2/15/2011

14

12

10

Precipitation 8

6 Series 3
Series 2
Lecture Series 4B 4
Series 1
2

0
This is used to show daily,
weekly, monthly or annual
rainfall which are plotted
with a moving mean.

14
12
10 The annual precipitation data for the PAGASA station in Nueva Vizcaya for the period 1975-
8 2010.
a.) Plot the annual precipitation as a time series.
6 Series 3 b.) Compute the 36-year mean annual precipitation.
4 c.) Compute the 5-year moving mean and plot it at the end of the period.
Series 2
2 d.) Identify any drought and wet periods.
Series 1 e.) Find the highest and lowest annual precipitation. Compute the ratio of
0
these extremes to the long-term mean.
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4

Annual Annual Annual

Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation
Year (cm) Year (cm) Year (cm)
1975 33.54 1987 15.34 1999 43.12
1976 25.20 1988 35.38 2000 30.84
1977 40.42 1989 19.36 2001 34.30
Say, set of observations of precipitation: x1,
Moving mean is used to x2, x3,...xn. The moving mean is:
1978
1979
40.42
29.96
1990
1991
30.08
44.14
2002
2003
19.02
28.02
damp out or smoothen out 1980 36.66 1992 41.56 2004 20.46

some of the random x1  x2 ...  xn x2  x3 ...  xn1 x3  x4 ...  xn 2 1981 15.46 1993 20.18 2005 20.18
, , 1982 24.76 1994 43.88 2006 27.98
variations of the variables. n n n 1983 25.34 1995 31.38 2007 36.24
1984 18.32 1996 49.02 2008 32.60
where, n can be any value but precipitation 1985 17.94 1997 25.02 2009 26.76
1986 22.54 1998 24.96 2010 28.12
are often analyzed with a 5-year moving
mean of the annual precipitation.

Annual Annual Annual

Annual Precipitation as a Time Series Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation
50.00 Year (cm) Year (cm) Year (cm)
1975 33.54 1987 15.34 1999 43.12
1976 25.20 1988 35.38 2000 30.84
45.00
1977 40.42 1989 19.36 2001 34.30
1978 40.42 1990 30.08 2002 19.02
40.00 1979 29.96 1991 44.14 2003 28.02
Precipitation (cm)

1980 36.66 1992 41.56 2004 20.46

35.00 1981 15.46 1993 20.18 2005 20.18
1982 24.76 1994 43.88 2006 27.98
1983 25.34 1995 31.38 2007 36.24
30.00
1984 18.32 1996 49.02 2008 32.60
1985 17.94 1997 25.02 2009 26.76
25.00 1986 22.54 1998 24.96 2010 28.12
SUM 1058.30
20.00

15.00 1058.30
P 36 
1975
1976
1977
1978

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1979

1998

36
Time (Year)
P 36  29.40cm

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Annual Annual
Annual Precipitation as a Time Series Precipitation 5-year Precipitation 5-year
Year (cm) 5-year Total Mean Year (cm) 5-year Total Mean
and 36-year Mean 1975 33.34 1993 20.18 155.32 31.06
50.00 1976 25.20 1994 43.88 179.84 35.97
1977 40.42 1995 31.38 181.14 36.23
45.00 1978 40.42 1996 49.02 186.02 37.20
1979 29.96 169.34 33.87 1997 25.02 169.48 33.90
40.00 1980 36.66 172.66 34.53 1998 24.96 174.26 34.85
Precipitation (cm)

1981 15.46 162.92 32.58 1999 43.12 173.50 34.70

35.00 1982 24.76 147.26 29.45 2000 30.84 172.96 34.59
1983 25.34 132.18 26.44 2001 34.30 158.24 31.65
1984 18.32 120.54 24.11 2002 19.02 152.24 30.45
30.00
1985 17.94 101.82 20.36 2003 28.02 155.30 31.06
1986 22.54 108.90 21.78 2004 20.46 132.64 26.53
25.00
1987 15.34 99.48 19.90 2005 20.18 121.98 24.40
1988 35.38 109.52 21.90 2006 27.98 115.66 23.13
20.00 1989 19.36 110.56 22.11 2007 36.24 132.88 26.58
1990 30.08 122.70 24.54 2008 32.60 137.46 27.49
15.00 1991 44.14 144.30 28.86 2009 26.76 143.76 28.75
1975
1976
1977
1978

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1979

1998

1992 41.56 170.52 34.10 2010 28.12 151.70 30.34

Time (Year) 5  yTotal  33.34  25.20  40.42  40.42  29.96  169.34

169.34
5  yMean   33.87
5

Annual Precipitation as a Time Series, 36-year Mean Annual Precipitation as a Time Series, 36-year Mean
and 5-year Moving Mean and 5-year Moving Mean
50.00
50.00 Wet Period Drought Period Drought Period
?-1982 1982-1991 2003-2009
45.00
45.00

40.00
40.00
Precipitation (cm)
Precipitation (cm)

35.00
35.00

30.00
30.00

25.00
25.00

20.00
20.00 Wet Period
1991-2003
15.00
15.00
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1985

2004
1975
1976
1977
1978

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1979

1998

Time (Year)
Time (Year)

Note: During a wet period, 5-yr moving-mean line is always above the long-term mean. During a drought
period, 5-yr moving-mean line is always below the long-term mean.

