Pa APPLICATION WATER PIPING Form 1505, 25-ADTABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL, Se DEFINITIONS ABBREVIATIONS . CONVERSION VALUES WATER PIPING CLASSIFICATION PIPE SIZING DESIGN LIMITATIONS STANDARD SCHEDULE 40 PIPE. 2. 1. SEAMLESS COPPER TUBING - VELOCITY & PRESSURE DROP OF PIPE VELOCITY & PRESSURE DROP OF COPPER TUBING RESISTANCE OF VALVES AND FITTINGS RESISTANCE OF SMOOTH COPPER TUBING RESISTANCE OF FAIRLY SMOOTH PIPE. RESISTANCE OF FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE . RESISTANCE OF ROUGH PIPE WATER PIPING FOR COOLING TOWER SYSTEM WATER PIPING FOR CLOSED RE-CIRCULATION SYSTEM 20 10 RGENERAL Water lines should be selected for optimum size with respect to) Initial Cost Operaticn and Maintenance Cost Water Velocity Pressure Drop It is desirable to have line sizes as small as possi ble from the standpoint of low initial cost. How- ever, small pipe sizes produce high water velocity and pressure drop, High water velocity may re- sult in noise problems as well as rapid erosion and early failure of the pips High pressure drop will increase pump operating cost and may require a larger size pump. DEFINITIONS 1 APPROACH ~ Is the difference in degrees F. between the temperature of the water Ieaving the tower basin and the wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling BLEED-OFF ~ Is the wasting to the drain of @ small part of the circulating water to control the buildup and concentration of scale forming chemicals in the water. COOLING RANGE ~ Is the number of Segrees F. which the water is cooled while passing through the cooling tower, It is the difference in temperature of the water entezing the cooling tower and the water leaving the tower basin. DRIFT ~ Is the amount of water lost in the form of droplets which ig carried awey by the circulating air. Drift is completely independent of evaporation loss EQUIVALENT FEET - Any component in a water piping system creates friction loss (Pressure Drop). Tests have estab- Lshed the rate of friction loss in terms of length of straight pipe. For example, an elbow with @ rating of 5 equivalent fect has the same friction loss as 5 feet of straight pipe. MAKE-UP ~ Is the water required to be added to the eysiem to replace that which has been lost due to evaporation, drift, bleed-off oF leakage ABBREVIATIONS FPS = Feet Per Second, Velocity GPM — = Gallons Per Minute, Flow Rate PSI = Pounds Per Square Inch, Pressure EO.FT. Equivalent Feet CONVERSION VALUES Pressure érop may be given in ject of water or pounds per equare inch. To 2, 3. (a) Pounds per square inch to feet of water multiply by 2.31. (o) Feet of water to pounds per square inch multiply by / 434. 1 cubic foot of water 7.48 Gallons = 62.4 Pounds I gallon of water = 8.34 Pounds = 0,133 Cubie Feet WATER PIPING CLASSIFICATION There are two primazy clatsifications of water piping systems A Systems An Open, Open eve Once through type where water flows from a reservoir through piping to the equipment and is relieved to a different Re-circulation type where water flows from a reservoir through piping to the equipment and is returned to the original reservoir for reveircalation, are further classified as Open ~ when water ie brought in close contact with air in the reservoir Closed ~ when water does not come in close contact with air in the reservoir. Expansion Tank does net constitute an ie a6 the water contact with the air is very limited. EXAMPLES: 1 All pipin, atmospheric pressure is exe the water. Open once through type: (a) City water system. (b) Water cooled condenser of air con- ditioner with regulating value is. charging water fo drain, Open