Machine

Design
Data Book

Faculty In Charge Head of Department

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 Machine Design Data Book

POWER SCREWS-

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 Machine Design Data Book

Sr.No. Table Equation

2. .N .T
Power Required to rotate the Power  .......watt
1 60
Screw
N  r. p.m......T  Torque ( N .m)
1) Considering Screw Only-
d
T  P.
2
Torque Required to rotate the 2) Considering Screw and Collar –
2 d
Screw (T) T  P.  1.W .R
2
1  Coefficient of friction for collar
W- Load on the Screw
1) To Raise or Lift the Load,-
 tan  tan 
P  W tan      W   ...( N )
Tangential Force Required at 1  tan .tan 
4 the circumference of the screw 2) To Lower the Load:-
(P)  tan  tan 
P  W tan      W   ...( N )
1  tan .tan 

 tan  tan1 
P  W tan   1   W   ...( N )
1  tan .tan1 
5 For Acme Thread 
tan 1 
cos 
  Semi  angle of Acmethread  14.5o
np
tan 
d
6 Helix angle n- no of starts of the thread
p-pitch of the Screw
d- Mean diameter of the screw
7 Friction Angle   tan

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 Machine Design Data Book

d0  dc p p
d  d0   dc 
2 2 2
Mean Diameter of the Screw Where- do – Nominal or Outside Diameter
8
(d)
p- Pitch of the Screw
dc- Core or Root Diameter
Coefficient of Friction for   tan 
9
Screw
R1  R2
R
10 Mean radius of the Collar 2
R1 – Outer Radius of Collar
R2 – Inner Radius of Collar
11

Effort Required at the end of T  P1. l ……T – Total Torque

12 D
Lever arm of length l, (P1) T  P1. ........D  Diameter of Hand Wheel
2
Speed of the Screw per velocity (mm / min)
13 N ......(r. p.m)
revolution Pitch (mm)

1) Considering Screw Only-

d
W .tan  .
 2
d
P.
Efficiency of the Screw 2
14
2) Considering Screw and Collar –
d
W .tan  .
 2
d
P.  1.W .R
2
HELICAL SPRINGS-

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 Machine Design Data Book

Sr.No. Table Equation

Using Spring Index C = D/d
D = C. d
1 Mean Diameter of the Spring Coil (D)
Outer Diameter of Spring Coil (Do) = D + d
Inner Diameter of spring Coil (Di) = D - d
2 Diameter of the Spring wire (d) 1) When Wahl’s Factor (K) is Given –

8WD
  K.
d3
4C  1 0.615
K 
4C  4 C
2) When load is variable (W1 And W2),
then for Maximum load-
D 
T  Wmax .  . .d 3
2 16
Note:- Standard size of wire is taken from table below----

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 Machine Design Data Book

Sr.No. Table Equation

8.W .C 3n

G.d
- Deflection of Spring
C- Spring Index = D/d
n- no. of turns of coil
G- Modulus of Rigidity
3 Number of turns of Coil (n)
d- diameter of Spring Wire

1) If the Load variation is given Wmin to Wmax

Then W in above Equation is W= (Wmax- Wmin)
For Squared and Ground Ends;,
n’ = n + 2
4 Free length of spring (LF) LF  n' d   max  0.15 max
1) If the  is Load variation given for
(Wmax – Wmin) then
max is calculated for Maximum load (Wmax)
5 Pitch of the Coil (p) Free Length
Pitch 
n'  1
6 Energy stored in the Spring (U) 1
U  W .
2
1    2.
 m v v
F .S y e
8.Wm .D
 m  Ks ........
 .d 3
Helical springs subjected to  1  Wmax  Wmin
7 .K s   1   ......Wm 
fatigue Loading  2C  2
8.Wv .D
v  K .......
 .d 3
 4C  1 0.615  Wmax  Wmin
..K     ......Wv 
 4C  4 C  2

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 Machine Design Data Book

LEAF SPRINGS-

Sr.No. Table Equation

2 L  2 L1  l

1 Effective Length of spring (2L) 2L1 – Length of Span or Overall length of

Spring
l- width of the Band
n = nF + n G
2 Total Number of Leaves (n)
nF – No. of Full length leaves
nG- No. of Graduated Leaves
3 Central Load acting on the spring 2W
When no. of Springs are given, then
4 2W = (Total Load/No. of Springs)
Load on each spring (2W)
nt
Depth to Width Ratio b
5
n- Number of leaves, t – Thickness of plate
and b – Width of the plate
6 Final stresses in springs
When Leaves are Equally stressed When the leaves are not Initially stressed
6.W .L 18.W .L
i) Stress,   Stress,  
n.b.t 2 b.t (2nG  3nF )
2

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 Machine Design Data Book

6.W .L3 12.W .L

ii) Deflection,   Deflection,  
n.E.b.t 3 E.b.t (2nG  3nF )
3

Calculation Initial Gap between full

length and graduated leaves

2.W .L3
7 C
n.E.b.t 3

Load Exerted on the Band after the 2.nF .nG .W

8 Wb 
spring is assembled (Wb) n.(2nG  3nF )

Knuckle Joint
A knuckle joint is used to connect two rods which are under the action of tensile loads. However,
if the joint is guided, the rods may support a compressive load. A knuckle joint may be readily
disconnected for adjustments or repairs. Its use may be found in the link of a cycle chain, tie rod
joint for roof truss, valve rod joint with eccentric rod, pump rod joint, tension link in bridge
structure and lever and rod connections of various types.

