STRESS

Stress is the internal tensión which all bodies experience when one or more forces are applied to them

It tries to stretch the body they act on.

TRACTION
E.g. A catapult, the cables on a suspension bridge, a rubber band

We see when this forces try to crush or compress a body

COMPRESSION
E.g. legs of a table, the columns of a bridge.

TYPES OF

STRESS BENDING This is when forces try to bend the body they act on.

E.g. the bar in a wardrobe

This is when forces try to twist the body they act on

TORSION
E.g. It appears when we sharpen a pencil, or key to open a door

We use this force to try to divide something

SHEARING OR CUTTING E.g. when we cut a sheet of metal

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MAN-MADE STRUCTURES

They were carved from rock or built by stacking rocks

Massive structures

E. g. The Mayan or Egyptian piramids.

Lintels To Make windows or open spaces. E.g. in Greek Temples

They are formed with arches and vaults using stones

Vaulted structures E.g. aqueducts, basilicas, cathedrals

They are made from bars, normally metal or wooden.

Triangular structures E.g. The Eiffel Tower,

They use cables, called suspenders

Suspended structures E.g. fasten bridges, antennas and towers

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STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS

There are three conditions for a structure to work well.

Stability The capacity of a structure to remain upright and not fall over.

A structure’s centre of gravitiy must be centred over its base to be more stable

The capacity of a structure to bear the tensions that it’s subjected to without breaking.

Resistance It depends on the material used to build the structure

To prevent deforming we can use:

Rigidity Triangular structures or add crossbracing using cross cables.

Use thick elements, to avoid buckling

Make rigid joints using corbelling and steel rebar frameworks.

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 Columns

Vertical elements Pillars

Pilasters

Beams

Horizontal elements Joists

Lintels

Arches

Arches and vaults

Vaults

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EJERCICIO 1

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EJERCICIO 2

Stretching or bending Bending or traction

SOLUTION

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EXERCISE

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EXERCISE

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