Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thonney CH 3 and Richardson
Thonney CH 3 and Richardson
• The intended audience influences the claims, evidence, and vocabulary found in an
academic argument.
• Relies on appeals to pathos, ethos, and logos.
Types of claims
• Observation: summarize what the writer has learned through reading, observation, or
research.
• “Various factors [in the published research] relate to the accuracy of eyewitness identification. The
factors include…”
• Interpretation of Evidence or Research: interpret what the writer has studied or observed.
• “I will argue that women writers produced some of the nineteenth century’s most intellectually
serious, politically radical, and artistically innovative prose.”
• Call for Action: state the writer’s opinion and call on readers to take action.
• “Major investment in our infrastructure is essential if the United States is to maintain our way of
life and our leading position in the global economy.”
Pathos