Mp lKeJhKO Kanyhepoanh UDK: 1(38)

<PUJI030<pCKU <paKyJITeT Ilpernennn qJIaHaK

HOBU CaJ( IIpuMJbeH: 27. VI 2006.
BIBLID: 0553--4569, 52 (2006), 9-10, P 693-706

AHAKCIIMAH)l,POB anepuou

Pe3UMe

Aymop y mescmy pasuampa pa3JlUIJUme npucmyne jeouuou CaIJy6aHoM

AHaKcUMaHop060M dipaeueumy, KOjU ce UCm06peMeHO cuampa U np6UM nucauuu
oOKyMeHmoM y ucmopuju sanaoue qnuosotpuje. CJlUIJHO «ao U y T(]JleC060M cnyuajy,
ZJla6HU U360P sa U3YIJa6a1he cmaeoea 060Z MUJlemCKOZ MUCJlUOl1a npeocmaensa
Apucmomenoea saocmaeuimuua. HaUMe, uaxo ce y CaIJy6aHUM Cmaeupanuuoeuu
OeJlUMa ua Anaxcuuanopoeo UMe lIaUJla3U cauo uemupu nyma, 3HamHOje eehu 6poj
uecma ua «ojuua ce ynyhyje UJlU anyoupa ua MUCJlUOl1a U3Jouuje. Aymop ucmpaocyje
uoeyha oopeheiea l<lbYIJIIOZ nojua Auaxcuuanopoee qnaosoqruje TO arreleov, «oja ce
ZeHep(]JlIIO ZJleOWIO «pehy 00 moza oa je aneupou "HeULnlO usuehy" (TO /heTa;U UJlU TO
/h8(]"OV) eneuenama. 00 moza oa je OH "MeLUa6UHa" (/hI'Y/ha) C6UX eneueuama. J!.UJleMe
«oje ce oooamuo meuamusyjy cy U oa JlU je aneupou neuimo tumo je "npocmopHO
neoepanuueuo" UJlU je na« netumo tumo je "K6aJlUmamU6f10 neoopeheuo". KOHaIJHO,
ua ApUCmOmeJI060M mpaey, aymop je aH(]JlU3UpaO U oa JlU je Anaxcuuanopoeo "OliO
HeOZpaHUIJeflO" uucmo MOIiUCmUIJKO HaIJeJlO UJlU je, tiueajyhu cepcmau y epyny
rjJUJl030rjJa sajeouo ca EMneOOKJlOM, Anaxcazopou U J!.eMOKpUmOM, Anaxcuuauoap
jacuo cumyupau xao Helm KO nuje 6ULUe uozao zoeopumu 0 jeonou uaueny ceeza.
Saxn.ywa« KOjU aymop U3600U je oa je, 6e3 otisupa na ueooyuuue U necnazatea Me~y
nOm01hUM «ouenmamopuua OKO npupooe aneupoua, U36eCHO oa Anaxcuuanopoeo
,,0110 HeOZpaHUIJeHO" mpe6a uumepnpemupamu «ao meap U cepcmamu ea y zpyny
m36. uamepujanuux Y3pOKa.

Kn.y-u«: peuu: Anaucuuauoap, arrenpon, Apucmomen, HaIJeJlO, npaeoa, naxuaoa,

meap, uamepujannu Y3POK.

OTKpUBlllU npno HaqeJIO csera UuMeHyjyDu ra xao BOJ(y, Tanecy je onpanaaao

npnnana CJIaBa npsor <pUJI030<pa y UCTOpUjU rsyncxor pona, rj, penyrannja
"pOJ(OHaqeJIHUKa '" <pUJI030<puje" (aeX'T}'YO~ CPIAo(]"ocpfa~, Mem. 9836 20-21).
Anaxcnaannap je, nnax, npan <pUJI03O<p aa xora ce ca asnecnourhy MO)l(e pehn J(a je
neurro nanacao, na TaKO U npau ayrop OJ( xora nocroje canysaaa nacann TparOBU.

693
 llE,ll.ArolllKA CTBAPHOCT LIT, 9-10 (2006), Honn CaA

Jenaa jelJ.I1HI1 <pparMeHT KOjl1je npeocrao 113 AHaKCI1MaHlJ.pOBe 3aOCTaBWTI1He 6110 je

y MI1HYJII1M BeKOBHMa npenver novaor I1CTpmKHBatIKOr pana 11 rraxose. ITo Bnacrocy
(G. Vlastos) TO je He casto najcrapaja, Hero H HajKoHTpoBep3HI1jl1 TeKCT y tIl1TaBoj
rrpecoxparcxoj <pI1JI030<pl1jl1. KI1PK pasaarpa KOjl1 cy lJ.OMawajl1 11 I1MOJII1Kar~l1je
AHaKCI1MaHlJ.pOBOr <pparMeHTa, rperapajyhn OBO rnrratse xao jenno 0lJ. -rernpn rOTOBO
KJIaCl1tIHa npofinesta y paayveaarsy MI1JIenaHI1HOBe 3aOCTaBWTI1He. EapHC (1. Barnes)
zran,e, rnprut na.je TO 11 OpBH <pparMeHT KOjI1 n0lJ.CTJ1lre aa anCTpaKTHO 11 MeTa<pI13114KO
MI1WJbeIhe. HI1WTa MaIhY naaosy Hl1je 3aCJIY)J{I1Bao HI1 nojav aneupou, sa xora
BI1HlJ.eJI6aHlJ. (W.Windelband) Ka)Ke na je MeTa<pI13I1tIKI1 nojaa, re zta cy nacrojaa,a
MHJIenaHa 3a OlJ.peqHBaIheM jelJ.I1HCTBeHor OCHOBa CBeTa cKpeHyJIa 3HaHOCT 0lJ.
I1CTpmKl1BaIha tIHIheHHl~a xa OHOM WTO ce rrOCJIe Ha3BaJIO rrojMoBHI1M MI1WJbeIheM.
C. )l{YIhHn je, 3aTHM, 3a6eJIe)J{HO na ce K0lJ. AHaKCHMaHlJ.pa pe-r a:rrct(!Oli rro npBI1 rryT
jasrsa xao nojan, WTO ce BHlJ.H H 113 IheHor OOHMeHl1tIeHOr 06JII1Ka ca tIJlaHOM cpeznser
P0lJ.a (TO), I1lJ.OlJ.ao zta OBlIM nOHMeHl1tIaBaIheM npnneaa "HeOrpaHHtIeHO" <paKTHtIKI1 11
3anOtIlII-be <pI1JI030<pCKl1je3I1K y npaaov CMI1CJIY re petIH.,n:a He COOMI1IheMO H oc06eHH
Xajnerepos (M. Heidegger) nplIcTyn ,,113peU:1I AHaKClIMaHlJ.pa". Xajnerep He cavo WTO
TBplJ.lI zta je AHaKCHMaHlJ.pOB <pparMeHT "HajcTapHjl1 <pparMeHT sarrannor MI111IJbeIha",
Hero ra je cav 11 rpernpao xao npBI1 lICKaJ rpnxe MI1CJIH y CMlICJIY OT004HIhaIha
<pHJl03o<plIpaI-ba xao MlIHIJbeIha 61ITKa. 3aTO 11 HI13 6HTHI1X MHCJIHJIau:a KOjl1 lfHTaBoj
npecoxparcxoj eOOXI1lJ.ajy H3Y3eTHO MecTO y uenoxynaoj HCTOpHjH sarrannoesponcxe
<pHJI030<pHje, rpefia, no IheMy H na sano-rae ca AHaKCHMaHlJ.pOM, a He ca TaJIeCOM
KOjl1, no OBOj nrrreprrperannja, BHIlIe H He MO)J{e COalJ.aTH y <pI1JI030<pHjy. Xajnen
(W. A. Heidel) sa AHaKCHMaHlJ.pOB <pparMeHT jelJ.HOCTaBHo xazce na OH, y crsapa,
npencraan,a lJ.OKTpHHY KOCMHlfKe "opaBlJ.e H 0lJ.Ma3lJ.e". Hyc6aYM (M. C. Nussbaum)
KOHalfHO 6eJIe)J{H lJ.aje pelf 0 npaov <pHJI030<pCKOM 'rexcry y xojer« je xopnurhen nojaM
npasne, rrOIlITO y MeTa<popHlfKoj OpHMeHI1 OUKe na KOCMHlfKe npouece OH nnycrpyje
BeOMa )J{HBonHCHO y urra je CBe OUKe, y JbYlJ.CKHM np~BHHM H MOpaJIHHM CTBapI1Ma,
HHBOJIBHpaHa H IlITa CBe MQ)Ke na np0I13BelJ.e xao nOCJIelJ.I1lW
rOTOBO CBe UlTO lJ.aHaC noceztyjevo 0 AHaKCI1MaHlJ.py, CJII1tIHO xao I1 xana je
Tanec y rurrau-y, MaIhe lIJII1 BI1We I13paBHO ce OCJIaIha na Apl1CTOTeJIOBe 3a6eJIeWKe.
ITpeU:113HI1je pe-reno, HI1AHaKCMMaHlJ.ap, HI1TI1 AHaKCI1MeHHe nOMI1IhY ce HMKOlJ.jelJ.HOr
ayropa npe ApMCTOTeJIa.1 ITelJ.aHTHI1 anarnrru-rapa cy i'136pojaJIMlJ.a ce y u:eJIOKyoHoM
ApI1CTOTeJIOBOM xopnycy ua cauo lfeTI1pI1 MeCTa HaI1JIaJI1 na AHaKCHMaHlJ.pOBO I1Me.
Hnax, KOMeHTaTOpI1 ce yrnasnoa cnazcy ztaje 3HaTHO seha 6poj <pparMeHaTa y KojI1Ma
ApI1CTOTeJI, 6e3 nOMHIhaIha HMeHa, Y3HMa y 063HP I1 ucrpaacyje OCHOBHe CTaBOBe
ArmKCHMaHlJ.pOBe qmJI03o<pCKe KOHu:eOU:l1je. aBO HMOJII1U:HTHO OOlJ.pa3YMeBaIhe
y Be3H ca AHaKCIlMaHlJ.pOBHM MHCJIHMa je LUI1POM OTBOpl1JIO spara pa3HOp0lJ.HIlM
I1HTepnpeTaU:HjcKHM npacrymnra y OOTOIhHM BeKOBHMa, xoja cy KYJIMIlHHPaJIll y
seky KOjHje sa HaMa.
Ha CJIelJ.enH HalfllH HaM CIlMOJIIlKllje npeuocn osaj, KaKO ra MHOrH aanrsajy,
npBH <pparMeHT y ncropaja arrru-rse, aJII1 H He caxto anra-nce, <pHJI03orlmje (Simplic.

