24 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY PART 1 of 3 PDF

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STUDY PACKAGE
Subject : Mathematics
Topic : INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY
Available Online : www.MathsBySuhag.com
Index
1. Theory
2. Short Revision
3. Exercise (Ex. 1 + 5 = 6)
4. Assertion & Reason
5. Que. from Compt. Exams
6. 39 Yrs. Que. from IIT-JEE(Advanced)
7. 15 Yrs. Que. from AIEEE (JEE Main)
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1. Principal Values & Domains of Inverse Trigonometric/Circular Functions:
page 2 of 40
Function Domain Range
 
(i) y = sin1 x where 1x1  y
2 2
(ii) y = cos1 x where 1x1 0y
 
(iii) y = tan1 x where xR  y
Teko Classes, Maths : Suhag R. Kariya (S. R. K. Sir), Bhopal Phone : 0 903 903 7779, 0 98930 58881.
2 2
 
(iv) y = cosec1 x where x   1 or x  1  y ,y0
2 2

(v) y = sec1 x where x  1 or x  1 0  y  ; y 
2
(vi) y = cot 1 x where xR 0<y<
NOTE:
(a) 1st quadrant is common to the range of all the inverse functions.
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions.

(c) 4th quadrant is used in the clockwise direction i.e. 
 y  0.
2
(d) No inverse function is periodic. (See the graphs on page 17)
Solved Example # 1
 1  1  1  1 
Find the value of tan cos    tan    .
 2  3  
Solution
 1  1  1  1 
Let y = tan cos    tan    .
  2  3 
    
 = tan  3    6 
  

= tan  
6
 
1
y= Ans.
3
Self practice problems:
Find the value of the followings :
 1  1  
(1) sin  3  sin   2  Ans. 1
  
(2) cosec [sec–1 (– 2 ) + cot–1 ( –1)] Ans. –1
Solved Example # 2
Find domain of sin–1 (2x2 – 1)
Solution.
Let y = sin–1 (2x2 – 1)
For y to be defined
– 1  (2x2 – 1)  1
 0  2x2  2
 0  x2  1
 x  [–1, 1]

Find the domain of followings :
(3) y = sec–1 (x2 + 3x + 1)
Successful People Replace the words like; "wish", "try" & "should" with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
 x2 
–1  
(4) y = cos  1 x2 
 
(5) y = tan–1 ( x 2  1)
Answers (3) (– , – 3]  [ – 2, – 1]  [0, )
(4) R
(5) (– , –1]  [1, )
page 3 of 40
2. Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
Property - 2(A)
(i) sin (sin1 x) = x, 1  x  1 (ii) cos (cos1 x) = x, 1  x  1
(iii) tan (tan1 x) = x, xR (iv) cot (cot 1 x) = x, xR
(v) sec (sec1 x) = x, x  1, x  1 (vi) cosec (cosec1 x) = x, x  1, x  1
These functions are equal to identity function in their whole domain which may or may not be R.(See the
graphs on page 18)
Solved Example # 3
  3 
Find the value of cosec cot  cot 1  .
  4 
Solution.
  3 
Let y = cosec cot  cot 1  .......(i)
  4 
 –1
cot (cot x) = x,  x  R
 3  3
 cot  cot 1  =
 4  4
 from equation (i), we get
3
y = cosec  
 4 
y= 2 Ans.
Find the value of each of the following :
  1     1 3   
(6) cos sin  sin  (7) sin cos  cos 
  6    4 
3
Answers (6) (7) not defined
2
Property - 2(B)
 
(i) sin1 (sin x) = x,  x (ii) cos1 (cos x) = x; 0  x  
2 2
 
(iii) tan1 (tan x) = x;  x (iv) cot 1 (cot x) = x; 0<x<
2 2
  
(v) sec1 (sec x) = x; 0  x  , x  (vi) cosec1 (cosec x) = x; x  0,  x
2 2 2
These are equal to identity function for a short interval of x only.

