A Recap

AYE!

PLATO ARISTOTLE
 ART starts from
somewhere, from
MIMESIS – imitation
and representation .
Late 19th Century…

“l’art pour l’art”

ART for ART’s Sake
 ART
is supposed to exist as it is
for its own, on its own;
for everyone, and with everyone.
 ART
Filipino Concept of
Artists vs. ARTISTSA (Celebrities)
Artists vs. ARTISTSA?
(the debate)
 Performing
Arts and
Literature in
the Philippines
 Table of Contents

01 Literary work in the

Philippines 02 Understanding Philippine
Performing Arts
 Introduction
As mentioned in the previous lesson,
arts do not only dwell on the visual but
it can be a fusion of everything.
Although majority of our class output
will focus on VISUAL ARTS that is for the
following weeks ahead.

The structure of our lesson will be

tapping from what is popular then going
way back into history in order for us to
find some connection between the
present and the past. Thus, today’s in
focus will be a compilation of all types
and forms of Philippine Literature and
Isay Alvarez-Seña, Philippine Performance ARTS
theater Filipina actress
 Concepts
PERFORMANCE ARTS
Performing arts include
music, dance, theater,
cinema/film, and even
spoken work poetry.

LITERATURE
Literature refers to
works showing ideas
and emotions that are
creatively thought of
and stated.
01
Philippine
Literature
You could enter a subtitle
here if you need it
 Types of Filipino Literature
Filpino Legends
Mythology
Tales of begins
Stories that explain the origin of
the world. Associated with
theology and supernatural 2 4
beings

Filipino Epics Minor Folktales:

1 Relates adventures of a hero often
times with supernatural powers. 3 Songs, proverbs, and
riddles
Originally, Filipino Epics are sung or
chanted before an audience.
 Types of Filipino Literature

Short Stories 6 Novels

8 Komiks

5 Poetry 7 Essays 9
 Types and Elements of Literature
Meaning
This refers to idioms, dialect, new
words, allusion or connotation,
which the writer uses to express his
or her feelings or ideas
Sound and Rythm
Sound refers to emphasis on
the words or rhymes; Rhythm
is the beat or sound patterns
of the work
Figurative Language
Figures of speech that are
used to express something in
a different way apart from its
literal meaning
Theme and Content
Pertains to the general
thought or idea of the whole
composition
Imagery
Details or descriptive style that
can trigger readers’ senses
Style and
structure
Choices of words and sentence
structures used by the writer to
catch the attention of the readers
 Recommendations

Form and Plot Characters

Structure The sequence of a
Sequence of topic and
story
transitions that make
up the whole writing

Setting Point of View

Time and place This is the perspective
where the story is from whom a story is
found being told.
Literature speaks the
language of the
Imagination, the
study of literature is
supposed to train
and improve the
imagination
~Northrop Frye
Literature During Pre-Colonial Tradition
EPIC
This refers to idioms, dialect, new
words, allusion or connotation,
which the writer uses to express his
or her feelings or ideas

MINOR FOLKTALES
This includes trickster tales,
proverbs (salawikain), riddles
(bugtong), fables.
Literature During Pre-Colonial Tradition
Short Poems
This refers to idioms, dialect, new
words, allusion or connotation,
which the writer uses to express his
or her feelings or ideas

Poetic Jousts
Figures of speech that are
used to express something in
a different way apart from its
literal meaning
Literature During Spanish Colonial
Tradition
Metrical
Romance

Known as biag og panagbiag

and/or awit or Korido.

Pasyon
Written in a stanza with 5
lines with 8 syllables per line,
recounting the life of Jesus
Christ. The two type of
pasyon –the pagabsa and the
political pasyon
 Literature During American Colonial
Tradition
Poetry of Reform, Revolution,
Resistance to American
Colonialism
Mainly comprises of balagtasan
poems, satirical verses, patriotic
poems, and social criticism.