1 ITrraTOH, KOjIl crtovnn.e Tarreca, mrrne He ronopn 0 ocranoj ABOjll1{1I Mnrrehana, na srarc HC npann HII anyanje
xoje 6I1 eaetrryanno yrryhnaane na 1b1lX.

694
Mp )l(CJhKO Kanyhepomrh: AHAKCI1MAH)J;POB AllEPI10H

Phys. 24,13, ,n;KI2A9):

A,WKCUMaHoap, Ilpaxcujaooe (CUH), Jt p,ell rrea~la3ou MIArjITlO~ eaAou

Munehanun, TaJleC06 cn.eotienu« U
y'JeHUK, pexao je oa je aneupou noueno
u eneueum tiuha ynompujetiueuiu npeu
mo UMe sa noueno. Ka:JICe oa OHO uuje HU
600a uumu tumo opyzo 00 UMeH06aHUX
eneueuama, ueeo uexa opyza 6ecKoHa'lHa
npupooa U3 «oje uacmajy C6a uebeca U
cejemoeu y /bUMa. 2
yellop,ello~ 3la3oxo~ xai p,a:J-'YjTn~ aexnll Te
xa] (J"TOIXeIOll e;e'Yjxe TOW OllTWlI TO a7TeleOll,
rreWTO~ TOUTO TOUlIop,a xop,/(J"a~ Ti;~ aexi;~.
Myel 3' aVTnll p,nTe u3we p,nTe aMo TI
TWlI xaAoup,ellwlI eTval (J"TOlXe/wlI, aM'
iTeeall TllIa rpU(J"llI arreleOll, e~ n~ arrallm~
y~e(J":J-at TOU~ oveallou~ xai TOU~ Ell aVTol~
XO(J"P,OU~'

lI:a 611 l..(eJII1Ha 611JIa nospurena TeK y OHOMe WTO je Xepvaa ,[(I1JIC (H. Diels)
HyMepl1cao xao aYTeHTI14HI1 )l,eo caaor cPparMeHTa (,n;KI2l> 1):

Auaxcuuanoap ... je peKao ... oa je
aneupoH noueno tiuha '" U U3 ueea 6una
uacmajy y mo ucmo U nponaoajy no
nyotcuocmu. Jep OHa no peoy epeueua
nnahajy Ka3HY U ootumemyj eoua opyeuua
360z uenpaeoe.'
A.... aexnll .... e;e'Yjxe TWlI OllTWlI TO
arreleOll .... E~ 011 3e 0 yelle(J"/~ E(J"TI TOI~
OO(J"I, xai Tnll rp:J-oeall ei~ mum Y/lIe(J":J-al
xaTa TO xeeWlI' 3,3ollal yae aVTa 3/x'Yj1l
xai T/(J"llI aMnAOl~ Ti;~ a3Ix/a~ xaTa Tnll
Toii xeollOu Ta~f)/.

KOJII1KO je anexsaraa npeaon Ba:>KaH saWTO 60Jbe pasyaesan,e crmca najpannjax

cPl1JI030cPa jeztsa na je norpefino aarnamaaarn, re CMaTpaMO yrrYTHI1M )l,a naseneao
11 npeocrane npesone AHaKCI1MaH)l,pOBor cPparMeHTa na Haw jeaux. Ilpeson M. H.
'hypaha je cnenehn: .Tlonerax 11 rrOpeKJIO CTBapl1 jecre 6eCKOHal.J:HO ... AJII1 rne je
CTBapl1Ma 113BOP, TY 11M je 11 ysop rro Hy:>KHOCTI1. Jep jenna ztpyroj najy npasny 11
uaxtrany 360r csoje HerrpaBI1l.J:HOCTI1 rro npecynu apevena.?' Haw rr03HaTI1 KJIaCI1l.J:ap
M. Mapxonnh na cnenehn Hal.J:I1H rrpesozm MI1JIenaHI1HOB cPparMeHT: " OHO 113 -rera

2 T1pCB. }:(. Canonex. X L(I1JIC, Ilpeocokpamoeuu dipaeuenmu I, Hanpajea, 3arpe6 1983, CTp. 78, A9. HeM. H31\.
H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s.83, A9. Haw rrpeaon OK. K.) oaor
nena (pparMeHTaje: "AHaKcHMaHJ~ap, Ilpaxcnjanoa [CHH], MHnenaHHH, TaJIeCOB CnCI\6eHHK 11 Y'leHHK, mja-
BHO je na nascno 11 eJICMCHT 6HnajecTeOHO HeOrpaHH'IeIlO, ynOTPe6HBwH npnn raj nspaa aa naseno, 011 KIDKe
na IIH sona IIllTH lIeKH npyrn 01\ TaK03BaIlHX enevenara [TO IIHje], Bennexa npyra neorpamrsena npapona, H3
KOjC uacrajy CBa uefieca xao HCBeTOBH y IhHMa".
) T1pcB. L(. Canorrex X. L(Hnc, Ilpeocoxpamoeuu qipaeuenmu T, Hartpujcn, 3arpe6 1983, CTp. 85. <pp. Ill. HeM.
H31\. H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, c.89, Ill. T1peBol\)I(. K. nracn:
"AHaKcHMaHl\ap .. Ha'leJIO ...pexao naje 6Hnaono HeOrpaHH'IeHO ... 113 'Iera, naxne, 6Hnanacrajy y TO Hnpo-
nanajy no HY)KI\H. Jep OHa jenna I\pyrnMa najy npaBIIY HHaKHaAY 360r HenpaBeI\HOCTH, no pCI\Y npevcna".
KHpK HPanen nmny na cy CHMnJIHKHjeBc pe-nrnecyvn.ano HaBOI\H H3 rtprtxasaTeodipacroae HCTOpHje pannje
cPHJI030<pHje, HTO m CerMCHTa a MaTcpHjannoM uancny,Tj. rreei aexik, G. S. Kirk, 1. E. Raven, The Presocratic
Philosophers, Cambridge 1957, p.lI7. Hnase, TO arrOleov rraj-reurhc ce npeBOI\H xao "OHO HeOrpaHH'IeHO" HJIH
xao "OHO 6eCKOHa'l1l0", HJIH cc nanpocro OCTaBJba xao mo aneupou. Poe ra na eHmeCKH npcnocn ca "the
indefinite", a IlOHHtl ua lIeMa'iKH ca "das Unendlichc". fl.rrOleo, ce JOIII npesona xao "HeoMeljeH", ,,6ecKpajaH",
"I1eH3Mepall", .fiesfipojan"; ,,6e3orsopa"; "HcHcKycall", a arre(ewv xao ,,6e3rpaHH'laH".
4 M. H. 1'JypHn, I1cmopuja xeneHCKe emUKe, 3aBOl\ 3a yu6eHHKe HlIaCTaBHa cpel\CTBa, Ileorpal\ 1990, CTp. 106.

695
 IlE)J,AroWKA CTBAPHOCT LII, 9-10 (2006), HOBH Can

ICBel crsapn nacrajy, y TO H nponanajy, no Hy)KHOCTH; jep OHe jenaa zipyroj rrnahajy
npasenay xasay H 0,I:\Ma3,I:\y sa csojy HenpaBe,I:\HOCT, no peny apesreaa".' E. ITaSJIOBHn
ra npeSO,I:\H: "OHO H3 -rera CTBapH aacrajy y TO H nponanajy no Hy)KHOCTH, jep OHe
jezma npyroj nnahajy npasenay Ka3HY H 0,I:\Ma3,I:\y sa CBOjy HenpaBHqHOCT no pezty
speaeaa''.' C. )J{YfbHn TO qHHH OBaKO: "vb onora y qeMyje 6HBCTByjynHM (crsapnva)
H3BOP, y TOMe HM je H ynnp, no Hy)K,I:\H. Jep OHe jenua npyroj najy npaB,I:\y H HaKHa,I:\y
360r HenpaSHqHOCTH, no peny speaena".? Eso H ,Z:(HJICOBOr npeaona na HeMaqKH
jeanx: .Anfang und Ursprung der seienden Dinge ist das Apeiron (das grenzenlos-
Unbestimmbare). Woraus aber das Werden ist den seienden Dinken, in das hinein
geschicht auch ihr Vergehen nach der Schuldigkeit; denn sie zahlen einander gerechte
Strafe und Buf3e fur ihre Ungerechtigkeit nach der Zeit Anordnung"." KOHaqHO,
Bapneroa npeson na eHmeCKI1 je311K rnacn: "And into that from which things take their
rise they pass away once more, as is meet; for they make reparation and satisfaction to
one another for their injustice according to the ordering of time".?
KaKO CHMOJIHKHjeB HaBO,I:\ (,Z:(KI2A9), TaKO H CJIHqHJI (Pseudo) ITJTyTapxoB
()l;KI2A 10) H XHnOJIHTOB ()l;KI2A 11), npaencraeno saance O,I:\ Teodipacroaor cnnca
Muen.a tpucuuapa, qHjH CTaBOBH ce, oner, yrnaanov ocrran.ajy na cavor ApHCTOTeJIa.
ITpHJIHKOM mrreprrperanuje CHMnJIHKHjeBor HaSO,I:\a ncxpcaaajy nexe ,I:\HJIeMe VI
mrrarsa. PeQHMO, ,L(aJTHje AHaKCHMaH,L(ap rtpsa xojn je ynorpefino pelJ aexi) KaKO ce TO
,I:\a HaCJIyTHTH H3 npesona KOjH je ,I:\ao C. )J{yfbHn, H KaKO TO cyrepmny HeKH MO,I:\epHH
MHCJIHOQH. IO ,Z:(aJIH Myje OH,I:\a TeOcPpaCT jour npH,I:\O,I:\aO (nojxry aexi)J H nojau O'TOIX8/OlJ,
He 6H JIH na raj ynoTnyHHo Ben 3HaHy nepmrarera-rxy TepMHHOJIOmjy.ll MO)K,L(a je,
nnas, Bapner y npaay xana nOCJIe,I:\fbH neo cPparMeHTa )l;K 12A 9 npeaozm TaKO zta
HCOa,I:\He naje AHaKCHMaH,L(ap, y crsapa, 6HO npsa xoja je ynorpefiao HMe aneupon tui
03HaqH MaTepHjaJIHH y3pOK?12 Ycrtyt CBe nerapajyhn TBp,I:\fbY nspexeny KO,L( XHnOJIHTa
()l;KI2A 11 3-5) H rronoarseny, y CJIHqHOM TOHy, KO,I:\ CHMrrJIHKHja (Phys. 150,23),,L(a
je AHaKcHMaH,I:\ap 6HO rtpan KOjH je OHO rronneacehe Ha3BaO nanenov. HalJHH ua KOjH
je Eapner npeseo OBO MeCTO yxasyje HaM ,I:\a, rro fbeMy, H OHO rpefia ,I:\a ce CXBaTH TaKa