re-cizeulation type: (a) Water cooled condenser of air con= ditioner operated with cooling tower. Closed re-circulation type: (a) Water chiller with coil heat exchanger for cooling and de-humifying the aff (0) Hot water boiler with coil heat ex- changer for heating the air. 1B systems have at least one point where fod on the surface of ‘This is the reference point for deter mination of hydrostatic lift imposed on the pump. ‘The hydrostatic lift is the vertical distance in fest between the water level on the suction side of the pomp and the highest water level on the discharge Bide of the pump.In an open system, the suction reservoir may be ata different elevation than the discharge reser~ voir. The pump must overcome the frictional losses of the system, plus the hydrostatic Lit, or the difference in elevation between the two reservoirs. Refer to FIG. 1. Ina closed system a pamp must overcome only the frictional resistance of the system. The dis- charge reservoir is also the suction reservoir so there is no difference in elevation and consequently no hydrostatic lift for the pump to overcome. See FIG. 2. PIPE SIZING ‘The design of a piping system is limited by: Maximum velocity permissible which is ‘established by: (a) Noise generated by water flowing through piping. (0) Erosion of piping by water and en- treined sand, air and other foreign particles 2. Friction loss: (a) Once through systems must be sized te provide the required flow at = ssure loss within the pressure Available after all other losses (Con- Genser Pressure Drop, Hydrostatic and Line, Valve and Fitting Losses) have been deducted, piscHarGe RESERVOIR JAtMosPHenic| ATMOSPHERIC] yyoROSTATIC urr _ COOLING TOWER, FIG. 1— Hydrostatic Litt (b) Re-circulating pump systems are sized to provide a reasonable balance between increased pumping horse= power due to high friction loss and increased piping first cost due t larger pipe tizes. DESIGN LIMITATIONS: Velocity — between 3 and 10 feet per second. 2. Friction Loss = maximum 20 feet per 100 feet equivalent length. ‘The eystem ghould be laid out with valves, fittings, Jength of runs and water quantities shown for all mains and branches. The size of the mains should be determined first and tabulated as shown in Table 6. The pressure chould be indicated at the points in the system where branch runouts are taken. It will then be possible to determine the available pressure drop across each unit being fed from the main system so that pipe, valves and fitting sizes may be determined. In this way, it may be possible to use smaller eizes of branch Funouts than would nozmally be considered good practice. All available pressure érop should be used in the branch to require a minimum of adjust- ment to equalize pressures and volume of flew. Each pipe size selection should inelude a compari- son between the initial installation cost and the operation and maintenance cost. Good engineering practice may permit the selection of more than one size for a given rate of flow. a ae PLATE TYPE HEAT —sTI FIG, 2— Closed water SystemTABLE 1— STANDARD SCHEDULE 40 PIPE Grose-Sectionat = Nominal External Internal Internal Area Volume Size Diameter Diameter Inches Toehes aches Sq. ta, Sa, Fhe Gallon Per j nt) Fe) Foot Length Ve 0.840 0.622 0.304 9.00211 10158 aa 1050 oles 01533 9,00370 0277 ? usis 1049 01864 0, 0060 Jaa 1/4 1.660 11380 1150 00205 o777 nie 100 tee zoe olo1s2 f0s8 2 2375 21067 3136 010233 hita nin 2875 21469 a9 010333 ‘aa9 3 31500 31088 73 0.0513 aes e1/2 +5000 31548 989 0.0606 isla 4 4.500 4.026 12:7 0.0883 261% 5 51563 5.047 2010 01139 108 ‘ 6625 6.065. 