(See the graphs on page 19-20)
Solved Example # 4
 3 
Find the value of tan–1  tan 
 4 
Solution.
 3 
Let y = tan–1  tan 
 4 
  
Note  tan–1 (tan x) = x if x    , 
 2 2
3   
   , 
page 4 of 40
4  2 2
 3  3
 tan–1  tan  
 4  4
3   3 
   , 
4 2 2 
 graph of y = tan–1 (tan x) is as :
 3
 from the graph we can see that if < x< ,
2 2
–1
then y = tan (tan x) can be written as
y=x–
 3  3 
 y = tan–1  tan  = –  y=– 123
 4  4 4
solved Example # 5
Find the value of sin–1 (sin7)
Solution.
Let y = sin–1 (sin 7)
  
Note : sin–1 (sin 7)  7 as 7   , 
 2 2
5
 2 < 7 <
2
 graph of y = sin–1 (sin x) is as :
5
From the graph we can see that if 2  x  then
2
y = sin–1(sin x ) can be written as :
y = x – 2
 sin–1 (sin 7) = 7 – 2
Similarly if we have to find sin–1 (sin(–5)) then
3
 Successful
– 2 <People
– 5 < Replace
– the words like; "wish", "try" & "should" with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
2
 from the graph of sin–1 (sin x), we can say that
sin–1 (sin(–5)) = 2 + (–5)
= 2 – 5

(8) Find the value of cos–1 (cos 13)
 5 
(9) Find sin–1 (sin ), cos–1(cos), tan–1 (tan ), cot–1(cot) for    , 3 
 2 
page 5 of 40
Ans. (8) 13 – 4
(9) sin-1 (sin) = 3 –  ; cos–1 (cos  ) = – 2 ;
tan–1 (tan ) =  – 3 ; cot–1 (cot ) =  – 2
Property - 2(C)
(i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x, 1  x  1 (ii) tan1 (x) =  tan1 x, xR
(iii) cos1 (x) =   cos1 x, 1  x  1 (iv) cot 1 (x) =   cot 1 x, xR
The functions sin1 x, tan1 x and cosec1 x are odd functions and rest are neither even nor odd.
Solved Example # 6
Find the value of cos–1 {sin( – 5)}
Solution.
Let y = cos–1 {sin(–5)}
= cos–1 (– sin 5)  cos–1 (– x) =  – cos–1x, |x|  1
=  – cos–1 (sin 5)
  
=  – cos–1 cos  5  ..........(i)
 2 
 
 – 2 <   5  < – 
2 
 graph of cos–1 (cos x ) is as :
 from the graph we can see that if – 2 x  – 

then y = cos–1 (cosx) can be written as y = x + 2
       5 
 from the graph cos–1 cos  5  =   5  + 2 =   5
  2   2   2 
 5 
 y=–   5
 2 
3
 y=5– Ans.
2

Find the value of the following
  7 
(10) cos–1 (– cos 4) (11) tan–1 tan  
  8 
 
(12) tan–1 cot   1 
  4 
 "wish", "try" & "should"
Successful People Replace the words like; 1   with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
Answers. (10) 4 –  (11) (12)   
8 4 2
Property - 2(D)
1 1
(i) cosec1 x = sin1 ;x  1, x  1 (ii) sec1 x = cos1 ;x  1, x  1
x x
 1 1
1  tan x ; x  0
(iii) cot x
1
  tan 1 ; x  0
page 6 of 40
 x
Solved Example # 7
 1  2 
Find the value of tan cot  
  3 
Solution
   2 
Let y = tan cot 1  ........(i)
  3 
 cot–1 (–x) =  – cot–1x, x  R
 equation (i) can be written as
  2 
y = tan   cot 1 
  3 
 2
y = – tan  cot 1 
 3
1
 cot–1 x = tan–1 if x>0
x
3 3
 y = – tan  tan 1   y=–
 2 2

Find the value of the followings
  2    1 
(13) sec  cos 1   (14) cosec  sin 1  
  3  
  3  
3
Answers. (13) (14) – 3
2
Property - 2(E)
 