5 M. MapKOBHn, FLORfLEGJUM PHfLOSOPHUMGRAECUM, Hay-rna KlhHra, Beorpan 1951, CTp. 13.

6 13. ITaBnoBHn, Ilpecoxpamcra MUcaO, IIA.ATD, Eeorpan 1997, CTp. 56.
7 C. )/{YIhHn, "AHaKCHMaH):Iap H 3a'lCTaK CBponCKC qlHn03oqlHjc", y: cPw1030rpcKU eoouuauax 3. Beorpan 1990,
CTp. II.
8 H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker l, Weidmann 1985, c. 89. 3a oaaj npenon (sao H sa CIIH-
qaHHWICOB (F. Nietzschej), Xaj):lcrcp,jc cvarpao na y CBOM npBOM neny aCOQHpa na IPH3HKaJIHO-KOCMonomKH
acnexr, !10K CC Y !lpyroM !ICIlY MO)f{C pCIiHna npeonnahyje MopaJIHo-npaBHH cxnrcao. Cnaramr CC HIlH HC ca
OBaKBHM upncrynov, ocraje 'lHH,CHHQa J"(a je AI1aKCHMaHJ1POB qlparMcHTJ1HrjJCPCHI1Hpan ua JjBC jC3H'lKH XC-
rcporeac PC'lCHHl"(C. 0 TOMC UIHpC rmure C. )/{YlhHn, "AHaKCHMaH):Iap H 3a'ICTaK CBponCKC qHIJI03orPHjC", y:
rPUJl030¢CKU eoouuuea« 3, Eeorpan 1990, CTp. 13.
9 J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p. 52.
10 MHcnH CC, JjaKaKO, na yuorpefiy PC'lH aexo? y CMHCJlY (PHJl03orjJcKor nojaa "na'lcJlo". To TBPIlH H3MCijy
ocramrx H Xeren. f. B. <l> Xeren. Hcmopuja ¢UJlow¢uje J, 13Y1f3, Bcorpan 1975, cTp.43.
II To MHCIIH Imp. Jerep. BHJjH: W. Jaeger, The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers, Oxford 1967, p.
24-28.
12 J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p. 52.

696
Mp )J{eJhKO Kanyhcpoaah: AHAKCRMAHJ\POB AJTEPI10H

,I:(a je AHaKCHMaH,I:(ap, 3aHCTa, 6HO npsa KOjH je O,I:(pe,I:(HO OHO nonneacehe onpexa xao
MaTepHjanHH y3pOK.
EKcnnHQHTHe HaBO,I:(e zra ce KO,I:( AHaKCHMaH,I:(pa Hana3HO y yrrorpefin TepMHH
afj:d, rra MO)l(eMO ,I:(O,I:(aTH H IJ"TOIX810V,13 He mpe6a caC6UM UZHopucamu «ao uimo cy
IleKUaymopu mo 'IUltWlU. CaC6UM je uoeyhe oa cy DlIUy AHaKCUMaHopo6o oo6a 6WlU
y ynompe6u, aJIU, no l/aA1Q, npe ceeza y fbUX060M ceaxuoauueeu HerjJWlo30pCKOM
suauetey. Ilaxne, afjxn y cMHcny "OTrrO'lHfbafba", nesera UlTO je "O,I:(BajKa,I:(a",
uexor "Kpaja" HnH esenryanao "Bna,I:(afba". A IJ"TOIX810V Y CBOM H3BOpHOM cMHcny
xao "Ka3aJbKa" HnH "cnOBO anrpafiera". MelJYTHM, nojaosn afjxn H (TTOIX8IOV (xao H
Imox8f{uvov) cy roTOBO je CHrypHO rrosnajer rrnaTOHOBCKor HnH apncrorerroacxor
nopexna H Mano je sepoaarno na cy 6HnH y cneQHcPWIHO cPHn030cPCKoj ynorpefin y
npecoxparoscxoa nepnoriy. Cno n.a rnenano TO ce na perHCTpOBaTH H y Indexu xojn je
nartpasuo KpaHQ KaO rpebn TOM ,l.I,HncoBHX Ilpecokpamoeaua. Behnna cPparMeHaTa
me ce nojaarsyje afjXn HOCH 03HaKY A 11 npnnana T3B. ,I:(OKCorpacPcKHM H3Bop11Ma.
Cano HeKonHQHHa je osnaaeaa ca cnOBOM f) (naaopaa cPparMeHT11), npextna H OHH Y
HeKOM cM11cny MOry 611T11 ,I:(OBe,I:(eHH y CYMfby.14
rperia ,I:(O,I:(aTH, na aKO ce 113 Cmmn. (Phys.150, 23) H MO)J(e 3aKJbY'lI1T11
OBOMe
,I:(a je AHaKCI1MaH,I:(ap nao OHOM nonneacehea (Tj. aTrElfjov-y) HMe afjxn, H3 npyra ,I:(Ba
rpparveara, CHMIlrr. (AK 12A9) 11 Xnnrron, (JJ:K 12A II) MO)Ke ce yTBp,I:(I1TH npyraxaja
CTaB: AHaKCI1MaH,I:(ap je 6110 raj KOjl1 je npsn OHO afjXn nasaao arr8IfjOV-OM, KaKO HaM
cyrepnure Canones y CBOM npesony cPparMeHTa AKI2A9, UJTO HMIlrrl1Ql1pa ,I:(a je
aneupou, a He apxe OHa pel{ xojy je ynorpefin.aaao AHaKCI1MaH,I:(ap.15
Tpaareu.e onor je,I:((I1HCTBe)Hor xoje CTojH H3a MHOlllTBeHOCTH cPeHOMeHamlOr
CBeTa, He 3Ha'lH ,I:(a AHaKCI1MaH,I:(ap naje YBa)KaBaO OHO lllTO ce osnasaaa xao
cPyH,I:(aMeHTanHa upra rpxxor MI1111Jbefba, xoja je 11 Mana H nyry H nenornopny HCTOpHjy;
pes je, nanve, 0 noj MY npavapnux onpexa." Ho, fbeMy je je,I:(HaKO TaKO 6Hrro rr03HaTO
H ,I:(a je cyK06 OB11X onpexa 611Jla aeocnopna 'lHfbeHHQa y rrpHpO,I:(I1, 0 'leMy rosopn
H Apncroren y Phys.204624-29, He cnoMHfbynH unxora no HMeHy, ann BepOBaTHO
MHcrrenH aa AHaKCl1MaH,I:(pa:

lJ Ilpcvna cc nanac H3 CHMnllllKHjcBor H3BeliITaja cne xctnhc 1l36a1lyje pe-r cmouxeuou, KaKo 3601' n.error eBH-
AelITHO nomnjcr rropcxna, TaKO H 360r IbeHC nccarnacnocru ca YCllOBOM na cc aneupott He MOlKe CBeCTIl na
HeKIl OA eneaenara.
14 W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker Ill, Weidmann 1987, s. 75-77.
15 0 OBOj npoonevamu» cy, OCHM 1I0MCHyTHXMHCllllllal(a, nHCaJTH jour H Jerep, Tarpn, MeK ).:(HapMIlA, Xajne.r H
KaH. VI aKO HH AO ztauac neva nC1pllHHTHBHor peureu.a y cnopy OKO rora "Aa nn apxe aa aneupou HllH aneupou
sa apxe"; MH CMO 360r H3PC4CHHX CYMlbH Y MorynllocT Anaxcauannpoaor xopnnrhen.a apuxea xao qnillmoc]>-
cxor 1I0jMa, na cTalloBHlIITY KOjCje 6J111lKe npyroa nony OBe AHlleMe.
16 0 TOnllOM H xnannoa, CyBOM H Blll\)I(HOM Y paHOM rp'lKOM MHlIIlbelbY 3aHHMlbHBC oncepsauaje Mory cc npo-
HanH KOAJ10jAa (G E. R. Lloyd). Vidi: G. E. R. Lloyd, "Hot and Cold, Dry and Wet in Early Greek Thought",
p. 255-280, y: D. 1. Furley, R. E. Allen, Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I, New York 1970.