Annual Precipitation as a Time Series, 36-year Mean

and 5-year Moving Mean
50.00
Wet Period Drought Period Drought Period
?-1982 1982-1991 2003-2009
45.00

40.00
Precipitation (cm)

35.00
If daily rainfall records indicate that the rainfall occurred for two or more successive
30.00
days, the probable maximum depth (PMD) of rain that falls in any 24-h period
25.00
during that storm should be determined by adding to the maximum recorded total
of daily rainfall one-half of the next larger total that falls on either the preceding or
20.00
Wet Period
succeeding day and so on longer storms.
1991-2003
15.00
Suppose that Typhoon Basyang produced the daily totals for three successive days: 1.20cm, 2.75cm and
1975
1976
1977
1978

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1979

1998

0.86cm, what is maximum 24-h total and 48-h total?

Time (Year)

PMD24  2.75  0.5(1.20)  3.35cm PMD48  2.75  1.20  0.5(0.86)  4.38cm

Highest year 1996 = 49.02/29.40 = 1.67 Lowest year 1987 = 15.34/29.40 = 0.52

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Select a duration of rainfall such as 5 minutes.

The amount of precipitation falling at a point depends on the following factors:
a.) Intensity – the rate of precipitation or measure of quantity of rain falling in a
given time (mm per hour).
b.) Duration – time limit within which the precipitation takes place.
c.) Frequency – expectation that a given depth of rainfall will fall in a given time.
d.) Area – geographic extent over which a point’s rainfall can be held to apply.
Procedure
From precipitation records, maximum rainfall of this duration is noted.
This is the maximum incremental rainfall (difference between
accumulated precipitation values) for the selected duration (5 mins). For
partial duration series, all values in the record that exceed a level given
by the excessive precipitation are noted. Excessive precipitation is a
rainfall that falls at a rate equalling or exceeding by:
t  20
P
100

Arranged the values in descending order and For partial duration series, the following conversion factors are
return period is obtained by: applied:
Procedure Procedure
Return Period (Years) Adjustment Factor
n 1
T 2 0.88
m 5 0.96
10 0.99
where m is the rank of event and n is the total number of years
of data in the record.
>10 1.0

Similar analyses are carried out for other Precipitation depths are converted to
selected durations. intensities by:
Procedure Procedure 60 P
i
t
For each frequency level,
precipitation are plotted against
different duration. These are the Intensities are plotted against
depth-duration-frequency curves. duration as intensity-duration-
frequency curve.

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For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table, For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table,
prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year
frequencies. frequencies.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Precipitation Precipitation
Rank Return Period Rank Return Period
Duration Duration
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0 1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0
Interpolate depths for 20-
2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5 0.395 20
year frequency
3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7 2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5
4 0.36 0.60 0.76 0.86 0.91 1.06 5.8 3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7
5 0.35 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.96 4.6 4 0.36 0.60 0.76 0.86 0.91 1.06 5.8
6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8 5 0.35 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.96 4.6
7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3 6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8
8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9 7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3
9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6 8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9
10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3 9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6
. 10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3
.
.
22 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.40 0.43 0.43 1.0

For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table, For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table,
prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year
frequencies. frequencies.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Precipitation Precipitation
Rank Return Period Rank Return Period
Duration Duration
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0 1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0
Interpolate depths for 20-
0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20 0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20
year frequency
2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5 2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5
Interpolate depths for 10-
3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7 10
year frequency
4 0.36 0.60 0.76 0.86 0.91 1.06 5.8 3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7
5 0.35 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.96 4.6 4 0.36 0.60 0.76 0.86 0.91 1.06 5.8
6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8 5 0.35 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.96 4.6
7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3 6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8
8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9 7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3
9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6 8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9
10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3 9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6
10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3