(i) sin1 x + cos1 x = , 1  x  1 (ii) tan1 x + cot 1 x = , xR
2 2

(iii) cosec1 x + sec1 x = , x  1
2
Solved Example # 8
1
Find the value of sin (2cos–1x + sin–1x) when x =
5
Solution.
Let y = sin [2cos–1x + sin–1x]

 sin–1x + cos–1x = , |x|  1
2
  
 y = sin 2 cos 1 x   cos 1 x 
 2 
 1 
= sin   cos x 
 2 
1
= cos (cos–1x)  x=
5
 1
 y = cos  cos 1  ........(i)
 5
 cos (cos–1x) = x if x  [–1, 1]
1
  [–1, 1]
5
 1 1
 cos  cos 1  =  from equation (i), we get
 5 5
1
 y= .
page 7 of 40
5
Solve the following equations
(15) 5 tan–1x + 3 cot–1x = 2

(16) 4 sin–1x =  – cos–1x
1
Answers. (15) x=1 (16) x=
2
Property - 2(F)
2
(i) sin (cos1 x) = cos (sin1 x) = 1  x , 1  x  1
1
(ii) tan (cot 1 x) = cot (tan1 x) = , x  R, x  0
x
x
(iii) cosec (sec1 x) = sec (cosec 1 x) = , x > 1
x2  1
Solved Example # 9
 3
Find the value of sin  tan 1  .
 4
Solution.
 3
Let y = sin  tan 1  ..........(i)
 4
Note : To find y we use sin(sin–1 x) = x, – 1  x  1
For this we convert tan–1 x in sin–1 x
3 3  
Let  = tan–1  tan = and    0, 
4 4  2
3
 sin  =
5
3
 sin–1 (sin ) = sin–1   ..........(ii)
5
 
   0,   sin–1 (sin ) = 
 2
 equation (ii) can be written as :

3 3 3 3
  = sin–1     = tan–1    tan–1   = sin–1  
5 4 4 5
 3
 from equation (i), we get  y = sin  sin 1 
 5
3
y=
5
Solved Example # 10
1 5 
Find the value of tan  cos 1
2 3 
Solution.
1 1 5 

Let y = tan  cos ..............(i)
2 3 
5   5
Let cos–1 =     0,  and cos  =
3  2  3
 equation (i) becomes

y = tan   ............(ii)
 2
page 8 of 40
1
 1  cos  3 3 5 (3  5 )2
 tan2 = = = =
2 1  cos  5 3 5 4
1
3
 3 5 
tan =±   .........(iii)
2  2 
 
    
    0,     0, 
 2 2  4

 tan >0
2
 from equation (iii), we get
 3 5 
 
tan =  2 
2  
 from equation (ii), we get
3 5 
 y =  
 Ans.
 2 
Solved Example # 11
1
Find the value of cos (2cos–1x + sin–1x) when x =
5
Solution.
Let y = cos [2cos–1x + sin–1x]

 sin–1x + cos–1x = , |x|  1
2
  
 y = cos 2 cos 1 x   cos 1 x 
 2 
 1 
= cos   cos x 
2 
1
= – sin (cos–1x)  x=
5
 1
 y= – sin  cos 1  ........(i)
 5 
 sin (cos–1x) = 1 x 2 , | x |  1
 1 1  1 24
 sin  cos  = 1 =
 5 25 5
24
y=–
5
1 1  
Aliter : Let cos 1 =  cos  = and    0, 
5 5  2
24
 sin =
5
 24 
 
 sin–1 (sin ) = sin–1  5  ..........(ii)
 
Successful People
  Replace the words like; "wish", "try" & "should" with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
   0, 2   sin–1 (sin ) = 
 
 equation (ii) can be written as
 24   1
 = sin–1  
   = cos–1  
 5  5
 1  24 
 cos–1   = sin–1  

5  5 
Now equation (i) can be written as
page 9 of 40
  24 
y = – sin sin 1  ........(iii)
  5 
 
24  1 24  24
  [–1, 1]  sin sin   =

5   5  5
 from equation (iii), we get
24
y=–
5
Find the value of the followings :

 
1 41   1 16 
(17) tan  cos ec (18) sec  cot 
 4   63 
1 1  3     1 
(19) sin  cot   (20) tan 2 tan 1   
2  4   5 4
4 65 2 5 7
Answers : (17) (18) (19) (20)
5 16 5 17
3. Identities of Addition and Substraction:

A.
sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  , x  0, y  0 & (x 2 + y2)  1

2 2
(i)
=   sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  , x  0, y  0 & x 2 + y2 > 1