697
 IIE,ll;AfOWKA CTBAPHOCT LIf, 9-10 (2006), HOBH CaA

Jep noemoje HeKU «oju mo nocmaen.ajy
«ao 'HeOZpaHU'leHO', a He spate WlU eooy,
«axo ocmane He 6u pasopuna OHa 00
npameapu xoja je 'ueoepauuueuo '. OHe
HaUMe uuajy onpesuocm jeoua npeua
opyeoj, na je ua npuujep spate xnaoau,
eooa eJla:JICHa, oean. epyh; a Kao 6u 00 mux
jeouo 6WlO ueoepauuueuo, ocmane 6u eeh
6WIe nponane. OeaKO KaJlCY KaTW je uetumo
opyzo OHO U3 ueea ey me npameapu."
EiITi 'rae TtVE<; of' TOUTO tiotoiot TO arrEe/OV,
aM' ovx aEea 7) iJ3we, w<; fJ-n TtiMa
cpJefe'Y)Tat vrro TOU arrefeou aVTwv' [XOUITt
'rae rreo<; aM'Y)Aa 6VaVTIWIT/V, olov 0 fJ-8V
ane !/;uxeo<;, TO 3' iJ3we v'reov, TO 38 rrue
JEefJ-OV' Jiv Ei ijv ev arrEteov, [cpJaeTo, av
?i3'Y) TtiMa' vuv 3' BTEeOV elval tpaatv 6g
03 TaUTa.

a TOM cyK06y ce rosopa H y OHOM zteny Aaaxcauannpoaor rpparwerrra xojn

ce aecnopno csrarpa ayTeHTwIHHM: .Jep OHajeznra ,l:(pyrHMa najy npasny H naxnany
360r HenpaBe,l:(HOCTH, no peny BpeMeHa".18
Ilpernocrasxa" ,l:(a je AHaKCHMaH,l:(ap HeHMeHOBaHH MHCJlHJlalJ, 0 KOMe je y
OBOM nacaacy H3 WU3uKe pes, HMa yrtopnurre He cavo y HaBe,l:(eHHM CHMrrJlHKHjeBHM
fieneuncava, Ben H y ,l:(pyrHM He3aBHCHHM H3BOpHMa. TI03HaTo je ,l:(a je 6apeM y npsoj
rerreparmjn Jon.ana, aKO He H y ztpyroj, nOMHfbaHO nocrojaa.e jezme on onpesa y neo-
rpaHHlleHOM H3BOPy csera. aBO je eBH,l:(eHTHO y crrysajy AHaKCHMeHOBor aepa, jep
nonnexeha npnpozta He caao IlITO je jenaa H neorpana-rena, Hero xao naseno 6M.na
"H3 fbera (saszryxa, npan. :>K. K.) CBe nacraje H y fbera ce oner CBe paanasce'?" (6X 'rae
TOVTOU rravTa 'r1'{'VEITJat xal Ei<; aVTOv rraAtV avaAvEITJat) (.n:K 1352). CJlHllHO ce zta YOllHTH
H xana Kcenotpan y 28. <jlparMeHTY rro ~HJlCOBOj nyvepanaja xazce: .Fopn.y rpammy
3eMJbe Y3 csoje BH,l:(HMO nore, osreheny spaxov; ,l:(Ofba nax cexce y 6eCKpaj"21 (Kyp3HB
HallI, rrpHM. :>K. K.) ('ral'Y)<; fJ-8V To3E tteioa; avw rraea ttoaaiv oeaTat i)ie/ rreOCTTrAa(OV, TO
17 ITpCB. T.J1aAaH. ApIlCTOTCJI, <PU3U1<a, J1116cp, 3arpc6 1988, CTp. 70, n. 204624-29. Poe cxtarpa Aaoaaj HaBOA
norsphyje ztaje pC'I0 AHaKclIMaHAPY, jep ce ronopn 0 jCAHoM OA IbCroRHX apryvcnara sa rrocrojan,e aneupo-
ua xao onora UITO CC paamrxyje OA CBIIX OCTarrHX CTBapH osora CBcTa. W. D. Ross, Aristotle s Physics, Oxford
1998, p. 549. Eapner norsphyje ry TC3Y II AOA~ic naje jacuo Jlaua OBOM MCCry AHaKcHMaHAap crojn nacynpor
Tanecy HAnaxcnveuy, HapaBHO 360r IbHXOBor rroumr.an,aBOAC Haasnyxa xao Ha'ICJTa. J. Burnet, Early Greek
Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p.53.
18 Osaj cyxoti HC 3Ha'lll zta,sa AHaKCIIMaIlllpa, nnp. narpa He MO)[Ce HaCTaTII1I3 BOIlC (OIlHOCIlO TOn!UlHa 113 BJTarC,
UITO ce MO)[(C RHACTH HKOIl Taneca), IfJTH ce lTpCTBOpHTII y BOIlY, xao U1TO TO Ka)[(C HCIfMnJTIfKlfjc (Phys.24.21).
ORaKRO nacrajan,e CC ofjannsaaano rtpexo nma nocpCI~HHX CTMHjyMa H Y3aCTOlTHHX npC06JTHKOBalba. A
CTaJIHO nacrynau,e HY3MHI~albe TOlTJTOr IIcyaor; OIlHOCIlO xnaznror IIBJTm[(IJOr; lTO MHofHMajc 611JTa ounrncmra
anyanja na lTCpMaHcHTHy If ~HKJTH'IHY CMCIIY ronmnn.nx Ao6a.
19 Ka)[(CMO nperrrocraaxajep lTOCTOjC ayropn xojn uernpajy OBaKBC ruprm.c, norryr 4cpHHca (H. Cherniss) KOjlf

je no, H1-Ia'lC cy3Ilp)J(aHoj, erunuoronennja Bpumanusa ayrop jenae 0Jl.llBC najyruuajnnjc Klblfre nanncanc 0
ApllCTOTCJTy TOKOM '1IfTaBor XX RCKa. 4CpHHCOBO oll6a~IfBafhc 3aCHOBaHO jc na TC3H na je TO y CTBapH .rrpe
cnera ApHCTOTCJTOB apryMCIIT 0 Hy)[(HOM CKBlfJTII6plljyMy 1f3MCijy OlTPC'IHIIX CIlJTa". H. Chcrniss, Aristotle s
criticism ofpresocratic philosophy, New York 1964, p.76.
20 Prcv. D. Salopek. H. Dils, Predsokratovci fragmenti T, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983, str. 91,82. Nem. izd. H. Dicls,

W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s.95, 82.

21 Prev. 1. Kastelan. H. Dils, Predsokratovci fragmenti J, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983, str.134, 828. Nem. izd. H.

Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker J, Weidmann 1985, s. 135,828. Aristotcl u spisu 0 nebu
(CaeI.294a22-23) parafrazira Ksenofanovu tczu slcdccim recima: &rr' arr&leov aUTnV eeetl;w(J'!J-a,l.

698
Mp )l{eJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCHMAH):(POB AllEP110H

X(l,rW 3' e~ a/rreleO)) /X))eITaI) (nonanaxen,e je Hallie, npMM. )J{. K.). TaJleCOBa B0iJ.a rasohe
Mopa 6HTH 6eCKOHal.JHa y CMMCJlY Y KOMe M KceHOcPaHOBa 3eMJba Tj. H OHa Mopa "ce-
3aTM y 6ecKpaj" 360r xera je MMJlenaHHH H "H3jaBJbHBaO na 3eMJba Jle)J(H ua BQ.JJ.H"22
(310 xat Tn)) 70)) eq;' u3aTo~ a/rreq;i}))aTO d))al) (Mem. 9836 21-22), iJ.0K caxra BOiJ.a anje
HMaJla HHl.Jer llITO n.oj nOiJ.Jle){(J1. Ilpeva TOMe, AHaKCHMaHiJ.ap je nopnuyha 6eCKO-
Ha4:HOCT csaxoj 0iJ. onpexa Ha4:HHHO OTKJlOH y OiJ.HOCY na yofinvajeae CTaBOBe CBOjHX
3eMJbaKa. AKO YBffiKHMO BepOiJ.OCTojHOCT apryaeurauaje H3 epU3uKe 2046 24-29,
OHiJ.a je MorynH pasnor TaKBOM M3Y3eTKY ocnrypaa,e yjeiJ.Ha4:eHOCTH H pasnoreace
H3Meljy HaBeiJ.eHHX orrpexa,
Ilonarax iJ.a cy KJbYl.JHe KOMllOHeHTe KOCMoca ncrora panra H craryca jecre
HellITO llITO HMa nyry Tpap:Hl.(Hjy y p:peBHHM KOCMOJlOmjaMa H KOCMoroHHjaMa. Y XV
KlbH3H Hnujaoe (CTp. 186-195), 3JlOBOJbHH Ilocejnou YIpHP:H xoja My p:OHOCH nopyxy
0iJ. 3eBca p:a ce OKaHe fioja onrcsapa na cy 3eBC, Xan H OH jennaxo 4:aCHH jep, "CBe
ce na rpoje pasna, 11 CBaKH p:06Hje snany'' (Hn. XV, 189), nonajyh« HellITO xacauje
"Kap:a OH 6paTa lbeMy H anauihy pasua H rrpason yCYP:H ce na rpnn H speha npensana
rlheBHHM"23 (1i7. XB, 209-210). Ilocejnon je jezmaxo 4:aCTaH (op,OTlp,O))) ca 3eBcoM,
jep je paanonpasan ca lhHM Tj. jenaax My je onpehen neo (iO"Op,OeO))). Kon Xecnona
raxohe ,,3eMJba je nonajnpe nopozmna jezmaxo ce6H He60" (Teogonija, 126-127),
a pacrojan.e H3Meljy He6a H 3eMJbe je MCTO OHOJlHKO KOJlHKO je pacrojan.e H3Meljy
3eMJbe H Taprapa (Teogonija, 719-725). Osne M3Jla3H na BHp:eJlO onaj ranann ocehaj
Xeneua sa caverpajy H MHlllJbelbe y BpCHHM reoaerpnjcxaa OKBHpHMa, xoje Mopa
6HTH BHP:JbHBO H na nahana xoje cy .jezutaxocrpane" KaKO ce npnnoaena y Oouceju
(XI, 508), ann H aa MYP:poj, H36anaHcHpaHoj naMeTH xoja je .jenaaxa" (00. XI, 337).
AHaKcHMaHiJ.poBa KOCMOJlOmja je ynpaso na TOM PYKOBop:eneM 'rpary nynor CMHCJla
sa CHMeTpHjy ca jezmaxourhy xao JlajT-MoTHBOM. KaKO Aernje npeHOCH AHaKCH-
MaHiJ.ap ce llOMHlhe sajenno ca AHaKCHMeHOM, Apxenajesr, KceHOcPaHOM, ,Il;HoreHoM,
Jleyxanon, ,Il;eMOKpHTOM H EnHKYpOM xao 3arOBopHHK y-ieu.a 0 ,,6e36pojHHM CBeT-
OBHMa" ca CBaKe crpane osor jenner CBeTa (AeT. Il, I, 3), a KJbY4:Ha paamnca xoja ce
nOMHlbeje y TOMe WTO cy no Ernrxypy pacrojan.a H3Meljy THXCBeTOBa nejennaxa, p:OK
je AHaKCHMaHp:ap pexao zta cy CBH CBeTOBH ca jeznraxav Meljyc06HHM yp:aJbeHOCTHMa
(Aet. IT, I, 8)24. Pacrojaisa H3Meljy 3eMJbe, asesna crajaxnua, Meceua H CYHl.\a raxohe
cy jezmaxa (Hippo\. Ref I 6, 5; Aet. II. 20, 1 HIT. 21, I). ,Il;aJbe, 3eMJba H CYHl.\e cy je-
p:HaKH (Aet. n. 21, 2), rj, rtpeuasuuje rosopehn pen je 0 TOMe na je npouep Kpy)KHHX
22 Prevo Z. Kaluderovic. Aristotel, Metafizika, Liber, Zagreb 1985, str. II, par. 983b 21-22.
23 Ilpeu. M. H. 'hypnh. XOMep, Hnujaoa, Ilpocncra, Beorpan 1968, CTp. 362-363, XV nenarsc, CTHX 186-195;
209-210. Erk. .T. U. Faesi. Homers, ILIADE, zweiter band, Berlin 1858, s.87-88; 89, IJl./ALlOE 0, 186-195;
209-210. Ilpenon T. Mapernhajour amue uarnamaaa jennaeocr Kpouoae HPejmre AeI..\C: .Harpoje CBe nOAH-
jeJIHB 3aJ\06HCMO jenuaxn AHO"; "f)l,je011 onora xolie rta JbyTHM pHjc'IHMa np 'jeha I Kojnje jennase BJIaCTH H
jenuax My onpeheu AHO".
24 EBO Tor MeCTa (Act. Il, I, 8): TWV rLTCc;~OV, rLTCO'fJ?JvafLivwv TOU, XOlIfLOV, AvaS;fLav(J~o, TO /IIOV aUTOU, rLTCiXEIV

