

The long-term benefits will definitely

outweighs the cost
 1,2,3. Do you think that formal written Examination refers to a method of evaluation
examinations are a good way to assess to judge the student’s skills and knowledge
A. Child Assessment knowledge at school? mainly via written exams. It usually reflects
student’s learning capability on paper, but
Examination Without any doubts formal written some people think otherwise. Whether or not
examination is used widely as assessment formal written examinations is an appropriate
1. Significance of formal written criteria. way to gauge student’s knowledge will be
assessments in today's world to discussed.
evaluate children's performance. Although this method has been around
for ages this is not the better way of First of all, written exams are more inclined
assessing knowledge towards testing the student’s ability to
2. In education system, assessment memorize and cramp learning materials the
through formal written day before exams. Student’s with better

examination still valid? photographic memory skills will be able to
Examanitation is not a good way memorize the sample answers without having
3. Education system that assess the to understand how the question even works.
student's learning by written Formal written exams are more inclined Moreover, due to time constraint, students are
exam is correct? Discuss your towards testing the student’s memory. often nervous while attempting the questions,
view? hence are not in their optimal condition to
think.
Time also plays a major role during
formal examinations.
However, written examination is the only way
• Children Performance to stop student’s from cheating via other
It’s not always true that different persons
forms of examination. For instance, student’s
Evaluation can perform equally when they are under
take home assignment could be easily
pressure. completed by others, hence will not reflects
• Written Exam?
their actual knowledge.
Even the most intelligent among the

Written assessment students may not be able to perform well On the surface, it seems that examination has
on formal examination. asserted unnecessary pressure onto students.
Writing is an essential skill that allows
However upon further inspection, formal
people to participate fully in today's written examination allows the students to
society and to contribute to the demonstrate their individual knowledge and
economy. Examination is a good way prevents cheating from any other forms of
non-written examination. Had examination
The assessment of writing is central to Cheating can be prevented in formal not been imposed in school, students would
the process of effective teaching and exams. not have been motivated to pay attention in
learning of writing. class. Hence, it is strongly believed that
Individual assignments can be bought. written examination should be the appropriate
This, in turn, can enable greater formal assessment for children.
understanding of the requirements Less cheating if properly supervised as
needed to support their learning. compared to project works and group

assignments where 2 students actually
It allows students to effectively convey work and rest just put their names in.
thoughts and ideas through text is
classroom-based writing assessment.

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Such formative assessments allow
teachers to

gauge the effectiveness of their
teaching methods.


B. Life long Learning
Learning
4. Learning a new language at an
early age is helpful for children. Is •
it more positive for their future
aspect or have some adverse effects.
Agree or disagree?
5. It is as important for school
children to study music, art and
sport as it is for them to become
literate and numerate.' How far do
you agree with this statement?
Support your point of view with
reasons and / or examples from
your own experience.
6. Is it necessary to make english
language globalization. Do you
agree or disagree
Education
7. Education is critical element of the
prosperity of any nation. The more
educated the people of the country
are, more successful their nation
becomes.
8. Do you think that educational
visits and excursions are beneficial
for the academic progress of
students or would it be better to
spend that time on doing more
academic stuff like reading books
or studying new subjects?
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4. Learning a new language at an early 6. Do you think English will remain to be
age is helpful for children. Is it more a global language despite globalisation
positive for their future prospects or or will it be replaced by some other
does it have some adverse effects as language in the future?
well?
• Noà Software will easily translate
languages so we don’t need to learn
Against: People used to think that more than one language just for
learning two languages created communication in the future.
confusion in the mind. Some studies
did seem to back up the idea that • Language from emerging economies
learning two languages could be like India and China such as Hindi and
problematic; early researchers noted Mandarin which are used as a first
that bilingual people tended to have language by billions of people have a
smaller vocabularies and slower greater potential to surpass English in
access to words. terms of the number of users.
• Agree: Bilingualism delays Alzheimer’s • Yesà English is already the most
disease by as much as five . popular language- a vast majority of
documents, books, publications,
• There are several benefits of learning contracts etc. are in English, making it
a new language irreplaceable. The impact of
Hollywood film industry cannot be
• Being bilingual can lead to improved neglected.
listening skills, since the brain has to
work harder to distinguish different • Despite other languages being popular
types of sounds in two or more with time, English will gain more
languages ground due to the cultural influence.
• Babies brought up in a bilingual • With globalisation, people travel even
environment have stronger more and need to converse with
working memories people from other linguistic
backgrounds so English has to
• Better multi-Tasking: potential to grow into a more
commonly accepted international
• easier to adapt to unexpected lingua franca, although it already is.
circumstances.
• Rather there is a risk of extinction for
• Better chances of getting a job- e.g.: other languages used by small groups
multinational companies need of people all around the world.
employees who can travel abroad and
negotiate with clients in their own
language. Banks hire multilingual
tellers. 8. Do you think that educational visits
and excursions are beneficial for the
5 Music+Art+sport vs Literate + academic progress of students or would
Numerate it be better to spend that time on doing
more academic stuff like reading books
Balance learning environment or studying new subjects?
• StudyingàMore knowledge in less
Brain development time. Students can go on visits in their
own time-school time is for studies.
• Cheaper for poor schools which don’t
have enough funds.
• Educational visits àMake students
fresh and active. Holds their interests.
• Students remember things for a longer
time
C. Learning Barrier
Einstein
9. “My education is a hindrance to
the process of my learning"-
Explain this quote by Einstein
10. “The only thing that interfere with
my leaning is my education”-
Einstein. What does he mean by
that? And do you think he is
correct?
Illiterate
11. The illiterate of the 21st century
will not be those who cannot read
and write, but those who cannot
learn, unlearn, and relearn. Agree
or Disagree?
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9. "My education is a hindrance to the 10. Education is the biggest barrier in
process of my learning"- Explain this my learning - Einstein. What do you
quote by Einstein mean by this? And do you think
Einstein was correct in saying that?
Many people believe that formal
education is the only way to learn and Education has always been an integral
acquire knowledge, however, Albert aspect of the human civilisation and the
Einstein had a different view on the education system is the best way to pass
process of learning and the concept of our pool of knowledge to the future
education. This essay is going to analyse generation.
his quote and compare and contrast the
differences between education and • Specialisations are necessary but basic
learning. level of knowledge in all fields of
education is essential to get along our
Education is the formal way of giving lives.
knowledge by someone who has them to
someone who does not yet acquired them, • A good musician, for example, still
however, it seems like Einstein had a needs to be able to make simple
different view to process of learning and arithmetic calculations or a good
there is some fundamental truth behind footballer still needs to know the
his words. Firstly, education is biased important events in his own country’s
and usualy limited to knowledge of an history.
educator. Secondly, education does not
guarantee to give correct knowledge, it • Although most of the school systems
can be totally and utterly wrong, we can may not be for the extraordinary
refer to an examples when teacher taught students, they work best for the
students that our plant is flat. Finally, majority as they are designed to
education gives narrowed down accommodate the needs of average
knowledge which were probably not students.
enough for Albert Einstein.
• In a traditional education system,
Learning for an Einstein was holistic students learn through a formally
process, it involved not only designed education pattern
understanding the basic things taught by restricting their thought process.
teachers and professors, but rather much This discourages the students to think
more deep research into the things he out of the box and search for solution
wanted to know. Therefore, his learning themselves. Einstein may have
were hindered by education, not only that wanted to focus on Math and
they gave him, probably wrong Physics only but not study all other
understandings of things, but most subjects that did not interest him.
likely altered his path to knowledge. He may have wanted to experiment
His findings were so innovative that his limitless ideas which was not
contemporaries did not fully allowed by the existing education
understand them even more so they system. This may be the reason why
didn’t think that he was genius, rather Einstein believed that formal
mad man. education hinders the process of
learning.
In conclusion, conventional education
tends to limit the knowledge and alter • In conclusion, Einstein felt that the
the process of learning, Einstein has education system hindered his process
realized it, and believed that education is of learning due to several limiting
stopping him from learning new things factors in the system designed to cater
and maybe make new discoveries. to everybody’s needs. This one-size-
fits-all approach not only limits the
creativity of talented students, but
also creates frustration among
students for not getting to spend
their time on what they are good at.
Hence, he was absolutely correct in his
comment about the education he
received, which in fact needs a radical
reform to be able to cater to the needs
of different types of students.
11. 'In future illiterate will not be those
who cannot read and write, but those
who cannot learn, unlearn and
relearn'. Discuss what do you
understand by this statement and state
your reason.

