Listed nano materials

 Na Titanante.
 ZnO Nanowires.
 Graphene/Ethyl Cellulose composites.
 CuO.
Chosen Nano Materials.

 ZnO nano wires.

 Graphene/Ethyl Cellulose composites.
Graphene/ethyl cellulose composites properties
 These composites form freestanding and binder free electrodes for flexible
superconductors.

 They have excellent flexibility, good specific capacitance and power performance and
excellent cyclic capabilities.

 They are versatile and may be used for flexible and portable micropower devices.

 The related polymer composites have been used as soft electrodes for flexible
batteries and super capacitors, due to their high tensile strength. However,
macroscopic graphene-based assemblies combining high electrical conductivity,
electroactivity, and strength are needed for high performance Poly-SCs.

 The abundant functional groups on cellulose fibers can provide strong interactive sites
to bind Graphene Nano sheets(GNSs). As a result, GNSs cover the cellulose fibers
and are distributed through the macroporous texture of the filter paper to form a
conductive interwoven network.

 The cellulose fibers can significantly absorb electrolyte and act as electrolyte
reservoirs to facilitate ion transport.

 It exhibits mechanical properties even in high moisture conditions.

ZnO nano wires properties
1. Luminescent property

ZnO exhibits a direct band-gap of 3.37eV at room temperature with a large exciton energy of
60 meV. The strong exciton binding energy, which is much larger than that of GaN (25meV),
and the thermal energy at room temperature (26meV) can ensure an efficient exciton
emission at room temperature under low excitation energy.

As a consequence, ZnO is recognized as a promising photonic material in the blue–UV

region. Single-crystalline ZnO nanowires have been synthesized using high temperature VLS
growth methods. PL spectra of the ZnO nanowires were measured with a fluorescence
spectrophotometer using a Xe lamp with an excitation wavelength of 325nm at room
temperature. Three emitting bands, including a strong ultraviolet emission at around 386 nm
and a very weak blue band (440±480 nm) as well as an almost negligible green band
(510±580 nm), were observed.

2.Photoconductivity

Ultraviolet light irradiation of the nanowire diode of SnO2 in air is observed to result in a
significant increase of the conductivity. Light with a wavelength of 350 nm (Eλ = 3.54 eV)
was used, exceeding the direct band-gap of SnO2. The increase in the conductivity results
from both photo generation of electron–hole pairs as well as doping by UV light induced
surface desorption. These processes could be observed by introducing a shutter between the
light source and the SnO2 nanowires so that the flux of UV photons could be turned on and
off.

3.Field effect transistor

Field effect transistors have been fabricated using individual nanowires . Large bundles of
either SnO2 or ZnO nanowires were dispersed in ethanol by ultrasonication until mostly
individual nanowires were isolated. These ethanol dispersions were dried onto a SiO2/Si
substrate for imaging by non-contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). SnO2 field
effect transistors were fabricated by depositing SnO2 nanobelt dispersions onto SiO2/Si(p+)
substrates; this was followed by treatment in an oxygen atmosphere at 800◦C for 2 h. The
SiO2/Si substrates were then spin coated with PMMA, baked, exposed to electron-beam
lithography for the definition of electrode arrays and developed. A 30 nm thick layer of
titanium was deposited by electron-beam evaporation to serve as the source and drain
electrodes and the remaining PMMA was lifted off in hot acetone.

4. Tunable electrical properties

The conductivity of a nanowire can be tuned by controlling its surface and volume oxygen
deficiency. Before electrical measurement, SnO2 nanowires are annealed in 1 atmoxygen
environment at 800◦C for 2 h. Without this treatment, the as-produced nanobelts exhibit no
measurable conductivity for source–drain biases from−10 to 10 V and for gate biases from
−20 to 20 V, while after this treatment the SnO2 nanobelts exhibit considerable conductivity.
By further annealing of the devices at lower temperatures in vacuum, oxygen or ambient the
electrical properties of the nanobelts can be tuned. After annealing the SnO2 devices in
vacuum at 200◦C, the nanobelt conductivity is observed to increase along with an associated
negative shifting at threshold voltage. Smaller, additional increases in conductivity are
observed after additional vacuumanneals. Eventually, the nanobelt behaves like a metal with
the gatefield being unable to affect the current flowing through the device.

5.Thermal conductivity

Heat transport at the nanoscale is a very interesting and technologically important area. With
the reduction of object size, phonon modes and phonon densities of states change drastically,
resulting in unusual thermal transport phenomena in mesoscopic systems. Theoretical
investigation of thermal conductance in a one-dimensional nanowire predicted a quantum
effect at very low temperature. Experimental measurement has proved the prediction.

Thermal contact micropads have been fabricated using a lithography technique. The thermal
conductivity of the nanowires is significantly suppressed in comparison to that in the bulk due
to increased phonon–boundary scattering and modified phonon dispersion. This size effect
can lead to localized heating in nano electronics, but may find potential use in improving
thermoelectric performance.

6.Nanowires as nanoresonators

Another key quantity in the application of the nanowire is its bending modulus. This quantity
have been measured using a technique developed for carbon nanotubes. On the basis of the
electric field induced resonant excitation, the mechanical properties of individual nanowire-
like structures can be measured by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Using this
method, mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and silicon carbide–
silica composite nanowires have been obtained.

Nanowires can be effective nanoresonators exhibiting two orthogonal resonance modes,

which can be used as probes for SPM operated in tapping and scanning modes.

REFRENCES

[1] Dulub O, Boatner L A and Diebold U 2002 Surf. Sci. 519 201

[2] Lao J Y, Huang J Y, Wang D Z and Ren Z F 2003 Nano Lett. 3 235
[3] Tasker P W 1979 J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 12 4977

[4] Dulub O, Diebold U and Kresse G 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 016102

[5] Gao P X and Wang Z L 2003 Nano Lett. 3 1315