2819 012005 1150 TABLE 2— SEAMLESS COPPER TUBING Cross-Sectional Volume Size Nominal External Internal ‘Thickness Earmal dies. inches | Pipe Size | Diameter | Type | Diameter | of Metal en OD. | ‘inches | “inches inches | “Inches | sq. an. | Sq. pe. | OMSR? Ge | ea | LES 38 ve 1395 « 3.308 0, 035 0.073 | ,000507 |. 00379 L 0.518 0030 1078 | !o00ss0 | ‘ooaoa we 3/8 500 x | oaoe 0. 089 0.127 | -co0se2 |. 00860 z | oato 0.035 orgs | Loo10r 0753 5/8 We 1625 K 0.527 0.049 0.218 | .0011 | .o1s S E | oss 0.040 0.233 | loose | fo121 aa 3/8 750 K 0.652 0, 049 0.333 | , 00232 oir L__|_ ose 0,042 o3e8 | looese ota ve 3/4 875 x | ors 0, 065 0.436 | . 00302 0227 a 0.085 ol4es | ‘00336 0280 rie 1 1s «| 0.995 0. 065 0.778 | 00580 |. 040s L 1,025 0.050 01825 | ‘oos73 O42 rave | va Tavs x 1285 0. 088 Laz | 0087 634 L 1.263 0.058 136 | loos7s 0655 rae | inive 165 © 1481 0.072 Li | 019 0894 > L 1505 0.060, Ure | Sone 0925 ze 2 215 ® 959 0.083) 301 | .0209 157 L 2985 0! 070 sito | Sean aie 25/6 | ease 2.625 « 2.435 0. 095 4.66 242 Ez a6s 0.080 ant 2 18 3 31s K 2.907 0. 109 6.64 av c | Faas 0.090 a 354 x58 | sue 3.625 K 3.385 0. 120 300 | 0624 488 L 33s 0: 100, si2t | Losao ras ze z eas * 3857 aise fina cele 7607 3 31908 oie fate O34 623 5-1/8 3 5.15 «| aos o10 [isa 126 -940 2 E | tes ois | 18:7 Go ion 1/8 ¢ 6.185 E Sal 0.192 ‘25.9 179 13s c | sas oo fee 188 139TABLE 3— VELOCITY (FPS) & PRESSURE DROP (Ft, of Water Per 100 Ft.) OF FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE Nominal Pipe Diameter, Inches eva 1 asa 3/2 Pres. v Drop Drop Drop Drop | Y* | prop Fi, Fe Fe Fr Fe Fe s Water water | FPS | water] FPS | water | FPS [water || FPS | worse Pres, Drop ope | ver. Vel. FPS 15, sale | 2. sre | 2 go | 3, 7 1 Bal nis | 2. ass | 4. 46.2 5! 6 8 1 B 100 +—— Nominal Pi opm | ver. ipe Diameter, Inches 72 2 Pres, Pres, Pres, el vel. el. Drop "| prep |e! | peop’ |] ¥ | drop Yee | os Fe Fe Fe Fh Water water | FPS | waver | FPS | water Water || FPS 9 Vel. FPS wpe so | 3. 60 | 4 70 | 4, go | 5. 90 | 6. o. 3 100 150 |i 200 |1 250 300 400 300 600 700 800 900 2000 1500TABLE 4— VELOCITY (FPS) & PRESSURE DROP (Ft, of Water per 100 Ft.) OF TYPE L SMOOTH COPPER TUBING ‘Seamless Tubing O,D, Inches 5/8 7/8 11/8 1-3/8 15/8 21/8 Press Pres, Pres, Pres. Drop | Yel | Drop| Ye | beset] ve | Bre ven. Fi Ft Ft Fi || Ft Fie Water || FPS | water] FPS | wares || PPS | water | FPS | water | FPS | woese 2.8 83 164 fz. az] 2, 3e2 ff 3. é 3. Pres.[ ya) | Bree cpm } vel, Drop] rep 4 5 3.9] 67 5.9 | 134 20 78 | 2107 97 ur 3 sza |} 6 i 44.0 |] 717] tee 2 | 2708 2, 30 1 100 1 Seamless Tubing 0, D. Inches is sie 51/8 E Pres, Pres, prop | ¥** | prop 178 y, Pres va, | Prem Pres, cpm [ver ver. | Bree as FE, Fi Fe Fi Water Water || F?5 | water | FPS | water vel. FPS 30 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 %. 20 1 300 400 500, 600 1 700 1 00 1 900 1000 1500TABLE 5— RESISTANCE OF VALVES AND FITTINGS, EQUIVALENT LENGTH STRAIGHT PIPE IN FEET Tray sweep case | ciove stencera steneara [SEES | stanaare wominat vake | Waive | fale | Stve [Saat] Sabre | 9 eibow” | siandace sn Full Open [rul'Open | rutf'Ozen [all pen | slow | eitow [mittee | stat Gu aes ee A a & O)ele lal & Teas 7 a [ee i ae va | oon | | a fon ss pe [20 he 43 1 pea [oe re [a3 [es ze Bs rie [io ops va | ne | 3s Be zs CC TC ee xe ne [ee ie a as [ee 2.1/2 2.469 Lt 65 a 17.0 3.0 6.5 4.0 14.0 3 3 [ee [oar CC TC 30 | ane ie | ae0 [0 |] sae Pa 0 | a0 [ems es ae Pe Pa a a EC xo | 20 aces Tas se ea oe ae jae) 33.8 Leow ee. ter TOTSL stim (eden + 25% easy AMF +9 OU for City THe QO S Wht 1s Tyvek LHe ones E See whe ew sven 12 ~ HOS ts Uelocry anf FLOW GALLOWS PER MINUTE Kssue 2 PRESSURE onOF (psi PER 100 