• the successful person in the future will

be the person with wide-ranging
abilities - the person, solve problems,
collaborate and be flexible and
creative.'

• Creative teachers have understood

this for decades, but education
systems, are slow to adapt frustrating
most attempts at meaningful
evolution.

• Education suited to our children's

needs must help them cope as
individuals in a complex world.

• The challenge for each of us is to find

the method of learning best suited
to the demands of that future, and
this will be the subject of my articles
over the coming weeks.

• If someone is not able to follow the

trend of the changes in ways how
information is exchanged, he may
be deemed illiterate in no time.

• Due to the rapid technological

advancements almost everything
has been digitised and information
exchanged in hard copy and print
media are a thing of the past.

• We can find many senior citizens who

were highly regarded scholars of their
age but are not introduced to
computers.

• So at this digital age they are

finding it difficult to keep
themselves informed, the only
barrier is they don’t understand
computers.

• They know how to read and write but

they are still deprived of the
information as if they are illiterates.

• We have many examples of

occupations of the past like milkman,
cobbler, etc. are no more in existence

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D. Parental Responsibility
Parental Responsibility
12. Parents should be held legally
responsible for their children’s
acts. What is your opinion?
Support it with personal
examples....
13. It is argue that getting married
before finishing school or getting a •
job is not a good choice. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
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12. Parents should be held legally 13. It is argued that getting married
responsible for their children’s acts. before finishing school or getting a job
What is your opinion? is not a good choice. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
• YesàSomeone should be financially
accountable for the damage caused. • Balancing time at home, adjusting to a
new life and spending time on
• To force parents to teach good values academics is a daunting task,
to their children, due to the fear of
misdoings by their children, even if • Married college students are often
the parents are not so morally left with not enough time to do
responsible themselves. housework, study or have couple
time.
Noà Parents cannot run after their
kids for 24 hours. • The college marriage often results in
restriction of college experiences,
• There should be a certain age limit, participation in college functions and
may be 12. of relationships of college friends.
• All they can do is take moral • marriage affects academics.
responsibility BUT not legal
responsibility. • Getting married before finishing
studies and getting employed can be
• Children should understand that there arduous at times. Although some may
are consequences if they make object that it's good to have a helping
mistakes. hand, I would still advocate that
getting married later is much better as
• No punishment means less careful one can focus on his career.
next time. So, parents should not cover
their children’s mistakes all the time. • There are numerous disadvantages to
getting married while still a student.
• Although the punishment can be less Getting married early in life can create
severe which suits their age like social a greater problem when you are
work rather than juvenile detention. dependent on parents to support you.
There is the probability of more
tension on the part of both sets of
parents. Expecting your parents to
continue paying your tuition as though
you were still a child once you have
chosen to take on the very adult
responsibility of marriage can also
create tension.
• Another reason to wait is the time
constraint on enrolled newlyweds.
Balancing time at home, adjusting
to a new life and spending time on
academics is a daunting task,
regardless of how organized you are.
Married college students are often left
with not enough time to do
housework, study or have couple time.
Little time is left for each other so
there’s less time to work on personal
growth and the marriage.

E. Role Model/Background
Influences
Growing up, influence
14. "Do you think the place where a
person grew up helps him/her in
accomplishing goals in life? Do you
agree or disagree.
15. "Many people think that regions
affect successful person. What is
your opinion about native region
and accomplished person’s
influence on the region he belongs
to? Explain with Example".
16. Some people think law changes our
behaviour. Discuss.
Role Model
17. Imitating celebrities in sports and
movies good or bad?
18. Successful Sports stars and
glamorous film stars are a role
model for youngsters. Do you think
that it is a good thing or not?
19. Violence portrayed on TV and in
the movies leads to an increase in
crime in our society. People who
watch violent movies are more
likely to become criminals. Do you
agree or disagree?.
• “birds of feather flocks together”
. In conclusion, we can say that rules and
• abide by, comply with, the rules, law, regulations can help in controlling the
and regulation behaviour that is dangerous. Laws not
• Offender shuld be liable for for their of people but are necessary for the
actions and wrong doing. development of society.
By punishing those who committed
inappropriate acts, it allows them to
realised their misconuct, hence
giving them a chance to turn over a
new live
Attitude towards study will
determine the outcome
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14, 15. Many people think that the 16. Some people believe laws change
region where we grow up affects our human behaviour. Do you agree with
accomplishments. Do you think that it?
place where the person grew has an
influence on his accomplishments? It is an undeniable fact that laws and rules
should be in place for the smooth
achieving success in life depends on many functioning of the society. Law is the
factors such as determination, discipline, only way to have control over the
clear visions of your goals and ambitions, public. People usefully behave in a way
motivation and most importantly hard that is in accordance with the law so it is
work. not true that law changes our behaviour.
It can only assist in creating a disciplined
The first main aspect of our environment for the society and
environment that influences our controlling the crime to some extent but
success is the people we surround not eliminating it.
ourselves with on a daily basis. For
example, surrounding yourself with Firstly, imposing laws has created a
friends who are more self-disciplined can sense of fear among people of getting
also help you become more self- punished. For instance, damaging the
disciplined. As the wise saying goes, birds historical monuments, books, paintings,
of a feather flock together. sculptures or other form of art is
considered a crime and is punishable
People grow up in a poorer country under vandalism law. This example shows
will be motivated to strive harder to that a person with moral responsibility
achieve their goals. Comparing to will take care of other’s assets but a
children brought up in a well to do person who is not worried about the
country, they were usually well fed and consequences will deface them. Thus, we
lack of motivational impetus to strive can say that human’s action can be
regulated by laws but cannot be changed
hard.
completely.
It is dependent upon an individual’s
will-power and intelligence. e.g.: In addition, in our day to day life, we
someone. (story of how he grew up in a follow rules without even realizing them.
poor place and later became successful). Traffic law is an example of this. Today,
most of us follow the traffic signals out of
habit. We stop at a red light, start an
indicator before a turn and wear seat belt
when we are on road. Thus, we can say
that laws embed some changes in human
behaviour to some extent. However, we
are still facing road-accidents which
clearly show that rules and regulations
have controlled the behaviour of mankind
without altering them completely.
only help in checking the reckless nature
17, 18. Successful sports stars and
glamorous film stars are a role model
for youngsters. Do you think that it is a
good thing or not?

