Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RCS 985A Generator Protection Instruction Manual EN YJBH2011 0086 0002 PDF
RCS 985A Generator Protection Instruction Manual EN YJBH2011 0086 0002 PDF
Generator Protection
Instruction Manual
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Copyright
Manual: R1.01 NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
P/N: EN_YJBH2011.0086.0002 69 SuYuan. Avenue, Nanjing 211102, China
Copyright © NR 2011. All rights reserved
Tel: 86-25-87178185, Fax: 86-25-87178208
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information Website: www.nari-relays.com
contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and Email: NR_TechSupport@nari-relays.com
dissemination to third parties is strictly forbidden except where
expressly authorized.
Table of contents
Preface .............................................................................................................................................. i
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. i
2.7.5 Longitudinal zero sequence voltage protection for turn-to-turn fault ............ 22
4.4.7 Viewing event records via RCSPC support software ..................................... 158
7.3.3 Settings of phase to phase fault protection of main transformer ................. 234
7.3.9 Settings of phase to phase fault backup protection of generator ................ 257
11.6.2 Connection way of protection equipment and personal computer ............ 434
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Application
RCS-985A is a kind of microprocessor based generator-transformer unit protection relay
integrated main and backup protection. It provides complete electrical protection for large-sized
generators-transformer unit of various types, which usually comprise generator, main transformer,
stepdown transformer and exciter or excitation transformer. It also can meet the requirements of
power plant automation.
For a large scale generator-transformer unit, two sets of RCS-985As can be used and then main
protection, abnormal operation condition protection and backup protection can be duplicated.
Operating circuits and mechanical protection equipment (RCS-974 series) are installed on a
separated panel. Independent CT groups are used by these two RCS-985As while main and
backup protection elements in a RCS-985A share one CT group. Outputs of the protection
correspond to independent trip coils. Therefore, the following features can be achieved:
Convenient, reliable and secure for operation of equipment and requirements of accident
prevention;
RCS-985A relay is suited to be flush mounted into a control panel. Figure 1.1-1 and Figure 1.1-2
show typical applications of RCS-985A.
RCS-985A can be suited for the scheme in which exciter is replaced by excitation transformer
without any modification on protection software or hardware.
220kV
Busbar VT
CZX-12
RCS-985A RCS-985A
RCS-974A
Main
transformer
VT1
VT2
VT3
Excitation
transformer
Stepdown
transformer
Gennerator
Scheme1: For a large-sized generator-transformer unit with capacity over 300MW, panel A and B
are both equipped with differential protection of generator-transformer unit, main transformer,
generator and stepdown transformer. Usually, the whole stepdown transformer is included in the
overall generator-transformer differential protection zone. However, user can decide whether or
not the stepdown transformer is included in overall differential protection by configuring the CT
used in overall differential protection.
Scheme2: For a large-sized generator-transformer unit with capacity between 100MW and
300MW, panel A and B are both equipped with differential protection of main transformer,
generator and stepdown transformer.
Panel A and B are equipped with integral set of backup protection of generator respectively and
use two groups of independent CTs.
(1) For zero sequence overcurrent protection, if there is only one group of zero sequence CT, it
can be connected to panel A. While panel B can adopt calculated zero sequence current from
bushing CTs. Protection zone of these two kinds of zero sequence current protection are different
with each other. Their settings shall be calculated and set separately.
(2) As to earth fault protection of rotor, two sets of such protection cannot work simultaneously,
otherwise influence between them will appear. Only one set of earth fault protection of rotor can be
enabled during operation. If the other set will be switched over sometimes, this one shall be
disabled firstly.
If 20Hz voltage-injecting earth fault protection for stator is considered, special facilities should be
equipped, such as 20Hz power supply source, filter, inter current transformer, shunt resistance,
load resistance, and so on. All these auxiliary facilities can be integrated into one additional panel.
(2) Main protection and backup protection adopt one group of CT.
(3) Currents at the terminal of generator are included in generator and main transformer
differential protection. Therefore, these two kinds of differential protection can use one common
group of CT at terminal of generator without any influence. In fact, two groups of CT input
channels are provided in RCS-985A. One of them is reserved for special case.
(4) Current sampled at HV side of stepdown transformer is shared both by differential protection
of main transformer and differential protection of stepdown transformer. Since capacities of these
two transformers are different to each other significantly, in order to ensure performance of
differential protection, it is better to adopt two groups of CT for them. One CT with big ratio is
prepared for differential protection of main transformer, and the other with small ratio is for
differential protection of stepdown transformer.
(5) On 220 kV side, there shall be one group of CT to be adopted dedicatedly for circuit breaker
failure protection and pole disagreement protection.
(1) Panel A and B shall adopt different VTs or their different windings if possible.
(2) For turn-to-turn fault protection of generator, in order to prevent unwanted operation due to VT
circuit failure on HV side used dedicatedly for this protection, one set of protection shall adopt two
groups of VT. However, if we consider adopting only independent VT windings, too much VTs will
be installed at generator terminal. It is not reasonable. So it is recommended to equip three VTs at
generator terminal, named VT1, VT2 and VT3. Panel A adopts voltage from VT1 and VT3 while
panel B from VT2 and VT3. During normal operation, panel A adopts VT1 and panel B adopts VT2
while VT3 is as a backup VT to both of them. If circuit of VT1 or VT2 fails, VT3 will be switched
over automatically by software.
(3) For zero sequence voltage, there are no two independent windings adopted by two sets of
protection equipments simultaneously in general. So the only one zero sequence voltage can be
used by two panels.
Circuit breaker failure initiation is very important to power plant. In general, generator protection
tripping contact is an essential condition to circuit breaker failure initiation. Considering importance
of such protection, it is recommended to realize it as follows:
(1) Only one set of circuit breaker failure initiation shall be equipped.
(2) In order to make it more reliable, circuit breaker failure initiation function can’t be integrated
into one equipment with electrical protection relays.
1.2 Functions
Table 1-1 Protective functions for generator
1.3 Features
1.3.1 High performance hardware
1.3.1.1 Parallel calculation of double CPU system
The hardware of any one CPU system comprises a 32-bit microprocessor and two digital signal
processors (DSP). Two CPU systems can operate in parallel companied by fast A/D converter.
The 32-bit microprocessor performs logic calculation and the DSPs perform the protection
calculation. High performance hardware ensures real time calculation of all protection relays within
a sampling interval.
On the premise of 24 samples per cycle, all data measurement, calculation and logic
discrimination could be done within one sampling period. The event recording and protection logic
calculation are completed simultaneously.
There is a set of independent fault detectors in the CPU processor in the RCS-985A relay. Its
operation supervises the tripping outputs. They will connect power supply to output relays when
operate. There are different fault detectors in the CPU module used for various protective
functions. The relay could drive a tripping output only when the fault detectors in the CPU module
and the fault detectors in the MON module operate simultaneously. This kind of independent
supervision of tripping outputs using fault detectors can avoid any maloperation possibly caused
by any hardware component fails. This highly increases the security.
Main and backup protection are integrated in one set of protection equipment. Protection
information such as sampled data and binary inputs are shared by all protective elements and no
more than one group of CTs or VTs at same side of the transformer need to be input into the
equipment for different protective element. Shunt connection of VT and serial connection of CT
that usual seen in secondary circuit before can be avoided, which greatly reduce the possibility of
circuit failure. Whilst the equipment can gather all information of any fault and record, all relevant
waveforms of it for offline analysis.
Elaborately designed tripping logic makes it possible of operation circuit to suit for various circuit
breakers.
The percentage differential protection adopts variable slope restraint characteristics and actual
unbalanced differential current effect can be simulated. In order to prevent unwanted operation of
differential protection due to CT saturation, countermeasures to discriminate CT saturation are
provided by means of waveform identification of phase current at each side.
DPEC percentage differential protection reflects only deviation components of differential current
and restraint current and is not affected by load current. It can detect small fault within generator.
Besides, it is insensitive to CT saturation since its restraint coefficient is set comparatively higher
than that of conventional differential protection.
Current from CTs of each side with different ratios are corrected to a single standard before
calculation.
Two discrimination principles for inrush current are provided: harmonics restraint and waveform
distortion restraint.
Based on the operation sequence of DPFC restraint current element and DPFC differential current
element of differential protection, external fault with CT saturation or internal fault can be
distinguished correctly. In case of internal fault, the relay will operate immediately. While in case of
external fault with CT saturation, the criterion of current waveform is adopted then. The relay will
not operate in case of persisting external fault if only CT saturation occur no less than 5ms after
the fault detectors pickup, but operate quickly when evolving external to internal fault occurs.
Transverse differential protection adopts percentage phase current restraint and floating threshold
to get high sensitivity in internal fault and high security in external fault. In addition, by adopting
techniques of the frequency tracking technique, digital filter technique and Fourier transformation
technique, the filtration ratio of third harmonic component can reach more than 100. All these
countermeasure guarantees the reliability of the protection in all occasions as mentioned as
below:
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
9
Chapter 1 Introduction
(1) The transverse differential protection can get reliable restraint effect because the faulty phase
current increases greatly while transverse differential current increases less in external fault
situation.
(2) The protection has very high operation sensitivity because transverse differential current
increases comparatively large whereas phase current change not too observably in slightly
interturn fault situation.
(3) The high-setting stage of transverse differential current protection will operate quickly and
reliably when severe interturn fault occurs in stator winding.
(4) In case of phase-to-phase fault of stator winding, not only transverse differential current but
also phase current increase greatly, therefore just low percentage restraint by phase current
guarantees the reliable operation of transverse differential protection against the fault.
(5) As for other increment of transverse differential unbalanced current in normal operation
condition, transverse differential current protection uses float threshold technique to avoid
unwanted operation.
By adopting techniques of the frequency tracking technique, digital filter technique and Fourier
transformation technique, the filtration ratio of third harmonic component can reach more than
100.
(1) Fault current increase greatly while longitudinal residual voltage increase less in external
three-phase fault, therefore the protection tends to be reliably restrained thanks to current
increment as restraint quantity.
(2) If external asymmetric fault occurs, phase current increases greatly with negative sequence
current, but the longitudinal residual voltage has a little bit increment, therefore the protection
tends to be reliably restrained by the mixing quantity of current increment and negative-sequence
component.
(3) The protection has very high operation sensitivity because longitudinal residual voltage
increases comparatively large whereas phase current hardly changes in slightly interturn faulty
situation.
(4) The high-setting stage of transverse differential current protection will operate quickly and
reliably when severe interturn fault occurs in stator winding.
(5) As for other increment of unbalanced longitudinal residual voltage in normal operation
condition, the protection uses floating-threshold technique to avoid unwanted operation.
(1) By adopting techniques of the frequency tracking technique, digital filter technique and
Fourier transformation technique, the filtration ratio of third harmonic component can reach more
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
10
Chapter 1 Introduction
than 100.
(2) The sensitive stage of fundamental residual voltage protection operates and issues trip
command only if the dual criteria’s of residual voltages of generator terminal and neutral point are
met at the same time.
(3) The ratio settings of third harmonic of generator terminal to that of neutral point used in third
harmonic ratio criteria will automatically suit to the change of ratio fore-and-aft incorporating in
power network third harmonic voltage of the plant unit. This automation adjustment function
ensures the correctness of signals generated and issued by the third harmonic voltage criteria
even during incorporation or isolation course of generator.
(4) The ratio and phase-angle difference of third harmonic voltage of generator terminal to that of
neutral point keeps almost stable when the generator is in normal operation condition; also it is a
slow developing course. Through real time adjustment of coefficient of amplitude value and phase,
RCS-985 makes differential voltage between generator terminal and neutral point as 0 in normal
operation condition. When stator earth fault occurs, the criteria tend to operate reliably and
sensitively.
1.3.2.9 Performance of stator earth fault protection with 20Hz voltage injection priciple
(1) The protection adopts digital technology to calculate earth fault resistance accurately;
(2) Settings configured two stage are provided. One stage operates to alarm, and the other stage
operates to trip;
(3) The residual current protection is free from impact of 20Hz power, which provides mainly
protection for comparatively severe stator earth fault;
Rotor earth fault protection adopts sampling-switch (ping-pong type) principle. Direct current is
inputted by high-performance isolated amplifier. Via switching two different electronic switch,
RCS-985 solves four different ground-loop equations to compute rotor winding voltage, rotor
ground resistance and earthing position on real time and display these information on LCD of the
protection.
If one point earth fault protection only issues alarm signals instead of tripping after operation, then
two-points earth fault protection will be put into service with a certain fixed delay automatically and
will operated to trip when two-point earth fault of rotor occurs.
The rotor earth fault protection has the task to detect high- or low-resistance earth faults in the
excitation circuit of synchronous generators. RCS-985 computes rotor ground resistance and
earthing position on real time by calculting the leak current in two different cases of square wave
voltage injection, and display these information on LCD of the protection.
The use of a low-frequency square-wave voltage as displacement voltage eliminates the influence
of the rotor-earth capacitors and ensures at the same time a sufficient margin against interference
signals from the interference frequencies of the excitation system.
Out-of-step protection adopts three-impedance element (got from positive-sequence current and
positive sequence voltage of generator) to distinguish out-of-step from steady oscillation. More
than that, the protection can accurately locates the position of oscillation center and record
oscillation slid numbers of external and internal oscillation respectively in real time.
Two groups of VT inputs are equipped at generator terminal. If one group fails, the equipment will
issue alarm and switch over to the healthy one automatically. It doesn’t need to block protective
element relevant to voltage.
This function adopts percentage differential principle. Detection ability of CT circuit failure can be
enhanced significantly and unwanted operation can be avoided then.
1.3.3 Intellectuality
1.3.3.1 Friendly HMI interface
The HMI interface with a LCD and a 9-button keypad on the front panel is very friendly to the user.
Real time, connection diagram, phase current, differential current and voltage can be displayed on
LCD during normal condition.
1.3.3.2 Transparency
More than 500 sampled data including differential current and phase angle etc. can be displayed
on LCD. Meanwhile more than 1500 internal data of the equipment can be supervised through
dedicated auxiliary software RCSPC, which provides user with great convenience to know about
the operation situation of RCS-985.
CPU module: latest 32 groups of fault data and event sequence, 8 groups of fault oscillograms, 32
changes of binary input status and 32 self-supervision reports can be recorded.
MON module: when the equipment picks up, oscillograms of all analog sampling quantity,
differential current and operation of the protection equipment can be recorded with duration up to 4
seconds or 8 seconds.
The file format of event or fault report is compatible with international COMTRADE format.
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
12
Chapter 1 Introduction
Two rear RS-485 ports with IEC 60870-5-103 protocol or MODBUS protocol, which can be
re-configured as optical fiber ports.
Various GPS clock synchronizations: second/minute pulse via binary input or RS-485, message
via communication ports and IRIG-B synchronization.
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001: 2000
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001: 1999
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L3
Scope: 2 Ie – 14 Ie
Note:
Id—differential current
Scope: 2 Ie – 10 Ie
≤25ms (Id≥2×[I_Pkp_Pcnt(SPT)Diff_Gen])
≤20 ms (Id≥1.5×[I_Inst(SPT)Diff_Gen])
Note:
Id—differential current.
Scope: 2 Ie – 14 Ie
≤35 ms (Id≥2×[I_Pkp_Diff_Exc(ST)] )
≤25 ms (Id≥1.5×[I_InstDiff_Exc(ST)])
Note:
Id—differential current.
Scope: 1 V – 20 V
Scope: 2 V – 20 V
Scope: 0.1 s – 10 s
Scope: ≤40 ms
Scope: 1 V – 20 V
Scope: 1 V – 30 V
Scope: 0.5 – 10
Scope: 0.1 s – 10 s
Scope: 10 Ω – 1000 Ω
Scope: 0.1-100kΩ
Power cycle setting for rotor earth fault protection with injection principle
Scope: 0.1-10s
±2.5% or ±0.01 In
0.1 A – 100 A
0.05 A – 10 A
0.05 A – 10 A
Note:
0.5% - 10% Pn
0.1s – 10s
0.1 s – 600 s
0.01 s – 10 s
Frequency range 15 Hz – 65 Hz
Voltage: 0.05…2Vn
Performance
Every protective element has its own fault detector element in CPU and DSP respectively. When
the fault detector in CPU picks up, power supply of output relays will be connected. When both
two detector elements and operational element pick up, the protection element will operate to trip.
+ 24 V FD
controlled by fault
+ 24 V
detectors in MON
module
trip
relay R
tripping G1
commands tripping
=1
from CPU transistor
module
QDJ contact is controlled by general fault detectors calculated independently in MON module.
When the contact closes, the DC source of tripping relay is provided. The function of gate G1 is to
receive tripping commands sent from CPU module. When a tripping command arrives at the gate
G1, the driving transistor will be activated, and the trip relay’s contact will close to trip the breaker.
The general fault detectors calculated in MON module and operation elements calculated in CPU
module use their independent data sampled by themselves, so the equipment will not operate by
mistake due to any of module’s data channel’s failure.
Where:
I dφ max is the maximum value of three phase differential currents of generator-transformer unit.
Where:
I dφ max is the maximum value of three phase differential currents of main transformer.
Where:
∆I dt is the floating threshold value which will arise automatically and gradually according to
increasing of the output of deviation component. In order to ensure that the threshold value of
current is slightly higher than the unbalance output, multiple 1.25 of the deviation component is
reasonable.
• •
∆ I 1 …. ∆ I m are the DPFC current of each side of transformer respectively.
This fault detector is not influenced by the direction of power flow and so it is very sensitive. The
setting is fixed and need not to be set.
Where:
This fault detector will operate if maximum value of three phases current is greater than its setting
value.
Where:
∆I t is the floating threshold which will arise automatically and gradually according to increasing
of the output of deviation component. In order to ensure that the threshold current is slightly
higher than the imbalance value, multiple 1.25 of the deviation component is reasonable.
∆I is the half-wave integral of phase-to-phase current. I th is the fixed threshold of 0.2In and
This fault detector is used to release the distance protection at relevant side.
Where:
This fault detector will operate if the zero sequence current is higher than its setting value.
This fault detector will operate if the zero sequence voltage of open-delta VT is higher than its
setting value.
Where:
I dφ max is the maximum value of three phase differential currents of stepdown transformer.
Where:
I φ max is the maximum value of three phase currents at HV side of stepdown transformer.
This fault detector will operate if maximum value of three phases current is higher than its setting
value.
Where:
I φ max is the maximum value of three phase currents at LV side of stepdown transformer.
This fault detector will operate if maximum value of three phase currents of branch of auxiliary
stepdown transformer is higher than its setting value.
Where:
This fault detector will operate if the zero sequence current is higher than its setting value.
Where:
Where:
• •
∆ I 1 …. ∆ I m are the DPFC current of each side of generator respectively.
This fault detector is not influenced by the direction of power flow and so it is very sensitive. The
setting is fixed and need not to be set on site.
When the phase-splitting transverse differential current reaches pickup value of generator
phase-splitting transverse differential protection [I_Pkp_PcntSPTDiff_Gen], the fault detector of it
picks up.
The fault detector will operate when the transverse differential current is greater than the setting
[I_SensTrvDiff_Gen].
The fault detector will operate when the longitudinal zero sequence voltage is greater than the
setting [V_SensROV_Longl_Gen].
The fault detector will operate when the calculated directional element is met operating condition.
The fault detector will operate when the calculated zero sequence voltage is in excess of the
setting [V_SensROV_Sta].
The fault detector will operate when the ratio of 3rd harmonics voltage between neutral point
voltage and generator terminal voltage is greater than its ratio setting
[k_V3rdHRatio_PreSync_Sta] or [k_V3rdHRatio_PostSync_Sta].
The fault detector will operate when the differential 3rd harmonic voltage of neutral point and 3rd
harmonics voltage at the terminal of generator is greater than its setting [k_V3rdHDiff_Sta].
3.2.8.4 Fault detector of injection voltage scheme against stator earth fault protection
The fault detector will operate when the calculated grounded resistor is less than the resistor
setting [R_Alm_Inj_EF_Sta].
The fault detector operates when grounded resistance of rotor is less than its setting
[R_1PEF_RotWdg].
The fault detector operates when change of location of ground point of rotor is greater than its
internal setting.
The fault detector operates when maximum value of three phase currents is higher than its setting
[I_OvLd_Sta].
The fault detector operates when inverse time accumulated value is higher than its setting
[I_InvOvLd_Sta].
The fault detector operates when maximum value of negative sequence current is higher than its
setting [I_NegOC_Gen].
The fault detector operates when inverse time accumulated value is higher than its setting
[I_InvNegOC_Gen].
The fault detector operates when measured U/F is higher than definite time setting.
The fault detector operates when over excitation inverse time accumulated value is higher than
inverse time setting.
The fault detector operates when frequency is lower than its setting for a specified time interval.
The fault detector operates when frequency is higher than its setting for a specified time interval.
The fault detector operates when maximum phase current of generator is higher than setting of
unwanted closing protection.
The fault detector operates when negative sequence current of generator is higher than setting of
circuit breaker flashover protection.
The fault detector operates when maximum value of three phase differential currents is higher
than its setting.
The fault detector operates when maximum value of three phase currents is higher than its
setting.
The fault detector operates when maximum value of three phase currents of exciter winding is
higher than its definite time setting.
The fault detector operates when inverse time accumulated value is higher than inverse time
setting.
In following logic diagrams, all logic inputs starting with “En_**” represent enabling logic settings
which will be explained in Chapter 7, all logic inputs starting with “EBI_**” represent enabling
binary inputs from panel, and those starting with “Flag_**” represent internally generated flags
indicating whether or not a certain element is met.
During the normal operation, the magnitude and angle of secondary currents at each side of
transformer are different due to different CT ratios, different voltage levels and different
transformer connection groups. This kind of current differentiations shall be eliminated under
normal operation and compensated in fact by a built-in compensation method.
Sn
I b1n = (Equation 3.3-1)
3U b1n
Where:
U b1n is the rated phase-to-phase voltage at the calculated side of the transformer (i.e.
[U1n_HVS_Tr] or [U1n_LVS_Tr].)
I b1n
Ib 2n = (Equation 3.3-2)
nbLH
Where:
I b 2 n −b
K ph = (Equation 3.3-3)
I b 2n
Where:
The currents used in the following analysis have been corrected, that means the currents are the
products of the original secondary current of each side multiplying its own correction coefficient
( K ph ).
By defining which particular connection group the protected transformer belongs to, the proper
calculation routine will be applied.
• The positive polarity of CT at HV and MV side is at busbar side and that at LV side is at branch
side or generator side.
• Polarity of each secondary winding of CT is as same as shown in Figure 1.1-1 to Figure 1.1-2.
The secondary current phase shift compensation for all CTs are achieved by software, Y→∆
transform method is used for this purpose. For connection Y/∆-11, the correction equations are as
follows:
At side Y0:
•' • •
I A = (I A − I B ) / 3
•' • •
I B = (I B − I C ) / 3 (Equation 3.3-4)
•' • •
I C = ( I C − I A ) / 3
At side ∆:
•' •
•I a = I a
•
'
I• b = I b (Equation 3.3-5)
•
'
I c = Ic
Where:
• • •
I A , I B , I C are the secondary currents of CT at side Y.
• • •
I ' A , I ' B , I ' C are the corrected current of each phase at side Y.
• • •
I a , I b , I c are the secondary currents of CT at side ∆.
• • •
I ' a , I ' b , I ' c are the corrected currents of each phase at side ∆;
For other connection type,the current can be calculated according to the equations listed above.
The connection type can be selected by following logic settings (refer to chapter 7 power system
parameters).
[Yd11_Conn]
[Yyd11_Conn]
Note:
If your actual transformer connection group is not included in above two groups, please let us
know before you make the order.
Pn / cos θ
I f 1n = (Equation 3.3-6)
3U f 1n
Where:
[U1n_VT_NP_Gen].)
I f 1n
I f 2n = (Equation 3.3-7)
n fLH
Where:
Id
Restraint area
Icdqd Kbl1
0
Ie nIe Ir
Figure 3.3-1 Operation characteristic of percentage differential protection
Where:
I d is differential current,
I r is restraint current,
I e is rated current.
K bl1 is the first slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.05 – 0.15. 0.10 is applicable
usually.
K bl 2 is the second slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.50 – 0.80. 0.70 is
applicable usually.
Note:
For differential current of generator-transformer unit and main transformer, definition is different
for different program versions and can be found on individual project document.
For differential current of excitation transformer, I1 and I 2 are currents of HV side and LV side
A percentage differential protection with high percentage and high setting is equipped with the
equipment to prevent delayed operation of percentage differential protection caused by CT
saturation and other factors during serious internal fault. This protection is blocked only by inrush
current criterion i.e. second harmonic of differential current or waveform discrimination. It can
prevent influence of steady state and transient CT saturation during external fault and can operate
correctly and quickly during internal fault even if CT is in saturation condition. Operation criterion
of this high setting percentage differential protection is:
I d > 1.2 × I e
(Equation 3.3-9)
I d > 1.0 × I r
Where
Figure 3.3-2 Operation characteristic of steady state high setting percentage differential protection
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met. For more detailed operation characteristic
please see Figure 3.3-3.
Note:
Parameters of this protection have been fixed in program and do not need to be configured by
user.
The aim of unrestrained instantaneous differential protection for transformer is to accelerate the
trip speed for transformer’s inner fault. So the element does not need any block element, but the
setting should be greater than maximum inrush current.
Where:
Note:
All the settings mentioned below are from main transformer for example.
(1) Steady state percentage differential protection element (described in section 3.3.3.1) will not
send tripping signal after CT saturation, CT circuit failure (optional), inrush current and
overexcitation. It can ensure sensitivity of protection and avoid unwanted operation when CT is
saturated during external fault. Its operation area is tint shadow area.
(2) High setting percentage differential protection element (described in section 3.3.3.2) will not
send tripping signal only due to CT circuit failure (optional) and inrush current. It eliminates
influence of transient and steady saturation of CT during external fault and ensures reliable
operation even if CT is in saturation condition during internal fault by means of its percentage
restraint characteristic. Its operation area is deep shadow area.
(3) Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection element (described in section 3.3.3.3) will
send tripping signal without any blocking if differential current of any phase reaches its setting. Its
operation area is over the above two areas with no shadow.
In the equipment, the second harmonic of differential current can be used to distinguish inrush
current. Its operation criterion is:
Where:
is recommended.
During internal fault, differential currents of various sides transferred by CT are basically
fundamental sinusoidal wave. But when the transformer is energized, lots of harmonics occur.
The waveform is intermittent and unsymmetrical. A special algorithm can be used for
discrimination of the inrush current.
S > kb*S +
(Equation 3.3-12)
S > St
Where:
S + is full cycle integral of the sum of instantaneous value of differential current and that of half
cycle before.
kb is a fixed constant.
S t = α * I d + 0 .1 * I e (Equation 3.3-13)
Where:
α is a proportional constant.
If any one of three phases can not meet above equation, the differential current can be
considered as inrush current and percentage differential relay will be blocked.
In this protection equipment, logic setting [Opt_Inrush_Ident_Tr] is provided for user to select the
restraint blocking principle. If the logic setting is set as “0”, discrimination by harmonics is enabled.
Otherwise, discrimination by waveform distortion is enabled.
In order to prevent unwanted operation of steady state percentage differential protection caused
by transient or steady state saturation of CT during external fault, composite harmonics of
secondary differential current is used for the protection equipment to discriminate saturation of CT.
The expression is as following:
Where:
When fault occurs, if DPFC of restraint current and DPFC of differential current appear
simultaneously, this is an internal fault. If DPFC of restraint current appears before DPFC of
differential current, this maybe an external fault and criterion of CT saturation shall be adopted in
this case. So unwanted operation of percentage differential protection due to CT saturation can
be prevented.
3.3.3.7 Differential current abnormality alarm and CT circuit failure blocking function
Differential current abnormality alarm with percentage restraint (see section 3.3.26.2) and instant
CT circuit failure blocking function (see section 3.3.26.3) are equipped with the equipment.
When a transformer is overexcited, the exciting current will increase sharply which may result in
unwanted operation of differential protection. Therefore the overexcitation shall be discriminated
to block the current differential protection. The fifth harmonic of differential current is used as
criterion of overexcitation discrimination.
Where:
Note:
High setting percentage differential protection is not blocked by fifth harmonic of differential
current.
[Flag_UIDP]
[En_InstDiff_Tr]
[FD_Diff_Tr]
[Flag_Inrush_Tr]
[Flag_HSDP_Tr]
&
[EBI_Diff_Tr] & &
[En_PcntDiff_Tr]
[Flag_CTS]
[FD_Diff_Tr]
[Flag_CTsat] ≥1 [Op_PcntDiff_Tr]
[Flag_Inrush]
[Flag_SPDP_Tr]
& & &
[EBI_Diff_Tr]
[En_PcntDiff_Tr]
[Flag_CTS]
[Flag_OvExc_Tr]
[FD_Diff_Tr]
Note:
The above logic diagram is also suit for differential protection of generator-transformer unit(GTU)
and stepdown transformer.
Where:
[Flag_UIDP _Tr] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of UIDP element is met.
[Flag_HSDP _Tr] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of HSDP element is met.
[Flag_SPDP _Tr] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of SPDP element is met.
[Flag_Inrush] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of inrush current detection is met.
[Flag_OvExc_Tr] is the flag indicating whether or not the transformer is in overexcitation state.
Restraint area
Kbl1
Icdqd
0
Ie nIe Ir
Figure 3.3-5 Operation characteristic of percentage differential protection
Where:
I d is differential current,
I r is restraint current,
K bl1 is the first slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.05 – 0.15. 0.05 is
recommended usually.
K bl 2 is the second slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.30 – 0.70. 0.50 is
recommended usually.
n is the multiple of restraint current at second percentage restraint coefficient and is fixed at 4.
For differential protection of generator and exciter, I1 and I 2 are currents of terminal and neutral
point respectively.
In order to prevent unwanted operation of steady state percentage differential protection due to
CT transient or steady state saturation during external fault, discrimination of waveform of
differential current principle is adopted as criterion of CT saturation.
When fault occurs, the equipment decides firstly whether it is internal or external fault. If it is
external fault, criterion of CT saturation is enabled. If any phase differential current of differential
protection meets the criterion, it is decided that this differential current comes from CT saturation
and the percentage differential protection will be blocked.
A percentage differential protection with high percentage coefficient and high pick-up setting is
equipped with the equipment to prevent operation of percentage differential protection delayed by
CT saturation and other factors during serious internal fault. It can prevent influence of steady
state and transient CT saturation during external fault due to its percentage restraint characteristic
and can operate correctly and quickly during internal fault and CT being saturated. Operation
criterion of this high setting percentage differential protection is
I d > 1.2 × I e
(Equation 3.3-17)
I d > 1.0 × I r
Where:
Differential current I d and restraint current I r are the same as mentioned above.
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met.
Parameters of this protection are configured during manufacturing and not need to be configured
in site.
This protection will operate and trip immediately if differential current of any phase is higher than
its setting.