For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table, For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table,
prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year
frequencies. frequencies.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Precipitation Precipitation
Rank Return Period Rank Return Period
Duration Duration
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0 0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20 Convert precipitation
0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20 0.376 0.626 0.814 0.946 1.278 1.746 10 depths to intensity.
2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5
Interpolate depths for 10-
0.376 0.626 0.814 0.946 1.278 1.746 10
year frequency
3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7
4 0.36 0.60 0.76 0.86 0.91 1.06 5.8
5 0.35 0.60 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.96 4.6
6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8
7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3
8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9
9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6
10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3

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For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table, For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table,
prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year
frequencies. frequencies.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Precipitation Precipitation
Rank Return Period Rank Return Period
Duration Duration
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20 Convert precipitation 0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20 Convert precipitation
0.376 0.626 0.814 0.946 1.278 1.746 10 depths to intensity. 0.376 0.626 0.814 0.946 1.278 1.746 10 depths to intensity.

Return Intensity (in/hr) Return Intensity (in/hr)

Period Period
Duration 60 P Duration 60 P
(Years) 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. i (Years) 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. i
20 t 20 4.74 3.91 3.50 3.13 2.86 2.09 t
10 10 4.51 3.76 3.26 2.84 2.56 1.75

Return Intensity (in/hr)

For the precipitation data arranged for different durations as shown in the Table, Period Duration

prepare the intensity-duration-frequency curves for 20-year and 10-year (Years) 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min.
20 4.74 3.91 3.50 3.13 2.86 2.09
frequencies. 10 4.51 3.76 3.26 2.84 2.56 1.75

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Precipitation IDF Curve
Rank Return Period
Duration 5
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
4.5
0.395 0.652 0.874 1.044 1.430 2.090 20
0.376 0.626 0.814 0.946 1.278 1.746 10 4
Intensity in in/hr

3.5

3
Return Intensity (in/hr)
Period Duration 2.5

(Years) 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. 2

20 4.74 3.91 3.50 3.13 2.86 2.09 Plot intensity against duration.
10 4.51 3.76 3.26 2.84 2.56 1.75 1.5
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Duration in Minutes

20-yr Return Period 10-yr Return Period

From the IDF curve:

IDF Curve
5 For a D = 25 min in a T = The probability of occurrence is the study of chance or likelihood of a
precipitation to happening. It is given as:
4.5 20-year,
4
i = 3 in/hr
Intensity in in/hr

2m  1
3.5

3 P( P )  x100
2.5
i
60 P 2n
2 t
1.5
60 P
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 3 where, m = the rank of each precipitation
Duration in Minutes 25 n = the total number of precipitation data
20-yr Return Period 10-yr Return Period
P = i x t = 3 x 25/60 = 1.25 in

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Annual Precipitation
for Angat Watershed
Year Depth (in)
Given the annual precipitation data of Angat Watershed from 1991 to
2010. Rank the each event. Say, you have determined that more than 1991 14.60
23.4” of annual rainfall will result in a net economic loss for your 1992 21.70
crop. Predict how often this will occur. Also, compute the Return 1993 12.10
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) For Example: Period of each event. 1994 22.40
Rank
Precipitation
Return Period P = 0.37 in has m = 3 (rank) 1995 23.40
Duration 1996 13.10
m 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 30 min. 60 min. T=(n+1)/m
1 0.40 0.66 0.89 1.07 1.48 2.15 23.0 2(3)  1 1997 19.26
2 0.38 0.63 0.83 0.97 1.29 1.92 11.5 P( 0.37)  x100 1998 32.80
3 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.91 1.26 1.48 7.7 2(22) 1999 11.20
4
5
0.36
0.35
0.60
0.60
0.76
0.73
0.86
0.80
0.91
0.83
1.06
0.96
5.8
4.6
P( 0.37)  11.36% 2000
2001
18.20
19.20
6 0.33 0.58 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.94 3.8 2002 11.61
7 0.33 0.50 0.72 0.77 0.78 0.90 3.3
2003 11.60
8 0.31 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.75 0.87 2.9
2004 12.70
9 0.30 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.77 2.6
10 0.28 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.75 2.3 2005 7.20
. 2006 8.00
. 2007 10.60
. 2008 8.20
22 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.40 0.43 0.43 1.0
2009 26.20
2010 9.50

Annual Precipitation for Angat Annual Precipitation for Angat

Watershed Watershed
Year Depth (in) Rank Year Depth (in) Rank
1991 14.60 1991 14.60 9
1992 21.70 1992 21.70 5
1993 12.10 1993 12.10 12
1994 22.40 1994 22.40 4
1995 23.40 1995 23.40 3
1996 13.10 1996 13.10 10
1997 19.26 1997 19.26 6
1998 32.80 1998 32.80 1
1999
2000
11.20
18.20
Rank each event. 1999
2000
11.20
18.20
15
8
Rank each event.
2001 19.20 2001 19.20 7
2002 11.61 2002 11.61 13
2003 11.60 2003 11.60 14
2004 12.70 2004 12.70 11
2005 7.20 2005 7.20 20
2006 8.00 2006 8.00 19
2007 10.60 2007 10.60 16
2008 8.20 2008 8.20 18
2009 26.20 2009 26.20 2
2010 9.50 2010 9.50 17