It is human nature to imitate the popular

trends. These sports and movie stars
being portrayed as personalities with
admirable jazzy lifestyle, most youngsters
want to copy them. I am advocating
against this trend.

It seems like every day there are more

and more stories and pictures on the
Internet of the illicit activities of
celebrities. Teens see these people
partying, drinking alcohol or doing
drugs, and they think they should too.
This sends the message to teens that in
order to have fun or be cool, you have to
use these substances. Teens may begin to
think that it is no big deal, and this can
cause serious problems leading to and
including drug and alcohol addictions,
risk-taking behaviours, and even death.

Children are inspired to become

successful- if a child makes a footballer
his role model and works hard to become
a footballer one day-that would be a great
achievement.

Positive inspiration helps children to

become hard working and healthy.
Although they may leave the dream of
becoming like their favourite singer or
sportsperson they will continue their
habit of working hard throughout their
lives, making them successful at whatever
they choose to do.

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F. Experiences from
Abroad (Overseas)
Overseas Study
20. Travel to study is over rated, we
have brilliant scholars who studied
locally. Is travel really required for
higher studies?
21. "Value added by travel in
Education Is travel a necessary
component of education or not?
Will scholar sitting at home have
more knowledge than one who
travels? "
22. More and more students are
studying at universities abroad,
either because it is cheaper, or
because they feel they can receive a
better education, or because it will
provide them with greater
professional opportunities.Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages
of studying abroad.
20,21,22) Is it better to study at your experience either by studying or
home country or is it better to study working abroad.
abroad? OR “Value added by travel in
Education.” Is travel a necessary • Thus, we can say that international
component of education or not? Will studies add value to a student’s
scholar sitting at home have more education.
knowledge than one who travels? OR
Travel to study is over rated, we have • In summary, it can be said that
brilliant scholars who studied locally. travelling to foreign countries for
Is travel really required for higher higher studies is a key to succeed in
studies? this globalised planet.
• The development of society is going
towards a globalised world where
education is an essential foundation
for personal, social and economic
success.
• International studies are becoming a
new trend for young people as a way
to expand their education beyond
their traditional education style.
• It is agreed that adding a foreign
qualification has become an integral
part of higher studies.
• This argument is proven by looking at
how it widens people’s perspective
and helps them with better career
opportunities.
• Studying abroad helps people
increase their awareness about
different cultures of the world.
• This will contribute in creating
individuals with a broader
understanding of issues concerning
today’s society rather than limiting
them in a scope of home education
system.
• For example, universities have a large
community of students both from the
local area and all around the globe.
• The diverse academic community
enhances the quality of learning by
providing wider spectrum of opinions
and expertise.
• This example clearly shows that
international education enhances
outlook and sharpens self-awareness.
Moreover, acquiring a globally
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•
recognized qualification or degree
opens the doors for international
job market.
• The students gain more knowledge
and expertise when abroad and
apply them to situations requiring
international interactions.
• Also, employers look for the
graduates with international

G. Decision Making and
Work Balance
Decision Making
Authority
23. Organisations involve employees in
decision making process of their
products and services. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of
both.
24. Company’s top level authorities
should get their employees in
decision making process. Discuss
Time Management
25. Different people get success in
different fields. Some people work
long hours to get success, but
others feel that spend free time for
joy than Wealth. Which style
closely related to you and explain
your views?
Work Balance
26. Nowadays, people spend too much
time at work to the extent that they
hardly have time for their personal
life. Discuss.
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24) Should top level authorities take 25, 26) Nowadays, people spend too
suggestions or ideas from employees much time at work to the extent that
to make any decisions? Discuss. they hardly have time for their
personal life. Discuss.
Decision making is a crucial step in a
success of a company. The moot question Modern lifestyle has brought some drastic
is that whether involvement of employees changes in a way we function as
is required for the decision making compared to our traditional lifestyle.
process. People are spending most of their day at
work and can hardly spare some time for
The solid foundation of any successful personal life.
company is its people. Employees
represent a source of knowledge and People work more hours than required to
ideas, but often times that resource improve their performance and
remains untapped. Involving employees maintain their position at work
in the decision-making process not only
empowers them to contribute to the Work-life balance is about creating
success of an organization, but also and maintaining supportive and
saves the company time and money. It healthy work environments, which will
also increases productivity and enable employees to have balance
reduces outsourcing. between work and personal
responsibilities and thus strengthen
Improving Morale-Actively engaging employee loyalty and productivity.
workers in the decision-making
process increases overall company Today’s workers have many competing
morale. Employees understand their responsibilities such as work and
ideas are an important contribution to the children. Work-life conflict is a serious
company, and gives them the power to problem that impacts workers, their
influence the outcome of their work, employers and communities.
leading to increased job satisfaction and a
positive attitude. Long work hours and highly stressful jobs
leads to numerous physical and mental
health implications. For instance,
Internal Resources-Using employees in associated with health risks, such as
the decision-making process, rather than increased smoking and alcohol
outsourcing, saves money, time, and consumption, weight gain and depression.
offers the company long-term reliable
assistance from those who know the Negative implications on family life.
corporation well. Their work responsibilities interfere with
their ability to fulfill their responsibilities
at home.
Teamwork-Participation in the decision-
making process gives each employee the A growing number of employers have
opportunity to voice their opinions, and implemented wellness programs or
to share their knowledge with others. pay for their employees’ gym
While this improves the relationship membership as part of a benefits package.
between manager and employee, it also
encourages a strong sense of teamwork
among workers.

