STEPS:

No. STEPS Flow Future Notes

 After teaching the short vowels, teach him the

consonants except: c, k, q, x

 Teach only the hard sound of /g/

 Teach him only the /s/ sound of s and not the /z/
The five short vowels and all
1 consonants spelled by single  Teach him only the consonant y and not the vowel

letters.  Once mastered, give the student the sound of /k/.

Tell the student that before a,o,u, this sound is
spelled c, but before e and I, it is spelled k.

 After a short vowel, the /k/ sound is usually

spelled ck.

 Those at the end of the word is easier than those

at the beginning of the word

ft lk lm lp lt mp
nd nt pt sk sp st

 Teach the rule about the letter s

Consonants and consonant
2 combinations spelled with 2 or 1. After the consonants f,k,p, and t, it sounds /s/
3 letters 2. After all other sounds it becomes /z/

 Teach these consonant combinations:

ng nk x sh
  Teach consonant combinations at the beginning of
words:
bl br cl cr dr fl fr gl gr
pl pr sc sk sl sm sn sp st
sw tr tw scr shr spl spr str

 One way to teach the combinations above is to

give him words that become other words when a 2nd
consonant is put in front: lapslap, ringbring,
rugdrug, etc

 Teach some other consonant sounds and

combinations at the beginning of words:

qu wh soft th hard th ch

 Explain why /ch/ is spelled ch at the beginning and

tch at the end.

 Practice reading two-syllable words i.e. basket,

redskin, frosting, lemon, napkin, rabbit, chicken

 Teach the /ee/ sound which spells both ee,ea, and

e (he, be, me, she, we)

 Teach the long and short /oo/ as in moon and

spoon
Vowels and vowel
3 combinations spelled with 2 or
 Teach the /ah/ sound as in car, park, lark, pa, ma

3 letters  Teach the /or/ sound as in lord, fort, born

 Teach the /er/ sound as in bird, hurt, her

 Teach the /oi/ sound as in oil, boil, toy, boy.

 <Explain that it is usually oi inside a word and oy at
the end>

 Teach the /ou/ sound as in house, cow. It is

usually ou inside and ow at the end.

 Teach the /au/ sound as in Paul and raw. It is

usually au inside and aw at the end.

 Teach the /ai/ sound as in air, pair, fair. It is

usually spelled ai inside and ay at the end.

 Teach the long /i/ sound as in pie, dry, my, shy. It

is spelled ie or y.

 The long /o/ sound as in boat, toe, blow, go, so,

no. It is usually spelled oa,oe,ow, or simply o.

 Teach the long /u/ sound as in new, true, blue. It

is usually spelled ew or ue.

 The best way to teach is to show the effect of a

silent e added to a word.

 In other words, teach him to read and write:

fad fade
pet pete
pin pine
rob robe
cut cute

4 The five long vowels  Teach the final ing rule. This syllable makes the
vowel long (rating, baking, filing) unless the letter
before it is doubled as in bedding, shipping,
trapping, humming.

 Teach the final y rule. The vowel is long(lady,

 rainy, handy) unless the consonant before it is
double as in nutty, sunny, foggy.

 Teach the ending ed again with the double

consonant rule as in matted, rugged, robbed

 Teach the final er and le as in rubber, trigger,

settle, middle.

 Teach the following:

a. ce as in rice
b. ge as in age
c. se as in cheese
d. the as in loathe

 Teach words in sion and tion

 Teach ight, ought, caught
Irregular spellings  Teach silent k in knife
5  Teach silent w in write
 Teach silent t in whistle
 Teach silent l in calf
 Teach silent g in gnu