2 2

Note that: x 2 + y2  1  0  sin1 x + sin1 y 
2

x 2 + y2  1   sin1 x + sin1 y  
2
cos1 x + cos1 y = cos1 x y  1  x 1  y 2  , x  0, y  0
2
(ii)
 
xy
(iii) tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1 , x > 0, y > 0 & xy < 1
1  xy
xy
=  + tan1 , x > 0, y > 0 & xy > 1
1  xy

=
, x > 0, y > 0 & xy = 1
2
 
Note that : xy < 1  0 < tan1 x + tan1 y < ;xy > 1  < tan1 x + tan1 y < 
2 2
B.
 2 2
(i) sin1 x  sin1 y = sin1  x 1  y  y 1  x  , x  0, y  0
 
 2
1  y 2  , x  0, y  0, x  y
(ii) cos1 x  cos1 y = cos1  x y  1  x 

xy
(iii) tan1 x  tan1y = tan1 , x  0, y  0
page 10 of 40
1  xy
Note: For x < 0 and y < 0 these identities can be used with the help of properties 2(C)
i.e. change x and y to  x and  y which are positive .
Solved Example # 12
3 15 84
Show that sin–1 + sin–1 =  – sin–1
5 17 85
Solution.
2 2
3 15 3  15  8226
 > 0, > 0 and   +   = >1
5 17 5  17  7225
3 15 3 225 15 9 
 1  1
 sin–1 + sin–1 =  – sin–1 5 289 17 25 
5 17 
 3 8 15 4 
=  – sin–1  .  . 
 5 17 17 5 
 84 
=  – sin–1  
 85 
Solved Example # 13
Evaluate:
12 4 63
cos–1 + sin–1 – tan–1
13 5 16
Solution.
12 4 63
Let z = cos–1 + sin–1 – tan–1
13 5 16
4  4
 sin–1 = – cos–1
5 2 5
12  1 4  63
 z = cos–1 +   cos  – tan–1 .
13 2 5 16
  1 4 12  63
z= –  cos  cos 1  – tan–1 .........(i)
2  5 13  16
4 12 4 12
 > 0, > 0 and <
5 13 5 13
4 12  4 12 16 144   63 
 cos–1 – cos–1 = cos–1  5  13  1  25 1  –1 
169  = cos  65 

5 13 
 equation (i) can be written as
  63   63 
z= – cos–1   – tan–1  
2  65   16 
 63   63 
z = sin–1   – tan–1   .........(ii)
 65   16 
 63   63 
 sin–1   = tan–1  
 65   16 
 from equation (ii), we get
 63   63 
 z = tan–1   – tan–1    z=0 Ans.
 16   16 
Solved Example # 14
5
Evaluate tan–1 9 + tan–1
4
Solution.
5 5
 9 > 0, > 0 and 9   > 1
4 4
5 
page 11 of 40

5  9 
4 
 tan–1 9 + tan–1 =  + tan–1 
4  5
 1  9. 
 4
=  + tan–1 (– 1)

=– .
4
5 3
tan–1 9 + tan–1 = .
4 4
4 5 16
(21) Evaluate sin–1 + sin–1 + sin–1
5 13 65
(22) If tan–14 + tan–1 5 = cot–1 then find ‘’
3 16 1 7
(23) Prove that 2 cos–1 + cot–1 + cos–1 =
13 63 2 25
Solve the following equations
 2
(24) tan–1 (2x) + tan–1 (3x) = (25) sin–1x + sin–1 2x =
4 3
 19 1 1
Answers. (21) (22) =– (24) x= (25) x=
2 9 6 2
C.

 2 sin x
1
if | x |  1

2
(i) sin  2 x 1  x 2 
1 1
=    2 sin x if x 1
   2

   2 sin 1 x

 if x 1
2
 2 cos 1 x if 0  x 1
(ii) cos1 (2 x 2  1) =  1
 2   2 cos x if  1 x0
 2 tan 1x if | x |  1
2x  1
(iii) tan1
=    2 tan x if x  1
1 x2