3.3.4.5 Differential current abnormality alarm and CT circuit failure blocking function
Differential current abnormality alarm with percentage restraint (see section 3.3.26.2) and instant
CT circuit failure blocking function (see section 3.3.26.3) are equipped with the equipment.
Where:
[Flag_UIDP _Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of UIDP element is met.
[Flag_HSDP _Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of HSDP element is met.
[Flag_SPDP _Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of SPDP element is met.
[EBI_Diff_Gen]: is enabling binary input for all kinds of differential protection of generator.
∆I d = ∆ I 1 + ∆ I 2 + ∆ I 3 + ∆ I 4
Where:
∆I dt is floating threshold which increases progressively along with DPFC increasing. Take its
multiple as 1.25 can ensure threshold voltage always a bit higher than imbalance current. So that
unwanted operation of the equipment can be avoided during power swing and frequency
deviation conditions.
Generally, for differential protection of main transformer, ∆I1 , ∆I 2 , ∆I 3 and ∆I 4 are DPFCs of
currents of sides 1 and 2 at HVS of main transformer, generator terminal and HV side of stepdown
transformer respectively. But for some specific design, ∆I1 can represents the HVS current of
For differential protection of generator, ∆I1 and ∆I 2 are currents at the terminal of generator
For split phase transverse differential protection, ∆I1 and ∆I 2 are currents of two branches of
neutral point.
Note:
Calculation of restraint current of DPFC percentage differential protection is different from the
steady state percentage differential protection, it is difficult to test this function on site, so we
recommend only qualitative function test on site.
DPFC differential protection is equipped to each phase of generator, but user should know that
the restraint DPFC quantity for every phase is the same maximum value among the three phases.
The following figure shows operating characteristic of DPFC percentage differential protection.
differential current
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met. For DPFC percentage differential
protection of main transformer, second harmonic or waveform inrush current blocking and fifth
harmonic over excitation blocking are adopted. It can prevent influence of steady state and
transient CT saturation during external fault due to its percentage restraint characteristic.
This protective element has high ability to eliminate the effect of transient and steady saturation of
CT during the external fault because the restraint coefficient is set at a higher value.
In the figure:
[Flag_DPFC_Diff_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of DPFC differential
element is met.
[EBI_Diff_Gen]: is enabling binary input for all kinds of differential protection of generator.
[En_Diff_Gen]: general logic setting for enabling differential protection of generator.
[Flg_IntanCTS] is the internally generated flag indicating that CT supervision program detects
failure of CT circuit with no delay considered into account.
Settings of DPFC percentage differential protection is are fixed and need not to be set on site.
Figure 3.3-9 shows operation characteristic of impedance element. In this figure, I is phase
current, U is corresponding phase-to-phase voltage, Zn is reverse impedance setting, Zp is
forward impedance setting.
jX
•
I Zp
• •
U− I Zp
ϕm •
U
R
• •
• U + I Zn
− I Zn
Operation criterion:
• •
(U − I Z P )
90 o < Arg • •
< 270 o (Equation 3.3-19)
(U + I Z n )
The fault detector of impedance protection adopts DPFC of phase current and negative sequence
current. Initiation of the fault detector will be lasted for 500 ms and will be kept if impedance relay
operates during this time interval. Operation criterion of the fault detector is
Where:
∆I t is floating threshold which increases progressively along with DPFC increasing. Take its
multiple as 1.25 can ensure threshold current always a bit higher than imbalance current. So that
unwanted operation of the equipment can be avoided during system swing and frequency
deviation conditions.
I th is the fixed threshold. When DPFC of phase-to-phase current is higher than 0.3 Ie, the fault
detector operates.
The impedance protection will be disabled automatically if the VT circuit failure is discriminated.
[Flag_VTS ]
[Flag_Z1_HVS_Tr] &
[Op_Z1_HVS_Tr]
&
[En_PPF_Tr]
t
&
[EBI_PPF_Tr ]
[FD_Dist_HVS_Tr]
Where:
[Flag_Z1_HVS_Tr] is internally generated flag indicating whether or not zone 1 of distance protective
element of transformer operates.
[Flag_VTS] is flag indicating whether or not the VT circuit fails. “1” means failure.
Function of overcurrent protection with composite voltage blocking is equipped with RCS-985A.
This protection, consisting of 2 stages and 2 time delays per stage, is used for phase-to-phase
backup protection of main transformer. Of which, function of composite voltage element can be
enabled or disabled by logic setting.
The voltage control element is an element which will operate if phase-to-phase voltage is lower
than the setting [Vpp_VCE_Tr] or negative sequence voltage is greater than its setting
[V_NegOV_VCE_ Tr]..
Criteria:
Where:
All two stages of definite time overcurrent protection can be controlled by voltage element by
configuring related logic settings [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Tr] and [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Tr].
Meanwhile, User can decide by which side voltage overcurrent protection be controlled by
configuring related settings. For example, if the setting [En_LVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Tr] is set as “1”,
then the overcurrent protection is controlled not only by HV side voltage element but also by LV
side voltage element.
For self and parallel-excited generator, current will decrease so quick during fault that it may be
lower than overcurrent setting before tripping. So memorized function for fault current is equipped
with this protection. Logic setting [En_Mem_Curr_Tr] is used for configure of this function.
Note:
When logic setting [En_Mem_Curr_Tr] is enabled, the overcurrent must be controlled by voltage
element.
When VT on one side is under maintenance or bus-tie breaker is used for the transformer but its
VT has not been switched over to the protection equipment, VT circuit failure is detected. Logic
setting [Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Tr] is used to configure performance of voltage control element during
VT circuit failure. When this logic setting is set as “1”, if VT circuit failure is detected, the voltage
control element cannot pick up and the protection will not operate. When this logic setting is set as
“0”, if VT circuit failure is detected on this side, voltage control element is forced to be satisfied,
then the voltage controlled directional overcurrent protection controlled by voltage will becomes a
pure overcurrent protection.
Upp< [Vpp_VCE_Tr]
=1
U2>[V_NegOV_VCE_ Tr] &
[Flag_VCE_Tr]
[Flag_VTS] =1
&
[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Tr]
&
[En_Mem_Curr_Tr]
[Flag_Ocn_Tr] =1
& [Op_OCn_Tr]
[Flag_VCE_Tr] & t
=1
[En_VCE_Ctrl_OCn_Tr]
[En_PPF_Tr]
&
[EBI_PPF_Tr]
[FD_OCn_Tr]
Where:
[Flag_VTS]: is the internally generated flag indicating whether or not the VT circuit fails.
[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Tr] is the setting to configure the VCE mode under VT circuit failure.
[Op_OCn_Tr] indicates that whether or not the stage n of overcurrent protection operates.
Zero sequence overcurrent relay is mainly used as backup protection of ground fault for
transformer with neutral point earthed. Two stages and two time delays zero sequence
overcurrent relay is equipped with RCS-985A. The zero sequence current is usually adopted from
neutral point CT.
By setting logic settings, following functions of any stages of this protection can be selected:
The direction of zero sequence overcurrent protection points to system definitely with the reach
angle 75º. If the VT failure at HV side occurs, the directional element will be out of service.
The voltage used by directional relay is definitely the calculated voltage. The direction mentioned
above is based on the CT positive polarity for calculated zero sequence current being at the side
of busbar. The details are shown in Figure 1.1-1 to Figure 1.1-2.
Figure 3.3-12 shows operating characteristic of directional protection in which the hatched area is
operation zone.
Zero sequence voltage element uses definitely the open-delta voltage of VT.
3U0>[V_ROV_VCE_Tr]
=1
[En_VCE.ROV_Ctrl_ROCn_Tr]
[Flag_Dir_ROC_Tr]
=1 & [Op_ROCn_Tr]
[En_Dir_Ctrl_ROCn_Tr] & t
[Flag_ROCn_Tr]
&
[En_EF_Tr]
[EBI_EF_Tr]
[FD_ROC_Tr]
Where:
[Flag_Dir_ROC_Tr] is flag indicating that whether or not the criterion of directional element is met.
[Flag_ROCn_Tr] is flag indicating that the zero sequence current is above the setting.
[EBI_EF_Tr] is the binary input to enable/disable the earth fault protection of transformer.
[Op_ROCn_Tr] indicates that the stage n of zero sequence overcurrent protection operates.
Gap zero-sequence protection is used for backup protection of main transformer with neutral point
grounded through gap. Gap zero sequence overvoltage protection is used for backup protection
of main transformer with neutral point ungrounded or grounded through gap.
RCS-985A provide one stage with time delays of gap zero-seuqence overcurrent protection and
one stage with time delays of gap zero-seuqence overvoltage protection.
During the gap broken down, gap zero-sequence overcurrent and gap zero-sequence overvoltage
will appear alternatively. Once gap zero-sequence overcurrent protection or gap zero-sequence
overvoltage operates, the protective device will keep the operating signal interactively so that the
protective device can operate reliably.
Gap zero-sequence overcurrent and overvoltage protection can be enabled by enabling binary
input from the protection panel as well as external contact input. If the setting
[En_BI_Ctrl_ROC_Gap_Tr] is set as “0”, Gap zero-sequence overcurrent and ovevoltage
protection are controlled by the enabling binary input only. If the setting
[En_BI_Ctrl_ROC_Gap_Tr] is set as “1”, the Gap ROV protection is enabled only when both the
enabling binary input is energized and binary external input (BI_Reserved) is “1”.
According to the case that circuit breaker is equipped at the terminal of generator, a zero
sequence voltage alarm can be provided on main transformer LV side as the supervision of
earthing fault. The voltage setting is usually set as 10V to 15V. The alarm can be enabled or
disabled by logic setting [En_Alm_ROV_LVS_Tr]. The function outputs alarm signals. To
RCS-985A, AC voltage input is from connectors (10B19, 10B20).
Overload alarm and initiate cooling are equipped as backup protection of HV side of main
transformer. Overload alarm and initiate cooling can be enabled or disabled by logic settings
[En_OvLd_Tr] and [En_InitCool_OvLd_Tr]. Outputs of initiate cooling are three normal open
contacts.
Transverse differential protection installed on connection between two neutral points of generator
is used as main protection of interturn fault of generator’s stator winding, open circuit fault of
branches and short circuit fault between phases.
Since this protection adopts frequency tracing, digital filtering and full cycle Fourier algorithm, the
third harmonic can be reduced to 1/100 within the frequency tracing range and the protection can
response the fundamental component only.
This protection comprises two stages: unsensitive stage (high setting stage) and sensitive stage.
This stage is equivalent to traditional transverse differential protection. When the transverse
differential current is in excess of the setting [I_InsensTrvDiff_Gen], the protective element
operates.
Phase current percentage restraint principle is used for this stage. The operation criterion is
Where:
Phase current percentage restraint transverse differential principle can ensure no unwanted
operation during external fault and sensitive operation during internal fault. As this principle is
adopted, current setting of the transverse differential protection shall be only higher than
unbalance current during normal operation and much less than that of traditional transverse
differential current protection. Sensitivity for interturn fault of generator can be enhanced then.
This protection has also a floating threshold for high transverse differential unbalance current
during other normal operation conditions.
Operation of the high sensitive transverse differential protection will lead a tripping immediately.
When rotor of generator is grounded at one point, a configurable time delay [t_TrvDiff_Gen] will
be inserted in the tripping course. Figure 3.3-14 shows logic diagram of this protection.
Where:
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
65
Chapter 3 Description of Operation Theory
[Flag_1PEF_Rot] is internally generated flag indicating the one-point earth fault protection of rotor
operates.
[EBI_1PEF_Rot] is enabling binary input of one-point earth fault protection of rotor. “1” means
enabled.
Longitudinal zero sequence voltage protection is configured for inter-turn fault of stator winding of
generator. It uses open-delta voltage of dedicated VT at the terminal of generator as the criterion.
Since this protection adopts frequency tracing, digital filtering and full cycle Fourier algorithm, the
third harmonic can be reduced to 1/100 within the frequency tracing range and the protection can
response the basic wave component only.
This protection comprises two stages: unsensitive stage (high setting stage) and sensitive stage.
Setting of this stage shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage during external fault, whilst
directional flag indicating internal fault must be satisfied. When measured longitudinal zero
sequence voltage is in excess of the setting [V_InsensROV_Longl_Gen] and lasts for longer than
the delay setting [t_ROV_Longl_Gen], this protective element will trip breakers according to the
configuration of [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].
Phase current percentage restraint principle is used for this stage. The operation criterion is
U zo > [ 1 + K zo × I m / I e ] × U zozd
Im = 3 × I2 when I MAX < I e (Equation 3.3-23)
I m = (I MAX - I e ) + 3 × I 2 when I MAX ≥ I e
Where:
Likely to transverse differential principle, this protective element can ensure no unwanted
operation during external fault and sensitive operation during internal fault. As for the percentage
restraint characteristic, zero sequence voltage setting of the zero sequence voltage protection
shall be only higher unbalance voltage during normal operation. Sensitivity for interturn fault of
generator can be enhanced then.
This protective element has also a floating threshold for high unbalance longitudinal zero
sequence voltage during other operation conditions.
Longitudinal zero sequence voltage protection for inter-turn fault of stator shall be blocked when
the dedicated VT2 circuit at the terminal of generator fails. There are two criteria to decide to
whether or not block the protection.
In the above three criterion, if one of the former two and the third are met simultaneity, the
longitudinal zero sequence voltage protection will be blocked.
| U AB - U ab | > 5V
| U BC - U bc | > 5V (Equation 3.3-24)
| U CA - U ca | > 5V
That any one of these three sub-criteria is met means criterion 2 picks up.
When any of criterion 1 and criterion 2 operates, alarm of VT2 circuit failure will be issued by
delay 40 ms and zero sequence voltage protection will be blocked.
After VT circuit failure reverting to normal condition, blocking can be released by pressing the
Target-reset button on the faceplate of the protection.
[Flag_LongiROV_Sta]
&
[Flag_VTS] [Op_ROV_Longl_Gen]
&
& t
[En_IntTurn_Gen]
[En_SensROV_Longl_Gen]
[EBI_IntTurn_Gen]
[FD_IntTurn_Sta]
Where:
If the three criterions are met simultaneity, the directional flag of protection is set. Under negative
sequence voltage and negative sequence current controlling, the protection operates after
0.2-0.5s time delay.
AC current and voltage input of directional DPFC protection are from the generator terminal
directly. When the VT1 at the generator terminal fails, directional DPFC protection is blocked. The
setting is default setting. The sensitivity is about 3V of longitudinal zero sequence voltage.
Directional DPFC protection for inter-turn fault can’t response to inter-turn fault before the
generator is connected into the power system.
Two stages impedance protection is equipped at the terminal of generator as its phase-to-phase
backup protection. Phase-to-phase current used in impedance relay is derived from CT at the
neutral point of generator. Circular impedance, directional circular impedance or drifted circular
impedance characteristic can be selected to act for these two stages. Circular characteristic suits
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
68
Chapter 3 Description of Operation Theory
case of forward setting of a zone being equal to its reverse setting. Directional circular
characteristic suits case of reverse setting of a zone being set as 0. Drifted circular characteristic
suits case of forward setting of a zone being higher than its reverse setting. Reach angle of
impedance protection is 78°. Positive direction of the impedance protection is configurable and
generally points to generator.
Figure 3.3-16 shows operation characteristic of impedance element. In this figure, I is phase
current, U is corresponding phase-to-phase voltage, Zn is reverse impedance setting, Zp is
forward impedance setting.
Operation criterion:
• •
(U − I Z P )
90 < Arg
o
• •
< 270 o (Equation 3.3-26)
(U + I Z n )
DPFC of phase current and negative current element are adopted as fault detector of impedance
protection. Initiation of the fault detector will be extended to 500 ms and will be kept if impedance
relay operates during this time interval. Operation criterion of the fault detector is
Where:
∆I t is floating threshold which increases gradually along with DPFC increasing. Take its multiple
as 1.25 can ensure threshold voltage always a bit higher than imbalance voltage.
jX
•
I Zp
• •
U− I Zp
ϕm •
U
R
• •
• U + I Zn
− I Zn
So unwanted operation of the equipment can be avoided during power swing and frequency
deviation conditions. I th is the fixed threshold. When DPFC of phase-to-phase current is higher
Note:
[Flag_VTS]
[Flag_Zn_Gen] &
&
[En_PPF_Gen] [Op_Zn_Gen]
& t
[EBI_PPF_Gen]
[FD_Dist_Gen]
Where:
This protection is used as a backup protection of generator, main transformer, HV busbar and
neighboring power lines. There are two stages with their own delay settings respectively. Stage 1
is used to trip bus coupler breaker or other circuit breaker and stage 2 to shut down the generator.
Figure 3.3-18 shows its logic diagram.
For generators with self shunt excitation, current will decrease so quickly during fault that it may
be lower than overcurrent setting before tripping. So memorized function for remember fault
current is equipped with this protection. Logic setting [Opt_ExcMode_Gen] is used for
configuration of this function. See details about the setting in section 7.3.9.
Note:
Overcurrent protection can be blocked not only by composite voltage at terminal of generator but
also by composite voltage on HV side of main transformer. This function can be configured by
setting logic setting [En_HVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Gen] as “1”.
Upp< [Vpp_VCE_Gen]
=1
U2>[V_NegOV_VCE_ Gen] &
=1 [Flag_VCE_Gen]
[Flag_VTS]
&
[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Gen]
&
[Opt_ExcMode_Gen]
=1
[Flag_Ocn_Gen]
[En_PPF_Gen]
&
[EBI_PPF_Gen]
[FD_Ocn_Gen]
Figure 3.3-18 Logic diagram of overcurrent relay with composite voltage blocking
Where:
Single-phase earth fault within 85% - 95% range from terminal of stator winding can be protected
by fundamental zero-sequence overvoltage protection.
This protection comprises two stages: sensitive stage and unsensitive stage (high setting stage).
Where:
U 0zd = K rel U unb.max , U 0zd is operation threshold setting of fundamental zero sequence voltage
[V_SensROV_Sta].
To assure its security, user should check the setting by comparing it with the transferred zero
sequence voltage through coupling capacitance between HV side and LV side of transformer
when external earth fault occurs on the HV side of the transformer. Meanwhile, settings, including
time delay and operation setting, should be considered to cooperate with that of earth fault
protection of the system.
Where:
U 0hzd is the zero sequence voltage high setting [V_InsensROV_Sta]. 20V ~ 25V is
recommended generally.
This protection is designed to cover only about 25% of earth fault of the stator. Third harmonic
voltage of generator terminal is got from its open-delta zero sequence voltage. Third harmonic
voltage of neutral point side is got from neutral point VT of the generator.
Where:
U 3T and U 3N are third harmonic voltage of generator terminal and neutral point respectively.
In addition, settings are provided for deciding whether the ratio protection of third harmonics
voltage is used for alarm or tripping or both.
• • •
U 3T − K t × U 3 N > Kre × U 3 N (Equation 3.3-31)
Where:
• •
U 3T and U 3 N are third harmonic vector voltage of generator terminal and neutral point,
This protection is enabled automatically when the generator has been connected with the system
and load current is higher than 0.2 Ie (generator rated current) and only issues alarms if operates.
(1) Open-delta VT circuit failure alarm of terminal and neutral point of generator
Since open-delta voltages of VT at neutral point and generator terminal are taken for zero
sequence voltage protection of stator, failure of these VT circuits will make this protection fail to
operation. So alarm shall be issued during this case. Third harmonic voltage ratio criterion and
third harmonic voltage differential criterion shall be disabled during VT circuit failure at generator
neutral point.
Positive sequence voltage of secondary winding of generator terminal is higher than 0.9Un and
third harmonic of zero sequence voltage is lower than 0.1V.
VT circuit failure alarm will be issued by delay 10s and reverted automatically by delay 10s when
the failure vanishes.
Secondary circuit failure of VT1 of generator terminal will not influence ground protection of stator.
Primary circuit failure of VT1 of generator terminal will cause basic wave component of zero
sequence voltage of generator terminal increasing and third harmonic component decreasing,
and will not cause unwanted operation of basic wave zero sequence voltage protection and third
harmonic voltage ratio protection. However, it will cause unwanted operation of third harmonic
voltage differential protection, so this protection shall be blocked during this failure. Operation
criterion of this failure are:
When these criterions are met, VT1 primary circuit failure alarm will be sent by short delay and
third harmonic voltage differential protection will be blocked.
Figure 3.3-19 and Figure 3.3-20 show logic diagrams of fundamental zero sequence voltage earth
fault protection and third harmonic voltage earth fault protection respectively.
[En_Alm_ROV_Sta]
[Flag_VTS] [Alm_ROV_Sta]
& t
[Flag_SensROV_Sta] &
[En_EF_Sta]
& [Op_SensROV_Sta]
[En_Trp_ROV_Sta] & t
[EBI_ROV_Sta]
[FD_EF_Sta]
Figure 3.3-19 Logic diagram of fundamental zero sequence overvoltage earth fault protection of
stator
Where:
[EBI_ROV_Sta] is binary input of enabling earth fault protection. “1” means enabled.
[En_Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
[Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
[Flag_VTS] & t
&
[Flag_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
[En_EF_Sta]
[Op_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
& & t
[En_Trp_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
[EBI_V3rd_Sta]
[FD_EF_Sta]
Figure 3.3-20 Logic diagram of third harmonic voltage earth fault protection of stator
Where:
[EBI_V3rd_Sta] is state flag of binary input of enabling ratio protection of 3rd harmonics voltage.
“1” means enabled.
If an earth fault in the generator neutral point or close to the neutral is not detected, the generator
is running with an “earthing”. A subsequent fault (e.g. a second earth fault) causes a single-pole
short-circuit that may have an extremely high fault current because the generator zero impedance
is very small.
Figure 3.3-21 shows the basic protection principle. An external low-frequency alternating voltage
source (20 Hz) injects into the generator neutral point a voltage of max. 1 % of the rated generator
voltage. If an earth fault occurs in the generator neutral point, the 20 Hz voltage drives a current
through the fault resistance. From the driving voltage and the fault current, the protective relay
determines the fault resistance. The protection principle described here also detects earth faults
at the generator terminals, including connected components such as voltage transformers.
Figure 3.3-21 Circuit Design of the 100% voltage-injecting Stator Earth Fault Protection with
Earthing Transformer
To implement the above concept, some additional equipment is required. Figure 3.3.10 shows
that a 20Hz generator generates a square-wave voltage. This square-wave voltage is fed via a
band pass filter into the loading resistor of the earthing. The band pass serves for rounding the
squarewave voltage and for storing energy. The band pass has also a protection function. If the
load resistor carries the full displacement voltage in case of a terminal-to-earth fault, the higher
series resistance of the band pass protects the 20Hz generator from high feedback currents.
The driving 20Hz voltage is picked up directly at the loading resistor via a voltage divider. In
addition, the 20Hz current flow is measured via a intermediate miniature CT. Both quantities (USEF
and ISEF) are fed to the protection device. The voltage to be injected into the generator neutral
point depends on the driving 20Hz voltage (voltage divider: load resistor and band pass filter), and
on the transformation ratio of the earthing transformer.
To prevent the secondary load resistance from becoming too small (it should be greater than 0.5Ω,
where possible), a high secondary rated voltage should be chosen for the earthing or neutral
transformer. 500 V has proven to be a good value.
RCS-985A provides two settings to issue alarm signals or issue tripping command. The high
setting of earth resistance is used for alarm and the low setting is for tripping. The operation
equation for tripping (the below first equation) and alarming (second equation)are shown as
below:
RE < REsetL
(Equation 3.3-32)
RE < REsetH
(Equation 3.3-33)
Where:
The same measuring principle can also be used with a primary loading resistor. The 20Hz voltage
is connected in this case via a voltage transformer, and the neutral point current is directly
measured.
From the two measured quantities USEF and ISEF in Figure 3.3-21, the 20 Hz current and voltage
vectors are calculated, and from the resulting complex impedance the ohmic fault resistance is
determined. This method eliminates disturbances caused by the stator earth capacitance, and
ensures a high sensitivity. The measuring accuracy is further increased by using mean current
and voltage values obtained over several cycles for calculating the resistance.
The model takes into account a transfer resistance RPS that may be present at the neutral,
earthing or voltage transformer. Other error factors are taken into account in the angle error.
In addition to the determination of the earth resistance, the protection function features an earth
current stage which processes the current r.m.s. value and thus takes into account all frequencies
especially fundamental element. It is used as a backup stage and covers approx. 80 to 90 % of
the protection zone.
The great advantage of this element is that more close to the terminal of generator the fault point
locates, more high sensitivity the element can get, which can realize 100% stator earth fault
protection cooperated with the earth resistance element. The following equation is executived by
the protection.
Where:
I E is earth current of generator stator used in the element without being subjected to digital filter.
A monitoring circuit checks the coupled external 20 Hz voltage and the 20 Hz curren and detects
by evaluating them a failure of the 20 Hz generator or of the 20 Hz connection. In case of a failure,
the resistance determination is blocked. The earth current stage remains active. The equation
shown as below is used for issuing external voltage circuit alarm signals if satisfied:
U 20 < U 20 set
(Equation 3.3-35)
I 20 < I 20 set
Where:
The protection function has an alarm stage and a trip stage. Both stages can be delayed with a
timer. The earth current detection acts only on the trip stage. The evaluation of the earth
resistance measurement is blocked between 10 Hz and 40 Hz, because in this frequency range a
zero voltage can also be generated by generators starting up or slowing down. Such a zero
voltage would then superimpose the connected 20 Hz voltage, causing measurement errors and
overfunctioning.
The resistance measurement function is active with frequencies below 10 Hz (i.e. at standstill)
and above 40 Hz. The earth current measurement is active over the entire range.
Figure 3.3-22 Logic diagram of the 100% voltage-injecting Stator Earth Fault Protection
If one-point earth fault of rotor occurs, insulation resistance between rotor winding and the axis
will drop down.
Rotor earth fault protection measures earthing resistance Rg of the winding by calculting the leak
current in two different cases of square wave voltage injection, as shown in Figure 3.3-23. and
earthing resistance Rg and location of the earthing point “ α “ can be found by calculation.
There are two stages equipped for one-point earth protection: sensitive stage and regular stage.
Sensitive stage is used for alarm and regular stage for tripping or alarm.
Ry
Rg Us
Rx
αU
Ry
3.3.11.2 Ping-pang type (Switch-over sampling) rotor one point earth fault protection
If one-point earth fault of rotor occurs, insulation resistance between rotor winding and the axis
will drop down.
Rotor earth fault protection measures earthing resistance Rg of the winding by an unbalance
bridge as shown in Figure 3.3-25. Corresponding equations can be got by switching over S1 and
S2 alternately, and earthing resistance Rg and location of the earthing point “ α “ can be found by
calculation.
There are two stages equipped for one-point earth protection: sensitive stage and regular stage.
Sensitive stage is used for alarm and regular stage for tripping or alarm.
U
+ aU -
rotor
R Rg R
S1 S2 R
R
If one-point earth protection is used for alarm only, when earth resistance Rg is less than setting
of its regular stage [R_1PEF_RotWdg], it will switch over two-points ground protection program by
a delay automatically. If the location of the earthing point varies and the variation reaches its
setting value (fixed value 3%), two points earth fault protection will operate and issue a tripping
command. In order to improve the reliability, the two points earth fault protection can be blocked
by setting [En_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg] as “1”. Figure 3.3-25 and Figure 3.3-26 show logic diagram
of one point and two points earth fault protection of rotor.
Rg < [R_Sens_1PEF_RotWdg]
[Alm_Sens_1PEF_RotWdg]
[En_Alm_Sens_1PEF_RotWdg]
&
[En_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg]
[Alm_1PEF_RotWdg]
[Rg <[R_1PEF_RotWdg] & t
&
[En_EF_RotWdg]
[FD_EF_RotWdg]
Figure 3.3-25 Logic diagram of Ping-Pang type one-point earth fault protection of rotor
t
[Flag_1PEF_RotWdg]
a>3% &
[En_EF_RotWdg]
[Flag_V2ndH_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg] t
=1 & [Op_2PEF_RotWdg]
[En_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg]
[En_2PEF_RotWdg]
[EBI_EF_RotWdg]
[FD_EF_Rotor]
Figure 3.3-26 Logic diagram of Ping_Pang type two-points earth fault protection of rotor
There are two stages equipped with definite time stator overload protection: one for alarm and
another for tripping. Figure 3.3-28 shows its logic diagram.
Inverse time stator overload protection consists of three parts: low setting initiator, inverse time
part and upper limit definite time part.
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
81
Chapter 3 Description of Operation Theory
Inverse time part can simulates generator-heating process including heat accumulation and
dissipation. When stator current reaches its low setting I SZD , inverse time part initiates and the
heat is accumulated. When the stator current is lower than rated value, the heat accumulation will
decrease accordingly.
Figure 3.3-27 shows the inverse time curve. In the figure, t min is delay of upper limit of inverse
I
Ih
Iszd
t min t max
[( I I ezd) − (K srzd ) ] × t ≥ KS zd
2 2
(Equation 3.3-36)
Where:
Figure 3.3-29 shows logic diagram of inverse time stator overload protection.
I>[I_Alm_OvLd_Sta]
t [Alm_OvLd_Sta]
&
[En_OvLd_Sta]
I>[I_OvLd_Sta]
&
[En_OvLd_Sta] t [Op_OvLd_Sta]
&
[TrpLog_OvLd_Sta].bit0
&
[EBI_Ovld_Sta]
[FD_Ovld_Sta]
I > [I_InvOvLd_Sta]
&
&
[En_OvLd_Sta] tmin
& [Op_InvOvLd_Sta]
[TrpLog_InvOvLd_Sta].bit0
&
[EBI_EF_Sta]
[FD_InvOvLd_Sta]
There are two stages equipped with definite time negative sequence overload protection: one for
alarm and the other for tripping. Figure 3.3-31 shows its logic diagram.
Inverse time negative sequence protection consists of three parts: low setting initiator, inverse
time part and upper limit definite time part.
Inverse time part can simulate generator-heating process including heat accumulation and
dissipation. When negative sequence current reaches its low setting [I_InvNegOC_Gen], inverse
time part initiates and the heat is accumulated. When the stator current is lower than permissive
continuous negative sequence current [I2_Perm_Sta], the heat accumulation will decrease
accordingly.
[( I 2 I ezd) − (I 21 ) ] × t ≥ A
2 2
(Equation 3.3-37)
Where:
Figure 3.3-30 shows the inverse time curve. In the figure, t min ([tmin_InvNegOC_Gen]) is delay of
upper limit of inverse time curve and I 2 SZD ([I_InvNegOC_Gen]) is setting of the inverse time
I2zd
t min t max
Figure 3.3-30 Operation curve of inverse time negative sequence overload protection of stator
[En_NegOC_Sta]
t [Alm_NegOC_Sta]
&
I2>[I_Alm_NegOC_Sta]
[t_Alm_NegOC_Sta]
I2>[I_NegOC_Sta]
&
[En_NegOC_Sta] t
& [Op_NegOC_Sta]
[TrpLog_NegOC_Sta].bit0
& [t_NegOCn_Sta]
[EBI_NegOC_Sta]
[FD_NegOC_Sta]
Figure 3.3-31 Logic diagram of definite time negative sequence overload protection
I >[I_InvNegOC_Sta]
& &
[En_NegOC_Stator] t min
& [Op_InvNegOC_Sta]
[TrpLog_InvNegOC_Sta].bit0
[EBI_InvNegOC_Sta] &
[FD_InvNegOC_Sta]
Figure 3.3-32 Logic diagram of inverse time negative sequence overload protection
Loss of excitation represents abnormal operation of generator due to excitation failure. There are
four criterion used for loss-of-excitation protection: under voltage, stator side impedance, rotor
side undervoltage/excitation voltage and power output reduction.