LIN. FT.) NOTE: DIAMETERS AME EXPRESSED AS NOMINAL’ pipe size REPRODUCED By PERMISSION OF HEATING AND VENTILATING FROM SATA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, COPYRIGHT 1965 BY THE INDUSTAIAL oReES FIG. 3— Resistance to Flow of Water Through Smooth Copper TubingFLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE | j PRESSURE DROP (PS! FER 100 LIN, FT.) . REPRODUCED SY PERMISSION OF HEATING AND VENTILATING FROM DATA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU UF STANDARDS, COPYRIGHT 1965 BY THE INDUSTRIAL PRESS FIG. 4— Resistance to Flow of Water Through Fairly Smooth Pipe FLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE 100 SURE DROP (PSI PER 100 LIN, FT.) a REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF HEATING AND VENTILATING FROM DATA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, COPYRIGHT 1965 BY THE INOUSTRIAL PRESS FIG. 5— Resistance to Flow of Water Through Fairly Rough Pipe 9FLOW GALLONS PER MINUTE PRESSURE DROP (PSI PER 100 LIN, FT.) REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF HEATING AND VEKTILATING FROM DATA OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, COPYRIGHT 1965 BY THE INDUSTRIAL PRESS. NIG. 6— Resistance to Flow of Water Through Rough Pipe r else Pere 100! tht FTE ther IS Coe Eirrine'a WATER PIPING FOR COOLING TOWER SYSTEM 4. 5 Fe, hydrostatic lift of tower. ‘To solect the proper water piping for « cooling 5. 6 standare 90° elbows tower ayster, the following information suet be 3 fate valves svallable 1 Eandnrd tee thru side outlet 1 Stancard tec straight tira 1. Gallons of water per minute to be eir= Slate 8. Schedule 40 Pipe (Assume to have “Fairly Rough" interior surface) 2. Total length of piping. 3. Presoure drop across condenser (this varies widely and must be obtained from Solutio: equipment manufacturer). Make preliminary selection of 1-1/2" standard 4, Hydrostatic lift of tower. schedule 40 pipe ac Table 3 gives 5.6 feet per second velocity at flow rate of 30 GPM. 5. Number of valves, fittings and any other resistances in piping system. 80 feet of 1-1/2" standard pipe = 80.0 6 standard 90° elbows @4.5 Ft. (Table 5) = 27.0 6. Type of pipe used (Copper Tubing or Iron 2 gate valves @.9 Ft. (Table 5) Le Pipe). 1 standard teo side outlet @ 7.5 (Table 5) = 7.5 1 standard tee straight thru @ 3. 0(Table 5) =_3.0 Sample Selection: (Refer to Fig. 7) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FEET TI3.3 1, 30 GPM of water to be circulated, From Table 3 the pressure drop for 30 GPM of water flowing thru l-1/2" standard pipe is 13.4 2. 80 Ft, of total piping. feet per 100 fect of pipe. 5ah.ce, isa 3. 11.4 PSI pressure drop across condenser 13.4 Ft. of water x 119.3 EO.FT. | 16.0 Ft. at 30GPM. STOO Linear Ft. of water Rp kt acer * i oe 10 eau ( oO Jspaine eLeep-orr Loaney Pressure Sona meueeer So PASS VALVE, ume concironer: COBEN ER alveswan FIG. 7— Typical Water Cooling Tower Arrangement WATER cooLine TOWER overrLow TO ORAIN ves Total length of piping ~ 80 Ft, Design water flow ~ 30 GPM Pressure drop across condenser @ 30 GPM = ila Pst Hydrostatic lift across tower = 5 FL 6 standard 90° elbows 2 Gates valves 1 standard tee thru side outlet 1 standard tee straight thru Pressure érop due to pipe and fittings = 16.0 Fe Prescure érop due to cond. (11.4 pet x 2.31 Fe. /psi = 26.3 Fr, Pressure drop due to hydrostatic list TOTAL Head for selection of pump 5.0 Fe War Select « pump to circulate 30 GPM of water oper- ating against a total head of 48 fect, ‘The 1-1/2" pipe is satisfactory since the velocity and friction loss are within recommended limits Ifa 2" pipe had been selected, the water