Annual Precipitation for Angat Annual Precipitation for Angat Watershed

Watershed
Year Depth (in) Rank P(P)
Year Depth (in) Rank
1998 32.80 1
1998 32.80 1
2009 26.20 2
2009 26.20 2
1995 23.40 3
1995 23.40 3
1994 22.40 4
1994 22.40 4
1992 21.70 5
1992 21.70 5
1997 19.26 6
1997 19.26 6
2001 19.20 7
2001 19.20 7
2000 18.20 8
2000 18.20 8
1991
1996
14.60
13.10
9
10
Rank each event. 1991
1996
14.60
13.10
9
10
Compute Probability of Occurrence.

2004 12.70 11 2004 12.70 11

1993 12.10 12 1993 12.10 12
2m  1
2002 11.61 13 2002 11.61 13 P( P )  x100
2003 11.60 14 2003 11.60 14 2n
1999 11.20 15 1999 11.20 15
2007 10.60 16 2007 10.60 16
2010 9.50 17 2010 9.50 17
2008 8.20 18 2008 8.20 18
2006 8.00 19 2006 8.00 19
2005 7.20 20 2005 7.20 20

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Annual Precipitation for Angat Watershed Annual Precipitation for Angat Watershed
Year Depth (in) Rank P(P)
Year Depth (in) Rank P(P) Tr
1998 32.80 1 2.50
1998 32.80 1 2.50
2009 26.20 2 7.50
2009 26.20 2 7.50
1995 23.40 3 12.50
1995 23.40 3 12.50
1994 22.40 4 17.50
1994 22.40 4 17.50
1992 21.70 5 22.50
1992 21.70 5 22.50
1997 19.26 6 27.50
1997 19.26 6 27.50
2001 19.20 7 32.50
2001 19.20 7 32.50
2000 18.20 8 37.50
2000 18.20 8 37.50
1991 14.60 9 42.50 Compute Probability of Occurrence. Compute the Return Period.
1991 14.60 9 42.50
1996 13.10 10 47.50 1996 13.10 10 47.50
2004 12.70 11 52.50 2004 12.70 11 52.50
1993 12.10 12 57.50
2m  1 1993 12.10 12 57.50
T( r ) 
1
2002 11.61 13 62.50 P( P )  x100 2002 11.61 13 62.50 x100
2003 11.60 14 67.50 2n 2003 11.60 14 67.50 P( P )
1999 11.20 15 72.50 1999 11.20 15 72.50
2007 10.60 16 77.50 2007 10.60 16 77.50
2010 9.50 17 82.50 2010 9.50 17 82.50
2008 8.20 18 87.50 2008 8.20 18 87.50
2006 8.00 19 92.50 2006 8.00 19 92.50
2005 7.20 20 97.50 2005 7.20 20 97.50

Annual Precipitation for Angat Watershed

Year Depth (in) Rank P(P) Tr

1998 32.80 1 2.50 40
2009 26.20 2 7.50 13.33
1995 23.40 3 12.50 8
1994 22.40 4 17.50 5.71
1992 21.70 5 22.50 4.44
1997 19.26 6 27.50 3.64
2001 19.20 7 32.50 3.08
2000 18.20 8 37.50 2.67
1991 14.60 9 42.50 2.35 Compute the Return Period.
1996 13.10 10 47.50 2.11
2004 12.70 11 52.50 1.90
1993 12.10 12 57.50 1.75 1 The technique of depth-area-duration analysis (DAD) determines
2002 11.61 13 62.50 1.60 T( r )  x100 primarily the maximum falls for different durations over a range of
2003 11.60 14 67.50 1.48 P( P ) areas. This is a graphical relation between a progressively average
1999 11.20 15 72.50 1.38 depth of rainfall over a progressively increasing area from center of
2007 10.60 16 77.50 1.29
a storm outward to its edges for a given duration of rainfall. This is
2010 9.50 17 82.50 1.21
also known as Equivalent Uniform Depth (EUD).
2008 8.20 18 87.50 1.14
2006 8.00 19 92.50 1.08
2005 7.20 20 97.50 1.03

Procedure •Prepare accumulated precipitation resulting from a

storm for each station in the basin.
•Prepare an isohyetal map. Isohyets are boundaries of
individual areas.

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