Modernized Forms
of Folk literature
More on Prose Figure: Myth,
Legends and Folktales where
formalized
Literature During American Colonial Tradition

Essays
Essays explain insights and /or
information using description,
narration and humor. The two types
of essays are: formal essay and
informal essay

Novels
A lengthy complex narrative of events
based on the author’s imagination. The
four traditions: Didactic tradition,
Romantic Tradition, Realist tradition,
Radical Tradition
Literature During American Colonial Tradition

Short Story
This refers to idioms, dialect, new
words, allusion or connotation,
which the writer uses to express his
or her feelings or ideas

Komiks
More on Prose Figure: Myth,
Legends and Folktales where
formalized
Performance Arts

A time-based art form that typically features

a live presentation to an audience or to
onlookers (as on a street) and draws on such
arts as acting, poetry, music, dance,
and painting. It is generally an event rather
than an artifact, by nature ephemeral, though
it is often recorded on video and by means of
still photography.
Types of Filipino Performing Arts

Music 2 Theater 4

1 Dance 3 Film and

Cinema
Music
Music is considered to be the
least tangible of the Arts. It is
defined as an arrangement of
sounds, to create a continuous
and unified composition
 Elements of MUSIC
Harmony
Combination of Texture
different tones or The relationship of
Rhythm
pitches played or melodic and harmonic
Something to do with the
sung together lines in music.
music patterns: tempo,
meter, rythmic pattern Dynamics
Softness or loudness of
music. Th shifts from soft
Melody to loud in music
Succession of
Consecutive notes Timbre
or tones changing in Softness or loudness of
pitch and duration music. The shifts from soft
to loud in music
 Forms of Philippine Music
Ethnic Traditional American
Music Inspired
Categorized under
Music that has similar elements classical, semi-classical
with music from the Southeast
and popular music. All
Asian neighbors.
which could co-exist
2 with the other

European-influenced
1 3
Song both secular and religious
brought about by Western
influences..
Ethnic-Traditional Music
Ballad
Songs that explain an event occurring in
a community.Examples would be the
liyangkit parang sabil of the Tausug.

Chant
Songs with an unaccompanied melody
and variable rhythm found in epic songs.

Song debate
A song involving male and female
singers who try to outsmart each other.
 Art Song European-Inspired
Composition characterized by merging Religious and Secular
the voice part lyrics, to the Music
accompaniment together “to achieve
artistic musical whole.”

Habanera / Danza
Social dance in duple time. Originally
adapted from Cuba, this is usually
performed on a stage or ballroom.
 Liturgical music European-Inspired
Religious and Secular
Vocal and instrumental compositions
that go together with the official rites of Music
Christian churches. This began during
Spanish colonial period with the rise of
Catholicism. Today Pentecostal churches
and charismatic groups have also
brought changes to church music.
Kumintang
A dance of love accompanied by a
guitar and bajo de una (string bass). Its
quasi-recitative melody is played by
these instruments in ¾ time
American – Inspired
Chamber Music
Classical Music
Instrumental music played by a small
ensemble. Each part of the music is
played by one performer.

Choral Music

Involves music written for a group of

singers. Choral composition can be
monadic, homophonic, polyphonic
American – Inspired
Classical Music Opera
This opera is essentially drama that is
sung and accompanied by instruments.
It has a set structure, consisting of an
overture, songs for a variety of singers,
other vocal combinations, and
interludes.

Filipinization of the opera began before

the early 1900s.
 American – Inspired
Symphony
Symphonic Literature
Considered as the sonata written to be
played by an orchestra.

Suite

Well-arranged set of individual

movements which are unified because
of using either a common form or key or
a non musical element. The usual
themes include scenery and folk songs
 American – Inspired
Concert Overture
Symphonic Literature
A concert overture is a composition that
is typically written in a sonata-allegro
form. That has one movement with
many sections.
Symphonic Poem
Also called as tone poem, based on a
nonmusical poetic or realistic idea.
Themes for symphonic poems include
biblical themes and personalities,
historical events, literary works, and
local scenery
American – Inspired
Band Music
Semi-Classical Music
Refers to compositions created for the
band which is a group of percussion,
and woodwind instruments. Band music
still is popular and has gained national
attention after the Marcos regime

Marcha/ march
Composition played by regular phrases
and a strongly accented rhythm usually
in 4/4 signature. The music is usually
played with marching groups
 Pinoy Rock American – Inspired

This music involves the use of drums, Popular Music

electric guitars, synthesizers and other
electronic instruments.