Three phase voltages on bus generally and those at generator terminal sometimes are taken as
Where:
When bus voltage is taken as the criterion, if bus VT circuit fails, the protection will be blocked.
When generator terminal voltage is taken as the criterion, if one group of VT circuit fails, the other
group of VT will be switched over automatically.
This criterion is impedance circle including asynchronous impedance circle and steady state
stabilization limit circle. The operation criterion is
Z + jX B
270° ≥ Arg ≥ 90° (Equation 3.3-39)
Z − jX A
Where:
X A can be set as the system impedance Xs for steady state stabilization limit circle and
X B is taken as Xd + 1/2X 'd for round rotor generator and (X d + X q )/2 + X 'd /2 for salient pole
generator.
The impedance criterion can be combined with reverse reactive power criterion, i.e.,
Q < [Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen].
Figure 3.3-33 a) and b) show operation characteristics of steady state stabilization impedance
relay and asynchronous impedance relay, where the hatched area is operating area, and the
dotted line is operation limit of reverse reactive power.
(a) (b)
Besides operation criterion mentioned above, there are also auxiliary operation criterion, namely:
(2) Negative sequence voltage U2 is lower than 0.1 Un (rated voltage of generator); and
Where:
Ur is exciting voltage.
Xs is equivalent reactance on system side connected with the generator (per unit value);
S is rated apparent power of generator (per unit value);
K r is reliability coefficient.
If Ur drops to zero or minus value suddenly during loss of excitation, the rotor under voltage
criterion will be met quickly before steady state stability limit of the generator reaches. If Ur drops
to zero or reduces to a value gradually during loss of excitation, the variable excitation voltage
criterion will be reached. Excitation under voltage or loss of excitation will cause out-of-step, and
then excitation voltage and output power of the generator will swing seriously. In this case, the
rotor under voltage criterion and the variable excitation voltage criterion will be met and withdrawn
periodically in general. So the excitation voltage element will revert with delay during out-of-step
condition while the impedance entering the steady state stability limit circle.
When out-of-step occurs during loss of excitation, power output of generator will swing within a
certain range. P represents average power output within an oscillation period. Pzd is the setting
[P_LossExc_Gen].
Three stages are equipped with loss-of-excitation protection: stage 1 is used for reduction of
power output and alarm, stage 2 (with bus undervoltage criterion) is used for tripping and stage 3
is used for tripping with long delay.
Figure 3.3-34 shows logic diagram of stage 1 of loss-of-excitation protection. If excitation is lost,
this stage will be used to reduce power output to a pre-set level and issue alarm.
Notes:
[Flag_RotVarU_LossExc_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the variable voltage threshold
criterion of excitation is met, “1” means it is met.
[Flag_Z_LossExc_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the impedance criterion calculated by
voltage and current of stator side is met, “1” means the calculated impedance shows the
character of loss of excitation.
Figure 3.3-35 shows logic diagram of stage 2 of loss of excitation protection. If excitation is lost
and voltage on HV side bus of main transformer ( or voltage at terminal of generator) is lower than
its setting, this stage will trip with delay. In configuring this stage, considering of security, it is
strongly recommended that impedance criterion should be used as well as busbar criterion rather
than the model that only busbar undervoltage criterion and rotor undervoltage criterion are used.
Upp<[V_BusUV_LossExc_Gen] &
[En_BusUV_LossExc2_Gen] ≥1
[Flag_RotUV_LossExc_Gen]
&
[Flag_RotVarU_LossExc_Gen]
t
≥1 &
[En_RotUV_LossExc2_Gen] [Op_LossExc2_Gen]
[Flag_Z_OvLoss2_Gen] &
&
[En_Z_LossExc2_Gen]
≥1
Q>[Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen] &
[En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
[En_LossExc_Gen]
[EBI_LossEXC_Gen]
[TrpLog_LossExc2_Gen].bit 0
[FD_LossExc_Gen]
Figure 3.3-36 shows logic diagram of stage 3 of loss of excitation protection. It is used for tripping
with long delay
jx
Za
U
D
Zc
OL
IL 3
2
1 IR 1
OR
0 R
L R
Zb
In Figure 3.3-37, lens ② divides impedance plane into inside part I and outside part O, boundary
② divides the impedance plane into left part L and right part R, and reactance line ③ divides the
impedance plane into upper part U and lower part D.
Considering lens ② and boundary ② comprehensively, the impedance plane is divided into four
area: OL, IL, IR and OR. If trace of impedance is passing through these four areas in sequence
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
90
Chapter 3 Description of Operation Theory
from right to left or vice versa, and staying in each area for a moment longer than the setting, this
case is considered as power swing. Times of the passing through are accumulated and the grand
total is considered as the times of pole sliding. When the grand total reaches its setting value,
out-of-step protection operates.
As to reactance line ③, if the impedance trace passes through the upper part U, the swing center
is considered outside the generator; If the trace passes through the lower part D, the swing center
is considered within the generator. Settings of times of pole sliding can be configured separately
for these two cases.
Out-of-step protection can be used either for alarm only or for tripping. Minimum swing period
which can be identified by this protection is 120 ms.
Notes:
[Flag_Blk_OOS_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not there are blocking element to OOS
protection operates.
[Flag_OOS_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the OOS element operates.
Upp>[V_OVn_Gen]
&
[En_VoltProt_Gen] &
& t [Op_OV_Gen]
[TrpLog_Ovn_Gen].bit0
[EBI_VoltProt_Gen]
[FD_OV_Gen]
[BI_SyncCondenser]
&
Upp.max<[V_UV_Gen]
[En_VoltProt_Gen] &
& t [Op_UV_Gen]
[TrpLog_UV_Gen].bit0
[EBI_VoltProt_Gen]
[FD_UV_Gen]
Two stages for tripping and one stage for alarm are equipped for definite over excitation
protection. Their time delay can be configured.
Where U pu and Fpu are per unit value of voltage and frequency respectively.
Figure 3.3-42 shows logic diagram of definite time over excitation protection.
Inverse time over excitation protection realizes inverse time characteristic by linear processing on
given inverse time operation characteristic, obtaining multiple of over excitation by calculation,
and getting corresponding operation delay by sectional linear insertion. It reflects heat
accumulation and radiation.
Figure 3.3-43 shows inverse time operation characteristics of over excitation protection. It can be
specified by 8 over excitation multiple settings n0 – n7.
U/F
n0
n1
n2
n3
n4
n5
n6
n7
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t(s) t7
The over excitation multiple settings n (= U/F) are within range of 1.0 – 1.5 in general. Maximum
time delay t is considered as long as 3000 s. Relation between various settings of n and t are:
n0 ≥ n1 ≥ n2 ≥ n3 ≥ n4 ≥ n5 ≥ n6 ≥ n7
t0 ≤ t1 ≤ t2 ≤ t3 ≤ t4 ≤ t5 ≤ t6 ≤ t7
[En_OvExc_Gen] [Alm_OvExc_Gen]
& t
U/F > [k_Alm_OvExc_Gen]
[TrpLog_OvExcn_Gen].bit0
&
[EBI_OvExc_Gen]
[En_OvExc_Gen]
[FD_OvExc_Gen]
[En_OvExc_Gen]
[FD_OvExc_Gen]
Only one stage is equipped for reverse power protection and underpower protection. Operation of
this protection will cause tripping.
Reverse power protection can prevent turbine blades or gears from damage in the case that the
generator transforms into a motor mode and flows reverse power due to loss of its motive force.
Where
P is the power calculated from three phase voltages and currents at terminal of generator.
One stage for tripping and another stage for alarm with independent delay setting respectively are
equipped with this protection.
Range of reverse power setting is 0.5% - 10% Pn , where Pn is rated active power of the
generator. Range of delay is 0.1 s – 600 s.
One stage of underpower protection is equipped for tripping. It is controlled by the binary input for
emergency shutoff of generator [BI_UrgBrake].
P<-[P_RevP_Gen]
& [Op_RevP_Gen]
[En_PwrProt_Gen] &
& t
[TrpLog_RevP_Gen].bit0
[EBI_PwrProt_Gen]
[FD_Pwr/AccEnerg_Gen]
[BI_52b_GCB]
[BI_Valve_Turbine]
&
P<-[P_SeqTrp_RevP_Gen] [Op_SeqTrpRevP_Gen]
[En_PwrProt_Gen] &
& t
[TrpLog_SeqTrp_RevP_Gen].bit0
[EBI_PwrProt_Gen]
[FD_Pwr/AccEnerg_Gen]
Four stages of underfrequency protection are equipped for RCS-985A. Stage 1 is usually
configured as accumulating frequency protection, and can be reset to zero only after erasing
reports. Stages 2, 3 and 4 can be configured as continuous frequency protection.
As to over frequency protection, two stages are equipped for RCS-985A and they will issue alarm
or trip when operates.
[En_Alm_UFn_Gen]
[BI_52b_CB_HVS1(2)_Tr]
& & t [Alm_UF_Gen]
f<[f_UFn_Gen]
[En_FreqProt_Gen]
[f_UFn_Gen].bit0 &
& t [Op_Ufn_Gen]
[EBI_FreqProt_Gen]
[FD_FreqProt_Gen]
(1) In the course of axis alignment of generator (low frequency condition), if it has been excited,
breaker closure by accident may lead to asynchronous starting of the generator. The protection is
put into use automatically with time delay t1 when two groups of voltage derived from two
independent VTs are all less than undervoltage setting and exit with time delay t2 (designed to
cooperate with low-frequency blocking criterion) when the two groups of voltage recovered to
normal level.
(2) When generator breaker is closed by accident in excited condition but frequency is under
normal level which may occurred in startup-and-shutdown process. The protection is put into use
automatically with time delay t3 while Low Frequency criterion is met and returns with time delay
t4 after the frequency criteria releases. Here, t4 should be set as long as to ensure the completion
of tripping course.
(3) If the circuit breaker is closed by accident when phase angle difference of bus and generator
voltage is very high, such as around 180°, the through closing current will be too high also. In this
case, the excitation shall be shut off firstly and breaker of generator can be tripped until the
generator current falls down to below setting.
Considering security of the protection, both currents from generator terminal and neutral point are
used in the logic as criteria. Figure 3.3-47 shows logic diagram of unwanted closing protection of
generator.
(3) Excitation has been applied to generator, and generator voltage is higher than setting.
Operation of this protection will shut off excitation and activating circuit breaker failure protection.
Figure 3.3-48 shows logic diagram of breaker flashover protection. Generally, the protection is
equipped two time delay settings, the first is for shutting off excitation and the second is for
tripping the local line breaker.
[Flag_UV_Gen]
& t1 t2
F<[f_UF_AccEnerg_Gen]
≥1
[En_UF_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen] & t3 t4
[BI_52b_GCB]
& t3 t4
[Flag_NoCurr_CB_Gen] ≥1
[En_CB_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
[Flag_OC_Term_Gen] [Op_AccEnerg_Gen]
&
[Flag_OC_NeuP_Gen] & t
[Flag_NoCurr_CB_Tr]
[En_AccEnerg_Gen]
& &
[EBI_AccEnerg_Gen]
[FD_AccEnerg_Gen]
Notes:
[Flag_OC_Term_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the overcurrent current element of
generator terminal operates.
[Flag_OC_NeuP_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the overcurrent current element of
generator neutral point operates.
[Flag_UV_Gen] is the flag indicating whether or not the undervoltage element of generator
operates.
[BI_52b_CB]
I2>[I2_Flash_GCB] &
& & t [Op_Flash_GCB]
U>[Uset.fix]
[En_AccEnerg_Gen]
[EBI_AccEnerg_Gen]
[FD_AccEnerg_Gen]
Notes:
Differential overcurrent protections are provided for faults of generator and excitation transformer
respectively. A zero sequence overvoltage protection is provided for stator earth fault.
Since frequency during startup and shutdown process is usually very low, algorithm independent
of frequency is used for this protection.
Whether the protection should be blocked or not by frequency element or auxiliary contact of
circuit breaker can be determined by logic setting.
F<[f_UF_Ctrl_StShut_Gen] t0
[En_StShut_Gen] & T>[t_xx_StShut_Gen]
&
[Op_xx_StShut_Gen] & t
[TrpLog_xx_StShut_Gen].bit0 [Op_xx_StShut_Gen]
[EBI_StShut_Gen]
[FD_StShut_Gen]
Where:
“xx” represent one of the three protective elements, “GenDiff”, “UF_OC” and “StaROV”. The three
protective elements’ diagrams are so likely that they can be expressed in a figure instead of three
for them respectively.
Excitation winding protection comprises definite time and inverse time protection.
One stage of alarm and one stage of tripping are equipped for definite time excitation winding
overload protection.
Figure 3.3-51 shows logic diagram of definite time excitation winding overload protection.
Inverse time excitation winding overload protection consists of three parts: low setting initiator,
inverse time part and high setting definite part. Minimum operation time delay
([tmin_InvOvLd_RotWdg]) is provided for extreme overload condition.
When current in excitation circuit reaches the low setting [I_InvOvLd_RotWdg], the inverse time
protection initiates and the heating accumulation starts. When the heating accumulation reaches
its setting, alarm will be issued. The inverse time protection can simulate heating accumulation
and radiation process.
Il
Ilh
Ilszd
t min tmax t
Figure 3.3-50 Operation characteristic of inverse time overload protection of excitation winding
In the figure, I l is the current in excitation circuit, I lh is the high setting of the protection; I lsZD
[tmin_InvOvLd_RotWdg] .
[( I l I jzzd) − 1] × t ≥ KLzd
2
(Equation 3.3-42)
Where:
Figure 3.3-52 shows logic diagram of inverse time excitation winding overload protection.
I>[I_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg]
& t
[En_OvLd_RotWdg] [Alm_OvLd_RotWdg]
I>[I_OvLd_RotWdg]
&
[En_OvLd_RotWdg] t
& [Op_OvLd_RotWdg]
[TrpLog_OvLd_RotWdg].bit0
[EBI_OvLd_RotWdg] &
[FD_OvLd_RotWdg]
Figure 3.3-51 Logic diagram of definite time excitation winding overload protection
I>[I_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
& &
[En_OvLd_RotWdg]
tmin [Op_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
[TrpLog_InvOvLd_RotWdg].bit0 &
[EBI_OvLd_RotWdg] &
[FD_OvLd_RotWdg]
Figure 3.3-52 Logic diagram of inverse time excitation winding overload protection
The criterion is the same to Equation 3.3-8except the differential current and restraint current.
Here:
For excitation transformer: I1 and I 2 are currents of HV side and LV side respectively.
(2) Please refer to section 3.3.1 to see operation criterion of exciter differential protection. The
differential protection of exciter can adopt the two kinds of frequency: 50Hz and 100Hz according
the setting [fn_Exciter].
Two stages overcurrent protection are equipped for excitation transformer or exciter overcurrent
protection as backup protection. These two stages will trip the circuit breaker with configurable
delay. Figure 3.3-53 shows its logic diagram.
[TrpLog_OC n_Exc].bit0
[FD_Bak_Exc]
Function of overcurrent protection with composite voltage blocking is equipped with RCS-985A.
This protection, consisting of 2 stages and 1 time delay per stage, is used for phase-to-phase
backup protection of excitation transformer or exciter. Of which, function of composite voltage
element can be enabled or disabled by logic setting.
The voltage control element is an element which will operate if phase-to-phase voltage is lower
than its setting or negative sequence voltage is higher than its setting.
Criteria:
Where:
All two stages of definite time overcurrent protection can be controlled by voltage element by
configuring related logic settings [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Exc] and [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Exc].
Upp< [Vpp_VCE_Exc]
=1
&
U2>[V_NegOV_VCE_Exc]
[Flag_VTS] =1 [Flag_VCE_Exc]
&
[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Exc]
[Flag_OCn_Exc]
&
t [Op_OCn_Exc]
[Flag_VCE_Exc] &
=1
[En_VCE_Ctrl_OCn_Exc]
[En_Bak_Exc]
&
[EBI_Bak_Exc]
[FD_OC_Exc]
Where:
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
102
Chapter 3 Description of Operation Theory
[Flag_OCn_Exc] indicates that the maximum phase current is above the settings.
Function of voltage controlled overcurrent protection for stepdown transformer is equipped with
RCS-985A. This protection, consisting of 2 stages and 1 time delay per stage, is used for
phase-to-phase backup protection of stepdown transformer. Of which, function of composite
voltage element can be enabled or disabled by configuration of logic setting.
This protection, consisting of 2 stages and 1 time delay per stage, is used for phase-to-phase
backup protection of stepdown transformer. Of which, function of composite voltage element can
be enabled or disabled by configuration of logic setting.
Two stages zero sequence current protection with delay used for tripping is equipped for LV side
of stepdown transformer.
One stage zero sequence voltage protection with delay used for alarm is equipped for LV side of
stepdown transformer.
Overload alarm and initiate cooling are equipped for backup protection of stepdown transformer.
These functions can be set by logic settings. One normally open contact is used for output of
initiate cooling.
Pole disagreement protection is used for protection of HV side circuit breaker. The fault can be
detected by auxiliary position contact of breaker combined with zero sequence current or negative
sequence current. Whether zero or negative sequence current is used for detection can be
configured by corresponding logic setting. Two time delays are provided for pole disagreement
protection and logics with time delay 2 can be configured to be supervised by binary input from
protection tripping contact.
Where:
Current element will pick up if any one criterion is satisfied with corresponding logic setting be set
as “1”.
Where:
[EBI_Reserved1]: binary input of enabling pole disagreement protection. Here, we usually adopt
the pole disagreement protection in RCS-974.
Where:
Where:
If this criterion is met, CT circuit failure alarm will be issued with 10s delay. Once CT circuit returns
to normal condition, the alarm will be reset with 10s delay.
This function is enabled only when relevant differential protection logic setting is set as enabled.
If the criterion is met, the alarm will be issured after delay 10s and corresponding differential
protection will not be blocked. When the differential current eliminates, the alarm will be reset by
delay 10 s.
In order to increase sensitivity of this alarm, percentage restraint differential current alarm criterion
is adopted as shown as below.
I d > I dbjzd
(Equation 3.3-47)
I d > kbj × I res
If the differential current reaches its threshold and reaches differential alarm level of percentage
restraint factor multiplied by restraint current, the differential current alarm will be issued.
If internal fault occurs, at least one of following four conditions will be present:
(2) Any phase current of a certain side increases after fault detector picks up;
(4) At least three phase-currents increases after fault detector picks up.
If none of above four conditions occurs within 40 ms after differential protection’s fault detectors
picks up, the protection treats it as CT circuit failure. If the logic setting
[Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Gen] (or [Opt_CTS_Blk_SPTDiff_Gen], [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Exc]
[Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_ST], [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_GTU], [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Tr]) is set
as “1”, the differential protection will be blocked and alarm will be issued. If this logic setting is set
as “0”, the differential protection will trip and alarm will be issued simultaneously.
If the alarm is issued, the signal can be removed only when the failure is removed and the
equipment is reset by manual.
Note:
The CT failure is disabled and differential protection will not be blocked before
generator-transformer unit is connected to power system.
(1) Positive sequence voltage is below than 18 V and any phase current is higher than 0.04 In;
If any one condition occurs, VT circuit failure alarm will be issued with delay 10 s, and the alarm
will be removed automatically after delay 10 s when the failure is removed.
Two groups of VT are equipped at generator terminal. VT circuit failure can be detected by
comparison of phase voltage and positive sequence voltage of these two groups of VT.
U AB1 - U AB 2 > 5 V ;
U BC1 - U BC 2 > 5 V ;
(Equation 3.3-48)
U CA1 - U CA 2 > 5 V ;
U11 - U12 > 3 V ;
Where:
UAB1, UBC1, UCA1 and U11 are phase-to-phase voltage and positive sequence voltage of VT
group 1;
UAB2, UBC2, UCA2 and U12 are phase-to-phase voltage and positive sequence voltage of VT
group 2.
If any condition mentioned above occurs, VT circuit failure alarm will be issued with delay 0.2 s
and the VT group used will be switched over.
When only a VT fails, it will not influence the function of related protection such as
loss-of-excitation, out-of-step, overvoltage, over-excitation, reverse power, frequency, impedance
protection and overcurrent protection.
If only one group of VT is provided at generator’s terminal, user can set this function as “disable”.
equipment. External protection equipments send those signals to RCS-985A makes the event
record and sends alarm and maybe tripping command to relevant circuit breaker with delay.
Enabling binary inputs are provided for those protections. Setting ranges of time delay of those
protection are all 0s – 6000s.
When following abnormal status is detected, abnormal warning will be issued: AC voltage or
current circuit failure, persist pickup, mismatch state of pickup between CPU and DSP and alarm
of protection element.
The relay includes a number of self-monitoring functions to check the operation of its hardware
and software when it is in service. These are included so that if an error or fault occurs within the
relay’s hardware or software, the relay is able to detect and report the problem and attempt to
resolve it by performing a re-boot. This involves the relay being out of service for a short period of
time that is indicated by the “HEALTHY” LED on the faceplate of the relay being extinguished and
the watchdog contact at the rear operating. If the restart fails to resolve the problem, then the relay
will take itself permanently out of service. Again this will be indicated by the “ALARM” LED and
watchdog contact. If a problem is detected by the self-monitoring functions, the relay attempts to
store a maintenance record in battery backed-up SRAM to allow the nature of the problem to be
notified to the user.
The self-monitoring is implemented in two stages: firstly a thorough diagnostic check which is
performed when the relay is booted-up, e.g. at power-on, and secondly a continuous self-checking
operation which checks the operation of the relay’s critical functions whilst it is in service.
The integrity of the flash memory is verified using a checksum before the program code and data
stored in it is copied into SRAM to be used for execution by the processor. When the copy has
been completed the data then held in SRAM is compared to that in the flash to ensure that the two
are the same and that no errors have occurred in the transfer of data from flash to SRAM. The
entry point of the software code in SRAM is then called which is the relay initialization code.
The initialization process includes the operations of initializing the processor registers and
interrupts, starting the watchdog timers (used by the hardware to determine whether the software
is still running), starting the real-time operating system and creating and starting the supervisor
task. In the course of the initialization process the relay checks:
• The integrity of the battery backed-up SRAM that is used to store event, fault and disturbance
records.
• The correctness of the settings that ensures relay’s proper response to fault.
• The voltage level of the field voltage supply which is used to drive the opto-isolated inputs.
At the conclusion of the initialization software the supervisor task begins the process of starting the
platform software.
In starting the platform software, the relay checks the integrity of the data held in non-volatile
memory with a checksum. The final test that is made concerns the input and output of data, the
presence and healthy condition of the input board is checked and the analog data acquisition
system is checked through sampling the reference voltage.
At the successful conclusion of all of these tests the relay is entered into service and the protection
started-up.
• The flash containing all program code, setting values and language text is verified by a
checksum
• The code and constant data held in SRAM is checked against the corresponding data in flash to
check for data corruption
• The SRAM containing all data other than the code and constant data is verified with a checksum
• The integrity of the digital signal I/O data from the opto-isolated inputs and the relay contacts is
checked by the data acquisition function every time it is executed. The operation of the analog
data acquisition system is continuously checked by the acquisition function every time it is
executed, by means of sampling the reference voltages.
In the unlikely event that one of the checks detects an error within the relay’s subsystems, the
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
112
Chapter 4 Self-supervision, Metering and Recording
platform software is notified and it will attempt to log a maintenance record in battery backed-up
SRAM. If the problem is of no importance (no possibility of leading to maloperation), the relay will
continue in operation. However, for problems detected in any important area the relay will initiate a
shutdown and re-boot. This will result in a period of up to 5 seconds when the protection is
unavailable, but the complete restart of the relay including all initializations should clear most
problems that could occur. As described above, an integral part of the start-up procedure is a
thorough diagnostic self-check. If this detects the same problem that caused the relay to restart,
i.e. the restart has not cleared the problem, then the relay will take itself permanently out of service.
This is indicated by the “HEALTHY” LED on the front of the relay, which will extinguish, and the
watchdog contact that will operate.
If the alarm is issued, the alarm signal can be reset only when the failure is removed and the
equipment is reset by pressing “RESET” button on panel or re-power it up.
• Overload Alarm
On condition that the relay does not picks up, adding current in excess of the setting of overload
protection, alarm messages are displayed and “ALARM” LED is lit after the timer stage duration
has elapsed.
Tripping output relay driving transistor is always monitored in normal program, and blocking
message will be issued when the equipment finds abnormality of the tripping output circuit.
Note:
There are three alarm LEDs on HMI module: “ALARM” LED, “CT ALARM” LED and “VT
ALARM” LED. In following tables the solid point “●” in columns ”HEALTHY”, “ALARM”, “CT
ALARM” and “VT ALARM” means the corresponding LED is turned on. If LED “HEALTHY”
illuminates, the relay will be on work ,otherwise the relay will be blocked.
Abnormality information printed or displayed on LCD and trouble shooting are described in
following table.
112 Alm_DSP_CPUBrd ●
●
113 Alm_PersistFD_CPUBrd ●
●
114 Alm_InconsistFD ●
115 Alm_Sample_CPUBrd ●
116 Alm_BI_CPUBrd ●
117 Alm_RAM_MONBrd ●
118 Alm_ROM_MONBrd ●
119 Alm_EEPROM_MONBrd ●
4.2 Metering
The relay produces a variety of both directly and calculated power system quantities. These
measurement values are updated on a per half second basis and can be viewed in the menu
“VALUES” of the relay or via relay communication.
This relay is able to measure and display the following quantities as summarized:
Note:
The quantities listed in following tables are to be displayed on LCD for RCS-985A, but for a certain
application, some of these quantities may be eliminated due of the scheme user required, so
please look up the devices on site for actual quantities displayed.
4.2.7.1 Differential currents and related values in transformer metering in CPU and MON
Figure 4.2-1 Differential currents and related values in transformer metering in CPU and MON
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERINGTR METERING DIFF CURR” and
“VALUES MON METERINGTR METERING DIFF CURR”.
Note:
The contents inside the first window are the default display seen by user entering this submenu.
User can navigate to the following items by scrolling the arrow keys on the faceplate of the relay.
What user meets similar to this case later can be dealt with in same way.
Where:
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERINGTR METERING HVS VOLT” and
“VALUES MON METERINGTR METERING HVS VOLT”.
Figure 4.2-4 Differential currents in stepdown transformer metering in CPU and MON
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERINGST METERING DIFF CURR” and
“VALUES MON METERINGST METERING DIFF CURR”.
Figure 4.2-5 Currents at HV side of stepdown transformer metering in CPU and MON
Where:
4.2.7.6 Values at LV side branch 1/branch 2 of stepdown transformer metering in CPU and
MON
Figure 4.2-6 Values at LV side branch 1 of stepdown transformer metering in CPU and MON
Where:
Figure 4.2-7 Values at LV side branch 2 of stepdown transformer metering in CPU and MON
Where:
Where:
Id_Diff_GTU Phase A,B and C of per unit value of generator-transformer unit differential
current.
Ir_Diff_GTU Phase A,B and C of per unit value of generator-transformer unit restraint
current.
Id_2ndH Phase A, B and C of 2nd harmonic component in differential current of
generator-transformer unit.
Id_5thH Phase A, B and C of 5th harmonic component in differential current of
generator-transformer unit.
Icorr_HVS_GTU Corrected current of phase A, B and C at HV side of generator-transformer
unit.
Icorr_NP_Gen Corrected current of phase A, B and C at neutral point of
generator-transformer unit.
Icorr_ST Corrected current of phase A, B and C of stepdown transformer.
I_HVS_Tr Current of phase A, B and C at HV side of transformer.
I1_HVS_Tr Positive sequence current at HV side of transformer.
I2_HVS_Tr Negative sequence current at HV side of transformer.
I0_HVS_Tr Zero sequence current at HV side of transformer.
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERINGGTU METERING” and “VALUES MON
METERINGGTU METERING”.
Where:
Id_Diff_Gen Phase A,B and C of per unit value of generator differential current.
Ir_Diff_Gen Phase A,B and C of per unit value of generator restraint current.
I_Term_Gen Phase A,B and C of current derived from CT at generator’ terminal.
I1_Term_Gen Positive sequence current of generator terminal.
I2_Term_Gen Negative sequence current of generator terminal.
I0_Term_Gen Calculated zero sequence current of generator terminal.
I_NP_Gen Phase A,B and C of current derived from CT at generator’ neutral point.
I1_NP_Gen Positive sequence current of generator neutral point.
I2_NP_Gen Negative sequence current of generator neutral point.
I0_NP_Gen Calculated zero sequence current of generator neutral point.
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERINGGEN METERING DIFF CURR” and
“VALUES MON METERINGGEN METERING DIFF CURR”.
Figure 4.2-10 Transverse differential current and related values in CPU and MON
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERING GEN METERING GEN TRVDIFF
CURR” and “VALUES MON METERING GEN METERING GEN TRVDIFF CURR”.
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERING GEN METERING VOLTAGE” and
VALUES MON METERING GEN METERING VOLTAGE”.
Where:
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERING EXC METERING DIFF CURR” and
VALUES MON METERING EXC METERING DIFF CURR”.
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU METERING EXC METERING AC METERING” and
VALUES MON METERING EXC METERING AC METERING”.
Where:
current of transformer.
Where:
φ_HVS_&_Br1_ST phase angle between same-phase voltages of HVS and LVS branch 1
of stepdown transformer.
φ_HVS_&_Br2_ST phase angle between same-phase voltages of HVS and LVS branch 2
of stepdown transformer.
φipp_CT_HVS_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of current
derived from CT (small ratio) at HV side of stepdown transformer.
φipp_CT#_HVS_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of current
derived from CT (big ratio) at HV side of stepdown transformer.
φipp_Br1_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of currents of
LV side branch 1 of stepdown transformer.
φipp_Br2_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of currents of
LV side branch 2 of stepdown transformer.
φvpp_Br1_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of voltages of
LV side branch 1 of stepdown transformer.
φvpp_Br2_ST phase angle between phase A and B, B and C, C and A of voltages of
LV side branch 2 of stepdown transformer.
Where:
Where:
4.3 Signaling
Signals here mean changes of binary inputs. All these signals can be displayed on LCD, locally
printed or sent to automation system of substation via communication channel.
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE TR PROT EBI” and “VALUES MON BI
STATE TR PROT EBI” .
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE GEN PROT EBI” and “VALUES MON BI
STATE GEN PROT EBI”.
