KEY CONCEPTS

1. 3.

d
(i) ( ) = 0
dx
'y' 'x' d
(ii) (ax) = a
y x dx
d
(iii) (xn) = nxn–1
dx
2. d
(iv) ex =ex
dx
y = f(x) x (continuous
d
function) x y (v) (ax) = ax logea
dx
x x d
y
`
lim (vi) (logex) = 1/x
y ` y x0 x
( dx
)y x d 1
(vii) (logax) =
(Derivative) dx x log a
dy d
, y', y1 Dy . (viii) (sin x) = cos x
dx dx
dy y
lim
= x0 d
dx x
(ix) (cos x) = – sin x
dx
dy f ( x  x)  f ( x) d
 lim
= x0
dx x (x)
dx
(tan x) = sec2x

d
(xi) (cot x) = – cosec2x
dx
dy d
x (xii) (secx)= secx tan x
dx
dx
y d
(xiii) (cosec x) = – cosec x cot x
F d yI
2 dx
GH d x JK y" y2
d
2
1
(xiv) (sin–1 x) = , –1< x < 1
D2 y y dx
1  x2
d 1
(xv) (cos–1x) = – ,–1 < x < 1
d y 3
d y
4
d y
n
dx
, , ...., , .... 1  x2
d x3 d x4 d xn d 1
(xvi) (tan–1 x) =
: dx 1  x2
d 1
y dy (xvii) (cot–1 x) = –
(i) y x dx 1  x2
x dx
d 1
(xviii) (sec–1 x) = |x| > 1
dx x x2  1
dy
 dy÷ dx d 1
dx (xix) (cosec–1 x) = –
dy d dx x x2  1
(ii) ( y) d/dx
dx dx d
'd' dx (xx) (sinh x) = cosh x
dx
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 d VI
(xxi) (cosh x) = sinh x
dx
x =  (t) , y =  (t)
d
(xxii) (tanh x) = sech2 x dy dy / dt
dx =
dx dx / dt
d
(xxiii) (coth x) = – cosec h2 x VII
dx
d f(x) g(x) x
(xxiv) (sech x) = – sech x tanh x
dx d f ( x) d d
d = f ( x) / [g ( x)]
d g ( x) dx dx
(xxv) (cosech x) = – cosec hx coth x
dx dy dx
VIII . = 1
d 1 dx dy
(xxvi) (sin h–1 x) =
dx 1  x2
5.
d 1
(xxvii) (cosh–1 x) = , x > 1
dx x2  1 5.1
d 1 x y
(xxviii) (tanh–1x) = , |x| < 1
dx 1 x2 f(x,y) = 0 y( x)
d 1 y( x)
(xxix) (coth–1 x) = 2 , |x| > 1
dx x 1 x( y)
d 1 x3+y3+3axy + c = 0, xy+ yx = ab
(xxx) (sech–1 x) = – , (0< x < 1)
dx
x 1  x2
d 1 :
(xxxi) (cosech–1 x) = – , x0
dx
| x| x2  1 (i) y x f(x,y) = 0
d
(xxxii) (eax sinb x) = eax (a sinb x+b cos bx) x
dx
(ii) dy/dx dy/dx
= a 2  b 2 e sin (bx + tan b/a)
ax –1

d : f (x,y) =
(xxxiii) (eax cosb x) = eax (a cosb x–b sinb x)
dx dy  f /  x
=
= a b2 2 eax cos (bx + tan–1 b/a) dx f / y
f f
f(x,y) x y
4. x y

d : f (x,y) x
I [kf(x) ]= k d/dx [f(x)], k
dx f(x,y) x
d
II [f (x)  f2(x)  f3 (x)  ....] = d/dx y
dx 1
[f1(x)]  d/dx [f2(x)]  d/dx [f3 (x)]+ ..... 5.2
d
III [f(x).g(x)] = f(x)d/dx [g(x)] + g(x) d/dx [f(x)]
dx
d f ( x) LM g ( x) d / dx [f ( x)]  f ( x) d / dx g( x)
OP
IV =
dx g ( x) N Q g( x)
2

V
(i) x
'y' 'f' f' 'x'
[f(x)] g(x)

y = [f(x)]g(x)
dy dy dt
= . log y = g(x) log [f(x)]
dx dt d x
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 1 dy d
. = g(x).log [f(x)]
y dx dx
dy d RS UV
= [f(x)]g(x). g ( x) log f ( x) (i) a2  x2 x = a sin  a cos 
dx dx T W (ii) x2  a 2 x = a tan  a cot 
5.3
(iii) x2  a 2 x = a sec  a cosec 
ax
(iv) x = a cos 2 
ax
;
a2  x2
(v) x2 = a2 cos 2 
a2  x2
(vi) ax  x 2 x = a sin2 
x
(i) sin–1x + cos–1 x =  / 2 (vii) x = a tan2 
ax
(ii) tan–1 x + cot–1x =  / 2 x
(viii) x = a sin2 
(iii) sec–1 x + cosec–1 x = /2 ax

(iv) sin–1 x  sin –1y = (ix) bx  agbx  bg x = a sec2  – b tan2 

sin–1 LMx 1  y  y
N –1
2
1  x2 OP
Q
(x) bx  agbb  xg x = a cos2  + b sin2 

(v) cos x  cos

–1 y =
5.4
LMxy  e1  x je1  y j OP
cos–1 2 2
N Q y, x
L x  yO dy/dx
(vi) tan x  tan y = tan
–1 –1 MN1  xy PQ–1

(vii) 2 sin x = sin

–1 FH 2x 1  x IK
–1 2
(i) y = f ( x)  f ( x)  f ( x).... 
(viii)2 cos–1 x = cos–1 (2x2 –1)
 y = f ( x)  y  y2 = f(x) + y
(ix) 2 tan–1x = tan–1
FG 2x IJ dy
H 1 x K 2 2y = f '( x)  dy / dx
dx

= sin–1
FG 2x IJ = cos–1 FG 1  x IJ 2

 dy/dx =
f '( x)
H 1 x K
2
H 1 x K 2
2y  1
(x) 3 sin–1 x = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) (ii) y = f ( x) f ( x) y = f(x)y.
f ( x )....

(xi) 3 cos–1 x = cos–1 (4x3 –3x)  log y = y log [f(x)]

F 3x  x I 3 1 dy y. f '( x) FG dy IJ
(xii) 3 tan–1 x = tan–1 = + log f(x) . H dx K
GH 1  3x JK 2 y dx f ( x)

(xiii) tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z = dy y 2 f '( x)

 =
dx f ( x) 1  y log f ( x)
tan–1
FG x  y  z  xyz IJ dy y f '( x)
H 1  xy  yz  zxK (iii) y = f ( x)

1 ... =
dx 2 y  f ( x)
.
f ( x)  1
(xiv) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1x. f ( x)  1
f ( x)

(xv) cos–1(–x) =  – cos–1 x.

(xvi) tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1 x or  – tan–1 x.

(xvii)  / 4 –tan–1 x = tan–1

FG 1  x IJ
H 1 xK
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