Safe Pinoy pop

Or “middle-of-the-road” type of music

are like music compositions of APO
Hiking Society and Jose Mari Chan
 Pinoy Folk American – Inspired

Inspired by simple repetitive tunes Popular Music

made popular by Western folk singers.

Pinoy disco

Essentially pinoy adaptation of Western

disco music

Rap
A musical form involving fast paced
rhythmic narration accompanied by
electronic musical instruments
Dance
Dance is an art form involving
series of rhythmic human
movements that are purposefully
selected. Dance should easily be
differentiated from movement. In
contrast to simple human
movement or utilitarian
movement, dance involves a
mindful effort to combine
movements spatially, dynamically,
rhythmically, artfully in order for
these movements to flow
together.
 Elements of Dance

Time
Term such as accent,
beat, duration,
Space meter, rhythm, and Energy
Where the dance is acceleration. It’s composed of
performed. hydrogen and helium
Relationship
Body Element
How the dancer relates to
Describes how the
another dance; how the
body of the dancer
dancer relates the entire
moves.
stage production
 Forms of Philippine Dance
Folk Dance Modern Dance
Dances that are developed and Dance forms that
performed together by ordinary emerged during the 20th
people. This include ceremonial, century. Still theatrical
combative, courtship, exorcism,
funeral, game, torture, comic
and religious dances.
2 but veers away from
rigid dance technique
and ballet.

Ballet
1 Theatrical dance presentation in
which a plot is integrated with 3 Modern Dance
Other forms, or new forms of dance
that emerged in the much current
dancing, music, and stage designs. It
is also defined as the style and period.
technique of dancing strictly based
on a theatrical dance school.
Folk dances
Courtship and Wedding Dances

This dance involves a ceremonial

dance which involves a male
pursuing a female. The courtship
dance is typically performed during
special occasions. Examples are
Kumintang and Kuratsa

Wedding dances on the other hand

are performed by newlyweds to
celerbate relationships that have
been newly formed.
Folk dances
Game Dances
Dances usually acted for fun, but have a
set of rules and structure. Usually done
during informal social gatherings.

Martial Dances
Dances that are combative in nature and
is used to enact a battle. Martial dance
may exhibit unarmed execution or
confrontation using arms or weapons.
The langka of Samal is a good example
of martial dance.
Folk dances
Mimetic Dance
These are dances that aim to imitate
actual or real life movements. Mimetic
dances may be categorized to animal
dances and occupational dances.

Ritual Dances

Involves dancing to spiritual beings and

gods. The shaman, who usually directs
the dance, and the supplicants perform
the dance to ask for blessings good
health, or victory from war.
Folk dances
Social Dancing

Social dancing is primarily performed to

celebrate important milestones in life, and to
mark harvest. Examples of these dances would
be balse, escotis, habanera,jota, lanceros,
polka, rigodon de honor, and subli

Song Dance

This refers to a dance performed to a song,

which typically describes history and
traditions of a community. This dance
involves acting out the meaning of the song
using gestures and movements. Balitaw and
Lunsay are examples of these kind of dance.
 Modern ballet Ballet
Utilize technique and style of classical ballet in
portraying contemporary content. Techniques
in modern dance may be adapted in modern
ballet, such as bound and rebound, and
contraction and release.

Opera Ballet

Defined as the dance within the context of

the opera. Rock opera ballet, which began in
the 1970s is an offshoot of opera ballet.
 Ballet
Folkloric ballet
Ballet that involves stylizing and editing
stories, motifs, and styles found in the culture
of ordinary people, and adapting these
materials to contemporary theater.
 Aerobic Dance Other Dances
Primarily dancing to the tune of a popular
music with purpose of increasing consumption
of oxygen over a long period of time.

Bodabil Dancing

Form of dancing popular during the

American period. It is a variety of dances of
both American and Filipino which are
combined with mime singing of ballads,
acrobatics, offering a perception of life
during those times in a satirical way.
 Jazz Dance Other Dances
A dance that uses African dance techniques
like isolation of individual human body parts,
rhythm, and polycentrism.

