1. How does the kidney excrete urea?

The kidney excretes urea in a two stage process. Frist all small
molecules in the blood are filtered out. Then any useful molecules
that were filtered out are reabsorbed into the blood. Urea is not
reabsorbed. Each kidney receives blood from a renal artery. The
blood passes into thousands of smaller arteries inside the kidney.
Each of these smaller arteries leads to one of the kidney’s
filtration units. These are called nephrons. Each nephron is a tube
with a filter at the start of it.

2. How does the kidney remove water content from our

blood?
Under normal conditions, your body is constantly guarding against
the loss of precious water. While water by itself is a non-energy-
producing nutrient in our body, it is absolutely critical to our
survival. No water, no life.
In fact, it's so critical that over 99% of water filtered by the
glomerulus every day is reabsorbed back into circulation. When
dehydrated, your kidneys create super-concentrated urine,
sometimes more than six times the concentration of blood!
On the flip side, if you drink too much and therefore have fluid
overload, your kidneys can alter their role and cause diuresis, or
the increased release of urine, in order to get rid of excess fluid.
The processes I just described - the active regulation of fluid and
electrolyte movement in and out of a cell or body - is
called osmoregulation and is chiefly accomplished on a systemic
(or whole-body) scale by the kidneys.
3. Main ways we gain and loss water
Some of the main ways we gain water are:
- Eating
- Drinking
- Breathing (Respiration)
Some ways we lose water are:
- Urinating
- Exercising
- Sweating
- Breathing (Exhalation)
Diagrams: