Chebyshev Lowpass Filter

Chebyshev Lowpass Filter

ChebyshevIfilters
y
Haveequiripple responseinthepassband
ChebyshevIIfilters
Haveequiripple responseinstopband
Butterworthfilters
Havemonotonic
H i responseinbothbands
i b hb d
Wenotethatbychoosingafilterthathasanequripplerather
thanamonotonicbehavior,wecanobtainaloworder filter.
ThereforeChebyshevfiltersprovidelowerorder than
Buttworthfiltersforthesamespecifications.

P.Mahalakshmi 2
 Themagnitudesquaredresponseof
ChebyshevIfilter
h b h fl
1
| H a ( j ) |
2
N istheorderofthefilter,

1 T
2 2
Epsilon isthepassbandripplefactor
c
N

cos( N cos 1 ( x)), 0 x 1

TN ( x) 1
NthorderChebyshevpolynomial
cosh(cosh
( )), 1 x
( x))

(a) For0<x<1,TN(x)oscillatesbetween1and1,and
((b)) For1<x<infinity,T
y N((x)increasesmonotonicallytoinfinity
) y y
FigureonP.314(twopossibleshapes)
Observations:P.315

P.Mahalakshmi 3
 Observations

Atx=0(or=0); |Ha(j0)|2 =1;forNodd;

=1/(1+epson^2);forNeven
Atx=1(or= c); |Ha(j1)|2= 1/(1+epson^2)forallN.
For0<=x<=1(or0<=<= c)
|Ha(jx)|2 oscillates between 1 and 1/(1+epson
1/(1+epson^2)
2)
Forx>1(or > c), |Ha(jx)|2 decreases monotonically to 0 .
At x= r, |Ha(jx)|2 = 1/(A^2).

P.Mahalakshmi 4
 Causal and stable Ha(s)
CausalandstableHa(s)

To determine a causal and stable Ha(s), we must find the poles of Ha(s)Ha(-s) and
select the left half-plane poles for Ha(s).
The poles of Ha(s)Ha(-s) are obtained by finding the roots of

s
1 T
2 2

j c
N

Itcanbeshownthatif pk k j k , k 0,1, , N 1
arethe(lefthalfplane)rootsoftheabovepolynomial,then

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pk k j k , k 0,1, , N 1
(2k 1)
k (a c ) cos
2 2 N
(2k 1)
k (b c ) sin
2 2 N

a
1 N
2
1/ , b
N
1 N
2

N 1/ ,

1 1
1 2

P.Mahalakshmi 6
The poles of Ha(s)Ha((s)
ThepolesofH s)

Thepolesfallonanellipse withmajor
axisbc and minor axis a c .
Now the system function is

K
H a (s)
( s pk )
k

Lefthalfplane
K isanormalizingfactor
P.Mahalakshmi 7
 Design Equations
DesignEquations

Givenp, s, Rp and As, three parameters are required to determine a Chebyshev-I filter

100.1Rp 1, and A 10 A / 20 s

s
c p , and r
c Function
g ( A2 1) / 2 [b a]=afd chb1(Wp Ws Rp As)
[b,a]=afd_chb1(Wp,Ws,Rp,As)

log g g 2 1
N


10

log
l 10 r 2r 1 Example 8.6
Example8.6

P.Mahalakshmi 8
 ChebyshevII
Chebyshev IIfilter
filter

RelatedtotheChebyshevIfilterthroughasimpletransformation.
Ithasamonotone passbandandanequiripple stopband,whichimpliesthatthis
fil h b h l
filterhasbothpolesandzeros
d i h
inthesplane.
l
Thereforethegroupdelay characteristicsarebetter (andthephaseresponsemore
linear)inthepassbandthantheChebyshevIprototype.

1
| H a ( j ) |
2

1 T c /
2 2
P.MahalakshmiN
1
9