Polynesian and Tahitian Dance

These are dances from people living in the
Polynesian chain. These dance include the
hula, which was introduced during 1950s

Tap Dance

A dance which entails the tapping with toes

and heels to generate rhythmic patterns.
 Theater

Music is considered to be the

least tangible of the Arts. It is
defined as an arrangement of
sounds, to create a continuous
and unified composition
 Elements of Theater
Audience
To whom the performers present
in front of. Usually, the actors tend
to respond depending on the
energy from the audience.
Performers
Persons who are on
stage and portraying
their characters
Director
The overseer of the
entire production. Performance Space
The stage or space where
the play is performed
Design
Overall aesthetic and feel of
the production.
Text
The script
 Types of Philippine Theater
Dulang pahiyang Teatrong Pansimbahan
These are ritualistic plays Plays that are concerned with
considered part of life and not spirituality. This are plays depending
as a separate social activity.
2 greatly on the Church calendar
(Catholic or Protestant) 4
Dalumbayan
1 Plays that are considered theater in 3 Theater as Arts
the contexts of social movements. Plays that are based on western
These plays aim to improve the models
current systems of the government
 Filipino Indigenous Theater
This type of theater is usually
seen in forms of rituals,
mimetic customs and dances.
Indigenous theater has most
like Malay qualities and is
performed by 5% of the
country’s population.

Examples are balitaw, duplo,

and Maranao bayok
 Dulang Pahiyang
Rituals
Rituals are described as a way to
communicate with gods or spirits.
This involves a shaman, usually a
babaylan or an albularyo calling
the spirit and being possessed by
the spirit.

While at that state, the shaman

performs a sacrifice or pours
water over the offerings
 Dulang Pahiyang
Duplo
A poetic debate or balagtasan.

Bayok
Bayok is a Maranao mimetic joust.
The joust depends on the
occession on when the joust is
performed.
 Dalumbayan
Drama Simboliko
Nationalist drama beginning from the
American Regime and then later
revived during the Marcos regime.

Street Theater
Theater presented outdoors
without a stage. It is a political by
design but can often also be
adapted to religious plays.
Teatrong Pansimbahan
Komedya
Komedya is a play in verse that
portrays the lives of the saints. It
depicts actual events or tales
about royalty

Dapit
The tradition of fetching the
image of the community’s
patron saint. Usually done the
night before the fiesta or on
the day itself.
Teatrong Pansimbahan
Flores
Usually occurring during the
month of May. It has 3
variations: Flores de Mayo, Alay,
or Flores de Maria.

Hudas
The burning of the image of
Judas Iscariot. This performance
is popular in Bulacan,
Pampanga, and Cebu.
Teatrong Pansimbahan
Huling Hapunan
This is an actual supper enacted
to commemorate the last supper
of Jesus with his disciples on the
night before His crucifixion

Moriones
Short street play portraying the
capture and beheading of the
Roman soldier Longinus who
was involved in the crucifixion of
Jesus Christ.
Teatrong Pansimbahan Paghugas ng Paa
A short ritual reenacting Christ
washing the feet of his disciples
before the Last Supper.

Panunuluyan
The procession reenacting Joseph and
Mary’s search for an inn in Bethlehem. This
involves using two karo or floats which
bears the image of Joseph and Mary, and
the singing of one male and one female
singer accompanied by a brass brand.
Teatrong Pansimbahan Pastores
(Shepherds’s Dance)

Reenactment of shepherds
honoring the infant Jesus.

Osana

Short reenactment of the triumphant

entry of Jesus to Jerusalem. Done
during Palm Sunday.
Teatrong Pansimbahan Pangangaluluwa
Tradition involving carolers who go
to each house in the community to
act like souls in purgatory and beg
for alms

Siete Palabras

The reenactment of the last three

hours of Jesus on the Cross where he
stated his Seven Last Words.
Teatrong Pansimbahan Sinakulo
Performed during Holy Week, depicting
the story of salvation starting from the
creation of the world up to the life,
death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Salubong
The reenactment focusing on the
meeting of Mary, mother of Jesus,
and Jesus Christ who rose from the
dead.
Teatrong Pansimbahan Soledad
Usually performed late in the evening,
portraying Mary’s grief after burying Jesus.
Tatlong Hari
Reenactment of the travel of the
Magi to worship the Infant Jesus in
Bethlehem
Via Crucis

The tradition of remembering the

events leading to Jesus Christ’s death
and burial.
 Forms of Philippine Theater as ART
Theater with
Indigenous Art Anglo-American
Ritualistic based performances Influence
usually coming from heavy Mala-
influenced cultures. Modern plays that are
2 written both in English and
Filipino

1 Plays with Spanish Influence

Plays that are usually related to Teatrong 3
Pansimbahan and Catholic – Christian
beliefs. These plays are often held during
special religious celebrations such as flores
de mayo, Holy Week, Christmas , etc.
 Plays with Spanish Influence
Sarswela
The most popular form of
musical form in Philippine
theater. It is generally
described as a musical
play with a particular
structure and standards.