Figure 4.3-3 Enabling Binary Input list of excitation and stepdown transformer protection
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE ET&ST PROT EBI” and “VALUES MON
BI STATE ET&ST PROT EBI” .
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE EXC PROT EBI” and “VALUES MON BI
STATE EXC PROT EBI”.
Where:
generator’s terminal.
BI_52b_CB_HVS1_Tr Binary input of auxiliary contact of close position of circuit breaker at
branch 1 of HV side of transformer.
BI_52b_CB_HVS2_Tr Binary input of auxiliary contact of close position of circuit breaker at
branch 2 of HV side of transformer.
BI_Valve_Turbine Binary input indicating the valve of steam turbine is in close position.
BI_PD_CB Binary input of pole disagreement of circuit breaker.
BI_UrgBrake Binary input indicating the generator is in urgent braking condition.
BI_Reserved Reserved binary input.
BI_Pwr_Superv Binary input indicating the power supply of somel binary input circuits
(6B21 and 6B22) are working in good condition.
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE AUX BI” and “VALUES MON BI STATE
AUX BI”.
Where:
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE PROT FD” and “VALUES MON BI
STATE MON FD”.
Where:
BI_Pwr_MechRly binary input indicating the power supply of mechanical repeater is in proper
working condition.
BI_Pwr_Opto binary input indicating the power supply of optical isolators is in proper
working condition.
BI_RstTarg binary input of signal reset button.
BI_Pulse_GPS binary input of GPS clock synchronous pulse.
BI_Print binary input represents the print button.
Access path in menu is “VALUES CPU BI STATE PS SUPERV BI” and “VALUES MON BI
STATE PS SUPERV BI”.
The real time clock within the relay provides the time tag to each event, to a resolution of 1ms. The
event records are available for viewing either via the front plate LCD or remotely, via the
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
151
Chapter 4 Self-supervision, Metering and Recording
Local viewing on the LCD is achieved in the menu column entitled “REPORT”. This column allows
viewing of event and fault records and is shown by setting sequence No. of the event or fault
report by user. Refer to section 8 for details of operation method.
Where “Record NO.” means the sequence No. of the record which is generated by RCS-985A
automatically. “Date: DD-MM-YY” and “Time: HH:MM:SS:xxxxms” commonly comprise the
absolute time tag of the record. “Binary input Name” shows the name of the binary input whose
state changes. “Changing manner” shows how to change of the state of the binary input. For
instance:
All the binary input that may be shown in the menu can be found in section 4.3, here list them
again.
The above figure shows the abbreviated description that is given to the various alarm conditions
and also a corresponding value between 0 and 31. This value is appended to each alarm event in
a similar way as for the input events previously described. It is used by the event extraction
software, such as RCSPC, to identify the alarm and is therefore invisible if the event is viewed on
the LCD.
The following table shows all of the alarm elements that may be displayed in this item.
Where:
“Record NO.” means the sequence No. of the record which is generated by RCS-985A
automatically.
“Date: xxxx-xx-xx” and “Time: xx:xx:xx:xxxxms” commonly comprise the absolute time tag of the
record.
“Operation Element” shows the name of the operation element. If there are more than one
elements operating, they will scroll one by one to display on LCD.
“xxx ms” shows the relative time of operation element to fault detector of the relay.
The following table lists all the operation elements that may be displayed on LCD.
The MON board can store up to 4 seconds (24 sampling points per cycle) or 8 seconds (12
sampling points per cycle) continual waveform, which including all channels analog quantities
(sampled data, differential currents and so on), all the binary input changing state, binary output,
pick up flags of fault detectors, alarm signals, operation signals and tripping signals. Disturbance
records continue to be recorded until the available memory is exhausted, at which time the oldest
record(s) are overwritten to make space for the newest one.
It is not possible to view the disturbance records locally via the LCD; they must be extracted using
suitable software such as RCSPC. This process is fully explained in the section 11.6.
The CPU board can also record latest 8 cycles of waveform in normal operation condition, which is
composed of three phases current, corrected current of each side for differential protection, three
phases voltage and zero sequence voltage of each side. This function can help user to check the
pole’s correctness of secondary circuit by comparing the phase of related quantities shown in
wave figure. This manual gives the detail instruction of getting normal operation waveform in
section 11.6.
events from different relays can be placed in chronological order. This can be done using the
IRIG-B input, if fitted, or via the communication interface connected to the substation control
system. In addition to these methods the RCS-985A range offers the facility to synchronize via an
opto-input. Pulsing this input will result in the real time clock snapping to the nearest minute. The
recommended pulse duration is 20ms to be repeated no more than once per minute. An example
of the time sync. function is shown.
Note:
The case materials of the relay are constructed from pre-finished steel that has a conductive
covering of aluminum and zinc. This provides good earthing at all joints giving a low impedance
path to earth that is essential for performance in the presence of external noise.
The boards and modules use a multi-point earthing strategy to improve the immunity to external
noise and minimize the effect of circuit noise. Ground planes are used on boards to reduce
impedance paths and spring clips are used to ground the module metalwork. Heavy duty terminal
blocks are used at the rear of the relay for the current and voltage signal connections. Medium
duty terminal blocks are used for the digital logic input signals, the output relay contacts, the power
supply and the rear communication port. A BNC connector may be used for the optional IRIG-B
signal. 9-pin female D-connector is used at the front of the relay for data communication.
Inside the protection the PCBs plug into the connector blocks at the rear, and can be removed
from the rear of the relay only. The connector blocks to the relay’s CT inputs are provided with
internal shorting links inside the relay which will automatically short the current generator circuits
before they are broken when the board is removed. The front panel consists of a membrane
keypad with tactile dome keys, an LCD and 5 LEDs mounted on an aluminum face plate.
Components mounted on its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 5 LED
indicators, a DB9 connector for communication with HELP-90A or PC.
ALARM Abnormal;
As to the buttons of the keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “setting group selector” and “ESC” is
“escape”.
opto- binary
AC current D SP1 status
and voltage
LPF A/D D SP2 coupler input
CPLD
output
MMI C PU 1 relay
LC D
C PU m odule
M M I-C PU QDJ
com m ports and
port to printer
E+
MMI
D SP3 opto- binary
LPF A/D coupler status
D SP4 input
DC 220 V
+5 V
or 110 V
CPLD
DC/DC
± 12 V
+ 24 V
MMI C PU 2
± 24 V to
optic-coupler m anagem ent m odule
The equipment RCS-985A uses Motorola 32 bits monolithic microprocessor MC68332 as control
kernel for output logic and management functions, and high-speed digital signal processor DSP
for protection calculation. Sampling rate of the equipment is 24 points per cycle. Real time data are
processed parallel for all algorithms during whole process of fault. So the equipment can ensure
very high inherent reliability and security.
AC currents and voltages of CT and VT are transferred to low voltage signals by isolating
transformers and are inputted to CPU module and MON module. Data and logic are processed
respectively in these two modules with same hardware. The CPU module carries out functions of
protection algorithms, tripping logic, event record and printing. The MON module comprises
general fault detector and fault recorder. The fault detector will connect positive pole of power
supply of output relays after pickup. Format of the record is compatible with COMTRADE, and the
data recorded can be uploaded via separate serial port for communication or printing.
AC current and voltage are converted to low voltage signals in modules AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4.
Two ratings of AC current are option, 1A or 5A. It shall be stated definitely during ordering and
checked during commissioning.
Binary output of tripping commands, tripping signal output and status binary input parts are
comprised in five modules: SIG1, SIG2, SIG3, SIG4 and RLY. 24V and 250/220/125/110V
opto-couplers are used here for binary input.
Briefly, the equipment is composed of twelve modules to achieve the work of generator or
generator-transformer unit protection. The modules are AC voltage and current input
The relay hardware is based on a modular design whereby the relay is made up of an assemblage
of several modules.
Connectors with 30 pins are used for DC power supply, binary input, communication and printer,
tripping, alarm and other signal output and AC voltage input. Numbers of these connectors are 1A,
1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B and 9B. Figure 5.2-1 a) shows layout of 30 pins of
these connectors.
Connectors with 18 pins are used for AC voltage input and current input. Numbers of these
connectors are 9C, 10C, 10C, 11B, 11C, 12B and 12C. Figure 5.2-1 b) shows layout of pins of
these connectors.
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Attention:
For showing the relation of each terminal clearly, the terminal’s location shown in the figure may
be different from the real physical location, and we needn’t figure out the blank terminals.
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
1A1,1A30 blank
Binary output of tripping:
1A3-1A5 BO_TrpOutp1-1 tripping output channel 1-1
1A7-1A9 BO_TrpOutp1-2 tripping output channel 1-2
1A11-1A13 BO_TrpOutp1-3 tripping output channel 1-3
1A15-1A17 BO_TrpOutp1-4 tripping output channel 1-4
1A19-1A21 BO_TrpOutp2-1 tripping output channel 2-1
1A23-1A25 BO_TrpOutp2-2 tripping output channel 2-2
1A27-1A29 BO_TrpOutp2-3 tripping output channel 2-3
1A2-1A4 BO_TrpOutp3-1 tripping output channel 3-1
1A6-1A8 BO_TrpOutp3-2 tripping output channel 3-2
1A10-1A12 BO_TrpOutp3-3 tripping output channel 3-3
1A14-1A16 BO_TrpOutp3-4 tripping output channel 3-4
1A18-1A20 BO_TrpOutp4-1 tripping output channel 4-1
1A22-1A24 BO_TrpOutp4-2 tripping output channel 4-2
1A26-1A28 BO_TrpOutp5-1 tripping output channel 5-1
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
protection tripping
2A4-2A16 BO_Diff_Tr Remote signal: transformer differential protection tripping
BO_PPF_Tr Remote signal: phase to phase fault protection of
2A4-2A22 transformer tripping or pole disagreement protection
tripping
2A4-2A28 BO_EF_Tr Remote signal: earth fault protection of transformer tripping
Binary output of event record:
2A5 common terminal 1 Event record: common terminal 1
2A5-2A11 BO_Diff_Gen Event signal: generator differential protection tripping
2A5-2A17 BO_EF_Sta Event signal: stator earth fault protection tripping
2A5-2A23 BO_OvLd_Sta Event signal: stator overload protection tripping
2A5-2A29 BO_LossExc Event signal: generator loss-of-excitation protection tripping
2A6 common terminal 2 Event signal: common terminal 2
Event signal: generator-transformer unit differential
2A6-2A12 BO_Diff_GTU
protection tripping
2A6-2A18 BO_Diff_Tr Event signal: transformer differential protection tripping
BO_PPF_Tr Event signal: phase to phase fault protection of transformer
2A6-2A24
tripping or pole disagreement protection tripping
2A6-2A30 BO_EF_Tr Event signal: earth fault protection of transformer tripping
protection tripping
Local signal: generator phase to phase backup
3A1-3B19 BO_PPF_Gen
protection tripping
Local signal: generator frequency protection
3A1-3B25 BO_FreqProt_Gen
tripping
Local signal: zero-sequence overcurrent protection
3A2-3B2 BO_ROC_Br1_ST of branch1 of LV side of stepdown transformer
tripping
Local signal: zero-sequence overcurrent protection
3A2-3B8 BO_ROC_Br2_ST of branch2 of LV side of stepdown transformer
tripping
3A1-3B14 BO_OvLd_Exc Local signal: exciter overload protection tripping
Binary output of remote signal:
3A3-3B3 BO_reserved1 Remote signal: reserved output 1
Remote signal: generator or main transformer over
3A3-3B9 BO_OvExc_GTU
excitation protection tripping
Remote signal: generator sequence reverse power
3A3-3B15 BO_RevP_Gen
protection tripping
Remote signal: generator phase to phase backup
3A3-3B21 BO_PPF_Gen
protection tripping
Remote signal: generator frequency protection
3A3-3B27 BO_FreqProt_Gen
tripping
Remote signal: zero-sequence overcurrent
3A4-3B4 BO_ROC_Br1_ST protection of branch1 of LV side of stepdown
transformer tripping
Remote signal: zero-sequence overcurrent
3A4-3B10 BO_ROC_Br2_ST protection of branch2 of LV side of stepdown
transformer tripping
3A3-3B16 BO_OvLd_Exc Remote signal: exciter overload protection tripping
Binary output of event record:
3A5-3B5 BO_reserved1 Event record: reserved output 1
Event record: generator or main transformer over
3A5-3B11 BO_OvExc_GTU
excitation protection tripping
Event record: generator sequence reverse power
3A5-3B17 BO_RevP_Gen
protection tripping
Event record: generator phase to phase backup
3A5-3B23 BO_PPF_Gen
protection tripping
Event record: generator frequency protection
3A5-3B29 BO_FreqProt_Gen
tripping
Event record: zero-sequence overcurrent
3A6-3B6 BO_ROC_Br1_ST protection of branch1 of LV side of stepdown
transformer tripping
Connector 4A: 30 pins male connector for signal and alarm output.
Connector 4B: 30 pins male connector for alarm and other output
Connector 7B, 8B: 30 pins male connector for communication and printing.
Note:
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
mark)
3I0’, Zero sequence current from LV side CT of stepdown
9C13
transformer
Branch 1
3I0’, Zero sequence current from LV side CT of stepdown
9C14
transformer (polarity mark)
3I0’, Zero sequence current from LV side CT of stepdown
9C15
transformer
Branch 2
3I0’, Zero sequence current from LV side CT of stepdown
9C16
transformer (polarity mark)
Note:
The zero sequence voltage of LV side of main transformer shares the same voltage input
10B19-10B20 with that of stepdown transformer.
1 2 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
20 KΩ
UR+ UR-
IR+ IR-
2 2 UR+ UR-
TO LPF
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
12B1 I'HA , phase A current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer
IHA , phase A current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B2
mark)
12B3 I'HB , phase B current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer
IHB , phase B current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B4
mark)
12B5 I'HC , phase C current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer
IHC , phase C current from HV side CT with small ratio of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B6
mark)
12B7 I'LA1, phase A current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
ILA1, phase A current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B8
mark)
12B9 I'LB1, phase B current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
Branch 1 ILB1 , phase B current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B10
mark)
12B11 I'LC1, phase C current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
ILC, phase C current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B12
mark)
12B13 I'LA2, phase A current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
ILA2, phase A current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B14
mark)
12B15 I'LB2, phase B current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
Branch 2 ILB2, phase B current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B16
mark)
12B17 I'LC2, phase C current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer
ILC2, phase C current from LV side CT of stepdown transformer (polarity
12B18
mark)
I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC I AN IA I BN IB I CN IC
12C1 IA’ , phase A current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer.
12C2 IA , phase A current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity mark)
12C3 IB’ , phase B current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer
12C4 IB , phase B current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity mark)
12C5 IC’ , phase C current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer
12C6 IC , phase C current from one side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity mark)
12C7 IA’ , phase A current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer
IA , phase A current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity
12C8
mark)
12C9 IB’ , phase B current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer
IB , phase B current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity
12C10
mark)
12C11 IC’ , phase C current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer
IC , phase C current from the other side CT of exciter or excitation transformer (polarity
12C12
mark)
12C13 Transverse differential current input
12C14 Transverse differential current input (polarity mark)
12C15 3I0’ , zero sequence current input of main transformer
12C16 3I0’ , zero sequence current input of main transformer (polarity mark)
12C17 3I0’ , Gap zero sequence current input of main transformer
12C18 3I0’ , Gap zero sequence current input of main transformer (polarity mark)
5.3 Output
5.3.1 Tripping outputs
The equipment provides 14 groups of tripping relays with 33 pairs of contacts totally as shown in
following figure. These tripping relays can be configured by tripping output logic setting, and
practical and flexible tripping modes can be provided by each protective function then. Tripping
output logic setting is a specific setting of each certain protective function. Please refer to Chapter
7 for details of setting.
The tripping output logic setting is a 4 digits hexadecimal number or a 16 bits binary number.
Every bit corresponds to a circuit breaker. The breaker will be tripped if the corresponding bit is set
as “1” and not tripped if the bit is set as “0”.
Note:
Outputs of TJ1, 2, 5, 6 are instantaneous contacts, which can be used to trip CB or initiate failure
of CB. While other outputs are expand 100ms after contacts operate.
(a) Group 1
(b) Group 2
(c) Group 3
(d) Group 4
BO_Alm_InitCool1_Tr_1 BO_Alm_InitCool_ST_1
4B09 4B11 4B17 4B19
BO_Alm_InitCool1_Tr_2 BO_Alm_InitCool_ST_2
4B13 4B15 4B21 4B23
BO_OUT1 BO_Alm_InitCool2_Tr
2B20 2B22 3B20 3B22
BO_Alm _BlkOLTC_ST_1
4B01 4B03
BO_Alm _BlkOLTC_ST_2
4B05 4B07
Protection& control
Measurement and event, fault & disturbance
Software records
Protection
task
Scheme logic
Relay hardware
To control the logging of records that are generated by the protection software, including alarms
and event, fault, and maintenance records.
To store and maintain a database of all of the relay’s settings in non-volatile memory.
To provide the internal interface between the settings database and each of the relay’s user
interfaces, i.e. the front panel interface and the front and rear communication ports, using
whichever communication protocol has been specified (Courier, MODBUS, IEC 60870-5-103).
After initialization at start-up, the protection and control task is suspended until there are sufficient
samples available for it to process. The acquisition of samples is controlled by a ‘sampling
function’ which is called by the system services software and takes each set of new samples from
the input module and stores them in a two-cycle buffer. The protection and control software
resumes execution when the number of unprocessed samples in the buffer reaches a certain
number. For the RCS-985A protection relay, the protection task is executed as the same speed as
the sampling rate, i.e. the relays finishes calculation of all the relay before next sampling process.
During the residual time, operations by other software tasks take place.
The sampling function provides filtering of the digital input signals from the opto-isolators and
frequency tracking of the analog signals. The digital inputs are checked against their previous
value over 15ms. Hence a change in the state of one of the inputs must be maintained over at
least 15ms before it is registered with the protection and control software.
The frequency tracking of the analog input signals is achieved by a recursive Fourier algorithm
which is applied to one of the input signals, and works by detecting a change in the measured
signal’s phase angle. The calculated value of the frequency is used to modify the sample rate
being used by the AC modules so as to achieve a constant sample rate of 24 samples per cycle of
the power waveform. The value of the frequency is also stored for use by the protection and
control task.
When the protection and control task is re-started by the sampling function, it calculates the
Fourier components for the analog signals. With the exception of the RMS measurements all other
measurements and protection functions are based on the Fourier derived fundamental component.
The Fourier components are calculated using a one-cycle, 24-sample Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT). The DFT is always calculated using the last cycle of samples from the 2-cycle buffer, i.e.
the most recent data is used. The DFT used in this way extracts the power frequency fundamental
component from the signal and produces the magnitude and phase angle of the fundamental in
rectangular component format. This gives good harmonic rejection for frequencies up to the 11th
harmonic. The 13th is the first predominant harmonic that is not attenuated by the Fourier filter and
this is known as ‘Alias’. However, the Alias is attenuated by approximately 85% by an additional,
analog, ‘anti-aliasing’ filter (low pass filter). The combined affect of the anti-aliasing and Fourier
filters is shown below:
The Fourier components of the input current and voltage signals are stored in memory so that they
can be accessed by all of the protection elements’ algorithms. The samples from the AC modules
are also used in an unprocessed form by the disturbance recorder for waveform recording and to
calculate true rms. values of current, voltage and power for metering purposes.
All phases calculated by RCS-985 series relays and used for protection, control and metering
functions are rotating phases that maintain the correct phase angle relationships with each other
at all times.
For display and oscillography purposes, all phase angles in a given relay are referred to an AC
input channel. The phase angles are assigned as positive in the leading direction, and are
presented as negative in the lagging direction, to more closely align with power system metering
conventions. This is illustrated below.
A change in any digital input signal, protection element output signal, operation flags of fault
detectors, tripping flags causes an event record to be created. When this happens, the protection
and control task sends a message to the supervisor task to indicate that an event is available to be
processed and writes the event data to a fast buffer in SRAM which is controlled by the supervisor
task. When the supervisor task receives either an event or fault record message, it instructs the
platform software to create the appropriate log in battery backed-up SRAM. The operation of the
record logging to battery backed-up SRAM is slower than the supervisor’s buffer. This means
that the protection software is not delayed waiting for the records to be logged by the platform
software.
The disturbance recorder operates as a separate task from the protection and control task. It can
record the waveforms for up to 32 analog channels and the values of up to all digital signals of the
RCS-985A. The recording time is user selectable up to a maximum of 8 seconds. The disturbance
recorder is supplied with data by the protection and control task once per sampling period.
The disturbance recorder collates the data that it receives into the required length disturbance
record. The disturbance records can be extracted byRCSPC that can also store the data in
COMTRADE format, thus allowing the use of other packages to view the recorded data.
Hardware requirement
Software requirement:
Downloading method
Note:
Ensure that the board is not a naked one before downloading software to it, i.e., a certain version
software exists on the board.
Warning:
If some unexpected cases occur, please do inform the factory firstly instead of dealing with it by
yourself.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
Steps:
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
200
Chapter 6 Software Overview
1. Connect RS-232 communication port of the computer and that mounted on front panel of
RCS-985A protection equipment by a cable with DB-9 connectors on both ends, see Figure 6.4-1.
2. Run the program RCSPC.If the connection and settings are correct, the screen will display
“RCS-985A connected”, such as Figure 6.4-2. But if it doesn’t be connected, please check the
parameter setting of RCSPC whether corresponds with the relay, such as “COM port” and “Baud
rate”, see Figure 6.4-3.
3. Download CPU program. At first, make sure it is at CUP mode as “CPU>”, then press the button
and select the correct program file, such as CPU.s19, to download it into the CPU module.
Make sure the file FLASHCPU.s19 is at the same folder with program file.
4. Download MON program. Change it to MON mode by typing “MON”, then “MON>” will
appearances. Then repeat step 3 to down load MON.s19 to MON module. Make sure the file
FLASHMON.s19 is at the same folder with program file. See Figure 6.4-4.
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
202
Chapter 6 Software Overview
5.After downloading CPU and MON programs, reset the equipment and download default settings.
Then the “HEALTHY” LED on the front panel of the relay shall be illuminate.
7. Download FACE program. Change it to FACE mode by typing “FACE” or “PNL”, then “PNL>”
will appearances. Press the button and select the 985xx_FACE.hex file to download it into
the panel module. Make sure the file FLASH_FACE.hex is at the same folder with program file.
8. After that course, user should check and ensure the software version, CRC code and
generating time of software are as same as recorded in relevant documentation. Enter the menu
“Version”, then new version of protection will displayed on LCD, see Figure 6.4-5.
Chapter 7 Settings
The relay must be configured to the system and application by means of appropriate settings. The
settings of this relay include system parameters, protection element settings and scheme logic
settings.
Note:
Symbols of the parameter listed in above table are used for communication, printing and
displaying on LCD.
Two setting groups can be configured for the equipment, and only one is active at a time. However,
equipment parameters and system parameters are common for all protection setting groups.
2 No.2-- [Equip_ID]
The setting consists of ASCII codes, which is as identification for report printing only. It can be
configured according to the name or number of generator.
3 No.3-- [Comm_Addr]
The address used for the host computer to identify the equipment, usually provided by substation
system. If the equipment is not connected to automation system, equipment address may be
random.
4 No.4-- [Com1_Baud]
The baud rate of serial port 1 shall be selected from specified range.
5 No.5-- [Com2_Baud]
The baud rate of serial port 2 shall be selected from specified range.
6 No.6--[Printer_Baud]
The baud rate used for printer port shall be selected from specified range.
7 No.7-- [Protocol]
The logic setting consists of sixteen binary digits but four hexadecimal digits can be viewed
through device LCD screen. Every digit has a dedicated meaning and some digits have no
definition.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
B: MODBUS
A: MODBUS
B: LFP
A: LFP
A: 103
The definitions of digits are:
Bit Definition
0 communication port A using protocol IEC 60870-5-103
1 communication port A using proprietary protocol LFP
2 communication port A using MODBUS protocol
3 No definition
4 No definition
5 communication port B using proprietary protocol LFP
6 communication port B using MODBUS protocol
7-15 No definitions
For example, if logic setting [Protocol] is set as “0041”, it means communication port A uses IEC
60870-5-103 protocol and communication port B uses MODBUS protocol.
8 No.8-- [En_Auto_Print]
This setting shall be set as “1” if automatic report printing is expected after the relay operates
when a fault occurs. Otherwise it shall be set as “0”. It is suggested that the user may set this
parameter of the equipment as “1” (i.e. automatic printing), if the equipment is always connected
directly with a printer, or set as “0” (i.e. not automatic printing) if the equipment is connected with a
printer by a switch on panel.
9 No.9-- [En_Net_Print]
Set it as “1” if shared network printer is used for printing. Set it as “0” if dedicated printer is used.
Network printer means several protection equipments share one printer through a printer
management unit and RS-485 port. Dedicated printer means the protection equipment connected
with a printer through RS232 port directly.
10 No.10--[En_Remote_Cfg]
Set it as “0” if only local configuration is permitted. Set it as “1” if local and remote configurations
are both permitted.
11 No.11-- [GPS_Pulse]
Set it as “1” for minute pulse and “0” for second pulse.
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> EQUIP SETTINGS -> [setting symbol]
Note:
Symbols of the parameter listed in above table are used for communication, printing and
displaying on LCD. Setting marked with “#” means that it is can not be seen on LCD or by printing
and only can be seen through RCSPC software.
1 No.1-- [En_Diff_GTU]
This logic setting is used for configuration of protection functions. Setting it as “1” means the
generator-transformer unit differential protection is enabled and setting as “0” means the
protection is disabled.
2 No.2-- [En_Diff_Tr]
3 N0.3-- [En_PPF_Tr]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable phase to phase fault protection of main transformer.
4 No.4-- [En_EF_Tr]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable earth fault protection of main transformer.
5 No.5-- [En_OvExc_Tr]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
208
Chapter 7 Settings
This logic setting is used to enable/disable over excitation protection of main transformer.
6 No.6-- [En_Diff_Gen]
7 No.7-- [En_SPTDiff_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable spilt phase differential protection of generator.
8 No.8-- [En_IntTurn_Gen]
9 No.9-- [En_PPF_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable phase to phase fault protection of generator
10 No.10—[En_EF_Sta]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable earth fault protection of stator of generator.
11 No.11—[En_EF_RotWdg]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable earth fault protection of rotor winding.
12 No.12—[En_OvLd_Sta]
13 No.13—[En_NegOC_Gen]
14 No.14—[En_LossExc_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable loss of excitation protection of rotor winding.
15 No.15—[En_OOS_Gen]
16 No.16-- [En_VoltProt_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable overvoltage and undervoltage protection of generator.
17 No.17-- [En_OvExc_Gen]
18 No.18-- [En_PowerProt_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable overpower and underpower protection of generator.
19 No.19-- [En_FreqProt_Gen]
20 No.20-- [En_StShut_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable all relative protections in Startup/shutdown conditions
of generator.
21 No.21-- [En_AccEnerg_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable relevant protection in case of accident energization of
generator.
22 No.22-- [En_Diff_Exc]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable differential protection of exciting transformer or exciter.
23 No.23-- [En_Bak_Exc]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable backup protection of exciting transformer or exciter.
24 No.24-- [En_OvLd_RotWdg]
25 No.25-- [En_Diff_ST]
26 No.26-- [En_Bak_HVS_ST]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable backup protection at HV side of stepdown transformer.
27 No.27-- [En_Bak_Br1_ST]/[En_Bak_Br2_ST]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable backup protection at LV side branch 1/branch 2 of
stepdown transformer.
28 No.29-- [En_MechRly]
29 No.30-- [En_PoleDisagr_CB]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable pole disagreement protection of circuit breaker.
30 No.31-- [En_VTComp_Term_Gen]
This logic setting is used to enable/disable voltage balance function of VTs at the generator
terminal.
This logic setting is configured especially for equipment debugging status. It is only seen by
RCSPC, which is used for generating messages of alarm or operation element for remote PC.
“Enable”: enable sending all tripping contacts signals, protection tripping signals, alarm signals
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
210
Chapter 7 Settings
All logic settings of configuring functions are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> SYSTEM SETTINGS -> PROT CONFIG -> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [Sn_Tr]
2 No.2-- [U1n_HVS_Tr]
System rated voltage at HV side of transformer. This setting is used for calculating the rated
current of main transformer. It should be set according to the real operating voltage of the power
system.
3 No.3-- [U1n_LVS_Tr]
4 No.4-- [U1n_VT_HVS_Tr]
5 No.5-- [U2n_VT_HVS_Tr]
6 No.6-- [U2n_DeltVT_HVS_Tr]
7 No.7-- [I1n_CT_HVS1_Tr]
8 No.8-- [I2n_CT_HVS1_Tr]
9 No.9-- [I1n_CT_HVS2_Tr]
10 No.10-- [I2n_CT_HVS2_Tr]
11 No.11-- [I1n_CT_HVS_Tr]
12 No.12-- [I2n_CT_HVS_Tr]
13 No.13-- [I1n_CT_LVS_Tr]
14 No.14-- [I2n_CT_LVS_Tr]
15 No.15-- [I1n_CT_NP_Tr]
17 No.17-- [I1n_CT_Gap_Tr]
18 No.18-- [I2n_CT_Gap_Tr]
19 No.19-- [Yd11_Conn_Tr]
The connection mode of main transformer is Yd-11 mode. The current input for HV side is only
one.
20 No.20-- [Yyd11_Conn_Tr]
The connection mode of main transformer is Yd-11 mode. The currents input for HV side are two
CTs, such as 3/2 breakers of HV bus.
21 No.21-- [Opt_GCB]
Logic setting of circuit breaker at terminal of generator. “1” means there is a circuit breaker at
terminal of generator. “0” means there isn’t a circuit breaker at terminal of generator.
22 No.19-- [Yd1_Conn_Tr]
The connection mode of main transformer is Yd-1 mode. The current input for HV side is only one.
23 No.20-- [Yyd1_Conn_Tr]
The connection mode of main transformer is Yd-1 mode. The currents input for HV side are two
CTs, such as 3/2 breakers of HV bus.
All settings of transformer system parameters are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> SYSTEM SETTINGS -> TR SYS SETTINGS -> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [fn_Gen]
This setting indicates the nominal frequency of power system in which the generator protection
equipment is used.
2 No.2-- [Pn_Gen]
Capacity of active power of the generator shall be configured as its name plate stated.
3 No.3-- [PF_Gen]
4 No.4-- [U1n_Gen]
System rated voltage at the terminal of generator. This setting is used for calculating the rated
current of generator. It should be set according to the real operating voltage of the power system.
5 No.5-- [U1n_VT_Term_Gen]
Rated primary voltage of VT at the terminal of generator. This parameter can be configured as
either phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage value. For example, if the terminal VT ratio is
automation system. From this setting and the next two ones, VT ratio can be got. Secondary
voltage and current recorded by the equipment will be transferred to primary value by multiplying
VT ratio when fault oscillogram is sent to the host.