   2 tan 1x  if x 1
 2 tan 1x if | x | 1
2x 
(iv) sin1 =    2 tan 1x if x 1
1  x2


   2 tan 1x  if x  1
1 x2  2 tan 1x if x  0
(v) cos1 =  1
1x2  2 tan x if x  0
(See the graphs on page 20)
Solved Example # 15
Define y = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) in terms of cos–1 x and also draw its graph.
Solution.
Let y = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)
Note  Domain : [–1, 1] and range : [0, ]
Let cos–1 x =    [0, ] and x = cos 

 y = cos–1 (4 cos3 – 3 cos  )
y = cos–1 (cos 3) ...........(i)
page 12 of 40
Fig.: Graph of cos–1 (cos x)
  [0, ]
 3 [0, 3]
 to define y = cos–1 (cos 3), we consider the graph of cos–1 (cos x)
in the interval [0, 3]. Now, from the above graph we can see that
(i) if 0  3     cos–1 (cos 3) = 3
y = 3 if  3

 y = 3 if 0
3
1
 y = 3 cos–1x if x1
2
(ii) if   3   2  cos–1 (cos 3) = 2– 3
y = 2 – 3 if   3   2
 2
 y = 2 – 3 if <
3 3
1 1
y = 2 – 3cos–1 x if – x<
2 2
(iii)   3   3  cos–1 (cos 3) = – 2 + 3
 y = – 2 + 3 if   3   3
2
 y = – 2 + 3 if    
3
1
 y = – 2 + 3 cos–1 x if – 1  x –
2
 from (i), (ii) & (iii), we get
 1 1
 3 cos x ;
2
 x 1
 1 1
y = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) =  2  3 cos 1 x ;   x 
 2 2
 2  3 cos 1 x ;  1  x   1
 2
Graph :
For y = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)
domain : [–1, 1]
range : [0, ]
1
(i) if  x  1 , y = 3 cos–1x.
2
dy 3
 = = – 3(1 – x2)–1/2 ...........(i)
dx 1 x2
dy 1
 <0 if x  , 1
dx 2 
1 
 decreasing if x   , 1
Successful People Replace  2 the
 words like; "wish", "try" & "should" with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
again if we differentiate equation (i) w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
d2 y 3x
=–
2
(1  x 2 )3 / 2
dx
d2 y 1  1 
 2 <0 if x   , 1  concavity downwards if x   , 1
dx 2  2 
1 1
page 13 of 40
(ii) if –  x < , y = 2 – 3cos–1 x.
2 2
dy 3 dy 1 1
 =  >0 if x   , 
dx 1 x 2 dx  2 2
 1 1 d2 y 3x
 increasing if x   ,  and =
 2 2 dx 2 (1  x 2 )3 / 2
 1  d2 y
(a) if x   , 0  then <0
 2  dx 2
 1 
 concavity downwards if x   , 0 
 2 
1 d2 y
(b) if x   0,  then >0
 2 dx 2
 concavity upwards if x   0, 1 
 2
1 dy d2 y
(iii) Similarly if – 1  x < – then < 0 and > 0.
2 dx dx 2
 the graph of y = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) is as

(26) Define y = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) in terms of sin–1x and also draw its graph.
 3x  x 3 
(27) Define y = tan–1   in terms of tan–1 x and also draw its graph.
 1  3x 2 
 
Answers
 1 1 1
 3 sin x ; 
2
x
2
 1
1
(26) y = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) =   3 sin x ;  x 1
 2
    3 sin 1 x ; 1
1 x  
 2
 graph of y = sin–1 (3x – 4x3)
 1 1 1
 3 tan x ;  x
3  3 3
 3x  x  1
–1    1
(27) y = tan  1  3 x 2  =   3 tan x ;   x  
   3
 1 1
    3 tan x ; x
page 14 of 40
 3
 3x  x 3 

–1 
Fig.: Graph of y = tan  2 
 1  3x 
D.
 x  y  z  xyz 
If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = tan1  1  xy  yz  zx  if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & (xy + yz + zx) < 1
 
NOTE:
(i) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z =  then x + y + z = xyz

(ii) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = then xy + yz + zx = 1
2
1 1 
(iii) tan1 1 + tan1 2 + tan1 3 =  (iv) tan1 1 + tan1 + tan1 =
2 3 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
page 15 of 40
Some Useful Graphs
1.   
(i) y = sin 1 x, x  1, y   ,  (ii) y = cos 1 x, x  1, y  [0, ]
 2 2
y y

