Literal Language means exactly what it says and does not use
Imagery using TASTE or GUSTATORY-describes what we
any figurative language . It is a straight forward expression
because It is the primary meaning of a word.
Literary meaning is the meaning of a word associated with
the use of a literary device. These literary devices include
“Symbolism”, “Figures of Speech” and “Sensory Images” or
“Imagery”.
Symbolism is the art of using an object to make a clear
picture of an abstract idea or ideas.
Literary devices refer to the language techniques used by a
writer to convey a clearer and more interesting message from
the text.
A Figure of Speech is a literary device that has a separate
meaning from its literal meaning.
Some of the commonly used figures of speech used by a writer
are the following:
A Simile makes a comparison between two unlike things using
the words "like" or "as."
Example: Jose Rizal is like a star.
A Metaphor is a comparison between two unlike things or
ideas with NO “like” or “as”.
Example: Jose Rizal is a star.
Personification gives human qualities to non-living things or
ideas.
Example:
1. Star : Still shimmering
2. The star itself : Is already dead
Imagery is a literary device used by a writer in his attempt to
describe something. It is the language used by a poet to build
some images in the minds of the readers. It is also known as
“Sensory Images” because they appeal to senses.
Examples of Imagery
1.Imagery using VISUAL or SIGHT-describes what we see. It
may include color, shapes, size, and pattern.
But this morning,
I am truly at the sea,
swimming by myself in waters
whose lines are clean as a poem
2.Imagery using AUDITORY or SOUND –describes what we hear.
It may include enjoyable sounds, noises, and even silence.
Perhaps the chorus of their voices
is cool and pure as the lapping tongues
of the smallest waves.
3.Imagery using TOUCH or TACTILE - describes what we feel or
touch. It may include texture, temperature, touch, and
movement.
How blissful it would be to take my last breath
reclining in the arms of the sea,
wrapped in the warm rays
4.
taste. It may include sweetness, sourness, saltiness, spiciness,
and savoriness.
The candy melted in her mouth
And swirls of bittersweet
5. Imagery using SMELL or OLFACTORY-describes what we
smell. It may include fragrances, and odors.
She smelled the scent
of sweet Cinnamon
through the air
Biography is a branch of literature that includes the life of
someone written by another person.
Biographical Context enhanced the reader’s understanding
of the text based on the biographical facts that the author has
in the text or on the perceptions that the reader got from the
writer’s life after reading his or her text.
Danton Remoto
Born on November 25,1963 in Basa Air Base, Floridablanca,
Pampanga.
WORKS IN POET
 Skin, Voices, Faces (1991)
 Pulotgata:The Love Poems (2004)
 Padre Faura Witnesses the Execution of Rizal
ACHIEVEMENTS
POET:
 Galian sa Arte at Tula (1983)
 Stirling District Arts Council Award for Poetry (1989,1990)
 Procyon Prize winner (1993)
 National Commission on Culture and Arts award for
poetry translation(2006)
WORK EXPERIENCE
 writer, reporter, editor, and columnist
 professor at Ateneo de Manila University from 1986-2009
 radio commentator
EDUCATION
 1983 - He obtained his AB in Interdisciplinary Studies from
the Ateneo de Manila University
 1989 - He gained his MA degree in English Literature
 2003 -He obtained a fellowship from the Asian
Scholarship Foundation at the Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
 2009 - He gained his PhD English Studies,major in Creative
Writing in University of the Philippines, Diliman.
Socio– Cultural Context refers to the social environment or
social setting in which something develops; social factors that
affect lifestyle such as family, religion or wealth; as well
as cultural context in which the characters’ behaviour, values,
attitudes were formed based on these cultures.
Socio –cultural Context also pertains to the linkage between
language, culture and society in which it is used.
 To Persuade or Inspire - conveys the message with a little
bit of hard work
Here is an example of an inspirational anecdote:
“Before beginning a tutoring session, the tutor tells the
student how he used to struggle with the subject matter in the
past and how he managed to grow past these difficulties”.
(LoveToKnow Corp., 2019).

REGION is the basic unit of geography. It is an area of land that Multimedia is the field concerned with the
has common features which can be natural or artificial. Some computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings,
of these features can be language, government as well as still and moving images (video), animation, audio, and any
forests, wildlife, or climate. other media where every type of information can be
represented stored, transmitted and processed digitally (Dave,
Context provides meaning and helps us understand a story 2001).
better. Context is the condition or the environment that helps
the reader understands a narrative or a literary text. As a
reader, context helps you understand what was happening at
the time of the event.

For example, the novel “Noli Me Tangere” by Jose Rizal does

not just talk about the love story of Crisostomo Ibarra and
Maria Clara; instead, the story provides context to the
problems of our country during the Spanish era.

In literature, a strong understanding of the context behind a

work's creation can give us a better understanding of and
appreciation for the narrative. In analyzing events, context can
help us understand what motivates people to behave as they
did. Put another way, context is what gives meaning to the
details.

An Anecdote is a short amusing or interesting story about a

real incident or person. Anecdotes cover a wide variety of
stories and tales, especially since they can be about basically
any subject under the sun. It is a short story about a real
person or event, usually serving to make the listeners laugh or
ponder over a topic. Generally, the anecdote will relate to the
subject matter that the group of people is discussing.

For example, if a group of learners are discussing pets, and one

learner tells a story about how his cat comes downstairs at a
certain time every night, then that learner has just shared an
anecdote.

Purposes of Anecdotes
 To Bring Cheer - makes people laugh
EX. Before Christmas morning breakfast, parents tell their
children about their very first Christmas together.

 To Reminisce - talks about past experiences

EX. A mother tells her son a story about a family vacation when
she was growing up.

 To Caution - shares frightening stories of dangers

EX.(1) Before beginning a lecture on why staying out late is
inappropriate, a father tells his daughter about a scary incident
he had one time when he stayed out too late.

EX.(2) Before giving a presentation on the dangers of drug

abuse, the speaker tells the audience how he himself used to
abuse drugs and explains the negative effects it brought about
in his life.