velocity and friction loss would be less with corresponding lower pump horsepower requirement but with greater initial cost due to the larger size pipes, valves and fittings. (Would require « pump capa ble of circulating 30 GPM of water operating against a total head of 36 feet] Ifa 1-1/4" pipe had been selected, the water velocity and friction loss would be greater with corresponding higher pump horsepawer require- ment but with lower initial cost due to the smaller size pipes, valves and fittings. (Would require a pump capable of cizculating 30 GPM of water Operating against a total head of 69 feet) Ie is quite probable that the total operating head pres- sure difference between 48 feet with 1-1/2" pipe and 69 feet with 1-1/4" pipe would require a lerger pump motor. Refer to Table 7 which is a typical pump selection table. Using the above figures, 30 GPM of water with a 48 foot head would require @ model 1/2P100 pump but with a 69 foot head, a model 1P100 pump ie required, ‘This indicates the seme size pump would be used but mated with a larger motor. ory PREVAILING WINDS Locate tower so prevailing winds are in same direction as tower dlacharge air. A strong wind blowing into the tower discharge can greatly re- duce air flow theu the tower. COOLING TOWER PUMP Locate pump go that it discharges to the condenser, To assure pump priming, the suction level to the pump must be lower than the water level in the tower basin, VALVES Install service or shutoff valves where needed to perform maintenance or service, Should be gete type to minimize pressure drop penalty on system. Balancing valves should be installed to regulate the flow of water in the system, Required where the pressure from pump or main is sufficient to cause excessive flow. Recommend globe valve or square- head plug cock which provides pressure loss in proportion to valve opening. Gheck valves are used to prevent reversal of flow during the off cycle. Swing check valves recom mended, WATER REGULATING VALVE A water regulating valve normally is not needed with a cooling tower but may be used when it is Gesivable to maintain close control of the con=densing pressure. When used, the pressure drop across the valve must be included when calculating the system pressure drop. hen a water regulating valve is included, a spring loaded pressure relief bypars valve must be inctalled between the pamp discharge tnd the inlet to the tower (See Fig. 7). This maintains a constant head on the pump as the water regulating valve opens and closes, BLEED-OFF Bleed-off is absolutely necessary to control the concentration of seale forming minerals in the water system unless make-up water treatment is able to eliminate the need. The bleed-off line should be installed in the hot water line near the top of the tower, This will permit bleed-off only when the pump is operating. A valve or controller should be installed in the bieed-otf line to regulate the amount of flow. The Line should be routed to a drain or to tower over flow pipe. ‘The amount of bleed-off required depends upon the cooling range, rate of water clrevlation and the local water conditions. It is imposeible to pro- vide a specific bleed-off rate due to the variables involved. A suggested bleed-of! rate for 10" to 15: cooling range is 1/2 percent of circulation rate (005 x GPM circulated) WATER PIPING FOR CLOSED RE-CIRCULATION “STEM 4 select the proper water piping for a closed re- circulation eystem, the following information must be available 1, Total gallone per minute of water to be cireulsted ax well as gallone per minute te be cireulated in each branch rune 2. Layout of system showing lengths of all runs with location of units, valves and fictings. 