6 No.6-- [U2n_VT_Term_Gen]
7 No.7-- [U2n_DeltVT_Term_Gen]
8 No.8-- [U1n_VT_NP_Gen]
9 No.9-- [U2n_VT_NP_Gen]
10 No.10-- [I1n_CT_Term_Gen]
11 No.11-- [I2n_CT_Term_Gen]
12 No.12-- [k_SP1_Gen]
Branching coefficient of the first group of windings to the whole one of stator. At the generator
neutral point, two channels of TA input are reserved which can satisfy the requirement both
differential protection and phase-splitting transverse differential protection. The branching
coefficient can be set according to the proportion of per branch occupying in the whole winding.
For the case that only one branch can be drawn out from the neutral point of generator, the
branching coefficient of the first one group branch must be set as 100% and the other branching
coefficient must be set as 0%.
13 No.13-- [k_SP2_Gen]
14 No.14-- [I1n_CT_SP1_Gen]
15 No.15-- [I2n_CT_SP1_Gen]
16 No.16-- [I1n_CT_SP2_Gen]
17 No.17-- [I2n_CT_SP2_Gen]
18 No.18-- [I1n_CT_TrvDiff_Gen]
19 No.19-- [I2n_CT_TrvDiff_Gen]
20 No.20-- [I1n_RotWdg]
Primary rated current of rotor. This setting and the next one can be set conveniently by inputting
the rated primary and secondary parameters of the shunt.
21 No.21-- [U2n_Shunt_RotWdg]
22 No.22-- [U1n_Exc]
All settings of generator system parameters are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> SYSTEM SETTINGS -> GEN SYS SETTINGS -> [setting symbol]
Note:
These parameters are as important as the settings. They have to be configured according to
actual application on site.
1 No.1-- [Sn_ST]
Capacity of the exciter or excitation transformer shall be configured as its name plate stated.
2 No.2-- [U1n_HVS_ST]
3 No.3-- [U1n_Br1_ST]
4 No.4-- [U1n_Br2_ST]
5 No.5-- [U1n_VT_Br1_ST]
6 No.6-- [U2n_VT_Br1_ST]
7 No.7-- [U2n_DeltVT_Br1_ST]
8 No.8-- [U1n_VT_Br2_ST]
9 No.9-- [U2n_VT_Br2_ST]
10 No.10-- [U2n_DeltVT_Br2_ST]
11 No.11-- [I1n_CT#_HVS_ST]
Rated primary current of CT2 with big ratio at HV side of stepdown transformer.
12 No.12-- [I2n_CT#_HVS_ST]
Rated secondary current of CT2 with big ratio at HV side of stepdown transformer.
13 No.13-- [I1n_CT_HVS_ST]
Rated primary current of CT1 with small ratio at HV side of stepdown transformer.
14 No.14-- [I2n_CT_HVS_ST]
Rated secondary current of CT1 with small ratio at HV side of stepdown transformer.
15 No.15-- [I1n_CT_Br1_ST]
16 No.16-- [I2n_CT_Br1_ST]
17 No.17-- [I1n_CT_Br2_ST]
18 No.18-- [I2n_CT_Br2_ST]
19 No.19-- [I1n_CT_NP_Br1_ST]
20 No.20-- [I2n_CT_NP_Br1_ST]
21 No.21-- [I1n_CT_NP_Br2_ST]
22 No.22-- [I2n_CT_NP_Br2_ST]
23 No.23-- [Yyy12_Conn_ST]
24 No.24-- [Ddd12_Conn_ST]
25 No.25-- [Dyy11_Conn_ST]
26 No.26-- [Ydd11_Conn_ST]
27 No.27-- [Dyy1_Conn_ST]
All settings of stepdown transformer system parameters are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTING -> SYSTEM SETTINGS -> ST SYS SETTINGS -> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [fn_Exc]
This setting indicates the nominal frequency of exciter. If excitation transformer is used, this setting
can be set as 50Hz and the other settings in this table should be set according to relevant
parameters of excitation transformer.
2 No.2-- [Sn_Exc]
Capacity of the exciter or excitation transformer shall be configured as its name plate stated.
3 No.3-- [U1n_S1_Exc]
The system rated voltage on HV side of the excitation transformer. This setting is used to calculate
the correction coefficient of differential protection of excitation transformer.
If exciter is used, this setting and NO.4 setting are all set as the rated voltage of exciter.
4 No.4-- [U1n_S2_Exc]
System rated voltage on LV side of the excitation transformer. This setting is used to calculate the
correction coefficient of differential protection of excitation transformer.
5 No.5-- [U1n_VT_Exc]
6 No.6-- [U2n_VT_Exc]
7 No.7-- [U2n_DeltaVT_Exc]
8 No.8-- [I1n_CT_S1_Exc]
Primary rated current of the CT on HV side of the excitation transformer or CT at the terminal of
the exciter.
9 No.9-- [I2n_CT_S1_Exc]
Secondary rated current of the CT on HV side of the excitation transformer or CT at the terminal of
the exciter.
10 No.10-- [I1n_CT_S2_Exc]
Primary rated current of the CT on LV side of the excitation transformer or CT at the neutral point
of the exciter.
11 No.11-- [I2n_CT_S2_Exc]
Secondary rated current of the CT on LV side of the excitation transformer or CT at the neutral
point of the exciter.
12 No.12-- [Opt_Exc]
Exciter is used in the system. If this setting is set as “1”, that means exciter is used in the generator
system instead of excitation transformer. Otherwise means the contrary.
13 No.13-- [Yy12_Conn_ET]
Note:
In the symbol of “Yy-12”, the first letter “Y” represents the connection mode of windings on HV side,
and the other “y” represents the connection mode of windings on LV side, “12” represents
connection group between HV and LV windings. The following four settings are similar to this one.
14 No.14-- [Dd12_Conn_ET]
15 No.15-- [Dy11_Conn_ET]
16 No.16-- [Yd11_Conn_ET]
17 No.17-- [Dy1_Conn_ET]
All settings of excitation system parameters are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTING -> SYSTEM SETTINGS -> EXC SYS SETTINGS -> [setting symbol]
Note:
Setting marked with “#” means that it is can not be seen on LCD or by printing and only can be
seen through RCSPC software.
1 #)
No.1-- [Cfg_CT_Diff_GTU](#
Logic setting of selecting three-phase current channels for differential protection of generator
transformer unit. If the bit is set as ”1”, it means this group is used in the differential protection.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_HVS1&2_Tr
CT#_HVS_ST
CT_HVS_ST
CT_NP_Gen
CT_LVS_ST
CT_HVS_Tr
Bit Definition
0 CT group 1 (11B1-6) and 2 (11B7-12) at HV side of main transformer.
1 Bushing CT (9C1-6) at HV side of main transformer
2 CT group (11C7-12) at neutral point of generator.
3 CT group 1 (12B1-6) of HV side of stepdown transformer. (Small ratio)
4 CT group 2 (11B13-18) of HV side of stepdown transformer. (Big ratio)
5 CT group (12B7-12) of LV side of stepdown transformer.
6-15 No definition
2 #)
No.2-- [Cfg_CT_Diff_Tr](#
Logic setting of selecting three-phase current channels for differential protection of main
transformer. If the bit is set as ”1”, it means this group is used in the differential protection.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_Term_Gen
CT#_HVS_ST
CT_HVS2_Tr
CT_HVS1_Tr
CT_HVS_ST
CT_LVS_Tr
The definitions of digits are:
Bit Definition
0 CT(11B1-6) at HV side branch 1 of main transformer.
1 CT(11B7-12) at HV side branch 2 of main transformer.
2 CT group (11C13-18) at LV side of main transformer. This group is a reserved
current input channel.
3 CT group (11C1-6) at terminal of generator.
4 CT group 1 (12B1-6) of HV side of stepdown transformer. (Small ratio)
5 CT group 2 (11B13-18) of HV side of stepdown transformer. (Big ratio)
6-15 No definition
3 #)
No.2-- [Cfg_CT_Diff_Exc](#
Logic setting of selecting three-phase current channels for differential protection of exciter or
excitation transformer.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_S1_Exc&CT_LVS_ST
CT_S2_Exc&CT_Br2_ST
CT_S1&S2_Exc
The definitions of digits are:
Bit Definition
0 CT group 1 (12C1-6) and 2 (12C7-12) of exciter.
1 CT group 1 (12C1-6) of exciter and CT group (12B7-12) at LV side of stepdown
transformer.
2 CT group 2 (12C7-12) of exciter and CT group (12B13-18) at LV side of stepdown
transformer.
3-15 No definition
4 #)
No.4-- [Opt_Polar_CT](#
Generally, CT polarity definition is as Figure 1.1-1and Figure 1.1-2 show. However if some CT
polarity direction is reversed by incorrect wiring connecting, there is still chance to correct it by
configuring this logic setting easily. Please set the corresponding digit of the logic setting.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_Term_Gen
SpareCT_Gen
SpareCT_Exc
CT1_HVS_ST
CT2_HVS_ST
CT_NP_Gen
CT_LVS_ST
CT_S2_Exc
CT_S1_Exc
CT_Br2_ST
Reserved
CT2_Tr
CT1_Tr
Bit Definition
0 CTs polarity of current channel (11B1-6) at HVS of transformer reversed
1 CTs polarity of current channel (11B7-12) at HVS of transformer reversed
2 CTs polarity of current channel (11B13-18) at HVS of stepdown transformer
reversed
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
224
Chapter 7 Settings
5 #)
No.5-- [Cfg_CT_Bak_Tr](#
Logic setting of selecting three-phase current channel for backup protection of transformer.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_SumCurr_Tr
CT_HVS_Tr
CT_CB_Tr
Bit Definition
0 Sum current of main transformer (CT group 11B1-6)+(CT group 11B7-12)
1 Breaker CT group (11B1-6) at HVS of main transformer
2 Bushing CT group (9C1-6) at HVS of transformer.
3-15 No definition
6 #)
No.6-- [Cfg_CT_Power_Gen](#
Logic setting of selecting three-phase current channel for reverse power protection of generator.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CT_S(11B13-11B18)
CT_S(11C13-11C18)
CT_P(11C1-11C6)
The definitions of digits are:
Bit Definition
0 Protection class CT
1 Measurement class CT
2 Measurement class CT
3-15 No definition
Note:
Only one of the follow settings from No.7- No.15 can be set as “1”.
7 #)
No.7-- [GTU, 2W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there is only one group CT input at HV side, no CB between main transformer and
generator, two windings in stepdown transformer.
8 #)
No.8-- [3/2Bus, GTU, 2W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there are two group CT inputs at HV side (3/2 bus), no CB between main transformer
and generator, two windings in stepdown transformer.
9 #)
No.9-- [GTU, 3W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there is only one group CT input at HV side, no CB between main transformer and
generator, three windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
10 No.10-- [3/2Bus, GTU, 3W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there are two group CT inputs at HV side (3/2 bus), no CB between main transformer
and generator, three windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
11 No.11-- [Tr, Gen, 2W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there is only one group CT input at HV side, a CB between main transformer and
generator, two windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
12 No.12-- [3/2Bus, Tr, Gen, 2W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there are two group CT inputs at HV side, a CB between main transformer and
generator, two windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
13 No.13-- [Tr, Gen, 3W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there is only one group CT input at HV side, a CB between main transformer and
generator, three windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
14 No.14-- [3/2Bus, Tr, Gen, 3W_ST] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
“1” means there are two group CT inputs at HV side, a CB between main transformer and
generator, three windings in stepdown transformer.
#)
15 No.15-- [Gen_Only] (#
The logic setting of connection type between bus, generator, main transformer, and stepdown
transformer.
#)
16 No.16--[Opt_WaveRec_MON] (#
#)
17 No.17--[Opt_Debug_MON](#
This logic setting is provided especially for software developing, not for ordinary users.
#)
18 No.18--[Opt_Dur_WaveRec_MON](#
#)
19 No.19--[En_Displ_Pickup](#
This logic setting is provided especially for software developing, not for ordinary users.
Note:
1 No.1-- [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_GTU]
This is pickup setting of percentage current differential protection, which is also the setting of fault
detector of percentage differential protection. It shall be higher than maximum unbalance current
when the generator-transformer operate on normal rated load.
2 No.2-- [I_InstDiff_GTU]
3 No.3-- [Slope1_PcntDiff_GTU]
4 No.4-- [Slope2_PcntDiff_GTU]
5 No.5-- [k_Harm_PcntDiff_GTU]
The ratio setting of 2nd harmonic component in differential current. 0.15 is recommended.
6 No.6-- [TrpLog_PcntDiff_GTU]
Tripping output logic setting of differential protection is used to specify which breaker or breakers
will be tripped by this protection. This word comprises 16 binary bits as follows and is displayed as
a hexadecimal number of 4 digits from 0000H to FFFFH on LCD of equipment. The tripping output
logic settings is specified as follows:
bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
No definition
rpOutput14
TrpOutp13
TrpOutp12
TrpOutp10
TrpOutp11
TrpOutp9
TrpOutp8
TrpOutp7
TrpOutp6
TrpOutp5
TrpOutp4
TrpOutp3
TrpOutp2
TrpOutp1
Function
function
En_Trp
Note:
“TrpOutp 1” just means to drive tripping output channel 1 and please refer to section 5.3. Set bit
“0” as 1 means this protection element will trip breaker or breakers. The bit corresponding to the
breaker to be tripped shall be set as“1” and other bits shall be “0”. For example, if differential
protection is defined to trip breaker 5 (tripping output channel 5), the bit “0” and “5” bit shall be set
as “1” and other bits “0”. Then a hexadecimal number 0021H is formed as the tripping output logic
setting.
Please note that tripping output logic settings of the equipment have to be set on basis of
application-specific drawings.
All the tripping logic settings mentioned below is defined as same as this one.
7 No.7-- [En_InstDiff_GTU]
Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection enabled. If this setting is set as “1”, it means this
protection is enabled. Otherwise it means the protection is disabled.
8 No.8-- [En_PcntDiff_GTU]
9 No.9-- [Opt_Inrush_Ident_GTU]
The logic setting to select the method to identify inrush current of transformer.
“1” means to use the second harmonic restraint principle. “0” means to use waveform distortion
discrimination principle.
10 No.10-- [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Gen]
If this logic setting is set as “1”, it means percentage differential protection will be blocked when CT
circuit failure happens. Otherwise it means the function is disabled.
All settings of differential protection settings are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GTU DIFF PROT --> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Tr]
This is pickup setting of percentage current differential protection, which is also the setting of fault
detector of percentage differential protection. It shall be higher than maximum unbalanced current
of the transformer during normal rated load, i.e.
Where:
I e is secondary calculated rated current of transformer (please see details in section 3.3.1);
K er is the ratio error of CT (=0.03X2, for class 10P; =0.01X2, for class 5P and class TP);
∆U is the maximum deviation (in percentage of rated voltage) due to tap changing.
∆m is the error caused by the difference between ratios of CT at all side, 0.05 is recommended.
For practical engineering application, I cdqd =(0.3 - 0.5) I e is reasonable and unbalanced current
2 No.2-- [I_InstDiff_Tr]
Setting of unrestrained instantaneous differential protection, which is used to clear serious internal
fault quickly and prevent operation delay caused by CT saturation. The setting I cdsd (i.e.
[I_InstDiff]) shall be greater than inrush current and maximum unbalanced current due to external
fault or asynchronous closing, generally
I cdsd = K ⋅ I e
(Equation 7.3-2)
Where:
according to the phase-to-phase solid short circuit fault in normal operation condition at installed
3 No.3-- [Slope1_PcntDiff_Tr]
Where:
K er is the error of current ratio of CT, no more than 0.1. K bl1 is 0.10-0.20 generally.
The sensitivity coefficient K sen shall be calculated according to phase-to-phase short circuit on
outlet of transformer protected by the differential relay in minimum operation mode. From the
calculated minimum short circuit current I k . min and relevant restraint current I res , corresponding
pickup current I op will be found in the operation characteristic curve of percentage differential
K sen = I k . min / I op
(Equation 7.3-4)
4 No.4-- [Slope2_PcntDiff_Tr]
Where:
I k . max is the maximum value of fundamental component of external short circuit fault current
(secondary).
K ap is the coefficient of DC component. K ap = 1.0 if CT at both sides are class TP, or K ap = 1.5 -
Where:
∆U h are maximum deviations (in percentage of rated voltage) on HV side due to tap changing.
I k . max is the maximum value of fundamental component of short circuit secondary current flowing
I k .h. max is the maximum value of fundamental component of short circuit secondary current flowing
∆mI and ∆mII are errors caused by difference between ratios of CT (auxiliary CT included if any)
at relevant sides.
Where:
Definition of I unb. max* , I cdqd * and I k . max* are almost same to I unb. max , I cdqd and
I k . max mentioned above, and the only difference is they are per unit values. I e (secondary
5 No.5-- [k_Harm_PcntDiff_Tr]
Restraint coefficient of second harmonic. This parameter is the blocking threshold of second
harmonics involving in differential current to against inrush current when the transformer is
energized. The differential protection will be blocked when the percentage of second harmonics
reaches the threshold because the percentage of second harmonics is high in inrush current but
low in fault current. It is recommended that the parameter is set to be 15% -20%.
6 No.6-- [TrpLog_DIff_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of differential protection is used to specify which breaker or breakers
will be tripped by this protection.
7 No.7-- [En_InstDiff_Tr]
Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection enabled. If this setting is set as “1”, it means this
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
233
Chapter 7 Settings
8 No.8-- [En_PcntDiff_Tr]
Percentage differential protection enabled. If this setting is set as “1”, it means this protection is
enabled. Otherwise, it means the protection is disabled.
9 No.9-- [En_DPFC_Diff_Tr]
DPFC percentage differential protection enabled. If this setting is set as “1”, it means this
protection is enabled. Otherwise, it means the protection is disabled.
10 No.10-- [Opt_Inrush_Ident_Tr]
11 No.11-- [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Tr]
If this logic setting is set as “1”, it means percentage differential protection will be blocked when CT
circuit failure happens. Otherwise, it means the function is disabled.
All settings of differential protection settings are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> TR DIFF PROT --> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [V_NegOV_VCE_Tr]
This is setting of negative sequence voltage control element of main transformer. Setting and
displayed value of negative sequence voltage are U2.
Setting of this relay shall be higher than measured imbalance voltage during normal operation
condition, generally
U k .2. min
K sen = (Equation 7.3-9)
U op.2
Where U k .2. min is minimum secondary negative sequence voltage at location of the relay during
phase-to-phase metallic short circuit fault at end of backup protected zone. K sen ≥2.0 is required
for near backup protection and K sen ≥1.5 for remote backup protection.
Note:
When sensitivity factor is checked for current relay and voltage relay, unfavorable normal system
operation condition and unfavorable type of short circuit fault shall be adopted. If sensitivity factor
of under voltage relay is not high enough, function of composite voltage on LV side initiation can
be enabled. Voltage is taken from LV side by configure logic setting [En_LVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Tr].
2 No.2-- [Vpp_VCE_Tr]
Voltage of voltage control element is taken from LV side usually (logic setting
[En_LVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_TR] is set as 1.). Undervoltage setting shall be higher than the lowest
voltage during starting process of the largest motor connected with the LV busbar.
Setting of phase-to-phase under voltage of composite voltage control element. It shall coordinate
with generator starting condition.
Setting shall be higher than possible minimum voltage during normal operation, namely
U min
U op = (Equation 7.3-10)
K rel ⋅K r
Where K rel is reliability factor, 1.10 – 1.20; K r is release factor, 1.05 – 1.25; U min is possible
minimum voltage during normal operation, 0.9 times of secondary rated line voltage generally.
When VT on HV side of the transformer is used for the under voltage relay
When step-up transformer is used in a power plant and VT on generator side is used for under
voltage relay, its setting shall be higher than under voltage during operation of generator without
excitation,
U op
K sen = (Equation 7.3-13)
U c. max
Where U c. max is maximum secondary residual voltage at location of the relay when
phase-to-phase metallic short circuit fault occurs at the check point during operation condition for
calculation. K sen ≥1.5 is required for near backup protection and K sen ≥1.2 for remote backup
protection.
3 No.3-- [I_OC1_Tr]
K rel
I op = Ie (Equation 7.3-14)
Kr
where K rel is reliability factor, 1.2 generally; K r is release factor, 0.85 – 0.95; I e is secondary
rated current.
I k( .2min
)
K sen = (Equation 7.3-15)
I op
( 2)
where I k .min is minimum fault current through location of the relay during phase-to-phase metallic
short circuit at end of backup protected section. K sen ≥ 1.3 is required for near backup
4 No.4-- [t_OC11_Tr]
The first time delay of overcurrent protection stage 1. It shall coordinate with main protection only
and oscillation period is not needed to be considered. It is set as 0.5 s generally.
5 No.5 – [TrpLog_OC11_Tr]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
237
Chapter 7 Settings
Tripping output logic setting of the first time delay of over current protection stage 1, please refer to
section 7.3.1
6 No.6-- [t_OC12_Tr]
The second time delay of overcurrent protection stage 1. It shall coordinate with main protection
only and oscillation period is not needed to be considered.
7 No.7 – [TrpLog_OC12_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of the second time delay of over current protection stage 1, please
refer to section 7.3.1
8 No.8-- [I_OC2_Tr]
9 No.9-- [t_OC21_Tr]
10 No.10 – [TrpLog_OC21_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of the first time delay of over current protection stage 2, please refer to
section 7.3.1
11 No.11-- [t_OC22_Tr]
12 No.12 – [TrpLog_OC22_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of the second time delay of over current protection stage 2, please
refer to section 7.3.1
13 No.13 – [Z1_Fwd_Tr]
If the value of this setting is greater than the next one, then the characteristic of distance protection
is set as excursive impedance circle; if it is equal to the next one, the characteristic is whole
impedance circle; if the next one is set as “0”, the characteristic becomes directional impedance.
Generally, low impedance protection is considered as the backup protection of transformer in case
that voltage-controlled overcurrent protection cannot satisfy the sensitivity requirement of
transformer.
Setting of this impedance relay shall coordinate with that of HV side outlet, namely
Where K rel is reliability factor, 0.8 generally; Kinf is enhanced factor, taking minimum value of
Sensitivity shall be checked by phase-to-phase short circuit on end of designated protected zone,
namely
Z op
K sen = (Equation 7.3-17)
Z
Where Z is equivalent secondary impedance value of designated protected section. K sen ≥1.3
Is required.
The forward setting can be based on enough sensitivity for fault on terminal of generator and
referred to equation hereinabove. Reverse impedance equals to 5% - 10% of forward impedance.
Reverse setting shall be lower than setting of the shortest zone 1 of impedance protection of outlet
from this side busbar.
14 NO.14—[Z1_Rev_Tr]
Stage 1 of negative direction impedance setting of distance protection. In general, this setting is
set as 5-10% of the positive direction impedance setting.
15 NO.15—[t_Z11_Tr]
16 NO.16—[TrpLog_Z11_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of distance protection stage 1 with time delay 1.
17 NO.17—[t_Z12_Tr]
18 NO.18—[TrpLog_Z12_Tr]
19 No.19 – [Z2_Fwd_Tr]
20 NO.20—[Z2_Rev_Tr]
21 NO.21—[t_Z21_Tr]
22 NO.22—[TrpLog_Z21_Tr]
23 No.23-- [I_Alm_OvLd_Tr]
24 No.24-- [t_Alm_OvLd_Tr]
25 No.25-- [I_InitCool1_OvLd_Tr]
26 No.26-- [t_InitCool1_OvLd_Tr]
27 No.27-- [I_InitCool2_OvLd_Tr]
28 No.28-- [t_InitCool2_OvLd_Tr]
29 No.29-- [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Tr]
30 No.30-- [En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Tr]
31 No.31 -- [En_LVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Tr]
32 No.32 -- [En_Mem_Curr_Tr]
Note:
For generator with self parallel excitation system, the memory function is usually disabled for
phase to phase backup protection. But if it is enabled, the overcurrent protection must be
configured as voltage controlled overcurrent protection.
33 No.33-- [Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Tr]
“1”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, voltage control element at the same side will be
disabled but overcurrent relay on the same side can still be controlled by voltage control elements
“0”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, the overcurrent relay will become an
overcurrent relay without voltage element control.
34 No.34-- [En_OvLd_Tr]
35 No.35-- [En_InitCool_OvLd_Tr]
Settings of HV side voltage phase to phase fault protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> Setting -> PROT SETTINGS -> TR PPF BAK PROT
Setting (3U0) of zero-sequence voltage control element for zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
2 No.2-- [I_ROC1_Tr]
This setting shall coordinate with unrestraint main protection or stage 1 or 2 of zero sequence
overcurrent relay of adjacent power line.
Where:
K brI is branch factor of zero sequence current which is ratio of zero sequence current passing
through the relay and passing through the faulty line during ground fault at end of protected zone
of stage 1 of power line zero sequence overcurrent protection, maximum value for various
operation conditions being Taken;
3I k .o. min
K sen = (Equation 7.3-19)
I op.o
Where:
3I k .o. min is minimum secondary zero sequence current passing through location of the relay
during ground fault at end of protected zone; I op.o is this setting. K sen ≥1.5 Is required.
3 No.3-- [t_ROC11_Tr]
When earth fault occurs on near end of HV side outlet of startup/standby transformer, it is
protected by both this protection and zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 2 on remote end,
so the time delay setting of this protection is
t = t II − ∆t (Equation 7.3-20)
Where:
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 with time delay 1.
5 No.5-- [t_ROC12_Tr]
6 No.6-- [TrpLog_ROC12_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 with time delay 2.
7 No.7-- [I_ROC2_Tr]
The setting shall coordinate with operating current of zero-sequence overcurrent protection of HV
side feeders for remote end earth fault:
(3I 0 ) op
I op.o.II = K c 0 C 0' (Equation 7.3-21)
nTA
Where:
(3I o ) op is the primary operating current of backup zone of zero-sequence overcurrent protection
C 0' is the distribution coefficient of zero sequence current that is equal to the ratio of zero
sequence current passing through this end protection and that passing through the power line,
takes the maximum value in various operation modes; and nTA is current ratio of CT.
8 No.8-- [t_ROC21_Tr]
9 No.9-- [TrpLog_ROC21_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 2 with time delay 1.
10 No.10-- [t_ROC22_Tr]
11 No.11-- [TrpLog_ROC22_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 2 with time delay 2.
12 No.12-- [I_ROC3_Tr]
13 No.13-- [t_ROC31_Tr]
14 No.14-- [TrpLog_ROC31_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 3 with time delay 1.
15 No.15-- [t_ROC32_Tr]
16 No.16-- [TrpLog_ROC32_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero-sequence overcurrent protection stage 3 with time delay 2.
17 No.17-- [V_ROV_Gap_Tr]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
244
Chapter 7 Settings
Where:
U o.max is possible maximum zero sequence voltage at location of the relay during single phase
ground fault in power system with part of neutral points grounded, or during two phases operation
of transformer with ungrounded neutral point;
U sat is possible minimum open-delta voltage of VT in directly grounded system during single
phase ground fault and missing grounded neutral point condition. Rated phase voltage of open
delta VT is 100 V.
18 No.18-- [t_ROV1_Gap_Tr]
19 No.19-- [TrpLog_ROV1_Gap_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero sequence overvoltage protection with time delay 1.
20 No.20-- [t_ROV2_Gap_Tr]
21 No.21-- [TrpLog_ROV2_Gap_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero sequence overvoltage protection with time delay 2.
22 No.22-- [I_ROC_Gap_Tr]
Current setting of gap zero-sequence overcurrent protection, recommend to set it based on the
following equation
100
I OP .O = (Equation 7.3-23)
nCT .N
Where:
nCT .N : The ratio of gap CT which is located between the gap and groud
23 No.23-- [t_ROC1_Gap_Tr]
24 No.24-- [TrpLog_ROC1_Gap_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero sequence overcurrent protection for gap with time delay 1.
25 No.25-- [t_ROC2_Gap_Tr]
26 No.26-- [TrpLog_ROC2_Gap_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of zero sequence overcurrent protection for gap with time delay 2.
27 No.27-- [V_Alm_ROV_LVS_Tr]
28 No.28-- [t_Alm_ROV_LVS_Tr]
29 No.29-- [En_VCE.ROC_Ctrl_ROC1_Tr]
30 No.30-- [En_VCE.ROC_Ctrl_ROC2_Tr]
31 No.31-- [En_Dir_Ctrl_ROC1_Tr]
32 No.32-- [En_Dir_Ctrl_ROC2_Tr]
33 No.33-- [En_Alm_ROV_LVS_Tr]
Gap zero sequence overcurrent protection controlled by the state of external contact.
Settings of earth fault protection of main transformer are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTING -> PROT SETTINGS -> TR EF BAK PROT
1 No.1-- [k_OvExc1_Tr]
U
B U gn
N = = = U ∗ / f ∗ = 1.3 or data provided by the factory
Bn f
f gn
2 NO.2—[t_OvExc1_Tr]
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_OvExc1_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 1 of definite time over excitation protection of main
transformer. The function of this protection is used for islanding, excitation shutting or
programming, excitation reducing etc.
4 NO.4—[k_OvExc2_Tr]
5 NO.5—[t_OvExc2_Tr]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_OvExc2_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 2 of definite time over excitation protection of main
transformer.
7 NO.7—[k_Alm_OvExc_Tr]
Setting of over excitation alarm of main transformer. Setting of alarm shall be lower than that of
over excitation protection. 1.1 is recommended.
8 NO.8—[t_Alm_OvExc_Tr]
9 NO.9—[k0_InvOvExc_Tr]
10 NO.10—[t0_InvOvExc_Tr]
Delay of upper limit of inverse time over excitation protection of main transformer.
11 NO.11—[k1_InvOvExc_Tr]
Inverse time over excitation factor1—n1. Setting range of various inverse time over excitation
coefficient s is 1.1 – 2.0. However setting of upper limit (NO.9) of over excitation factor n0 shall be
higher than that of over excitation factor1 n1, that of factor1 n1 shall be higher than that of factor2
n2, etc.. Finally, setting of over excitation factor6 n6 (NO.23) shall be higher than that of lower
limit.
12 NO.12—[t1_InvOvExc_Tr]
The range of delay of various inverse time over excitation protection stage is 0s to 6000 s,
ie.,0--50 min. Delay of upper limit (NO.10) of over excitation factor shall be shorter than that of
over excitation factor1, that of factor1 shall be shorter than that of factor2, etc.. Finally, delay of
over excitation factor6 (NO.22) shall be shorter than that of lower limit (NO.24).
13 NO.13—[k2_InvOvExc_Tr]
14 NO.14—[t2_InvOvExc_Tr]
15 NO.15—[k3_InvOvExc_Tr]
16 NO.16—[t3_InvOvExc_Tr]
17 NO.17—[k4_InvOvExc_Tr]
18 NO.18—[t4_InvOvExc_Tr]
19 NO.19—[k5_InvOvExc_Tr]
20 NO.20—[t5_InvOvExc_Tr]
21 NO.21—[k6_InvOvExc_Tr]
22 NO.22—[t6_InvOvExc_Tr]
23 NO.23—[k7_InvOvExc_Tr]
24 NO.24—[t7_InvOvExc_Tr]
25 NO.25—[TrpLog_InvOvExc_Tr]
Tripping output logic setting of inverse time over excitation protection of main transformer.
