 Parfumes are one of the most difficult accessories to define

and to pin down , the reason being that they are such a personal
choice and have so many elusive qualities.
Even though perfumes are expensive (for both men and women), they
are well worth the money , as they can conjure up a host of feelings
and be a pleasant experience for both the wearer thereof, as well the
people close to the person wearing the perfume.
Perfume is thousands of years old
Word "perfume" comes from the Latin per fume
"through smoke".
A mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma
compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the
human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant
smell.
 The Egyptians were the first to incorporate perfume into
their culture followed by the ancient Chinese, Hindus,
Israelites, Arabs,
Greeks, and Romans.
 Perfume In Arab

• Perfume use in daily life

• Muslims used amber musk and

roses

• Religious aspect
• Nowdays top brands often select
and create the best scents on the market.
They’re classy, unmistakable and will
sweep you, or the object of your affection,
off your feet.
 Top 5 Best Perfumes 2014
Men Women

5. Million by Paco Rabbane
4. The One by Dolce & Gabbana
3. Spicebomb by Viktor & Rolf
2. Tobacco Vanille by Tom Ford
1. Gucci Pour Homme By Gucci
5: Chanel No.
4. Gucci by Gucci
3. Pure poison from Dior
2. Donna Karan Cashmere
Mist
1. Forbidden Euphoria Calvin
Klein
Bark
Flowers & blossoms
Fruits
 Leaves & twigs
 Resin
 Roots, rhizomes & bulbs
Seeds
Woods
Ambergris
Castoreum
Civet
Hyraceum
Honey comb
Deer musk
 Animal Products

• Some perfume ingredients are animal products. For example, castor

comes from beavers, musk from male deer, and ambergris from the
sperm whale.

• Animal substances are often used as fixatives that enable perfume

to evaporate slowly and emit odors longer.

• Alcohol and sometimes water are used to dilute ingredients in

perfumes.
Calone - imparts a fresh ozonous
metallic marine scent
Linalool and coumarin -
synthesized from terpenes
White musk
MOST COMMON CHEMICALS IN THIRTY-ONE
FRAGRANCE PRODUCTS [BASED ON A] 1991
EPA STUDY

ACETONE BENZELDEHY ETHANO

DE L

LINALOOL LIMONEN
E
BENZYL CAMPHOR a-
ALCOHOL PINENE

METHYLEN BENZYL
E ACETATE
CHLORIDE g- ETHYL
a- ACETAT
TERPINENE
TERPINEOL E
 Perfume Manufacturing

• 400 plant and 5 animal matters are

used for perfume making

• Then alcohol is mixed with the oils in

different ratios
 Perfume Manufacturing
• Many oils are extracted usually from plants through the following
methods:

♦ Collection
♦ Steam Distillation
♦ Solvent Extraction
♦ Effleurage
♦ Maceration
♦ Expression
Collection
 Perfume Manufacturing

2. Steam Distillation:

• Passage of steam, produces oil gas

• The gas is then sent to cooled

tubes and is liquefied

• A lot of flowers for a very small

amount of the oil
 Steam
Distillation
Steam Distillation
Solvent Extraction
 Perfume Manufacturing
3. Solvent Extraction:

Rotation of Produces a
Addition of a
flowers in a waxy
solvent
container material

Waxy
Oil of higher
substance Evaporation
concentration
into alcohol of alcohol
 Perfume Manufacturing
3. Solvent Extraction:
 Perfume Manufacturing
4. Effleurage:

• The flowers are spread over glass sheets with

grease on it

• The grease absorbs the fragrance

• Cold effleurage
• Warm effleurage
Enfleurage
Maceration
 Perfume Manufacturing
5. Maceration:

What Is Maceration??

• A lot similar to enfleurage

• Instead it uses warm fats dissolved

in alcohol

• Very much same as the solvent

extraction also
Expression
 Perfume Manufacturing
6. Expression:
• The simplest of all, used on citrus plants, their flowers and
peels

• Manual extraction

• Steel Pick Expression

• ‘Through Sponge’ Expression
Hypercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oils for
Perfume Making: A Modern Way of Oil
Extraction
 Perfume Manufacturing

8. Hypercritical CO2 Extraction:

• A new way of extraction of oils

• An expensive way though

• CO2 is used in this method

Hypercritical CO2 Extraction
Flow Sheet
• Feeling of elegance comes from perfumes. Perfumes and
fragrances are used to scent wide variety of body and bath
products such as cologne, deodorant, after shave lotions,
hair care products etc. But do you know that these
wonderful perfumes can be dangerous for you? Here are
some side effects and problems caused due to perfumes
Skin problems
Carcinogenicity
Aggravate lung disease.
Affect the brain as well
Cause instant headaches, dizziness, nausea and mood swings.
Sinus, watery eyes, inability to focus mentally etc.
Absorbed by the skin and introduced into the blood stream.
 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS :

• They modify brain blood flow, alter blood pressure,

pulse, and mood and trigger migraine headaches.

• Musk ambrette, used for decades, was found to be

neurotoxic

• Several common fragrances, when inhaled, have

potent sedative effects.

• CNS disorders also include Multiple Sclerosis,

Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease.
 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

• Fragrances are volatile compounds and are constantly released into

the air. The widespread use and vast number of fragranced
products cause extensive indoor and outdoor pollution.

• They are persistent and accumulate in different compartments of

the environment.
PRECAUTIONS

• Donot use perfume oil internally

• If you have a highly sensitive skin,

please consult with a physician
before use

• Before applying any perfume or

body oils to the skin, always test a
small area of skin for any adverse
reactions.

• Use caution when using perfume

oil products that contain citrus
oils. They can irritate sensitive skin.
• People with high blood pressure should
avoid the more stimulating essential oils,
such as basil, rosemary and thyme.

• People with low blood pressure should

avoid the more sedating essential oils,
such as clary sage, ylang ylang and
lavender.

• People with asthma should avoid using

essential oils.

• Keep perfume oil out of the reach of

pets and children.
 The Future
• Aromatherapy—smelling oils and fragrances to cure physical and emotional
problems—is being revived to help balance hormonal and body energy. Smelling
sweet smells also affects one's mood and can be used as a form of
psychotherapy.
Like aromatherapy, more research is being conducted to synthesize human
perfume—that is, the body scents we produce to attract or repel other
humans. Humans, like other mammals, release pheromones to attract the
opposite sex. New perfumes are being created to duplicate the effect of
pheromones and stimulate sexual arousal receptors in the brain. Not only may
the perfumes of the future help people cover up "bad" smells, they could
improve their physical and emotional well-being as well as their sex lives.
THANK YOU