3. Pressure drop across condensers and hheat exchanger (this varies widely ane must be obtained from equipment manu facturer). 4. Type of pipe to be used, Sample Selection: (Refer to Fig. 8) 1. 60 GPM total water to be circulated. 2, Length of rune with unite, valves and fitting as shown in Fig. & 3. Pressure Drop. (a) 11,3 feet of water each unit con- denser at 10. GPM flow zate. (b) 15.0 feet of water for plate type heat exchange? at 60 GPM flow rate 4. Schedule 40 pipe (assume to have "fairly rough" interior surface). 12 Solution: (Refer to Fig. 8) 1 Select pipe sizes for most remote run which will determine pressure drop of system. In this example, circuit aeeegehekeL For fairly rough pipe, the velocity and Pressure drop may be obtained from. Table 3. For copper tubing or other roughness of pipe, refer to Fig. 3 thru 6, {e) Run (a-b) 60 GPM: try 2" pipe as this gives a velocity of 6.2 FPS which te SAthin recommended limits. Length of pipe 3.0 T gate valve (Table 5) 2p 29-FT. TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT = 3-2 From Table 3, at 60 GPM with 2" pipe, the pressure drop is 12, 0 feet of water per 100 feet of length, 5 Ft of water 12.0 Ft. of water x 4.2 EQ. FT, 100 Linear FY Record this and following calculations in tabulation form as Ulustrated in Table 6. (b) Run (b-c)at 60 GPM flow rate, pres- Sure drop is 15.0 feet of water for plate type heat exchanger av given as Gata in ample selection sectio: (c) Run (c-€)60 GPM: use 2” pipe as selected for run (ab). = 15.0 Lang fn 2S}eor 1 gate valve (Table 5) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT 12.0 Ft. of water x 16.2 EQ. FT 100 Linear Fr (a) Run (d-e) 30 GPM; Try 1-1/2" pipe as this gives a velocity of 5,6 FPS which is within recommended limits. Length of pipe 28.0 Std. tee thre run (Table 5)= 3,0 b EO. FT. Std. 90° elbow (Table 8) = _4.5 TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT = 35-3 Lo FL ofwater From Table 3, at 30 GPM with 1-1/2" pipe, the pressure crop is 13.4 feet of water per 100 feet of length. 13.4 Ft. of water x 35.5 EO. FT. Linear Fr 4a Ft ofwater fe) Run (e-f) 20 GPM; try 1-1/4" pipe as this gives a velocity of 5.4 FES which is within recommended limits Length of pipe = 8.0 Sta, tee thru sun (Table 5) >_21 } EO-FT. TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT = 10-5 From Table 3, at 20 GPM with 1-1/4" pipe, the pressure drop is 15.5 feet of Water per 100 feet of length.%y waren SARE ue EXPAN Sion fanwe | overruow \ocem oorm ae <7] _» mm] ol eS oor] el ge iT | ae te | ee ofa vo crm oem fuer Ke 8 ae bf ocnm rosem rr ee eee i ae ES a + |S . . PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER OR c 20" ” Hm T I 2a x a ae |e Pani FIG. 8— ‘Typical Closed Water Recirculation System 15.5 Ft. of water x 10,5 EQ.FT. _ 1.6 Ft. oor 1 From Table 3, at 10 GPM with 1" pipe the pressure drop is 11.8 fect of water per 100 feet of length. Length of pipe Lgate valve (Table 5) 5. 1 td, 90° elbow (Table 5) = 2 2 ° 6 5 6. T 13 11.8 Ft, ofwater x20. 1EQ.ET. _ 2.4 Ft STOO Linear FETC of water (g) Run (g-b) at 10 GPM flow rate, pres- Sure drop is 11.3 feet of water for unit condenser ae given as data in sample selection section, (h) Rum (b-i) 10 GPM; use 1” pipe ae selected for run (fg) Length of pipe EO. FT. Ygate valve (Table 5) 1 std. 90" elbow (Table 5) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT = T11.8 Ft. of water x 18,1 BO.ET. | 2.1 Fr, T00 Linear Ft ofwater (i) Run (4-))20 GPM; use 1-1/4" pipe as selected for run (ef) Length of pipe = 8.0) Tstd. tee thru run (Table 5) =_ 2.5 TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. = 10-5" EQ.FT. 15.5 Fi of water x 10.5 EQ.FT. _2.15t, 100 Linear Fe * ofwate: G) Run (-3) 30 GPM; use 1-1/2" pipe as Selected for (ene). Length of pipe = 28.0 Ystd. tee thra run (Table 5) = 3.0PEQ.FT. L std. 90° elbow (Table 5) = _4.5, TOTAL EQUIVALENT Fr, = 35-5 FT, _4.0F of water (k) Run (&-1)60 GPM; use 2" pipe as selected for run (c=d), Length of pipe Vsta. tee thre (Table 5) 1 gate valve (Table 5) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT, 12.0 Ft, of water x 16.7 100 Linear Fr FQ, .2.0Fn of water Determine total pressure drop of system by adding the pressure crop of the sec- tions making up the longest rin, Total pressure drop ie 48,0 fect of water. Select a pump which will produce a Slow of 60 GPM against a total pressure ézop of 48.0 feet of water. The pressure at various points in the sys- tem can now be computed by assuming the total pressure drop of 48.0 ft. of wate: is available at the pump discharge. Start- ing at the pump discharge, subtract the pressure drop for oach run of pipe to ob- tain the pressure at the other ports. (Refer to last column in Table 6). Determine pipe sizes for second circuit (Run d-o-p-k)- (a) Pressure at d= 30.6 Ft. of water Pressure atk=_2.0 Ft. of water TED Feet of water available for pressure drop in circuit. Piping shoald be selected to use all avail- able pressure drop. ‘This will minimice the adjustment of valves for equalization of pressure drop and volume of flow. (b) Run (dm) 30 GPM; try 1-1/2" pipe which gives a velocity of 5.6 FPS which ts within recommended limits Length of pipe 8.0 Ips tee Bs branch (ratte 5)2_ $a }EO. FT. TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. = 14 From Table 3 at 30 GPM flow rate, pres- Sure drop is 13.4 feet of water per 100 feet of length, 13.4 Ft, of water x 17.0 20.FT, _ 2.3 Fe. TOO Linear Fr. * ofwater (e) Run (m-n) 20 GPM; try 1-1/4" pipe which givas a velocity of 5.4 FPS which is within recommended limits Length of pipe 8.0 Tater tee ft sun (nabie 9) 2_2.S}EO. Fr. TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. = 0-3 From Table 3, at 20 GPM with 1-1/4" Pipe, the pressure drop is 15.5 feet of water per’ 100 foe: of length. 15.5 Fr. of water x10.5EO.FT. 1.6 Ft 100 Linear Fe. ofwater (2) Run (n-0) 10 GPM; try 1" pipe whieh gives a velocity of 4.2 FPS which is within recommended Limits. Length of pipe 13.07 Vgate valve (Table 5) 6b eg ye L std. 90" elbow (Table 5) = 215 ¢2O-FT. 1 std. tee thru run (Table 5) = _ 21, TOTAL EQUIVALENT Fr. = TET From Table 3 at 10 GPM with 1” pipe, the pressure drop ie 11.8 feet of water per 100 feet of length, 11.8 Ft, of water x ILEOFT, 2.1 Ft TOO Linear FF oiwater (e) Run (0-p)10 GPM flow rate, pre drop is 11.3 feet of water far unit condenser as given as data in sample selection section, (2) Run (peq) 10 GPM; use 1" pipe as selected for run (n-0}. Length of pips Ygate valve (Table 5) 1 ste. toe thru branch (Table 5) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. From Table 3 at 10 GPM with 1" pipe, the pressure drop is 11.8 fect of water per 100 feet of length. 