rLM~)'wv, 'ETC;XOV~O, aVllIOV elval TO fLorasu TWV xOlIfLwV (JUZIIT?JfLrL. MOAH!pHKoBall rrpeaonC. Illhenanonah rnacn:
"On OHHX KOjH cy Ka3HBaJIH 0 6eCKOIIa'lIlHM cBeTOBHMa Auaxcnvannap je TBPAHO na cy OIlH jenuaxo ynan.eu»
jennn on npyrnx, a Ennxyp na je pmMaK H3Meljy CBeTOBa nejennas". Opnranan je rrpeyscr H3 Eapnerose
xn.are . .T. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p. 59.

699
 ITE):{AfOUIKA CTBAPHOCT LIl, 9-10 (2006), HOBII Ca.L\

orsopa CyHlJeBHX npcreaosa KOjH rsope BH,I.(JbHBO Cynue jezmax nposrepy 3eMJbe.
,nBa BeJIHKa xormeaa npocrpancrsa na 3eMJbH, A3Hja H Espona, KOHalJHO, cy jezmaxa
xao H zme BeJIHKe pexe (HHJI H Hcrap) xoje 'rexy H3 HCTe y,l.(aJbeHOCTH H npeceuajy
J1H6Hjy H Espony no Cpe,l.(HHH najeztaaxe ,l.(eJlOBe. 25 YCKJla,l.(HTH OBaKBe reanemmje ca
jenuaxourhy onpexa xoje KOHCTHTyHllIy osa] KOCMOC MO)[{e 6HTH y ,l.(IlBHoj xapaonnja
ca l.l,eJIOKynHHM nOMHlbaHHM KOHl.l,emOM. Apryuenr na KOjH HaHJIa311MO y Phys. 2046
24-29 BO,l.(11 Hac npexo OBllX pacjJHHl1paHI1X uacnyhaaan,a ,1.(0 rOTOBO cjJll3HKaJIHOr pe-
30HOBalba, jep, nO,l.(CeTI1MO, aKO 611 jenna 0,1.( onpexa 611J1a neorpaaaxena, OHa He 611
cauo nopeaernna apXHTeKToHwIKy eneranunjy LII1TaBe KOCMOJIOrl1je, Hero 6H H yu-
CTI1HY .pasopnna'' OCTaJle onpexe." 3aulTo je TO TaKO? 3aTO IlITO, 6apeM HaM TaKO
rrpenoce CalJyBaHH H3BOpl1, OHe "je,l.(Ha npyrnaa najy npaany H HaKHa,l.(Y", rta aKO 6H
jeznra 0,1.( lbHX 6HJIa 6e3 rpaanua ztpyre smne He 6H Morne ,l.(a je orpann-re, 6HJIO no-
jenaaasno 6HJlO y KOM6HHal.l,HjH, 3601' BJlaCTHTe HMaHeHTHe OMetjeHocTH.
OHO IlITO CBaKaKO He CMeMO 3a60paBI1TI1 je, ,l.(a xao IlITO roBOpH 0 OHOM neo-
rpaHHlJeHOM, AHaKCHMaH,I.(ap H rexren.ae onpexe ofienexcaaa ca 'lJlaHOM r]. xao "OHO
TOnJlO", "OHO xnanno", "OHO CYBO" H "OHO BJIW<HO" (Simp\. Phys. 150, 24,,ll;K 12A9).
Onpexe, sa isera, HHCy 6HJIe csojcrsa ue-rera, Hero cave CTBapH. "OHO TOnJlO", npy-
raxnje pe-reno, HHje 6HJlO TOnJIHHa y CMHCJIy, KaKO cy TO KacHHjl1 aYTopH CMaTpaJIH,
nexor arpnoyra KOjH ce rrpnnonaje HeKOM 6HBCTBy. DOHMeHHlJaBalbeM npanena, a TO
ce lJUHU ,l.(O,l.(aBalbeM ouora TO ncnpen peva, koje je 'lJIaH U ysex je ,l.(eMOHCTpaTHBHa
°
3aMeHI1l.l,a, ,l.(0611jaMo roaop "OHOM TOnJIOM" xao HelJeMY no ce6uY
AHaKcUMaH,I.(ap HHje BO)'.(y, HHTH 6HJIO xojy npyry BH,I.(JbHBY CTBap paanarpao xao
OHO IlITOMO)Ke 6HTll OCHOBa csera ztpyrora. OH je nasmrao BeJIHKll xopax aarrpen THMe
urro je nOCTaBT10 rreurro Herrepl.l,enTH611JIHO, neurro Malbe onpeheno II orpamt-reno rro
xapaxrepy, aeurro 0,1.( 'lera je CBe zrpyro, II KaKO ce HajlJeliine cvarpa, cexynztapna Ma-
HHcjJeCTal.l,Hja llJIll MO,l.(HcjJHKal.l,Hja, H xoje je ,l.(06HjeHo nponecov H3,1.(Bajalba. ApHCTOTeJI
°
y Phys. 2036 15 H ,1.(. roBOPH ner pasnora na OCHOBY KOjHX np0I13HJIa3H "Bepa y ro na
nocrojn aeurro ueoepauuueuo". Y TeMOOpaJIHOM CMHCJlY, cxrarpa OH, a;TrEleOV Cl1ryPHO
sacrryscyje zta ce HmOBe "HeOrpaHH'leHHM" HJIH ,,6eCKOHaQHHM". AHaKCHMaH,I.(ap xaace
(HIIll' ApHCTOTeJI TaKO MHCJIll, Phys. 2036 13-14) na je H:,erOBO HaQeJIO ,,6eCMpTHO H
nenponaztnnao" (a3'avaTo~ xa; avwAE3'eOV). Ilpeva rapmsava XHrrOJIHTa OJ:KI2I>2)
npnpona Tor rranena je H "BeQHa" H "HeCTapllBa" (6JJlOv xa; drflew). OBaKBe 03HaKe,
Ha-paBHO, MO)[{e I1MaTH caxro neurro UITO je pa,l.(HKaJIHO npyrasnje 0,1.( caera npyror y
nocro-jehea CBeTy, H raxohe ,l.(06po nnycrpyje Bennovenyta 3HalJelba nasena, y Kojl1Ma
je OHO TpeTHpaHO H xao naipaanie cratse CTBapH If xao rpajna OCHOB T-bIfXOBOr rrocro-
25 aBOje aacnosano na npetnocraeua naje reorpaqmja "JolbaIm" na KOjy lIaHJla3HMO KOLI Xep0.L\OTa tHcmopuja 1,
lV 36 i If. 33) eBHJ\CHTIIO 6aUITHII,Clla on Arraxcaxrannpa, nocpCLlCTBOM Xexarcja, H ztajoj jc narnacax najenna-
KOCTH, CJTWIHO rnpznr H Jerep ([[AI1J7EI1A, Kn.roxcnua 3<\jcLlIIHl\a HOBor Carta, HOBH CaLI 1991, CTp. 92, H 93).
26 KaKO 113mCLla BC3a "ncnpaBLlC"H "LlecTpyKI\l1jc" BHI\JLHBO jc H H3 EpHKCHMaXOBe 6CCC,llC y Ilnaroaonoj r036u
(188a-6), rnc mnne na xana CC EpOTYLlPYlKH ca npcxotnhy 011 rranjanaaa ronnnm.a Ll06a, na "Oll,lla OIlC cynpor-
1I0CTH MIIoro ymrurranajy H nanpase f'OJlCMy U1TCry." l1pCB. M. H. 'bypnh. ITJlaTOII, r036a, EMf3, Ecorpan
2000, CTp 73, n.188a-6.
27 Hero CC MOlKC pehn u sa ocrane onpcsc. Tpc6a lIamaCHTU Llaje Anaxcuvannap U OllpCKC pasyucnao xao
TBapH, a IIC cavo aneupou.