 
2 2
O

1 1 x 1 O 1 x


2
  
(iii) y = tan 1 x, x  R, y    2, 2  , (iv) y = cot 1 x, x  R, y  (0, )
 
y
y

2

 
2

O x
 O x



2
        
(v) y = sec 1 x, x  1, y  0,  U  ,  (vi) y = cosec 1 x, x  1, y   2 , 0  U  0 , 2 
 2 2     
y y
 
2

 2


1 O 1 x  1 O 1 x


2
Part - 2(A)
page 16 of 40
(i) y = sin (sin 1 x) = cos (cos 1 x) = x, x  [ 1, 1], y  [ 1, 1]; y is aperiodic
y
1
x
=
y
)45º
1 O +1 x
1
(ii) y = tan (tan -1 x) = cot (cot -1 x) = x, x  R, y  R; y is aperiodic
y 



x
 =
 y

) 45º


O x








(iii) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) = sec (sec 1 x) = x, x  1, y  1 ; y is aperiodic
y

=x

 y


1 O 1 x
1



x
 =
 y
Part -2(B)
  
y = sin 1 (sin x), x  R, y    ,  , is periodic with period 2 
(i)
page 17 of 40
 2 2
y

y y
2
x
= 2 =


(
2
x
+ 
x
=
=
 3
x)
y

y
2 )45º 2


 2 
3  O  2 x
2 2


2
(ii) y = cos 1 (cos x), x  R, y  [0, ], is periodic with period 2 

y

y=
y=
x


y=
2
2
+
2
x

x

y=
x
x
 2   O   2

2 2
     
(iii) y = tan 1 (tan x), x  R  (2 n  1) , n    y    ,  is periodic with period 
 2   2 2
y

2



x
x+
x
x+
y=
y=
y=
y=
2
 
 2 
3  
 O  3 x
2 2 2 2

x
y=


2
      
(iv) y = sec 1 (sec x), y is periodic with period 2; x  R  (2n  1) , n   , y  0, 2  U  2 , 
 2     
y

y=
y=
x


y=
2
2
+
2
x

x

y=
x
 2 3   O   3 2
 
2 2 2 2
   
(cot x), y is periodic with period ; x  R – {n, n  }, y   0,   , 
page 18 of 40
–1
(v) y = c o t 
 2 2 
  
(vi) y = cosec–1 (cosec x), y is periodic with period 2; x  R – {n, n  }, y   ,  – {0}
 2 2
Part - 3(C)
page 19 of 40
(i) graph of y = sin1  2 x 1  x 2 
 
(ii) graph of y = cos1 (2 x 2  1)
Note : In this graph it is advisable not to check its derivability just by the inspection of the graph
because it is difficult to judge from the graph that at x = 0 there is a shapr corner or not.
2x
(iii) graph of y = tan1
1 x2
2x
(iv) graph of y = sin1
1  x2
1 x2
(v) graph of y = cos1
1x2

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Address : Plot No. 27, III- Floor, Near Patidar Studio,

1. Principal Values & Domains of Inverse Trigonometric/Circular Functions:

Self practice problems:

(iii) tan (tan1 x) = x, xR (iv) cot (cot 1 x) = x, xR

(v) sec (sec1 x) = x, x  1, x  1 (vi) cosec (cosec1 x) = x, x  1, x  1

These are equal to identity function for a short interval of x only.

Self practice problems:

 graph of cos–1 (cos x ) is as :

 from the graph we can see that if – 2 x  – 

Self practice problems:

Self practice problems:

(15) 5 tan–1x + 3 cot–1x = 2

 equation (ii) can be written as :

Find the value of the followings :

3. Identities of Addition and Substraction:

sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  , x  0, y  0 & (x 2 + y2)  1

=   sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  , x  0, y  0 & x 2 + y2 > 1

Let cos–1 x =    [0, ] and x = cos 

Self practice problems:

 graph of y = sin–1 (3x – 4x3)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(ii) y = tan (tan -1 x) = cot (cot -1 x) = x, x  R, y  R; y is aperiodic

(iii) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) = sec (sec 1 x) = x, x  1, y  1 ; y is aperiodic

(ii) y = cos 1 (cos x), x  R, y  [0, ], is periodic with period 2 

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