H. Sports, Recreation
activities
27. Extreme sports like skiing, water
rafting etc etc are dangerous and
should these be banned?
28. Pros and Cons of
extreme/adventure sports.
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J. Modern Invention
29. In the past 100 years, there have
been many inventions such as
antibiotics, air planes and
computers. What do you think is
the most important of them? Why?
Greatest invention in the last 100
years, medicine, science or
technology?
30. What are the greatest inventions of
the 20th century among medicine,
aeroplane and computers, why?
31. ANY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE
RECENT YEARS IS A BOON OR
CURSE FOR THE SOCIETY IN
GENERAL. Do you agree or
disagree that Mass Media, Like TV,
Radio and Newspaper have a huge
impact on people, especially young
generation?
32. Talk about the pros/cons of this
era as is full of daily invention.
Any recent invention that you
think proved beneficial or
detrimental to society.
33. Most people in what are known as
the developed nations have homes
full of gadgets and labor-
saving devices, from vacuum
cleaners and dishwashers to the
latest in computer technology.
Some people claim that despite all
these labor-saving devices, we seem
to have less free time. In your
opinion, has technology improved
the quality of life or made it more
complicated?
34. When computers first appeared on
the scene, it was thought they
would make us more productive
in providing goods and services,
smarter and possibly happier.
Skeptics claim that the opposite is
true as computers have proved
disappointing in terms of
productivity, and have made us
less happy and more stupid
because information is not
knowledge.Which of these points of
view do you agree with most?
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27,28) Do you think that it is a good
idea to participate in dangerous
activities like extreme skiing, bungee
jumping, sky diving, motorcycle sports
etc.? Should we support such activities
or not?
Advancing technology and science has
invented new sports, never imagined
before with the risks that never existed
before. This argument can be proven by
looking at how these kinds of sports teach
self-reliance, teamwork and let everyone
leave their comfort zone.
While every sport has a danger, extreme
sports athletes are at a high risk of
serious injuries. when things go wrong,
they pay a heavy price. For instance,
Michael Schumacher was left fighting
for his life after a dreadful ski accident
in the French Alps 2 years ago. Thus, we
can say that adventurous people are
prepared to gamble their safety in search
of adrenaline rush
On the other hand, many people are
reluctant to try new things like mountain
biking, scuba diving, white river rafting,
para-gliding etc., thinking that they do not
possess the skills or have an ability to
enjoy it. Encouraging people to try new
activities results in building up team
spirit, promoting positive attitude and
making them come out of their comfort
zone. Thus, we can say that by trying out
dangerous sports, one can get rid-off the
negative feeling and develop a feeling of
working as a team.
Looking at the above arguments, we can
say that adventure sports have many
impressive benefits including problem
solving, improved communication
skills, self-confidence and team work.
Hence, these activities should be
supported but it is recommended that
these sports should be tried under proper
guidance and supervision of a guard. (Can
also talk about economic benefits through
tourism)
I.
29) In the past 100 years, there were
many inventions such as antibiotics,
airplanes and computers. What do you
think was the most important
invention of the past 100 years? Why?
The ability to innovate has always been
an integral aspect of the human
civilisation. This is one of the key factors
which has helped humans propel forward
and remain distinct from all other living
creatures in this world. Although
numerous other inventions in the last
century were important in their own
places, computers were above all for a
multitude of reasons.
One strong argument in favour of
computers is that they have propelled
research and science forward faster
than ever before. We cannot even
imagine any research project without
these devices today; they are the primary
tool for data collection, storage and
analysis in an array of fields such as
nuclear technology, biotechnology and
statistics. Thanks to modern robotics,
micro-operations inside our body by
nano-robots operated remotely by
surgeons located far away in their control
rooms have become a reality today.
In addition, no one can deny that
computers save our time in our day-to-
day lives. Had they not been invented,
we would have been stuck with pen
and paper and cupboards full of
documents. With the ubiquity of the
internet, we can store millions of such
documents and photographs in the cloud
and access them anytime and from
anywhere in the world and we do not
need to run to our storage vaults and
spend hours to find the document we are
after. Furthermore, activities like
shopping are not hectic and time
consuming anymore as we do not have to
visit brick-and-mortar stores to buy
things; we can rather shop online and
spend that time on something more
productive.
Based on the above arguments, I concede
that computers were our most
important creation of the 20th century
as they have not only speeded up our
research work, but also increased our
efficiency in our daily lives.
 32) Talk about pros/cons of this era as 32) Write about any recent These days we hear about new
it is full of daily inventions technological development in the inventions in numerous fields every
recent years that you think has proved day. Discuss about the pros and cons of
In today's world, where just about beneficial or detrimental to society. such fast paced technological
everything is more convenient and advancements. How do they impact
accessible due to advances in technology Internet: helped in research-google, our lives?
across almost all sectors. However, online libraries
despite how far technology has taken It is an undeniable fact that inventions
humans and no matter how convenient it Brought people closer-skype, Facebook have shrunk the boundaries of the world
may make things, there are some we live in. In this modern era everyday
disadvantages accompanying this level of BAD- less human interaction- people are there is some new invention in some part
access. more self-centred. of the world. Although these inventions
are meant to solve problems, many have
Technology advances show people a Loss of privacy and data insecurity- proven to be dangerous. This essay will
more efficient way to do things, and hacking, constant monitoring of our talk about its positive and negative
these processes get results. For example, online accounts. impacts.
education has been greatly advanced by
the technological advances of computers. These developments have also been
Students are able to learn on a global both positive and negative.In this essay
scale without ever leaving their I will discuss both the pros and cons of
classrooms..This results in cost savings these innovative inventions.
for business owners.
To start with advantages ,one cannot
The more advanced society becomes disagree that techonolgy has made our
technologically, the more people begin life simpler.We are now super efficient
to depend on computers and other and easily accessible.Such is the extent of
forms of technology for everyday our improved efficieny that just with a
existence. This means that when a click of a button we can do work which
machine breaks or a computer crashes, earlier used to take several weeks or
humans become almost disabled until the months . Communication barriers have
problem is resolved. This kind of also been broken via high speed
dependency on technology puts people internet and thanks to satellite we can
at a distinct disadvantage, because they now predict about everything around
become less self-reliant. us in a much better way.

Human workers retain less value, Now looking at the disadvantages , with
which is a disadvantage of the comfort provided by technology
technological advances. Because people have also become obese, lazy
machines automate processes and do the and introvert .A lot of people tend to get
work of 10 people with one computer, glued to their mobile devices and talk less
companies find they don't need to frequently , while a lot other with others
employ as many people to get the job prefer ordering food online rather than
done. As machines and computers walking down the street. These habits are
become even more advanced and negatively impacting their health and
efficient, this will continue to be a their life.
growing disadvantage of technology and
an issue that has a global impact. To conclude, technological
developments have indeed
tremendously impacted our life and in
my opinion it is upto to us how we make
best use of them.We should not let
technology take over our daily habits and
anything which we see can negatively
impact our life should be shunned
immediately.