700
Mp )J{eJhKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCI1MAH,L(POB AflEPlfOH

jan.a. Apxe CBHX CTBapH cauo He MO)f(e HMaTH apxe, n04eTaK, jep 6H TO Hy)f(HO 3aXT-
esano HOBO apZ1e ao uiubuuumyu. A OHO uno HeMa apxe, a HeMa HH sasputerxa,
H TaKO
je aneupou, jep .n.a HMa apxe rana 6H UMano H rpannuy (Phys. 20366 H zt.).
Jour naa 3Hal.JeH:.a "HeOrpaHHl.JeHOr" neMo nOMeHyTH, a y Be3H ca l.JHH:.eHHQOM
.n.aJTH cy rparmue xoje nenocrajy MHlllJbeHe xao cnorsaura.e HJTH xao ynyrpaura,e. AKO
je TeJTO orpamr-teno crtorsa TO Mopa 6HTH 360r neser npyror; MHCJTHO je ApHCTOTeJT
(Phys. 2036 20-21). 113BaH rpaanna nexor TeJTa Mopa, 3Ha4H, 611TH aeurro lllTO HHje
OHO cavo. Basca H 06pHyTO, TeJTO xoje je neorpanaseno y OBOM cMHcrry cnencrseno
TOMe Mopa ce npOTe3aTH 6eCKOHa'!HO, HrrH 6apeM neonpeheno, y npocTOpy. Kon Aernja
(LJ:K 12A 14) a:rrc1eOJ/ ce pasxrarpa na osaj KBaHTHTaTHBHH Ha'!HH, ,,3aTO lllTO nocrojehe
paharse nnurra He nponyurra". AKO cy onpexe H, HapO'!HTO, crroseeanja Terra xoja cy
o.n.H:.HX nacrana y nenpecranov necrajarsy, sa o'reKHBaTH je zta H:.HXOBO "CKrra.n.MlllTe",
O.n.HOCHO "pe3epBoap" H3 xojer CBe HOBO nacraje, a TO je "OHO HeOrpaHI14eHO", 6y.n.e
neurro HeHCQprrHO H 6eCKOHa'!Ho. 28 Koacraryjvo na apHCTOTeJIOBCKa mrrepnperannja
CBaKaKO cyrepnure na je pes 0 aesesry KBaHTHTaTHBHO roJIeMOM H aeonpeheaov, xoje
29
CJIy)f(H sao cPH3HKanHH pesepsoap caera, a najnpe onpe-nurx KBaJIHTeTa.
Y .n.pyroM CMHCJTy a:rrc1eOJ/ j e MHlliJbeH ca rrpBeHCTBeHO yrryrpaunsmr rpannuana
na yMy, Tj . na 03Ha411 4HH:.eHI1QY .n.a HHKaKBa upra He MO)f(e 6HTH nosysena 113Meljy
ziena H nena ynyrap ueJIHHe. Pes je .n.aKrre 0 He4eMY nrro je na ynyrpaum,u Ha'!I1H He-
orpannseno rj. 0 He'reMy UlTO je neonpeheno y BpCTH. 30
AHanH3HpajynH rracyc H3 $U3uKe 2046 22-29 MO)f(eMO BH.n.em zta, HaKO ApH-
CTOTerr onoauyje xnncreay 0 rrocrojatsy neorpamoreuor Terra, OH nnax ysaacaaa
AHaKCHMaH.n.pOBO ofipasnoscen.e 3aUlTO a7TeleOJ/ Mopa 6HTH KBaJTHTaTHBHO rreonpehen.
Pa3JTor KOjH ce naaona je cneztehn: aKO 6H "HeorpaHH'!eHO" 6HJTO H.n.eHTHcPHKoBaHo
ca BO.n.OM, easztyxon I1JTI1 sarpo«, OHO 611 360r nocrojan.a onpe-nrocrn Mefjy fhl1Ma
YHI1UlTHrro CBe npyre eJTeMeHTe, rj, He 611 HM HI1 .n.03BOrrI1JTO na ce yonurre Pa3BMjy.
3aTO aneupou Mopa 6rnH pa3JTI14rn ozr fhHX HJTH, KaKO TO ApHCTOTeJT yMe na xasce,
Mopa 611TH neurro "MHMO eneveaara" (TO 7Taea Ta fTTOIXcla) (Phys. 204623-24).31

28 ):(a arreteov 311a'lH "npoc-ropHO HcOrpaHH'ICHO," a HC "KllaJ1HTaTHBHO neonpehcno" cuarpa H Bapner. CJlH'lIlO
MIICJlII lIl.J:epHHc. ):(HJlC je y CBOM npCBOAY npsor !pparMcma ():(K 12E I) ys "das Apeiron" Y sarpann nonncao
"das grenzenlos-Unbestimmbare", IlITO 3Ha'lH OTnpHJlHKe "OHO ncorpatmncno - HeOApeJlJ!,I1BO". Xeren xascc
cnenehe: .Harrpenax KOjH je Y'lHfLCH THMe urro je IlpHHI~Hn onpeher: xao 6CCKOlla'lHO cacrojn CC y TOMe urro
allCOJlYTHO cyurracrno IlHjC BIIIlIC lleIJJTO npOCTO, neh je HCIIlTO IlCraTHBHO, OIlUITC, jCAHancraunja KOlla'lHOC
Eecxotranna UCJIOryllHOCT je ncnrro BHIlIC nero xana K3)J(eM: IlpHHUHnjc jCAIIOHJlH ono urro je npOCTO." r. B.
tl:>. Xeren, Hcmopuja tbunosotpuje I, 13Mf3, EcorpaAl975, CTp. ISS.
29 To ce BHAH H H3 Phys. 20366-8. ):(ann je raxo arreteOV 6HO onpehen H KOA AHaKCHMallApa APYroje rnrran.c.
Y fLCroBO BpeMC, aaure je MHUlJl,CfhC, TeIIlKO na je nocrojana TaKBa nojvomta 'lHCTOTa H3pmKaRafLa xoja 6H
npaaanajacuy H ourrpy rpaHHUY H3MCljy pa3HIIX nnjanca MorynHx onpehen.a "HeOrpallH'lellor".
30 Mana 6H y CKJlaAY ca nOCJleAILOM pe'lCHHUOM 113 nperxonue IpYCIIOTe MOfJIH OBaKO nOMHpHTH ABanoueayra
3Ha'lefLa aneupoua: MO)J(Aa all 311a'lH HCUITO !liTOje rrpocropno 6CCKOHa'lno, a !lITOyxn.yxyje H cvncao na jc
ono KBaJTHTaTHBIIO neonpehcno, IlOllITOHHje 1jJ0PMaJlHO HAelITHIjJHKoBallO HII ca BOAOM, 1111 ca Ba31\YXOM 1111 ca
HC'IHM 'rpehuv. AJlHjC Moryne Hnaje AHaKCHMaHAap HMaoy BHAY uajnpe HCIlITO llITOjc HCOApcljCHO Y BPCTII,
nonpasyvcnajyha na je 0110 cev Tara H HCOrpaHII'ICHe BCJlH'lHHe II rpajan.a.
31 11 CHMllJlHKHjC Y CBOM KOMCHTapy, y Phys.479,33, npmmcyje osaj paanor AHaKCIIMaHAPy.

701
 IlE;.:(ArOillKA CTBAPHOCT LIT, 9-10 (2006), HOBl" CM

qaK H OBaKBO onpehaaan.e aneupoua yxasyje ztaje Apncroren npernocraarsao

,lJ.a AHaKCHMaH,lJ.poBO "HeOrpaHH'IeHO" naxeno Mopa HMaTH aa HeKH Ha4HH HCKa3HBY
Be3Y ca T3B. eneMeHTHMa. CHCTeMaTH3yjyl'IH 6pojHe sapajaunje na OBy TeMy, xoje ce
nojann.yjy y ApHcTOTenOBHM cnacnxra, yTBp,lJ.HnH CMO zra ce a:rrE/(lOJJ MO)!(e TpeTHpaTH
na HajMaJhe ztaa Ha4HHa, xao WTO H CBaKH 0,lJ. OBHX Ha4HHa HMa3HaTaH 6poj KOM6HHa-
unja ynyrap ce6e. Hajnpe a:rrE/(lOJJ je "HewTo H3Meijy" (TO lJ,Em~U HnH TO fheq-OJJ) eneve-
nara H nOTOM OH je "MewaBHHa" (fhl'Yfha) CBHX enesreaara.
Y npsoj rpyrm pes je ysex 0 He4eMY H3Meijy nsa enevenra, a KO,lJ. caaor ApH-
CTOTena nocroje TpH KOM6HHaU:Hje y Be3H ca THM 0 KOjHM ce enevenraua paznr. Ilpso,
aneupou xao HeWTO H3Meijy sarpe H saanyxa nOMHJhe ce na cnenelun« MeCTHMa: Tll
3286 34-35, 332a 21; Phys. 187a 14; Mem. 988a 30. ):(pyro, xao HeWTO H3Meijy BO,lJ.e
H naanyxa na Hape,lJ.HHM MeCTHMa: Mem. 988a 13-14; 989a14; Phys. 203a 16, 203a 18,
205a 27; rl(332a 21; Cae!. 3036 12. Tpeha KOM6HHau:Hjaje xana ce aneupoH nojaarsyje
xao HeUlTO H3Meijy BO,lJ.e H sarpe (Phys. 1896 3). Behnna aHTH4KHX KOMeHTaTOpa
nornyno je rrpnxsarana craa naje ApHCTOTen npHnHKOM H3pHI~aJha OBHX resa MHcnHO
na AHaKCHMaH,lJ.pa. MHorH MO,lJ.epHH aYTOpH cy, H 360r OBe Tpo-cTpyKe H3MeHe eneue-
nara H3Meijy KOjHX ce "HeorpaHH4eHO" jasrsa, TBp,lJ.HnH na ApHCTOTen aa HaBe,lJ.eHHM
MeCTHMa, HnH 6apeM tra BenHHH 0,lJ. JhHX, najseposarnaje HMao aa yMy AHaKCHMaH,lJ.pa.
HH jenan ,lJ.pym aHTH4KH MHcnHnau: ce He nOMHJhe xao ayrop nOMeHyTHx CTaBOBa, a
AHaKCHMaH,lJ.pOBO "HeorpaHH4eHO" ce ,lJ.06po yxnana y nary cxeuy."
):(pyrH Ha4HH na KOjH ce finE/eOJJ MO)!(e paavarpant je xao MemaBHHa CBHX
enesreaara. Tparose TaKBOr paavarpan,a npOHana3HMO y Met. 10696 19-23 H Y Phys.
187a 20-23. 33
Ha npHMepy nacyca H3 Mematbusuxe rtaxo ce Y04aBa KaKO ApHCTOTen, HaKO
AHaKCHMaH,lJ.poBy H OCTane reopnje pasaarpa H3 ansype BnaCTHTor CHCTeMa Tj. xao
aHTHU:HnaU:Hjy concrsenor ysen.a 0 npaoj TBapH H Y3 novol; csor nojaosnor napa
MorynHocT-y,lJ.ejcTBeHoCT, ncnpaano ryMaLfH CTaBOBe CBOjHX npeTXO,lJ.HHKa, CmKHMaj-
ynH Aaaxcaropnae, EMne,lJ.OKnOBe, AHaKCHMaHL\pOBe H ):(eMOKpHTOBe MHcnH y jenny
pe4eHHU:Y xoja rnacn: "CBe CTBapH 6Hjaxy MO)!(HOwny, ann Heroenanrowny"34 (1)JJ 01l'OU
navra 3wafhE/, EJJEnEI?- 3' ou. Mem. 10696 23).
Apacroren je 6HO y ,lJ.HneMH KaKO ,lJ.a O,lJ.pe,lJ.H npnpony AHaKCHMaH,lJ.pOBor aneu-
pOHa. 3aTo je H seposao ,lJ.a Ka,lJ. Ben "OHO neorpaaaveao'' anje HeKH 0,lJ. rtojeznnra-
32 ,T(a je AHaKCHMaH~ap H3BpUIHO CTaHOBHTH yruua] na Crarnpamma noxasyjc HaM, H3Meijy OCTa.TJOr, KOH-
crpyxunja pcncmnte, xao Hynorpctin.cnc ljJopMynauHje y nacycy H3 Memadiusuxe 9836 8-11 (npen. )[c K.):
.Jep OHO on xcra cy CBa 6Hna, rtpno 011 -rera nacrajy H nocneznsc y nrra nporranaiy, '1eMy 6HBCTBO ocraje
ana ce Melba y CBojcTBHMa, TO je, KaJKy OHH, enexsetrr H Ha'leJJO 6Hna", KOjH HMa H3BeCHHX CJlH'IHOCTH ca
AHaKcHMaHlIPoBHM ljJparMeHTOM (,T(K12A9 H)l,K12EI).
J3 Kao H Simpl. Phys.154, 14 ()l,K12A9a). BHHlIeJl6aHlI nax xasccna "ApHCTOTenOBH HaBOllH anmc ronope sa