Figure:- Knuckle joint

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 Machine Design Data Book

DESIGN PROCEDURE

Sr.No. Table Equation


P d 2 . t
4
1 Diameter of the Rod (d)
P- Load Transmitted,

t - Tensile Stress

2 Diameter of Knuckle Pin (d1) d1 = d

3 Outer diameter of eye (d2) d2 = 2 d

4 Diameter of knuckle pin Head and Collar (d3) d3 = 1.5 d

5 Thickness of single eye or rod end (t) t = 1.25 d

6 Thickness of Fork (t1) t1 = 0.75 d

7 Thickness of Pin head (t2) t2 = 0.5 d


8 Failure of knuckle pin in shear () P  2. d12 .
4

9 Failure of the single eye or rod end in tension (t) P  (d2  d1 ).t. t

10 Failure of the single eye or rod end in shearing () P  (d 2  d1 ).t.

11 Failure of the single eye or rod end in crushing (c) P  (d1 ).t. c

12 Failure of the forked end in tension (t) P  (d2  d1 ).2t1. t

13 Failure of the forked end in shear () P  (d2  d1 ).2t1.

14 Failure of the forked end in crushing (c) P  (d1 ).2t1. c

If the induced stresses are less than the given design stresses, therefore the joint is safe

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 Machine Design Data Book

S.No Table Equation

P

A
1 Stress
P  Force or load acting on a boby
A  Cross sec tional Area of thebody

l

l
2 Strain
 l  Change in length of body
l  original length of the body


Young Modulus or Modulus of   E. ......E 
3 
Elasticity (E) P.l P.l
E ..... l 
A. l A.E
P

A

4 Shear Stress For sin gle Shear , A  .d 2
4

For Double Shear , A  2. .d 2
4
 
Shear Modulus or Modulus of  C 
5
Rigidity   Shear Strain
C  Modulus of Rigidity

Yeild Po int stress

F .S 
Working or Design stress
6 Factor of Safety
Ultimate stress
F .S 
Working or Design stress

W  2.h. A.E 
7 Impact stress i  1  1  
A  W .l 

8 Torsional shear Stress

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 Machine Design Data Book

For Solid Shaft of

9
Diameter d

For Hollow Shaft of

10
Diameter d

Power transmitted by the

11
shaft

Bending Stress in
12
straight Beam

Bending Stress in
13
straight Beam

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Machine Design Data Book

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Machine Design Data Book

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 Machine Design Data Book

Sr.No. Table Equation

Bending stress in
14
Curved Beams

e = R - Rn, Yi = Rn-Ri, Yo = Ro-Rn,

15 Resultant Bending  Ri   t   bi
Stress  Ro   t   bo

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 Machine Design Data Book

16 Axial Direct Stress W

t  ... A  Area of Cross Section Given .( see AboveTable)
A
Maximum Bending
17 stress at the inside
fibre

Maximum Bending
18 stress at the
outside fibre

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Machine Design Data Book

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 Machine Design Data Book

RIVETED JOINTS:-
S.No Table Equation
Pt   p  d  .t. t
Tearing Resistanceof
1 p  pitch of rievt , d  diameter of rivet hole,
Rivet (Pt)
t  Thickness of plate,  t  PermissibleTensile stress


Ps  n.x. d 2 .
Shearing resistance of a 4
2
Rivet (Ps) n  no. of rievt , x  no. of shear ,
d  diameter of rivet hole,   Permissible shear stress

Pc  n.d .t. c
Crushing resistance of a
3 n  no. of rievt , t  thickness of rivet plate,
Rivet (Pc)
d  diameter of rivet hole,  c  PermissibleCrushing stress

4 Efficiency of the Rivet

WELDED JOINTS:-

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Machine Design Data Book

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 Machine Design Data Book

S.No Table Equation

P  A. t ......kN
1 Strength of the plate A  b. t....b and t  width and thickness of a plate
 t  Permis si ble tensile stress
P  0.707.s.l. t
Strength of a single s  size of weld  Thicknes of plate
2
Transverse fillet weld l  Length of weld
 t  PermissibleTensile Stress
P  1.414.s.l. t
Strength of a Double s  size of weld  Thicknes of plate
3
Transverse fillet weld l  Length of weld
 t  PermissibleTensile Stress
P  1.414.s.l.
Strength of a Parallel s  size of weld  Thicknes of plate
4
fillet weld l  Length of weld
  Permissible Shear Stress
P  0.707.s.l1. t  1.414.s.l2 .
Strength of single
s  size of weld  Thicknes of plate
5 Transverse and Parallel
l1 and l2  Length of Transverse and Parallel fillet weld
Fillet weld   Permissible Shear Stress
6 For Starting and Stopping of weld run 12.5 is added to the lengths

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 Machine Design Data Book

 t (max)  (max)
t  ......  
7 For Fatigue Loading Kt Kt
Kt  Stress concentration Factor

POWER SCREWS:-
STRESSES IN POWER SCREWS-

1) Direct Compressive Stress.

W 
c  ....... Ac  .dc 2
1 Stresses in Power Screws Ac 4
d c  (d o  p )
d o  Nomimal dia. or outside dia.
p  pitch of the screw
16.T

2 Shear Stresses in Screws  .d c 3
T  Torque ( N .mm)

Maximum shear Stress in

3 1
Screws  max   c 2  4 2
2
W
Pb 
 .n.d .t
h
n  No. of threads in engagement with nut 
Bearing Pressure on Screw p
4
h  height of nut.... p  pich of screw
pitch p
t  thickness of screw  
2 2

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