Settings of main transformer overexcitation protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> TR OVEXC PROT --> [setting symbol]
Note:
The over excitation protection of generator-transformer unit comprises two over excitation
protection: generator over excitation protection and transformer over excitation protection.
Configuration of the generator over excitation protection shall be higher than over excitation
capability of generator, while that of transformer shall be higher than over excitation capability of
transformer. If only one set of over excitation protection is used, configuration of the lower one
shall be adopted.
1 No.1-- [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Gen]
This is pickup setting of percentage current differential protection, which is also the setting of fault
detector of percentage differential protection. It shall be higher than maximum unbalance current
when the generator operates on normal rated load, i.e.
Where:
Where:
I f 1n
If 2n
250 = NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
n fLH
Chapter 7 Settings
Pn / cosθ
I f 1n =
3U f 1n
(Equation 7.3-25)
Where:
I unb.0 is the measured actual unbalance current during rated load of generator, 0.2 I f 2 n -0.3
Where:
2 No.2-- [I_InstDiff_Gen]
3 No.3-- [Slope1_PcntDiff_Gen]
Where:
K cc
is the type factor of CT, 0.5 in general;
K er
is error factor of CT ratio, no more than 0.1.
K bl1
represents [Slope1_PcntDiff_Gen] which is set as 0.05~0.1 in general.
4 No.4-- [Slope2_PcntDiff_Gen]
With type factor of CT not considered, the maximum unbalance current is, ,
Where:
K ap
is non periodic component factor, usually no less than 2.0;
K er
is error factor of CT ratio, no more than 0.1;
I k . max
is periodic component of secondary value of external three phase short circuit current and it
can be taken as 4 times of rated current if it is less than 4 times of rated current.
where:
If the percentage differential protection is configured based on rules mentioned above, when
phase-to-phase metallic short circuit fault occurs at the terminal of generator, sensitivity factor will
5 No.5-- [TrpLog_Diff_Gen]
6 No.6-- [En_InstDiff_Gen]
Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection enabled. If this setting is set as “1”, it means this
protection is enabled. Otherwise it means the protection is disabled.
7 No.7-- [En_PcntDiff_Gen]
8 No.8-- [En_DPFC_Diff_Gen]
9 No.9-- [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Gen]
If this logic setting is set as “1”, it means percentage differential protection will be blocked when CT
circuit failure happens. Otherwise it means the function is disabled.
All settings of differential protection settings are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN DIFF PROT --> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [I_Pkp_PcntSPTDiff_Gen]
This is pickup setting of splitting-phase transverse percentage current differential protection, which
is also the setting of fault detector of this protection. It shall be higher than maximum unbalance
current when the generator operates on normal rated load, i.e.
Where:
I ' unb.1 : is unbalance current due to amplitude error between the CTs used in this protection in
current of CT.
I ' unb.2 : the second type unbalance current. Because each shunt branch of every phase is
distributed in different groove on the surface of rotor for hydro generator and the air gap field of
each groove is different, therefore this second type unbalance current appears.
User can also get the maximum unbalance current value by metering the real transverse
unbalance current in full load condition of the generator. Generally speaking, the value is a little
greater than the one of differential protection of generator.
For reference, it can be set as I ' op.0 = 0.5 I ' e . Here, I e is secondary rated current of generator.
'
2 No.2-- [I_InstSPTDiff_Gen]
3 No.3-- [Slope1_PcntSPTDiff_Gen]
4 No.4-- [Slope2_PcntSPTDiff_Gen]
5 No.5-- [TrpLog_SPTDiff_Gen]
6 No.6-- [En_InstSPTDiff_Gen]
7 No.7-- [En_PcntSPTDiff_Gen]
8 No.8-- [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntSPTDiff_Gen]
If this logic setting is set as “1”, it means percentage splitting-phase transverse differential
protection will be blocked when CT circuit failure happens. Otherwise it means the function is
disabled.
Settings of generator phase-splitting transverse protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN SPTDIFF PROT-> [setting symbol]
1 NO.1—[I_SensTrvDiff_Gen]
Setting of this protection shall be higher than maximum unbalance current during normal operation
condition. Reliability factor can be more than 2. The setting value is usually:
I op = 0.05 I f ln / n a
(Equation 7.3-30)
Where:
I f ln
is primary rated current of generator and
2 NO.2—[I_InsensTrvDiff_Gen]
I op =(0.20 ~ 0.30)I f ln / n a
(Equation 7.3-31)
Where:
I f ln
is primary rated current of generator and
3 NO.3—[t_TrvDiff_Gen]
Delay of transverse differential protection (act on only after the occurrence of one-point ground of
rotor).
When one point earth fault occurs within rotor of generator and one point earth fault protection
operates, in order to prevent unwanted operation of transverse protection due to instantaneous
two points earth fault within the rotor, operation of this protection shall be delayed for 0.5 s – 1 s.
Note:
When a turn-to-turn fault occurs, the equipment will trip relevant breakers without delay according
to the tripping output logic setting, but a time delay decided by user will act on after occurrence of
one-point ground of rotor.
4 NO.4—[V_SensROV_Longl_Gen]
Setting of this protection shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage during normal
operation condition, usually:
At beginning of configuration, 2 – 3 V is preferred. After fault waveform analysis, the setting can be
reduced properly and sensitivity of the protection can be improved than.
5 NO.5—[V_InsensROV_Longl_Gen]
Setting of this protection shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage during external fault,
usually:
U op = 8 - 12 V
(Equation 7.3-33)
6 NO.6—[t_ROV_Longl_Gen]
Delay of longitudinal zero sequence overvoltage. Short delay 0.10 s – 0.20 s is recommended for
operation and output of this protection.
7 NO.7—[TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen]
8 NO.8—[En_SensTrvDiff_Gen]
9 NO.9—[En_InsensTrvDiff_Gen]
10 NO.10—[En_SensROV_Longl_Gen]
11 NO.11—[En_InsensROV_Longl_Gen]
12 NO.12—[En_DPFC_IntTurn_Gen]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN INTTURN PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 No.1-- [V_NegOV_VCE_Gen]
Negative sequence voltage setting of composite voltage control element. Setting and displayed
value of negative sequence voltage are U2.
Setting of negative sequence voltage relay shall be higher than unbalance voltage during normal
operation, generally
Sensitivity factor shall be checked by phase-to-phase short circuit fault on HV side bus of main
transformer:
U 2. min
K sen = (Equation 7.3-35)
U op 2
Where:
U 2. min is minimum negative sequence voltage at location of the equipment during phase-to-phase
short circuit fault on HV side bus of main transformer. K sen ≥ 1.5 is required.
2 NO.2—[Vpp_VCE_Gen]
Sensitivity factor shall be checked by three-phase short circuit fault on HV side bus of main
transformer:
U op
K sen = (Equation 7.3-36)
X t × I k( 3. max
)
( 3)
Where I k . max is maximum secondary fault current during three-phase short circuit on HV side bus
3 NO.3—[I_OC1_Gen]
K rel
I op = I gn (Equation 7.3-37)
Kr
Where:
I k( .2min
)
K sen = (Equation 7.3-38)
I op
( 2)
Where I k .min is minimum fault current through location of the relay during phase-to-phase
4 NO.4—[t_OC1_Gen]
Time delay of overcurrent protection stage 1. Delay of this protection shall be higher than that of
operation of backup protection of step-up transformer. This protection is used for islanding and
generator shutting off.
5 NO.5—[TrpLog_OC1_Gen]
6 NO.6—[I_OC2_Gen]
Setting of overcurrent protection stage 2. Setting of overcurrent relay shall be higher than rated
current of transformer.
7 NO.7—[t_OC2_Gen]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_OC2_Gen]
9 NO.9—[Z1_Fwd_Gen]
Positive direction impedance setting of distance protection stage1. Here positive direction means
the direction is pointing to the transformer instead of generator itself.
If the value of this setting is greater than the next one, then the characteristic of distance protection
is set as excursive impedance circle; if it is equal to the next one, the characteristic is whole
impedance circle; if the next one is set as “0”, the characteristic becomes directional impedance.
Generally, low impedance protection is considered as the backup protection of generator in case
that voltage-controlled overcurrent protection can’t satisfy the sensitivity requirement of generator.
10 NO.10—[Z1_Rev_Gen]
Negative direction impedance setting of distance protection stage1. In general, this setting is set
as 5-10% of the positive direction impedance setting.
11 NO.11—[t_Z1_Gen]
12 NO.12—[TrpLog_Z1_Gen]
13 NO.13—[Z2_Fwd_Gen]
14 NO.14—[Z2_Rev_Gen]
15 NO.15—[t_Z2_Gen]
16 NO.16—[TrpLog_Z2_Gen]
Tripping output logic setting of distance protection stage1. Please refer to the tripping output logic
17 NO.17—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Gen]
18 NO.18—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Gen]
19 NO.19—[En_HVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Gen]
20 NO.19—[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Gen]
“1”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, composite voltage element will be disabled if
corresponding logic setting is set as “1”.
“0”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, the voltage-controlled overcurrent element will
become an pure overcurrent relay without composite voltage element controlling.
21 NO.21—[Opt_ExcMode_Gen]
That the setting is set as “1” indicates the excitation mode of generator is self shunt excitation
mode. In that case, the protection will remember the current value at the initiation of fault, and
operates based on it, no matter whether the current will decrease due to the descending excitation
voltage result from terminal voltage’s getting down when external fault occurs. Once this setting is
set as “1”, the backup overcurrent protection of generator is always controlled by composite
voltage element.
22 NO.22—[Opt_BO_OC2_Gen]
Note:
In the above Table,current used in impedance protection of generator comes from the phase to
phase current input channels at neutral point of generator.
Settings of generator phase-to-phase backup protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN PPF BAK PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 No.1-- [V_SensROV_Sta]
Setting of this protection U op shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage U unb. max of single
Where Krel is reliability factor, 1.2 – 1.3 generally; Uunb.max is the maximum measured
fundamental unbalance zero sequence voltage derived from single VT at the neutral point of
generator.
To assure its security, user should check the transferred zero sequence voltage through coupling
capacitance between HV side and LV side of transformer when external earth fault occurs on the
HV side of the transformer. Meanwhile, settings, including time delay and operation setting, should
be considered to cooperate with that of earth fault protection of the system.
Note:
The zero sequence voltage used in this protection comes from VT at the neutral point of generator.
2 NO.2—[V_InsensROV_Sta]
Only zero sequence voltage at neutral point is taken for high setting zone of fundamental zero
sequence voltage protection. Its setting is usually 20 V – 25 V.
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
262
Chapter 7 Settings
Zero sequence voltage transferred by coupling capacitance per phase between HV and LV side
windings of step-up transformer shall be checked when external fault occurs at HV side of the
transformer. Coordination both on setting and delay between this protection and system earth fault
protection could be achieved then.
3 NO.3—[t_ROV_Sta]
4 NO.4—[k_V3rdHRatio_PreSync_Sta]
• •
Let third harmonic voltage at the end and neutral point of generator be Ut and Un , ratio setting of
third harmonic voltage percentage earth fault protection shall be
• •
Ut Un > α (Equation 7.3-40)
3 × nTVN
and α = K rel during pre-configuration,
nTV 0
Where:
The setting shall be (1.3 – 1.5)× α 1 before incorporation and (1.3 – 1.5)× α 2 after that.
Where α 1 and α 2 are the maximum real-measured third harmonic voltage ratio before and
after incorporation respectively.
5 NO.5—[k_V3rdHRatio_PostSync_Sta]
6 NO.6—[k_V3rdHDiff_Sta]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
263
Chapter 7 Settings
• • • •
U t − k p U n > k zd U n (Equation 7.3-41)
Where:
7 NO.7—[t_V3rdH_Sta]
Delay of percentage third harmonic voltage earth fault protection. It shall be longer than that of
backup protection against external fault .
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_EF_Sta]
9 NO.9—[En_Alm_ROV_Sta]
10 NO.10—[En_Trp_ROV_Sta]
11 NO.11—[En_Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
12 NO.12—[En_Alm_V3rdHDiff_Sta]
13 NO.13—[En_Trp_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
14 NO.14—[En_Trp_InsensRov_Sta]
Settings of stator earth fault protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> STA EF PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[R_Sens_1PEF_RotWdg]
General specification of generator specifies that insulation resistance of its excitation winding shall
be higher than 1 MΩ for air cooled and hydrogen-cooled turbine generator during cooling state,
and 2 kΩ for water cooled excitation winding. General specification of hydro-generator specifies
that insulation resistance of its excitation winding shall be higher than 0.5 kΩ in any case.
Sensitive stage of this protection is used for alarm. Its setting could be 20 kΩ – 80 kΩ generally.
2 NO.2—[R_1PEF_RotWdg]
Setting of one point earth fault protection can be 20 kΩ for air cooled and hydrogen-cooled turbine
generator and 2.5 kΩ for water cooled excitation winding. This protection can be used for alarm or
generator shutting with delay.
3 NO.3—[t_1PEF_RotWdg]
4 NO.4--[V2ndH_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg]
5 NO.5—[t_2PEF_RotWdg]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_EF_RotWdg]
7 NO.7—[En_Alm_Sens_1PEF_RotWdg]
Enable alarm function of sensitive stage of one-point earth fault protection of rotor.
8 NO.8—[En_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg]
9 NO.9—[En_Trp_1PEF_RotWdg]
10 NO.10—[En_2PEF_RotWdg]
11 NO.11—[En_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg]
Settings of rotor earth fault protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> ROTWDG EF PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[I_OvLd_Sta]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
266
Chapter 7 Settings
Setting of this protection is determined by the requirement of reliable release during permissive
continuous load current of generator.
Ign
IOP = Krel (Equation 7.3-42)
Kr
Where:
Delay of this protection shall be longer than maximum delay of backup protection. Alarm will be
issued or load will be reduced when it operates.
2 NO.2—[t_OvLd_Sta]
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_OvLd_Sta]
4 NO.4-- [I_Alm_OvLd_Sta]
5 NO.5—[t_Alm_OvLd_Sta]
6 NO.6—[I_InvOvLd_Sta]
Characteristic of this protection is indefinite time relationship between multiple of load current and
corresponding permissive duration which is determined by permissive overload capability of stator
provided by the factory.
Ktc
t= (Equation 7.3-43)
I − Ksr2
2
*
Where:
Minimum delay for upper limit of this protection shall coordinate with unrestraint protection.
Current setting of lower limit of this protection shall coordinate with definite time overload
protection mentioned above, namely
Ign
IOP.min = KC0Krel (Equation 7.3-44)
Ksr
7 NO.7—[tmin_InvOvLd_Sta]
8 NO.8—[A_Therm_Sta]
9 NO.9—[Kb_Therm_Sta]
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_InvOvLd_Sta]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> STA OVLD PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[I_NegOC_Gen]
Setting of this protection is determined by the threshold under which this protection can release
reliably, that threshold value is continuously permissive negative sequence current I2∞ . So,
I 2 ∞ I gn
I OP = K rel (Equation 7.3-45)
Kr
Where:
2 NO.2—[t_NegOC_Gen]
Delay of this protection shall be longer than maximum delay of backup protection. Alarm will be
issued when it operates.
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_NegOC_Gen]
Tripping output logic setting of definite time negative sequence overcurrent protection.
4 NO.4—[I_Alm_NegOC_Gen]
5 NO.5—[t_Alm_NegOC_Gen]
6 NO.6—[I_InvNegOC_Gen]
A
t=
I 22* − I 22∞ (Equation 7.3-46)
Where:
Minimum delay for upper limit of this protection shall coordinate with unrestraint protection.
7 NO.7—[I2_Perm_Sta]
Permitted continuous currents of inverse time negative sequence overcurrent protection for lasting
operation.
Current setting of lower limit of this protection shall be the operating current corresponding to
delay 1000 s, namely
A
I OP. min = + I 22∞ (Equation 7.3-47)
1000
8 NO.8—[tmin_InvNegOC_Gen]
Delay of upper limit of inverse negative sequence overcurrent protection. Minimum delay for upper
limit of this protection shall coordinate with unrestraint protection.
9 NO.9—[A_Therm_RotBody]
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_InvNegOC_Gen]
Settings of stator negative sequence overcurrent protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> STA NEGOC PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[X1_LossExc_Gen]
jx
Xc
R
Xa
Xb
For asynchronous impedance cycle, this setting represents for X a , and the next setting (NO.2) is
X b . Here
X d' U gn × na
2
Xa = − × (Equation 7.3-48)
2 S gn × nv
X d' U2 ×n
X b = −( X d + ) × gn a (Equation 7.3-49)
2 S gn × nv
Where:
'
Xd and Xd are unsaturated per unit value of transient reactance and synchronous reactance of
generator,
Ugn and Sgn are rated voltage and rated apparent power of generator;
For steady state stability limit circle, this setting represents for X C , and the next setting (NO.2) is
X b , here
2
U gn × na
Xc = Xs × (Equation 7.3-50)
S gn × nv
X d'
2
U gn × na
X b = −( X d + )× (Equation 7.3-51)
2 S gn × nv
Where:
Xs is equivalent reactance on system side (including step-up transformer) connected with the
generator (per unit value, reference capacity is apparent power of the generator).
Asynchronous impedance circle and steady state stability limit circle can be selected by logic
setting [Opt_Z_LossExc_Gen] (No. 24).
For practical project, impedance between asynchronous impedance circle and steady state
stability limit circle can be selected for optimal combination of reliability and speed.
2 NO.2—[X2_LossExc_Gen]
3 NO.3—[Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
Q jx
Q zd = K rel ×
Pgn
(Equation 7.3-52)
Where:
Reverse reactive power criterion can be selected by logic setting [En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen] (NO.
26).
4 NO.4—[V_RotUV_LossExc_Gen]
Low voltage setting of rotor. There are two low voltage setting of rotor, they are
Where:
Ufd0 is rated excitation voltage of the generator without load, i.e. NO.5 setting.
For a generator connecting with power system, there is a necessary excitation voltage Ufd0 for
P − Pt
U fd .op ≤ K xs × U fd 0 × (Equation 7.3-54)
Sn
Where:
Xd and XS are per unit value of synchronous reactance of generator and equivalent reactance of
system connecting with the generator (referred to rated capacity of the generator);
5 NO.5—[V_RotNoLoad_LossExc_Gen]
6 NO.6—[k_RotUV_LossExc_Gen]
7 NO.7—[V_BusUV_LossExc_Gen]
This criterion is used mainly to prevent voltage collapse due to loss of excitation of generator for a
system without enough spare reactive power. Voltage on bus of system side is adopted for this
criterion.
Where:
This criterion can also be configured as 0.85 – 0.90 times of terminal voltage of generator.
8 NO.8—[P_UP_LossExc_Gen]
Power setting for reducing power output. This criterion is configured as 40% - 50% of rated
capacity of the generator.
9 NO.9—[t_LossExc1_Gen]
10 NO.10—[t_LossExc2_Gen]
11 NO.11—[t_LossExc3_Gen]
12 NO.12—[TrpLog_LossExc1_Gen]
13 NO.13—[TrpLog_LossExc2_Gen]
14 NO.14—[TrpLog_LossExc3_Gen]
15 NO.15—[En_Z_LossExc1_Gen]
16 NO.16—[En_RotUV_LossExc1_Gen]
17 NO.17—[En_P_LossExc1_Gen]
18 NO.18—[En_BusUV_LossExc2_Gen]
19 NO.19—[En_Z_LossExc2_Gen]
20 NO.20—[En_RotUV_LossExc2_Gen]
21 NO.21—[En_Z_LossExc3_Gen]
22 NO.22—[En_RotUV_LossExc3_Gen]
23 NO.23—[En_Alm_LossExc1_Gen]
24 NO.24—[Opt_Z_LossExc_Gen]
25 NO.25—[En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
26 NO.26—[Opt_UV_LossExc_Gen]
Note:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN LOSSEXC PROT --> [setting symbol].
Out-of-step protection operates only when out-of-step occurs in power system. Then, based on
situation at that time, the dispatching center will adopt islanding, generator shutting or restraint and
other necessary measures. Only if center of oscillation situates within the generator or near the
generator, or the oscillation lasts too long, and phase difference of electro-motive force between
two sides of the breaker less than 90°, this protection will trip.
Characteristic of this protection comprises three parts: lens part ②, boundary part ② and
reactance line part ③. See the following figure.
jx
Za
U
D
Zc 3
OL
IL
1 α IR
φ OR
0
R
1
Zb
2
L R
3 NO.1—[Za_OOS_Gen]
2
U gn × na
Za = (X S + X C ) × (Equation 7.3-57)
S gn × nv
Where:
Ugn and Sgn are rated voltage and rated apparent power of generator;
4 NO.2—[Zb_OOS_Gen]
2
U gn × na
Zb = − X ×'
(Equation 7.3-58)
S gn × nv
d
Where:
5 NO.3—[Zc_OOS_Gen]
Impedance setting C of out-of-step protection. Reactance line is the dividing line of oscillation
center. Refer to Figure 7.3-2, this setting can be set by means of the following formula. In practice,
0.9 times of transformer impedance is recommended.
2
U gn × na
Z c = 0.9 × X c ×
S gn × nv
(Equation 7.3-59)
6 NO.4—[φ_Reach_OOS_Gen]
7 NO.5—[φ_Inner_OOS_Gen]
2Z r
α = 180° − 2 arctan (Equation 7.3-60)
Z a + Zb
1
Zr ≤ RL. min (Equation 7.3-61)
1.3
8 NO.6—[n_Slip_Ext_OOS_Gen]
Pole sliding number setting for external fault of generator. When the oscillation center situates
outside the protected section, times of pole sliding shall be set as 2 – 15 for alarm and more than
15 for tripping.
9 NO.7—[n_Slip_Int_OOS_Gen]
Pole sliding number setting for internal fault of generator. When the oscillation center situates
within the protected section, time of pole sliding shall be set as 1-2 in general.
10 NO.8—[Ibrk_TCB]
11 NO.9—[TrpLog_OOS_Gen]
12 NO.10—[En_Alm_Ext_OOS_Gen]
13 NO.11—[En_Trp_Ext_OOS_Gen]
14 NO.12—[En_Alm_Int_OOS_Gen]
15 NO.13—[En_Trp_Int_OOS_Gen]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN OOS PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[V_OV1_Gen]
Setting of overvoltage protection of stator shall base on permissive overvoltage capability provided
by the factory or insulation condition of the stator.
U op = 1.3U gn
(Equation 7.3-62)
Where:
U gn
is the secondary rated phase-to-phase voltage.
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.5 s.
For hydro-generator,
U op = 1.5U gn
(Equation 7.3-63)
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.5 s.
U op = 1.3U gn
(Equation 7.3-64)
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.3 s.
2 NO.2—[t_OV1_Gen]
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_OV1_Gen]
4 NO.4—[V_OV2_Gen]
5 NO.5—[t_OV2_Gen]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_OV2_Gen]
7 NO.7—[V_UV_Gen]
8 NO.8—[t_UV_Gen]
9 NO.9—[TrpLog_UV_Gen]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN VOLT PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[k_OvExc1_Gen]
U
B U gn
N = = = U ∗ / f ∗ = 1.3 or data provided by the factory
Bn f
f gn
2 NO.2—[t_OvExc1_Gen]
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_OvExc1_Gen]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 1 of definite time over excitation protection. The function of
this protection is used for islanding, excitation shutting or programming, excitation reducing etc.
4 NO.4—[k_OvExc2_Gen]
5 NO.5—[t_OvExc2_Gen]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_OvExc2_Gen]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 2 of definite time over excitation protection.
7 NO.7—[k_Alm_OvExc_Gen]
Setting of over excitation alarm. Setting of alarm shall be lower than that of over excitation
protection. 1.1 is recommended.
8 NO.8—[t_Alm_OvExc_Gen]
9 NO.9—[k0_InvOvExc_Gen]
10 NO.10—[t0_InvOvExc_Gen]
11 NO.11—[k1_InvOvExc_Gen]
Inverse time over excitation factor1—n1. Setting range of various inverse time over excitation
coefficient s is 1.1 – 2.0. However setting of upper limit (NO.9) of over excitation factor n0 shall be
higher than that of over excitation factor1 n1, that of factor1 n1 shall be higher than that of factor2
n2, etc.. Finally, setting of over excitation factor6 n6 (NO.23) shall be higher than that of lower
limit.
12 NO.12—[t1_InvOvExc_Gen]
The range of delay of various inverse time over excitation protection stage is 0s to 6000 s,
ie.,0--50 min. Delay of upper limit (NO.10) of over excitation factor shall be shorter than that of
over excitation factor1, that of factor1 shall be shorter than that of factor2, etc.. Finally, delay of
over excitation factor6 (NO.22) shall be shorter than that of lower limit (NO.24).
13 NO.13—[k2_InvOvExc_Gen]
14 NO.14—[t2_InvOvExc_Gen]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
283
Chapter 7 Settings
15 NO.15—[k3_InvOvExc_Gen]
16 NO.16—[t3_InvOvExc_Gen]
17 NO.17—[k4_InvOvExc_Gen]
18 NO.18—[t4_InvOvExc_Gen]
19 NO.19—[k5_InvOvExc_Gen]
20 NO.20—[t5_InvOvExc_Gen]
21 NO.21—[k6_InvOvExc_Gen]
22 NO.22—[t6_InvOvExc_Gen]
23 NO.23—[k7_InvOvExc_Gen]
24 NO.24—[t7_InvOvExc_Gen]
25 NO.25—[TrpLog_InvOvExc_Gen]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN OVEXC PROT --> [setting symbol]
1 NO.1—[P_RevP_Gen]
Where:
P1 is minimum loss of turbine during reverse power operation, 2% - 4% of rated power generally;
2 NO.2—[t_Alm_RevP_Gen]
Delay of reverse power alarm. For reverse power protection without steam valve contact blocking,
delay 15 s for alarm.
3 NO.3—[t_Trp_RevP_Gen]
Delay of reverse power protection. For reverse power protection without steam valve contact
blocking, according to permissive operation time of reverse power, delay 1 min – 3 min is set for
islanding in general.
For program reverse power protection with steam valve contact blocking, delay 0.5 s – 1.00 s is
set for islanding.
4 NO.4—[TrpLog_RevP_Gen]
5 NO.5—[P_UP_Gen]
6 NO.6—[t_UP_Gen]
7 NO.7—[TrpLog_UP_Gen]
8 NO.8—[P_SeqTrp_RevP_Gen]
9 NO.9—[t_SeqTrp_RevP_Gen]
For sequent-tripping reverse power protection with steam valve contact blocking, delay 0.5 s –
1.00 s for islanding.
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_SeqTrp_RevP_Gen]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN PWR PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[f_UF1_Gen]
Permissive range of frequency during operation for large turbo-generator with capacity more than
300 MW is 48.5 Hz – 50.5 Hz.
Recommended permissive operation time of abnormal frequency for large generator is as follows.
Three stages of under frequency protection are provided in which function of accumulated
operating time is equipped for stage 1(NO.2 setting).
Two zones of over frequency protection are provided, in which no function of accumulated
operating time is equipped.
Each zone can be used for alarm or tripping by configuration of logic setting.
2 NO.2—[t_UF1_Gen]
3 NO.3—[f_UF2_Gen]
4 NO.4-- [t_UF2_Gen]
5 NO.5—[f_UF3_Gen]
6 NO.6—[t_UF3_Gen]
7 NO.7—[f_UF4_Gen]
8 NO.8—[t_UF4_Gen]
9 NO.9—[TrpLog_UF_Gen]
10 NO.10—[f_OF1_Gen]
11 NO.11—[t_OF1_Gen]
12 NO.12—[f_OF2_Gen]
13 NO.13—[t_OF2_Gen]
14 NO.14—[TrpLog_OF_Gen]
15 NO.15—[En_Alm_UF1_Gen]
16 NO.16—[En_Trp_UF1_Gen]
17 NO.17—[En_Alm_UF2_Gen]
18 NO.18—[En_Trp_UF2_Gen]
19 NO.19—[En_Alm_UF3_Gen]
20 NO.20—[En_Trp_UF3_Gen]
21 NO.21—[En_Alm_UF4_Gen]
22 NO.22—[En_Trp_UF4_Gen]
23 NO.23—[En_Alm_OF1_Gen]
24 NO.24—[En_Trp_OF1_Gen]
25 NO.25—[En_Alm_OF2_Gen]
26 NO.26—[En_Trp_OF2_Gen]
27 NO.27—[En_BO_UC_OvSp_Gen]
Enable binary output function of over speed of generator. When the current is higher than a
internal setting, the equipment will output a pair of contacts (4B1-3 and 4B5-7)
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN FREQ PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[f_UF_Ctrl_StShut_Gen]
Startup and shutdown protection is used for earth fault and phase-to-phase fault of stator during
low speed operation of the generator. Its algorithm is insensitive to variation of frequency.
This protection is auxiliary protection of generator during low frequency operation. Blocking
setting of this protection is 0.8 – 0.9 times of rated frequency.
2 NO.2—[I_TrDiff_StShut_Gen]
Differential current setting for the differential protection of main transformer in start-stop condition.
For phase-to-phase fault, differential current protection is used. The equipment comprises
differential current protection of generator, main transformer and stepdown transformer.
Setting of this protection during rated frequency shall be higher than imbalance current in
differential circuit during full load operation,
Where:
Iunb is imbalance current in differential circuit during full load operation during rated frequency.
3 NO.3—[I_STDiff_StShut_Gen]
Differential current setting for the differential protection of stepdown transformer in startup and
shutdown condition. The setting principle is as same as No.2.
4 NO.4—[I_GenDiff_StShut_Gen]
Differential current setting for the differential protection of generator in startup and shutdown
condition.
5 NO.5—[I_SPTDiff_StShut_Gen]
Differential current setting for the split phase differential protection of generator in startup and
shutdown condition.
6 NO.6—[I_ExcDiff_StShut_Gen]
Differential current setting for the differential protection of exciter in startup and shutdown
condition.
7 NO.7—[TrpLog_Diff_StShut_Gen]
8 NO.8—[V_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
Zero sequence voltage setting of stator earth fault protection in startup and shutdown condition.
For earth fault, zero sequence voltage derived from neutral point is adopted as criterion with
setting 10 V in general and delay not shorter than that of fundamental zero sequence voltage earth
fault protection for stator in normal condition.
9 NO.9—[t_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
Tripping output logic setting of stator earth fault protection in startup and shutdown condition.
11 NO.11—[En_TrDiff_StShut_Gen]
12 NO.12—[En_STDiff_StShut_Gen]
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
291
Chapter 7 Settings
13 NO.13—[En_GenDiff_StShut_Gen]
14 NO.14—[En_SPTDiff_StShut_Gen]
15 NO.15—[En_ExcDiff_StShut_Gen]
16 NO.16—[En_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
17 NO.17—[En_UF_Ctrl__StShut_Gen]
Settings of generator startup and shutdown protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN STSHUT PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[f_UF_AccEnerg_Gen]
Frequency blocking setting shall be 80% - 90% of the rated frequency, i.e., 40 Hz – 45 Hz.