11.8 Ft of water x 19.1 EO.FT, _ 2.3 Ft, 100 Linear Ft. (@) Ran (g-7}20 GPM; use 1-1/4" pipe as selected for run fm=n). Length of pipe = 8.0 Tye ice BPS mun rane 5)2_E:8}e0. re TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. = TOS" From Table 3 at 20 GPM with 1-1/4" pipe the pressure drop is 15,5 feet of water per 100 feet of length, 45.5 Ft. of water x 10.5 EQ.FT, 1.6 Fi 100 Linear Fe ofwater(bh) Run (r-k) 30 GPM; try 1-1/4" pipe to 6, Determine total pressure érop of run use the available pressure drop. (g-0-p-k) by adding the pressure drop of the individual runs, Total pressure Soop is 27.2 feet of water, From paragraph 5a, there was 28.6 fect of water pressure drop available. Therefore, 28.6 minus 27.2 equals I. feot of water which is the available pressure drop which was not used. This 1.4 feet of water pressure Grop must be taken up by valve adjusts ment to obtain a balanced system at cal culated flow rate. Length of pipe V'std. tee thru run (Table 5) 1 std. tee thru branch (Table 5) TOTAL EQUIVALENT FT. 50. FT. From Table 3 at 30 GPM with 1-1/4" pipe the pressure atop te 33°5 feet of water per 00 fect of east Size branch lines from main supply to nite fi #2, fa and 9S Use ee en 33.5 Fe of water x 18.0 FO.ET, 6.0 Ft of availble poteure drop oo potetncts 100 Linear Fe crwater rainiiiae valve aajesinche TABLE 6— TABULATION OF DATA FOR CLOSED WATER SYSTEM SAMPLE PROBLEM — Fittings, Equivalent Feet of Pipe Press. | Total | Actual cations} Nomina | Length a total |Drop Ft. | Preer.| Pre: Russ| “per | Pipe | of std. Tee| sta, Tee Equivalent] Water | ‘Drop at Varicus Painute | eee | REE | Gate, | Bhra | “thea” | Sea. 90°] FSET Dertsog | Beep [at Various Inches | Feet |valve | (Run | Branch | Elbow Lin. Ft. | Water [Feet Water 2 a0 60 2 3 | ue 42 | we as] as 60 Ble 325 eo w fone 1.2 | azo g}a soe 30 8 3.0 45 ass | 34 sfe ass 20 3 25 dos | ibs 6 | £ 24l to 8 6] 20 25 zot | ant s]e aus io Unie #6 23 |B lols 10 1 5 ‘ 1 25 wt] ne fi 'sa zo | iiss | 8 25 ios | isis el; és so | ice | 2s Xo 45 a5 | asia B]k 20 60 od ue | as asia | 20 ofr “o ‘Total Pressure Drop (Ft. of water) in Longest Run 7 2 30.6 a-m/ 30 | v2 | 6 9.0 wo | ans 2.3 | mae3 mal 20 | ie | 6s 2s ros | isis Le} 267 neo} to 1 8 6] Xo 28 tat | ane 21/0 ase ep] i Unie #3 ana |p 183 pea] io 1 1 6 Ss i | ine 23} q ie a-r] 20 | atys | 's zs jos | isis he] ‘os eek] 30 | ie | zs | 73 yo | 335 | gol k dae ack Total Pressure Drop (Ft. of water) in Shorter Run zz i point i is 2.0 ft, of water as determined by the longest run and this {2 the system cone ure drop. In order to have a balanced system with » minkinum adjustencet of veloc ae branch runs should be sized so the available pressure drop between the supply pease wed sotcny reais used in the branch run. “The 3.4 ft. of water 1s close ta the 2-0, re the difference of Tee eect eae! ‘must be taken up by valve adjustment, 15TABLE 7— TYPICAL RATINGS FOR PUMP SELECTION ee PM Lice 20 30 40 30 eo 70 80 90 10} 1/3 P1o0 | 1/3 Ptoo] 173 P100 [4/2 F100 | 172 Plo] ssa PI00| 1 Pleo] 1 P10 [isyapaeo 20_| 1/3 Pioa | 1/2 Pioo| 1/3 Pico | 1/2 P00 | 3/4 P100| 3/4 F100] 1 P100| 1 ~Pi00 | 1=1/eP OO 30_| 1/3 Pioo | 1/3 pio | 12 Pio0| 172 P100 | 3/4 P10] 1 P100| 1 Pioofi-wepaco| “2 Pee 40 | 1/3 Pio0 | 1/2 P100| 1/2 Pioo| 3/4 Pi00| 1 Pion] 1 Pico|i-1/2P200|1-1yep200| 2 F200 50 | 12 Pico | 2/4 Pico] 3/4 Pico] 1 F100] 1 Pi00|1-1/eP200|1-1/2P200| 2 paoo] 2 200 §0_[}-1/2P200 |1-1/2P200 |1-1/2P200 [1-1/2 200 [1-1/2 200 |1-1/2P200] 2 200] 2 Pe0o] 3 200 70_|1-1/2P200 [1-1/eP200 ft-ayePa00 asepz00 |1-1/2P200| 2 P2o0[ 2 P200| 3 poo] 3 R200 so | 2 peoo| 2 ra00] 2 p2oof 2 Peoo| 2 peco| 2 F200] 2 w200| 3 P200| 3 Pace 50 | 2 F300] 2 Poo} 2 Poo] 2 7300 2 300] 3 P300| 3 P00] 3 Ps0o] 5 P00 woo | 2 300] 2 Paco] 2 P300] 2 F300] 2 300| 3 P300| 3 ps00| s P30] 7s Paco ‘Motor Horsepower ‘Motor Pump Assembly [Pump Size Designation in nae cng; aypical Pump Selection Table but should not be used for an actual pump selection, Refer toa ap Manufacturers Ratings for a specific selection ag a number of pump size/moror comtinatinng ot pursible, sutacer cman rnnournoree YORK = PPC SM 1173 40 Code: £16) Int Form 1805 25-40. P.0, BOX 1802, YORK, PENNSYLVANIA 17405 i \