npeTnOCTaBKY nOCBe H3jelllIa'leHe Hcrora YrJIaBHOM HHlIHljJepellTHe cMjeceCBHX HCKyCTBCHHX TBapH." V Vin-
dclband, Povijest filozcfije 1. Naprijed, Zagreb 1990, CTp. 78.
34 Ham rtpcrtnor rrpcnozta: "CBe CTBapH 6cxy sajcnno MorynlloUIny, arnt IIC H ynejcrsenomhy''. JTMaH je y CBOM
npeBOAY H30CTaBHO npnnor o/kOV (,,3ajeAllO"). To UITO CTarHpaHHH y Mem. 10696 22 aa arrereov Ka)!{e na je
/k1'Y/ka. aeposarno 3Ha'lH na je OH cxrarpao .na cy y AHaKcHMaHAPoBoM aneupotty eJleMeHTH 6HnH npHcYTHH
cavo MoryliHornliy, a HeH ynejcrsenourhy.

702
Mp )KeJDKO Kanyheponrrh: AHAKCHMAH)J,POB AflEPl10H
---------------------------- ._--
l.JHl1X eneveaara, OH,lJ,a OHO MOpa 611TH HJIH HeWTO H3Meijy eneaenara HJIH fhl1XOBa
MewaBHHa. CaM CTarHpaHHH ce jow y Hel.JeMY ,lJ,BOyMHO: na JIH je AHaKCHMaH,lJ,ap
6HO l.JHCTH MOHHCTa HJIH nax He. Ha OCHOBy onora WTO nnure y Mem. 9886 22-23
(,,~aKJIe, CBH OHH KOjH nocrann.ajy C6e xao jeono H HeKaKBy jezmy uapas xao rsap"),
11 saarsa na je AHaKCI1MaH,lJ,pOB amleOV, l1aKO Hl1je 6HO nexa onpehena rsap, I1IlaK 6110
rsapaa, MOrJIl1 6HCMO 3aKJbYl.JI1TH ,lJ,a je MI1JIenaHI1H 6e3 cyMfhe 6110 QlHJI030<P KOjl1 je
IlOCTaBHO HeKO jenno xao Hal.JeJIo. 35 AKO, Cnpyre crpane, IlOrJIe,lJ,aMO MaJIOl.JaC IlOMe-
HyTI1 rracyc 113 Mematpusuxe (1069619-23), re aexe pesennne 113 c[JU31'Ke (l87a 12-
23), BI1,lJ,eneMo na ua OBl1M MeCTI1Ma Apl1CTOTeJl cnoramse AHaKCI1MaH,lJ,pa sajezrao ca
EMIle,lJ,OKJlOM, Aaaxcaropou 11 ~eMOKpI1TOM, ztaxne ca MI1CJll10QI1Ma KOjl1 sacnrypno
HI1CY BI1We roBOpl1JlI1 0 je,lJ,HOM aaserry csera.
Y Phys. 20366-15 Apl1CTOTeJl je pasnsojno Il03HI1je MI1CJII10Qe xoje sepoaaa,e
y O)l(J1BJbeHY casiortoxpehyhy 'rnap Hl1jesmne 3a,lJ,OBOJbaBaJIO, na cy ce xao EMne,lJ,OKJIe
11 Anaxcaropa KpeTaJIH xa nojay sacefiae noxperasxe CHJle, 0,lJ, OHI1X crsapanaua, fIO-
nyr MHJIenaHa, KOjl1 cy jow ynex 611JlH aa T3B. XI1Jl030HCTHl.JKOM cranajyay. Crarupa-
HI1HOBO cnrynpan,e AHaKCI1MaH,lJ,pa, TO jeer fheroBe KOHQenQHje aneupoua, Meijy OHe
<pI1Jl030<pe Kojl1Henosnajy HeKI13aCe6HH causa efficiens, nornphyje 11 crreneha Xl1nOJl-
HTOBa pexeaaua ()l;KI2A II):

OCUM moea (pexao je) (Anascuuanoap. 17Tf2 0C; 38 TOlmm XIV'y)(T/V 6-131OV elva», EV iii
npuu. JK. K) oaje «peman.e ejeuuo U oa (J'up,{3alvEI 'Y1vE(J';)-al TOUC; oUf2avovc;.
ce y 1t,eMY 36u6a uacmajanse uetieca."

Heva cyMfhe ztaje Te3a0 apxey AHaKCI1MaH,lJ,pa xao HelJeMY WTO je 611JlO y aes-
HOM xperan.y erJl1CTHpaJIa 11 360r sepoaaa.a na je rserono naxeno 611JIO Bel.JHO )[(I1BO.
1l0wTO je sa Tpxe rrojav )KHBOTa rtoztpasyveaao y ce611 11 cavoyspoxoaano xperarse,
TO je 3Hal.JHJIO na fheMy HHKaKaB crrorsanrrsn y3pOK naje HI1 6HO rrorpefian, HI1TH je
TaKaB y3pOK Morao 611TH 3axTeBaH. 37 ~aKJIe, H3nepcrrercrnae AHaKCI1MaH,lJ,poBe <pHJIO-
30<pl1je nocsrarpano, norpefia sa noce6HHM nOKpeTal.JKI1M y3pOKOM, xao H 3aXTeB sa
jacHI1M Pa3JIHKOBafheM xrarepajannor H e<pHQHjeHTHor yspoxa, 6HJll1 6H HeWTO WTO
611 rrpencraarsano nmne CTBap 6Yl-lynHocTH, a noaajaan.e, HJII1 rrpeunnnrje pe-reao
HHnOllITO, HMnepaTI1B ranamn.ocra.
Y 3aKJbYl.JKY peQI1MO, ,lJ,a 6e3 06311pa na TO ,lJ,a JIH ce "OHO HeOrpaHI1l.JeHO" I1Me-
HYJe. xao "pe3epBoap" ,,,HemTO H3MeJ}y h" ,,,MemaBI1Ha" . "'" 6eCMpTHo " ,,,Henpo-
,,,Je,lJ,Ho

35 3aTo ra je II Hme XBaHIIO roaopchn na "AHaKcHMaHnap rnrran,e 0 nopcxny osor CBeTa HHje BlIllIC pasvarpao
4HCTO <pH3H4KH", Benna je "n06erao y MeTa<pH3H4KH 3aMaK". cD. HH4e, cPW1030qJUja y mpaZUQHOM jJQ3oo6JbY
Tpxa, Tparpoc, Ecorpan 1979. CTp. 26.
36 HpCB. D. Salopek. 1-1. Dils, Predsokratovcifragmenti t, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983, str. 79, All. HCM. mn H.

Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s.84, All. Cnaxuo H Herm. Irris. 10
(DKI2AI2).
37 KapaKTeplICTHKa MlIlIIIbCHoa MHJICnaHajc 6HJ1a Hna Kan CC BcnjenHoM neCHJIO paanaejan,c Meljyc06HO nenpu-

jarerscxux orrpexa, cav TOK KOCMOroHHjC jc nOTOM 6HO xomuuyapan 360r npnponuor nenonan.a cnelJ,H<pH4-
IJIIX Monll OBIIX onpexa, na jc TaKO TOnJIOTa IICYIIIHBaHa unary, a 3aTIIM cy nacrajann penov BCTpOBII, KIIIIIC,
MylJ,e, lKlIBa 6l1na,Ibynllll CBe OCTaHO (JJ:KI2AII, JJ:K12A27).

703
 I1E.D:AfOWKA CTBAPHOCT ur, 9-10 (2006), HOBI1 CM

naztn.nao", ,,6mKaHCKO", ,,6eCKOHa4HO", "HeO,ll,peijeHo", "MaTepl1ja yonurre" I1JII1 He-

KaKO ztpyra-uije, 113BeCHO je na je Apl1CTOTeJI nOCTaBl10 cranztapn no KOMe ce a:rret(!ov
mrrepnperapa xao "TBap", lilTO je aa BI1We MeCTa naroneurreno, a eKCnJII1l..\I1THO no-
rspheno y Phys. 208a 2-3. 38113 I1CTOr nacyca 113 cPU3UKe je eBI1,ll,eHTHO n na "OHO treo-
rpana-reno'' cnana y rpyny T3B. MaTepl1jaJIHI1X Y3pOKa (Phys. 207634-35):

A 6yiJyliuceY3P0l1U oujene 'lemeepocmpY-1 errei Ji Ttl aiTta Jtr;(!nTat TeT(!axW~, tpave-

KO, jacno je oa je 'neoepauuueno 'Y3POK (!OV OTt w~ vAn TO a:rret(!ov E(J'T.tV aiTtov.
sao meap." I