Themes for sarswela

revolve in Filipno
domestic and social
situations
 Anglo – American Influenced
Bodabil
A stage presentation that
consists of musical and
comedy acts, skits and
monologues, novelty and
acrobatic numbers, solos
and chorus lines.

Documentary Style
This is performed to
connect historical persons
and events to the present.
 Anglo – American Influenced
Brechtian
Theater of instruction.
Inspired by Bertolt
Brecht., this play features
social orientation and
utilizes mime, dances,
songs, stylized sets and
customs, and typical
characters
 Anglo – American Influenced
Dula-Tula
A variant of dramatic
monologue, which involves
one actor speaking while
acting out his emotions and
thoughts.

One actor simply narrates

while the other characters
are present to play all the
parts.
Film
Film refers to a sequence of
moving pictures, typically shown
on Television or cinema.

Film making has been part of the

Philippine industry since 1950’s.
however, 1970’s was considered
as the most remarkable era in the
Philippines because the academe
started to produce new breed of
filmmakers.
Film
Some filmakers later on were
educated on art films that were
created outside the ‘mainstream’
or commercial film making --often
locally associated as Indie Film
makers.
 Forms of Film
Aksyon
American-influenced type
of film which mainly uses
physical conflict as
emphasis.

Action films can be based

on real-life stories or the
others can be purely
fictional events.
 Forms of Film
Animation
Film involving inanimate
images and bringing them
to life. Single-fram
photogrophy was used to
capture images of a series
of arranged drawings.

Cut-out animation
involves cutting out
images from photos card
board or other flat
materials, and a collage is
formed out of this.
 Forms of Film
Bomba
Bomba films primarily
depicts nudity and sex.
These films became
popular in the 1970 to
1990s. These films are
known as “bold”, “wet
look”, “ST”.

Note that bomba films are

different from X-rated
pornography.
 Forms of Film
Dokyu
Or documentary, is a
motion picture that narrates
or discusses news events.
These films may also explain
other subjects matters
based on facts.
Dokyu films are categorized
according to: film
journalism; general interest
film, nature documentaries,
physical world and cinema
direct.
 Forms of Film
Drama
Refers to motion picture
that dwells on personal
problems and conflicts.

Drama draws sentiments

and emotion. It is typically
meant to be a tearjerker.
 Forms of Film
Fantasy
Film that depicts scenes
from the imaginary world.
Komiks series, folklore, and
science fiction fall under
this category.

Historical
Shows actual events that
occurred in the past. It may
depict real stories of
famous persons, or
historical events and places
that are recreated in the
film
 Forms of Film
Horror
Horror films is shown to
bring fear to audiences. This
includes supernatural
beings especially beings
coming from our Filipino
Dark Folklore such as
ghosts, mananaggal,
white/black lady, kapre,
tikbalang and other
imaginary creatures, among
other terrifying creatures.
This is very appealing to
many Filipinos and perhaps
due to our fondness for
such supernatural world.
 Forms of Film
Komedi
This film aims to introduce
laughter in the audience.
There are two types of
komedi—romantic comedy,
which is a love story
presented with music and
humor, and the slapstick
comedy which focuses on
using a physical or
psychological defect or on
using ill-mannered behavior
of characters as sources of
laughter.
 Forms of Film
Musical
This is essentially a romantic
comedy that is presented
with dances, skits, and
songs.
There are four types of
musicals:
1. filmed sarswela
2. sarswela-type
3. Hollywood-type
4. New musical
 Forms of Film
Period
This film centers on
character and events which
are recreated in the movie.
This occur in a historical
place and time.
 Thanks!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and

~end of L2
infographics & images by Freepik