2 NO.2—[I_OC_AccEnerg_Gen]
Current setting shall be 50% of minimum accidental closing current (generator side) during
process of generator starting up but having not been excited. If accidental closing current of circuit
breaker on stepdown transformer side shall be considered, current setting shall base on minimum
accidental closing current during this condition. The current used for this setting is derived from the
CT at the terminal of generator.
In general, this setting shall be in excess of 1.3 times of rated current of generator.
3 NO.3—[Ibrk_TCB]
4 NO.4—[t_AccEnerg_Gen]
5 NO.5—[TrpLog_AccEnerg_Gen]
6 NO.6—[I_NegOC_Flash_TCB]
7 NO.7—[t_Flash1_TCB]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_Flash1_TCB]
If impulse current may be higher than capacity of circuit breaker during asynchronous closing, the
protection shall shut off the excitation firstly. If current passing through circuit breaker is lower than
permissive value, the protection can trip the circuit breaker on outlet.
Permissive tripping current of circuit breaker shall be configured as that provided by factory.
9 NO.9—[t_Flash2_TCB]
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_Flash2_TCB]
11 NO.11—[En_UF_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
12 NO.12—[En_CB_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
13 NO.13—[En_Ibrk_Ctrl_Trp_TCB]
Settings of generator accidental energization protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> GEN ACCENERG PROT --> [setting
symbol].
1 NO.1—[I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Exc]
the unbalance differential current may be larger than that of main transformer. So for pickup
setting, 0.5 Ie is recommended.
2 NO.2—[I_InstDiff_Exc]
3 NO.3—[Slope1_PcntDiff_Exc]
4 NO.4—[Slope2_PcntDiff_Exc]
5 NO.5—[k_Harm_PcntDiff_Exc]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_Diff_Exc]
7 NO.7—[En_InstDiff_Exc]
8 NO.8—[En_PcntDiff_Exc]
9 NO.9—[Opt_Inrush_Ident_Exc]
10 NO.10—[Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Exc]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> EXC DIFF PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[V_NegOV_VCE_Exc]
Negative sequence voltage setting of composite voltage control element. Setting and displayed
value of negative sequence voltage are U2.
Note:
Please refer to the setting explanation of backup protection of main transformer for reference.
2 NO.2—[Vpp_VCE_Exc]
3 NO.3—[I_OC1_Exc]
4 NO.4—[t_OC1_Exc]
5 NO.5—[TrpLog_OC1_Exc]
6 NO.6—[I_OC2_Exc]
7 NO.7—[t_OC2_Exc]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_OC2_Exc]
9 NO.9—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Exc]
10 NO.10—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Exc]
11 NO.11—[En_Mem_Curr_Exc]
12 NO.12—[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC__Exc]
“1”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, voltage control element at the same side will be
disabled but overcurrent relay on the same side can still be controlled by voltage control elements
of other side if corresponding logic setting is set as “1”.
“0”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, the overcurrent relay will become an
overcurrent relay without voltage element control.
13 NO.13—[Opt_AC_Input_S1_Exc]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is the AC current input for
overcurrent protection is derived from S1 side of exciter.
14 NO.14—[Opt_AC_Input_S2_Exc]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is the AC current input for
overcurrent protection is derived from S2 side of exciter.
Note:
The current used in the overcurrent protection is derived from the CT at the HV side of excitation
transformer or the CT at the neutral point of exciter.
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> GEN PROT SETTINGS -> EXC BAK PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[I_OvLd_RotWdg]
Setting of overload protection of rotor winding. If the measured current is input by DC type, the unit
of the setting is ‘kA’. Otherwise, ‘A’ is the unit of AC type current.
2 NO.2—[t_OvLd_RotWdg]
3 NO.3—[TrpLog_OvLd_RotWdg]
4 NO.4—[I_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg]
5 NO.5—[t_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg]
6 NO.6—[I_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
7 NO.7—[tmin_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
8 NO.8—[A_Therm_RotWdg]
9 NO.9—[Ib_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
10 NO.10—[TrpLog_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
11 NO.11—[Opt_AC_Input_RotWdg]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is AC current input for overload
protection of rotor winding.
12 NO.12—[Opt_DC_Input_RotWdg]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is DC current input for overload
protection of rotor winding.
13 NO.13—[Opt_AC_Input_S1_RotWdg]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is the AC current input for overload
protection of rotor winding is derived from HV side of excitation transformer.
14 NO.14—[Opt_AC_Input_S2_RotWdg]
Type selection configuration logic setting of current input. “1” is the AC current input for overload
protection of rotor winding is derived from LV side of excitation transformer.
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> EXC OVLD PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[I_Pkp_PcntDiff_ST]
2 NO.2—[I_InstDiff_ST]
3 NO.3—[Slope1_PcntDiff_ST]
4 NO.4—[Slope2_PcntDiff_ST]
5 NO.5—[k_Harm_PcntDiff_ST]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_Diff_ST]
7 NO.7—[En_InstDiff_ST]
8 NO.8—[En_PcntDiff_ST]
9 NO.9—[Opt_Inrush_Ident_ST]
10 NO.10—[Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_ST]
Settings of stepdown transformer differential protection are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> ST DIFF PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 NO.1—[V_NegOV_VCE_HVS_ST]
Negative sequence voltage setting of composite voltage control element at HVS of stepdown
transformer.
2 NO.2—[Vpp_VCE_HVS_ST]
3 NO.3—[I_OC1_HVS_ST]
4 NO.4—[t_OC1_HVS_ST]
5 NO.5—[TrpLog_OC1_HVS_ST]
6 NO.6—[I_OC2_HVS_ST]
7 NO.7—[t_OC2_HVS_ST]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_OC2_HVS_ST]
9 NO.9—[I_Alm_OvLd_HVS_ST]
10 NO.10—[t_Alm_OvLd_HVS_ST]
11 NO.11—[I_InitCool_OvLd_HVS_ST]
12 NO.12—[t_InitCool_OvLd_HVS_ST]
13 NO.13—[I_BO_OC_HVS_ST]
14 NO.14—[t_BO_OC_HVS_ST]
15 NO.15—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_ HVS_ST]
16 NO.16—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_ HVS_ST]
17 NO.17—[En_Mem_Curr_ HVS_ST]
18 NO.18—[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_HVS_ST]
“1”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, voltage control element at the same side will be
disabled but overcurrent relay on the same side can still be controlled by voltage control elements
of other side if corresponding logic setting is set as “1”.
“0”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, the overcurrent relay will become an
overcurrent relay without voltage element control.
19 NO.19—[En_Alm_OvLd_HVS_ST]
20 NO.20—[En_InitCool_OvLd_HVS_ST]
21 NO.21—[En_BO_OC_HVS_ST]
Enable overcurrent output function; When overcurrent output function is enabled, RCS-985A will
output contact to block regulating voltage of stepdown with load with the time delay of
[t_BO_OC_HVS_ST] when the current is greater than the setting [I_BO_OC_HVS_ST].
22 NO.22—[En_LVSProt_Blk_OC1_HVS_ST]
23 No.23—[Cfg_CT_BO_OC_HVS_ST]
When double CT is equipped with HV side of stepdown transformer, big ratio or small ratio is
optional for overcurrent output function. 0: small ratio is selected; 1: big ratio is selected.
Settings of HVS backup protection of stepdown transformer are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> GEN PROT SETTINGS -> ST HVS BAK PROT --> [setting
symbol].
Table 7-42 List of LVS branch 1 backup protection settings of stepdown transformer
Table 7-43 List of LVS branch 2 backup protection settings of stepdown transformer
45 En_Alm_OvLd_Br2_ST 0,1 0
46 En_Alm_ROV_Br2_ST 0,1 0
1 NO.1—[V_NegOV_VCE_Br1_ST]/[V_NegOV_VCE_Br2_ST]
Negative sequence voltage setting of composite voltage control element at LVS branch 1 or
branch 2 of stepdown transformer.
2 NO.2—[Vpp_VCE_Br1_ST]/[Vpp_VCE_Br2_ST]
3 NO.3—[I_OC1_Br1_ST]/[I_OC1_Br2_ST]
4 NO.4—[t_OC1_ Br1_ST]/[t_OC1_Br2_ST]
5 NO.5—[TrpLog_OC1_Br1_ST]/[TrpLog_OC1_Br2_ST]
6 NO.6—[I_OC2_Br1_ST]/[I_OC2_Br2_ST]
7 NO.7—[t_OC2_Br1_ST]/[t_OC2_Br2_ST]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_OC2_Br1_ST]/[TrpLog_OC2_Br2_ST]
9 NO.9—[I_ROC1_Br1_ST]/[I_ROC1_Br2_ST]
10 NO.10—[t_ROC1_Br1_ST]/[t_ROC1_Br2_ST]
11 NO.11—[TrpLog_ROC1_Br1_ST]/[TrpLog_ROC1_Br2_ST]
Tripping output logic setting of definite time zero sequence overcurrent protection stage1.
12 NO.12—[I_ROC2_Br1_ST]/[I_ROC2_Br2_ST]
13 NO.13—[t_ROC2_Br1_ST]/[t_ROC2_Br2_ST]
14 NO.14—[TrpLog_ROC2_Br1_ST]/[TrpLog_ROC2_Br2_ST]
Tripping output logic setting of definite time zero sequence overcurrent protection stage2.
16 NO.16—[t_OvLd_Br1_ST]/[t_OvLd_Br2_ST]
17 NO.17—[V_ROV_Br1_ST]/[V_ROV_Br2_ST]
Voltage setting of zero sequence overvoltage protection at LVS branch 1 or branch 2 of stepdown
transformer.
18 NO.18—[t_ROV_Br1_ST]/[t_ROV_Br2_ST]
Time setting of zero sequence overvoltage protection at LVS branch 1 or branch 2 of stepdown
transformer.
19 NO.19—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Br1_ST]/[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC1_Br2_ST]
20 NO.20—[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Br1_ST]/[En_VCE_Ctrl_OC2_Br2_ST]
21 NO.21—[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Br1_ST]/[Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Br2_ST]
“1”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, voltage control element at the same side will be
disabled but overcurrent relay on the same side can still be controlled by voltage control elements
of other side if corresponding logic setting is set as “1”.
“0”: when VT circuit failure at one side is detected, the overcurrent relay will become an
overcurrent relay without voltage element control.
22 NO.22—[En_Alm_OvLd_Br1_ST]/[En_Alm_OvLd_Br2_ST]
Enable alarm for overload protection at LVS branch 1 or branch 2 of stepdown transformer.
23 NO.20—[En_Alm_ROV_Br1_ST]/[En_Alm_ROV_Br2_ST]
Settings of LVS backup protection of stepdown transformer are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> GEN PROT SETTINGS -> ST BR1 BAK PROT --> [setting
symbol].
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> GEN PROT SETTINGS -> ST BR2 BAK PROT --> [setting
symbol].
1 NO.1—[t_MechRly1]
2 NO.2—[TrpLog_MechRly1]
3 NO.3—[t_MechRly2]
4 NO.4—[TrpLog_MechRly2]
5 NO.5—[t_MechRly3]
6 NO.6—[TrpLog_MechRly3]
7 NO.7—[t_MechRly4]
8 NO.8—[TrpLog_MechRly4]
9 NO.9—[En_Supv_MechRly]
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> PROT SETTINGS -> MECH RLY PROT --> [setting symbol].
1 No.1--[I_OC_PD]
2 No.2--[I_NegOC_PD]
3 No.3--[I_ROC_PD]
4 No.4--[t_PD1]
5 No.5--[TrpLog_PD1]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 1 with delay 1of pole disagreement protection.
6 No.6--[t_PD2]
7 No.7--[TrpLog_PD2]
Tripping output logic setting of stage 1 with delay 2 of pole disagreement protection.
8 No.8--[En_NegOC_PD]
9 No.9--[En_ROC_PD]
10 No.10--[En_ExTrp_Ctrl_PD2]
Logic setting of enabling stage 1 with delay 2 of pole disagreement protection controlled by
binary input of protection tripping contact.
11 No.11--[En_OC_PD2]
Logic setting of enabling stage 1 with delay 2 of pole disagreement protection controlled by phase
current element.
5 I1b_SnGen_CT_SP2_Gen 0-60000 A
6 I1b_SnST_CT_HVS_ST 0-60000 A
7 I1b_SnST_CT_Br1_ST 0-60000 A
8 I1b_SnST_CT_Br2_ST 0-60000 A
9 I1b_SnExc_CT_S1_Exc 0-60000 A
10 I1b_SnExc_CT_S2_Exc 0-60000 A
1 No.1-- [I1b_SnTr_CT_HVS_Tr]
Sn
Primary rated current at HV side of main transformer. The equation is I b1n = . Please
3U b1n
refer to section 3.3.1 to see more details.
2 No.2-- [I1b_SnTr_CT_LVS_Tr]
3 No.3-- [I1b_SnGen_CT_Gen]
Pn / cos θ
Primary rated current of generator. The equation is I f 1n = . Please refer to section 3.3.2
3U f 1n
to see more details.
4 No.4-- [I1b_SnGen_CT_SP1_Gen]
Primary rated current of the first splitting branch at the neutral point of generator.
5 No.5-- [I1b_SnGen_CT_SP2_Gen]
Primary rated current of the second splitting branch at the neutral point of generator.
6 No.6-- [I1b_SnST_CT_HVS_ST]
7 No.7-- [I1b_SnST_CT_Br1_ST]
8 No.8-- [I1b_SnST_CT_Br2_ST]
9 No.9-- [I1b_SnExc_CT_S1_Exc]
10 No.10-- [I1b_SnExc_CT_S2_Exc]
Primary rated current at LV side of excitation transformer or neutral point side of exciter.
All settings of calculated primary rated current are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> CALC SETTINGS -> PRI RATED CURR -> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_HVS1_Tr]
I b1n
Secondary rated current at HVS 1 of main transformer. The equation is I b 2 n = . Please refer
nbLH
to section 3.3.1 to see more details.
2 No.2-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_HVS2_Tr]
3 No.3-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_LVS_Tr]
4 No.4-- [I2b_SnTr_CT#_HVS_ST]
5 No.5-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_HVS_GTU]
6 No.6-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_LVS_GTU]
7 No.7-- [I2b_SnTr_CT_ST_GTU]
Secondary rated current at HVS of stepdown transformer. It is used for differential protection of
generator-transformer unit.
8 No.8-- [I2b_SnGen_CT_Term_Gen]
9 No.9-- [I2b_SnGen_CT_SP1_Gen]
Secondary rated current of the first splitting branch at the neutral point of generator.
10 No.10-- [I2b_SnGen_CT_SP2_Gen]
Secondary rated current of the second splitting branch at the neutral point of generator.
11 No.11-- [I2b_SnST_CT#_HVS_ST]
Secondary rated current at HV side CT2 of stepdown transformer which with big ratio.
12 No.12-- [I2b_SnST_CT_HVS_ST]
Secondary rated current at HV side CT1 of stepdown transformer which with small ratio.
13 No.13-- [I2b_SnST_CT_Br1_ST]
14 No.14-- [I2b_SnST_CT_Br2_ST]
15 No.15-- [I2b_SnExc_CT_S1_Exc]
16 No.16-- [I2b_SnExc_CT_S2_Exc]
Secondary rated current at LV side of excitation transformer or neutral point side of exciter.
All settings of calculated primary rated current are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> CALC SETTINGS -> SEC RATED CURR -> [setting symbol]
1 No.1-- [V2b_VT_HVS_Tr]
3 No.3-- [U2b_VT_Term_Gen]
4 No.4-- [U2b_DeltaVT_Term_Gen]
5 No.5-- [U2b_NP_Gen]
6 No.6-- [k_DeltVT_Gen]
The ratio of zero sequence voltage between terminal and neutral point of generator. That is the
ratio between [U2b_DeltVT_Term_Gen] to [U2b_NP_Gen].
7 No.7-- [U2b_VT_Br1_ST]
8 No.8-- [U2b_DeltVT_Br1_ST]
9 No.9-- [U2b_VT_Br2_ST]
10 No.10-- [U2b_DeltVT_Br2_ST]
11 No.11-- [U2b_VT_Exc]
12 No.12-- [U2b_DeltVT_LVS_Tr]
All settings of calculated primary rated voltage are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> CALC SETTINGS -> SEC RATED VOLT -> [setting symbol]
Differential coefficient of LVS of main transformer. For differential protection of main transformer,
the base side is LV side.
4 No.4-- [k_ST_Diff_Tr]
5 No.5-- [k_TrHVS_Diff_GTU]
Differential coefficient of HVS of main transformer for differential protection of generator and
transformer unit.
6 No.6-- [k_NP_Diff_GTU]
Differential coefficient of neutral point of generator for differential protection of generator and
transformer unit.
7 No.7-- [k_ST_Diff_GTU]
Differential coefficient of HVS of stepdown transformer for differential protection of generator and
transformer unit.
8 No.8-- [k_Term_Diff_Gen]
9 No.9-- [k_SP1_Diff_Gen]
10 No.10-- [k_SP2_Diff_Gen]
11 No.11-- [k_HVS_Diff_ST]
12 No.12-- [k_Br1_Diff_ST]
13 No.13-- [k_Br2_Diff_ST]
14 No.14-- [k_S1_Diff_Exc]
15 No.15-- [k_S2_Diff_Exc]
All settings of calculated differential coefficient are accessible in the following path:
Main Menu -> SETTINGS -> CALC SETTINGS -> DIFF CORR COEF -> [setting symbol]
The settings in the following list can not be seen on LCD of equipment and only be viewed and
configured on PC through RCSPC software.
8 I2b2_SnGen_CT_Term_Gen 0-600 A
9 I2b2_SnGen_CT_SP1_Gen 0-600 A
10 I2b2_SnGen_CT_SP2_Gen 0-600 A
11 I2b2_SnST_CT#_HVS_ST 0-600 A
12 I2b2_SnST_CT_HVS_ST 0-600 A
13 I2b2_SnST_CT_Br1_ST 0-600 A
14 I2b2_SnST_CT_Br2_ST 0-600 A
15 I2b2_SnExc_CT_S1_Exc 0-600 A
16 I2b2_SnExc_CT_S2_Exc 0-600 A
Corresponding explanation about the meaning of these settings can refer to section 7.4.2.2 and
section 7.4.4.2 respectively.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), menu tree and LCD display. At the same
time how to input settings using keypad is described in detail. Finally, this chapter introduces the
RCSPC software and wave analysis software.
The front panel of the relay includes the following, as indicated in Figure 8.2-1:
6 Name of manufacture
8.2.2 LCD
A 320*240 dots liquid crystal display (LCD) with LED backlight. The backlight can be switched on
automatically whenever the keypad is operated or operation or alarm issued. Backlight will be
turned off after a while.
The front panel menu has a default display under normal state after powered-up. If there is no
keypad activity for the 5 minutes timeout period, the default will return again and the LCD backlight
will turn off. When the equipment is switched on or during normal operation condition, based on
actual connection of the generator-transformer unit, the LCD will display different connection
diagrams and related information.
If the unit comprises a 3/2 bus at HV side of main transformer and an stepdown transformer with
two windings, the LCD will display:
If the unit comprises a main transformer with single outlet and an stepdown transformer with three
windings, the LCD will display:
If the unit comprises a breaker between main transformer and generator, the LCD will display:
Whenever there is an un-eliminated fault record in the relay, the default display will be replaced by
fault report.
Whenever there is an un-eliminated internal failure record in the relay, the default display will be
replaced by alarm report.
Whenever there is change of state of any binary input, the default display will be replaced by
change report of binary input as shown as below.
“Healthy” (Green) indicates that the relay is in correct working order, and should be on at all times.
It will be extinguished when some internal error in hardware or software have been detected by
self-diagnosing facilities, such as setting error, RAM or ROM error, power supply failure, output
circuit failure and so on. The state of the healthy LED is reflected by the watchdog contact at the
rear terminals of the relay. The healthy cannot light again automatically even if the failure is
eliminated except that the relay is reset or powered up by manual.
“VT Alarm” (Yellow) indicates that the relay has found any failure of VT circuit.
“CT Alarm” (Yellow) indicates that the relay has found any failure of CT circuit.
“Alarm” (Yellow) indicates that the relay has registered an alarm. This may be triggered by one of
the following failures: defective pickup, failure of analog or digital input circuit, optical isolator
power loss and so on. The LED will constantly illuminate, and will extinguish, when the alarms
have been cleared.
“Trip” (RED) indicates that the relay has issued a trip signal. It is reset when the reset button on
the front of panel is pushed down or by remote resetting command.
8.2.4 Keypad
A keypad compromises 4 arrow keys (◄,►,▲ and ▼), two adjusting keys(“+”、“-”), one ”enter” key
(“ENT”) and one cancel key (“ESC”).
The keypad provides full access to the menu options of the relay, with the information displayed on
the LCD, such as setting configuration, report display, printing and signal reset.
The ◄,►,▲ and ▼ keys are used to move the cursor. Push “▲” will enter into the main menu.
“+”、“-” change parameters or setting values. “ENT” provide Enter/Execute function. “ESC” is used
to exit the present level in the menu tree. Brief description about keypad is given in the following
table.
Key Function
1 ◄, ►,▲ and ▼, arrow move between selectable branches of the menu tree
buttons
2 “+”, “-” change parameters or setting values
3 ENT provide Enter/Execute function
4 GRP setting Group selection
5 ESC exit the present level in the menu tree.
8.2.5 Menu
8.2.5.1 Menu tree
This part presents the main layout of the menu tree for the local human-machine interface (HMI).
The menu tree includes menus of:
VALUES
REPORT
SETTINGS
CLOCK
VERSION
DEBUG
PRINT TR METERING
ST METERING
SETTINGS
GTU METERING
CLOCK
GEN METERING
VERSION EXC METERING
DEBUG
The default display can be replaced by the menu when press“▲” or “ESC”.
The menu of this relay is arranged as a tree-shaped cascade structure. See Figure 8.2-11. The
menu can be browsed using the keypad.
Press “▲” to starting at the default display and to enter into main menu.
To enter the lower level menu, select the required item and press “ENT”.
To return to the upper level menu, press “ESC” or select “0. Exit” and push “ENT”.
The menu can be browsed using the four arrow keys, following the structure shown in Figure
8.2-10. Thus, starting at the default display the “▲” key will display the first column heading. To
select the required column heading use the “▲”and “▼” keys. To return to the default display
press the clear key “ESC” from any of the column headings.
ST DIFF WAVE
ST BR1 WAVE
ST BR2 WAVE
The menu structure contains two levels of access. The level of access is enabled determines what
users can do by entry of password. The levels of access are summarized in the following table:
The password is 4 digits. The factory default passwords is sequently pressing of the keys “+”, “◄”,
“▲”, “-” and “ENT”.
Metering data consists of AC sampled data and phase angle in the submenu VALUES. Take
viewing data relevant to differential protection of CPU metering as an example. User can view data
of MON in the same way by entering “MON METERING” submenu.
Navigate the menu through the following path and you will see the interface of LCD as shown in
Figure 8.2-12.
Main menu -> VALUES -> CPU METERING-> TR METERING ->DIFF CURR
A scroll bar appears on the right means there are more rows needed to be displayed. Please press
key “▼”to see the next page and press key “ESC” to exit to the upper level submenu.
The status of binary input comprises enabling binary inputs and other binary inputs of auxiliary
contacts.
For instance, navigate the menu through the following path and you will see the interface of LCD
to see binary inputs related to generator’s protection sampled by CPU.
Main menu -> CPU BI STATE-> -> GEN PROT EBI -> [symbols]
Entering into “PHASE ANGLE” submenu, the calculated angles between sampled voltages or
between sampled voltages and currents by CPU system will be displayed on LCD as shown below,
which can be used to check the correctness of secondary circuit wiring.
The angles displayed is that the former value leading to the later one, which varies from -180~+
180, as shown as figure below for example.
REPORT
TRIP REPORT
Scrolling the cursor to this submenu and press “ENT” key, the LCD will display the latest trip report
if exist, otherwise a clew of “NO TRIP REPORT” will appear. If there are several trip reports stored
in memory, user can look up historical record one by one by pushing “▲” key.
RCS-985A can store up to 24 latest trip reports. When the available space is exhausted, the oldest
report is automatically overwritten by the new one .
REPORT—ALARM REPORT
Scrolling the cursor to this submenu and press “ENT” key, the LCD will display the latest alarm
report if exist, otherwise a clew of “NO ALARM REPORT” will appear. If there are several alarm
reports stored in memory, user can look up historical record one by one by pushing “▲” key.
RCS-985A can store up to 64 latest alarm reports. When the available space is exhausted, the
oldest report is automatically overwritten by the new one.
Scrolling the cursor to this submenu and press “ENT” key, the LCD will display the last BI CHG
report if exist, otherwise a clew of “NO BI CHG REPORT” will appear. If there are several BI CHG
reports stored in memory, user can look up historical record one by one by pushing “▲” key.
RCS-985A can store up to 64 latest signaling reports at a resolution of 2ms. When the available
space is exhausted, the oldest report is automatically overwritten by the new one
If you want to delete the content of fault records or event records, you can follow the operating
steps. Note you cannot select which kind of records or which one record to be deleted but delete
all records.
Operating steps:
Press keys “+”, “-”, “+”, “-”, “ENT” in sequence in the main menu to make LCD display Figure
8.2-16.
Press key “ENT” to delete all records or press key “ESC” to exit to main menu. If key “ENT” is
pressed, LCD will display Figure 8.2-17 when equipment is deleting all records. If key “ESC” is
pressed, Figure 8.2-15 will be displayed. LCD will automatically return to Figure 8.2-15 in 3
seconds without pressing any key.
Press key “ENT” to delete all records or press key “ESC” to exit to main menu. If key “ENT” is
pressed, LCD will display Figure 8.2-17 when equipment is deleting all records. If key “ESC” is
pressed, Figure 8.2-15 will be displayed. LCD will automatically return to Figure 8.2-15 in 3
seconds without pressing any key.
PRINT
SETTINGS
[submenu]
Used for printing of settings. The following figure gives an example of the first submenu [ACTIVE
SETTINGS].
Note:
If the protection is disabled by configuring the setting in the <PROT CONFIG>, the settings of this
protection element will not be printed.
The report below is just an example to show the format, and there is something not like the real
one, such as program version displayed on its top. They are only a reference.
PRINT
TRIP REPORT
Used for printing of trip report of protection. User can select the report that he wants to print by
pushing ” ▲” and “▼” keys to select the SOE number. Here is an example. The below is an
example for reports and the only difference between this one and the real one is that the program
version displayed at the top of the report.
PRINT
ALARM REPORT
Used for printing of alarm. User can select the report that he wants to print by pushing ” ▲” and
“▼” keys. Here is an example.
Used for printing of signaling report. User can select the report that he wants to print by pushing ”
▲” and “▼” keys. Here is an example.
PRINT
PRESENT VALUES
Used for printing of present values of relay, including sampled binary inputs, analog qualities and
so on. If you want to see the normal recording waveform, please follow the operating steps.
Operating steps:
Press key “▲” or “▼”to select “PRINT” item by scrolling the cursor upward or downward and then
press the “ENT” to the lower level submenu.
Then press key “▲” or “▼”to select “PRESENT WAVE” by scrolling the cursor upward or
downward. Press key “ENT” to enter the lower level submenu.
Press “TRIGGER” submenu to start recording. The equipment will record 5-cycle waveform after
pressing the key.
Please select the other items in the submenu “GTU DIFF WAVE” by scrolling cursor to print the
waveform.
Here is an example.
Settings
Equip Settings
To change the value of a equipment settings, first navigate the SETTING menu to display the
relevant cell. Press “ENT” to enter the submenu, then proceed to “Equip Settings” submenu. Keys
“▲” and “▼”are used to select which kind of the settings to be modified by scrolling the cursor
upward or downward. Press key “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to the digit to be modified. Press
key “+” and “–” to modify data. Press key “ESC” to return back without modification. Pressing key
“ENT” the LCD will prompt to input confirm password, then enter password mentioned in section
8.2.5.2 and quit to default display by pressing “ESC” key. After a period of extinguishing of the
“HEALTHY” LED and blocking of relay itself, RCS-985A is ready for new operation to fault
according to new settings, the modification is completed. The following figure shows the path to
access this submenu.
Settings
Protection settings
To change the value of a setting, first navigate the menu to “SETTING” then corresponding
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
356
Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface
submenu to display the relevant cell. Please locate the setting you want to change after entering
the right submenu by operating the keypad as described before. Then go on to operate as
following steps.
Press key “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to the digit to be modified. Pressing key “+” and “–” to
change the digit. Press key “+” once to add 1 to the digit and press key “–” once to subtract 1 from
the digit.
Press key “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to upper level submenu.
Press key “ENT” to confirm the modification and the LCD will prompt you to input confirm code.
Press keys “+”,” “◄”, “▲” and “–” in sequence to complete the modification. If the password input
is wrong, prompt for password will appear again. If no operation in 3 seconds, LCD will return to
last display.
If the password inputted is right, then equipment will check setting and Figure 8.2-24 will be
displayed temporarily. If there is no error in checking setting, Equipment will modify setting with
Figure 8.2-25 displayed temporarily. Then LCD will return to upper level submenu automatically.
If errors in settings are detected, the LCD will display wrong setting warning for 3 s.
Then LCD will display the setting list for the operator to modify the wrong setting. The cursor will
stay at the first wrong setting needed to be modified.
Note:
If the group number or protection system parameter is changed, all protection settings will be
invalid and have to be configured again.
Attentions should be paid that before modifying the protection settings, the active group number in
“Equip Settings” should modified firstly, otherwise what is modified will be applied to current active
group.
Settings
Settings Copy
The relay stores 2 setting groups from No.0 through No.1. Only present setting group is active, the
others are provided for different operating conditions. The equipment settings are shared for the
two setting groups, but the protection settings are independent. Generally the equipment is
delivered with default settings stored in active setting group “0”. The contents of other setting
groups may be invalid. Therefore after application-specific settings for group No.0 have been
ready, it is necessary to copy settings of group No.0 to No. 1 setting groups, and make some
modification afterwards when necessary, so as to avoid entering all settings one by one. Please
copy settings as following steps.
Move cursor to “SETTINGS” item and press key “ENT” or key“►” to enter submenu.
N A RI- R E L A Y S
Move cursor to “SETTINGS COPY” item and press “ENT” to display following interface.
Press key “+” and “–” to change digit where the cursor stays. Pressing key “+” once will add 1 to
the digit and pressing key “–“once will subtract 1 from the digit. (For example: input 01)
Press “ENT” the LCD will prompt to input confirm code. Please see the figure below.
Please press keys “+”, “◄”, “▲” and “–” in sequence, and then the equipment will copy setting and
display following interface.
Then the contents of setting group 0 will be totally copied to setting group 1 and present active
setting group will be switched to Group1.
Note:
Press “ENT” to confirm, Then settings group 0 will be totally copied to settings group 1 and present
After you press key “ENT”, the following will be displayed on the LCD.