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K. TV & Mass Media
Television
35. Nowadays TV has become an
essential part of life. Medium to
spread news & awareness and for
some it acts like a companion.
What is your opinion about this?
36. Television has two roles: to inform
and to entertain. Explain which of
these roles you see as more • Many television programs introduce television channels and radio stations to
important. To what extent do you
think that TV today performs each
of these roles in an effective way?
Support your point of view with
details from your own experiences, •
observations or reading.
37. Television has many useful
functions to play in everyone’s life, •
for some its relaxation, for some it
is companion.
• Compared with radio, everything on to influence the community accordingly.
38. The mass media including TV,
Radio and newspaper influence
our society and shape our opinions
and characters. What is your
opinion?
39. Information revolution has
changed the way of mass
communications and had some
negative and positive effects on
individual lives as well as on
society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
40. Communication has changed
significantly in the last 10 years.
Discuss pros and cons impacts.
41. Some people use television as a
form of entertainment only while
others take it as a source of
information. Choose which
position you agree the most with.
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35-37 Television 38) The mass media including TV,
Radio and newspaper influence our
TV became an essential part of life society and shape our opinions and
characters. What is your opinion?
TV informs and entertain
Newspapers, radio, television, and the
Tv provides relaxation and companion Internet—including e-mail and blogs—
are significantly influential on our society.
• Television is now playing a very The news media focus the public’s
important role in our lives. Television attention on certain personalities and
keeps you informed about current issues, leading many people to form
events. It allows you to follow the opinions about them.
latest developments in science and
politics. It is a system used by advertisement
agencies and media outlets, such as
people to things they never thought "convince" their audiences to do or act in
of before and have never heard of a certain way. It appeals to the
before. vulnerability of the desired target .
Television has been good company to For instance, a famous person or
those who do not work, like persons Who are recognized and
housewives, lonely old people, etc. admired by whole communities. These
individuals have the "Power" to convince
It brings most distant countries and their followers or fans into taking any
the strangest customs right into kind of action or decision. Therefore,
your living room. these famous people usually are linked or
work for some media outlet and are used,
television is more lifelike, vivid, and
real. The media has changed significantly in
the past years. Because of the availability
of television and radio all populations and
• Television keeps people informed of classes have been exposed to various
the news and weather. disasters like types of media. The Internet has
floods, winds, etc. provided an even newer media
resource. The majority of people have
Disadvantages very little time for reading and exploring
the truth of information. The producers of
• Television is a great time waster. media publication are aware of this and
use the media to influence public choice
• We no longer have enough time for and opinion. The problem lies in that
hobbies, entertaining activities. many people are gullible and society as a
whole is easily influenced by the media
• People have grown addicted to representations. The media also
television, often neglecting the responds to public demand and
necessary and more important things provides the information that the
like meals, sleep, and even work. public craves.
• Television prevents people from
communicating with each other.
• It has done much harm to the
relationship between family
members.
• Families sit and watch television at
dinner instead of talking with each
other
 40) Communication has changed 41. Some people use television as a
significantly in the last 10 yers. Disucss form of entertainment only while
pros and cons impacts others take it as a source of
information. Choose which position
IT has not only brought the world closer you agree the most with.
together. Therefore, we can not only
share information quickly and Entertainment: Nowadays the television
efficiently, but we can also bring down set at home is only for pure
barriers of linguistic and geographic entertainment. To watch movies when
boundaries. The world has developed into friends are around, to watch games or to
a global village due to the help of play music and videos.
information technology allowing to
shares ideas and information with each Television as a source of information:
other. Television keeps you informed about
current events.
Communication has also become
cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. Television keeps people informed of
We can now communicate with anyone the news and weather. Disasters like
around the globe by simply text floods, winds, etc. It allows people to
messaging them or sending them an email follow the latest developments in science
for an almost instantaneous response. and politics. Without actively searching
The internet has also opened up face to for anything it presents us all the current
face direct communication from different affairs going on around the world.
parts of the world thanks to the helps of
video conferencing. Information can be gained from other
easier sources like the internet. We get
Bridging the cultural gap - Information news in our mobile newsfeeds of our
technology has helped to bridge the laptops where we can select just what we
cultural gap by helping people from want to know. For e.g.: TV- all types of
different cultures to communicate with news-need to wait for a certain time for
one another, and allow for the exchange certain type of programs- advertisements
of views and ideas, thus increasing Whereas internet-we can choose what we
awareness and reducing prejudice. want.

Privacy - Though information

technology may have made
communication quicker, easier and
more convenient, it has also bought along
privacy issues. Due to website and email
hacking, people are now worried about
their once private information becoming
public knowledge.

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L. Evolution, Replacement,
Improvement, industrial
revolution
42. Large shopping malls are
replacing small shops. What is
your opinion about this? Discuss
with appropriate examples.
43. In the 18th century due to
industrialization a lot of people
migrated to develop countries. This
affected lifestyle and increased
major problems in develop
countries.
44. Do you believe that industrial
revolution was the main factor for
problems in developed nation?
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42. Large shopping malls are replacing 43,44. Industrial Revolution
small shops. What is your opinion
about this? Discuss with appropriate It is undeniable that industrial revolution
examples. marks a major turning point in human
history. Industrial Revolution refers to
It is an undeniable fact that mall culture is the transition from old to new
spreading its wings in most urban areas manufacturing processes back in the 18th
by replacing small shops. The question centuries. This transformation includes
whether this boom of mall's trend is the evolution of hand prodution methods
positive or negative is a complex issue, to machines which increases the
upon which opinion varies greatly. In this production efficiency, thus led to mass
essay we will look at some pros and cons human migration to the developed
of this trend. countries. The consequences of industrial
revolution will be discussed in the
Parking is one of the major hassles for sections below.
people who go into the city to shop.
Shopping at malls eliminates this With growing economy, the average
problem, because parking is provided income and population began to increase
either free of charge or for a nominal fee. consistently. This means that people are
This makes it advantageous for people to able to afford a better living, as well as
choose to shop at a mall rather than a better educational opportunity. This has
single store. Families who choose to visit strongly contributed to the civilization of
a mall on the weekend or holiday for a today’s world. Had the economy not grew
family outing find it to be a more so rapidly, the population would not have
convenient option mainly because enjoyed a improved and better life style.
parking is provided Bringing wealth and power to Great
Britain throughout the 19th century.
Visiting a mall is advantageous
because of the numerous stores With the invention of steam power
housed in one complex. Groceries, engine, the mass transportation of goods
clothes, shoes, reading material, food overseas became possible. However, this
courts, cinemas and entertainment also means that human migration from
arcades are available in one place. Malls least developed country became easier.
make great meeting places for friends to The increase in foreign migrants has led
catch up over coffee at a café or a meal at to social issues, for instance, the increase
the food court. in crime rates.
These include excessive crowding, In summary, the industrial revolution has
especially on weekends and holidays. increased the standard of living due to the
Crowded aisles and stores make shopping increases in average income, but also
very difficult; people often end up contribute to the social issues caused by
forgetting items they needed to buy. the foreign migrants.
Parking can also be a problem when the
mall is very crowded. Only Favours the upper class and rich
families.
The temptation to browse is always
present, and browsing often leads to No laws and regulation or whatsoever to
buying things that are not needed. restrict children as young as 7 to work
Keeping to a monthly budget becomes full time in coal mines or factories.
increasingly difficult every time you visit
the mall. With all the sales and special The tedious and dangerous factory work
offers intended to tempt buyers, saying had negative effects on the health of
"no" becomes very hard. children.
People from the country side floked to the
towns and the new factories to get work.
This resulted in a very high
unemployement rate for workers in the
initial phases of the industrial revolution.
Desperate migrants had no bargaining
power to demand for fair remuneration.
Densely packed and poorly constructed
working-class neighbourhoods
contributed to the fast spread of desease,
for instance cholera, tubercuosis
 45. Do you think consumers should 46. Some people think placing
avoid over packed products or it is advertisements in schools is a great
M. Packaging and responsibility of producer to avoid resource for public schools that need
Advertising extra packaging of products?" Give additional funding, but others think
your views or any relevant example. it exploits children by treating them
45. Do you think consumer should as a captive audience for corporate
avoid over packed products or it is an undeniable fact that some form sponsors. Choose which position you
is responsibility of producer to of packaging is absolutely necessary most agree with and discuss why you
avoid extra packaging of to deliver finished products safely to chose that position.
products? Give your views or the consumers or simply to increase
any relevant example with your the aesthetic beauty and appeal of the Public schools have seen a myriad of
own experience. product. As such packaging material challenges in recent years of economic
have numerous disadvantages, slowdown .To alleviate the financial
consumers should be conscious to not pinch , schools have no other option
46. Some people think placing
buy unnecessarily over-packaged other than commercialism to make ends
advertisements in schools is a
products ultimately forcing producers meet. Instead of cutting on
great resource for public schools
to refrain from such unethical practice. developmental programs, schools are
that need additionally funding,
but others think it exploits trying to gain income by selling
children by treating them as a Packaging helps to protect the advertisements on scoreboards , buses
captive audience for corporate products from damage or and even lockers to make up for some of
sponsors contamination during their budget shortfalls. However, this
transportation. But producers do not practice is quite controversial one, as
always package their products for this parents and community ponder
purpose. They very often combine whether advertising in and around
multiple layers of packaging. For schools is sending the right message
• # Temperature controlled food, help instance, putting products in a tray and to the student. I am of the opinion that
to maintain its quality. Foil cover wrapping with a plastic which are then advertising is an excellent resource for

prevent excessive heat or sun rays boxed. Moreover, colourful stickers are public schools facing funds crunches.
destroying the content. placed on the box to make it look

attractive to the consumers which Firstly, with huge budgets cuts and
• Foam and plastic crate protects could have been avoided if producers layoffs at their peak, any income

cookies from getting crumbled. wanted to be more responsible. obtained from advertising can be used
to encourage and assist faculty to give