Literatura
Aristotel, Metajizika, Liber, Zagreb 1988.
Aristotel, Metajizika, Kultura, Beograd 1971.
Aristotel, Metajizika, knjigaA, Sv. Sim. Mirot., Vrnjacka Banja 1989.
Aristotel, Organon, Kultura, Beograd 1965.
Aristotelis Opera, ex.rec. Immanuelis Bekkeri, ed. Acad. Regia Borrusica, I-V, Berlin
1831-1870. Novo izdanje je pripremio O. Gigon, Berlin 1970-1987. Svi
Aristotelovi navodi su sravnjivani prema ovom izdanju.
Barnes, J., The Presocratic Philosophers I-II, London 1979.
Bonitz, H., Seidl, H., Aristoteles' Metaphysik I-II, Hamburg 1982.
Burnet, J., Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962.
Burnet, L, Greek Philosophy Thales to Plato, London 1953.
Cherniss, H., Aristotle s Criticism ofPresocratic Philosophy, New York 1964.
Cherniss, H., "Characteristics and Effects of Presocratic Philosophy", u: Journ. ofthe
Hist. ofIdeas 12, 1951, p. 319-45.
Curie, L, "Problem "iskona" kod Aristotela i njegovih predsasnika", u: Filozofska
istrazivanja, god. 13, sv. 2, Zagreb 1993, str. 271-275.
Diels, H., Kranz, w., Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker 1-111, Weidmann 1985-1987.
Dils, H., Predsokratovcifragmenti 1-11, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983.
nypl1n, M. H., IIcmopuja xeneucxe emuue, 3aBo,ll, sa YlJ6eHl1Ke H HaCTaBHa cpencraa,
Eeorpan 1990.
Furley, D. J., Allen, R. E., Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I-II, New York, London
1970-1975.
Gomperz, T., Griechische Denker 1-111, Leipzig 1909-1912.
Guthrie, W. K. c., A History ofGreek Philosophy I-Vr, Cambridge 1962-1981.
Xajnerep, M., "AHaKCI1MaH,ll,pOB tPparMeHT", CTp. 48-76, y:HcmO'If/UK, ron, VI 6p.
22, Eeorpan 1997.
Hegel, G. V. F., Istorijajilozojije I-II, BIGZ, Beograd 1975.
Hesiod, Postanak bogova Homerove himne, V. Maslesa, Sarajevo 1975.

38 Haxo ce y Phys. 208a 2-3 'ra KOHCTaTal.\l1ja He O,UHOCI1 cauo na AHaKCHMaH,Upa.

39 Ilpeu. T. Ladan. Aristotel, Fizika, Liber, Zagreb 1987, CTp. 79. nap. 207634-35.

704
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCHMAH)J;POB AJJEPlfOH

Holscher, v., u: "Anaximander und die Anfange del' Philosophie", str. 255-77 i 385-
417, u: Hermes 81, 1953.
XOMep, Hnujaoa, If.p.o. Marana cprrcxa, H. Can 1985.
Homer, Jlijada, N.z. Matica hrvatska, Zagreb 1987.
XOMep, Oouceja, 3aBO,l.\ sa yl,16eHHKe H HaCTaBHa cpencrsa, Beorpan 2002.
Homer, Odiseja, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb 1961.
Jeger, v., PAJDEJA, Knjizevna zajednica Novog Sada, Novi Sad 1991.
Jaeger, W, The Theology ofthe Early Greek Philosophers, Oxford 1967.
Kaluderovic, Z., Aristotel i predsokratovci, KriMel, N. Sad 2004.
Kirk, G. S., Raven, J. E., "Some Problems in Anaximander", u: D. 1. FurIey, R. E.
Allen, Studies in Presocratic Philosophy J, New York 1970, p. 323-349.
Kirk, G. S., Raven, J. E., The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge 1957.
Jlaeprnje, ,D.., )f(u6omu u MUUUbefba ucmaxnymux tpunozotpa, EMr3, Beorpan 1973.
Marias, 1., History ofPhilosophy, New York 1967.
Mapxoenh, M., FLORILEGJUM PHJLOSOPHUM GRAECUM, Hay-rna KlhHra,
Eeorpan 1951.
McDiarmid, 1. B., "Theophrastus on the Presocratic Causes", u: D. J. FurIey, R. E.
Allen, Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I, New York 1970, p. 178-238.
Hn-re, <D., <!Juno3orjJUja y mpaeuunou PQ3006JbY Tpxa, Fparpoc, Beorpan 1979.
ITaBJIOBHn, E., Ilpecoxpamcxa uucao, ITAATQ, Eeorpan 1997.
Ilepoauh, M. A., Hcmopuja drunosotpuje, Iparpovenaa, H. Can 2003/4.
ITJIaTOH, T036a, EMr3, Beorpan 2000.
Ross, W. D., Aristotle s Metaphysics I-II, Oxford 1997.
Ueberweg, F., Praechter, K., Grundrifi der Geschichte der Philosophie 1, Berlin 1909.
)J{ylhHn, C., "AHaKCHMaH,l.\ap H sasera« esponcxe cPHJI030cPHje", y: <!JWI030rjJCKU
zOOUUUWK ron. III, 6p. 3 Beorpazi 1990, CTp. 5-79.
)J{ylhHn, C., Apucmomen u xeuonoeuja, Ilpocsera, Beorpan 1988.

Zeljko Kaluderovie, M.A., Novi Sad

ANAXIMANDAR'S APEIRON

Summary

The author discusses alternative approaches to the only preserved Anaximandar's

fragment, which is also regarded as the first written document in the history of Western
Philosophy. The Aristotle's heritage is the main source of study for this Miletus philoso-
pher as it was for Tales as well. Although, Anaximandar's name was mentioned only
four times in Stagiranino's works, it is evident that philosopher from Jonas was refered
or alluded more often. The author investigates alternative definitions of key notions of
Anaximandar's philosophy, which are widely interpreted within the range of different
explanations starting with the idea that aperion is 'something between' the elements to

705
 llEL(AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT LII, 9-10 (2006), HOBll Call:

the explanation that it is 'a mixture' of all the elements together. Some further dilemma
arises in aperion's definition as something 'spaciously unlimited' or that it 'shows un-
limited quality'. Finally, according to Aristotle's thought, the author wonders whether
Anaximandar's 'indefinite' is purely monistic principle or he is one of the philosophers,
among Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Democritus, who could not talk about one prin-
ciple only. The author concluded that disregarding confusion and disagreement among
commentators over the notion of aperion, it is evident that Anaximandar's 'unlimited'
should be interpreted as substance, and classified into the category of material cause.

Key words: Anaximandar, apeiron, Aristotle, principle, justice, compensation,

substance, material cause

M-p JKeJIhKO KaJIY~jKepOBHq,HOBblH Ca,IJ,

AilEPIfOH AHAKCI1MAHJJ:PA

Pe310Me

ABTOp B HaCTOH~eM TeKCTe paccvarpaaaer pasnue noztxonsr eJj,HHCTBeHHOM

coxpanenaov cPparMeHTe AHaKCHMaH,l:\pa, C1.JHTalO~HMCH nepssn« nHCbMeHHblM zto-
KyMeHToM B HCTOpHH 3ana,l:\HoH cPHJIOCOCjHHI. KaK H B CJIy1.Jac TaJIcTarnaBHblM HCTO'I-
HHKOM ,l:\JIH H3Y1.JeHHH nOJImKCHHH, Te3HCOB atoro HaCTOH~ero MHJICTCKOro MbICJIHTC-
JIH, HBJIIOTCH npOH3Be,l:\eHHH AOHCTOTeJIH. To ecrs, XOTH B coxpauennsrx nponaeenean-
HX CTarHpaHHHa, HMH AHaKCHMaH,l:\pa BCTpC'IaeTC}I TOJIbKO LJCTblpC paaa, cyurecrsyror
MHorHe MeCTa B KOTOpblX CTarHpaHHH ynoxmnaer H HMeeT B BH,l:\y aroro I10HH1.JCC-
xoro MbICJIHTeJIH. ABTOp HCCJIC,l:\yeT B03MO:>KHbIC onpe,l:\CJICHHH aaxoretiurero nOWITHH
cPHJIOcPOcPHH AHaKCHMaHJj,pa TO a:rreteOll- anepuou, KOTOpblC B 06m:eM HCXO,l:\HT H3'roro,
LJTO anepuou 0603Ha1.JaCT ,,1.JTO-TO Me:>K):(y" 3JICMCHTaMH HJIH }IBJIHeTCH "CMccbIO/Me-
waHHHoH" scex 3JIeMeHTOB. B np0Jj,OJI:>KCHHH TCKCTa asrop ofipamaer BHHMaHHe na
uenoyueuaa CBH3aHHblC C TCMOH HBJIHeTCH JIH aneupou 1.JeM-TO "npocTpaHcTBeHHo
Heo6bHTHbIM" HJIH 3TO 'ITO-TO "Ka'IeCTBeHHO HCOnpC,l:\CJIeHHO". ABTOp 3aTCM B HaCTO-
H~eM TCKCTe, HCnOJIb3yH cnenst H MHCHHH ApHCTOTeJIH, aHaJIH3HpOBall H TO HBJIHCTC}I
JIH TO "HC1.JTO neonpeneneaaoe AHaKCHMaH,l:\pa 1.JHCTO MOHHCTH'ICCKHM Ha1.JaJIOM, HJIH
HMCH B BH,l:\y TO 1.JTO ero 3a1.JHCJlHJlH B rpyrmy cPHJlOCOcPOB BMeCTe B 3Mne,l:\OKJlOM,
anaxcaropoti, H JJ:eMOKpHTOM, AHaKCHMaHJj,ap}lCHO onpenenen KaK KTO-TO, KOTOPblH
He Mor 60JIbWe rosopnrs 06 OJj,HOM eJj,HHCTBeHHOM Ha1.JaJIC scero. ABTOp npauren K
3aKJlI01.JeHHIO, 1.JTO HeCMOTpH na HC,l:\oyMeHHH H paCXO:>K,l:\eHH}I BO MHeHH}lX CpC,l:\H rroc-
JIe,l:\YIO~HX HCCJIe,l:\OBaTeJIeH KaCaIOIl.(HXC}I npaponsr, 3Ha1.JeHH}I aneupoua, HCHO 'ITO
"TO Hc06bHTHoe" AHaKcHMaHJj,pa Hy:>KHO arrrepnpenrposars KaK Bc~eCTBO H BKJIIO-
LJHTb 3TO B rpynrty TaKHa3bIBaeMblX MaTepHaJIbHblX, BCll.(eCTBeHHblX npH'IHH.

Onopnsre CJIOBa: AHaKcHMaHap, aneupou, ApHCTOTeJIb, HaLJaJIO, cnpaBCJj,J1H-

BOCTb, B03Mc~eHHC, BCIl.(CCTBO, Bell~eCTBCHHa}l npn-nrna

706