Press keys “▲”, “▼”, “◄” and “►” to select the digit to be modified. Press key “+” and “–” to modify
data. Pressing key “+” once will add 1 to the digit and pressing key “–” once will subtract 1 from the
digit.
Press key “ENT” to confirm the modification and return to the main menu.
The equipment program has following parts. One is CPU module program, one is MON module
program, and another is HMI module program. There are totally independent.
After you press key “ENT”, the follow will be displayed on the LCD.
2007-2-28 10:39: shows that CPU software creating time is 10:39 Feb 28th 2007.
2007-2-28 10:44: shows that MON software creating time is 10:44 Feb 28th 2007.
2007-2-28 10:30: shows that HMI software creating time is 10:30 Feb 28th 2007.
Note:
What Figure 8.2-33 shows is just an example to introduce the meaning of VERSION, the actual
program VERSION is application-specific.
COMM STATUS
This submenu is used to monitor communication condition of the equipment with external system.
Display of this submenu is as follows:
485A 485 B
data received N Y
frame received N Y
message received N Y
send data N Y
Columns 485A and 485B display communication condition of RS-485 port1 and RS-485 port2
respectively. If communication condition is normal, “Y” will flash in the related position. If there is
flashing “N” in the position, it mean there are some problems. Please check the communication.
“Receive Data” means the equipment has received data from external system. If “N” flashes
means the circuit is open or no data is sent from external system.
“Valid Frame” means the equipment has received complete frame from external system. If “N”
flashes means Configuration of the baud rate or protocol is wrong.
“Valid Address” means the equipment has received related message from external system. If “N”
flashes means Configuration of the address is wrong.
“Send data” means the equipment has sent data to external system. If “N” flashes means there is
problem with the message.
MEMPRY DEBUG
The LCD displays real time value in memory of CPU, DSP1 and DSP2. These data are used
mainly for program debugging.
Chapter 9 Communications
9.1 Introduction
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of the RCS-985A. The protection
supports a choice of one of three protocols via the rear communication interface, selected via the
model number by setting.
The rear EIA(RS)485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 relays can be ‘daisy
chained’ together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The following figure shows typical scheme of communication via RS-485 port of RCS-985A used
in substation automation system.
The protocol provided by the relay is indicated in the relay menu in the ‘SETTINGS’ column. Using
the keypad and LCD, check the communication protocol being used by the rear port according to
the definition of relevant settings described in section 7.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length
must not exceed 1000m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end,
normally at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially
when the cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
Note:
• It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will result
in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
• As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for any
damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect application of
this voltage.
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relay’s communication settings
must be configured. To do this use the keypad and LCD user interface. Please refer to section
8.2.5 for detail instructions.
Three settings apply to the rear port using IEC60870-5-103 that are described below.
[Equip_ID] controls the IEC60870-5-103 address of the relay. Up to 32 relays can be connected to
one IEC60870-5-103 spur, and therefore it is necessary for each relay to have a unique address
so that messages from the master control station are accepted by one relay only. IEC60870-5-103
uses an integer number between 0 and 254 for the relay address. It is important that no two relays
have the same IEC60870-5-103 address. The IEC60870-5-103 address is then used by the
master station to communicate with the relay.
9.3.2.1 Settings
Note:
If the item “[En_Remote_Cfg]” in Equipment Settings is set as 0, to modify settings remotely will
not be allowed. Moreover, Equipment Settings & System Settings are not allowed to be modified
remotely whether the item “[En_Remote_Cfg]” is true (=1)or not.
9.3.2.6 BinaryInput
Physical Layer Setup:RS485, 1 start bit,8 data bits, no bit for parity,1 stop bit
Parity: no
The following modbus function codes are supported but re-defined by the relay:
Reads the ON/OFF status of discrete inputs in the slave. The status in the response message is
packed as one input per bit of the data field. Status is indicated as: 1 = ON; 0 = OFF. The LSB of
the first data byte contains the input addressed in the query. The other inputs follow toward the
high order end of this byte, and from ‘low order to high order’ in subsequent bytes.
Example 1: If the master want to fetch Trip Information (0000H~0003H), the query frame would be
as follows(Suppose the slave address was 1):
01 02 00 00 00 04 79 C9
CRC Hi
CRC Lo
Num of Status Lo
Num of Status Hi
The response fame would be as follows (Suppose the value of 0000H~0003H equal to 1,1,0,1
respectively):
01 02 01 0B E0 4F
CRC Hi
CRC Lo
Status
Length
Function Code
Slave Addr
Example 2: If the master want to fetch Trip Information(0002H~000DH),the query frame would be
as follows(Suppose the slave address was 1):
01 02 00 02 00 0C D9 CF
CRC Hi
CRC Lo
Num of Status Lo
Num of Status Hi
The response fame would be as follows (Suppose the value of 0002H~000DH equal to
1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0 respectively):
01 02 02 07 4B FB BF
CRC Hi
CRC Lo
Status Lo
Status Hi
Length
Function Code
Slave Addr
9.4.2.3 BinaryInput Change Information. “1” means binary change,”0” for no change or
draw off.
The metering values in the response message are packed as two bytes per register. For each
register, the first byte contains the high order bits and the second contains the low order bits.
9.4.3.1 Tr Metering
9.4.3.2 ST Metering
The function uses a two–byte sub function code field in the query to define the type of test to be
performed. The slave echoes both the function code and sub function code in a normal response.
The listing below shows the sub function codes supported by the equipment.
Code Name
00H Return Query Data
01H Restart Comm Option
04H Force Listen Only Mode
0BH Return Bus Message Count
Code Name
0CH Return Bus Comm. Error Count
0DH Return Bus Exception Error Cnt
0EH Return Slave Message Count
0FH Return Slave No Response Cnt
The listing below shows the exception codes supported by the equipment.
Code Description
01H Illegal Function
02H Illegal Data Address
03H Illegal Data Value
07H Negative Acknowledge
None of the other pins are connected in the relays. The relays should be connected to the serial
port of a PC, usually called as COM1 or COM2. The serial port pin connections, which is DB9 male,
is as below (if in doubt check you PC manual):
For successful data communication, the Tx pin on the relays must be connected to the Rx pin on
the PC, and Rx pin on the relay must be connected to Tx pin on the PC as shown in Figure 9.5-1.
Note:
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
There are two parameters need to be set in RCS-985A for communication with printer,
[Printer_Baud] and [En_AutoPrint], the former decides the communication speed and the later
decides the printer’s activating way. Please refer to chapter 7 for details.
---Event recording
---Fault recording
---Present recording
---Self-supervision
When the relays are connected to the GPS clock, all the relay clocks are synchronized with the
external time standard. There are two way to adjust the relay clock.
Chapter 10 Installation
10.1 Receipt of Relays
Upon receipt, relays should be examined immediately to ensure no external damage has been
sustained in transit. If damage has been sustained, a claim should be made to the transport
contractor and NR should be promptly notified. Relays that are supplied unmounted and not
intended for immediate installation should be returned to their protective bags and delivery carton.
Section 10.3 of this chapter gives more information about the storage of relays.
Each printed circuit board incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor
devices. However, if it becomes necessary to remove a printed circuit board, the following
precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the relay has
been designed and manufactured.
Before removing a printed circuit board, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as
the equipment by touching the case.
Handle analog input modules by the front panel, frame or edges of the circuit boards.
Printed circuit boards should only be handled by their edges. Avoid touching the electronic
components, printed circuit tracks or connectors.
Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at the same
electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
Place the module on an anti-static surface, or on a conducting surface that is at the same potential
as you.
If it is necessary to store or transport printed circuit boards removed from the case, place them
individually in electrically conducting anti-static bags.
In the unlikely event that you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of a
relay in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. Wrist
straps should have a resistance to ground between 500kΩ to 10MΩ. If a wrist strap is not available
you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent a build-up of electrostatic potential.
Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should also be earthed to the case
whenever possible.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS EN
100015: Part 1:1992. It is strongly recommended that detailed investigations on electronic circuitry
or modification work should be carried out in a special handling area such as described in the
British Standard document.
10.3 Storage
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt, they should be stored in a place free from
dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier bags have been included in the
packing they should be retained.
To prevent battery drain during transportation and storage a battery isolation strip is fitted during
manufacture. With the lower access cover open, presence of the battery isolation strip can be
checked by a red tab protruding from the positive polarity side.
Care should be taken on subsequent unpacking that any dust, which has collected on the carton,
does not fall inside. In locations of high humidity the carton and packing may become impregnated
with moisture and the de-humidifier crystals will lose their efficiency.
Prior to installation, relays should be stored at a temperature of between –25°C to +70°C (-13°F to
+158°F).
10.4 Unpacking
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the parts are
damaged and additional components are not accidentally left in the packing or lost. Ensure that
any User’s CDROM or technique documentation is NOT discarded – this should accompany the
relay to its destination substation.
Note:
With the lower access cover open, the red tab of the battery isolation strip will be seen protruding
from the positive (+) side of the battery compartment. Do not remove this strip because it prevents
battery drain during transportation and storage and will be removed as part of the commissioning
tests. Relays must only be handled by skilled persons.
The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection, clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and
excessive vibration.
Figure 10.5-2. The frames must have been designed to have dimensions in accordance with
IEC60297 and are supplied pre-assembled ready to use. On a standard 483mm rack system this
enables combinations of widths of case up to a total equivalent of size 80TE to be mounted side by
side.
Once the tier is complete, the frames are fastened into the racks using mounting angles at each
end of the tier.
487
5
28
465
R C S - 9 8 5
GENERATOR PROTECTION
530.4
GRP
457.2
190.5
ENT
ESC
8 - Φ 6.8
457.2
190.5
Relays can be mechanically grouped into single tier (12U) or multi-tier arrangements by means of
the rack frame.
Where the case size summation is less than 80TE on any tier, or space is to be left for installation
of future relays, blanking plates may be used. These plates can also be used to mount ancillary
components.
For applications where relays need to be semi-projection or projection mounted, a range of collars
are available. Where several relays are mounted in a single cutout in the panel, it is advised that
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
412
Chapter 10 Installation
they are mechanically grouped together horizontally and/or vertically to form rigid assemblies prior
to mounting in the panel.
Note:
It is not advised that RCS-985A are fastened using pop rivets as this will not allow the relay to be
easily removed from the panel in the future if repair is necessary.
If it is required to mount a relay assembly on a panel complying to IEC 60529 IP51 enclosure
protection, it will be necessary to fit a metallic sealing strip between adjoining relays and a sealing
ring around the complete assembly.
Loose relays are supplied with sufficient M4 screws for making connections to the rear mounted
terminal blocks using jointing terminals.
Due to the limitations of the jointing terminal, the maximum wire size that can be used for any of
the medium or heavy duty terminals is 4.0mm2 using jointing terminals that are not pre-insulated.
Where it required to only use pre-insulated ring terminals, the maximum wire size that can be used
is reduced to 2.5mm2 per ring terminal.
The wire used for all connections to the medium and heavy duty terminal blocks, except the
EIA(RS)485 port, should have a minimum voltage rating of 300Vrms.
It is recommended that the auxiliary supply wiring should be protected by a 16A high rupture
capacity (HRC) fuse of type NIT or TIA. For safety reasons, current transformer circuits must
never be fused. Other circuits should be appropriately fused to protect the wire used.
The relays can have an optional 10 or 100 Mbps Ethernet port. FO connection is recommended for
use in permanent connections in a substation environment. The 10Mbit port uses type ST
connector and the 100Mbit port uses type SC connector, both compatible with 850nm multi-mode
fiber-optic cable.
The user can connect to either a 10Base-T or a 100Base-TX Ethernet hub; the port will
automatically sense which type of hub is connected. Due to possibility of noise and interference on
this part, it is recommended that this connection type be used for short-term connections and over
short distance. Ideally where the relays and hubs are located in the same cubicle.
The connector for the Ethernet port is a shielded RJ-45. The table shows the signals and pins on
the connector.
Chapter 11 Commission
11.1 Introduction
This relay is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employ a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay. It is
considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay if the settings have been verified by one
of the following methods:
-extracting the settings applied to the relay using appropriate setting software (preferred method)
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
WARNING!
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
11.2 Precautions
WARNING!
Hazardous voltages are present in this electrical equipment during operation. Non- observance of
the safety rules can result in severe personal injury or property damage.
Only qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after becoming thoroughly
familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well as with the applicable safety
regulations.
The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply voltage
(storage capacitors!).
The limit values stated in the technique data (Chapter 2) must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other measurement
quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and maybe also close
commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are disconnected from the device
unless expressly stated.
DANGER!
Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before the current leads to
the device are disconnected.
WARNING!
Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar with the
commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules and regulations
(switching, earthing, etc.)
--Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer
--Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0-200V and 0-250V
respectively.
Note:
Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment
--An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500 V (for insulation
resistance test when required);
--A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be tested,
if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
--RCSPC software.
-- A printer.
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. LEDs and alarms
can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault and event records
cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be entered before changes
can be made.
Alternatively, if a portable PC is available together with suitable setting software (such as RCSPC),
the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a full column of data and text. This PC
software also allows settings to be entered more easily, saved to a file on disk for future reference
or printed to produce a setting record. Refer to the PC software user manual for details. If the
software is being used for the first time, allow sufficient time to become familiar with its operation.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into use.
− Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware
defect. Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by
self-monitoring when the DC power is supplied.
− User interfaces test
− Binary input circuits and output circuits test
− AC input circuits test
− Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests
of the protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
− Measuring elements test
− Timers test
− Metering and recording test
− Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and
other external equipment.
− On-load test
− Phase sequence check and polarity check.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. Following items listed is
necessary.
1. Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
2. Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire used in the panel to assure that their cross section meet the
requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
3. Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
5. Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons
work normally and smoothly.
11.5.1.2 Insulation
Insulation resistances tests are only necessary during commission if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, terminals of the same circuits should be temporarily
connected together.
-Relay contacts
-Case earth
The insulation resistance should be greater than 100MΩ at 500V. On completion of the insulation
resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected to the relay.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
The relay can be operated from either 110/125Vdc or 220/250Vdc auxiliary supply depending on
the relay’s nominal supply rating. The incoming voltage must be within the operating range
specified in the following table, before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure
it is within the operating range.
It should be noted that the relay can withstand an AC ripple of up to 12% of the upper rated voltage
on the DC auxiliary supply.
Energize the relay only if the auxiliary supply is within the specified operating ranges.
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the protection for
these checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
This test ensures that the LCD, LEDs and keys function correctly.
◆ LCD display
Only apply the rated DC voltage and check whether the LCD displays normal operation status
report as mentioned former. If there is a failure, for example VT circuit fail because of not
applying voltage, the LCD displays failure report. If the LCD displays failure report, press the
“ECS” key for 1 second and the LCD will return to normal operation status report.
◆ LED display
Apply the rated DC voltage and check that the "HEALTHY" LED is lighting in green. We need
to emphasize that the "HEALTHY" LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious problems listed in chapter 4.
◆ Keypad
Press key “ESC” or “▲”and enter the command menu. Do some jobs to ensure that all buttons
are in good condition.
Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts (equipment being blocked, BSJ) are in
the states given in Table 11-1 below.
Contacts
Terminals
Relay de-energized Relay energized
4A1-4A3
4A2-4A4 Closed Open
4B4-4B26
The method of setting will depend on whether accuracy is being maintained via the RS-485 port
(from GPS in the substation) on the rear of the protection or via the front panel user interface
manually.
Turn on the DC power supply of the equipment and check the software version and time through
the LCD Manual.
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the protection are functioning correctly. The binary
inputs should be energized one at a time. Ensuring correct polarity, connect the field supply
voltage to the appropriate terminals for the input being tested.
There two voltage levels of opto-couple for binary inputs, one is 24V DC and the other is
250/220/125/110V DC. The negative pole of DC 24V and negative pole of DC 250/220/125/110V
have been connected with the corresponding negative pole of opto-couplers through the inner rear
board in equipment. The positive pole terminals of opto-couplers have been connected to the rear
connectors for binary input connecting, and common positive pole has also be connected to the
rear connector.
Please see the panel diagram carefully and find the right connector terminal numbers of common
positive pole of DC 24V and DC 250/220/125/110V.
Note:
The binary inputs may be energized from an external DC auxiliary supply (e.g. the station battery)
in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field voltage otherwise
damage to the protection may result. The status of each binary input can be viewed using either
RCSPC software installed in a portable PC or by checking the front man-machine interface LCD.
When each binary input is energized the display will change to indicate the new status of the
inputs. Please check binary input both on CPU module and MON module and ensure they are
consistent.
Please note only the positive pole of opto-coupler for binary inputs are listed in following tables.
Path: Main Menu -> VALUES-> CPU(MON) BI STATE ->TR PROT EBI
Path: Main Menu -> VALUES-> CPU(MON) BI STATE ->GEN PROT EBI
Path: Main Menu -> VALUES-> CPU(MON) BI STATE ->ET&ST PROT EBI
Path: Main Menu -> VALUES-> CPU(MON) BI STATE ->MECH RLY EBI
When detecting a hardware failure in self-supervise, the relay will block all the output and black the
“HEALTY” LED.
All the operation element for alarm operates, the “ALARM” LED will illuminate. At the same time,
the BJJ contact and other alarm contacts will be closed. According to the below table we can
check these contacts.
Remote Yes or NO
No Signal name Local signal SOE signal
signal
1 BO_FAIL 4A1-4A3 4A2-4A4 4B4-4B26
2 BO_Alm_Abnor 4A1-4A5 4A2-4A6 4B4-4B28
3 BO_Alm_CTS 4A1-4A7 4A2-4A8 4B4-4B6
4 BO_Alm_VTS 4A1-4A9 4A2-4A10 4B4-4B8
5 BO_Alm_OvLd 4A1-4A11 4A2-4A12 4B4-4B10
6 BO_Alm_NegOC_Gen 4A1-4A13 4A2-4A14 4B4-4B12
7 BO_Alm_OvLd_Exc 4A1-4A15 4A2-4A16 4B4-4B14
8 BO_Alm_EF_Sta 4A1-4A17 4A2-4A18 4B4-4B16
9 BO_Alm_1PEF_Gen 4A1-4A19 4A2-4A20 4B4-4B18
10 BO_Alm_LossExc_Gen 4A1-4A21 4A2-4A22 4B4-4B20
11 BO_Alm_OOS_Gen 4A1-4A23 4A2-4A24 4B4-4B22
12 BO_Alm_FreqProt_Gen 4A1-4A25 4A2-4A26 4B4-4B24
13 BO_Alm_PwrProt_Gen 4A1-4A27 4A2-4A28 4B4-4B29
14 BO_Alm_OvExc_Gen 4A1-4A29 4A2-4A30 4B4-4B30
All the operation element for tripping operates, the “TRIP” LED will illuminate. At the same time,
the tripping signal contacts will be closed. According to the below table we can check these
contacts.
Setting the tripping logic settings refer to chapter 7. The output x will be closed only when the
correspond bit [Output x] is set as “1”. According to the below table we can check these contacts.
This test should only be performed where the protection is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.
It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the protection’s rear communications port and any protocol converter
necessary.
Courier communications
Ensure that the RS-232 wire link the RS-232 port in front of the RCS-985A and the communication
baud rate in RCSPC must be set as “9600”.
Check that communications can be established with this protection using the portable PC.
Remote communication
This test is to check the status of communications between RCS-985A and the engineer’s
workstation in SAS(Substation automation system) if it is applicable. Before test, the
communication baud rate in RCS-985A must be set as “1200-38400” depends on Substation
Automation System, and the protection’s [Comm_Adrr] must be set to a value between 1 and 254.
In the menu of “DEBUG”->”COMM STATUS” on the LCD display, “485A”or “485B” indicates the
communication status of 485A port or 485B port. If “Receive Data” is “N”, it means the equipment
has not received data from external system. If “Valid Frame” is ‘N’, it indicates the setting error of
baud rate or protocol while “Valid Address” is “N”, it means the communication address is set
wrongly. ”Send Data” is "N” means datagram sent from the equipment is wrong. If all those status
are ‘Y’, it means communication is established successfully.
This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable Accuracys.
All protections will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz.
All relays will be set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz. If operation at 60Hz is required
then this must be set at menu.
Apply current equal to the current transformer secondary winding rating to each current
transformer input of the corresponding rating in turn, see the following table or external connection
diagram for appropriate terminal numbers, checking its magnitude using a multimeter/test set
readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays’ menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is ±5%. However an additional allowance must be made
for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Displayed on LCD
Input Angle Angle
No. Items
value Phase A Phase B Phase C between A between A
and B and C
Displayed on LCD
Input Angle Angle
No. Items
value Phase A Phase B Phase C between A between A
and B and C
Phase currents at bushing In
1
CT of HVS of main Tr 4In
Phase currents at side 1 of In
2
HVS of main Tr 4In
Phase currents at side 2 of In
3
HVS of main Tr 4In
Phase currents at side 2 of In
4
HVS of ST 4In
Phase currents at terminal of In
5
Gen 4In
In
6 Phase currents at NP of Gen
4In
In
7 Phase currents at HVS of ST
4In
In
8 Phase currents at LVS of ST
4In
Phase currents at side 1 of In
9
Exc 4In
Phase currents at side 2 of In
10
Exc 4In
Zero sequence transverse In *******************
11
current of Gen 4In *******************
In *******************
12 Zero sequence current of Tr
4In *******************
Gap Zero sequence current In *******************
13
of Tr 4In *******************
Note:
To avoid damage the equipment, we can’t inject a high value current (such as 4In or more) to the
equipment for long time, we suggest that the time in high current condition should not over 3
second every time.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is ± 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
This test only needs to be performed on models with voltage transformer inputs as it verifies that
the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable Accuracys.
Apply rated voltage to voltage transformer input, checking its magnitude using a multimeter/test
set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is ±5%. However an additional allowance must be made
for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Displayed in LCD
Input Angle Angle
No. Items
value PhA PhB PhC between A between A
and B and C
Terminal TV1 of 58V
1
generator 20V
Terminal TV2 of 58V
2
generator 20V
58V
3 HVS TV of transformer
20V
HVS TV of stepdown 58V
4
transformer 20V
zero sequence voltage 100V
5 at terminal TV2 of
20V
generator
zero sequence voltage 100V
6 at terminal TV2 of
20V
generator
zero sequence voltage 100V
7
at NP of generator 20V
zero sequence voltage 100V
8
of transformer 20V
zero sequence voltage 100V
9 at LVS of stepdown
20V
transformer
Note:
The measurement accuracy of the protection is ±5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Note:
The trip circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Transferring them from a pre-prepared setting file to the relay using a portable PC running the
appropriate software via the relay’s RS232 port, located on the front plate of the relay. This
method is preferred for transferring function settings as it is much faster and there is less margin
for error.
Tests mentioned above have already demonstrated that the relay is within calibration, thus the
purpose of these tests is as follows:
− To determine that the primary protection functions, such as generator differential protection,
overcurrent protection and so on, can trip according to the correct application settings.
− To verify correct assignment of the trip contacts, by monitoring the response to a selection of
fault injections.
It is not the intension of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the relay’s rear communications port and any protocol converter necessary.
Connect a portable PC to the relay via a EIA(RS) 485-232 converter. Ensure that the relay
address and the baud rate settings in the application software are set the same as those in relay.
If the relay has the optional fiber optic communications port, then an fiber optic-RS232 converter
shall be applied.
-Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform
any the foregoing tests. It should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
Voltage connections
Using a multimeter measure the voltage generator secondary voltages to ensure they are correctly
rated. Check that the system phase rotation is correct using a phase rotation meter.
Comparing the values of the secondary phase voltages with the relay’s measured values, which
can be found in the menu.
Current connections
Measure the current transformer secondary values for each input using a multimeter connected in
series with the corresponding current input. (It is preferable to use a tong-test ammeter instead)
Check that the current transformer polarities are correct by measuring the phase angle between
the current and voltage either against a phase meter already installed on site and known to be
correct or by determining the direction of power flow by contacting the networks control center
(NCC).
Compare the values of the secondary phase currents and phase angle with the relay’s measured
values, which can be found in menu.
Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been necessary to disconnect any
of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform the wiring verification tests, it
should be ensured that all connections (wiring, fuses and links) are replaced in accordance
with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records, alarms and LEDs have been
reset before leaving the relay.
Connect RS-232 communication port of the computer and that of RCS-985A protection equipment
by a cable with DB-9 connectors on both ends. Run the program RCSPC. If the connection is
correct, the screen will show “RCS-985A connected”, see Figure 11.6-1. Even if the computer is
off line, this picture will be still shown but the words about connection will disappear.
Set the PC com port’s baud rate which is connected with front series port of RCS-985A as
9600bps.
There are 3 bars on top of the screen, from top to bottom: title bar, menu bar and tool bar, see
Figure 11.6-3.
First, click the first button of tool bar parameter, dialog box of communication parameters is
displayed, see Figure 11.6-4. Only the parameter of [COM port] shall be configured as the port of
computer which is actually connected with the equipment, all other parameters shall be configured
as the same as displayed in Figure 11.6-4.
Here is only brief description of usage. Please refer to dedicated manual of RCSPC for detail.
The function is used for offline parameter setting. First, input setting parameters and saves it in PC,
then connects PC with the protection equipment, executive “DOWNLOAD” command, and the
settings saved in PC will be transferred to the protection equipment, so most part of the setting
operation can be finished in office instead of in substation.
Here is the procedure to input settings offline. Before connect PC with RCS-985A, run the
software of RCSPC,click on “setting” icon, a popup dialog box will appear which asks user
whether or not to set parameter offline, click “yes” and input “985Axxx” (xxx represents program
version, point ignored) to confirm the relay type and version of the protection program, then
parameter setting interface will appear. The settings displayed first are default settings, user can
replace them with application-specific settings. After modification, save the settings into a file.
When PC is connected with the protection equipment, open the setting file and transfer setting to
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
435
Chapter 11 Commission
protection.
When PC is connecting with RCS-985A, run RCSPC, the PC screen will display “RCS-985Axxx
connected”, click on “SETTING” icon, then parameter setting interface will appear, the settings
uploaded from RCS-985A will be displayed, user can modify them to application-specific settings.
11.6.4.2 Status
Click button, user can observe real time sampled data and binary inputs status.
11.6.4.3 Report
Click button, entering report view part of the program, choose a report in the table, and click
“report record”, save report data according to following clue on instruction. The data can be used
in the auxiliary analyze software to show us the fault course of power system and the logic
calculation course of RCS-985A again.
Click button, all magnetic latched output relays and signal relays will be reset.
Click button, entering trip test part of the program, click contacts to change the status of
relays displayed, a same operation command to breaker circuit will be issued. This function is
used to test breaker circuit without apply electric quantities to the protection equipment.
Chapter 12 Maintenance
12.1 Maintenance period
It is recommended that products supplied by NR receive periodic monitoring after installation. In
view of the critical nature of protective relays and their infrequent operation, it is desirable to
confirm that they are operating correctly at regular intervals.
RCS series relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier designs of
relay. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken. However, some
periodic tests should be done to ensure that the relay is functioning correctly and the external
wiring is intact.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the
contents of the Safety and technique Data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s
rating label.
12.2.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist. If so, try to
find the cause to the alarm and eliminate it and clear the alarms to extinguish the LED.
Alternatively, the values measured by the relay can be checked against known values injected into
the relay via the test block, if fitted, or injected directly into the relay terminals. Suitable test
methods can be found in relevant manuals. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being
maintained.
The preferred method is to replace the complete relay as it ensures that the internal circuitry is
protected against electrostatic discharge and physical damage at all times and overcomes the
possibility of incompatibility between replacement PCBs.
Replacing PCBs can reduce transport costs but requires clean, dry conditions on site and higher
skills from the person performing the repair. However, if the repair is not performed by an
approved service center, the warranty will be invalidated.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
Safety and technique Data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label. This should
ensure that no damage is caused by incorrect handling of the electronic components.
Before working at the rear of the relay, isolate all voltage and current supplies to the relay.
Note:
The RCS serials relays have integral current transformer shorting switches which will close when
the connecting terminal is removed.
Disconnect the relay earth, IRIG-B and fiber optic connections, as appropriate, from the rear of the
relay.
Note:
The use of a magnetic bladed screwdriver is recommended to minimize the risk of the screws
being left in the terminal block or lost.
Without exerting excessive force or damaging the scheme wiring, pull the terminal blocks away
from their internal connectors.
Remove the screws used to fasten the relay to the panel, rack, etc. These are the screws with the
larger diameter heads on front of the faceplate of the relay.
Withdraw the relay carefully from the panel, rack, etc. because it will be heavy due to the internal
transformers.
To reinstall the repaired or replacement relay, follow the above instructions in reverse, ensuring
that each terminal block is relocated in the correct position and the case earth, and fiber optic
connections are replaced.
Once reinstallation is complete the relay should be re-commissioned using the instructions in
sections 11 of this manual.
Before replacing a PCB the auxiliary supply must be removed, and wait 5s for capacitors to
discharge. It is also strongly recommended that the voltage and current transformer connections
and trip circuit are isolated.
The relay, being modular in design, allows for the withdrawal and insertion of modules. Modules
must only be replaced with like modules in their original factory configured slots.
NR Support teams are available world-wide, and it is strongly recommended that any repairs be
entrusted to those trained personnel. For this reason, details on product disassembly and
re-assembly are not included here.
This battery will periodically need changing. If the battery-backed facilities are not required to be
maintained during an interruption of the auxiliary supply, the steps below can be followed to
remove the battery.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technique data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
Gently extract the battery from its socket. If necessary, use a small, insulated screwdriver to prize
the battery free.
Ensure that the metal terminals in the battery socket are free from corrosion, grease and dust.
The replacement battery should be removed from its packaging and placed into the battery holder,
taking care to ensure that the polarity markings on the battery agree with those adjacent to the
socket as shown as below.
Note:
Ensure that the battery is securely held in its socket and that the battery terminals are making
good contact with the metal terminals of the socket.
12.5 Cleaning
Before cleaning the equipment ensure that all AC and DC supplies, current transformer and
voltage transformer connections are isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst
cleaning.
The equipment may be cleaned using a lint-free cloth moistened with clean water. The use of
detergents, solvents or abrasive cleaners is not recommended as they may damage the relay’s
To switch off the protective device, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power
supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the DC module of the
protective device, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply
is switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The protective device rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles
may also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
13.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.
1. Equipment type;
To be simplified, user can provide such information by finishing the following table and send it to
manufacture.
Communication Port
EIA-232 and 2 x EIA-485 A
EIA-232 and 2 x Optical converter B
EIA-232 and 2 x Ethernet*
External 24Vdc 1
External 48Vdc* 2
External 110/125Vdc 3
External 220/250Vdc 4
Communication medium
Shielded twisted pair wires T
Optical Fiber O
Communication Protocol
IEC 60870-5-103 S
MODBUS M
IEC 61850* E
Terminal Type
Jointing Terminal C
Screw terminal Block S
3. Color of panel (Inter Grey, Apple green and light camel grey are recommended colors).