• Environmentally not friendly. Consumers should always determine their best and to improve
which product is good and make their infrastructure. Lots of people are of the

• Polystyrene is not degradable, hence choice. They should not be attracted opinion that income generated by
polluting the mother nature, leading to the colourful impulsive packaging advertising is paltry but my belief is that

to environmental pollution. but avoid them. The packaged goods every bit counts , and more so when it is
industry is highly competitive, and about future of the kids.

• packaging manufacturers, packaged
goods producers and retailers are all Secondly, few of the parents with the

under pressure to come up with new perspective that their kids are made
and better packaging solutions. captive audience by showing them the

advertisements are oblivious of the fact
Based on the above arguments, that this can serve as learning for them.
As they grow up, it would be easier for
producers not only have a control over
how they want to produce and present them to choose between products and
their goods, but also have a moral make intelligent buying decisions
responsibility to care for the based on the product history.
environment, hence it can be argued
that producers are the ones who should To conclude, though one can always
stop this practice of using unnecessary argue that lure of tens of thousands of
packaging material to only increase the dollars in unrestricted revenue is hard to
appeal of a product without actually turn down, especially in crisis like
adding value. They can rather direct situation, one should also not forget the
their resources to educate the masses positive aspects of this revenue which
about the importance of how their can act as a critical support and as an
practice is ethical than others, which in effective tool in improving the quality
turn will boost their sales by increasing standards of currently ailing and cash
trust amongst their customer. strapped educational institutes.

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N. Merchandise,
Marketing
47. Should marketing for consumer
goods companies like clothing
and food focus on reputation or
on short term strategies like
discount and special offers?
Why?
48. "Marketing strategy for big
companies should be placed on
offer and discounts, and in what
ways this can impact on their
reputatio
Sustainability whooping discounts, attract numerous
48. Should the marketing strategy
for big companies should be placed
on offer and discounts, or they
should focus more on quality? In
what ways can this impact on their
reputation.
It is an undeniable fact that offering
quality product and services should be
a mandatory requirement for any
company. There should no exception or
choice on this. Advertising their
products and services on offer and
discounts is very essential. Offering
discounts attracts more customers
which will help increase the customer
base of the organizations. Groupon is a
very good example. They have built a
very successful business around the
concept of discounting. They only
promote the products or services of
third party businesses by offering
customers and run successfully on the
commission offered by the service
providers.
Discounting can actually hurt your
business in the long run. If you are
giving discounts it shows that you have
lack of confidence on your product,
people expect same price every time it
is a bad precedent, you are making your
product lower perceived value, people
think that your product is
untrustworthiness and finally you are
making cut down in your profit.
Instead of spending the valuable time
and money on promotions for
discounts, companies can focus on
value of the product, know their
target audience, and show
confidence in products. The perfect
example for this kind of organization is
Apple. They have branded themselves
as a company providing high quality
gadgets. They focus on quality and
improvements of the features and are
one of the highest selling brands while
maintaining higher prices as compared
with similar products by other brands.
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 49. If you are assigned to work on a tropical deforestation and its associated
study on climate change, what study global warming emissions
will you choose to focus on and why?
51,52. The environment we are living
O. Climate Change, Global You can discuss on one of the topics in is in danger due to various problems
Warming, below and elaborate them: Loss of such as climate change. Who do you
Environmental Biodiversity-Each species has a role in think should be responsible to solve it?
our planet, and when one dies out, it can Is it the governments, organisations or
have catastrophic effects on the rest of us. individuals?
49. You need to study climate change. Currently, many other animals are in
Which aspect of climate change danger of becoming extinct, either from No one can deny that the planet we live in
will you choose and why? Use being forced out of their habitats by man is at serious threat. Increasing number of
examples. or by climate change. Study of change in natural calamities like Tsunami,
rainfall patterns: Effect on urban earthquakes, floods and hurricanes have
50. Write about Climate change? Who lifestyle- big cities- roads-engineering given us repeated warning signals. This
is responsible whether effects on rural communities: essay will outline few causes and
Government or industries? Why agriculture- crop plantation and measures that must be implemented by
harvesting- avoiding damage from the responsible parties.
51. Roles of governments, companies rain. Study on the causes of global
and individuals to combat climate warming: like effect of fossil fuel Organisations: They have the money
change consumption, effect of deforestation, and human resources qualified to
OR increase in sea level due to global advocate for the change. Big
warming corporations can switch to eco-friendly
52. The environment we live in is in
production methods.
danger due to various problems.
What are the underlying causes?
Individuals: Individuals should be
Who is responsible to combat this?
What measures? responsible because, after all, they are
50. Climate Change/Global Warming the ones who elect governments,
consume products, and make

• Environment But what really is the proper role for organisations. If every person feels the
individuals and institutions in addressing moral obligation to protect the

climate change? An immediate and environment, the issue will be instantly
• Deforestation- Deforestation is a
natural response may be that everyone solved. They can force the government to
rapidly-growing problem in areas like
should do their part be serious about the environment by
Africa, Central and South America. Not
using the power of ballot, and force
only does this mean less trees, less
Decisions affecting carbon dioxide (CO2) organisations to change their methods by
cleansing oxygen, and the
emissions, for example, are made boycotting the ones who are careless
displacement of the wildlife,
primarily by companies and consumers. about the environment.
deforestation means a dangerous
decrease in a natural fighter of global This includes decisions by companies
about how to produce electricity, as well Governments: They should take the
warming –
as thousands of other goods and services; initiative to bring about the much

and decisions by consumers regarding necessary change as they are the ones
• Pollution-Pollution comes in many
what to buy, how to transport themselves, who can change laws and force
forms and no matter where you live. individuals and organisations to become
The main reason for why pollution has and how to keep their homes warm, cool,
and light. compliant.
gotten so out of control is that our
desire for more “stuff” has led to our
In order to effectively address global
old stuff being thrown away at an
alarming and unnecessary rate. This warming, we must significantly reduce
the amount of heat-trapping emissions
need for manufactured items also
leads to the air and water pollution we are putting into the atmosphere. As
individuals, we can help by taking action
emitted from factories, which in many
countries are highly unregulated. to reduce our personal carbon emissions.
But to fully address the threat of global

• Loss of Biodiversity-Each species has a warming, we must demand action from
our elected leaders to support and
role in our planet, and when one dies
out, it can have catastrophic effects on implement a comprehensive set of
climate solutions:
the rest of us. Currently, many other
animals are in danger of becoming
Expand the use of renewable energy
extinct, either from being forced out of
their habitats by man or by climate and transform our energy system to a
cleaner onePlace limits on the amount
change.
of carbon that polluters are allowed to
emit.

Build a clean energy economy by

investing in efficient energy technologies,
industries, and approaches. Reduce

P. Government, Country,
Politics, Democracy ,
decision, Law , Rights
53. Do you think that it is better for
governments to spend a huge
amount of money in activities like
space exploration when there any
so many crucial problems in our
society where that money could be
spent?
54. The claim that animals have
“rights” has been the subject of
much debate since the 1970s. Are
zoos helping or hurting our
aniamls? Should zoos be banned?
Do you agree or disagree?
55. "In some countries around the
world, voting is compulsory. Do
you agree with the notion of
compulsory voting?
56. If Voting is compulsory in
democratic society, what
conclusions can we draw about
‘Nature of democracy?
57. In some countries around the
world, voting is compulsory. Do
you agree with the notion of
compulsory voting? If voting is
compulsory in a democratic society,
what are some conclusions we can
draw about the nature of
democracy?
58. Tobacco, mainly in the form of
cigarettes, is one of the most widely destruction is also a serious issue, but it is ecosystem were rescued and taken care of
used drugs in the world. over a
billion adults legally smoke
tobacco every day. The long term
health costs are high- for smokers
themselves, and for the wider
community in terms of health care
costs and lost productivity .Do
governments have a legitimate role
to legislate to protect citizens from
the harmful effects of their own
decisions to smoke, or are such
decisions up to the individual? To
what extent you agree ?
53. Do you think that it is better for 54. The claim that animals have
governments to spend a huge amount “rights” has been the subject of much
of money in activities like space debate since the 1970s. Are zoos
exploration when there any so many helping or hurting our animals? Should
crucial problems in our society where zoos be banned? Do you agree or
that money could be spent? disagree?
In the recent times veganism and animal
rights are making headlines. With the
Taking care of the current problems is advancement of technology many shocking
the first priority. If we are not happy videos have been coming out on animal
now, there is no point of thinking of the cruelty and many are becoming aware of
future and spending everything we have animal rights. In this essay we will advocate
on uncertain things. Rather than looking for banning of zoos as there are alternate
for alternatives of the earth, we should ways to see the animals.
look at ways to protect it by saving the
environment, becoming eco-friendlier. It been taught in schools that man
originated from monkeys, so why cage our
Most of the technologies we take for ancestors? Zoos are mostly
granted today were originated thanks commercialized and rob animals from
to space research. Take satellite their right of living in natural habitat.
technology, for example, which we Many are having to spend their entire life in
depend on for broadcasting and weather a cage just because some more powerful
forecasting. Without satellites, we would species like humans can watch them and
not be able to follow global events as they experiment on them. Secondly there are
happen, nor give populations any warning alternate ways to see them in their natural
of approaching storms. Space research habitat. For example, African safaris take
has also led to the development of new have safe vehicles which go into jungles
lightweight materials that offer us heat and forests and get to see these animals
protection and enable food preservation. and sometimes feed them as well. In this
Therefore, the challenge of sending way humans get to travel as well as watch
human beings into space has often driven them without hurting them.
the development of new technologies that
benefit our everyday lives. In conclusion, we should live in harmony
with nature and other living entities. Just
Secondly, we cannot foresee the distant because we have more intelligence and
future, so we ought to develop the have ability to capture and control them
capability to escape from the earth. does not make us superior.
Gradually, we are learning how humans
can survive for long periods in space and Zoos played an important role in
even travel to other planets in the future. rehabilitating near extinction animals. Due
If space exploration is halted, this to increasing population and deforestation
valuable knowledge will never be to make rooms for the human being, Many
acquired. It is true that environmental wild animals who lost their natural
also true that we remain dependent on In the zoos. This provides them an
our environment if we never accept the opportunity to live as well as breed. This
challenge of exploring other worlds. successful program has ensured the human
generation will be able to admire the
In conclusion, while we undoubtedly face animals in without having to learn them
serious problems on our own planet, it is only from the books and pictures.
imperative that we continue to explore
space. This will promote further Panda has played an important role for
technological advances as well as provide China to alliance with other countries. It
a possible means of escape should earth promotes further research and studies the
become uninhabitable in future. Ideally, opportunities for pandas to survive outside
all nations should cooperate in the of its natural habitat.
advancement of space research.
However, zoos have been commercialised
in recent days. Many animals are forced
captive by the human being in order to
display them in the zoo to attract visitors.
In some case, a conspicuous example is
animals being abused in captivity. More
often or not they will suffer from
depression and will lead to some disastrous
consequences. Animal cruelty is prevalent
in recent days.
 55, 56,57. In some countries around 58. "Tobacco, mainly in the form of
the world, voting is compulsory. Do cigarettes is one of the most widely
you agree with the notion of used drugs in the world. Over a billion
compulsory voting? If Voting is adults legally smoke tobacco every
compulsory in democratic society, day. The long term health costs are
what conclusions can we draw about high- for the smokers themselves, and
‘Nature of democracy?’ for the wider community in terms of
health care costs and lost productivity.

Compulsory voting in a democratic Do Governments have a legitimate role to
society is undeniably a controversial protect citizens from the harmful effects
topic as it raises a question: how of their own decisions to smoke, or are
democratic a nation will be with or such decisions up to an individual?
without compulsory voting. This system
has many benefits to the nation, if it is Tobacco is one of the most widely-used
implemented in a right manner. In this drugs of the world. Over a billion adults
essay we will discuss the nature of legally smoke tobacco every day. Tobacco
democracy with few examples of is slowly taking a billion people in the
compulsory voting. world towards doom. The long term
health costs are high for smokers, who
suffer from various heart and lung
Democracy is also known as republic, diseases, reduced concentration and
is a governing system where the continually diminishing immunity.
citizens of the country vote to one of Governments should always be
the several parties competing for the responsible to protect their people from
President’s position. If only 30% of the these ill effects of smoking.
people vote then outcome of the election
will be unfair, as those who did not vote
may not like the party that won the Non-smokers, accompanying smokers or
election. For instance, In America, Bill those who are in their close vicinity, also
Clinton won when mere 34% of the total become “Passive” smokers and bear the
population voted. Similarly, in India on an toll of various inevitable diseases as they
average only 50 to 55% of the people vote inhale the smoke which has an ill-effect
and rest have to accept the rules drafted on their respiratory systems. Thus, the
by the unwanted members of the health costs are high—for smokers
parliament. themselves, and for wider community in
terms of health care costs and lost
productivity. There has been awareness
Turning to the compulsory voting, in among people from many years, about the
Australia voting is compulsory since ill-effects of smoking and various
last 80 years. Almost 90% of public campaigns run by the government, NGOs
participate and there is a little fine for and local bodies to encourage people to
those who don’t participate. Moreover, quit smoking. The solution is to nip the
in South American nations like Peru and problem in the bud. School authorities
Bolivia there are harsh punitive action and parents should keep a close eye so
against those who don’t vote. For that children don’t start to smoke because
example, Non Voters are barred from they think it is “cool”. They should be
accessing their own bank accounts for made aware about the harmful effects of
up to 3 months. This is the reason there smoking.
are some people who are against
compulsory voting.
Government could play a vital role too.
Smoking should not be high-hand in
In a nutshell it can be said that advertisements and movie commercials
compulsory voting is an imperative step which have a huge impact on people. It
in a democratic society, however its could levy high taxes on tobacco products
implication in a friendly manner is of vital to keep people away from its reach. Rules
importance. So compulsory voting is for checking children buying such
mandatory for a democracy to be a products should be made
democracy. stringent.
To conclude with, the solution requires
the legitimate action of Government
which encourages individual decisions to
eliminate the problem.

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Q. Tourism
59. In under developed countries,
tourism has disadvantages and can
be said the opposite as well.
60. Some people prefer to spend their
holidays in resorts where
everything is organized for them
and they take little interest in the
country they are visiting. Others
prefer to travel around the country
and to see how the people live, to
get to know their customs and
traditions and cuisine.
Write an essay on which type of
foreign travel you think is best for
both the tourist and the local
community.
The development in rural areas in accommodate visitors. Moreover, effort but would surely be worth the
underdeveloped countries can be tourism is a "green" industry that, while in most of the cases.
attributed to tourism. unlike factories, generates a low level On the other hand, looking at it from the
59. In under developed countries, 60. Tourism, a medium to bridge
tourism has both advantages and communicational gaps among countries,
disadvantages. Discuss. not only provides as a medium to
exchange culture but also accounts for
Ideas: In recent decades, low cost airfare one of the major sources of income for
has made international travel easier many countries. I personally feel that if
and many countries have, therefore, tourists travel around the country and see
developed their tourism industries into how people live and have experiences of
key sectors of their economies. While it is new customs and cuisines, it would be
clear tourism brings obvious benefits to highly beneficial for the tourist as well as
the countries that host tourists, it is also the local community.
true to say it may bring disadvantages as
well. This issue can be looked at from two
Undoubtedly, there are significant point of views. From the point of view of
benefits that tourism brings to a the tourist, in the large pre-managed
country. First, a thriving tourist resort travel they may or may not get
industry implies an increasing need authentic local experience. There could
for a variety of services such as hotels, be cultural shows that would be
transport, restaurants, and organized to provide information about
entertainment. This results in a the local community but like they say, a
considerable number of jobs being copy is never as good as the original.
created for people who lack a college Moreover, it would also be cheaper for
education and also the development of the tourist to organize the trip
the infrastructure needed to themselves. It could take a little more
of pollution. In fact, because beautiful local community’s point of view, it
natural landscapes are often places that would be highly beneficial for them if
tourists come to see, a country will often the tourist came to their places and
be sure to maintain the landscape in spent their time in the community
order to keep it attractive for tourists. itself. Local cuisine would be
advertised along with local culture
Despite the benefits, there are aspects of being spread around the world. The
tourism that may prove harmful to a tourist would also get to know the history
country. For instance, a country may of the place from the authentic local
suffer from the loss of their traditional people. Also, the local people would
culture. This is caused by people in a also be aware of different cultures in
country changing their lifestyle, other parts of the world, making them
customs, and language in order to more more aware of the diverse cultures
effectively serve visitors or because they across the globe.
become influenced by foreign countries.
This can cause stress in a traditional To sum it up, if the tourist goes to the
society and could even lead to animosity local community to enjoy their time
towards tourists. In addition, because rather than the pre managed resorts
tourists often carry expensive objects like while travelling, it would be beneficial
cameras and are unaware of their economically, socially and culturally for
surroundings, they make good targets for both, the tourist and the local
theft. Crime also increases as a result of community.`
the increases in drugs and prostitution
that caters to some vacationers.
In summary, global tourism is greatly
beneficial to an economy and
environment of a country. However, it can
be detrimental in several ways. To my
way of thinking, a country should seek to
develop its tourism industry because it
can bring steady jobs to many people
without their need for higher education
and without the risk of environmental
damages.
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R. Abstract Ideology, &
Discussion
61. A recent trend in the
entertainment world is to adapt
classic works of literature for
either TV or the movies. One
argument is that this is to
everyone's benefit, as it introduces
people to works they
might otherwise never have
experienced, while others say that
turning books into movies not only
cheapens the original, but is rarely
done successfully.In your opinion,
do works of literature translate
effectively to the screen?
62. It has recently been suggested that
the classical, or "dead", languages
Latin and Greek should be re-
introduced into the school
curriculum. Those that oppose the
idea claim that the ancient
languages are of no practical use
and no help in getting a job. Those
in favor of the idea say that
education is more about training
the mind than preparing for a
career.Which of these points of
view do you most agree with?
63. “In a war of ideas, it is people who
get killed”. Does a common man
suffer from a group’s ideology?
Express your opinion, and support
the same with reasons and
examples.
63. “In a war of ideas, it is people who and takes places by real conflicts. As
get killed”. Does a common man suffer different view of thinking people creates
from a group’s ideology? Express your problems in life hence it conspicuous that
opinion, and support the same with people get killed each other and suffer
reasons and examples. from group’s ideology.
Throughout history, the thinking of a Fighting the war of ideas
group of people is impacting the lives of
thousands of civilians. Whether it is Islam and the West are not engaged in a
considered on a political or social level, a clash of civilizations -- at least not yet. But
set of decisions of a group explains how a the West is being drawn into the clash of
society should work. It is completely two competing ideologies within the
agreed that in the conflict of interest Islamic world. Proponents of the first
between different countries or different believe that Islam is compatible with
groups within same country, it is the secular democracy and basic civil
innocent people who sacrifice their lives. liberties. Proponents of the second are
To begin with, if ones have different ideas committed to replacing the current world
and beliefs than others, it may result in order with a new caliphate -- that is, a
clashes or conflicts. The situation global Islamic state. They are the ones
becomes more problematic and who seek to trigger a true clash of
dangerous when this is between two civilizations, partly in order to force the
larger groups rather than individuals; it more moderate Muslims to choose their
refers to as a war of ideas. People often interpretation of Islam.
identify themselves with different groups
based on political, religious, racial,
philosophical ideas. During World War II,
a group of countries namely US, UK and
China united and attacked Japan with
explosive atomic bombs destroying the
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing
more than one lakh civilians. This is a
clear example of the decision laid by a few
countries against Japan to surrender to its
Allies. Though, these countries achieved
victory in their mission but Japanese
people are still suffering from the
radioactive radiation effect which
resulted in blindness and mental
disorders. Thus, we can say that political
ideologies of a group can drastically harm
society.
The group with which one identifies
oneself is considered as “us” and the
group or a person with whom one does
not identify oneself is considered as
“them”. Often group’s ideology can create
“Us vs. Them” mentality towards people
who may be different in some way,
whether its race, gender, age, nationality,
class, religion and culture and socio
economic status. Another example of
September 11 attacks on US by a group of
19 militants, associated with Islamic
extremist group, hijacked four airplanes
and killed around 3,000 people by
colliding airplanes into symbolic US
landmark. This example clearly shows
how the decision and planning of these
terrorist activists took lives of thousands
of innocent people.
To conclude with, we can say that it is
common man who is suffering from the
social, economic and political interests of
a few people. Moreover, due to war of
ideas people divided in the groups which
viewing each other like evils. The critical
position develops to imaginary threats